FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Tanner, DK
Leonard, EN
Brazner, JC
AF Tanner, DK
Leonard, EN
Brazner, JC
TI Microwave digestion method for phosphorus determination of fish tissue
SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID ECOSYSTEMS; OVEN
AB A simple time-saving method is described for the digestion of fish tissue for spectrophotometric determination of phosphorus. Microwave digestion of fish tissue was compared to the commonly used method of ashing tissue in a muffle furnace. Microwave digestion produced significantly higher phosphorus recoveries and took only half the time to run the same number of samples compared to ashing.
C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
RP Tanner, DK (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
NR 14
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA
SN 0024-3590
J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR
JI Limnol. Oceanogr.
PD MAY
PY 1999
VL 44
IS 3
BP 708
EP 709
PG 2
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 196UQ
UT WOS:000080326300024
ER
PT J
AU Moore, MM
Collard, DD
Harrington-Brock, K
AF Moore, MM
Collard, DD
Harrington-Brock, K
TI Failure to adequately use positive control data leads to poor quality
mouse lymphoma data assessments
SO MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID RESISTANT TFT MUTANTS; MUTATION ASSAY; PROTOCOL ISSUES; CODED CHEMICALS;
CELLS; RESPONSES; TK; QUANTITATION; WORKSHOP
C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Moore, MM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 19
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0267-8357
J9 MUTAGENESIS
JI Mutagenesis
PD MAY
PY 1999
VL 14
IS 3
BP 261
EP 263
DI 10.1093/mutage/14.3.261
PG 3
WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 198LZ
UT WOS:000080426800003
PM 10374992
ER
PT J
AU Cole, J
Harrington-Brock, K
Moore, MM
AF Cole, J
Harrington-Brock, K
Moore, MM
TI The mouse lymphoma assay in the wake of ICH4 - where are we now?
SO MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID TK-/ MUTANTS; THYMIDINE KINASE LOCUS; RESISTANT TFT MUTANTS; L5178Y/TK+/
MOUSE; METHYL METHANESULFONATE; CHROMOSOME ABERRATION; CYTOGENETIC
ANALYSIS; MICROWELL METHOD; PROTOCOL ISSUES; GENE-MUTATIONS
C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ Sussex, MRC, Cell Mutat Unit, Brighton BN1 9RR, E Sussex, England.
RP Moore, MM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 45
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0267-8357
J9 MUTAGENESIS
JI Mutagenesis
PD MAY
PY 1999
VL 14
IS 3
BP 265
EP 270
DI 10.1093/mutage/14.3.265
PG 6
WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 198LZ
UT WOS:000080426800004
PM 10374993
ER
PT J
AU Moore, MM
Harrington-Brock, K
Cole, J
AF Moore, MM
Harrington-Brock, K
Cole, J
TI Issues for conducting the microtiter version of the mouse lymphoma
thymidine kinase (tk) assay and a critical review of data generated in a
collaborative trial using the microtiter method
SO MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Review
ID CHROMOSOME ABERRATION; CELLS; VALIDATION; MUTATIONS; DAMAGE; GENE
C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ Sussex, MRC, Cell Mutat Unit, Brighton BN1 9RR, E Sussex, England.
RP Moore, MM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 16
TC 67
Z9 68
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0267-8357
J9 MUTAGENESIS
JI Mutagenesis
PD MAY
PY 1999
VL 14
IS 3
BP 271
EP 281
DI 10.1093/mutage/14.3.271
PG 11
WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 198LZ
UT WOS:000080426800005
PM 10374994
ER
PT J
AU Levin, ED
Simon, BB
Schmechel, DE
Glasgow, HB
Deamer-Melia, NJ
Burkholder, JM
Moser, VC
Jensen, K
Harry, GJ
AF Levin, ED
Simon, BB
Schmechel, DE
Glasgow, HB
Deamer-Melia, NJ
Burkholder, JM
Moser, VC
Jensen, K
Harry, GJ
TI Pfiesteria toxin and learning performance
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology
CY MAR 01-05, 1998
CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
SP Soc Toxicol
DE Pfiesteria piscicida; learning; radial-arm maze; activity; figure-8 maze
ID FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY; ESTUARINE DINOFLAGELLATE; PISCICIDA;
EXPOSURE
AB Pfiesteria piscicida is an estuarine dinoflagellate involved with fish kills along the east coast of the United States. We previously documented a radial-arm maze learning deficit in rats exposed to Pfiesteria that may be related to cognitive deficits seen in humans after accidental Pfiesteria exposure. The current study elucidated important behavioral parameters of this deficit. There were six dose groups. Forty (10/group) adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected (SC) with a single dose of Pfiesteria taken from aquarium-cultured Pfiesteria (35,600, 106,800, or 320,400 Pfiesteria cells/kg of rat body weight or a cell-free filtrate of the 106,800 cells/kg dose). One control group (N = 10) was injected with saline and one (N = 10) with aquarium water not containing Pfiesteria. Half of the rats in each group were tested on an 8-arm radial maze in a standard test room, and the other half were tested on the radial maze in a sound-attenuating chamber. In the standard maze room, there was a significant effect of Pfiesteria (p < 0.05) impairing choice accuracy improvement over the first six sessions of training among rats administered 106,800, 320,400, and the 106,800 cells/kg filtered sample. In contrast, there was no indication of an effect of Pfiesteria when the rats were tested-on the same configuration radial maze in the sound-attenuating chamber. After 18 sessions of training in one room, the rats were switched for six sessions of testing in the other room and finally were switched back to their original room for three sessions. There was a significant Pfiesteria-induced deficit when the rats were tested in the standard test room but not when they were tested in the sound-attenuating chamber. When the Pfiesteria-exposed rats were initially switched from the sound-attenuating chamber to the standard test room they performed significantly worse than controls, whereas Pfiesteria-treated rats switched from the standard test room to the sound-attenuating chamber did not perform differently from controls. These results suggest that the Pfiesteria-induced learning impairment may result from the negative impact of distracting stimuli. At the time of the learning impairment, no overt Pfiesteria-related effects were seen using a functional observational battery and no overall response latency effects were seen, indicating that the Pfiesteria-induced choice accuracy deficit was not due to generalized debilitation. In the initial use of the figure-8 maze in this line of research, the rats in the same Pfiesteria treatment groups that showed significant deficits in the radial-arm maze showed greater declines in activity rates in a 1-h figure-8 locomotor activity test. Both the 106,800 and 320,400 Pfiesteria cells/kg groups showed significantly greater linear trends of activity decline relative to tank water-treated controls. This reflected an initial slight hyperactivity in the Pfiesteria-treated animals followed by a decrease to control levels, Pfiesteria effects in the figure-8 maze and in early radial-arm maze training may be useful in a rapid screen for identifying the critical toxin(s) of Pfiesteria in future studies. Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
N Carolina State Univ, Durham VA Med Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Levin, ED (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 341 Bell Bldg,Box 3412, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
NR 13
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0892-0362
J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL
JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1999
VL 21
IS 3
BP 215
EP 221
DI 10.1016/S0892-0362(98)00041-5
PG 7
WC Neurosciences; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology
GA 202XP
UT WOS:000080677700001
PM 10386824
ER
PT J
AU Crofton, KM
Rice, DC
AF Crofton, KM
Rice, DC
TI Low-frequency hearing loss following perinatal exposure to 3,3 ',4,4
',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) in rats
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE 3,3 ',4,4 ',5-pentachlorobiphenyl; PCB126; ototoxicity, developmental
ID THYROID-HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS AROCLOR-1254;
DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; CONGENERS; DEFICITS
AB Previous research has demonstrated the sensitivity of the developing rat to the ototoxic effects of exposure to Aroclor 1254. In this study we assessed the effects of developmental exposure to an individual PCB congener (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl; PCB 126) on auditory function. Nulliparous Long Evans rats received either 0, 0.25, or 1.0 mu g/kg/day (5 days/week) for 35 days prior to breeding and throughout gestation and lactation. Auditory thresholds for 0.5-, 1-, 4-, 8-, 16-, 32-, and 40-kHz tones were assessed in offspring on postnatal days (PND) 76-90. Perinatal maternal PCB 126 exposure caused low-frequency hearing deficits. Elevated auditory thresh olds occurred in the 1.0 mu g/kg/day treated group for 0.5- and 1-kHz tones, whereas thresholds were not significantly affected at any higher frequencies. These results are important in that the data implicate, at least partially, the coplanar PCBs in the developmental ototoxicity induced by Aroclor 1254. Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Hlth Canada, Toxicol Res Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada.
RP Crofton, KM (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, MD-74B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015
OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971
NR 18
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0892-0362
J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL
JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1999
VL 21
IS 3
BP 299
EP 301
DI 10.1016/S0892-0362(98)00065-8
PG 3
WC Neurosciences; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology
GA 202XP
UT WOS:000080677700011
PM 10386834
ER
PT J
AU Podolsky, MJ
Spiegel, M
AF Podolsky, MJ
Spiegel, M
TI When does interstate transportation of municipal solid waste make sense
and when does it not?
SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
C1 US EPA, Off Econ & Environm, Off Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA.
Univ Haifa, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel.
RP Podolsky, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Econ & Environm, Off Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 14
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER SOC PUBLIC ADMIN
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1120 G STREET NW SUITE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0033-3352
J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV
JI Public Adm. Rev.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1999
VL 59
IS 3
BP 250
EP 255
DI 10.2307/3109953
PG 6
WC Public Administration
SC Public Administration
GA 208AA
UT WOS:000080967000007
ER
PT J
AU Lemasters, GK
Olsen, DM
Yiin, JH
Lockey, JE
Shukla, R
Selevan, SG
Schrader, SM
Toth, GP
Evenson, DP
Huszar, GB
AF Lemasters, GK
Olsen, DM
Yiin, JH
Lockey, JE
Shukla, R
Selevan, SG
Schrader, SM
Toth, GP
Evenson, DP
Huszar, GB
TI Male reproductive effects of solvent and fuel exposure during aircraft
maintenance
SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE mixtures; fuels; solvents; male reproduction; sperm; painters; aircraft
maintenance; breath analysis
ID ETHYLENE-GLYCOL ETHERS; SEMEN QUALITY; SEX-RATIO; SPERM MOTILITY;
LUNG-CANCER; MULTIPLE COMPARISONS; DECREASING QUALITY; UNEXPOSED
WORKERS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY
AB Few studies have addressed the effects of mixed, low-level exposures to complex mixtures on a man's reproductive potential. In this prospective study, each subject was evaluated before first exposure and at 15 and 30 weeks after exposures had begun. A total of 50 men working on aircraft maintenance at an Air Force installation were included in the study. In addition, eight unexposed men were concurrently sampled. Industrial hygiene (IH) sampling and expired breath samples were collected for jet fuel as measured by total napthas, benzene-a component of jet fuel, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, methyl ethyl ketone, xylenes, toluene, and methylene chloride. Sperm production, structure, and function (sperm concentration, sperm motion, viability, morphology, morphometrics, and stability of sperm chromatin) were evaluated, Exposures were low. All mean IH measures were below 6 ppm, which is less than 10% of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration standard for all chemicals except benzene. Sheet metal workers had the highest mean breath levels for both total solvents (24 ppb) and fuels (28.3 ppb), For most sperm measures, mean values remained in the normal range throughout the 30 weeks of exposure, When jobs were analyzed by exposure groups, some adverse changes were observed. The paint shop group had a significant decline in motility of 19.5 % at 30 weeks. Internal dose measures, however, did not show a significant association with spermatogenic changes, (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc.
C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Kettering Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA.
US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
Univ S Dakota, Brookings, SD USA.
Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA.
NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
RP Olsen, DM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Kettering Labs, Room G-8,POB 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA.
RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES06096, R01ES06597]
NR 88
TC 30
Z9 32
U1 2
U2 8
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0890-6238
J9 REPROD TOXICOL
JI Reprod. Toxicol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 3
BP 155
EP 166
DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(99)00012-X
PG 12
WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology
SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology
GA 202BK
UT WOS:000080632100001
PM 10378465
ER
PT J
AU Goering, PL
Aposhian, HV
Mass, MJ
Cebrian, M
Beck, BD
Waalkes, MP
AF Goering, PL
Aposhian, HV
Mass, MJ
Cebrian, M
Beck, BD
Waalkes, MP
TI The enigma of arsenic carcinogenesis: Role of metabolism
SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology
CY MAR 01-05, 1998
CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
SP Soc Toxicol
ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; ENZYMATIC METHYLATION; IN-VITRO;
MONOMETHYLARSONIC ACID; DRINKING-WATER; URINARY CONCENTRATIONS; MARMOSET
MONKEYS; DNA METHYLATION; RABBIT LIVER; RAT-LIVER
AB Inorganic arsenic is considered a high-priority hazard, particularly because of its potential to be a human carcinogen. In exposed human populations, arsenic is associated with tumors of the lung, skin, bladder, and liver. While it is known to be a human carcinogen, carcinogenesis in laboratory animals by this metalloid has never been convincingly demonstrated. Therefore, no animal models exist for studying molecular mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenesis, The apparent human sensitivity, combined with our incomplete understanding about mechanisms of carcinogenic action, create important public health concerns and challenges in risk assessment, which could be met by understanding the role of metabolism in arsenic toxicity and carcinogenesis. This symposium summary covers three critical major areas involving arsenic metabolism: its biodiversity, the role of arsenic metabolism in molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis, and the impact of arsenic metabolism on human risk assessment. In mammals, arsenic is metabolized to mono- and dimethylated species by methyltransferase enzymes in reactions that require S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) as the methyl donating cofactor. A remarkable species diversity in arsenic methyltransferase activity may account for the wide variability in sensitivity of humans and animals to arsenic toxicity. Arsenic interferes with DNA methyltransferases, resulting in inactivation of tumor suppressor genes through DNA hypermethylation, Other studies suggest that arsenic-induced malignant transformation is linked to DNA hypomethylation subsequent to depletion of SAM, which results in aberrant gene activation, including oncogenes, Urinary profiles of arsenic metabolites may be a valuable tool for assessing human susceptibility to arsenic carcinogenesis. While controversial, the idea that unique arsenic metabolic properties may explain the apparent non-linear threshold response for arsenic carcinogenesis in humans. In order to address these outstanding issues, further efforts are required to identify an appropriate animal model to elucidate carcinogenic mechanisms of action, and to define dose-response relationships.
C1 US FDA, Div Life Sci, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, HFZ 112, Rockville, MD 20852 USA.
Univ Arizona, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
Univ Arizona, Ctr Toxicol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
US EPA, Biochem & Pathobiol Branch, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
CINVESTAV, Secc Toxicol Ambiental, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico.
Gradient Corp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
NIEHS, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, NCI, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
RP Goering, PL (reprint author), US FDA, Div Life Sci, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, HFZ 112, 12709 Twinbrook Pkwy, Rockville, MD 20852 USA.
NR 58
TC 186
Z9 198
U1 2
U2 10
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1096-6080
J9 TOXICOL SCI
JI Toxicol. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 1999
VL 49
IS 1
BP 5
EP 14
DI 10.1093/toxsci/49.1.5
PG 10
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 251PX
UT WOS:000083455000002
PM 10367337
ER
PT J
AU Ciereszko, A
Dabrowski, K
Lin, F
Christ, SA
Toth, GP
AF Ciereszko, A
Dabrowski, K
Lin, F
Christ, SA
Toth, GP
TI Effects of extenders and time of storage before freezing on motility and
fertilization of cryopreserved muskellunge spermatozoa
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID RAINBOW-TROUT; SPERM MOTILITY; ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; CLUPEA-PALLASI;
LAKE STURGEON; EGGS; FISH; PRESERVATION; INITIATION; WHITEFISH
AB The usefulness of five extenders for cryopreservation of muskellunge semen was studied in fertilization trials and computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) of postthaw sperm motility. The effect of pre freezing storage time before cryopreservation on success of cryopreservation was also analyzed. A 50% fertilization rate (compared with fresh semen) of the extender containing 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in seminal-plasma-mimicking medium (SPMM) supplemented by 10% egg yolk was significantly higher than in extenders consisting of 10% DMSO, 0.6 M sucrose, and 10% egg yolk or 20% glycerol and 0.3 M glucose. Spermatozoa cryopreserved with DMSO-SPMM-egg yolk extender had the highest values of straight-line velocity and linearity of movement. Significantly lower fertilizing ability and curvilinear velocity were found for semen specimens stored on ice for 5 h before freezing compared with specimens stored for 1 h. Although spermatozoa cryopreserved with extender containing 10% methanol had only traces of motility or no motility at all after thawing, fertilization trials indicated that their fertilizing ability was preserved. Despite a lack of motility after thawing, these spermatozoa could have been activated by egg components, thus indicating that they could have been motile during fertilization. This possibility suggests that the motility pattern of muskellunge spermatozoa may be influenced during fertilization by egg components.
C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
Polish Acad Sci, Inst Anim Reprod & Food Sci, Dept Mol Androl, PL-10718 Olsztyn Kortowo, Poland.
US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Ciereszko, A (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 210 Kottman Hall,2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
OI CIERESZKO, Andrzej/0000-0002-1103-624X
NR 34
TC 8
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 7
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 1999
VL 128
IS 3
BP 542
EP 548
DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0542:EOEATO>2.0.CO;2
PG 7
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 351WZ
UT WOS:000089183600016
ER
PT J
AU Matlock, MD
Storm, DE
Smolen, MD
Matlock, ME
McFarland, AMS
Hauck, LM
AF Matlock, MD
Storm, DE
Smolen, MD
Matlock, ME
McFarland, AMS
Hauck, LM
TI Development and application of a lotic ecosystem trophic status index
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE
LA English
DT Article
DE nutrient enrichment; periphyton; lotic ecosystem trophic status index;
nitrogen; phosphorus
ID NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; PERIPHYTON; STREAM
AB We used the Matlock Periphytometer (Matlock et al., 1998) to measure in situ nutrient limitations and trophic status at five stream sires in the Bosque River Watershed in north-central Texas during July 1997. Periphytic chlorophyll a production from the Matlock Periphytometer was also used as an indicator of baseline primary productivity and of maximum primary productivity (MPP) in response to nutrient enrichment (nitrogen and phosphorus). The measured MPP was interpreted to represent the rate of periphytic growth when nutrients are plot limiting. We developed a lotic ecosystem trophic status index (LETSI) using the ratio of baseline primary productivity to MPP. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limitations were evaluated using a modified LETSI as the ratio of either N or P enriched growth to MPP. The LETSI is by definition a functional index, and may provide a classification tool for lotic ecosystem trophic status. Using the LETSI indices, we observed differences in nutrient limitations in the streams and detected co-limitations of nitrogen and phosphorus at two of the stream sites.
C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
US EPA, Pawnee Nat, Pawnee, OK USA.
Tarleton State Univ, Texas Inst Appl Environm Res, Stephenville, TX USA.
RP Matlock, MD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Engn, 303 D Scoates Hall, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
NR 22
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS
PI ST JOSEPH
PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA
SN 0001-2351
J9 T ASAE
JI Trans. ASAE
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1999
VL 42
IS 3
BP 651
EP 656
PG 6
WC Agricultural Engineering
SC Agriculture
GA 213AV
UT WOS:000081250600012
ER
PT J
AU Elmund, GK
Allen, MJ
Rice, EW
AF Elmund, GK
Allen, MJ
Rice, EW
TI Comparison of Escherichia coli, total coliform, and fecal coliform
populations as indicators of wastewater treatment efficiency
SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Escherichia coli; total coliform; fecal coliform; waste-water;
disinfection
ID DEFINED-SUBSTRATE TECHNOLOGY; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; DRINKING-WATER;
ENUMERATION; ASSAY
AB Escherichia coli, total coliform, and fecal coliform population data were collected from two wastewater treatment facilities, a subsurface flow artificial wetlands, and a receiving stream. Results are presented from individual wastewater treatment process streams, final effluent, and river sites upstream and downstream of the treatment facilities. The QuantiTray technique with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-glucuronide-based Colilert media was an effective method for quantifying E. coli and total coliform populations in these waters. Thermotolerant Klebsiella pneumoniae present in the effluent from one treatment facility interfered with recovery of fecal coliforms on m-FC media using the delayed-incubation membrane filtration technique; Klebsiella interference was not observed in the enumeration of E. coli by the QuantiTray technique. Both stream standards and discharge permits can be revised to apply E. coli as the indicator of fecal contamination. The results support development of E. coli-based effluent and stream standards to protect public health.
C1 Environm Serv, Util Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
Amer Water Works Assoc, Res Fdn, Denver, CO USA.
US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Elmund, GK (reprint author), Environm Serv, Util Serv, 4316 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
NR 33
TC 28
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 20
PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA
SN 1061-4303
J9 WATER ENVIRON RES
JI Water Environ. Res.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1999
VL 71
IS 3
BP 332
EP 339
DI 10.2175/106143098X121752
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water
Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater
Biology; Water Resources
GA 201JN
UT WOS:000080591800011
ER
PT J
AU Kligerman, AD
Erexson, GL
AF Kligerman, AD
Erexson, GL
TI An evaluation of the feasibility of using cytogenetic damage as a
biomarker for alachlor exposure
SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE alachlor; herbicide; blood lymphocyte
ID COMMERCIAL PESTICIDE APPLICATORS; CULTURED HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; DNA ADDUCT
FORMATION; HERBICIDES ALACHLOR; X-RADIATION; METABOLITES; MICRONUCLEI;
2-CHLORO-N-(2,6-DIETHYLPHENYL)ACETAMIDE; GENOTOXICITY; CELLS
AB Alachlor is a widely used herbicide for which there is significant human exposure, principally through groundwater contamination and inhalation. Because alachlor is purported to be carcinogenic and mutagenic, we initiated studies to determine if induced cytogenetic damage could be used as a biomarker for exposure to this herbicide. Both isolated and whole blood human lymphocytes were exposed to alachlor using several protocols. The lymphocytes were cultured for analysis of sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberrations (CAs), micronuclei (MN) in cytochalasin B-induced binucleated cells, and proliferation kinetics using the replicative index (RT). In addition, CD rats were injected with either 10 or 50 mg kg(-1) of alachlor, 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide (CDEPA) or 2,6-diethylanaline (DEA). After 24 h, the peripheral blood lymphocytes were removed and cultured for SCE and RI analysis. Alachlor did induce a concentration-related increase in SCE in vitro, but neither it nor its metabolites (CDEPA or DEA) induced a significant increase in SCEs or an alteration of RI in vivo. At the highest in vitro concentration tested, alachlor induced a statistically-significant increase in MN, but no concomitant increase in CAs was seen. From analyses of our data and the literature on alachlor clastogenicity and exposure levels, we concluded that cytogenetic damage may not be an adequately sensitive marker for evaluating human exposure to alachlor. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Genet & Cellular Toxicol Branch, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NIEHS, Lab Environm Carcinogenesis & Mutagenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Kligerman, AD (reprint author), US EPA, Genet & Cellular Toxicol Branch, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Mail Drop 68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 27
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1383-5718
J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN
JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen.
PD APR 26
PY 1999
VL 441
IS 1
BP 95
EP 101
DI 10.1016/S1383-5718(99)00031-5
PG 7
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 194WL
UT WOS:000080217700010
PM 10224326
ER
PT J
AU Lin, S
Cullen, WR
Thomas, DJ
AF Lin, S
Cullen, WR
Thomas, DJ
TI Methylarsenicals and arsinothiols are potent inhibitors of mouse liver
thioredoxin reductase
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
US EPA, NHEERL, ETD, Pharmacokinet Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD APR 23
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 7
SU S
BP A1351
EP A1351
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA 226QX
UT WOS:000082033400174
ER
PT J
AU Richardson, WS
Phillips, CR
Luttrell, J
Hicks, R
Cox, C
AF Richardson, WS
Phillips, CR
Luttrell, J
Hicks, R
Cox, C
TI Application of remedy studies to the development of a soil washing pilot
plant that uses mineral processing technology: a practical experience
SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE radionuclide; mineral processing; mineral technology; soil washing;
physical separation; treatment technology; pilot plant; economic
analysis; radium; review
AB Soil washing employing mineral processing technology to treat radionuclide-contaminated soils has been examined as a remedy alternative to the exclusive excavation, transportation, and disposal of the soil. Successful application depends on a thorough remedy study, employing a systematic tiered approach that is efficient, self-limiting, and cost effective. The study includes: (1) site and soil characterization to determine the basic mineral and physical properties of both the soil and contaminants and to identify their relative associations; (2) treatment studies to evaluate the performance of process units for contaminant separation; (3) conceptual process design to develop a treatment pilot plant; and (4) engineering design to construct, test, and optimize the actual full-scale plant. A pilot plant using soil washing technology for the treatment of radium-contaminated soil was developed, tested, and demonstrated. The plant used particle-size separation to produced a remediated product that represented approximately 50% of the contaminated soil. Subsequently, it was modified for more effective performance and application to soil with alternate characteristics; it awaits further testing. The economic analysis of soil washing using the pilot plant as a model indicates that a remedy plan based on mineral processing technology is very competitive with the traditional alternative employing excavation, transportation, and disposal exclusively, even when disposal costs are modest or when recovery of remediated soil during treatment is low. This paper reviews the tiered approach as it applies to mineral processing technology to treat radionuclide-contaminated soils and a pilot plant developed to test the soil washing process. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Sanford Cohen & Associates, Montgomery, AL 36117 USA.
Auburn Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Montgomery, AL 36117 USA.
Virginia Technol Inst, Dept Min & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
US EPA, Natl Air & Radiat Environm Lab, Montgomery, AL 36115 USA.
RP Phillips, CR (reprint author), Sanford Cohen & Associates, 1000 Monticello Dr, Montgomery, AL 36117 USA.
NR 20
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3894
J9 J HAZARD MATER
JI J. Hazard. Mater.
PD APR 23
PY 1999
VL 66
IS 1-2
BP 47
EP 65
DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(98)00211-8
PG 19
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 202QJ
UT WOS:000080663400005
PM 10379030
ER
PT J
AU Serrano, J
Palmeira, CM
Kuehl, DW
Wallace, KB
AF Serrano, J
Palmeira, CM
Kuehl, DW
Wallace, KB
TI Cardioselective and cumulative oxidation of mitochondrial DNA following
subchronic doxorubicin administration
SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE adriamycin; doxorubicin; mitochondrial DNA; 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine
ID HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; NUCLEAR-DNA; DAMAGE; REPAIR; ADRIAMYCIN;
8-HYDROXYDEOXYGUANOSINE; MUTATIONS; ACCUMULATION; BINDING; CANCER
AB We recently reported the preferential accumulation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG) adducts in cardiac mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) following acute intoxication of rats with doxorubicin (C.M. Palmeira et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1321 (1997) 101-106). The concentration of 8OHdG adducts decreased to control values within 2 weeks. Since conventional antineoplastic therapy entails repeated administration of small doses of doxorubicin, it was of interest to characterize the kinetics for the accumulation and repair of 8OHdG adducts in the various DNA fractions. Weekly injections of doxorubicin (2 mg/kg, i.p.) to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats caused a cumulative dose-dependent increase in the concentration of 8OHdG adducts in both mtDNA and nuclear DNA (nDNA) from heart and liver. Following six weekly injections, the concentration of 8OHdG in cardiac mtDNA was 50% higher than liver mtDNA and twice that of cardiac nDNA, In contrast to the rapid repair of 8OHdG observed during the first days following an acute intoxicating dose of doxorubicin, the concentration of 8OHdG adducts remained constant between 1 and 5 weeks following the last injection. This was true for all DNA fractions examined. The cardioselective accumulation and persistence of 8OHdG adducts to mtDNB is consistent with the implication of mitochondrial dysfunction in the cumulative and irreversible cardiotoxicity observed clinically in patients receiving doxorubicin cancer chemotherapy. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, NHEERL, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
Univ Coimbra, Dept Zool, Ctr Neurosci, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal.
RP Wallace, KB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
RI Palmeira, Carlos/L-3390-2014
OI Palmeira, Carlos/0000-0002-2639-7697
FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL58016]
NR 37
TC 71
Z9 73
U1 1
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0005-2728
J9 BBA-BIOENERGETICS
JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Bioenerg.
PD APR 21
PY 1999
VL 1411
IS 1
BP 201
EP 205
DI 10.1016/S0005-2728(99)00011-0
PG 5
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
GA 191CN
UT WOS:000080003900015
PM 10216166
ER
PT J
AU Simpson, D
Winiwarter, W
Borjesson, G
Cinderby, S
Ferreiro, A
Guenther, A
Hewitt, CN
Janson, R
Khalil, MAK
Owen, S
Pierce, TE
Puxbaum, H
Shearer, M
Skiba, U
Steinbrecher, R
Tarrason, L
Oquist, MG
AF Simpson, D
Winiwarter, W
Borjesson, G
Cinderby, S
Ferreiro, A
Guenther, A
Hewitt, CN
Janson, R
Khalil, MAK
Owen, S
Pierce, TE
Puxbaum, H
Shearer, M
Skiba, U
Steinbrecher, R
Tarrason, L
Oquist, MG
TI Inventorying emissions from nature in Europe
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Review
ID ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; NITRIC-OXIDE EMISSIONS; TEMPERATE FOREST
SOILS; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE CONSUMPTION; CALIFORNIA CENTRAL VALLEY;
QUERCUS-ILEX L.; PINUS-PINEA L.; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS;
NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION
AB As part of the work of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations Task Force on Emission Inventories, a new set of guidelines has been developed for assessing the emissions of sulphur, nitrogen oxides, NH,, CH,, and nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) from biogenic and other natural sources in Europe. This paper gives the background to these guidelines, describes the sources, and gives our recommended methodologies for estimating emissions. We have assembled land use and other statistics from European or national compilations and present emission estimates for the various natural/biogenic source categories based on these. Total emissions from nature derived here amount to similar to 1.1 Tg S yr(-1), 6-8 Tg CH4 yr(-1), 70 Gg NH3 (as N) yr(-1), and 13 Tg NMVOC yr(-1). Estimates of biogenic NOx emissions cover a wide range, from 140 to 1500 Gg NOx (as N) yr(-1). In terms of relative contribution to total European emissions for different pollutants, then NMVOC from forests and vegetation are clearly the most important emissions source. Biogenic NOx emissions (although heavily influenced by nitrogen inputs from anthropogenic activities) are very important if the higher estimates are reliable. CH, from wetlands and sulphur from volcanoes are also significant emissions in the European budgets. On a global scale, European biogenic emissions are not significant, a consequence of the climate and size (7% of global land area) of Europe and of the destruction of natural ecosystems since prehistoric times. However, for assessing local budgets and for photochemical oxidant modeling, natural/biogenic emissions can play an important role. The most important contributor in this regard is undoubtedly forest VOC emissions, although this paper also indicates that NMVOC emissions from nonforested areas also need to be further evaluated. This paper was originally conceived as a contribution to the collection of papers arising as a result of the Workshop on Biogenic Hydrocarbons in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer, August 24-27, 1997. (Several papers arising from this workshop have been published in Journal of Geophysical Research, 103(D19) 1998.).
C1 Norwegian Meteorol Inst, N-0313 Oslo, Norway.
Austrian Res Ctr Seibersdorf, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria.
SLU, Dept Microbiol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
Univ York, Stockholm Environm Inst, York YO1 5YW, N Yorkshire, England.
AED, Madrid, Spain.
NCAR, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
Univ Lancaster, Inst Environm & Nat Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England.
Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
Portland State Univ, Dept Phys, Portland, OR 97207 USA.
US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Analyt Chem, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
Fraunhofer Inst Atmosphar Umweltforsch, D-8100 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany.
Linkoping Univ, Dept Water & Environm Studies, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden.
RP Simpson, D (reprint author), Norwegian Meteorol Inst, PB 43,Blindern, N-0313 Oslo, Norway.
RI Simpson, David/A-3313-2009; Hewitt, Charles Nicholas/B-1219-2009; Owen,
Susan/A-5051-2009; Skiba, Ute/I-6441-2012; Steinbrecher,
Rainer/A-7414-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Guenther,
Alex/B-1617-2008
OI Simpson, David/0000-0001-9538-3208; Hewitt, Charles
Nicholas/0000-0001-7973-2666; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288
NR 272
TC 304
Z9 321
U1 10
U2 79
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD APR 20
PY 1999
VL 104
IS D7
BP 8113
EP 8152
DI 10.1029/98JD02747
PG 40
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 187NV
UT WOS:000079793600008
ER
PT J
AU Burke, RA
Meyer, JL
Cruse, JM
Birkhead, KM
Paul, MJ
AF Burke, RA
Meyer, JL
Cruse, JM
Birkhead, KM
Paul, MJ
TI Soil-atmosphere exchange of methane in adjacent cultivated and
floodplain forest soils
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; NITROUS-OXIDE; CONSUMPTION; TEMPERATE; OXIDATION;
FLUXES; WATER; FRACTIONS; MOISTURE; SITES
AB The soil-atmosphere exchange of methane was measured in adjacent cultivated (corn) and forest (upper floodplain, mixed hardwood) habitats of the southeastern U.S. piedmont for a period of 3 years using closed chambers. We have evaluated the effect of the following factors on soil-atmosphere methane exchange: (1) interannual variability of climatic conditions, (2) landscape position (i.e., river levee versus terrace), and (3) disturbance ranging from intense (cultivation) through moderate (approximately annual flooding events that last from weeks to months) to subtle (approximately annual flooding of a few days duration). We found that mean methane consumption in the cultivated and forested terrace sites was <0.3 mg CH4 m(-2) d(-1), whereas the mean consumption rate in forested levee sites was about 1.4 mg CH4 m(-2) d(-1) over the course of the 3 years. Moisture levels in the upper soil (0-5 cm) appear to exert little control of methane exchange in any of the habitats. We observed little seasonal variation in methane flux in the levee sites, in contrast to results observed by others in higher-latitude and tropical forests, Our results suggest that very subtle differences in landscape position and disturbance impact the strength of the soil methane sink. We cannot conclude that agricultural development destroyed the methane sink capacity of these floodplain terrace soils because it was probably already quite low due to periodic disturbance by flooding. Limited measurements of nitrogen cycling suggest that methane flux differences observed among the different habitats are not obviously related to differences in N mineralization or nitrification as in other ecosystems.
C1 US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
RP Burke, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
NR 33
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD APR 20
PY 1999
VL 104
IS D7
BP 8161
EP 8171
DI 10.1029/1999JD900015
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 187NV
UT WOS:000079793600010
ER
PT J
AU Kahn, HD
Telliard, WA
White, CE
AF Kahn, HD
Telliard, WA
White, CE
TI Response to comment on "Comment on 'An alternative minimum level
definition for analytical quantification'"
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
C1 US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, Engn & Anal Div 4303, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Kahn, HD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Off Sci & Technol, Engn & Anal Div 4303, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD APR 15
PY 1999
VL 33
IS 8
BP 1315
EP 1315
DI 10.1021/es9920011
PG 1
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 190QC
UT WOS:000079974600029
ER
PT J
AU Lundquist, C
Frieder, O
Holmes, DO
Grossman, D
AF Lundquist, C
Frieder, O
Holmes, DO
Grossman, D
TI A parallel relational database management system approach to relevance
feedback in information retrieval
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID DOCUMENT-RETRIEVAL
AB A scalable, parallel, relational database-driven information retrieval engine is described. To support portability across a wide-range of execution environments, including parallel machines, all algorithms strictly adhere to the SQL-92 standard. By incorporating relevance feedback algorithms, accuracy is enhanced over prior database-driven information retrieval efforts. Algorithmic modifications to our earlier prototype resulted in significantly enhanced scalability, Currently our information retrieval engine sustains near-linear speedups using a 24-node parallel database machine. Experiments using the TIPSTER data collections are presented to validate the described approaches.
C1 George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA.
NCR Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Lundquist, C (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
NR 31
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 2
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0002-8231
J9 J AM SOC INFORM SCI
JI J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci.
PD APR 15
PY 1999
VL 50
IS 5
BP 413
EP 426
PG 14
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library
Science
SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science
GA 181TF
UT WOS:000079457900004
ER
PT J
AU Schoeffner, DJ
Warren, DA
Muralidhara, S
Bruckner, JV
Simmons, JE
AF Schoeffner, DJ
Warren, DA
Muralidhara, S
Bruckner, JV
Simmons, JE
TI Organ weights and fat volume in rats as a function of strain and age
SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A
LA English
DT Article
ID FISCHER 344 RATS; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; DERMAL
ABSORPTION; BODY-COMPOSITION; SENESCENT RATS;
2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN
AB The Fischer 344 (F344) rat and the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat are used commonly to evaluate potential adverse health effects resulting from environmental exposure to chemicals. They are also the most common rat strain/stock used in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. Accurate characterization of model input parameters will improve the usefulness of PBPK model predictions. Thus, organ (i.e., liver, kidneys, spleen, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, heart, lungs, brain) weights and body fat were measured in male SD rats of different ages (4 to 40 wk) and in young (9 to 10 wk) and old (22 to 23 mo) male F344 rats. Comparison of age-matched (9 to 10 wk) F344 and SD rats revealed that the SD rats weighed significantly more and had significantly higher absolute organ weights. These significant differences usually disappeared when organ weights were expressed as a percentage of body weight (relative organ weight). Percent body fat was significantly lower in the age-matched SD rats (6.48%) than in their F344 counterparts (8.67%). As expected, both body weight and absolute organ weights were significantly higher in old than in young F344 rats. However, these differences were largely reversed when relative organ weights were considered, with most relative organ weights significantly lower in the old F344 rats. Body fat as a percentage of body weight was 14.02% in the old F344 rats. When SD rats of various ages were examined, relative organ weights declined between the ages of 4 and 14 wk. In contrast, significant differences in percent body fat were not detected among the SD rats of different ages and weights examined in this study (4 to 40 wk, similar to 75 to similar to 450 g). In summary, values for physiological input parameters are provided that should prove useful in development and implementation of more accurate PBPK models.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ Georgia, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Simmons, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-74, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 27
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 7
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND
SN 0098-4108
J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A
JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A
PD APR 9
PY 1999
VL 56
IS 7
BP 449
EP 462
DI 10.1080/009841099157917
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 183HT
UT WOS:000079548700001
PM 10201633
ER
PT J
AU Noonan, NE
AF Noonan, NE
TI Interdisciplinary research at EPA
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Noonan, NE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD APR 9
PY 1999
VL 284
IS 5412
BP 261
EP 261
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 184WH
UT WOS:000079636400017
ER
PT J
AU Bartolotti, L
Kakuta, Y
Pedersen, L
Negishi, M
Pedersen, L
AF Bartolotti, L
Kakuta, Y
Pedersen, L
Negishi, M
Pedersen, L
TI A quantum mechanical study of the transfer of biological sulfate
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM
LA English
DT Article
DE sulfuryl transfer; transition state; DFT; enzyme mechanism;
sulfotransferases
ID 3'-PHOSPHOADENOSINE 5'-PHOSPHOSULFATE; SULFOTRANSFERASES; HYDROLYSIS
AB The biological process of enzymatic sulfuryl group transfer has been studied by ab initio (density-functional and Hartree-Fock) and semiempirical quantum mechanical methods. The active site of estrogen sulfotransferase in ternary complex with a sulfate donor(PAPS) and sulfate acceptor (estradiol) is modeled. The mechanism proposed in a recent X-ray crystal structure paper (Kakuta et al., Nat. Struct. Biol. 4 (1997) 904) serves as the basis for the calculations. We find that the mechanism proposed in the crystallographic paper is reasonable. The sulfonation takes place in several key steps: neutralization of the charge on PAPS, lengthening of the bridging S-O bond with no cost in energy, activation of the attacking oxygen and proton transfer from estradiol to histidine and then to the sulfuryl group. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, N Carolina Supercomp Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
RP Pedersen, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, N Carolina Supercomp Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RI Pedersen, Lee/E-3405-2013
OI Pedersen, Lee/0000-0003-1262-9861
NR 14
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-1280
J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM
JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct.
PD APR 2
PY 1999
VL 461
BP 105
EP 111
DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(98)00424-2
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 178KR
UT WOS:000079265300011
ER
PT J
AU Lay, JC
Bennett, WD
Ghio, AJ
Bromberg, PA
Costa, DL
Kim, CS
Koren, HS
Devlin, RB
AF Lay, JC
Bennett, WD
Ghio, AJ
Bromberg, PA
Costa, DL
Kim, CS
Koren, HS
Devlin, RB
TI Cellular and biochemical response of the human lung after intrapulmonary
instillation of ferric oxide particles
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID AIR-POLLUTION; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; PULMONARY MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR
MACROPHAGES; INHALED PARTICLES; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; PM(10) POLLUTION;
DAILY MORTALITY; UTAH VALLEY; IN-VIVO
AB Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was used to sample lung cells and biochemical components in the lung air spaces at various times from 1 to 91 d after intrapulmonary instillation of 2.6 mu m-diameter iron oxide particles in human subjects. The instillation of particles induced transient acute inflammation during the first day post instillation (PI), characterized by increased numbers of neutrophils and alveolar macrophages as well as increased amounts of protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and interleukin-8 in BAL fluids. This response was subclinical and was resolved within 4 d PI. A similar dose-dependent response was seen in rats 1 d after intratracheal instillation of the same particles. The particles contained small amounts of soluble iron (240 ng/mg) and possessed the capacity to catalyze oxidant generation in vitro. Our findings indicate that the acute inflammation after particle exposure may, at least partially, be the result of oxidant generation catalyzed by the presence of residual amounts of ferric ion, ferric hydroxides, or oxyhydroxides associated with the particles. These findings may have relevance to the acute health effects associated with increased levels of ambient particulate air pollutants.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Human Studies Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Lay, JC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, US EPA, CB 7310,Human Studies Facil, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
RI Lay, John/A-6380-2012
NR 61
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1044-1549
J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL
JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 20
IS 4
BP 631
EP 642
PG 12
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System
GA 186YF
UT WOS:000079758200011
PM 10100994
ER
PT J
AU Edgcomb, VP
McDonald, JH
Devereux, R
Smith, DW
AF Edgcomb, VP
McDonald, JH
Devereux, R
Smith, DW
TI Estimation of bacterial cell numbers in humic acid-rich salt marsh
sediments with probes directed to 16S ribosomal DNA
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TARGETED
OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; HYBRIDIZATION PROBES; RAPID METHOD;
DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SOIL BACTERIA;
IDENTIFICATION; MICROORGANISMS
AB The feasibility of using probes directed towards ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs) as a quantitative approach to estimating; cell numbers was examined and applied to study the structure of a bacterial community in humic acid-rich salt marsh sediments. Hybridizations were performed with membrane-bound nucleic acids by using seven group-specific DNA oligonucleotide probes complementary to 16S rRNA coding regions. These included a general eubacterial probe and probes encompassing most members of the gram-negative, mesophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), DNA was extracted from sediment samples, and contaminating materials were removed by a series of steps. Efficiency of DNA extraction was 48% based on the recovery of tritiated plasmid DNA added to samples prior to extraction. Reproducibility of the extraction procedure was demonstrated by hybridizations to replicate samples. Numbers of target cells in samples were estimated by comparing the amount of hybridization to extracted DNA obtained with each probe to that obtained with a standard curve of genomic DNA for reference strains included on the same membrane. In June, numbers of SRB detected with an SRB-specific probe ranged from 6.0 x 10(7) to 2.5 x 10(9) (average, 1.1 x 10(9) +/- 5.2 x 10(8)) cells g of sediment(-1). In September, numbers of SRB detected ranged from 5.4 x 10(8) to 7.3 x 10(9) (average, 2.5 x 10(9) +/- 1.5 x 10(9)) cells g of sediment(-1). The capability of using rDNA probes to estimate cell numbers by hybridization to DNA extracted from complex matrices permits initiation of detailed studies on community composition and changes in communities based on cell numbers in formerly intractable environments.
C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
RP Edgcomb, VP (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, 7 MBL St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM edgcomb@evol5.mbl.edu
NR 43
TC 38
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 65
IS 4
BP 1516
EP 1523
PG 8
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 183AE
UT WOS:000079530000023
ER
PT J
AU Nielsen, SL
Thingstrup, I
Wigand, C
AF Nielsen, SL
Thingstrup, I
Wigand, C
TI Apparent lack of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) in the seagrasses
Zostera marina L. and Thalassia testudinum Banks ex Konig
SO AQUATIC BOTANY
LA English
DT Article
DE seagrasses; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza; VAM; Zostera marina;
Thalassia testudinum
ID ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE; GROWTH; DYNAMICS; PLANTS; AVAILABILITY;
ENVIRONMENT; PHOSPHORUS; PATTERNS; BIOMASS; ROOTS
AB We examined two populations of Zostera marina L, and one of thalassia testudinum Banks ex Konig for the presence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM), None of these plants showed any VAM colonization. In addition, we were unable to find any literature references on the presence of VAM in seagrasses, although VAM has been found in a wide variety of submerged and emergent freshwater angiosperms as well as in salt marsh plants. if the lack of data on VAM in seagrasses in the literature can be attributed to an absence of VAM in seagrasses, it can be hypothesized to be due to the effect of low oxygen levels in marine sediments and high salinities as joint stressors, These factors have been found to reduce VAM colonization in other plant types. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Roskilde Univ, Dept Chem & Life Sci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
Riso Natl Lab, Plant Biol & Biogeochem Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
US EPA, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP Nielsen, SL (reprint author), Roskilde Univ, Dept Chem & Life Sci, POB 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
EM nielsen@virgil.ruc.dk; wiang.cathleen@epamail.epa.gov
OI Nielsen, Soren Laurentius/0000-0003-4309-5153
NR 28
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3770
J9 AQUAT BOT
JI Aquat. Bot.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 63
IS 3-4
BP 261
EP 266
DI 10.1016/S0304-3770(98)00123-5
PG 6
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 185HV
UT WOS:000079663700007
ER
PT J
AU Kovacs, DA
Kampbell, DH
AF Kovacs, DA
Kampbell, DH
TI Improved method for the storage of groundwater samples containing
volatile organic analytes
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLY(TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE)
AB The sorption of volatile organic analytes from water samples by the Teflon septum surface used with standard glass 40-ml sample collection vials was investigated. Analytes tested included alkanes, isoalkanes, olefins, cycloalkanes, a cycloalkene, monoaromatics, a polynuclear aromatic, and two chloroethenes. Both laboratory prepared test mix solutions and petroleum contaminated groundwater from three field sites were tested. A rapid loss of n-alkane and isoalkane concentrations (>10%) was observed within 24 h when stored at room temperature. Aliphatic losses were also observed (>10%) over a 21-day holding period when samples were held at 4 degrees C. Loss of the less sorptive analytes was demonstrated by exposing analyte solutions to greater Teflon surface areas. The demonstrated sorption of aliphatics from water samples by Teflon-lined septa indicates that the accuracy of volatile petroleum hydrocarbon determinations may be reduced by the traditional storage method. An alternative storage protocol is reported combining a lead foil septum surface and 1% (w/w) tribasic sodium phosphate dodecahydrate (Na3PO4 . 12H(2)O) preservative. This method prevented loss of the test analytes, including alkanes and isoalkanes for at least 21 days at room temperature.
C1 ManTech Environm Res Serv Corp, US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK USA.
RP Kovacs, DA (reprint author), ManTech Environm Res Serv Corp, US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, POB 1198, Ada, OK USA.
NR 15
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 3
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 36
IS 3
BP 242
EP 247
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 175GG
UT WOS:000079084600002
ER
PT J
AU Boese, BL
Ozretich, RJ
Lamberson, JO
Swartz, RC
Cole, FA
Pelletier, J
Jones, J
AF Boese, BL
Ozretich, RJ
Lamberson, JO
Swartz, RC
Cole, FA
Pelletier, J
Jones, J
TI Toxicity and phototoxicity of mixtures of highly lipophilic PAH
compounds in marine sediment: Can the Sigma PAH model be extrapolated?
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PHOTOINDUCED ACUTE TOXICITY;
ACCUMULATION FACTORS; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; BIOCONCENTRATION; CHEMICALS;
FLUORANTHENE; BIOASSAYS; AMPHIPODS; FISH
AB The additivity of toxic units was tested using sediments contaminated with mixtures of highly Lipophilic (log K-OW > 4.5) parent and alkylated PAHs. The direct toxicity and photoinduced toxicity of these mixtures were examined in standard 10-day sediment toxicity tests using the infaunal amphipod Rhepoxinius abronius, with mortality and the survivors' ability to rebury as endpoints. Survivors of the initial 10-day tests were then exposed for 1 h to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and the results compared to initial (10-day) endpoints. Tissue residues and lipids were measured and biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) values determined. The results indicated that the bioaccumulated contaminants were not initially toxic, however, they were highly phototoxic. Although the summed toxic units of these contaminants appeared to be nonadditive, additivity was not disproved as inaccuracies in extrapolating the K-OW-LC50 QSAR or insufficient exposure duration might also have accounted for the observed results. Critical body residue (CBR) estimates for R. abronius were similar while BSAF values were much larger(10X) in comparison to other studies, which used amphipods and PAHs. The phototoxicity of mixtures of contaminants were similar to the phototoxicity of single contaminants when expressed on a molar basis, which suggests that phototoxicities may be roughly additive.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
Dyncorp, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Boese, BL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Coastal Ecol Branch, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
NR 45
TC 24
Z9 26
U1 2
U2 20
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 36
IS 3
BP 270
EP 280
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 175GG
UT WOS:000079084600006
ER
PT J
AU Guo, ZS
Chang, JCS
Sparks, LE
Fortmann, RC
AF Guo, ZS
Chang, JCS
Sparks, LE
Fortmann, RC
TI Estimation of the rate of VOC emissions from solvent-based indoor
coating materials based on product formulation
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE indoor air; emissions; volatile organic compounds; model; coating
materials
AB Two computational methods are proposed for estimation of the emission rate of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from solvent-based indoor coating materials based on the knowledge of product formulation. The first method utilizes two previously developed mass transfer models with two key parameters - the total vapor pressure and the average molecular weight for total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) - being estimated based on the VOC contents in the product. The second method is based on a simple, first-order decay model with its parameters being estimated from the properties of both the source and the environment. All the model parameters can be readily obtained. Detailed procedures for computing the key parameters are described by using examples. The predictive errors were evaluated with small chamber data, and the results were satisfactory. Thus, the proposed methods provide a way to predict the VOC emissions in the indoor environment without having to conduct costly chamber testing. The two proposed methods work for both TVOCs and individual VOCs. Pros and cons for each method are discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Managment Res Lab, Indoor Environm Management Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Co, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Guo, ZS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Managment Res Lab, Indoor Environm Management Branch, MD-54, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 18
TC 17
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 10
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 33
IS 8
BP 1205
EP 1215
DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00280-5
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 169RY
UT WOS:000078763400003
ER
PT J
AU Shim, JY
Boone, PF
Richard, AM
AF Shim, JY
Boone, PF
Richard, AM
TI Theoretical study of the SNV reaction of trichloroethylene (TCE) and
CH3S- as a model for glutathione conjugation of TCE
SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NUCLEOPHILIC VINYLIC SUBSTITUTION; REGIOISOMERIC MERCAPTURIC ACIDS;
S-TRANSFERASES; GAS-PHASE; CYSTEINE; TOXICITY; CARBON;
S-(1,2-DICHLOROVINYL)-L-CYSTEINE; CONFIGURATION; ELIMINATION
AB Trichloroethylene (TCE), a major environmental pollutant, is activated to mutagenic and nephrotoxic intermediates through a glutathione (GSH) conjugation pathway. Three product isomers of GSH-TCE conjugation, having potentially different toxicities, are theoretically possible: cis- or trans-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione (cis- or trans-1,2-DCVG, respectively) or 2,2-DCVG. This study involved application of ab initio molecular orbital theory to computing potential energy profiles (PEPs) and predicting product outcome of the reaction of CH3S- with TCE as a model for GSH-TCE conjugation in biological systems. A goal of this study was to determine the extent to which a body of chemical knowledge pertaining to nucleophilic vinylic substitution (SNV) reactions, of which the GSH-TCE conjugation is a representative example, is relevant to this biological conjugation problem. PEPs were computed fur all studied species at the HF/6-31+G* level of theory; electron correlation effects were estimated at the MP2/6-31SG* and MP4/6-31+G* levels, and the influence of solvation was estimated using the PS-GVB solvation model, Multiple proposed reaction pathways were considered, including conjugation at the C-1 or C-2 site on TCE, by in-plane (sigma) or out-of-plane (pi) approach of the nucleophile. Some aspects of the MP2 and HF PEPs were found to differ significantly. However, on the basis of comparison of activation barriers, calculations at all levels of theory predict preference for Ca conjugation over C1 conjugation and formation of the trans-1,2-DCVM product over the cis-1,2-DCVM product. These predictions are consistent with GSH-TCE conjugation results from in vivo experiments. In contrast, relative product energies appear to be a poor indicator of the product outcome for this system. Hence, theoretical consideration of the reaction chemistry in the vicinity of the site of nucleophilic addition appears to be necessary and sufficient to predict the outcome of the enzyme-mediated GSH-TCE conjugation.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Richard, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 31
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0893-228X
J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL
JI Chem. Res. Toxicol.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 12
IS 4
BP 308
EP 316
DI 10.1021/tx9802419
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology
GA 188KQ
UT WOS:000079845900002
PM 10207118
ER
PT J
AU Helmig, D
Klinger, LF
Guenther, A
Vierling, L
Geron, C
Zimmerman, P
AF Helmig, D
Klinger, LF
Guenther, A
Vierling, L
Geron, C
Zimmerman, P
TI Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions (BVOCs) I. Identifications
from three continental sites in the US
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; BOUNDARY-LAYER;
TRACE GASES; OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONS; RATE VARIABILITY; ISOPRENE; OZONE;
AIR; CIS-3-HEXEN-1-OL
AB Vegetation composition and biomass were surveyed for three specific sites in Atlanta, GA; near Rhinelander, WI; and near Hayden, CO. At each research site emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from the dominant vegetation species were sampled by enclosing branches in bag enclosure systems and sampling the equilibrium head space onto multi-stage solid adsorbent cartridges. Analysis was performed using a thermal desorption technique with gas chromatography (GC) separation and mass spectrometry (MS) detection. Identification of BVOCs covering the GC retention index range (stationary phase DB-1) from approximately 400 to 1400 was achieved (volatilities C-4 - C-14). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RI Vierling, Lee/E-6428-2010; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008;
OI Vierling, Lee/0000-0001-5344-1983; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288;
Geron, Chris/0000-0002-4266-2155
NR 71
TC 82
Z9 85
U1 4
U2 26
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0045-6535
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 38
IS 9
BP 2163
EP 2187
DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00425-1
PG 25
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 173LU
UT WOS:000078982700019
PM 10101861
ER
PT J
AU Helmig, D
Klinger, LF
Guenther, A
Vierling, L
Geron, C
Zimmerman, P
AF Helmig, D
Klinger, LF
Guenther, A
Vierling, L
Geron, C
Zimmerman, P
TI Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions (BVOCs) II. Landscape flux
potentials from three continental sites in the US
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID STATES; FOREST
AB Landscape nux potentials for biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) were derived for three ecosystems in the continental U.S. (Fembank Forest, Atlanta, GA; Willow Creek, Rhinelander, WI; Temple Ridge, CO). Analytical data from branch enclosure measurements were combined with ecological survey data for plant species composition and biomass. Other quantitative flux measurements at the leaf and landscape lever were incorporated to scale the results from the enclosure measurements to the landscape level. Flux estimates were derived by using a one week ambient temperature and light record (30 min time resolution) and adjusting all emission rates to these conditions with temperature and light correction algorithms. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd All nights reserved.
C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Dept Environm Populat & Organ Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Vierling, Lee/E-6428-2010; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008;
OI Vierling, Lee/0000-0001-5344-1983; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288;
Geron, Chris/0000-0002-4266-2155
NR 11
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0045-6535
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 38
IS 9
BP 2189
EP 2204
DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00424-X
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 173LU
UT WOS:000078982700020
PM 10101862
ER
PT J
AU McKinney, RA
Pruell, RJ
Burgess, RM
AF McKinney, RA
Pruell, RJ
Burgess, RM
TI Ratio of the concentration of anthraquinone to anthracene in coastal
marine sediments
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FLY-ASH;
TRANSFORMATIONS; PHOTOOXIDATION; PHOTOLYSIS
AB The ratio of the concentration of the oxidation product anthraquinone to that of its parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon anthracene is reported for several coastal marine sediments. The ratio ranges from 0.317 in a highly contaminated industrialized harbor to 2.81 in a remote, less contaminated site. We hypothesize that differences in this ratio result from the input source of PAHs, with input from atmospheric deposition at remote sites resulting in a predominance of anthraquinone (ratio > 1), and direct discharge to highly contaminated industrialized harbors resulting in a predominance of anthracene (ratio < 1). To support this hypothesis, the fate of anthracene in the marine environment was investigated with respect to conversion to its oxidation product, anthraquinone. Once associated with sediments, anthracene is believed to be relatively persistent; however, it can potentially be subjected to oxidation via biological (microbial degradation) and chemical (chemical oxidation and photooxidation) processes. An assessment of the extent of oxidation of anthracene associated with sediments was conducted both under conditions simulating those found in the marine environment and under rigorous conditions by exposure to UV radiation. Results of this study show that while anthracene associated with marine sediments does not readily undergo oxidation to anthraquinone under conditions normally encountered in the marine environment, under extreme conditions anthracene is photooxidized by exposure to UV radiation. The extent of oxidation is influenced by sediment characteristics such as percent organic carbon, humic acid content and sediment surface area. The relative stability of anthracene under normal conditions may help to validate the use of the anthraquinone to anthracene ratio in marine sediments as an environmental marker of contaminant source. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP McKinney, RA (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
NR 27
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 9
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0045-6535
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 38
IS 10
BP 2415
EP 2430
DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00435-4
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 173LW
UT WOS:000078982900018
PM 10101869
ER
PT J
AU Koerner, GR
Carson, DA
AF Koerner, GR
Carson, DA
TI The cover trials
SO CIVIL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
C1 Geosynthet Inst, Folsom, PA 19033 USA.
Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Koerner, GR (reprint author), Geosynthet Inst, Folsom, PA 19033 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA
SN 0885-7024
J9 CIVIL ENG
JI Civil Eng.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 69
IS 4
BP 42
EP 45
PG 4
WC Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA 183VP
UT WOS:000079575000038
ER
PT J
AU Santavy, DL
Peters, EC
Quirolo, C
Porter, JW
Bianchi, CN
AF Santavy, DL
Peters, EC
Quirolo, C
Porter, JW
Bianchi, CN
TI Yellow-blotch disease outbreak on reefs of the San Blas Islands, Panama
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Article
C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
RP Santavy, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
NR 4
TC 42
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0722-4028
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 1
BP 97
EP 97
DI 10.1007/s003380050162
PG 1
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 196EE
UT WOS:000080295400015
ER
PT J
AU Di Giovanni, GD
Watrud, LS
Seidler, RJ
Widmer, F
AF Di Giovanni, GD
Watrud, LS
Seidler, RJ
Widmer, F
TI Fingerprinting of mixed bacterial strains and BIOLOG gram-negative (GN)
substrate communities by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus
sequence-PCR (ERIC-PCR)
SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CARBON-SOURCE UTILIZATION; MICROBIAL
COMMUNITIES; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; DNA; GENOMES; PATTERNS; ELEMENTS
AB PCR-based genomic fingerprinting by use of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus primers (ERIC-PCR) was evaluated for its use in fingerprinting DNA of mixed Gram-negative bacterial strains and BIOLOG Gram-negative (GN) microplate substrate communities. ERIC-PCR fingerprints of six different pure bacterial strains and a combined mixture of the strains were compared with fingerprints obtained by two more established methods: amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD-PCR). The ERIC-PCR fingerprint of the mixed strains was highly reproducible and was more species-specific and representative of the individual strain fingerprints than the ARDRA and RAPD-PCR fingerprints, respectively. ERIC-PCR fingerprinting of model and rhizosphere BIOLOG GN substrate communities also provided clearly distinguishable fingerprints. Results of this study suggest that ERIC-PCR represents a rapid and highly discriminating method for fingerprinting DNA of mixed Gram-negative bacterial strains and BIOLOG GN substrate communities.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA.
RP Di Giovanni, GD (reprint author), Amer Water Works Serv Co Inc, Qual Control & Res Lab, 1115 S Illinois St, Belleville, IL 62220 USA.
NR 25
TC 23
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0343-8651
EI 1432-0991
J9 CURR MICROBIOL
JI Curr. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 38
IS 4
BP 217
EP 223
DI 10.1007/PL00006790
PG 7
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 177ZW
UT WOS:000079241800004
PM 10069857
ER
PT J
AU Yount, JD
AF Yount, JD
TI Biophysical assessments: who cares?
SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
RP Yount, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
NR 10
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-8009
J9 ECOL ECON
JI Ecol. Econ.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 29
IS 1
BP 19
EP 21
PG 3
WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics
GA 202BY
UT WOS:000080633300007
ER
PT J
AU Ross, NP
Stokes, L
AF Ross, NP
Stokes, L
TI Special issue on statistical design and analysis with ranked set samples
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US EPA, Ctr Environm Informat & Stat, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
Univ Texas, Management Sci & Informat Syst Dept, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
RP Ross, NP (reprint author), US EPA, Ctr Environm Informat & Stat, 401 M St, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 10
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1352-8505
J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT
JI Environ. Ecol. Stat.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 6
IS 1
BP 5
EP 9
DI 10.1023/A:1009627431759
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications;
Statistics & Probability
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics
GA 209MW
UT WOS:000081052700001
ER
PT J
AU Gulson, BL
Mahaffey, KR
Jameson, CW
Patison, N
Law, AJ
Mizon, KJ
Korsch, MJ
Pederson, D
AF Gulson, BL
Mahaffey, KR
Jameson, CW
Patison, N
Law, AJ
Mizon, KJ
Korsch, MJ
Pederson, D
TI Impact of diet on lead in blood and urine in female adults and relevance
to mobilization of lead from bone stores
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
DE adult females; bone; diet; lead isotopes; pregnancy
ID PRIMATE MACACA-FASCICULARIS; PETROL LEAD; CHILDREN; ISOTOPES; PREGNANCY;
SKELETON; IDENTIFICATION; ABSORPTION; EXPOSURE; INFANT
AB We measured high precision lead isotope ratios and lead concentrations in blood, urine, and environmental samples to assess the significance of diet as a contributing factor to blood and urine lead levels in a cohort of 23 migrant women and 5 Australian-born women. We evaluated possible correlations between levels of dietary lead intake and changes observed in blood and urine lead levels and isotopic composition during pregnancy and postpartum. Mean blood lead concentrations for both groups were approximately 3 mu g/dl. The concentration of lead in the diet was 5.8 +/- 3 mu g Pb/kg [geometric mean (GM) 5.2] and mean daily dietary intake was 8.5 mu g/kg/day (GM 7.4), with a range of 2-39 mu g/kg/day. Analysis of 6-day duplicate dietary samples for individual subjects commonly showed major spikes in lead concentration and isotopic composition that were not reflected by associated changes in either blood lead concentration or isotopic composition Changes in blood lead levels and isotopic composition observed during and after pregnancy could not be solely explained by dietary lead. These data are consistent with earlier conclusions that, in cases where levels of environmental lead exposure and dietary lead intake are low, skeletal contribution is the dominant contributor to blood lead, especially during pregnancy and postpartum.
C1 Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
CSIRO, N Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia.
US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
Univ Canberra, Fac Informat Sci & Engn, Belconnen, ACT 2616, Australia.
RP Gulson, BL (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES-05292]
NR 34
TC 35
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 1
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 107
IS 4
BP 257
EP 263
DI 10.2307/3434591
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 187HZ
UT WOS:000079782400015
PM 10090703
ER
PT J
AU van der Schalie, WH
Gardner, HS
Bantle, JA
De Rosa, CT
Finch, RA
Reif, JS
Reuter, RH
Backer, LC
Burger, J
Folmar, LC
Stokes, WS
AF van der Schalie, WH
Gardner, HS
Bantle, JA
De Rosa, CT
Finch, RA
Reif, JS
Reuter, RH
Backer, LC
Burger, J
Folmar, LC
Stokes, WS
TI Animals as sentinels of human health hazards of environmental chemicals
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
DE environmental chemicals; FETAX; health hazards; public health; risk
assessment; sentinel species
ID MILITARY WORKING DOGS; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; VIETNAM SERVICE;
PET DOGS; EXPOSURE; RISK; LYMPHOMA; OWNERS; CANCER
AB A workshop titled "Using Sentinel Species Data to Address the potential Human Health Effects of Chemicals in the Environment," sponsored by the U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, the National Center for Environmental Assessment of the EPA, and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, was held to consider the use of sentinel and surrogate animal species data for evaluating the potential human health effects of chemicals in the environment. The workshop took a broad view of the sentinel species concept, and included mammalian and nonmammalian species, companion animals, food animals, fish, amphibians, and other wildlife. Sentinel species data included observations of wild animals in field situations as well as experimental animal data. Workshop participants identified potential applications for sentinel species data derived from monitoring programs or serendipitous observations and explored the potential use of such information in human health hazard and risk assessments and for evaluating causes or mechanisms of effect. Although it is unlikely that sentinel species data will be used as the sole determinative factor in evaluating human health concerns, such data can be useful as for additional weight of evidence in a risk assessment, for providing early warning of situations requiring further study, or for monitoring the course of remedial activities. Attention was given to the factors impeding the application of sentinel species approaches and their acceptance in the scientific and regulatory communities. Workshop participants identified a number of critical research needs and opportunities for interagency collaboration that could help advance the use of sentinel species approaches.
C1 USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA.
Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
Life Syst Inc, Cleveland, OH 44122 USA.
Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP van der Schalie, WH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 8623D,401 M St SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 55
TC 93
Z9 98
U1 1
U2 16
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 107
IS 4
BP 309
EP 315
DI 10.2307/3434599
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 187HZ
UT WOS:000079782400023
PM 10090711
ER
PT J
AU De Jong, BHJ
Cairns, MA
Haggerty, PK
Ramirez-Marcial, N
Ochoa-Gaona, S
Mendoza-Vega, J
Gonzalez-Espinosa, M
March-Mifsut, I
AF De Jong, BHJ
Cairns, MA
Haggerty, PK
Ramirez-Marcial, N
Ochoa-Gaona, S
Mendoza-Vega, J
Gonzalez-Espinosa, M
March-Mifsut, I
TI Land-use change and carbon flux between 1970s and 1990s in central
highlands of Chiapas, Mexico
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE land use; land cover; carbon flux; forests; Chiapas highlands; Mexico
ID TROPICAL FORESTS; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON; BIOMASS; CYCLE; SUCCESSION;
LANDSCAPE; SOILS
AB We present results of a study in an intensively impacted and highly fragmented landscape in which we apply field-measured carbon (C) density values to land-use/land-cover (LU/LC) statistics to estimate the flux of C between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere from the 1970s and 1990s. Carbon densities were assigned to common LU/LC classes on vegetation maps produced by Mexican governmental organizations and, by differencing areas and C pools, net C flux was calculated from the central highlands of Chiapas, Mexico, during a 16-year period. The total area of closed forests was reduced by half while degraded and fragmented forests expanded 56% and cultivated land and pasture areas increased by 8% and 30%, respectively. Total mean C densities ranged from a high of 504 tons C/ha in the oak and evergreen cloud forests class to a low of 147 tons C/ha in the pasture class. The differences in total C densities among the various LU/LC classes were due to changes in biomass while soil organic matter C remained similar. We estimate that a total of 19.99 x 10(6) tons C were released to the atmosphere during the period of time covered by our study, equal to approximately 34% of the 1975 vegetation C pool. The Chiapas highlands, while comprising just 0.3% of Mexico's surface area, contributed 3% of the net national C emissions.
C1 Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristobal Casas 29200, Chiapas, Mexico.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, OAO Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RP De Jong, BHJ (reprint author), Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Apartado Postal 63, San Cristobal Casas 29200, Chiapas, Mexico.
RI Mendoza Vega, Jorge/B-1661-2013; de Jong, Ben/A-1996-2016;
Gonzalez-Espinosa, Mario/A-2499-2016; RAMIREZ-MARCIAL,
NEPTALI/D-8711-2013
OI de Jong, Ben/0000-0002-3264-2759; Gonzalez-Espinosa,
Mario/0000-0002-9766-5230; RAMIREZ-MARCIAL, NEPTALI/0000-0003-1793-0178
NR 57
TC 35
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 16
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0364-152X
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 23
IS 3
BP 373
EP 385
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 171HU
UT WOS:000078858200008
ER
PT J
AU Suter, GW
AF Suter, GW
TI Lessons for small sites from assessments of large sites
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID VEGETATION COMMUNITIES; SMELTER EMISSIONS; WILDLIFE HABITAT; ARSENIC
IMPACTS; ECOLOGICAL RISK; METAL; SOILS
C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Suter, GW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 5
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 4
BP 579
EP 580
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 178CJ
UT WOS:000079222000001
ER
PT J
AU Meylan, WM
Howard, PH
Boethling, RS
Aronson, D
Printup, H
Gouchie, S
AF Meylan, WM
Howard, PH
Boethling, RS
Aronson, D
Printup, H
Gouchie, S
TI Improved method for estimating bioconcentration/bioaccumulation factor
from octanol/water partition coefficient
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE bioconcentration factor; bioconcentration; octanol/water partition
coefficient; estimation
ID FISH; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CHEMICALS; TOXICITY
AB A compound's bioconcenuation factor (BCF) is the most commonly used indicator of its tendency to accumulate in aquatic organisms from the surrounding medium. Because it is expensive to measure. the BCF is generally estimated from the octanol/water partition coefficient (K-ow), but currently used regression equations were developed from small data sets that do not adequately represent the wide range of chemical substances now subject to review. To develop an improved method, we collected BCF data in a file that contained information on measured BCFs and other key experimental details For 694 chemicals. Log BCF was then regressed against log K-ow and chemicals with significant deviations from the line of best fit were analyzed by chemical structure. The resulting algorithm classifies a substance as either nonionic or ionic, the latter group including carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids and their salts, and quaternary N compounds. Log BCF for nonionics is estimated from log K-ow and a series of correction factors if applicable; different equations apply for log K-ow 1.0 to 7.0 and >7.0. For ionics, chemicals are categorized by log K-ow and a log BCF in the range 0.5 to 1.75 is assigned. Organometallics, nonionics with long alkyl chains, and aromatic azo compounds receive special treatment. The correlation coefficient (r(2) = 0.73) and mean error (0.48) for log BCF (n = 694) indicate that the new method is a significantly better fit to existing data than other methods.
C1 US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
Syracuse Res Corp, Ctr Environm Sci, N Syracuse, NY 13212 USA.
RP Boethling, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, 401 M St SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 51
TC 223
Z9 236
U1 9
U2 71
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 4
BP 664
EP 672
DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0664:IMFEBB>2.3.CO;2
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 178CJ
UT WOS:000079222000012
ER
PT J
AU Herbrandson, C
Bradbury, SP
Swackhamer, DL
AF Herbrandson, C
Bradbury, SP
Swackhamer, DL
TI New testing apparatus for assessing interactive effects of suspended
solids and chemical stressors on plankton invertebrates
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE suspended solids; carbofuran; Daphnia magna; acute toxicity; mixture
effects
ID ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; 12 INSECTICIDES; DAPHNIA-PULEX; WATER; KINETICS;
SORPTION; SOIL; PERSISTENCE; CARBOFURAN; SEDIMENTS
AB To better predict and interpret the responses of aquatic organisms to environmentally relevant chemical exposures, it is necessary to investigate the combined effects of physical (e.g., suspended solids) and chemical stressors. One of the limitations in investigating suspended solids-chemical interactions has been the lack of an appropriate testing system. The specific objective of the current study was to develop and assess a suspended solids testing apparatus (SSTA) for studies on the combined effects of suspended solids and chemicals on aquatic invertebrates. The SSTA was designed to permit the assessment of varying suspended solids concentrations on Daphnia magna at a constant freely dissolved concentration of a compound. The system was also designed to facilitate the control of exposure variables without the need for large numbers of replicates and chemical analyses. The experiments reported here demonstrate that the SSTA is effective for assessing the combined or interactive effects of suspended solids and a chemical stressor on aquatic organisms.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Natl Biol Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
RP Swackhamer, DL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, Box 807 UMHC, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
NR 23
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 4
BP 679
EP 684
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 178CJ
UT WOS:000079222000014
ER
PT J
AU Gutjahr-Gobell, RE
Black, DE
Mills, LJ
Pruell, RJ
Taplin, BK
Jayaraman, S
AF Gutjahr-Gobell, RE
Black, DE
Mills, LJ
Pruell, RJ
Taplin, BK
Jayaraman, S
TI Feeding the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) a diet spiked with
non-ortho- and mono-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls:
Accumulation and effects
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE polychlorinated biphenyls; contaminated diet; Fundulus heteroclitus;
accumulation; biological effects
ID NONIMPACTED SUBPOPULATIONS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALT-MARSH; TOXICITY;
2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; CONGENERS; DIOXIN; FISH; PCBS
AB A laboratory model was developed to predict exposure effects in the field. Accumulation of non-ortho- and mono-ortho-substituted PCBs in liver tissue and their effects on mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) were investigated. An artificial diet spiked with a mixture of eight PCB congeners was fed to mummichogs in the laboratory. Ratios of the congeners were similar to those measured in livers of mummichogs indigenous to the PCB Superfund site, New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, USA. Nominal dietary concentrations were high (54.3 mu g/g wet body weight), medium (10.9 mu g/g), low (2.2 mu g/g), and a control. Accumulation of PCBs was consistent with exposure; however, lower levels of congener 77 were detected in liver tissue (0.2-0.8% of total PCBs) than in the spiked diets (3.3-4.6%). Significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) mortality occurred in mummichogs fed high and medium doses relative to the control. Mortality was higher and growth was lower with increasing toxic equivalent concentration of dietary PCB concentration and accumulation of PCBs in liver tissue. Mummichogs exhibited an exposure response in congener accumulation and biological effects with increasing dietary PCB concentration. Unlike fish from New Bedford Harbor, clean fish exposed to PCBs appear to have either slower uptake or higher metabolism of congener 77, indicating possible adaptation of mummichogs inhabiting polluted environments.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP Gutjahr-Gobell, RE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
NR 25
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 7
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 4
BP 699
EP 707
DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0699:FTMFHA>2.3.CO;2
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 178CJ
UT WOS:000079222000016
ER
PT J
AU Swartz, RC
AF Swartz, RC
TI Consensus sediment quality guidelines for polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon mixtures
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; mixtures; sediment quality guideline;
sediment toxicity
ID NONIONIC CHEMICALS; BENTHIC ECOLOGY; TOXICITY; CRITERIA; MARINE;
CONTAMINANTS; INSIGHTS; AMPHIPOD; TRIAD
AB Sediment duality guidelines (SQGs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been derived from a variety of laboratory, field, and theoretical foundations. They include the screening level concentration, effects ranges-low and-median, equilibrium partitioning concentrations, apparent effects threshold, Sigma PAH model, and threshold and probable effects levels. The resolution of controversial differences among the PAH SQGs lies in an understanding of the effects of mixtures. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons virtually always occur in field-collected sediment as a complex mixture of covarying compounds. When expressed as a mixture concentration. that is, total PAH (TPAH), the guidelines form three clusters that were intended in their original derivations to represent threshold (TEC = 290 mu g/g organic carbon [OC]), median (MEC = 1.800 mu g/g OC). and extreme (EEC = 10.000 mu g/g OC) effects concentrations. The TEC/MEC/EEC consensus guidelines provide a unifying synthesis of other SQGs, reflect causal rather than correlative effects. account for mixtures, and predict sediment toxicity and benthic community perturbations at sites of PAH contamination. The TEC offers the most useful SQG because PAW mixtures are unlikely to cause adverse effects on benthic ecosystems below the TEC.
C1 US EPA, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Swartz, RC (reprint author), POB 397, Placida, FL 33946 USA.
EM swartz@ewol.com
NR 38
TC 132
Z9 147
U1 3
U2 24
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 4
BP 780
EP 787
DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0780:CSQGFP>2.3.CO;2
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 178CJ
UT WOS:000079222000026
ER
PT J
AU Suter, GW
AF Suter, GW
TI Developing conceptual models for complex ecological risk assessments
SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE problem formulation; multi-stressor; causality
AB Conceptual models are representations of the assumed relationship between sources and effects. They serve three important purposes. (1) Their creation compels assessors to think through and clarify their assumptions concerning the activities being assessed. (2) They serve as a communication tool for conveying those assumptions to risk managers and stakeholders. (3) They provide a basis for organizing and conducting the risk assessment. Conceptual models for risk assessments off chemical contaminants have not been problematical because they simply portray the flow of the contaminant from a source to a receptor that experiences toxic effects. However, ecological risk assessments must increasingly deal with direct and indirect effects on multiple endpoint receptors and with multiple complex activities including both physical effects and toxic effects. This complexity may result in conceptual models that are incomplete, ambiguous, or simply too complex to be understood. This paper presents a strategy for creating conceptual models for complex ecological risk assessments that are not only complete but also clear and comprehensible. The strategy also promotes efficiency by creating modular component models for activities, sites, and receptors that can be reused in different combinations in different assessments.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Suter, GW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, MS-117,26 W Martin Luthr King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 9
TC 25
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 9
PU CRC PRESS INC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
USA
SN 1080-7039
J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS
JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 5
IS 2
BP 375
EP 396
PG 22
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 194WE
UT WOS:000080217100014
ER
PT J
AU Suter, GW
AF Suter, GW
TI A framework for assessment of ecological risks from multiple activities
SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE programmatic assessment; framework; integrated assessment; multistressor
ID LIFE
AB The standard framework for ecological risk assessment does not explicitly address multiple activities. Although this has not prevented its use for assessments of risks from multiple agents, the routine assessment of complex programs or of multiple agents acting on a site, watershed or region would be aided by use of a framework that is designed for that purpose. The framework proposed in this paper is modular with respect to the individual activities which makes the assessment more manageable and more efficient when the same activities are addressed in multiple programs or at multiple sites. It explicitly allows for analysis of indirect effects in terms of causal chains. It includes links to other risk assessments for which changes in ecological conditions are the hazardous agent. For example, changes in ecological condition may create risks to agricultural economies or to the cultural resource values of a site. Finally, the framework includes a standard approach to estimating the combined effects of the multiple agents acting on a receptor.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Suter, GW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, MS-117,26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 21
TC 18
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 3
PU CRC PRESS INC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
USA
SN 1080-7039
J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS
JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 5
IS 2
BP 397
EP 413
PG 17
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 194WE
UT WOS:000080217100015
ER
PT J
AU Ghio, AJ
Stoneheurner, J
McGee, JK
Kinsey, JS
AF Ghio, AJ
Stoneheurner, J
McGee, JK
Kinsey, JS
TI Sulfate content correlates with iron concentrations in ambient air
pollution particles
SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; METAL IONS; AEROSOLS; CHEMISTRY;
EXPOSURE; ATMOSPHERE; MORTALITY; IRON(III); DROPLETS
AB Current levels of air pollution particles in American cities can increase human mortality. Both the mechanism of injury and the responsible components are nor known. We have postulated that injury following air pollution particle exposure is produced through a generation of oxygen-based free radicals catalyzed by metals present in the particles. As a result of its abundance in the atmosphere, sulfate appears to potentially be the most successful ligand to complex metal cations. We tested the hypothesis that iii some portion of iron in ambient air pollution particles is present as sulfate and (2) this relationship between iron and sulfate results from the capacity of the latter to function as a ligand to mobilize the metal from the oxide. Concentrations of sulfate and iron in acid extracts of 20 filters (total suspended particles) from Utah were measured using inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. In vitro oxidant generation was also measured using thiobarbituric acid-reactive products of deoxyribose. There were significant correlations between sulfate content iron concentrations, and oxidant generation. Agitation of calcium sulfate with iron(III) oxide produced concentrations of water-soluble, catalytically active iron. We conclude that some portion of iron in the atmosphere is present as a sulfate. This relationship between sulfate and iron concentrations is likely the product of SO42- functioning as a ligand for the meal after its mobilization from an oxide by photoreduction. There were also associations between sulfate content, iron concentrations, and oxidant generation. However, sulfates had no capacity to support electron transport unless they were present with iron.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Clin Res Branch, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Clin Res Branch, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RI Kinsey, John/A-8335-2009
NR 39
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0895-8378
J9 INHAL TOXICOL
JI Inhal. Toxicol.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 11
IS 4
BP 293
EP 307
PG 15
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 189MH
UT WOS:000079908500002
PM 10380171
ER
PT J
AU Stanton, ME
AF Stanton, ME
TI Pavlovian conditioning of the eyeblink reflex in the developing rat: A
multiple memory systems perspective
SO INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM
PI PISCATAWAY
PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA
SN 1053-881X
J9 INTEGR PHYS BEH SCI
JI Integr. Physiol. Behav. Sci.
PD APR-JUN
PY 1999
VL 34
IS 2
BP 136
EP 136
PG 1
WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences
SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 230BA
UT WOS:000082230200045
ER
PT J
AU Odom, R
Regli, S
Messner, M
Cromwell, J
Javdan, M
AF Odom, R
Regli, S
Messner, M
Cromwell, J
Javdan, M
TI Benefit-cost analysis of the stage 1D/DBP rule
SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS; BLADDER-CANCER; DRINKING-WATER; RISK
AB In 1992-93, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Advisory Committee Act (FACA)to develops consensus convened a negotiated rulemaking process under the Federal approach to simultaneously addressing potential health risks posed by disinfection by-products (DBPs) and waterborne pathogens. The fact that inadvertent risk-risk tradeoffs might be made between protection from DBPs and protection from microbial pathogens complicates the process. It is further complicated by uncertainties that affect the assessment of both risks. The regulatory-negotiations committee devised a staged approach to regulation that a second FACA committee finalized in 1996-97. This article summarizes the DBPs side of the benefit-cost analysis that was developed during these processes and later refined by USEPA to more fully address uncertainties regarding the rule's benefits.
C1 Cadmus Grp Inc, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA.
US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
Hagler Bailly Serv Inc, Arlington, VA 22209 USA.
RP Odom, R (reprint author), Cadmus Grp Inc, 4900 Seminary Rd,Suite 600, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA.
NR 15
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC
PI DENVER
PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA
SN 0003-150X
J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS
JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 91
IS 4
BP 137
EP 147
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA 190GP
UT WOS:000079954700017
ER
PT J
AU Regli, S
Odom, R
Cromwell, J
Lustic, M
Blank, V
AF Regli, S
Odom, R
Cromwell, J
Lustic, M
Blank, V
TI Benefits and costs of the IESWTR
SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; WATER; OUTBREAK; GIARDIA
AB Like the Stage 1 Disinfectants/Disinfection By-products Rule, the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR) grew out of the negotiated rulemaking the US Environmental Protection Agency convened in 1992-93 under the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA). The rulemaking sought to develop a consensus approach to simultaneously addressing potential health risks posed by disinfection by-products (DBPs) and waterborne pathogens. Even though the process was complicated by (1) the possibility of malting inadvertent risk-risk tradeoffs between protection from DBPs and protection from pathogens and (2) uncertainties affecting the assessment of both risks, the regulatory-negotiations committee was able to devise a well-balanced, staged approach to regulation. A second FACA committee finalized the approach in 1996-97. This article summarizes the microbial side of the benefit-cost analysis and the explicit uncertainty analysis that was used to inform the shareholders and the negotiators.
C1 US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
Hagler Bailly Serv Inc, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA.
SAIC Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA.
RP Regli, S (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, 401 M St SW,Mail Code 4607, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 20
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC
PI DENVER
PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA
SN 0003-150X
J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS
JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 91
IS 4
BP 148
EP 158
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA 190GP
UT WOS:000079954700018
ER
PT J
AU McKiernan, JW
Creed, JT
Brockhoff, CA
Caruso, JA
Lorenzana, RM
AF McKiernan, JW
Creed, JT
Brockhoff, CA
Caruso, JA
Lorenzana, RM
TI A comparison of automated and traditional methods for the extraction of
arsenicals from fish
SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY;
ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; MARINE ORGANISMS; HYDRIDE GENERATION;
SEAFOOD PRODUCTS; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SPECIATION; SEPARATOR; ELEMENTS
AB An automated extractor employing accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) has been compared with a traditional sonication method of extraction for the extraction of arsenicals from fish tissue. Four different species of fish and a standard reference material, DORM-2, were subjected to both extraction methods. Arsenicals that were extracted with 50% (m/m) methanol-18 M Omega water were speciated with chromatographic separation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) detection. Both extraction methods produced extraction efficiencies of greater than 71% with RSDs on replicates of less than 5.5%. The chromatographic separation employed a PRP-X100 anion exchange column. An ammonium nitrate and ammonium carbonate buffer at pH 9.0 was used to resolve five arsenicals. The speciation data indicates that the predominant species were arsenobetaine and arsenocholine. Two unknown arsenic species were present in most of the samples. The two extraction techniques produce similar relative distribution of arsenobetaine-arsenocholine (AsB-AsC) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) with relative area distributions of > 95% and <2%, respectively.
C1 US EPA, Natl Expos Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA.
RP McKiernan, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Expos Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RI Creed, John/A-9187-2009
NR 29
TC 81
Z9 84
U1 1
U2 7
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0267-9477
J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM
JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 14
IS 4
BP 607
EP 613
DI 10.1039/a808824a
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy
SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA 188GY
UT WOS:000079839500015
ER
PT J
AU Gonzalez, MA
Howell, SG
Sikdar, SK
AF Gonzalez, MA
Howell, SG
Sikdar, SK
TI Photocatalytic selective oxidation of hydrocarbons in the aqueous phase
SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE green chemistry; photocatalysis; hydrocarbon oxidation; selective
oxidation; TiO2; aqueous
ID TIO2; PHOTOOXIDATION; DEGRADATION; OXIDE
AB The sustainable transformation of an inert alkane into its corresponding oxygenates has been the subject of intense chemical research. These oxygenates typically produced from processes using stringent conditions and materials offer disadvantages that include decreased selectivities to the partial oxygenates and by-product formation. As environmental concerns and regulations become more rigorous, the need for alternative catalytic oxidation processes that use mild or ambient conditions is increased. In this Note, the authors have investigated the use of photocatalysis as a low-temperature and "green" alternative for the direct and selective oxidation of alkanes with molecular oxygen.
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Clean Proc & Prod Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Gonzalez, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Clean Proc & Prod Branch, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,Mail Stop 443, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
EM gonzalez.michael@epamail.epa.gov
NR 13
TC 67
Z9 68
U1 0
U2 19
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0021-9517
J9 J CATAL
JI J. Catal.
PD APR 1
PY 1999
VL 183
IS 1
BP 159
EP 162
DI 10.1006/jcat.1999.2395
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical
SC Chemistry; Engineering
GA 184PD
UT WOS:000079620200019
ER
PT J
AU Aronson, T
Holtzman, A
Glover, N
Boian, M
Froman, S
Berlin, OGW
Hill, H
Stelma, G
AF Aronson, T
Holtzman, A
Glover, N
Boian, M
Froman, S
Berlin, OGW
Hill, H
Stelma, G
TI Comparison of large restriction fragments of Mycobacterium avium
isolates recovered from AIDS and non-AIDS patients with those of
isolates from potable water
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; COMPLEX
INFECTION; INTRACELLULARE; LYMPHADENITIS
AB We examined potable water in Los Angeles, California, as a possible source of infection in AIDS and non-AIDS patients. Nontuberculous mycobacteria were recovered from 12 (92%) of 13 reservoirs, 45 (82%) of 55 homes, 31 (100%) of 31 commercial buildings, and 15 (100%) of 15 hospitals. Large-restriction-fragment (LRF) pattern analyses were done with AseI. The LRF patterns of Mycobacterium avium isolates recovered from potable water in three homes, two commercial buildings, one reservoir, and eight hospitals had varying degrees of relatedness to 19 clinical isolates recovered from 17 patients. The high number of M. avium isolates recovered from hospital water and their close relationship with clinical isolates suggests the potential threat of nosocomial spread. This study supports the possibility that potable water is a source for the acquisition of M. avium infections.
C1 Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Olive View UCLA Educ & Res Inst, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA.
Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA.
US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Aronson, T (reprint author), Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Olive View UCLA Educ & Res Inst, 14445 Olive View Dr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA.
EM twa@west.net
NR 30
TC 62
Z9 62
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 37
IS 4
BP 1008
EP 1012
PG 5
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 175QF
UT WOS:000079105500023
PM 10074518
ER
PT J
AU Boufadel, MC
Suidan, MT
Venosa, AD
AF Boufadel, MC
Suidan, MT
Venosa, AD
TI A numerical model for density-and-viscosity-dependent flows in
two-dimensional variably saturated porous media
SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE beaches; interface; freshwater; saltwater; bioremediation
ID EVAPORATING SALT LAKE; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SALTWATER INTRUSION;
GROUNDWATER-FLOW; MASS BALANCE; BIOREMEDIATION; INSTABILITIES;
SIMULATION; CONVECTION; EQUATION
AB We present a formulation for water flow and solute transport in two-dimensional variably saturated media that accounts for the effects of the solute on water density and viscosity. The governing equations are cast in a dimensionless form that depends on six dimensionless groups of parameters. These equations are discretized in space using the Galerkin finite element formulation and integrated in time using the backward Euler scheme with mass lumping. The modified Picard method is used to linearize the water flow equation. The resulting numerical model, the MARUN model, is verified by comparison to published numerical results. It is then used to investigate beach hydraulics at seawater concentration (about 30 g l(-1)) in the context of nutrients delivery for bioremediation of oil spills on beaches. Numerical simulations that we conducted in a rectangular section of a hypothetical beach revealed that buoyancy in the unsaturated zone is significant in soils that are fine textured, with low anisotropy ratio, and/or exhibiting low physical dispersion. In such situations, application of dissolved nutrients to a contaminated beach in a freshwater solution is superior to their application in a seawater solution. Concentration-engendered viscosity effects were negligible with respect to concentration-engendered density effects for the cases that we considered. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45269 USA.
RP Boufadel, MC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Environm Engn & Sci Dept, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
NR 47
TC 52
Z9 55
U1 4
U2 42
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-7722
J9 J CONTAM HYDROL
JI J. Contam. Hydrol.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 37
IS 1-2
BP 1
EP 20
DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(98)00164-8
PG 20
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
GA 180QN
UT WOS:000079396800001
ER
PT J
AU Atwood, DW
Kring, TJ
Young, SY
AF Atwood, DW
Kring, TJ
Young, SY
TI Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) development in tobacco
budworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) larvae treated with Bacillus
thuringiensis and thiodicarb
SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Microplitis croceipes; Heliothis virescens; Bacillus thuringiensis;
thiodicarb; parasitization; insecticide
ID COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS HYMENOPTERA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; VAR
KURSTAKI; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE
AB Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki and thiodicarb were evaluated in laboratory and field assays to determine the effect on tobacco budworm larvae, Heliothis virescens (F.), and the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes Cresson. Laboratory trials were conducted using B. thuringiensis concentrations of 0, 10, 50 and 250 ppm and thiodicarb concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 ppm in the diet. The test using field-treated cotton squares was conducted using B. thuringiensis and thiodicarb, independently and in combination, at rates recommended for resistance management in Arkansas. Laboratory tests indicated that tobacco budworm mortality was directly related to B. thuringiensis and thiodicarb concentrations, although B. thuringiensis only significantly increased tobacco budworm mortality at the highest concentration of exposure in the absence of parasitization. Parasitization increased host mortality at all B. thuringiensis experimental rates after 6 and 14 days. Although host mortality increased linearly with increasing thiodicarb concentration, parasitization did not significantly increase host mortality over thiodicarb alone until day 14. Emergence of M. croceipes was inversely related to B. thuringiensis and thiodicarb concentration. In assays using squares from field-sprayed cotton, thiodicarb, and thiodicarb/B. thuringiensis mixtures provided significantly greater tobacco budworm mortality than did B. thuringiensis application alone. In addition, no significant advantage was determined for tank mixtures with B. thuringiensis as compared to thiodicarb application alone. However, neither B. thuringiensis nor thiodicarb, alone or in combination, caused a high mortality of early third instar tobacco budworm in the absence of parasitization by M. croceipes.
C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
RP Atwood, DW (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, BEAD, HIB, 401 M St SW,7503C, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 16
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 2
PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC
PI TIFTON
PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA
31793-0748 USA
SN 0749-8004
J9 J ENTOMOL SCI
JI J. Entomol. Sci.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 34
IS 2
BP 249
EP 259
PG 11
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 191PG
UT WOS:000080030300010
ER
PT J
AU Murphy, JJ
Delucchi, MA
McCubbin, DR
Kim, HJ
AF Murphy, JJ
Delucchi, MA
McCubbin, DR
Kim, HJ
TI The cost of crop damage caused by ozone air pollution from motor
vehicles
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE economics; air pollution; environmental policy; motor-vehicle emissions;
agricultural production
ID UNITED-STATES AGRICULTURE; ECONOMIC-ASSESSMENT; CALIFORNIA; BENEFITS
AB The effects of ozone air pollution on the agricultural sector are an important environmental challenge facing policy makers. Most studies of the economic impact of air pollution on agriculture have found that a 25% reduction in ambient ozone would provide benefits of at least $1-2 billion annually in the United States. This paper extends existing research by estimating the benefits of a reduction in emissions from a major source of ozone formation: motor-vehicle emissions. An agricultural production model is combined with an analysis of motor-vehicle emissions and air quality to estimate the impacts of emissions from six different motor-vehicle classes, at both the regional and national level. The benefits to the agricultural sector from completely eliminating ozone precursor emissions from motor vehicles ranges between $3.5 and $6.1 billion annually. (C) 1999 Academic Press.
C1 Univ Arizona, Econ Sci Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
Univ Calif Davis, Inst Transportat Studies, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Econ, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
US EPA, Environm Econ Div, Off policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Murphy, JJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Econ Sci Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
NR 44
TC 39
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 9
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0301-4797
EI 1095-8630
J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE
JI J. Environ. Manage.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 55
IS 4
BP 273
EP 289
DI 10.1006/jema.1999.0256
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 192RQ
UT WOS:000080093100005
ER
PT J
AU Walsh, MP
AF Walsh, MP
TI Assessing transportation-related air pollution in major cities
SO JOURNAL OF URBAN TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
C1 US EPA, Mobile Source Advisory Subcomm, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 19
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU CARFAX PUBLISHING
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND
SN 1063-0732
J9 J URBAN TECHNOL
JI J. Urban Technol.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 6
IS 1
BP 1
EP 24
DI 10.1080/10630739983713
PG 24
WC Urban Studies
SC Urban Studies
GA 205JL
UT WOS:000080817500002
ER
PT J
AU Walsh, MP
AF Walsh, MP
TI The Tehran Transport Emissions Reduction Project
SO JOURNAL OF URBAN TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
C1 US EPA, Mobile Source Advisory Subcomm, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU CARFAX PUBLISHING
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND
SN 1063-0732
J9 J URBAN TECHNOL
JI J. Urban Technol.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 6
IS 1
BP 47
EP 61
DI 10.1080/10630739983731
PG 15
WC Urban Studies
SC Urban Studies
GA 205JL
UT WOS:000080817500004
ER
PT J
AU Wickham, JD
Jones, KB
Riitters, KH
Wade, TG
O'Neill, RV
AF Wickham, JD
Jones, KB
Riitters, KH
Wade, TG
O'Neill, RV
TI Transitions in forest fragmentation: implications for restoration
opportunities at regional scales
SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE GIS; hierarchy; land-cover; percolation theory; scale; threshold
ID SPATIAL SCALES; ECOTONES; USA
AB Where the potential natural vegetation is continuous forest (e.g., eastern US), a region can be divided into smaller units (e.g., counties, watersheds), and a graph of the proportion of forest in the largest patch versus the proportion in anthropogenic cover can be used as an index of forest fragmentation. If forests are not fragmented beyond that converted to anthropogenic cover, there would be only one patch in the unit and its proportional size would equal 1 minus the percentage of anthropogenic cover. For a set of 130 watersheds in the mid-Atlantic region, there was a transition in forest fragmentation between 15 and 20% anthropogenic cover. The potential for mitigating fragmentation by connecting two or more disjunct forest patches was low when percent anthropogenic cover was law, highest at moderate proportions of anthropogenic cover, and again low as the proportion of anthropogenic cover increased toward 100%. This fragmentation index could be used to prioritize locations for restoration by targeting watersheds where there would be the greatest increase in the size of the largest forest patch.
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD-56, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 26
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 7
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-2973
J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL
JI Landsc. Ecol.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 14
IS 2
BP 137
EP 145
DI 10.1023/A:1008026129712
PG 9
WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 187RV
UT WOS:000079802500004
ER
PT J
AU Isaacson, S
AF Isaacson, S
TI No shame in my game: Working poor in the inner city.
SO LIBRARY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 US EPA, OAO, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
RP Isaacson, S (reprint author), US EPA, OAO, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION
PI NEW YORK
PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA
SN 0363-0277
J9 LIBR J
JI Libr. J.
PD APR 1
PY 1999
VL 124
IS 6
BP 120
EP 120
PG 1
WC Information Science & Library Science
SC Information Science & Library Science
GA 180RB
UT WOS:000079398000192
ER
PT J
AU Ho, K
Patton, L
Latimer, JS
Pruell, RJ
Pelletier, M
McKinney, R
Jayaraman, S
AF Ho, K
Patton, L
Latimer, JS
Pruell, RJ
Pelletier, M
McKinney, R
Jayaraman, S
TI The chemistry and toxicity of sediment affected by oil from the North
Cape spilled into Rhode Island Sound
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE oil spills; No. 2 fuel oil; phototoxicity; toxicity; oil degradation;
amphipods
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; 2 FUEL-OIL; NARRAGANSETT BAY;
PETROLEUM; GEOCHEMISTRY; INPUTS; CRUDE
AB On 19 January 1996, the barge Nor tk Cape spilled more than three million liters of No. 2 fuel oil into Rhode Island Sound near Matunuck, Rhode Island. The toxicity and chemistry of this oil in two subtidal sediments were followed for more than 9 months. Maximum concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediments reached 730 mu g/g dry weight (DW), Water samples taken immediately after the spill were phototoxic to embryos of the bivalve Mulinia lateralis. Total PAHs and toxicity to the amphipod Ampelisca abdita were high immediately after the spill, decreasing to background values (10 mu g/g DW and <20% mortality, respectively) after 6 months. Changes in toxicity to A. abdita related closely to changes of PAH concentrations in sediments. Weathering and degradation of the oil were followed by using ratios of PAHs, and alkanes as indicators. To distinguish effects of local boat traffic from spill effects, these ratios plus distributions of PAHs in sediments from a nearby marina were used. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RI Latimer, James/C-1632-2009
OI Latimer, James/0000-0002-6722-520X
NR 34
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 14
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 38
IS 4
BP 314
EP 323
DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(98)00151-9
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 205XX
UT WOS:000080847100021
ER
PT J
AU Simon, TP
Stewart, PM
AF Simon, TP
Stewart, PM
TI Structure and function of fish communities in the southern Lake Michigan
basin with emphasis on restoration of native fish communities
SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE biological integrity; exotic species; fish communities; national park;
refugia
ID STREAM; ASSEMBLAGES; PREDATION; HEADWATER; ABUNDANCE; HISTORY; ONTARIO
AB The southern Lake Michigan basin in northwest Indiana possesses a variety of aquatic habitats including riverine, palustrine, and lacustrine systems. The watershed draining this area is a remnant of glacial Lake Chicago and supports fish communities that are typically low in species richness. Composition of the presettlement Lake Michigan fish community near the Indiana Dunes has been difficult to reconstruct. Existing data indicate that the number of native species in the Lake Michigan watershed, including nearshore Lake Michigan, has declined by 22% since the onset of European settlement. Few remnants of natural fish communities exist, and those occur principally in the ponds of Miller Woods, the Grand Calumet Lagoons, and the Little Calumet River. These communities have maintained a relatively diverse assemblage of fishes despite large-scale anthropogenic disturbances in the area, including channelization, massive river redirection, fragmentation, habitat alteration, exotic species invasions, and the introduction of toxic chemicals. Data that we collected from 1985 to 1996 suggested that the Grand Calumet River has the highest proportion of exotic fish species of any inland wetland in northwest Indiana. Along the Lake Michigan shoreline, another group of exotics (e.g., round goby, alewife, and sea lamprey) have affected the structure of native fish communities, thereby altering lake ecosystem function. Stocking programs contribute to the impairment of native communities. Nonindigenous species have restructured the function of Lake Michigan tributaries, causing disruptions in trophic dynamics, guild structure, and species diversity. Several fish communities have been reduced or eliminated by the alteration and destruction of spawning and nursery areas. Degradation of habitats has caused an increase in numbers and populations of species able to tolerate and flourish when confronted with hydrologic alteration. Fish communities found on public lands in northwest Indiana generally are of lower biological integrity, in terms of structure and function, than those on private lands and are not acting as refugia for native fish populations. Stocking of nonindigenous species should be evaluated to enable the restoration of native fish communities on public lands. Habitat quality will need to be improved and land-use modifications decreased or reversed in order to restore or slow the decline in native fish communities.
C1 US EPA, Water Div, Chicago, IL 60604 USA.
RP Simon, TP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 620 S Walker St, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA.
RI Simon, Thomas/B-4075-2012;
OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703
NR 68
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 16
PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION
PI ROCKFORD
PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA
SN 0885-8608
J9 NAT AREA J
JI Nat. Areas J.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 19
IS 2
BP 142
EP 154
PG 13
WC Ecology; Forestry
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA 188HA
UT WOS:000079839700007
ER
PT J
AU Mergler, D
Baldwin, M
Belanger, S
Larribe, F
Beuter, A
Bowler, R
Panisset, M
Edwards, R
de Geoffroy, A
Sassine, MP
Hudnell, K
AF Mergler, D
Baldwin, M
Belanger, S
Larribe, F
Beuter, A
Bowler, R
Panisset, M
Edwards, R
de Geoffroy, A
Sassine, MP
Hudnell, K
TI Manganese neurotoxicity, a continuum of dysfunction: Results from a
community based study
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 15th International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY OCT 26-29, 1997
CL LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS
SP Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, US EPA, Natl Human & Environm Effects Res Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Ferroalloys Assoc, Int Manganese Inst, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Ethyl Corp, NINDS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent
DE manganese; neurotoxicity; environment; neurobehavioral; motor functions;
gender; aging
ID LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; FUNGICIDE MANEB; WORKERS;
PARKINSONISM; LEVEL; ENCEPHALOPATHY; CONTAMINATION; INTOXICATION;
SENSITIVITY
AB Excessive manganese (Mn) has been associated with neurobehavioral deficits and neurological and/or neuropsychiatric illness, but the level at which this metal can cause adverse neurotoxic effects, particularly with long-term exposure, is still unknown. The objective of the present study was to assess nervous system functions in residents exposed to manganese from a variety of environmental sources. A random stratified sampling procedure was used to select participants; persons with a history of workplace exposure to Mn and other neurotoxic substances were excluded. A self-administered questionnaire provided data on socio-demographic variables. Blood samples were analyzed for total manganese (MnB) lead, mercury and serum iron. Nervous system assessment included computer and hand-administered neurobehavioral tests, computerized neuromotor tests, sensory evaluation and a neurological examination. The present analyses include 273 persons (151 women and 122 men); MnB range: 2.5 mu g/L - 15.9 mu g/L (median: 7.3 mu g/L). Multivariate analyses were used and neuro-outcomes were examined with respect to MnB, laking into account potential confounders and covariables. Results were grouped according to neurofunctional areas and MANOVA analyses revealed that higher MnB ( 7.5 mu g/L) was significantly associated with changes in coordinated upper limb movements (Wilks' lambda = 0.92; p = 0.04) and poorer learning and recall (men: Wilks' lambda = 0.77; p = 0.002; women: Wilks' lambda = 0.86; p = 0.04). Further analyses revealed that with increasing log MnB (Simple regression : p<0.05) performance on a pointing task was poorer, frequency dispersion of hand-arm tremor decreased, while harmonic index increased, and the velocity of a pronation/supination arm movement was slower. An Mn-age interaction was observed for certain motor tasks, with the poorest performance observed among chose _50 y and in the higher MnB category. Differences between genders suggest that men may be at greater risk than women, although effects were also observed in women. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that Mn neurotoxicity can be viewed on a continuum of dysfunction, with early, subtle changes at lower exposure levels. (C) 1999 Inter Press, Inc.
C1 Univ Quebec, Ctr Etud Interact Biol Entre Sante & Environm, WHO, PAHO Collaborating Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.
Univ Quebec, Cognit Neurosci Lab, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.
San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA.
McGill Univ, Ctr Studies Aging, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Mergler, D (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Ctr Etud Interact Biol Entre Sante & Environm, WHO, PAHO Collaborating Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.
RI Edwards, Roderick/N-7378-2014
OI Edwards, Roderick/0000-0002-8239-5987
NR 71
TC 152
Z9 154
U1 1
U2 10
PU INTOX PRESS INC
PI LITTLE ROCK
PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD APR-JUN
PY 1999
VL 20
IS 2-3
BP 327
EP 342
PG 16
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 205ZE
UT WOS:000080850400018
PM 10385894
ER
PT J
AU Baldwin, M
Mergler, D
Larribe, F
Belanger, S
Tardif, R
Bilodeau, L
Hudnell, K
AF Baldwin, M
Mergler, D
Larribe, F
Belanger, S
Tardif, R
Bilodeau, L
Hudnell, K
TI Bioindicator and exposure data for a population based study of manganese
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 15th International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY OCT 26-29, 1997
CL LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS
SP Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, US EPA, Natl Human & Environm Effects Res Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Ferroalloys Assoc, Int Manganese Inst, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Ethyl Corp, NINDS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent
DE manganese; bioindicators; exposure; gender; environment
ID LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; DRINKING-WATER; WORKERS; BLOOD; NEUROTOXICITY; FISH
AB Exposure data and bioindicators were obtained for a study whose objective was detection of early manifestations of manganese (Mn) neurotoxicity in a population with potential environmental exposure. The study included persons with no history of neurotoxic workplace exposure in Southwest Quebec, drawn from seven postal code regions, defining a set of geographically contiguous zones. Blood samples were analyzed for total Mn (MnB) lead (PbB) total mercury (HgT) and serum iron (FeS). Drinking water samples from participants' residences were analyzed for manganese (MnW). At 4 sites, limited 24-hour high volume air samples for total particulates (TP) and PM10, were analyzed for Mn and Pb. Sociodemographic and dietary information was obtained by self-administered questionnaire. The geometric mean (GM) for MnB values (n=297) was 7.14 mu g/L. Levels of MnB in women (n=156); GM 7.50 mu g/L) were significantly higher than in men (n=141; GM 6.75 mu g/L). No relationship was found between MnB and PbB or HgT: FeS was significantly higher in men (GM 18.38 mu mol/L) than women (GM 15.0 mu mol/L). For women, MnB was correlated to FeS, with a tendency to decrease with increasing age. For men, no relationship was found between MnB levels and either FeS or age, although FeS showed a strong inverse relationship with age. The 24-hour mean levels of MnTP at the 4 sites varied between 0.009 mu g/m(3) and 0.035 mu g/m(3); intersite differences were not significant. For Mn in PM10 (MnPM10) mean values ranged from 0.007 mu g/m(3) to 0.019 mu g/m(3); intersite differences were significant. A total of 278 MnW samples were obtained, 16 from residences served by wells. The GM for MnW was 4.11 mu g/L (range: 0.50-71.1 mu g/L, excluding wells; MnW for wells ranged from non-detectable to 158.9 mu g/L. Individually, there was no relation between MnW and MnB. Geographic analysis of the MnB and MnW data by an algorithm grouping contiguous postal code zones, combined with air data, lead to definition of a geographic parameter, distinguishing two regions relative to a former manganese alloy plant, which contributed significantly to MnB. A multiple regression model was developed, explaining 6.7% of the variability in MnB (F=5.12; p<0.001); when controlling for gender, geographic region with higher levels of airborne manganese and the frequency of consumption of cereals and leaf vegetables contributed positively to MnB levels, while serum iron was negatively related. (C) 1999 Inter Press, Inc.
C1 Univ Quebec, CINBIOSE, Ctr Etud Interact Biol Entre Sante & Environm, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.
Univ Montreal, TOXHUM, Grp Rech Toxicol Humaine, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Baldwin, M (reprint author), Univ Quebec, CINBIOSE, Ctr Etud Interact Biol Entre Sante & Environm, CP 8888,Succ Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.
NR 26
TC 47
Z9 47
U1 3
U2 6
PU INTOX PRESS INC
PI LITTLE ROCK
PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD APR-JUN
PY 1999
VL 20
IS 2-3
BP 343
EP 353
PG 11
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 205ZE
UT WOS:000080850400019
PM 10385895
ER
PT J
AU Beuter, A
Edwards, R
de Geoffroy, A
Mergler, D
Hudnell, K
AF Beuter, A
Edwards, R
de Geoffroy, A
Mergler, D
Hudnell, K
TI Quantification of neuromotor function for detection of the effects of
manganese
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 15th International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY OCT 26-29, 1997
CL LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS
SP Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, US EPA, Natl Human & Environm Effects Res Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Ferroalloys Assoc, Int Manganese Inst, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Ethyl Corp, NINDS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent
DE neuromotor function; early detection; manganese; quantitative measures
AB The effect of low level exposure to manganese (Mn) was examined in 297 subjects from southwest Quebec. Blood manganese (MnB) levels as well as other possibly relevant variables were obtained. We tested equipment and analysis procedures that we have developed to quantify aspects of motor function thought to be affected by exposure to toxins, in particular, rapid alternating movements, rapid and precise pointing movements, and tremor. (1) The eurythmokinesimeter measures timing and precision of contacts between a hand-held stylus and a pair of metal targets (proximal/distal). This roughly approximates the finger-to-nose test of the UPDRS. Characteristics quantifying speed, precision and regularity of the movements were calculated, as well as multiple contacts due to tremor and an index based on Fitts' Law eliminating the effect of the trade-off between speed and precision. (2) The diadochokinesimeter accurately measures rapid rotation of the forearms (pronation/supination). Characteristics quantifying the range, speed, period, shape and regularity of the oscillatory movements were calculated, as well as the smoothness of the movement on a fine scale and the coordination between the two hands. (3) Postural tremor of the arm and hand was measured using the accelerometry-based "TREMOR" system of Danish Product Development. We used the amplitude and frequency characteristics provided by the TREMOR system: intensity, center frequency, dispersion and harmonic index. Previous studies have shown that these tests are sufficiently sensitive to detect sma II differences in performance of different groups of subjects, with indications that some characteristics are also specific to particular conditions. In this study, significant though small effects related to age and gender were found in many of the characteristics. When effects of other variables are removed, low-level exposure to Mn was found to be associated with a decrease in ability to perform regular, rapid and precise pointing movements, a decrease in ability to attain high maximum rotation speeds in rapid alternating movements, and an increase in regularity of tremor oscillations. Moreover, the effects are age-related for levels of MnB 7.5 mu g/L. (C) 1999 Inter Press, Inc.
C1 Univ Quebec, Neurosci Cognit Lab, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.
Univ Quebec, CINBIOSE, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Beuter, A (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Neurosci Cognit Lab, DS-5749,Case Postale 8888,Succ Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.
RI Edwards, Roderick/N-7378-2014
OI Edwards, Roderick/0000-0002-8239-5987
NR 12
TC 44
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 2
PU INTOX PRESS INC
PI LITTLE ROCK
PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD APR-JUN
PY 1999
VL 20
IS 2-3
BP 355
EP 366
PG 12
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 205ZE
UT WOS:000080850400020
PM 10385896
ER
PT J
AU Bowler, RM
Mergler, D
Sassine, MP
Larribe, F
Hudnell, K
AF Bowler, RM
Mergler, D
Sassine, MP
Larribe, F
Hudnell, K
TI Neuropsychiatric effects of manganese on mood
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 15th International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY OCT 26-29, 1997
CL LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS
SP Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, US EPA, Natl Human & Environm Effects Res Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Ferroalloys Assoc, Int Manganese Inst, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Ethyl Corp, NINDS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent
DE manganese; neuropsychiatric; mood; BSI; POMS
ID NERVOUS-SYSTEM; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; SYMPTOMS
AB Adverse mood effects of overexposure to Manganese (Mn) have been described in 15 studies which frequently report an association of Mn exposure with adverse effects in six dimensions of mood: 1) anxiety, nervousness, irritability; 2) psychotic experiences; 3) emotional disturbance; 4) fatigue lack of vigor, sleep disturbance; 5) impulsive/compulsive behavior; 6) aggression hostility. Only 1.15 studies used a standardized psychological measure of mood, while the current study of environmental Mn exposure used two standardized mood scales in evaluating low levels of Mn exposure and mood sequelae. The Profile of Moods State (POMS) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) were used, and results indicate that men who are older and have higher Mn levels show significant disturbances on four of the six mood dimensions. Increased scores were seen in the anxiety, nervousness, irritability; emotional disturbance; and aggression, hostility dimensions relative to those who had lower levels of Mn. The BSI and POMS are useful adjuncts in the assessment of mood/Mn effects. (C) 1999 Inter Press, Inc.
C1 San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA.
Univ Quebec, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Bowler, RM (reprint author), 8371 Kent Dr, El Cerrito, CA 94530 USA.
NR 21
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 2
PU INTOX PRESS INC
PI LITTLE ROCK
PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD APR-JUN
PY 1999
VL 20
IS 2-3
BP 367
EP 378
PG 12
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 205ZE
UT WOS:000080850400021
PM 10385897
ER
PT J
AU Hudnell, HK
AF Hudnell, HK
TI Effects from environmental Mn exposures: A review of the evidence from
non-occupational exposure studies
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 15th International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY OCT 26-29, 1997
CL LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS
SP Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, US EPA, Natl Human & Environm Effects Res Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Ferroalloys Assoc, Int Manganese Inst, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Ethyl Corp, NINDS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent
DE manganese; environmental exposure; Parkinson's disease; postural
stability; biologically-based dose-response model; human-health risk
assessment
ID IDIOPATHIC PARKINSONS-DISEASE; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; BLOOD
MANGANESE LEVELS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE;
CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; DRINKING-WATER; LIVER-DISEASE;
BASAL GANGLIA
AB Objective: The risk posed to human health by environmental manganese exposure is unknown. Occupational-exposure outcomes may not extrapolate to environmental exposures due to the healthy worker effect and differences in dosage parameters which may affect the biological response. This paper attempts to combine the existing literature on non-occupational Mn exposures with results from our current study in SW Quebec on environmental Mn exposure (Mergler et al., this issue) within the framework of a biologically-based, dose-response (BBDR) model. BBDR Model: The basic BBDR model consists of seven stages relating exposure to health effects. The stages are: 1) sources, 2) applied dose, 3) absorbed dose, 4) target-site dose, 5) toxic event, 6) measurable change, and 7) health outcome. Results: Several air monitoring programs, such as the PTEAM study (Riverside, CA, 1990, mean PM10 Mn outdoor-airborne 24h average=0.045 mu g/m(3)) provided data relevant to the estimation of Mn applied dose, but did not include measures of body burden. Data from the SW Quebec study showed a mean total particulate airborne Mn concentration of 0.022 mu g/m(3) with a range of 0.009 to 0.035 mu g/m(3) across four sampling sites, whereas the EPA reference concentration (RfC) is 0.05 mu g/m(3). EPA has considered tap water levels to be safe below 200 mu g/l Mn, and mean Mn tap-water (MnW) level in the participants' homes was 6.38+/-11.95 mu g/l with a range from 0.1 to 158.9 mu g/l Mn. A previous study of MnW exposure in Greece reported Mn levels in areas with low, medium and high MnW ranging from 4 to 2,300 mu g/l and a significant association with Mn in hair but not Mn in blood (MnB). The mean absorbed dose of the SW Quebec study participants, as indicated by MnB, was 7.5+/-2.3 mu g/l with a range of 2.5 to 15.9 mu g/l. Our study and others on environmental Mn exposure did not provide an estimate of target-site dose. However, a significant correlation (r=0.65) between MnB and signal intensify in TI-weighted MRI images has been reported in liver-disease patients with Parkinson-like signs who had MnB levels as low as 6.6 mu g/l. Only animal and in vitro studies ha ve provided evidence on the mechanisms of toxicity caused by Mn in the CNS. Several studies reported measurable changes in endpoints suggestive of a Parkinson-like syndrome in subjects with MnB levels ranging from 7.5 to 25.0 mu g/l. Among other effects on neurobehavioral function observed in the current study was a significant relationship between MnB and the direction and speed of body-sway in men. The effects observed in these participants are sub-clinical and no health outcomes have been diagnosed. However, the Parkinson's disease incidence in the study area was previously reported to be 2-5 times higher than in the rest of Quebec, and several studies indicate that 25-35% of idiopathic Parkinson disease diagnoses are incorrect. Our study, the Greek study, and some clinical studies suggest that the risk of a Parkinson-like syndrome diagnosis may increase with continued Mn exposure and aging. Conclusion: The limited data available for the BBDR model point to the need for evidence, particularly on relationships between Mn species, exposure route, MnB with chronic environmental exposure, ageing, and susceptibility factors, to improve human-health risk assessments for chronic, environmental Mn exposure. (C) 1999 Inter Press, Inc.
C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Hudnell, HK (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-74B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 117
TC 87
Z9 93
U1 1
U2 13
PU INTOX PRESS INC
PI LITTLE ROCK
PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD APR-JUN
PY 1999
VL 20
IS 2-3
BP 379
EP 397
PG 19
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 205ZE
UT WOS:000080850400022
PM 10385898
ER
PT J
AU Davis, JM
AF Davis, JM
TI Inhalation health risks of manganese: An EPA perspective
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 15th International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY OCT 26-29, 1997
CL LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS
SP Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, US EPA, Natl Human & Environm Effects Res Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Ferroalloys Assoc, Int Manganese Inst, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Ethyl Corp, NINDS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent
DE manganese; MMT; inhalation reference concentration; exposure assessment;
health risk characterization; research needs
ID NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RAT-BRAIN; WORKERS; DOPAMINE; EXPOSURE; TRICARBONYL;
REGIONS; DUST
AB In 1994, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) denied a petition by Ethyl Corporation to allow the use of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) in unleaded gasoline, because of health concerns related to the inhalation of manganese (Mn) particulate emissions from combusted MMT: Although Ethyl successfully challenged EPA's denial of the petition on legal grounds, issues raised in EPA's health risk assessment have not been resolved to date. This paper summarizes features of the EPA health risk characterization, which included the use of various statistical techniques to derive several estimates of inhalation reference concentration (RfC) values for Mn as alternatives to the established value of 0.05 mu g Mn/m(3). An exposure assessment projected distributions of personal exposure levels to particulate Mn if MMT were used in all unleaded gasoline. If was estimated that exposure levels of 5-10% of the modeled population might exceed a possible alternative RfC value of 0.1 mu g Mn/m(3). However, due to data limitations, the risk characterization for Mn/MMT could raise only qualitative concerns about potential public health impacts and was unable to provide a quantitative estimate of risk. To improve the risk characterization, better information on Mn/MMT population exposures and health effects is needed. Much of this information is expected to be obtained under provisions of Section 211 of the Clean Air Act. Among the specific issues that remain to be resolved are the form or forms of Mn emitted from the combustion of MMT in gasoline and the potentially different toxic properties of Mn in different forms. (C) 1999 Inter Press, Inc.
C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment RTP MD52, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Davis, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment RTP MD52, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RI Davis, J Michael/B-3337-2009
NR 36
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 3
PU INTOX PRESS INC
PI LITTLE ROCK
PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD APR-JUN
PY 1999
VL 20
IS 2-3
BP 511
EP 518
PG 8
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 205ZE
UT WOS:000080850400033
PM 10385909
ER
PT J
AU Katoh, T
Kaneko, S
Takasawa, S
Nagata, N
Inatomi, H
Ikemura, K
Itoh, H
Matsumoto, T
Kawamoto, T
Bell, DA
AF Katoh, T
Kaneko, S
Takasawa, S
Nagata, N
Inatomi, H
Ikemura, K
Itoh, H
Matsumoto, T
Kawamoto, T
Bell, DA
TI Human glutathione S-transferase P1 polymorphism and susceptibility to
smoking related epithelial cancer; oral, lung, gastric, colorectal and
urothelial cancer
SO PHARMACOGENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE cancer susceptibility; glutathione S-transferase P1-1; polymorphism;
oral cancer
ID SUPERGENE FAMILY; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXPRESSION; GENOTYPES; JAPANESE;
TOBACCO; TISSUE; MEN
AB The A/G polymorphism at nucleotide 313 in the glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1) gene was examined in patients with different types of smoking-related cancers (oral, lung, gastric, colorectal and urothelial cancers) and healthy control individuals. This polymorphism results in an amino acid substitution from isoleucine to valine at residue 105, which reduces catalytic activity of the enzyme. In control individuals, 23.8% of individuals had GSTP1 AG or GG genotype. This rose to 37.3% [n = 83, odds ratio = 1.93 (1.05-3.58), P = 0.035] in oral cancer patients. No increase in the frequency of the GSTP1 AG or GG genotype was obtained in lung, gastric, colorectal or urothelial cancers in this Japanese population. After grouping by smoking status, no consistent difference was observed between smoking patients and corresponding control individuals for the frequency of the GSTP1 A/G polymorphism for any cancer. However, a moderate risk (odds ratio = 2.78; 95% confidence interval 1.06-7.51) was associated with this polymorphism in the non-smoking group of oral cancer patients. The results suggest the GSTP1 polymorphism at nucleotide 313 may be associated with susceptibility to oral squamous cell carcinoma in the Japanese population. Pharmacogenetics 9:165-169 (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
C1 Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth Informat Sci, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807, Japan.
Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Computat Biol & Risk Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Sch Med, Dept Oral Surg, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807, Japan.
Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Sch Med, Dept Surg 1, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807, Japan.
Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807, Japan.
Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Sch Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807, Japan.
RP Katoh, T (reprint author), Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth Informat Sci, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807, Japan.
NR 19
TC 95
Z9 107
U1 1
U2 2
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0960-314X
J9 PHARMACOGENETICS
JI Pharmacogenetics
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 9
IS 2
BP 165
EP 169
PG 5
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology
& Pharmacy
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology
& Pharmacy
GA 216CB
UT WOS:000081422000004
PM 10376763
ER
PT J
AU Lewis, JD
Olszyk, D
Tingey, DT
AF Lewis, JD
Olszyk, D
Tingey, DT
TI Seasonal patterns of photosynthetic light response in Douglas-fir
seedlings subjected to elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature
SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on Critical Assessment of the Response of Forest Ecosystems to
Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
CY OCT 10-13, 1997
CL DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA
DE climate change; light compensation point; photosynthesis; Pseudotsuga
menziesii; quantum yield; respiration
ID PINUS-TAEDA SEEDLINGS; CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; DIFFERENT
IRRADIANCE LEVELS; GAS-EXCHANGE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; DECIDUOUS-FOREST;
WATER-STRESS; LIQUIDAMBAR-STYRACIFLUA; COMPENSATORY RESPONSES;
GROWTH-RESPONSES
AB Increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature are predicted to increase the light response of photosynthesis by increasing light-saturated photosynthetic rates and apparent quantum yields. We examined the interactive effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature on the light response of photosynthesis in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France) seedlings. Seedlings were grown in sunlit chambers controlled to track either ambient (similar to 400 ppm) CO2 or ambient + 200 ppm CO2, at ambient temperature or ambient +4 degrees C. Photosynthetic light response curves were measured over an 18-month period beginning 32 months after treatments were initiated. Light-response curves were measured at the growth CO2 concentration, and were used to calculate the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis, light compensation point, quantum yield and respiration rate. Elevated CO2 increased apparent quantum yields during two of five measurement periods, but did not significantly affect light-saturated net photosynthetic rates, light compensation points or respiration rates. Elevated temperature increased all parameters. There were no significant interactions between CO2 concentration and temperature. We conclude that down-regulation of photosynthesis occurred in the elevated CO2 treatments such that carbon uptake at a given irradiance was similar across CO2 treatments. In contrast, increasing temperature may substantially increase carbon uptake rates in Douglas-fir, assuming other environmental factors do not limit photosynthesis; however, it is not clear whether the increased carbon uptake will increase growth rates or be offset by increased carbon efflux through respiration.
C1 Natl Res Council, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RP Lewis, JD (reprint author), Fordham Univ, Louis Calder Ctr, Biol Field Stn, 53 Whippoorwill Rd,POB K, Armonk, NY 10504 USA.
NR 74
TC 61
Z9 89
U1 0
U2 14
PU HERON PUBLISHING
PI VICTORIA
PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA
SN 0829-318X
J9 TREE PHYSIOL
JI Tree Physiol.
PD APR
PY 1999
VL 19
IS 4-5
BP 243
EP 252
PG 10
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 181NB
UT WOS:000079446400006
ER
PT J
AU George, SE
Nelson, GM
Kohan, MJ
Brooks, LR
Boyd, C
AF George, SE
Nelson, GM
Kohan, MJ
Brooks, LR
Boyd, C
TI Colonization and clearance of environmental microbial agents upon
intranasal exposure of strain C3H/HeJ mice
SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A
LA English
DT Article
ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; BIODEGRADATION; TOXICITY;
MOUSE; SOIL; MICROORGANISMS; DEGRADATION; BEHAVIOR; BACTERIA
AB Environmental dissemination of biotechnology agents is becoming a common practice. Most applications use historically innocuous species; however, potential health effects of individual products are not scrutinized unless they contain genetically engineered microorganisms. In order to investigate possible health concerns, four surrogate microbial agents were studied in vivo. Male C3H/HeJ (endotoxin-resistant) mice were administered intranasally (i.n.) with similar to 10(7) Pseudomonas aureofaciens, Burkholderia cepacia, P. fluorescens, or P. putida. To determine clearance of the dosed bacterial strains, lungs, small intestine, large intestine, cecum, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), spleen, and liver were homogenized individually, plated, and dilutions inoculated onto selective media. Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida were eliminated from the lungs by 2 d posttreatment, and P, aureofaciens was not detected in the lungs by 5 d posttreatment. Burkholderia cepacia was reisolated from the lungs and cecum for the experimental duration (14 d). Translocation to extraintestinal sites (MLN, spleen, and liver) also occurred. Burkholderia cepacia was recovered from the MLN for 10 d after treatment of mice. Pulmonary exposure to several bacterial strains resulted in unexpected mortality. Pseudomonas aureofaciens was lethal at the lowest dose (8.26 x 10(6) CFU/mouse), while P. fluorescens and B. cepacia were fatal at higher doses (6.15 x 10(6) CFU/mouse and 1.34 x 10(8) CFU/mouse, respectively). By using the model described in this study, human safety issues can be more easily addressed and evaluated.
C1 Shaw Univ, Raleigh, NC USA.
RP George, SE (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Drop 68,86 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 43
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND
SN 0098-4108
J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A
JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A
PD MAR 26
PY 1999
VL 56
IS 6
BP 419
EP 431
DI 10.1080/009841099158006
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 177XQ
UT WOS:000079236700005
PM 10096364
ER
PT J
AU Bradbury, SP
Veith, GD
AF Bradbury, SP
Veith, GD
TI Development of structure activity relationships for assessing ecological
risks.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 108-COMP
BP U673
EP U673
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102083
ER
PT J
AU Burkhard, LP
AF Burkhard, LP
TI Design of field studies for the measurement of BAFs and BSAFs.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Natl Human & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 171-ENVR
BP U765
EP U765
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102382
ER
PT J
AU Caughran, TV
Richardson, SD
Thruston, AD
Chen, PH
Collette, TW
Floyd, TL
AF Caughran, TV
Richardson, SD
Thruston, AD
Chen, PH
Collette, TW
Floyd, TL
TI Identification of new drinking water disinfection by-products formed in
the presence of bromide.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 096-ENVR
BP U743
EP U743
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102307
ER
PT J
AU Cheplick, JM
Williams, WM
Balu, K
Carsel, RF
Mangels, G
AF Cheplick, JM
Williams, WM
Balu, K
Carsel, RF
Mangels, G
TI Recent improvements to the pesticide root zone model.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Amer Cyanamid Co, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
US EPA, Environm Res Lab, Athens, GA 30613 USA.
Waterbourne Environm Inc, Leesburg, VA 20175 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 008-AGRO
BP U61
EP U61
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148100111
ER
PT J
AU Cleverly, D
Schaum, J
Winters, D
Schweer, G
AF Cleverly, D
Schaum, J
Winters, D
Schweer, G
TI Sources of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in the
United States.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 150-ENVR
BP U759
EP U759
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102364
ER
PT J
AU Cowan-Ellsberry, CE
Boethling, RS
Graham, DG
Hansen, B
Klecka, G
AF Cowan-Ellsberry, CE
Boethling, RS
Graham, DG
Hansen, B
Klecka, G
TI Framework and criteria for evaluation of persistence and long range
transport of chemicals in the environment.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Procter & Gamble Co, Policy Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45217 USA.
Procter & Gamble Co, Regulatory Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45217 USA.
US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
Zeneca Ag Prod, Perry, OH 44081 USA.
European Chem Bur, Inst Environm, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy.
Dow Chem Co, Midland, MI 48674 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 109-ENVR
BP U747
EP U747
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102322
ER
PT J
AU Ehrlich, AM
Fredkin, L
AF Ehrlich, AM
Fredkin, L
TI Cooperative technology development and licensing with the government
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 015-CHAL
BP U287
EP U287
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148100794
ER
PT J
AU Elovitz, MS
von Gunten, U
AF Elovitz, MS
von Gunten, U
TI The effect of DNOM properties on the kinetics of ozone decomposition and
hydroxyl radical scavenging.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
EAWAG, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 049-ENVR
BP U729
EP U729
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102260
ER
PT J
AU Glass, GE
Sorensen, JA
Rapp, GR
AF Glass, GE
Sorensen, JA
Rapp, GR
TI Mercury deposition and lake quality trends in the Upper Midwest, USA.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
Univ Minnesota, Archaeol Lab, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 146-ENVR
BP U757
EP U758
PN 1
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102355
ER
PT J
AU Lee, H
Young, DR
Echols, SF
AF Lee, H
Young, DR
Echols, SF
TI Predicting the trophic transport of sediment-associated DDT to
fish-eating birds.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
CH2M Hill, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 042-ENVR
BP U727
EP U727
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102253
ER
PT J
AU Lemieux, PM
Lee, CW
Kilgroe, JD
Ryan, JV
AF Lemieux, PM
Lee, CW
Kilgroe, JD
Ryan, JV
TI Emissions of polychlorinated biphenyls from combustion sources.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, APPCD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 007-ENVR
BP U717
EP U717
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102218
ER
PT J
AU Lin, ZX
Puls, RW
AF Lin, ZX
Puls, RW
TI Arsenic adsorption on kaolin group minerals
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management & Res Lab, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 094-GEOC
BP U851
EP U851
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102663
ER
PT J
AU Liu, SM
Pleil, JD
AF Liu, SM
Pleil, JD
TI Blood extraction experiments for measuring human exposure to JP-8 jet
fuel.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 143-ENVR
BP U756
EP U757
PN 1
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102352
ER
PT J
AU Loux, NT
AF Loux, NT
TI Charging contributions to bound-site activity coefficients with the
entropic balanced surface potential model.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, ERD, NERL, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 197-ENVR
BP U773
EP U773
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102408
ER
PT J
AU Mathur, SB
McCall, D
Stubbs, D
AF Mathur, SB
McCall, D
Stubbs, D
TI Experimental use permit for the new and potential agrochemicals
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Registrat Div, Tech Review Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Registrat Div, Herbicide Branch 7505C, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 057-AGRO
BP U75
EP U75
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148100158
ER
PT J
AU Matzner, RA
Barrett, MR
Libelo, EL
Peckenpaugh, JM
Pisigan, RA
Wolf, JK
AF Matzner, RA
Barrett, MR
Libelo, EL
Peckenpaugh, JM
Pisigan, RA
Wolf, JK
TI The role of input parameters and model choice in predicting the rate of
leaching of pesticides in the vadose zone.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 065-AGRO
BP U77
EP U78
PN 1
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148100166
ER
PT J
AU Moss, KT
Boethling, RS
AF Moss, KT
Boethling, RS
TI EPA's new chemicals program PBT chemical category.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 127-ENVR
BP U752
EP U752
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102337
ER
PT J
AU Rabinowitz, JR
Little, SB
AF Rabinowitz, JR
Little, SB
TI Modeling interaction potentials as tools for understanding ligand
binding processes in chemical toxicity.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 070-COMP
BP U661
EP U662
PN 1
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102045
ER
PT J
AU Ralston, MD
Fort, DL
Jon, JH
Kwiat, JK
AF Ralston, MD
Fort, DL
Jon, JH
Kwiat, JK
TI The waste minimization prioritization tool: A computerized system for
prioritizing chemicals based on PBT characteristics.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 180-ENVR
BP U767
EP U767
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102387
ER
PT J
AU Richardson, SD
Caughran, TV
Poiger, T
Guo, YB
Crumley, FG
AF Richardson, SD
Caughran, TV
Poiger, T
Guo, YB
Crumley, FG
TI Identification of polar drinking water disinfection by-products using
LC/MS.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 094-ENVR
BP U742
EP U742
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102305
ER
PT J
AU Sasnett, S
Murray, T
Alter, J
Canavan, S
Davey, K
AF Sasnett, S
Murray, T
Alter, J
Canavan, S
Davey, K
TI An Environmental Protection Agency multimedia strategy for priority
persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) pollutants.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 125-ENVR
BP U751
EP U751
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102335
ER
PT J
AU She, JW
McKinney, M
Winkler, J
Kong, E
Petreas, M
AF She, JW
McKinney, M
Winkler, J
Kong, E
Petreas, M
TI Problems with congener-specific PCB analysis: Background contamination
and calibration.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Cal, Hazardous Mat Lab, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 182-ENVR
BP U768
EP U768
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102391
ER
PT J
AU Shim, JY
Boon, PF
Richard, AM
AF Shim, JY
Boon, PF
Richard, AM
TI Theoretical study of the SNV reaction of trichloroethylene (TCE)+CH3S-
as a model for glutathione conjugation of TCE.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63121 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 036-COMP
BP U651
EP U652
PN 1
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102011
ER
PT J
AU Shukairy, HM
AF Shukairy, HM
TI Impact of treatment technologies and DBP chemistry on rule development
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, TSC, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 011-ENVR
BP U718
EP U718
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102222
ER
PT J
AU Tropsha, A
Zheng, W
McKinney, JD
AF Tropsha, A
Zheng, W
McKinney, JD
TI A combined application of QSAR and database mining in search of
environmental estrogens.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Lab Mol Modelling, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
RI Tropsha, Alexander/G-6245-2014
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 055-COMP
BP U657
EP U657
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102030
ER
PT J
AU Valoppi, L
Petreas, M
Donohoe, R
Sullivan, L
Callahan, C
AF Valoppi, L
Petreas, M
Donohoe, R
Sullivan, L
Callahan, C
TI Use of PCB congener analysis in ecological risk assessments.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95821 USA.
US EPA, Cal, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NOAA, Washington, DC USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 183-ENVR
BP U768
EP U768
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102390
ER
PT J
AU Ware, SA
Breen, JJ
Williamson, TC
Anastas, PT
AF Ware, SA
Breen, JJ
Williamson, TC
Anastas, PT
TI The ACS/EPA green chemistry educational outreach project.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
Amer Chem Soc, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
RI Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013
OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 264-ENVR
BP U792
EP U792
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102474
ER
PT J
AU Wong, CS
Capel, PD
Rindal, DA
AF Wong, CS
Capel, PD
Rindal, DA
TI Multivariate comparison of chlorinated hydrocarbons in riverine fish
with land use land cover characteristics.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
US EPA, NERL, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 163-ENVR
BP U762
EP U763
PN 1
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102372
ER
PT J
AU Wong, CS
Garrison, AW
Richardson, SD
AF Wong, CS
Garrison, AW
Richardson, SD
TI Enantiomeric composition of chiral haloacetic acid and haloacetonitrile
disinfection byproducts in drinking water.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 048-ENVR
BP U729
EP U729
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102259
ER
PT J
AU Wong, CS
Garrison, AW
AF Wong, CS
Garrison, AW
TI Enantioselectivity in the aerobic and anaerobic biotransformation of
chiral polychlorinated biphenyl atropisomers.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 019-ENVR
BP U720
EP U720
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102230
ER
PT J
AU Young, DR
Ozretich, RJ
Echols, SF
Frazier, JD
AF Young, DR
Ozretich, RJ
Echols, SF
Frazier, JD
TI Bioconcentration and bioaccumulation of DDTs and Dieldrin near a
pesticide superfund site in San Francisco Bay.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CH2M, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA.
US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 1999
VL 217
MA 027-ENVR
BP U723
EP U723
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 176JN
UT WOS:000079148102238
ER
PT J
AU Lambert, GR
Padgett, WT
George, MH
Kitchin, KT
Nesnow, S
AF Lambert, GR
Padgett, WT
George, MH
Kitchin, KT
Nesnow, S
TI Quantitative analysis of alachlor protein adducts by gas chromatography
mass spectrometry
SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; ALBUMIN; METABOLITES; HERBICIDE; OXIDE
AB This study examined the potential use of hemoglobin (Hb)- and serum-protein adducts of alachlor as potential biomarkers of alachlor exposure, a genotoxic and carcinogenic herbicide. The method developed was based on the observation that cleavage of S-cysteinyl alachlor-protein adducts by methanesulfonic acid gave the rearrangement product 3-(2',6'-diethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-one (TZO). The structure of TZO was confirmed by mass spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and independent synthesis. In the assay, treatment of alachlor-cysteinyl protein adducts by methanesulfonic acid was followed by extraction and analysis. TZO was detected and quantitated by electron-impact GC/MS in the single ion-monitoring mode. [ring-C-13(6)]Alachlor-N-acetylcysteine was added as an internal standard prior to treatment and was converted to [ring-C-13(6)]TZO, allowing response factors to be used to quantitate TZO concentrations. Incubations of alachlor (0-1000 mu M) with human albumin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) resulted in linear adduct formation with both proteins. Maximal adduction levels of 613-1130 pmol alachlor-albumin adducts/mg protein were observed, with BSA binding close to twice that of human albumin. A linear concentration response of alachlor-Hb adducts was observed when whole blood from female CD rats was incubated with alachlor in vitro at concentrations up to 300 mu M. Maximal binding was 1860 pmol alachlor-Hb adducts/mg globin. Male CD rats treated with alachlor at 150 mg/kg body wt/day ip for 0, 1, 2, and 3 days were sacrificed 4 days after final dosing. A maximal binding of 2250 pmol alachlor-Hb adducts/mg globin was observed. This assay provides a new approach for biomonitoring alachlor levels in experimental animals and has the potential for use in humans.
C1 US EPA, Biochem & Pathobiol Branch MD68, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Nesnow, S (reprint author), US EPA, Biochem & Pathobiol Branch MD68, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM nesnow.stephen@epamail.epa.gov
NR 20
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 3
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0003-2697
J9 ANAL BIOCHEM
JI Anal. Biochem.
PD MAR 15
PY 1999
VL 268
IS 2
BP 289
EP 296
DI 10.1006/abio.1998.3060
PG 8
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;
Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 182PV
UT WOS:000079508100016
PM 10075819
ER
PT J
AU Gordon, CJ
Grantham, TA
AF Gordon, CJ
Grantham, TA
TI Modulation of chlorpyrifos-induced fever by peripheral and central
cholinergic antagonists.
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 15
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 5
SU S
BP A1058
EP A1058
PN 2
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA 228JG
UT WOS:000082132902378
ER
PT J
AU Patterson, RM
Stachlewitz, R
Garofolo, M
Germolec, DR
AF Patterson, RM
Stachlewitz, R
Garofolo, M
Germolec, DR
TI Induction of apoptosis in TCDD-induced endotoxin hypersensitivity
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
Inotek Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 15
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 5
SU S
BP A976
EP A976
PN 2
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA 228JG
UT WOS:000082132901901
ER
PT J
AU Rezvani, AH
Padnos, B
Becker, P
Gordon, CJ
AF Rezvani, AH
Padnos, B
Becker, P
Gordon, CJ
TI Genetic selection of rats with high and low body temperatures.
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 15
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 5
SU S
BP A741
EP A741
PN 2
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA 228JG
UT WOS:000082132900542
ER
PT J
AU Rowsey, PJ
Gordon, CJ
AF Rowsey, PJ
Gordon, CJ
TI Role of circulating cytokines in chlorpyrifos-induced fever.
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 15
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 5
SU S
BP A1060
EP A1060
PN 2
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA 228JG
UT WOS:000082132902386
ER
PT J
AU Steck, S
Madden, M
Samet, J
Kohlmeier, L
AF Steck, S
Madden, M
Samet, J
Kohlmeier, L
TI Effect of ozone exposure and antioxidant supplementation on DNA damage
in human blood leukocytes.
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
US EPA, NHEERL, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 15
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 5
SU S
BP A934
EP A934
PN 2
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA 228JG
UT WOS:000082132901657
ER
PT J
AU Monn, C
Becker, S
AF Monn, C
Becker, S
TI Cytotoxicity and induction of proinflammatory cytokines from human
monocytes exposed to fine (PM2.5) and coarse particles (PM10-2.5) in
outdoor and indoor air
SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE PM10; PM2.5; monocytes; IL-6; IL-8; endotoxin; lipopolysaccharide;
indoor air pollution; outdoor air pollution; fine particles; coarse
particles
ID RAT ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; TRANSITION-METALS; AEROSOL; POLLUTION; INJURY;
LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; GENERATION; CALIFORNIA; MORTALITY; ALLERGENS
AB Increased incidence of mortality and morbidity due to cardiopulmonary complications has been found to associate with elevated levels of particulate air pollution (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 10 mu m, PM10 and <2.5 mu m, PM2.5). Lung injury and an imbalance of inflammatory mediators are proposed causative mechanisms, while the toxic constituents may be acidity, transition metals, organic, and biogenic materials. To compare the ability of inhalable fine particles (PM2.5), and coarse particles (PM10-2.5) to cause cell injury and cytokine production in monocytes, dichotomous Andersen samplers were used to collect size-fractionated PM10 for in vitro testing of the particle extracts, Particles from both outdoor and indoor air were collected onto Teflon filters, on nine separate occasions, Each filter was water extracted and each extract assessed for ability to cause cell death, as well as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 production in human monocytes, Significant toxicity and cytokine production was induced by outdoor PM10-2.5, but not by outdoor PM2.5 or the particles collected indoors. Outdoor PM10-2.5 induced 20 times the amounts of IL-6 and IL-8 than the fine particles. Cytotoxicity was inhibited by deferoxamine, a chelator of transition metals, while cytokine production was not, On the other hand, lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) completely inhibited cytokine induction by PM10-2.5, suggesting that gram-negative bacteria and/or endotoxins are components of PM10-2.5. The effective proinflammatory effects of endotoxin on macrophages may upset lung homeostasis while metals-induced cytotoxicity/necrosis may set up inflammation independent of macrophage-derived cytokines. (C) 1999 Academic Press.
C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Hyg & Appl Physiol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
US EPA, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Monn, C (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Hyg & Appl Physiol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
NR 34
TC 230
Z9 238
U1 8
U2 65
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0041-008X
J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM
JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
PD MAR 15
PY 1999
VL 155
IS 3
BP 245
EP 252
DI 10.1006/taap.1998.8591
PG 8
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 183AY
UT WOS:000079532100005
PM 10079210
ER
PT J
AU Birnbaum, LS
Richardson, VM
Alcasey, SK
Blanton, J
Walker, NJ
Lucier, GW
Lindros, KO
Santostefano, MJ
AF Birnbaum, LS
Richardson, VM
Alcasey, SK
Blanton, J
Walker, NJ
Lucier, GW
Lindros, KO
Santostefano, MJ
TI Localization of tcdd and effects on gene expression in isolated
hepatocytes
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Helsinki, Finland.
Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 12
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 4
SU S
BP A154
EP A154
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA 226QW
UT WOS:000082033300887
ER
PT J
AU Blood-Siegfried, J
Patterson, R
Dougherty, J
Germolec, D
AF Blood-Siegfried, J
Patterson, R
Dougherty, J
Germolec, D
TI A rodent model to study sudden infant death syndrome.
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Duke Univ, Sch Nursing, Durham, NC USA.
Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 12
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 4
SU S
BP A631
EP A631
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA 226QW
UT WOS:000082033303638
ER
PT J
AU Burgin, DE
Kodavanti, PS
Diliberto, JJ
Birnbaum, LS
AF Burgin, DE
Kodavanti, PS
Diliberto, JJ
Birnbaum, LS
TI Differential toxicities of two lots of aroclor 1254
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA.
US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 12
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 4
SU S
BP A154
EP A154
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA 226QW
UT WOS:000082033300891
ER
PT J
AU Jankowski-Hennig, MA
Clegg, MS
Daston, GP
Rogers, JM
Keen, CL
AF Jankowski-Hennig, MA
Clegg, MS
Daston, GP
Rogers, JM
Keen, CL
TI Zinc deficiency-induced cell death in rat embryos is associated with
increased caspase 3-like activity.
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH 45239 USA.
US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 12
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 4
SU S
BP A570
EP A570
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA 226QW
UT WOS:000082033303288
ER
PT J
AU Longphre, MV
Matovinovic, E
Li, D
Li, JD
Samet, JM
Basbaum, CB
AF Longphre, MV
Matovinovic, E
Li, D
Li, JD
Samet, JM
Basbaum, CB
TI Lung mucosal defense genes (mucin and lysozyme) are transcriptionally
activated by a particulate air polluant
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 12
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 4
SU S
BP A175
EP A175
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA 226QW
UT WOS:000082033301011
ER
PT J
AU Martin, KR
Kari, FW
Barrett, JC
French, JE
AF Martin, KR
Kari, FW
Barrett, JC
French, JE
TI Dietary N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) protects against tumorigenesis in p53
haploinsufficient Tg.AC (v-Ha-ras) mice.
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 12
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 4
SU S
BP A586
EP A586
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA 226QW
UT WOS:000082033303379
ER
PT J
AU Slezak, BP
Crissman, K
Slade, R
Hatch, GE
Devito, M
Diliberto, JJ
Birnbaum, LS
AF Slezak, BP
Crissman, K
Slade, R
Hatch, GE
Devito, M
Diliberto, JJ
Birnbaum, LS
TI Tcdd mediated oxidative stress in female B6C3F1 mouse liver and brain
following acute and subchronic exposure
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 12
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 4
SU S
BP A154
EP A154
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA 226QW
UT WOS:000082033300890
ER
PT J
AU Steck, SE
Samet, J
Craft, N
Kohlmeier, L
AF Steck, SE
Samet, J
Craft, N
Kohlmeier, L
TI Correlation between lung macrophage and plasma carotenoid levels in
humans
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
Craft Technol Inc, Wilson, NC 27893 USA.
US EPA, NHEERL, Wilson, NC 27893 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 12
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 4
SU S
BP A553
EP A553
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA 226QW
UT WOS:000082033303191
ER
PT J
AU French, AS
Copeland, CB
Andrews, D
Wiliams, WC
Riddle, MM
Luebke, RW
AF French, AS
Copeland, CB
Andrews, D
Wiliams, WC
Riddle, MM
Luebke, RW
TI Evaluation of the potential immunotoxicity of bromodichloromethane in
rats and mice
SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A
LA English
DT Article
ID TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; HOST-RESISTANCE; BY-PRODUCTS; WATER;
TRIHALOMETHANES; CHLOROFORM; INFECTION; TOXICITY; CANCER
AB In the past two decades, concern has been expressed over the potential carcinogenicity of disinfection by-products (DBPs) found in chlorinated drinking water. More recently, research efforts have expanded to include noncancer endpoints as well. The objective of the present studies war to evaluate the potential of bromodichloromethane (BDCM), one of the most prevalent DBPs, to adversely affect immune function in mice and rats following drinking water or gavage exposure. Antigen-specific immunity was assessed as the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes; responses to T- and B-cell mitogens were evaluated as a non-antigen-specific measure of the proliferative potential of splenic and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes. In consideration of an exposure route relevant to humans, C57BL/6 mice received 0.05, 0.25, or 0.5 g BDCM/L and F344 rats received 0.07 or 0.7 g BDCM/L via drinking water. In order to evaluate the effects of higher doses, animals were administered 50, 125, or 250 mg BDCM/kg/d (mice) or 75, 150, or 300 mg BDCM/kg/d (rats) via gavage. Under the conditions of these studies, no significant adverse effects on immune function were observed in mice. Despite some changes that were observed in non-antigen-specific immunity in rats, these experiments suggest that the immune system is not a sensitive target organ for BDCM toxicity.
C1 US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Bur Environm Hlth Assessment, Environm Toxicol Unit, Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA.
RP Luebke, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Immunotoxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-92, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 21
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 3
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND
SN 0098-4108
J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A
JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A
PD MAR 12
PY 1999
VL 56
IS 5
BP 297
EP 310
DI 10.1080/009841099158024
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 171PU
UT WOS:000078873200001
PM 10094244
ER
PT J
AU Ross, JA
Nesnow, S
AF Ross, JA
Nesnow, S
TI Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: correlations between DNA adducts and
ras oncogene mutations
SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; DNA adduct; oncogene; tumor
ID A/J MOUSE LUNG; C-HA-RAS; KI-RAS; STRAIN A/J; LIVER-TUMORS;
TRANSPLACENTAL EXPOSURE; ACTIVATING MUTATIONS; APURINIC SITES; DIOL
EPOXIDE; SENCAR MICE
AB This review describes a series of studies on the tumorigenic activities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in various experimental animal model systems, their abilities to form PAH-DNA adducts in target tissues, and their abilities to mutate ms oncogenes in PAM-induced tumors. The review is limited to those PAHs that do not contain nitrogen, for which ras mutations have been detected in induced tumors, and for which some information is available about the structures of the DNA adducts induced in the target tissue. in general, PAHs that form DNA adducts at deoxyadenosine induce mutations at codon 61, whereas those PAHs that form DNA adducts at deoxyguanosine primarily induce mutations at codons 12 or 13. Those PAHs that induce adducts at both bases induce both types of mutations. These correlations provide evidence for the involvement of adduct-directed mutations in ms in the etiology of these tumors. The induced mutation spectra in ras may in fact point back to the identity of the type of adduct formed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Biochem & Pathobiol Branch MD 68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Nesnow, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Biochem & Pathobiol Branch MD 68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010
OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548
NR 58
TC 75
Z9 79
U1 0
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0027-5107
J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M
JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen.
PD MAR 8
PY 1999
VL 424
IS 1-2
BP 155
EP 166
DI 10.1016/S0027-5107(99)00016-0
PG 12
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 175VU
UT WOS:000079117000014
PM 10064858
ER
PT J
AU Peters, JM
Avol, E
Navidi, W
London, SJ
Gauderman, WJ
Lurmann, F
Linn, WS
Margolis, H
Rappaport, E
Gong, H
Thomas, DC
AF Peters, JM
Avol, E
Navidi, W
London, SJ
Gauderman, WJ
Lurmann, F
Linn, WS
Margolis, H
Rappaport, E
Gong, H
Thomas, DC
TI A study of twelve southern California communities with differing levels
and types of air pollution - I. Prevalence of respiratory morbidity
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-AMERICAN CHILDREN; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; CHRONIC
EXPOSURE; UCLA POPULATION; HOME DAMPNESS; ACID AEROSOLS; SULFURIC-ACID;
LUNG-FUNCTION; SYMPTOMS
AB To study possible chronic respiratory effects of air pollutants, we Initiated a 10-yr prospective cohort study of Southern California children, with a study design focused on four pollutants: ozone, particulate matter, acids, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Twelve demographically similar communities were selected on the basis of historic monitoring information to represent extremes of exposure to one or more pollutants, in each community, about 150 public school students in grade 4, 75 in grade 7, and 75 in grade 10 were enrolled through their classrooms. informed consent and written responses to surveys about students' lifetime residential histories, historic and current health status, residential characteristics, and physical activity were obtained with the help of the parents. In the first testing season, 3,676 students returned questionnaires. We confirmed associations previously reported between respiratory morbidity prevalence and the presence of personal, demographic, and residential risk factors. Rates of respiratory illness were higher for males, those living in houses with pets, pests, mildew, and water damage, those whose parents had asthma, and those living in houses with smokers. Wheeze prevalence was positively associated with levels of both acid (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.83) and NO2 (OR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.08-2.19) in boys. We conclude, based on this cross-sectional assessment: of questionnaire responses, that current levels of ambient air pollution in Southern California may be associated with effects on schoolchildren's respiratory morbidity as assessed by questionnaire.
C1 Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA.
State Calif, Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA.
Sonoma Technol Inc, Petaluma, CA USA.
Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
RP Peters, JM (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, 1540 Alcazar St,CHP 236, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA.
EM jpeters@hsc.usc.edu
RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015;
OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284; London,
Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5P30ES07048-02]
NR 36
TC 253
Z9 263
U1 6
U2 20
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
BP 760
EP 767
PG 8
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 175QQ
UT WOS:000079106600011
PM 10051248
ER
PT J
AU Peters, JM
Avol, E
Gauderman, WJ
Linn, WS
Navidi, W
London, SJ
Margolis, H
Rappaport, E
Vora, H
Gong, H
Thomas, DC
AF Peters, JM
Avol, E
Gauderman, WJ
Linn, WS
Navidi, W
London, SJ
Margolis, H
Rappaport, E
Vora, H
Gong, H
Thomas, DC
TI A study of twelve southern California communities with differing levels
and types of air pollution - II. Effects on pulmonary function
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS; NORTH-AMERICAN CHILDREN; SULFURIC-ACID
AEROSOLS; LUNG-FUNCTION; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; CHRONIC EXPOSURE; ASTHMATIC
VOLUNTEERS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; UCLA POPULATION
AB To study the possible chronic respiratory effects of air pollutants, we designed and initiated a 10-yr prospective study of Southern California public schoolchildren living in 12 communities with different levels and profiles of air pollution. The design of the study, exposure assessment methods, and survey methods and results related to respiratory symptoms and conditions are described Tn the accompanying paper. Pulmonary function tests were completed on 3,293 subjects. We evaluated cross-sectionally the effects of air pollution exposures based on data collected in 1986-1990 by existing monitoring stations and data collected by our study ham in 1994. Expected relationships were seen between demographic, physical, and other environmental factors and pulmonary function values. When the data were stratified by sex, an association was seen between pollution levels and lower pulmonary function in female subjects, with the associations being stronger for the 1994 exposure data than the 1986-1990 data. After adjustment, PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 were each significantly associated with lower FVC, FEV1, and maximal midexpiratoyy flow (MMEF); acid vapor with lower FVC, FEV1, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and MMEF; and O-3 With lower PEFR and MMEF. Effects were generally larger In those girls spending more time outdoors. Stepwise regression of adjusted pulmonary function values for girls in the 12 communities showed that NO2 was most strongly associated with lower FVC (r = -0.74, p < 0.01), PM2.5 with FEV1 (r = -0.72, p < (8.04), O-3 with PEFR (r = -0.75, p < 0.005), and PM2.5 with MMEF (r = -0.80, p < 0.005). There was a statistically significant association between ozone exposure and decreased FVC and FEV1 in girls with asthma. For boys, significant associations were seen between peak O-3 exposures and lower FVC and FEV1, but only in those spending more time outdoors. These findings underline the importance of follow-up of this cohort.
C1 Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA.
State Calif, Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA.
Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
RP Peters, JM (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, 1540 Alcazar St,CHP 236, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA.
EM jpeters@hsc.usc.edu
RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015;
OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284; London,
Stephanie/0000-0003-4911-5290
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5P30ES07048-02]
NR 41
TC 253
Z9 258
U1 2
U2 27
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
BP 768
EP 775
PG 8
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 175QQ
UT WOS:000079106600012
PM 10051249
ER
PT J
AU Alexia, N
Soukup, J
Ghio, A
Becker, S
AF Alexia, N
Soukup, J
Ghio, A
Becker, S
TI Phenotypic and functional characterization of induced sputum derived
macrophages in asthmatics and normals: A comparison with BAL derived
macrophages
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ N Carolina, CEMLB, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
US EPA, NHEERL, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A513
EP A513
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237102827
ER
PT J
AU Alexis, N
Becker, S
AF Alexis, N
Becker, S
TI Can airway cell phenotype and function predict disease severity? Use of
sputum macrophages and neutrophils to evaluate surface marker expression
and phagocytosis as predictors of asthma severity
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 UNC CH, CEMLB, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
US EPA, NHEERL, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A100
EP A100
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237100504
ER
PT J
AU Carraway, MS
Ghio, AJ
Piantadosi, CA
AF Carraway, MS
Ghio, AJ
Piantadosi, CA
TI Lung heme oxygenase-1 in chronic hypoxia.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA.
US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A219
EP A219
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237101186
ER
PT J
AU Carraway, MS
Ghio, AJ
Piantadosi, CA
AF Carraway, MS
Ghio, AJ
Piantadosi, CA
TI GM-CSF in alveolar macrophages in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA.
US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A706
EP A706
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237103929
ER
PT J
AU Carter, JD
Ghio, AJ
Samet, JM
Devlin, RB
AF Carter, JD
Ghio, AJ
Samet, JM
Devlin, RB
TI Particulate matter induces heat shock protein 70 gene expression.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A27
EP A27
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237100078
ER
PT J
AU Chapman, RS
Lan, Q
He, XZ
AF Chapman, RS
Lan, Q
He, XZ
TI Household stove improvements and long-term reduction of chronic
obstructive lung disease risk in Xuanwei, China.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
Inst Environm Hlth & Engn, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A501
EP A501
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237102764
ER
PT J
AU Crissman, KM
Norwood, J
Slade, R
Hatch, GE
AF Crissman, KM
Norwood, J
Slade, R
Hatch, GE
TI Does high dose supplementation with vitamin C protect against ozone
effects?
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, ETD, PTB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A491
EP A491
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237102720
ER
PT J
AU Gavett, SH
Hoyle, GW
Madison, SL
Walsh, LC
Hilliard, HG
Lappi, ER
Evansky, PE
Costa, DL
AF Gavett, SH
Hoyle, GW
Madison, SL
Walsh, LC
Hilliard, HG
Lappi, ER
Evansky, PE
Costa, DL
TI Pulmonary responses to concentrated air particles in allergen challenged
hyperinnervated transgenic mice.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Tulane Univ, Med Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
NR 0
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A29
EP A29
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237100085
ER
PT J
AU Ghio, AJ
Devlin, RB
AF Ghio, AJ
Devlin, RB
TI Healthy volunteers demonstrate no lung inflammation after exposure to
fine particles concentrated from Chapel Hill ambient air.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A318
EP A318
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237101727
ER
PT J
AU Ghio, AJ
Carter, JD
Richards, JH
Crissman, KM
Bobb, HH
Yang, F
AF Ghio, AJ
Carter, JD
Richards, JH
Crissman, KM
Bobb, HH
Yang, F
TI Diminished injury in hypotransferrinemic mice after exposure to a
metal-rich particle.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER THORACIC SOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA
SN 1073-449X
EI 1535-4970
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A889
EP A889
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237104978
ER
PT J
AU Ghio, AJ
Grayck, EN
Piantadosi, CA
AF Ghio, AJ
Grayck, EN
Piantadosi, CA
TI Iron transport in bronchial epithelial cells requires superoxide and
anion exchange activity.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A889
EP A889
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237104975
ER
PT J
AU Gilmour, MI
Daniels, M
Becker, S
AF Gilmour, MI
Daniels, M
Becker, S
TI Effects of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 samples and water-soluble extracts on
pulmonary inflammation and streptococcal infection in mice.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
US EPA, NHEERL, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A699
EP A699
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237103891
ER
PT J
AU Harder, S
Ghio, A
Becker, S
AF Harder, S
Ghio, A
Becker, S
TI Characterization of the inflammatory response to soluble components of
Utah Valley particulate pollution.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A316
EP A316
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237101716
ER
PT J
AU Harewood, A
Jackson, MC
Ledbetter, A
Evansky, P
Costa, DL
Hauser, R
Christiani, DC
Kodavanti, UP
AF Harewood, A
Jackson, MC
Ledbetter, A
Evansky, P
Costa, DL
Hauser, R
Christiani, DC
Kodavanti, UP
TI Pulmonary injury and inflammation caused by fuel oil-ash particle
exposure in two rat strains with preexistent COPD.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC USA.
Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A29
EP A29
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237100087
ER
PT J
AU Hatch, GE
Jin, X
McKee, J
Harris, L
Crissman, K
Norwood, J
Slade, R
AF Hatch, GE
Jin, X
McKee, J
Harris, L
Crissman, K
Norwood, J
Slade, R
TI Does an imbalance in extracellular lining fluid antioxidants predispose
to oxidative effects of inhaled particulate matter?
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, ETD, PTB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A27
EP A27
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237100073
ER
PT J
AU Jackson, MC
Ledbetter, A
Evansky, P
Harewood, A
Winsett, D
Starcher, B
Costa, DL
Kodavanti, UP
AF Jackson, MC
Ledbetter, A
Evansky, P
Harewood, A
Winsett, D
Starcher, B
Costa, DL
Kodavanti, UP
TI A rat model of COPD-like disease caused by combination of elastase and
sulfur dioxide exposure.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC USA.
Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth, Tyler, TX 75710 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A806
EP A806
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237104487
ER
PT J
AU Jaspers, I
Samet, JM
Reed, W
AF Jaspers, I
Samet, JM
Reed, W
TI Arsenite induced IL-8 gene transcription in airway epithelial cells is
NF-kappa B-dependent, but occurs without mobilization of cytoplasmic
NF-kappa B.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ N Carolina, CEMLB, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A441
EP A441
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237102444
ER
PT J
AU Jaspers, I
Samet, JM
Reed, W
Devlin, RB
AF Jaspers, I
Samet, JM
Reed, W
Devlin, RB
TI Metal-induced gene expression in bronchial epithelial cells: Role of
ROI-dependent activation of NF-kappa B.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 UNCCH, CEMLB, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A287
EP A287
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237101552
ER
PT J
AU Jiang, NF
Dreher, KL
Li, Y
Martin, LD
Adler, KB
AF Jiang, NF
Dreher, KL
Li, Y
Martin, LD
Adler, KB
TI Residual oil fly ash (ROFA) increases mucin secretion and mucin gene
expression in guinea pig airway epithelial cells in vitro.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC USA.
US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A888
EP A888
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237104973
ER
PT J
AU Kim, CS
DeWitt, P
AF Kim, CS
DeWitt, P
TI Variation of total lung deposition dose of inhaled particles with
breathing pattern at rest and moderate exercise.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ N Carolina, CEMLB, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A615
EP A615
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237103412
ER
PT J
AU Kodavanti, UP
Jackson, MC
Harewood, A
Ledbetter, A
Hauser, R
Christiani, DC
Gardner, SY
Richards, J
Costa, DL
AF Kodavanti, UP
Jackson, MC
Harewood, A
Ledbetter, A
Hauser, R
Christiani, DC
Gardner, SY
Richards, J
Costa, DL
TI Kinetics of pulmonary injury and systemic alterations in normo- and
hypertensive rats exposed to fuel oil ash particles.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC USA.
Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
N Carolina State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A29
EP A29
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237100088
ER
PT J
AU Korrick, SA
Neas, LM
Schwartz, J
AF Korrick, SA
Neas, LM
Schwartz, J
TI Blood lead and decrements in adult pulmonary function.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
US EPA, NHEERL, HSD, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A319
EP A319
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237101735
ER
PT J
AU Lambert, AL
Selgrade, MJ
Dong, W
Winsett, DW
Gilmour, MI
AF Lambert, AL
Selgrade, MJ
Dong, W
Winsett, DW
Gilmour, MI
TI Enhanced allergic sensitization by residual oil fly ash particles is
mediated by soluble metal constituents.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A26
EP A26
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237100070
ER
PT J
AU Ledbetter, A
Mebane, R
Krantz, T
Jackson, MC
Walsh, L
Hilliard, H
Richards, J
Chen, B
Costa, DL
Kodavanti, UP
AF Ledbetter, A
Mebane, R
Krantz, T
Jackson, MC
Walsh, L
Hilliard, H
Richards, J
Chen, B
Costa, DL
Kodavanti, UP
TI Variable pulmonary responses from exposure to concentrated ambient
particles in a rat model of bronchitis.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC USA.
China Med Univ, Shenyang, Peoples R China.
NR 0
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A29
EP A29
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237100086
ER
PT J
AU Madison, SL
Hilliard, HG
Lappi, ER
Walsh, LC
Evansky, PE
Winsett, DW
Costa, DL
Gavett, SH
AF Madison, SL
Hilliard, HG
Lappi, ER
Walsh, LC
Evansky, PE
Winsett, DW
Costa, DL
Gavett, SH
TI Exposure to concentrated ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) alters
allergen specific eosinophil recruitment in mast cell deficient mice.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A24
EP A24
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237100061
ER
PT J
AU Mortimer, KM
Tager, IB
Neas, LM
Dockery, D
Redline, S
AF Mortimer, KM
Tager, IB
Neas, LM
Dockery, D
Redline, S
TI The effect of summer ozone on inner-city children with asthma -
Identification of sensitive subgroups.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Publ Hlth Biol & Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
US EPA, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, NHEERL, HSD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Case Western Reserve Univ, Div Clin Epidemiol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A773
EP A773
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237104293
ER
PT J
AU Silbajoris, R
Graves, LM
Wu, WD
Samet, JM
AF Silbajoris, R
Graves, LM
Wu, WD
Samet, JM
TI Tyrosine phosphatases as targets in metal-induced signaling in human
airway epithelial cells (HAEC)
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
US EPA, NHEERL, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A25
EP A25
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237100066
ER
PT J
AU Slade, R
Crissman, K
Norwood, J
Hatch, G
AF Slade, R
Crissman, K
Norwood, J
Hatch, G
TI Detection of O-18-labeled oxidation products in urine of rats exposed to
O-18-ozone.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, PTB, ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A492
EP A492
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237102725
ER
PT J
AU Soukup, JM
Ghio, A
Becker, S
AF Soukup, JM
Ghio, A
Becker, S
TI Soluble components of Utah valley particulate pollution alters alveolar
macrophage function
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Human Studies Facil NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A26
EP A26
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237100068
ER
PT J
AU Steck, SE
Madden, MC
Samet, JM
Kohlmeier, L
AF Steck, SE
Madden, MC
Samet, JM
Kohlmeier, L
TI Effects of ozone exposure on DNA single strand breaks in peripheral
blood leukocytes.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A492
EP A492
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237102726
ER
PT J
AU Stonehuerner, JG
Jaspers, I
Ghio, A
Dreher, K
Devlin, RB
AF Stonehuerner, JG
Jaspers, I
Ghio, A
Dreher, K
Devlin, RB
TI Iron-induced injury in airway epithelial cells: Comparison of ferrous
and ferric iron compounds.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
UNC CH, CEMLB, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A25
EP A25
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237100065
ER
PT J
AU Su, WY
Jaskot, RH
Kodavanti, U
Stetler-Stevenson, W
Costa, DL
Dreher, KL
AF Su, WY
Jaskot, RH
Kodavanti, U
Stetler-Stevenson, W
Costa, DL
Dreher, KL
TI Air particulate-induction of pulmonary gelatinase A and B gene
expression
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA.
US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RI Stetler-Stevenson, William/H-6956-2012
OI Stetler-Stevenson, William/0000-0002-5500-5808
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A28
EP A28
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237100079
ER
PT J
AU Suliman, HB
Ryan, LK
Bishop, L
Folz, RJ
AF Suliman, HB
Ryan, LK
Bishop, L
Folz, RJ
TI Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) in the airways of transgenic
mice reduce lung injury induced by influenza virus.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Durham, NC USA.
US EPA, NHEERL, Immunotoxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A273
EP A273
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237101472
ER
PT J
AU Watkinson, WP
Campen, MJ
Dreher, KL
Winsett, DW
Kodavanti, UP
Jackson, MC
Highfill, JW
AF Watkinson, WP
Campen, MJ
Dreher, KL
Winsett, DW
Kodavanti, UP
Jackson, MC
Highfill, JW
TI Effects of exposure to metallic constituents of residual oil fly ash
particles in healthy and cardiopulmonary-compromised rats.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A29
EP A29
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237100089
ER
PT J
AU Wiester, MJ
Enhorning, G
Fonteh, AN
Winsett, DW
Jackson, MC
Richards, JR
Costa, DL
AF Wiester, MJ
Enhorning, G
Fonteh, AN
Winsett, DW
Jackson, MC
Richards, JR
Costa, DL
TI An examination of phospholipid and phospholipase A(2) in bronchoalveolar
lavage fluid (BALF) at the onset of antigen-induced airway response in
ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized guinea pigs.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
WFUSM, Winston Salem, NC USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A872
EP A872
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237104878
ER
PT J
AU Wu, W
Graves, L
Jaspers, I
Devlin, R
Samet, J
AF Wu, W
Graves, L
Jaspers, I
Devlin, R
Samet, J
TI Raf-1 independent activation of MEK1/2 in human airway epithelial cells
exposed to combustion-derived metals
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
US EPA, Human Studies Div, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A464
EP A464
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237102569
ER
PT J
AU Yang, F
Coalson, JJ
Bobb, HH
Banu, J
Carter, JD
Ghio, AJ
AF Yang, F
Coalson, JJ
Bobb, HH
Banu, J
Carter, JD
Ghio, AJ
TI Resistance of hypotransferrinemic mice to hyperoxia.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA.
Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA.
US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 3
SU S
BP A889
EP A889
PG 1
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 230DT
UT WOS:000082237104979
ER
PT J
AU Mumford, JL
Tian, DF
Younes, M
Hu, FD
Lan, Q
Ostrowski, ML
He, YZ
Feng, ZM
AF Mumford, JL
Tian, DF
Younes, M
Hu, FD
Lan, Q
Ostrowski, ML
He, YZ
Feng, ZM
TI Detection of p53 protein accumulation in sputum and lung adenocarcinoma
associated with indoor exposure to unvented coal smoke in China
SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE lng adenocarcinoma; sputum; p53 protein accumulation; coal combustion
emissions
ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS; CANCER DETECTION;
XUAN-WEI; EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS; LESIONS
AB Lung cancer in Xuan Wei (XW), China has been linked to exposure to unvented coal smoke and adenocarcinoma, especially bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, is most common, p53 mutations occur commonly in lung cancers and usually generate detectable levels of p53 protein accumulation. Sputum is noninvasive to collect and ideal for screening p53 abnormalities, p53 protein accumulation was detected by immunohistochemistry in lung tumors and sputa from XW lung cancer patients to determine (1) the role of p53 in lung pathogenesis, and (2) feasibility of detecting p53 protein accumulation in sputum. p53 protein accumulation was detected in 73% (22/30) of lung adenocarcinomas from XW females exposed to coal emissions and significantly higher than the control cases (33%, p<0.05). In sputum, we detected p53 overexpression in tumor cells in 54% (13/24) of XW cases and also in dysplastic cells (50% or 4/8). These findings suggest that p53 abnormalities is important in XW lung cancer etiology.
C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
Yunnan Prov First Peoples Hosp, Kunming, Peoples R China.
Inst Environm Hlth & Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Mumford, JL (reprint author), US EPA, MD 58C, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 30
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 1
PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH
PI ATHENS
PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDNTIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, POB 22,
ATHENS 19014, GREECE
SN 0250-7005
J9 ANTICANCER RES
JI Anticancer Res.
PD MAR-APR
PY 1999
VL 19
IS 2A
BP 951
EP 958
PG 8
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA 202JQ
UT WOS:000080649100008
PM 10368638
ER
PT J
AU Volety, AK
Oliver, LM
Genthner, FJ
Fisher, WS
AF Volety, AK
Oliver, LM
Genthner, FJ
Fisher, WS
TI A rapid tetrazolium dye reduction assay to assess the bactericidal
activity of oyster (Crassostrea virginica) hemocytes against Vibrio
parahaemolyticus
SO AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE bactericidal activity; oyster; defense capabilities of oysters
ID PERKINSUS-MARINUS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; EASTERN OYSTER; VIABILITY;
AGGLUTINATION; MACROPHAGES; SERUM; FISH
AB An assay was developed to assess the ability of oyster, Crassostrea virginica, hemocytes to kill the human pathogenic bacterium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus (ATCC 17802). Bacterial killing was estimated colorimetrically by the enzymatic reduction of a tetrazolium dye, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS), and phenyl-methasulfazone (PMS). The assay proposed here provides an indicator of immunocompetence of oysters against V. parahaemolyticus. The assay involved: (1) exposure of plasma-free oyster hemocytes to a streptomycin (SM)-resistant mutant strain of V. parahaemolyticus in a 96-well plate for 3 h at 17 degrees C in SM-augmented sea water; (2) growout of surviving bacteria in nutrient broth for 2 h at 37 degrees C; (3) addition of MTS and PMS; and (4) measurement of MTS/PMS reduction product (formazan) at 490 nm using a microplate reader. Advantages of this assay include the absence of radio-isotopes used in some killing assays and requirement of low volumes of plasma and numbers of hemocytes. In addition, we demonstrated greater precision than traditional, plate counting methods for bacterial estimation. This technique has the potential to evaluate oyster capacity to eliminate microbial agents and to assess effects of environmental changes and pollutant stress on defense capabilities of oysters. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
RP Volety, AK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Res Council, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
EM volety.aswani@epamail.epa.gov
NR 41
TC 25
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0044-8486
EI 1873-5622
J9 AQUACULTURE
JI Aquaculture
PD MAR 1
PY 1999
VL 172
IS 1-2
BP 205
EP 222
DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00438-4
PG 18
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 170AX
UT WOS:000078783900012
ER
PT J
AU Kolanczyk, R
Schmieder, P
Bradbury, S
Spizzo, T
AF Kolanczyk, R
Schmieder, P
Bradbury, S
Spizzo, T
TI Biotransformation of 4-methoxyphenol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) hepatic microsomes
SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE 4-hydroxyanisole; bioactivation; electrochemical detection; hydrodynamic
voltammograms; metabolism
ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI; LIVER CYTOCHROME-P-450; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; ACUTE
TOXICITY; TEMPERATURE; ENZYMES; 4-HYDROXYANISOLE; 4-CHLOROANILINE;
MICRODIALYSIS; CYTOTOXICITY
AB Rainbow trout liver microsomes were used to study the O-demethylation and ring hydroxylation of 4-methoxyphenol (4-MP) (4-hydroxyanisole) at 11 and 25 degrees C by directly measuring the production of the primary metabolite hydroquinone (HQ), 4-methoxycatechol (I-MCAT), and additional metabolites. An HPLC method with integrated ultraviolet (UV) and electrochemical detection (ECD) was developed for metabolite identification and quantification at low concentrations. Sample handling with appropriate buffers, solvents, low temperature and light prevented loss of extremely labile metabolites. Saturation kinetics for the production of HQ via O-demethylation of 4-MP (0.66-40 mM) was never achieved, with substrate solubility being the limiting factor. The linear rate of HQ formation at 11 degrees C was 22.0 +/- 2.2 (coefficient +/- S.E., r(2) = 0.91) pmol min (-1) per mg protein per mM substrate, and at 25 degrees C was 34.0 +/- 1.3 (r(2) = 0.99) pmol min (-1) per mg protein per mM substrate. The second major microsomal metabolite 4-MCAT was also identified, with linear rates of ring hydroxylation determined to be 19.0 +/- 1.6 (r(2) = 0.94) and 17.2 +/- 0.5 (r(2) = 0.99) pmol min (-1) per mg protein per mM substrate at 11 and 25 degrees C, respectively. Unlike HQ production,. the rate of 4-MCAT production was found to be similar at the two temperatures when linear formation rates were corrected for the effect of temperature on substrate and product solubility at 11 degrees C. Measurement of 'freely dissolved ed fraction was essential to the accurate determination of ring hydroxylation and O-demethylation reaction rates in rainbow trout microsomes incubated at physiological temperature. Experimental conditions were shown to affect dissolved 4-MP and HQ at 11 degrees C (verified using microdialysis) while not altering substrate and product levels at 25 degrees C. Small but detectable levels of 1,4-benzoquinone were observed in 4-MP microsomal incubations. 1,2, 4 -Trihydroxybenzene was also detected, with possible routes of production through hydroxylation of HQ or O-demethylation of 4-MCAT. A metabolic scheme for bioactivation of 4-MP is proposed and the significance of observed metabolic conversions in rainbow trout microsomes discussed in relation to aquatic toxicity of 4-MP. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
Solvay Pharmaceut, Baudette, MN 56623 USA.
RP Kolanczyk, R (reprint author), US EPA, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
NR 43
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-445X
J9 AQUAT TOXICOL
JI Aquat. Toxicol.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 45
IS 1
BP 47
EP 61
DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(98)00088-5
PG 15
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
GA 168CW
UT WOS:000078674300005
ER
PT J
AU Hempel-Jorgensen, A
Kjaergaard, SK
Molhave, L
Hudnell, HK
AF Hempel-Jorgensen, A
Kjaergaard, SK
Molhave, L
Hudnell, HK
TI Time course of sensory eye irritation in humans exposed to n-butanol and
1-octene
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
AB In this study, we investigated the time course effect of sensory eye irritation in 16 subjects exposed (i.e., eye only) to n-butanol and 1-octene. Half the subjects were exposed to n-butanol, and the remaining subjects were exposed to 1-octene. Each subject was studied on 5 different days; during each day each subject was exposed in three runs (i.e., run 1, run 2, and run 3) to a constant concentration of either n-butanol or 1-octene. We performed run 1 and run 3, both of which lasted 15 min each, to evaluate persistence in "sensitization." We performed run 2, which lasted 60 min, to study the time course of sensory irritation. Ratings of ocular irritation intensity were obtained continuously during all three runs. The exposure concentrations for n-butanol were 0 mg/m(3), 300 mg/m(3), 900 mg/m(3), and 3 000 mg/m(3), and the exposure concentrations for 1-octene were 0 mg/m(3), 6 000 mg/m(3), In 400 mg/m(3), and 18 000 mg/m(3). During run 2, we observed a slight increase in perceived eye irritation intensity for the lower concentrations of 1-octene and for all exposure concentrations of n-butanol. However, the threshold for irritation was clearly exceeded for only the 1-octene 10 400-mg/m(3) and 18 000-mg/m(3) exposures. During these two exposures, the response increased In-fold following 20-40 min of exposure during run 2, after which the response remained constant. We investigated the existence of persistence in "sensitization" by comparing intensity of responses between run 1 and run 3. Persistence in "sensitization" was apparent for only the 1-octene exposure.
C1 Aarhus Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Med, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Hempel-Jorgensen, A (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Med, Ole Worms Alle,Bldg 180,Univ Parken, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
NR 21
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 0
PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA
SN 0003-9896
J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH
JI Arch. Environ. Health
PD MAR-APR
PY 1999
VL 54
IS 2
BP 86
EP 94
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA 175UW
UT WOS:000079114800003
PM 10094285
ER
PT J
AU Greenberg, JP
Guenther, A
Zimmerman, P
Baugh, W
Geron, C
Davis, K
Helmig, D
Klinger, LF
AF Greenberg, JP
Guenther, A
Zimmerman, P
Baugh, W
Geron, C
Davis, K
Helmig, D
Klinger, LF
TI Tethered balloon measurements of biogenic VOCs in the atmospheric
boundary layer
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE biogenic emissions; isoprene; terpenes; tethered balloon; atmospheric
boundary layer
ID NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPH;
ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UNITED-STATES; ISOPRENE; EMISSIONS; FLUXES; FOREST;
DETECTOR
AB Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) were measured on tethered balloon platforms in 11 deployments between 1985 and 1996. A series of balloon sampling packages have been used to describe boundary layer dynamics, BVOC distribution, chemical transformations of BVOCs, and to estimate BVOC emission rates from terrestrial vegetation. Measurements indicated a slow decrease of concentration for BVOCs with altitude in the mixed layer when sampling times were greater than average convective turnover time; surface layer concentrations were more variable because of proximity to various emission sources in the smaller surface layer footprint. Mixed layer concentrations of isoprene remained fairly constant in the middle of the day, in contrast to canopy-level isoprene concentrations, which continued to increase until early evening. Daytime emissions, which increase with temperature and light, appear to be balanced by changes in entrainment and oxidation. Daytime measurements of methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone, reaction products of the atmospheric oxidation of isoprene, showed fairly constant ratio to each other with altitude throughout the mixed layer. BVOC emission flux estimates using balloon measurements and from the extrapolation of leaf level emissions to the landscape scale were in good agreement. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD USA.
US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Greenberg, JP (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RI Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008
OI Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288
NR 31
TC 74
Z9 82
U1 2
U2 12
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 33
IS 6
BP 855
EP 867
DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00302-1
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 164PM
UT WOS:000078472800002
ER
PT J
AU Luecken, DJ
Tonnesen, GS
Sickles, JE
AF Luecken, DJ
Tonnesen, GS
Sickles, JE
TI Differences in NOy speciation predicted by three photochemical
mechanisms
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE reactive nitrogen; ozone; photochemical models
ID ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; OXIDANT MECHANISMS; NITRATE; URBAN; MODEL; SMOG
AB We describe the production and speciation of NOy in current chemical mechanisms using model simulations with three different chemical mechanisms run under three different chemical scenarios representative of a low-emission rural, a high-emission rural, and a heavily polluted urban scenario. In this study we examine predictions from the Carbon Bond 4 mechanism, the Regional Acid Deposition Model 2 mechanism, and an explicit mechanism used in global modeling. Several reactions are identified which influence the concentrations of important NOy species. The most important reaction under rural conditions is the oxidation of isoprene, which influences the production of PAN and organic nitrate. Differences among mechanisms cause large differences in the NOy concentrations, which propagate throughout the entire mechanism, affecting the chemistry of all species. The largest differences in NOy species among the mechanisms occur in the rural simulations, while predictions are the most similar under urban conditions, for which photochemical mechanisms have been studied and evaluated. The differences in NOy speciation cause uncertainties in the use of these mechanisms for predicting oxidant chemistry over long distances and multi-day episodes under non-urban conditions. Predictions from all mechanisms should be regarded with caution under rural conditions. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Luecken, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD 84, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 28
TC 14
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 6
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 33
IS 7
BP 1073
EP 1084
DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00319-7
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 165AA
UT WOS:000078495000006
ER
PT J
AU Rapport, DJ
Whitford, WG
AF Rapport, DJ
Whitford, WG
TI How ecosystems respond to stress - Common properties of arid and aquatic
systems
SO BIOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID GREAT-LAKES; DESERTIFICATION; ARIZONA; USA
C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Characterizat Res Div, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
EM drapport@oac.uoguelph.ca; wawhitfo@nmsu.edu
NR 53
TC 109
Z9 129
U1 7
U2 33
PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0006-3568
J9 BIOSCIENCE
JI Bioscience
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 49
IS 3
BP 193
EP 203
DI 10.2307/1313509
PG 11
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 169PQ
UT WOS:000078758100006
ER
PT J
AU Calderon-Garciduenas, L
Rodriguez-Alcaraz, A
Garcia, R
Barragan, G
Villarreal-Calderon, A
Madden, MC
AF Calderon-Garciduenas, L
Rodriguez-Alcaraz, A
Garcia, R
Barragan, G
Villarreal-Calderon, A
Madden, MC
TI Cell proliferation in nasal respiratory epithelium of people exposed to
urban pollution
SO CARCINOGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
ID LONG-TERM INHALATION; MEXICO-CITY; F344 RATS; RISK ASSESSMENT; OZONE
EXPOSURE; PPM OZONE; FORMALDEHYDE; CARCINOGENESIS; MUCOSA; CANCER
AB The nasal passages are a common portal of entry and are a prime site for toxicant-induced pathology. Sustained increases in regenerative cell proliferation can be a significant driving force in chemical carcinogenesis. The atmosphere in Mexico City contains a complex mixture of air pollutants and its residents are exposed chronically and sequentially to numerous toxicants and potential carcinogens. We were concerned that exposure to Mexico City's atmosphere might induce cytotoxicity and increase nasal respiratory epithelial cell proliferation. Nasal biopsies were obtained for DNA cell cycle analysis from 195 volunteers. The control population consisted of 16 adults and 27 children that were residents in a Caribbean island with low pollution, The exposed Mexico City population consisted of 109 adults and 43 children. Sixty-one of the adult subjects mere newly arrived in Mexico City and were followed for 25 days from their arrival. Control children, control adult and exposed Mexico City children all had similar percentages of cells in the replicative DNA synthesis phase (S phase) of the cell cycle (%S). A significant increase in %S in nasal epithelial cells was seen in exposed adult residents in Mexico City biopsied at three different dates compared with control adults. Newly arrived adults exhibited a control level of cell turnover at day 2 after coming to the city. However, at days 7, 14 and 25 they exhibited significant increases in %S. These data demonstrate an increased and sustained nasal cell turnover rate in the adult population observable in as little as 1 week of residence in Mexico City, This increase in cell proliferation is in agreement with other reports of induced pathological changes in the nasal passages of Mexico City dwellers. These observations suggest an increased potential risk factor of developing nasal neoplasms for residents of large cities with heavy pollution.
C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
Inst Nacl Pediat, Mexico City 14410, DF, Mexico.
Soc Mex ORL, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
US EPA, Human Studies Div, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
CCC, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
RP Calderon-Garciduenas, L (reprint author), US EPA, MD 58D, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM calderon.lilian@epamail.epa.gov
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES07126]
NR 72
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 1
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0143-3334
J9 CARCINOGENESIS
JI Carcinogenesis
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 20
IS 3
BP 383
EP 389
DI 10.1093/carcin/20.3.383
PG 7
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA 174ZL
UT WOS:000079066400004
PM 10190550
ER
PT J
AU Cabezas, H
Young, D
AF Cabezas, H
Young, D
TI Using simulation for pollution prevention
SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
C1 US EPA, Simulat & Design Team, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Cabezas, H (reprint author), US EPA, Simulat & Design Team, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CHEMICAL WEEK ASSOCIATES
PI NEW YORK
PA 888 SEVENTH AVE, 26TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10106 USA
SN 0009-2460
J9 CHEM ENG-NEW YORK
JI Chem. Eng.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 106
IS 3
BP 117
EP +
PG 5
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA 175YV
UT WOS:000079124400029
ER
PT J
AU Dennis, RL
Arnold, JR
Tonnesen, GS
Li, YH
AF Dennis, RL
Arnold, JR
Tonnesen, GS
Li, YH
TI A new response surface approach for interpreting Eulerian air quality
model sensitivities
SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Symposium on Sensitivity Analysis of Model Output
(SAMO 98)
CY APR 19-22, 1998
CL VENICE, ITALY
DE sensitivity analysis; ozone (O-3); nitrogen oxides (NOx); RADM; input
uncertainties; emissions reductions
ID PHASE CHEMICAL MECHANISM; ACID DEPOSITION MODEL; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;
OZONE
AB The Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM) was used in a sensitivity study at 80 km and 20 km grid resolutions to simulate urban and regional tropospheric conditions in the eastern U.S. for the time period 19 July to 12 August 1988. Using one-at-a-time (OAT) sensitivity perturbations and a mini-global analysis we varied three model inputs in the range of their known uncertainties: mixing height; emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO,) and volatile organic compounds (VOC); and the rate constant for the reaction OH + NO2 --> HNO3. Two measures, ozone concentration ([O-3]) and the ratio [O-3]/[NOx], were used to assess the photochemical system's sensitivity response on an O-3 response surface. We find that: (1) these input uncertainties change the system's state in different ways, altering either the [O-3] or the system's response to emissions reductions, or changing both responses together; (2) the [O-3]/[NOx] measure successfully predicts the direction and relative degree of change in the system state while [O-3] does not; and (3) for most of the days and locations we have examined, the system's responses to uncertainties simulated OAT are nearly additive when compared with the mini-global case, and that both of the sensitivity measures we assessed correctly tracked this additivity. We conclude that incorporating the [O-3]/[NOx] ratio is a significant first step in constructing a useful sensitivity "vector" for understanding systems-level changes in the model. However, additional measures that can successfully track the change of shape of the response surface are still needed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Dennis, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Modeling Div, MD-80,79 TW Alexander Dr,Bldg 4201, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
NR 23
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0010-4655
J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN
JI Comput. Phys. Commun.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 117
IS 1-2
BP 99
EP 112
DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(98)00167-2
PG 14
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical
SC Computer Science; Physics
GA 179TB
UT WOS:000079344200011
ER
PT J
AU Lash, LH
Lipscomb, JC
Putt, DA
Parker, JC
AF Lash, LH
Lipscomb, JC
Putt, DA
Parker, JC
TI Glutathione conjugation of trichloroethylene in human liver and kidney:
Kinetics and individual variation
SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION
LA English
DT Article
ID BASAL-LATERAL MEMBRANE; PROXIMAL TUBULAR CELLS; HUMAN HEPATOCYTES;
METABOLISM; RATS; TOXICITY; TUMORS; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CARCINOGENICITY;
INHALATION
AB Isolated human hepatocytes exhibited time-, trichloroethylene (Tri) concentration-, and cell concentration-dependent formation of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione (DCVG) in incubations in sealed flasks with 25 to 10,000 ppm Tri in the headspace, corresponding to 0.011 to 4.4 mM in hepatocytes, Maximal formation of DCVG (22.5 +/- 8.3 nmol/120 min per 10(6) cells) occurred with 500 ppm Tri, Time-, protein concentration-, and both Tri and GSH concentration-dependent formation of DCVG were observed in liver and kidney subcellular fractions. Two kinetically distinct systems were observed in both cytosol and microsomes from pooled liver samples, whereas only one system was observed in subcellular fractions from pooled kidney samples. Liver cytosol exhibited apparent K-m values (mu M Tri) of 333 and 22.7 and V-max values (nmol DCVG formed/min per mg protein) of 8.77 and 4.27; liver microsomes exhibited apparent K-m values of 250 and 29.4 and V-max values of 3.10 and 1.42; kidney cytosol and microsomes exhibited apparent K-m values of 26.3 and 167, respectively, and V-max values of 0.81 and 6.29, respectively. DCVG formation in samples of liver cytosol and microsomes from 20 individual donors exhibited a 6.5-fold variation in microsomes but only a 2.4-fold variation in cytosol. In coincubations of pooled liver cytosol and microsomes, addition of an NADPH-regenerating system produced marked inhibition of DCVG formation, but addition of GSH had no effect on cytochrome P-450-catalyzed formation of chloral hydrate. These results indicate that both human kidney and liver have significant capacity to catalyze DCVG formation, indicating that the initial step of the GSH-dependent pathway is not limiting in the formation of nephrotoxic and nephrocarcinogenic metabolites.
C1 Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
USAF, Res Lab, Toxicol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.
US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Lash, LH (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, 540 E Canfield Ave, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
OI Lash, Lawrence/0000-0003-3239-4481
FU NIDDK NIH HHS [K04-DK02090]
NR 38
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0090-9556
J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS
JI Drug Metab. Dispos.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 27
IS 3
BP 351
EP 359
PG 9
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 172DT
UT WOS:000078908500006
PM 10064565
ER
PT J
AU Orlando, EF
Denslow, ND
Folmar, LC
Guillette, LJ
AF Orlando, EF
Denslow, ND
Folmar, LC
Guillette, LJ
TI A comparison of the reproductive physiology of largemouth bass,
Micropterus salmoides, collected from the Escambia and Blackwater Rivers
in Florida
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
DE endocrine disrupting chemicals; hepatic detoxification enzymes;
hepatosomatic index; steroidogenesis; vitellogenin
ID PLASMA STEROID-LEVELS; KRAFT MILL EFFLUENT; RAINBOW-TROUT; WHITE SUCKER;
ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGENS; FISH; VITELLOGENIN; GROWTH; BIOMARKER;
CONTAMINANTS
AB Largemouth bass (LMB), Micropterus salmoides, were taken from the Escambia River (contaminated site) and the Blackwater River (reference site) near Pensacola, Florida. The Escambia River collection occurred downstream of the effluent from two identified point sources of pollution. These point sources included a coal-fired electric power plant and a chemical company. Conversely, the Blackwater River's headwaters and most of its length flow within a stare park Although there is some development on the lower part of the Blackwater River, fish were collected in the more pristine upper regions. Fish were captured by electroshocking and were maintained in aerated coolers. Physical measurements were obtained, blood was taken, and liver and gonads were removed. LMB plasma was assayed for the concentration of 17 beta-estradiol (E(2)) and testosterone using validated radioimmunoassays. The presence of vitellogenin was determined by gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting using a monoclonal antibody validated for largemouth bass vitellogenin. No differences in plasma concentrations of E(2) or testosterone were observed in females from the two sites. Similarly, males exhibited no difference in plasma E(2). However, plasma testosterone was lower in the males from the contaminated site, as compared to the reference site. Vitellogenic males occurred only at the contaminated site. Additionally, liver mass was proportionately higher in males from the contaminated site, as compared to males from the reference site. These data suggest that reproductive steroid levels may have been altered by increased hepatic enzyme activity, and the presence of vitellogenic males indicates that an exogenous source of estrogen was present in the Escambia River.
C1 Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
RP Orlando, EF (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Zool, 223 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
NR 47
TC 36
Z9 39
U1 2
U2 9
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 107
IS 3
BP 199
EP 204
DI 10.2307/3434509
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 179UJ
UT WOS:000079347600022
PM 10064549
ER
PT J
AU Schreinemachers, DM
Creason, JP
Garry, VF
AF Schreinemachers, DM
Creason, JP
Garry, VF
TI Cancer mortality in agricultural regions of Minnesota
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
DE agriculture; cancer mortality; fungicides; herbicides; human;
pesticides; rural population
ID RISK-FACTORS; PESTICIDES; WOMEN
AB Because of its unique geology Minnesota can be divided into four agricultural regions: southcentral region one (corn, soybeans); west-central region two (wheat, corn, soybeans); northwest region three (wheat, sugar beets, potatoes); and northeast region four (forested and urban in character). Cancer mortality (1980-1989) in agricultural regions one, two, and three was compared to region four. Using data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics, cancer mortality was summarized by 5-year age groups, sex, race, and county. Age-standardized mortality rate ratios were calculated for white males and females for all ages combined, and for children aged 0-14. Increased mortality rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were observed for the following cancer sires: region one-lip (men), standardized rate ratio (SRR) = 2.70 (CI, 1.08-6.71); nasopharynx (women), SRR = 3.35 (CI, 1.20-9.31); region two-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (women), SRR = 1.35 (CI, 1.09-1.66); and region three-prostate (men), SRR = 1.12 (CT, 1.00-1.26); thyroid (men), SRR = 2.95 (CI, 1.35-6.44); bone (men), SRR = 2.09 (CI, 1.00-4.34); eye (women), SRR = 5.77 (CI, 1.90-17.50). Deficits of smoking-related cancers were noted. Excess cancers reported are consistent with earlier reports of agriculturally related cancers in the midwestern United States. However, reports on thyroid and bone cancer in association with agricultural pesticides are few in number. The highest use of fungicides occurs in region three. Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates, whose metabolite is a known cause of thyroid cancer in rats, are frequently applied. This report provides a rationale for evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of this suspect agent in humans.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Epidemiol & Biomarker Branch, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ Minnesota, Lab Environm Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA.
RP Schreinemachers, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Epidemiol & Biomarker Branch, Human Studies Div, MD 58-A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 36
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 4
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 107
IS 3
BP 205
EP 211
DI 10.2307/3434510
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 179UJ
UT WOS:000079347600023
PM 10064550
ER
PT J
AU Church, MR
AF Church, MR
TI The Bear Brook Watershed Manipulation Project: Watershed science in a
policy perspective
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID NITROGEN SATURATION; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MAINE; USA; ACIDIFICATION; SOIL;
CATCHMENTS; SPECIATION; RECOVERY; SULFATE
AB The Bear Brook Watershed Manipulation in Maine is a paired watershed experiment Monitoring of the paired catchments (East Bear Brook-reference; West Bear Brook-experimental) began in early 1987. Chemical manipulation of West Bear Brook catchment began in November 1989. Process studies on the watershed, outflow observation and monitoring and modeling simulations of predicted versus observed response, are yielding a wealth of information about the behavior of the paired catchments and their responses to the deposition of acidifying substances. Results from the studies are providing important information relevant to national policies on emissions, controls.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RP Church, MR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
NR 28
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 3
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 55
IS 1
BP 1
EP 5
DI 10.1023/A:1006167028220
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 195NR
UT WOS:000080258500001
ER
PT J
AU Alexander, SA
Palmer, CJ
AF Alexander, SA
Palmer, CJ
TI Forest health monitoring in the United States: First four years
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE bird community; crown dieback; ecological monitoring; indicator
development; ozone bioindicator plants; soil chemistry
ID ALUMINUM; SOILS; SOLUBILITY; PROGRAM
AB To address the need for more effective methods for evaluating and assessing forest ecosystem health, the USDA-Forest Service and the US Environmental Protection Agency through its Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program developed the Forest Health Monitoring program. The program was initiated in 1990 and by 1994 was present in the major areas of the United States. This paper presents an overview of the program, the indicators and methods developed for the program, and some of the results after four years of monitoring and research.
C1 US EPA, Environm Monitoring & Assessment Program Forest H, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Alexander, SA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Agr Res Extens Ctr, Painter, VA 23420 USA.
NR 24
TC 19
Z9 46
U1 2
U2 12
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 55
IS 2
BP 267
EP 277
DI 10.1023/A:1005905310299
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 195NT
UT WOS:000080258600002
ER
PT J
AU Vatavuk, WM
AF Vatavuk, WM
TI Air pollution control cost indexes: Update #7
SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Vatavuk, WM (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0278-4491
J9 ENVIRON PROG
JI Environ. Prog.
PD SPR
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 1
BP A16
EP A18
PG 3
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental
Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 190KE
UT WOS:000079961100003
ER
PT J
AU Anastas, PT
Williamson, TC
Hjeresen, D
Breen, JJ
AF Anastas, PT
Williamson, TC
Hjeresen, D
Breen, JJ
TI Promoting green chemistry initiatives
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
C1 US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Ind Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Envrionm Management Programs, Los Alamos, NM USA.
Green Chem Inst, Rockville, MD USA.
RP Anastas, PT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Ind Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RI Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013
OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172
NR 4
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 18
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD MAR 1
PY 1999
VL 33
IS 5
BP 116A
EP 119A
PG 4
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 172MU
UT WOS:000078929000011
PM 21657757
ER
PT J
AU Liber, K
Knuth, ML
Stay, FS
AF Liber, K
Knuth, ML
Stay, FS
TI An integrated evaluation of the persistence and effects of 4-nonylphenol
in an experimental littoral ecosystem
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE nonylphenol; littoral enclosures; chemical persistence; biological
effects
ID ACCUMULATION; CHEMICALS
AB A comprehensive littoral enclosure study was conducted to assess the persistence and distribution of 4-nonylphenol (NP) in a littoral ecosystem, and to evaluate the compound's effects on resident aquatic biota. Enclosures with a mean (+/-SD) surface area and volume of 31.4 +/- 3.3 m(2) and 32.0 +/- 6.4 m(3), respectively, received eleven applications at 48-h intervals with one of four different rates of NP. This created a 20-d application period which was followed by a three to fourteen month observation period, depending on the endpoint measured. Mean +/- SD NP concentrations in the water column measured 2 h after each application averaged 5 +/- 4, 23 +/- 11, 76 +/- 21, and 243 +/- 41 mu g/L at nominal treatments of 3, 30, 100, and 300 mu g/L, respectively. Persistence in the water column was relatively short, with a dissipation half-life estimated at less than or equal to 1.2 d. Persistence of NP in sediment and on macrophytes was substantially longer, with estimated half-lives of 28 to 104 d and 8 to 13 d, respectively. Zooplankton was the most sensitive group of organisms evaluated, with significant reductions in population abundances of some copepod taxa observed at the 23 +/- 11-mu g/L treatment. Fish survival was affected at 243 +/- 41 mu g/L. The most sensitive benthic macroinvertebrate taxon, Pisidium (Bivalvia) was affected at 76 +/- 21 mu g/L, but most taxa were only affected at the 243 +/- 41-mu g/L treatment. None of the assessed populations were affected at the 5 +/- 4-mu g/L treatment. Macrophytes and periphyton were not adversely affected by any of the treatments. Overall community composition, assessed at the family level or higher, was not affected at or below the 23 +/- 11-mu g/L treatment, but did exhibit substantial changes at the 243 +/- 41-mu g/L treatment. Some minor changes were observed at the 76 +/- 21-mu g/L treatment. The maximum acceptable toxicant concentration in the water column, based on protection of the most sensitive taxa in the test system, was estimated at similar to 10 mu g/L. Details on NP persistence and distribution within the enclosures, and detailed effects on zooplankton, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish are described in four separate papers immediately following this overview.
C1 Univ Wisconsin Super, Lake Super Res Inst, Superior, WI 54880 USA.
US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
RP Liber, K (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.
NR 23
TC 42
Z9 50
U1 0
U2 10
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 3
BP 357
EP 362
DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0357:AIEOTP>2.3.CO;2
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 167WX
UT WOS:000078658100001
ER
PT J
AU Heinis, LJ
Knuth, ML
Liber, K
Sheedy, BR
Tunell, RL
Ankley, GT
AF Heinis, LJ
Knuth, ML
Liber, K
Sheedy, BR
Tunell, RL
Ankley, GT
TI Persistence and distribution of 4-nonylphenol following repeated
application to littoral enclosures
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE 4-nonylphenol; persistence; sediment; littoral enclosures
ID ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; MICROBIAL
COMMUNITIES; XENOBIOTIC COMPOUNDS; NONYL-PHENOL; TEST SYSTEMS;
BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; BEHAVIOR; TRANSFORMATION
AB The persistence and distribution of Lt-nonylphenol (NP) were monitored for 440 d, following application to 18 littoral enclosures (4 x 7-8 m), situated in a 2-ha mesotrophic pond near Duluth, Minnesota. Application was accomplished by subsurface, gravity-fed injection over a 20-d period, with a 2-d frequency, to achieve nominal aqueous concentrations of 0, 3, 30, 100, and 300 mu g/L. Mean maximum concentrations in the water over the 20-d application period ranged from 75.7 to 81.0% of nominal for the three highest treatment levels and was 181% of nominal at the lowest treatment level. Water was the major compartment, on a mass balance basis, for NP until 2 to 4 d after the application period, with a mean time to 50% dissipation (DT50) of 0.74 d and a mean time to 95% dissipation (DT95) of 13.8 d. 4-Nonylphenol partitioned to enclosure wall material, macrophytes, and sediment within 2 d of initial application. Macrophytes accumulated maximum NP concentrations of 11.5 and 139 mg/kg 1 to 2 d after the application period at the 30- and 300-mu g/L treatment levels, respectively. Mean DT50 and DT95 estimates of NP persistence in/on the macrophytes were 10.3 and 189 d, respectively. Sediment from the 30- and 300-mu g/L treatments accumulated maximum dry weight NP concentrations of 2.74 and 27.4 mg/kg, respectively within 20 to 48 d of the first application. The mean sediment porewater NP concentration was 18.6 mu g/L for the period 2 to 34 d after application 1 at the 300-mu g/L treatment. The sediment was the primary sink for NP 440 d after the initial application with a concentration of 1.97 mg/kg at the 300-mu g/L treatment. Mean sediment DT50 and DT95 values were 66.0 and 401 d, respectively, indicating a long-term persistence of NP. Ecocores collected 1 d after the final NP application did not show significant decreases in sediment NP concentration during a 55-d incubation period, corroborating the NP persistence observed in the littoral enclosures.
C1 US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
Univ Wisconsin Super, Lake Super Res Inst, Superior, WI 54880 USA.
RP Heinis, LJ (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
NR 39
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 4
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 3
BP 363
EP 375
DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0363:PADONF>2.3.CO;2
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 167WX
UT WOS:000078658100002
ER
PT J
AU O'Halloran, SL
Liber, K
Gangl, JA
Knuth, ML
AF O'Halloran, SL
Liber, K
Gangl, JA
Knuth, ML
TI Effects of repeated exposure to 4-nonylphenol on the zooplankton
community in littoral enclosures
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE zooplankton; nonylphenol; toxicity; mesocosms; abundance
AB The effects of 4-nonylphenol (NP) on freshwater zooplankton were evaluated in 18 littoral enclosure mesocosms in northeastern Minnesota. The 18 enclosures were allocated to three blocks of six units with each block including two untreated control enclosures and one enclosure for each of four NP treatments (3, 30, 100, and 300 mu g/L). Treated enclosures received 11 applications of NP over a 20-d period between July 8 and 28, 1993. Maximum NP concentrations measured in the water column 2 h after each application averaged (+/-SD) 5 +/- 4, 23 +/- 11, 76 +/- 21, and 243 +/- 41 mu g/L over the 11 applications. Nonylphenol dissipated rapidly from the water column but was more persistent in sediments and in/on macrophytes. All cladoceran and copepod taxa were significantly reduced in abundance at 243 +/- 41 mu g/L; some sensitive taxa were also affected at 76 +/- 21 and 23 +/- 11 mu g/L. While many rotifer taxa were unaffected at any of the test concentrations, several were affected at greater than or equal to 76 +/- 21 mu g/L. Ostracods were only affected at 243 +/- 41 IJ-gn No zooplankton taxon was affected at 5 +/- 4 mu g/L. The period of maximum impact usually occurred within 1 to 7 d of the last NP application, and recovery to control abundance levels generally occurred within 7 to 28 d of the last NP application. Two sensitive taxa, Acroperus and Calanoida, did not recover at greater than or equal to 76 +/- 21 mu g/L by the end of the study. The maximum acceptable toxicant concentration for protection of all zooplankton taxa was estimated at similar to 10 mu g/L, although overall community diversity was unaffected at 23 +/- 11. The water was the most probable route of NP exposure, but the greater persistence of NP residues in/on macropyhtes may have contributed to the lack of recovery of some macrophyte-associated taxa.
C1 Univ Wisconsin Super, Laker Super Res Inst, Superior, WI 54880 USA.
US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
RP Liber, K (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.
NR 34
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 2
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 3
BP 376
EP 385
DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0376:EORETN>2.3.CO;2
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 167WX
UT WOS:000078658100003
ER
PT J
AU Schmude, KL
Liber, K
Corry, TD
Stay, FS
AF Schmude, KL
Liber, K
Corry, TD
Stay, FS
TI Effects of 4-nonylphenol on benthic macroinvertebrates and insect
emergence in littoral enclosures
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE aquatic macroinvertebrates; 4-nonylphenol; impacts; littoral enclosures
ID DIFLUBENZURON; PERSISTENCE; ESFENVALERATE; WATER
AB The effect of 4-nonylphenol (NP) on benthic, freshwater macroinvertebrates in littoral enclosures was evaluated over a 2-year period. Enclosures received 11 NP applications, 48 h apart, with nominal rates of 3, 30, 100, and 300 mu g/L. Mean measured peak concentrations in integrated water column samples over the 20-d application period were 5 +/- 4, 23 +/- 11, 76 +/- 21, and 243 +/- 41 mu g/L NP. Concentrations of NP in the water column decreased rapidly after the last application. Maximum NP concentrations measured in sediments, pore water, and macrophytes of a 300-mu g/L enclosure were 27.4 mg/kg, 29.9 mu g/L, and 89.6 mg/kg, respectively. The most abundant macroinvertebrate groups, Chironomidae, Oligochaeta, and Mollusca, decreased in abundance after application. Effects on Mollusca were thr most severe. Their numbers were significantly reduced at the highest treatment (243 +/- 41 mu g/L NP) throughout most of the study. Oligochaetes (Naididae, Tubificidae) and chironomids (Tanytarsini, Chironomini) were also significantly reduced at the highest treatment, but populations recovered within 6 weeks. Snails and naidid oligochaetes were slightly affected at the second highest treatment (76 +/- 21 mu g/L NP). Insect emergence was reduced during and immediately post application, but the effects were likely caused or compounded by a surfactant sheen on the surface of the water that interfered with emergence and/or oviposition. The observed effects on the benthic community were most likely due to exposure from the water, although more persistent macrophyte-associated residues may have contributed to effects on Gastropoda, Naididae, and Tanytarsini. Macrophyte-associated NP residues may pose a small risk to benthic organisms, but it is probably minor compared to water exposures. The no-observed and lowest-observed-effect concentration for the benthic community was 23 +/- 11 and 76 +/- 21 mu g/L NP, respectively.
C1 Univ Wisconsin Super, Lake Super Res Inst, Superior, WI 54880 USA.
US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
RP Liber, K (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Super, Lake Super Res Inst, 1800 Grand Ave, Superior, WI 54880 USA.
NR 35
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 7
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 3
BP 386
EP 393
DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0386:EONOBM>2.3.CO;2
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 167WX
UT WOS:000078658100004
ER
PT J
AU Liber, K
Gangl, JA
Corry, TD
Heinis, LJ
Stay, FS
AF Liber, K
Gangl, JA
Corry, TD
Heinis, LJ
Stay, FS
TI Lethality and bioaccumulation of 4-nonylphenol in bluegill sunfish in
littoral enclosures
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE nonylphenol; bluegill sunfish; mesocosms; toxicity; bioaccumulation
ID NONYL-PHENOL; TOXICITY; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALKYLPHENOLS; ACCUMULATION;
SURFACTANTS; ETHOXYLATES; CHEMICALS
AB Toxicity and bioaccumulation in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) of 4-nonylphenol (NP), a common precursor and degradation intermediate of certain nonionic surfactants, were evaluated in a set of 18 aquatic mesocosms (littoral enclosures) in northeastern Minnesota. Nonylphenol was applied to enclosures every 48 h over a 20-d period (11 applications) at rates of 3, 30, 100, and 300 mu g/L. Additional enclosures served as untreated controls. Maximum NP levels in the integrated water column 2 h after each application averaged 5 +/- 4, 23 +/- 11, 76 +/- 21, and 243 +/- 41 mu g/L over the 11 applications at the 3-, 30-, 100-, and 300-mu g/L treatments, respectively. Sixty-one percent of the NP dissipated from the water column within similar to 39 h of each application. Estimated survival of stocked juvenile bluegills was significantly reduced at the 300-mu g/L NP treatment. No significant effects were noted at the other NP treatments; however, the 100-mu g/L enclosure with the highest mean NP concentration (93 +/- 39 mu g/L) within that treatment had four to nine times more dead bluegills and four to six times fewer bluegills captured at the end of the season than the other two 100-mu g/L enclosures (64 +/- 23 and 71 +/- 32 mu g/L) and the controls, suggesting increased mortality in this enclosure, Nonylphenol tissue concentrations in juvenile bluegills collected from enclosures treated with 3 and 30 mu g/L NP ranged from 0.01 to 2.94 mu g/g wet weight and showed a significant positive relationship with the average measured NP concentration in the water. The mean wet weight nonequilibrium NP bioaccumulation factor was 87 +/- 124. There was no relationship between fish lipid content and NP tissue concentration.
C1 Univ Wisconsin Super, Lake Super Res Inst, Superior, WI 54880 USA.
US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
RP Liber, K (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.
NR 30
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 13
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 3
BP 394
EP 400
DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0394:LABONI>2.3.CO;2
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 167WX
UT WOS:000078658100005
ER
PT J
AU Pillard, DA
DuFresne, DL
Tietge, JE
Evans, JM
AF Pillard, DA
DuFresne, DL
Tietge, JE
Evans, JM
TI Response of mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia), sheepshead minnow
(Cyprinodon variegatus), and inland silverside minnow (Menidia
beryllina) to changes in artificial seawater salinity
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE salinity; toxicity; Mysidopsis bahia; Cyprinodon variegatus; Menidia
beryllina
ID DAPHNIA-MAGNA; TOXICITY; ACCLIMATION; WATERS; MODELS; IONS
AB Although marine organisms are adapted to naturally high concentrations of total dissolved solids (salinity) in their environment, abnormally high or low concentrations of ions can be toxic. Toxicity can result from aberrant levels of a single ion or from shifts in the entire spectrum of salts that comprise saltwater. To determine how marine organisms will respond to drastic swings in solution salinity and to provide a predictive tool to assess toxicity attributable to salinity, three common marine test organisms were exposed to balanced solutions ranging in salinity from near zero to more than 80 parts per thousand. The organisms tested were mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia), sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), and inland silverside minnow (Menidia beryllina). Logistic regression was used to relate salinity to survival for each of the three rest species. Survival of all three species was reduced at low and high salinities, although impacts to mysid shrimp at salinities of 4 parts per thousand or less were more pronounced than to either fish species. In high-salinity studies, mysid shrimp and inland silverside minnows had 48-h LC50s of approx. 45 parts per thousand; a 48-h LC50 of nearly 70 parts per thousand was calculated for the sheepshead minnow. Mysid shrimp and sheepshead minnows were relatively consistent in their response to saline solutions, whereas silverside minnows were more variable in their response.
C1 ENSR, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
US EPA, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
Gas Res Inst, Chicago, IL 60631 USA.
RP Pillard, DA (reprint author), ENSR, 4303 W LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
EM dpillard@ensr.com
NR 30
TC 20
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 3
BP 430
EP 435
DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0430:ROMSMB>2.3.CO;2
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 167WX
UT WOS:000078658100010
ER
PT J
AU Loomis, D
Castillejos, M
Gold, DR
McDonnell, W
Borja-Aburto, VH
AF Loomis, D
Castillejos, M
Gold, DR
McDonnell, W
Borja-Aburto, VH
TI Air pollution and infant mortality in Mexico City
SO EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE air pollution; fine particles; dust; ozone; infant mortality; Mexico;
developing countries
ID PULMONARY-FUNCTION; RESPIRATORY-FUNCTION; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; AMBIENT
OZONE; SCHOOLCHILDREN; ASSOCIATION; HEALTH; PARTICLES; CHILDREN; URBAN
AB Historic air pollution episodes of the 1950s led to acute increases in infant mortality, and some recent epidemiologic studies suggest that infant or child mortality may still result from air pollution at current levels. To investigate the evidence for such an association, we conducted a time-series study of infant mortality in the southwestern part of Mexico City in the years 1993 to 1995 using mortality data from death registrations and air pollution measurements from a monitoring station we operated. Excess infant mortality was associated with the level of fine particles in the days before death, with the strongest association observed for the average concentration of fine particles during the period 3 to 5 days previously: a 10-mu g m(-3) increase in the mean level of fine particles during these 3 days was associated with a 6.9% excess of infant deaths (95% confidence interval 2.-11.3%), Infant mortality was also associated with the levels of nitrogen dioxide and ozone 3 to 5 days before death, hut not as consistently as with particles.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Cambridge, MA USA.
Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
Harvard Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico.
RP Loomis, D (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, CB-7400 UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
RI Alejandro Martin, Serguei/A-6593-2012
NR 32
TC 143
Z9 149
U1 1
U2 19
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 1044-3983
J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY
JI Epidemiology
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 10
IS 2
BP 118
EP 123
DI 10.1097/00001648-199903000-00006
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 169KC
UT WOS:000078746100006
PM 10069245
ER
PT J
AU Roelke, DL
Eldridge, PM
Cifuentes, LA
AF Roelke, DL
Eldridge, PM
Cifuentes, LA
TI A model of phytoplankton competition for limiting and nonlimiting
nutrients: Implications for development of estuarine and nearshore
management schemes
SO ESTUARIES
LA English
DT Article
ID RESOURCE COMPETITION; NITRATE UPTAKE; PSEUDONITZSCHIA-AUSTRALIS;
MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; SPECIES COMPOSITION; POPULATION-GROWTH; PLANKTONIC
ALGAE; PHOSPHATE-UPTAKE; UPTAKE KINETICS; FRESH-WATER
AB The global increase of noxious bloom occurrences has increased the need for phytoplankton management schemes. Such schemes require the ability to predict phytoplankton succession. Equilibrium Resource Competition theory, which is popular for predicting succession in lake systems, may not be useful in more dynamic environments, such as estuaries and coastal waters. We developed a mathematical model better suited to nonsteady state conditions. Our model incorporated luxury consumption of nonlimiting nutrients and cell starvation processes into a cell-quota-based nutrient-phytoplankton scheme. Nutrient pools described included nitrogen and phosphorus. Phytoplankton groups characterized in the model were a phosphorus-specialist, a nitrogen-specialist, and an intermediate group. We emphasized competition for nutrients under conditions of continuous and pulsing nutrient supply, as well as different nutrient loading ratios. Our results suggest that delivering nutrients in a pulsing fashion produces dramatic differences in phytoplankton community composition over a given period, that is, reduction of accumulated biomass of slower growing algae. Coastal managers may be able to inhibit initiation of slow-growing noxious blooms in estuaries and coastal waters by pulsing nutrient inputs from point sources, such as sewage treatment plants.
C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
US EPA, WED, NHEERL, Coastal Ecol Branch, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
RP Roelke, DL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM droelke@wfscgate.tamu.edu
RI Roelke, Daniel/B-5766-2008
NR 79
TC 60
Z9 64
U1 1
U2 23
PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION
PI PORT REPUBLIC
PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA
SN 0160-8347
J9 ESTUARIES
JI Estuaries
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 22
IS 1
BP 92
EP 104
DI 10.2307/1352930
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 188MJ
UT WOS:000079850600011
ER
PT J
AU Anzzolin, AR
Siedlecki, M
Lloyd, J
AF Anzzolin, AR
Siedlecki, M
Lloyd, J
TI The challenge of ground water quality monitoring
SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Anzzolin, AR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA
SN 1069-3629
J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R
JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat.
PD SPR
PY 1999
VL 19
IS 2
BP 57
EP 60
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1999.tb00204.x
PG 4
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 199CU
UT WOS:000080462500002
ER
PT J
AU McCaulou, DR
Huling, SG
AF McCaulou, DR
Huling, SG
TI Compatibility of bentonite and DNAPLs
SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; ORGANIC LIQUIDS; COMPACTED CLAY; SOILS; WATER;
SOLVENTS
AB The compatibility of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), trichloroethylene (TCE), methylene chloride (MC), and creosote with commercially available sodium bentonite pellets was evaluated using stainless steel, double ring, falling head permeameters. The hydraulic conductivity (K) of the bentonite clay was measured under three experimental conditions: (1) water soluble constituents of the DNAPLs were used to hydrate and permeate the bentonite; (2) bentonite pellets were submersed in DNAPL prior to hydration and permeation with water; and (3) DNAPLs were pooled on water-hydrated bentonite. Further, the effect of hydraulic head (2.5, 145, and 710 cm) on water-hydrated bentonite permeated with TCE and the effects of TCE exposure time to mixtures of bentonite grout and sand were measured.
Solubility concentrations of DNAPL constituents did not effect the hydraulic conductivity of the bentonite pellets relative to baseline (water only) measurements; a competent hydraulic barrier was formed (K < 5 x 10(-9) cm/s). Bentonite pellets submersed in DNAPLs retained their rigid shape, did not swell, and did not perform as a hydraulic barrier. However, when the DNAPL was removed and replaced with water, the DNAPL-wetted pellets imbibed water to swell and form an adequate hydraulic barrier (K < 6 X 10(-9) cm/s). Competent hydraulic barriers constructed with bentonite pellets and hydrated with water were subsequently permeated with TCE, MC, or creosote DNAPLs developing desiccation cracks up to 5 mm wide. The intrinsic permeability of water-hydrated bentonite was 46 to 2640 times greater to DNAPLs relative to water, indicating that the desiccation cracks predominantly facilitated preferential DNAPL transport. The propagation rate of cracks was positively correlated to the hydraulic gradient, but the formation of cracks is chemically dependent on the contact time of DNAPL. Silica sand is expansively inert, yet 95, 90, 83, 75, and 50% (wt sand/wt bentonite) mixtures with bentonite grout were insufficient to prevent desiccation cracks and hydraulic failure. The incompatibility between DNAPLs and bentonite observed in this study is important due to the numerous exploratory borings in DNAPL zones, the increasing dependency on hydraulic containment as a remedial alternative, and the fact that such remedial systems are often designed to be functional for many years.
C1 Hydro Geo Chem Inc, Tucson, AZ 85705 USA.
US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Ada, OK USA.
RP McCaulou, DR (reprint author), Hydro Geo Chem Inc, 51 W Wetmore, Tucson, AZ 85705 USA.
NR 26
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 4
PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA
SN 1069-3629
J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R
JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat.
PD SPR
PY 1999
VL 19
IS 2
BP 78
EP 86
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1999.tb00208.x
PG 9
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 199CU
UT WOS:000080462500006
ER
PT J
AU DiGiulio, DC
Ravi, V
Brusseau, ML
AF DiGiulio, DC
Ravi, V
Brusseau, ML
TI Evaluation of mass flux to and from ground water using a vertical flux
model (VFLUX): Application to the soil vacuum extraction closure problem
SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID PARTITIONING TRACER
AB Site closure for soil vacuum extraction (SVE) application typically requires attainment of specified soil concentration standards based on the premise that mass flux from the vadose zone to ground water not result in levels exceeding maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). Unfortunately, realization of MCLs in ground water may not be attainable at many sites. This results in soil remediation efforts that may be in excess of what is necessary for future protection of ground water and soil remediation goals which often cannot be achieved within a reasonable time period. Soil venting practitioners have attempted to circumvent these problems by basing closure on some predefined percent total mass removal, or an approach to a vapor concentration asymptote. These approaches, however, are subjective and influenced by venting design. We propose an alternative strategy based on evaluation of five components: (1) site characterization, (2) design, (3) performance monitoring, (4) rate-limited vapor transport, and (5) mass flux to and from ground water. Demonstration of closure is dependent on satisfactory assessment of all five components. The focus of this paper is to support mass flux evaluation. We present a plan based on monitoring of three subsurface zones and develop an analytical one-dimensional vertical flux model we term VFLUX. VFLUX is a significant improvement over the well-known numerical one-dimensional model, VLEACH, which is often used for estimation of mass flux to ground water, because it allows for the presence of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in soil, degradation, and a time-dependent boundary condition at the water table interface. The time-dependent boundary condition is the centerpiece of our mass flux approach because it dynamically links performance of ground water remediation to SVE closure. Progress or lack of progress in ground water remediation results in either increasingly or decreasingly stringent closure requirements, respectively.
C1 US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA.
Dynam Corp, Ada, OK USA.
Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
Univ Arizona, Dept Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP DiGiulio, DC (reprint author), US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA.
NR 8
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 7
PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA
SN 1069-3629
J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R
JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat.
PD SPR
PY 1999
VL 19
IS 2
BP 96
EP 104
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1999.tb00210.x
PG 9
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 199CU
UT WOS:000080462500008
ER
PT J
AU Sparks, LE
Guo, Z
Chang, JC
Tichenor, BA
AF Sparks, LE
Guo, Z
Chang, JC
Tichenor, BA
TI Volatile organic compound emissions from latex paint - Part 1. Chamber
experiments and source model development
SO INDOOR AIR-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
DE indoor air quality; latex paint; emission models; VOCs; chamber studies
ID INDOOR
AB Latex paints are widely used in residential and commercial indoor environments. The surface areas covered by the paints in these environments are relatively large. Thus, latex paints have the potential for having a major impact on indoor air quality (IAQ). A study was undertaken to develop methods for evaluating the impact of latex paint emission on IAQ. Small chamber experiments using stainless steel and Fainted and unpainted gypsum board substrates were conducted to determine the emission characteristics of latex paint. The emissions from the stainless steel were relatively short lived (3 to 4 days), whereas the emissions from gypsum board lasted for over 200 days. Because gypsum board is a common substrate for latex paint, all emission models were developed for the gypsum board substrates. The data from the small chamber tests led to the development of two empirical and two mass-transfer-based source emission models. Approximately 100 to 200 days of data were required to estimate the parameters required for the empirical models. Only 8 days of data were required to estimate the parameters for the mass-transfer-based models. The final models use paint formulation and mass transfer correlations to predict the emissions of the major individual volatile organic compounds emitted by latex paint.
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Indoor Environm Management Branch MD 54, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Sparks, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Indoor Environm Management Branch MD 54, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 24
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 1
U2 12
PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD
PI COPENHAGEN
PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
SN 0905-6947
J9 INDOOR AIR
JI Indoor Air-Int. J. Indoor Air Qual. Clim.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 9
IS 1
BP 10
EP 17
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.1999.t01-3-00003.x
PG 8
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public,
Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health
GA 177VQ
UT WOS:000079232100002
PM 10195271
ER
PT J
AU Sparks, LE
Guo, Z
Chang, JC
Tichenor, BA
AF Sparks, LE
Guo, Z
Chang, JC
Tichenor, BA
TI Volatile organic compound emissions from latex paint - Part 2. Test
house studies and indoor air quality (IAQ) modeling
SO INDOOR AIR-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
DE indoor air quality model; latex paint; test house; emission models;
sinks
AB Emission models developed using small chamber data were combined with an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) model to analyze the impact of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from latex paint on indoor environments. Test house experiments were conducted to verify the IAQ model's predictions. The agreement between model predictions and experimental measurements met the American Society for Testing and Materials criteria for model verification in the room with the source and met most of the requirements in other rooms. The major cause of disagreement between the model predictions and the experimental data in the test house appears to be an inadequate sink model.
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Indoor Environm Management Branch MD 54, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Sparks, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Indoor Environm Management Branch MD 54, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 11
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 12
PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD
PI COPENHAGEN
PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
SN 0905-6947
J9 INDOOR AIR
JI Indoor Air-Int. J. Indoor Air Qual. Clim.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 9
IS 1
BP 18
EP 25
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.1999.t01-3-00004.x
PG 8
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public,
Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health
GA 177VQ
UT WOS:000079232100003
PM 10195272
ER
PT J
AU Reddy, TV
Olson, GR
Wiechman, B
Reddy, G
Torsella, J
Daniel, FB
Leach, GJ
AF Reddy, TV
Olson, GR
Wiechman, B
Reddy, G
Torsella, J
Daniel, FB
Leach, GJ
TI Toxicity of tetryl (N-methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitroaniline) in F344 rats
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE alpha-2-MicroGlobulin; F344 rats; methemoglobin; subchronic toxicity;
tetryl (N-methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitroaniline)
ID 1,3,5-TRINITROBENZENE TNB; FISCHER-344 RATS; ALPHA-2U-GLOBULIN;
TRINITROTOLUENE
AB The toxicity of tetryl (N-methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitroaniline) in male and female F344 rats was evaluated after adminstration in the diet for 14 or 90 days. The 14 day study diet concentrations used were 0, 500, 1250, 2000, 2500, and 5000 ppm; the 90-day study diet concentrations were 0, 200, 1000, and 3000 ppm tetryl in the diet. The calculated average daily tetryl intake was 32.1, 82.5, 130.3, 178.9, and 374.4 mg/kg body weight (BW) for females and 31.8, 80.0, 121.0, 170.5, and 349.7 mg/kg BW for males in the 14-day study. For the 90-day studies, the daily tetryl intake was 14.2, 68.8, and 199.0 mg/kg BW for females and 13.0, 62.4, and 179.6 mg/kg BW for males. In the 14-day study, there was a significant decrease in body weights (males), whereas relative (organ/body weight) liver and spleen (females), and kidney (males) weights were significantly increased in the 5000-ppm dose group. Hematological effects observed were decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit and an increased number of reticulocyts in females (2000 to 5000 ppm). Methemoglobin levels in males (2000 to 5000 ppm) and females (5000 ppm) and total blood protein and albumin levels in all groups of males and females (except 500 ppm) were significantly increased. Histopathological changes were observed in kidneys (deposition of cytoplasmic droplets) of ail dose groups of male rats. In the subchronic (90-day) study feed intake was reduced in all dose groups, but a significant decrease in terminal body weights was observed in females (1000 and 3000 ppm) and males (3000 ppm). An increase in the relative liver, kidney (1000-3000 ppm), and spleen (3000 ppm) weights mere noted in both sexes. The hemoglobin content and red blood cell count were decreased whereas the reticulocyte count was elevated (3000 ppm) in both sexes at 45 and 90 days. Methemoglobin levels were increased in both sexes (1000 and 3000 ppm). Histopathological changes were noted in the spleen (pigment deposition and erythroid cell hyperplasia) of both sexes (3000 ppm) and kidneys (tubular degeneration and cytoplasmic droplets containing alpha-2-micro globulin) of male rats (1000 to 3000 ppm). A no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for both sexes was 13 mg/kg BW/day was determined.
C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA.
US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
Pathol Associates Inc, W Chester, OH USA.
RP Reddy, TV (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Bldg E-2100, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA.
NR 31
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND
SN 1091-5818
J9 INT J TOXICOL
JI Int. J. Toxicol.
PD MAR-APR
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 2
BP 97
EP 107
PG 11
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 171QT
UT WOS:000078875600002
ER
PT J
AU Sarnoff, JD
AF Sarnoff, JD
TI Equality as uncertainty
SO IOWA LAW REVIEW
LA English
DT Review
ID STARE-DECISIS; LAW; EMPTY; RULES; POWER; IDEA
C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
Covington & Burling Associates, Washington, DC USA.
US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 142
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV IOWA
PI IOWA CITY
PA IOWA LAW REVIEW COLLEGE OF LAW, IOWA CITY, IA 52242 USA
SN 0021-0552
J9 IOWA LAW REV
JI Iowa Law Rev.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 84
IS 3
BP 377
EP 411
PG 35
WC Law
SC Government & Law
GA 220RL
UT WOS:000081681200001
ER
PT J
AU Pontius, FW
Symons, J
Leiby, V
McInerney, J
Means, E
Siburg, D
Dougherty, C
AF Pontius, FW
Symons, J
Leiby, V
McInerney, J
Means, E
Siburg, D
Dougherty, C
TI The past, present, and future SDWA
SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 AWWA, Denver, CO 80235 USA.
US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
Assoc State Drinking Water Administrators, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
BHC Co, Bridgeport, CT 06610 USA.
Kitsap Publ Util Dist, Poulsbo, WA 98370 USA.
Univ Houston, Bradenton, FL 34202 USA.
RP Pontius, FW (reprint author), AWWA, 6666 W Quincy Ave, Denver, CO 80235 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC
PI DENVER
PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA
SN 0003-150X
J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS
JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 91
IS 3
BP 36
EP +
PG 4
WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA 179GB
UT WOS:000079317000008
ER
PT J
AU Islam, MR
Chaudhry, MH
Clark, RM
AF Islam, MR
Chaudhry, MH
Clark, RM
TI Inverse modeling of chlorine concentration in pipe networks under
dynamic condition - Closure
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Ada, OK 74820 USA.
Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
US EPA, NRMRL, Water Supply & Water Resour Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Islam, MR (reprint author), Mantech Environm Technol Inc, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA
SN 0733-9372
J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE
JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 125
IS 3
BP 297
EP 298
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1999)125:3(297)
PG 2
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 168GE
UT WOS:000078682700014
ER
PT J
AU Zacharias, S
Heatwole, CD
Persaud, N
Bruggeman, AC
Kumar, D
Smith, CN
AF Zacharias, S
Heatwole, CD
Persaud, N
Bruggeman, AC
Kumar, D
Smith, CN
TI Stochastic simulation of field-scale pesticide transport using opus and
GLEAMS
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Joint AGU Chapman/SSSA Outreach Conference on Applications of GIS,
Remote Sensing, Geostatistics, and Solute Transport Modeling to the
Assessment of Nonpoint Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone
CY OCT 19-24, 1997
CL RIVERSIDE, CA
SP AGU Chapman, SSSA
ID ZONE SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; HETEROGENEOUS SOIL; MODEL;
GROUNDWATER; DEGRADATION; CROP; FLOW
AB Incorporating variability in soil and chemical properties into root zone leaching models should provide a better representation of pollutant distribution in natural field conditions. Our objective was to determine if a more mechanistic rate-based model (Opus) would predict soil water and pesticide mass in the soil profile more accurately than a rapacity-based model (GLEAMS) when spatial variability and uncertainty in parameters are considered. Predictions of spatial variations of soil water content and movement of aldicarb [2-methyl-2-(methylthio)-propionaldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl) oxime] and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide] in the root zone were compared using 3 yr of observed data from a 3.9-ha agricultural field in southwest Georgia. Spatial variability of soil physical properties, pesticide properties, and pesticide application were described using probability distributions fitted to measured field data, after removing spatial trends that were physically meaningful. There were significant differences in mean soil water content predicted by the two models, although variations around the mean were comparable. Pesticide mass predictions were different on most post-application dates in both mean and spatial variation. The less rigorous GLEAMS predicted mean depth-averaged soil water content and pesticide mass in the 1.2-m profile at least as good as the more mechanistic Opus, although it did not simulate depth distributions of water or pesticide mass as well as Opus. GLEAMS simulated spatial variations of depth-averaged soil water content and pesticide mass in the field with reasonable accuracy while employing fewer parameters that exhibit lower spatial variability.
C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
PBS&J, Bowie, MD 20716 USA.
RP Heatwole, CD (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM heatwole@vt.edu
RI Bruggeman, Adriana/J-6345-2013
NR 43
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0047-2425
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD MAR-APR
PY 1999
VL 28
IS 2
BP 411
EP 423
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 175VN
UT WOS:000079116500007
ER
PT J
AU Williams, RW
Watts, RR
Stevens, RK
Stone, CL
Lewtas, J
AF Williams, RW
Watts, RR
Stevens, RK
Stone, CL
Lewtas, J
TI Evaluation of a personal air sampler for twenty-four hour collection of
fine particles and semivolatile organics
SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE air exposures; fine particulate matter; personal exposure monitor;
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
ID INDOOR; EXPOSURE; DESIGN; NICOTINE; AEROSOLS; PAH
AB The U.S. EPA has conducted an evaluation of a commercially available lightweight fine particle personal sampler for use in human exposure and biomarker studies involving 24-h collections of particulate matter, particle-bound organics such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and semivolatile organics (PAHs). Independent laboratory evaluation of the prototype design. intended to produce a 2.5-mu m aerodynamic diameter cut-point at a now between 1.5 and 1.7 Ipm (liters per minute). indicated that at a challenge flow Fate of 1.5 Ipm, the sampler provided an aerodynamic cut-point (dp(50)) of only 1.7 mu m. The variance between expected size selection resulted from the prototype's jet diameter dimension being inadvertently based upon a flow rate of 2.0 mu m rather than an intended 1.5-1.7 Ipm. Other aerodynamic factors not presently accounted for may also have played an influence. Extrapolated cut-points for now rates at 1 and 3 Ipm for the prototype were determined to be 2.1 and 1.2 mu m, respectively. Total losses attributed to unwanted particle retention within the sampler ranged from 10% for 0.91 mu m size particles to essentially zero approaching diameters greater than 2.0 mu m. The ambient concentration of particles(< 1.7 mu m) needed for acceptable gravimetric filter measurements involving 24-h sample collection was determined to be 10 mu g/m(3). Investigation of the sampler to retain and recover PAHs using XAD-2 resin, often of importance in human exposure biomarker studies, indicated that corrected recoveries between 94% and 108% could be obtained for 16 priority pollutant PAH species. Overall evaluation of the personal monitor indicates that it has research utility due to its modular features and size but reconfiguration should be performed that would permit true PM2.5 size selection. The current configuration collects particles less than 2.5 mu m at approximately 95% collection efficiency.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Williams, RW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD-56, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 32
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 5
PU STOCKTON PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA
SN 1053-4245
J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID
JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol.
PD MAR-APR
PY 1999
VL 9
IS 2
BP 158
EP 166
DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500028
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 297VJ
UT WOS:000086103100008
PM 10321355
ER
PT J
AU Boufadel, MC
Suidan, MT
Venosa, AD
Bowers, MT
AF Boufadel, MC
Suidan, MT
Venosa, AD
Bowers, MT
TI Steady seepage in trenches and dams: Effect of capillary flow
SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
ID NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; UNSATURATED FLOW; INFILTRATION; TRANSIENT; EQUATION;
DRAINAGE; SURFACE; MODEL
AB Steady seepage from two-dimensional domains is investigated using a dimensionless formulation for variably saturated media that depends on three dimensionless parameters, M, n, and alpha. The parameter M is the product of the anisotropy ratio and the squared ratio of the vertical length scale to the horizontal length scale. The parameter n increases with the uniformity of the pore sizes, and alpha represents the ratio of the domain height to the height of the capillary fringe. Our modeling results show that the seepage face height in rectangular domains is always larger than the seepage face height computed from saturated flow models. The results also show that the seepage face height increases with increasing M, increasing n, and/or decreasing alpha. The outflows computed from the present model are always larger than the outflows computed by the Dupuit assumption. Nomographs for rectangular and trapezoidal domains simulating trenches and dams are presented.
C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
US EPA, Nat Risk Mgmt Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45269 USA.
RP Boufadel, MC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, POB 340919, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
EM mboufad@ces.clemson.edu
NR 40
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 7
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA
SN 0733-9429
J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE
JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 125
IS 3
BP 286
EP 294
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:3(286)
PG 9
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA 166LC
UT WOS:000078577000009
ER
PT J
AU Mineau, P
Fletcher, MR
Glaser, LC
Thomas, NJ
Brassard, C
Wilson, LK
Elliott, JE
Lyon, LA
Henny, CJ
Bollinger, T
Porter, SL
AF Mineau, P
Fletcher, MR
Glaser, LC
Thomas, NJ
Brassard, C
Wilson, LK
Elliott, JE
Lyon, LA
Henny, CJ
Bollinger, T
Porter, SL
TI Poisoning of raptors with organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides with
emphasis on Canada, US and UK
SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
DE pesticides; anticholinesterases; poisoning; raptors; agriculture
ID ORGANO-PHOSPHATE INSECTICIDE; RED-TAILED HAWKS; AMERICAN KESTRELS; BALD
EAGLES; CONSERVATION STATUS; FENTHION TOXICITY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA;
CASE-HISTORIES; WILD BIRDS; CARBOFURAN
AB We reviewed cases of raptor mortality resulting from cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides. We compiled records from the U.S., U.K. and Canada for the period 1985-95 (520 incidents) and surveyed the relevant literature to identify the main routes of exposure and those products that led to the greatest number of poisoning cases. A high proportion of cases in the U.K. resulted from abusive uses of pesticides (willful poisoning). The proportion was smaller in North America where problems with labeled uses of pesticides were as frequent as abuse cases. Poisoning resulting from labeled use was possible with a large number of granular pesticides and some seed treatments through secondary poisoning or through the ingestion of contaminated invertebrates, notably earthworms. With the more toxic products, residue levels in freshly-sprayed insects were high enough to cause mortality. The use of organophosphorus products as avicides and for the topical treatment of livestock appeared to be common routes of intoxication. The use of insecticides in dormant oils also gave rise to exposure that can be lethal or which can debilitate birds and increase their vulnerability. A few pesticides of high toxicity were responsible for the bulk of poisoning cases. Based on limited information, raptors appeared to be more sensitive than other bird species to organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. Some of the more significant risk factors that resulted in raptor poisonings were: insectivory and vermivory, opportunistic taking of debilitated prey; scavenging, especially if the gastrointestinal tracts are consumed; presence in agricultural areas; perceived status as pest species; and flocking or other gregarious behavior at some part of their life cycle. Lethal or sublethal poisoning should always be considered in the diagnosis of dead or debilitated raptors even when another diagnosis (e.g., electrocution, car or building strike) is apparent. Many cases of poisoning are not currently diagnosed as such and, even when diagnosed, the information is often not made available to regulatory authorities. The importance of pesticide intoxications relative to other sources of mortality is highly variable in time and place; on a regional level, the increased mortality of raptors resulting from cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides can be significant, especially in the case of rare species.
C1 Canadian Wildlife Serv, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
MAFF, Cent Sci Lab, Surrey GU3 3LQ, England.
US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
US EPA, Off Sci Policy 8104R, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
Canadian Wildlife Serv, RRl Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Refuges, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Canadian Cooperat Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada.
Blue Ridge Community Coll, Weyers Cave, VA 24486 USA.
RP Mineau, P (reprint author), Canadian Wildlife Serv, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
NR 143
TC 72
Z9 75
U1 4
U2 37
PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC
PI HASTINGS
PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA
SN 0892-1016
J9 J RAPTOR RES
JI J. Raptor Res.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 33
IS 1
BP 1
EP 37
PG 37
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 190RQ
UT WOS:000079978800001
ER
PT J
AU Nunez, CM
Ramsey, GH
Kong, EJ
Bahner, MA
Wright, RS
Clayton, CA
Baskir, JN
AF Nunez, CM
Ramsey, GH
Kong, EJ
Bahner, MA
Wright, RS
Clayton, CA
Baskir, JN
TI Evaluation of pollution prevention options to reduce styrene emissions
from fiber-reinforced plastic open molding processes
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
AB Pollution prevention (P2) options to reduce styrene emissions, such as new materials and application equipment, are commercially available to the operators of open molding processes. However, information is lacking on the emissions reduction that these options can achieve. To meet this need, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, working in collaboration with Research Triangle Institute, measured styrene emissions for several of these P2 options. In addition, the emission factors calculated from these test results were compared with the existing EPA emission factors for gel coat sprayup and resin applications. Results show that styrene emissions can be reduced by up to 52% by using controlled spraying (i.e., reducing overspray), low-styrene and styrene-suppressed materials, and nonatomizing application equipment. Also, calculated emission factors were 1.6-2.5 times greater than the mid-range EPA emission factors for the corresponding gel coat and resin application. These results indicate that facilities using existing EPA emission factors to estimate emissions in open molding processes are likely to underestimate actual emissions. Facilities should investigate the applicability and feasibility of these P2 options to reduce their styrene emissions.
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Nunez, CM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 86 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 13
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 3
PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC
PI PITTSBURGH
PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA
SN 1047-3289
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 49
IS 3
BP 256
EP 267
PG 12
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 174WJ
UT WOS:000079059100002
PM 10202452
ER
PT J
AU Smith, MV
McDonnell, WF
AF Smith, MV
McDonnell, WF
TI A statistical model for FEV1 response to arbitrary dynamic ozone
exposure conditions
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID PULMONARY-FUNCTION; ACUTE INHALATION; EXERCISE; DOGS; LUNG
AB Lung function response to inhaled ozone at ambient air pollution levels is known to be a function of ozone concentration, exposure duration, and minute ventilation. Most data-driven exposure-response models address exposures under static condition (i.e., with a constant ozone concentration and exercise pattern). Such models are simplifications, as both ambient ozone concentrations and normal human activity patterns change with time. The purpose of this study was to develop a dynamic model of response with the advantages of a statistical model (a relatively simple structure with few parameters). A previously proposed mechanistic model for changes in specific airways resistance was adapted to describe the percent change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). This model was then reduced using the fit to three existing exposure-response data sets as criterion. The resulting model consists of a single linear differential equation together with an algebraic logistic equation. Under restricted static conditions the model reduces to a logistic model presented earlier by the authors.
C1 Analyt Sci Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Smith, MV (reprint author), Analyt Sci Inc, 2605 Meridan Pkwy,Suite 200, Durham, NC 27713 USA.
NR 12
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC
PI PITTSBURGH
PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA
SN 1047-3289
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 49
IS 3
BP 289
EP 298
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 174WJ
UT WOS:000079059100005
PM 10202453
ER
PT J
AU Lewis, CW
Stevens, RK
Rasmussen, RA
Cardelino, CA
Pierce, TE
AF Lewis, CW
Stevens, RK
Rasmussen, RA
Cardelino, CA
Pierce, TE
TI Biogenic fraction of ambient VOC: Comparison of radiocarbon,
chromatographic, and emissions inventory estimates for Atlanta, Georgia
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SAMPLES; URBAN
AB Previously reported volatile organic compounds (VOC) radiocarbon (C-14) measurements for 1992 summertime Atlanta, GA, have been compared with chromatographic data and emissions inventory predictions. The chromatographic approach that was used provided a more comprehensive VOC characterization than typically achieved, and the emissions inventory was research-grade level (date-, site-, and time-specific). The comparisons are-in general agreement that biogenic emissions contribute only modestly (<10%) to the VOC content of the particular ambient samples that were collected and measured. The choices of sampling site (near city-center) and times (early morning and late evening) are major influences on the results, which consequently should not be regarded as representing the average VOC biogenic impact for the Atlanta area.
C1 US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Florida Dept Environm Protect, Tallahassee, FL USA.
Oregon Grad Inst Sci & Technol, Portland, OR USA.
Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
RP Lewis, CW (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, MD-47, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM lewis.charlesw@epamail.epa.gov
NR 20
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC
PI PITTSBURGH
PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA
SN 1047-3289
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 49
IS 3
BP 299
EP 307
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 174WJ
UT WOS:000079059100006
PM 28060594
ER
PT J
AU Darvin, CH
Cox, LS
Smith, D
AF Darvin, CH
Cox, LS
Smith, D
TI Comparative study of spray booth filter system efficiency
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
AB During recent years, greater emphasis has been placed on the control of particulate emissions from painting operations. This has gained more importance as more is learned about the potential release of toxic metals to the atmosphere from painting operations. This has led to queries about the efficiency of various painting arrestor systems to reduce particulate discharges to the atmosphere. Even more important is the capability of the arrestor systems to control PM10 emissions.
In 1995, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated a study to evaluate various dry paint overspray arrestor systems. This study was designed to evaluate not only the total emissions control capability of the arrestor but also the PM10 control capability of the various system designs. Paint overspray arrestor systems using five different filtration concepts or materials were selected. They include systems constructed of fiberglass, paper, Styrofoam, and cardboard materials. These systems used filtration techniques incorporating the following filtration phenomena and designs: cyclone, baffle, bag systems, and mesh systems.
The testing used an optical particle counting procedure to determine the concentration of particles of a given size fraction to penetrate a test arrestor system. The results of the testing indicated that there are significant differences in the efficiency of the tested system designs to capture and retain PM10.
This paper summarizes the results of the research conducted to determine the capability of the arrestor systems to capture particulate of sizes down to approximately 1 mu m in surface diameter.
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Darvin, CH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 4
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 1
PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC
PI PITTSBURGH
PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA
SN 1047-3289
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 49
IS 3
BP 339
EP 344
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 174WJ
UT WOS:000079059100011
PM 10202455
ER
PT J
AU Kelce, WR
Gray, LE
AF Kelce, WR
Gray, LE
TI Environmental antiandrogens: In vitro and in vivo screening mechanisms
SO LAB ANIMAL
LA English
DT Review
ID ANDROGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; CHANGING PARAMETERS;
SEMEN QUALITY; LEYDIG-CELL; RAT TESTES; IN-VIVO; VINCLOZOLIN;
5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; SPECIFICITY
AB Increased attention to the endocrine-disrupting, or hormone-mimicking, capabilities of some chemicals has prompted the US Environmental Protection Agency to initiate a program to screen environmentally relevant chemicals for this activity. The authors discuss the specific action of environmental chemicals that alter androgen action during fetal development, and focus on the screening process: a combination of in vitro, in vive, and ex vive assays, designed to determine reproductive toxicity with the most efficiency.
C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Endocrinol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Kelce, WR (reprint author), Monsanto Co, AG Regulatory Fdn Team, 645 S Newstead Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
NR 68
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU NATURE AMERICA INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA
SN 0093-7355
J9 LAB ANIMAL
JI Lab Anim.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 28
IS 3
BP 26
EP 32
PG 7
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 174LB
UT WOS:000079035700007
ER
PT J
AU Murrell, MC
Hollibaugh, JT
Silver, MW
Wong, PS
AF Murrell, MC
Hollibaugh, JT
Silver, MW
Wong, PS
TI Bacterioplankton dynamics in northern San Francisco Bay: Role of
particle association and seasonal freshwater flow
SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID FREE-LIVING BACTERIA; EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME-ACTIVITY; AGGREGATES MARINE
SNOW; ATTACHED BACTERIA; PELAGIC TUNICATES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; COASTAL
WATERS; ORGANIC-CARBON; PHYTOPLANKTON; VARIABILITY
AB Bacterioplankton abundance and metabolic characteristics were observed in northern San Francisco Bay, California, during spring and summer 1996 at three sites: Central Bay, Suisun Bay, and the Sacramento River. These sites spanned a salinity gradient from marine to freshwater, and sampling occurred during a period of seasonally declining river flow. The microbial measures included radio-labeled amino acid uptake (L-leucine, L-proline, L-serine), ectoenzyme activity (aminopeptidase and beta-D-glucosidase), and bacterial abundance using 1-mu m filters to separate free from particle-associated bacteria. A seasonal decline in all bacterial metabolic measures was observed at all stations, suggesting that a system-wide variable may be important in controlling bacterial activity. One such variable is freshwater flow into the Bay (as a proxy for organic matter flux), which positively covaried with all metabolic measures. A sharp decline in particle-associated bacteria was also observed in Suisun Bay and the Sacramento River between July and August. This decline may have been due to combined effects of declining nutritive value of the aging particles and increasing grazing pressure by benthic filter feeders. Aminopeptidase activity was positively related with increasing salinity, and beta-D-glucosidase was negatively correlated with increasing salinity, indicating a gradient in the relative quality of organic matter from carbohydrate-rich riverine to protein-rich oceanic material. Overall, Suisun Bay had the highest mean proportion of particle-associated bacteria (49%), followed by Sacramento River (36%) and Central Bay (11%). Particles were the sites of enhanced ectoenzyme activity but not amino acid incorporation. Bacteria may be actively dissolving the particulate organic matter, but their growth rates on particles are not significantly enhanced.
C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Murrell, MC (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
NR 62
TC 52
Z9 54
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA
SN 0024-3590
J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR
JI Limnol. Oceanogr.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 44
IS 2
BP 295
EP 308
PG 14
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 179DD
UT WOS:000079309300006
ER
PT J
AU Fisher, WS
Oliver, LM
Walker, WW
Manning, CS
Lytle, TF
AF Fisher, WS
Oliver, LM
Walker, WW
Manning, CS
Lytle, TF
TI Decreased resistance of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) to a
protozoan pathogen (Perkinsus marinus) after sublethal exposure to
tributyltin oxide
SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE oyster; Crassostrea virginica; disease; Perkinsus marinus; toxicity;
(Tributyl)tin; bioaccumulation; lethal effects
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; UNITED-STATES; BUTYLTIN COMPOUNDS;
BIVALVE MOLLUSKS; BODY BURDEN; IN-VITRO; DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; COPPER
AB Anthropogenic environmental stress is a likely contributor to outbreaks of disease due to immunosuppression or increased host vulnerability. Estuarine organisms are exposed to variable concentrations of marine antifouling agents, such as tributyltin (TBT), with higher exposures existing near ports and marinas. Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica), inhabiting the northern Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic coast of North America, are susceptible to a protozoan pathogen, Perkinsus marinus, which has devastated oyster populations and depleted oyster fisheries throughout its range. This study examined the effects of exposure to environmental levels of TBT on susceptibility and survival of oysters when subsequently challenged with P. marinus. Oysters were exposed to TBT (0, 30 and 80 ng/L) in Bow-through aquaria for 9 weeks, then moved to static aquaria, where they were challenged with parasites and monitored for an additional 8 weeks for mortality and disease. Results indicated increased infection intensity and oyster mortality in the TBT-exposed treatments relative to unexposed controls. It is hypothesized that TBT exacerbates the infectious disease process and that exposed oysters succumb at lower levels of infection. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39566 USA.
RP Fisher, WS (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr,5239, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
NR 51
TC 63
Z9 64
U1 1
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0141-1136
EI 1879-0291
J9 MAR ENVIRON RES
JI Mar. Environ. Res.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 47
IS 2
BP 185
EP 201
DI 10.1016/S0141-1136(98)00114-7
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Toxicology
GA 159PD
UT WOS:000078181900006
ER
PT J
AU Kemppainen, JA
Langley, E
Wong, CI
Bobseine, K
Kelce, WR
Wilson, EM
AF Kemppainen, JA
Langley, E
Wong, CI
Bobseine, K
Kelce, WR
Wilson, EM
TI Distinguishing androgen receptor agonists and antagonists: Distinct
mechanisms of activation by medroxyprogesterone acetate and
dihydrotestosterone
SO MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN; HUMAN-BREAST-CANCER; RAT VENTRAL PROSTATE;
NONSTEROIDAL ANTIANDROGEN; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR; CONSTITUTIONAL DELAY;
BIOLOGICAL PROFILE; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NUCLEAR
RECEPTOR
AB Natural and pharmacological androgen receptor (AR) ligands were tested for their ability to induce the AR NH2-terminal and carboxyl-terminal (N/C) interaction in a two-hybrid protein assay to determine whether N/C complex formation distinguishes in vivo AR agonists from antagonists. High-affinity agonists such as dihydrotestosterone, mibolerone, testosterone, and methyltrienolone at concentrations between 0.1 and 1 nM induce the N/C interaction mote than 40-fold. The lower affinity anabolic steroids, oxandrolone and fluoxymesterone, require concentrations of 10-100 nM for up to 23-fold induction of the N/C interaction. However no N/C interaction was detected in the presence of the antagonists, hydroxyflutamide, cyproterone acetate, or RU56187, at concentrations up to 1 mu M, or with 1 mu M estradiol, progesterone, or medroxyprogesterone acetate; each of these steroids at 1-500 nM inhibited the dihydrotestosterone-induced N/C interaction, with medroxyprogesterone acetate being the most effective, in transient and stable cotransfection assays using the mouse mammary tumor virus reporter vector, all ligands displayed concentration-dependent AR agonist activity that paralleled induction of the N/C interaction, with antagonists and weaker agonists failing to induce the N/C interaction. AR dimerization and DNA binding in mobility shift assays and AR stabilization reflected, but were not dependent on, the N/C interaction. The results indicate that the N/C interaction facilitates agonist potency at low physiological ligand concentrations as detected in transcription, dimerization/DNA binding, and stabilization assays. However the N/C interaction is not required for agonist activity at sufficiently high ligand concentrations, nor does its inhibition imply antagonist activity.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Reprod Biol Lab, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Branch, Endocrinol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Wilson, EM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Reprod Biol Lab, CB 7500,Room 374,Med Sci Res Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
FU NICHD NIH HHS [IU54-HD-35041, HD-16910]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-08265]
NR 66
TC 153
Z9 154
U1 0
U2 7
PU ENDOCRINE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 USA
SN 0888-8809
J9 MOL ENDOCRINOL
JI Mol. Endocrinol.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 3
BP 440
EP 454
DI 10.1210/me.13.3.440
PG 15
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 172MY
UT WOS:000078929400009
PM 10077001
ER
PT J
AU Hobbie, EA
Macko, SA
Shugart, HH
AF Hobbie, EA
Macko, SA
Shugart, HH
TI Insights into nitrogen and carbon dynamics of ectomycorrhizal and
saprotrophic fungi from isotopic evidence
SO OECOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE nitrogen dynamics; nitrogen isotope ratio; carbon isotope ratio;
mycorrhizal fungi; succession
ID N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; GLACIER BAY; CONIFEROUS SEEDLINGS; PRIMARY
SUCCESSION; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL-NITROGEN; SOLUTION PH; OLD-FIELD;
ALASKA; COMPARTMENTS
AB The successful use of natural abundances of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopes in the study of ecosystem dynamics suggests that isotopic measurements could yield new insights into the role of fungi in nitrogen and carbon cycling. Sporocarps of mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi, vegetation, and soils were collected in young, deciduous-dominated sites and older, coniferous-dominated sites along a successional sequence at Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska. Mycorrhizal fungi had consistently higher delta(15)N and lower delta(13)C values than saprotrophic fungi. Foliar delta(13)C values were always isotopically depleted relative to both fungal types. Foliar delta(15)N values were usually, but not always, more depleted than those in saprotrophic fungi, and were consistently more depleted than in mycorrhizal fungi. We hypothesize that an apparent isotopic fractionation by mycorrhizal fungi during the transfer of nitrogen to plants may be attributed to enzymatic reactions within the fungi producing isotopically depleted amino acids, which are subsequently passed on to plant symbionts. An increasing difference between soil mineral nitrogen delta(15)N and foliar delta(15)N in later succession might therefore be a consequence of greater reliance on mycorrhizal symbionts for nitrogen supply under nitrogen-limited conditions. Carbon signatures of mycorrhizal fungi may be more enriched than those of foliage because the fungi use isotopically enriched photosynthate such as simple sugars, in contrast to the mixture of compounds present in leaves. In addition, some C-13 fractionation may occur during transport processes from leaves to roots, and during fungal chitin biosynthesis. Stable isotopes have the potential to help clarify the role of fungi in ecosystem processes.
C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
RP Hobbie, EA (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
EM hobbie@mail.cor.epa.gov
RI Shugart, Herman/C-5156-2009
NR 45
TC 170
Z9 173
U1 8
U2 77
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0029-8549
J9 OECOLOGIA
JI Oecologia
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 118
IS 3
BP 353
EP 360
DI 10.1007/s004420050736
PG 8
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 180NK
UT WOS:000079391900009
PM 28307279
ER
PT J
AU Pahler, A
Parker, J
Dekant, W
AF Pahler, A
Parker, J
Dekant, W
TI Dose-dependent protein adduct formation in kidney, liver, and blood of
rats and in human blood after perchloroethene inhalation
SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE perchloroethene; protein adducts; antibody; tumorigenicity
ID BETA-LYASE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; METABOLISM; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE;
CONJUGATION; CLEAVAGE; EXPOSURE; ACID
AB Perchloroethene (PER) was a widely used solvent and is an environmental contaminant. In bioassays for carcinogenicity, PER was found to increase the incidence of liver tumors in mice and of renal tumors in male rats. Toxic effects of PER after repeated administration are likely caused by bioactivation. PER bioactivation occurs by two pathways. Oxidation by cytochrome P450 results in trichloroacetyl chloride, which binds to lipids and proteins. Glutathione S-conjugate formation from PER and further processing of the formed S-(trichlorovinyl)glutathione to S-(trichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine, followed by cysteine conjugate beta-lyase catalyzed cleavage, resulted in the reactive dichlorothioketene, which binds to proteins under formation of N-epsilon-(dichloroacetyl)-L-lysine in proteins. The objective of this study was to comparatively quantify the dose-dependent formation of protein adducts from PER in rats and humans using antibodies with high specificity for either N-epsilon-(trichloroacetyl)-L-lysine or N-epsilon-(dichloroacetyl) -L-lysine in proteins. Male and female rats (n = 2, per concentration and time point) were exposed to 400, 40, and 10 ppm PER for 6 h and killed at various time points. Formation of N-epsilon-(dichloroacetyl)-L-lysine and N-epsilon-(trichloroacetyl)-L-lysine in proteins was comparatively quantified in subcellular fractions from liver and kidney and in blood. In addition, three male and three female human volunteers were exposed to 10 and 40 ppm PER, and formation of protein adducts in blood was analyzed using the antibodies and GC/MS after immunoaffinity enrichment of modified proteins. In liver and kidney subcellular fractions and blood of PER-exposed rats, dose-dependent formation of N-epsilon-(dichloroacetyl)-L-lysine and N epsilon-(trichloroacetyl)-L-lysine in proteins was observed. Highest concentrations of N-epsilon-(dichloroacetyl)-L-lysine in proteins were formed in kidney mitochondria, followed by kidney cytosol. Only low concentrations of N-epsilon-(dichloroacetyl)-L-lysine in proteins were present in liver proteins; blood concentrations of N-epsilon-(dichloroacetyl)-L-lysine in proteins were 5 to 10 fold lower than in kidney mitochondria. Highest concentrations of N-epsilon-(trichloroacetyl) -L-lysine were found in microsomal and cytosolic proteins from the liver of rats exposed to PER. A higher protein adduct formation was seen in PER-exposed-male than -female rats for N-epsilon-(dichloroacetyl)-L-lysine in renal mitochondrial proteins, after exposure to 400 ppm PER. In human blood samples taken 0 and 24 h after the 6 h exposures to PER, N-epsilon-(trichloroacetyl)-L-lysine-containing proteins were present in low concentrations. N epsilon-(Dichloroacetyl)L-lysine-containing proteins were not detected either by Western blotting or GC/MS after immunoaffinity chromatography. The obtained results indicate a dose-dependent covalent binding of PER metabolites to proteins in rat liver, kidney, and blood and suggest that the concentration of covalent protein adducts is much lower in blood of humans as compared to the blood of rats exposed under identical conditions.
C1 Univ Wurzburg, Dept Toxicol, Inst Toxikol, D-97078 Wurzburg, Germany.
US EPA, NCEA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Dekant, W (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Dept Toxicol, Inst Toxikol, Versbacher Str 9, D-97078 Wurzburg, Germany.
NR 26
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 3
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1096-6080
J9 TOXICOL SCI
JI Toxicol. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 48
IS 1
BP 5
EP 13
DI 10.1093/toxsci/48.1.5
PG 9
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 251PV
UT WOS:000083454800002
PM 10330678
ER
PT J
AU Selgrade, MK
AF Selgrade, MK
TI Use of immunotoxicity data in health risk assessments: uncertainties and
research to improve the process
SO TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE environmental contaminant; extrapolation; immunotoxicity; intra-species
variability; risk assessment
ID DEVELOPING IMMUNE-SYSTEM; PULMONARY HOST DEFENSES; KILLER-CELL-ACTIVITY;
ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; MURINE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS;
PERINATAL EXPOSURE; DOSE-RESPONSE; UVB RADIATION; F344 RAT
AB A number of environmental contaminants can suppress immune responses and enhance susceptibility to infectious and/or neoplastic disease. Most of the evidence for immunotoxicity of such contaminants has been obtained from laboratory animal studies and risk assessors must make decisions about risk to the human population based on these studies. Uncertainties associated with this process include determining what level of immune suppression is adverse, extrapolating across species from rodent to human, and across levels of biologic organization from effects on immune function at the cellular level to effects on incidence of disease at the population level, accounting for intra-species variability, and assessing the relationship between effects following acute, subchronic, and chronic exposure. This paper reviews immunotoxicity data that may be applied to the development of risk assessment methods and models designed to reduce some of these uncertainties. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Selgrade, MK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 49
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 3
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE,
IRELAND
SN 0300-483X
J9 TOXICOLOGY
JI Toxicology
PD MAR 1
PY 1999
VL 133
IS 1
BP 59
EP 72
DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(99)00006-2
PG 14
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 196HQ
UT WOS:000080303300004
PM 10413194
ER
PT J
AU Scheller, RM
Snarski, VM
Eaton, JG
Oehlert, GW
AF Scheller, RM
Snarski, VM
Eaton, JG
Oehlert, GW
TI An analysis of the influence of annual thermal variables on the
occurrence of fifteen warmwater fishes
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; WINTER
STARVATION; WHITE PERCH; TEMPERATURE; MORTALITY; CLIMATE; SURVIVAL;
HABITAT
AB Multisource fish-sampling data and U.S. Geological Survey temperature data from streams throughout the United States were used to investigate the influence of derived thermal regime variables on the presence or absence of 15 common warmwater fish species. The 3-year average annual thermal regime was calculated for streams where presence or absence was known for these 15 species. Six variables estimated to be of biological importance to the winter and summer survival and recruitment of a species, including measures of feeding and nonfeeding periods, were calculated from these thermal regimes. Stepwise discriminant analysis and multiple regression were used to select optimal variables for creating multivariate models. Parametric and nonparametric multivariate discriminant analyses were then performed to test our ability to correctly classify presence or absence using the thermal variables. These statistical empirical models were able to correctly predict presence or absence with greater than 90% accuracy for 13 of 15 species. Nonparametric (Kth nearest neighbor) analyses had marginally more accurate predictions than parametric (linear) analyses. This technique may allow for an improved estimation of potential changes in distribution under various global warming scenarios.
C1 DynTel Corp, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MidContinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Stat, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Scheller, RM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RI Scheller, Robert/B-3135-2009
NR 28
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 128
IS 2
BP 257
EP 264
DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0257:AAOTIO>2.0.CO;2
PG 8
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 212JE
UT WOS:000081212900004
ER
PT J
AU McCormick, JH
Leino, RL
AF McCormick, JH
Leino, RL
TI Factors contributing to first-year recruitment failure of fishes in
acidified waters with some implications for environmental research
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Review
ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; PERCH PERCA-FLUVIATILIS; SALMO-SALAR L;
MICROPTERUS-DOLOMIEUI LACEPEDE; FLAGFISH JORDANELLA-FLORIDAE;
LITTLE-ROCK LAKE; LOW-PH; BROOK TROUT; EXPERIMENTAL ACIDIFICATION;
YELLOW PERCH
AB Factors that make fish particularly vulnerable to the effects of environmental acidification during their first year of life are examined. This perspective is based largely on the results of research carried on concurrently in the field (the Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin, acidification study, 1984-1990) and in the laboratory using water tailored to mimic that of Little Rock Lake. We discuss ways in which seasonal changes influence both the environmental challenges encountered by fishes and their ability to deal with those challenges. The vulnerability of a species may be based as much on its life history (e.g., synchrony of sensitive or resistant life stages with maximum pH challenges) as on its anatomy and physiology. The ordering of acid sensitivity of species or of life stages is based on a dynamic balancing of energy and ion uptake, storage, and loss. These processes, in turn, are linked to the length of the growing season (net uptake phase) and the winter fasting period (net loss phase). Each species and each life stage varies in its capacity to achieve this life-sustaining balance of energy and ion flux. The season and environment have an influence both on the acid challenges present and the ability of each species and life stage to cope with those challenges. One consequence of seasonality is that, in northern latitudes, the embryo-larval stage (generally considered to be the most acid sensitive) may not be the stage most susceptible to the effects of low pH. Rather, the first-year overwintering juvenile stage may be the most vulnerable, often as a result of chronic ionoregulatory failure involving damage to gill chloride cells. Anthropogenic factors are bringing about environmental changes at rates that exceed the capacity of many organisms to adjust to them, especially early life history stages. Our results support the view that aquatic toxicological studies would often benefit from increased attention to interactions involving the season, the water chemistry, and the life history stage that is present.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
US EPA, MidContinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
RP Leino, RL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
NR 123
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 128
IS 2
BP 265
EP 277
DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0265:FCTFYR>2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 212JE
UT WOS:000081212900005
ER
PT J
AU Landy, RB
Kim, IS
Lee, Y
Hoffman, MK
AF Landy, RB
Kim, IS
Lee, Y
Hoffman, MK
TI Regulatory approaches for controlling pesticide residues in food animals
SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE
LA English
DT Article
ID TOTAL DIET; POULTRY; PROGRAM; MEAT
AB This article discusses the various approaches utilized in con trolling pesticide residues in food animals. EPA, FDA, and USDA programs are examined, as are state regulatory agencies. Based on monitoring results, it appears that most pesticides are being used in the appropriate manner and that thresholds for pesticides, deemed to be adequate to protect human health, are seldom exceeded.
C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA.
Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Washington, DC USA.
US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Contaminants Stand Monitoring & Programs Branch, Washington, DC 20204 USA.
RP Landy, RB (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Power Technol Bldg,Suite 200,201 Defense Highway,, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA.
NR 28
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU W B SAUNDERS CO
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA
19106-3399 USA
SN 0749-0720
J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A
JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 15
IS 1
BP 89
EP +
PG 20
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 178JK
UT WOS:000079262400008
PM 10088214
ER
PT J
AU Hernlem, BJ
Vane, LM
Sayles, GD
AF Hernlem, BJ
Vane, LM
Sayles, GD
TI The application of siderophores for metal recovery and waste
remediation: Examination of correlations for prediction of metal
affinities
SO WATER RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE siderophores; chelator; metal complex; hydrolysis constant;
environmental remediation
ID FORMATION-CONSTANTS; COMPLEXES; LIGANDS; IONS; IRON; CHEMISTRY;
STABILITY
AB The naturally occurring metal-chelating compounds known as siderophores may be useful in environmental applications, but limited metal specificity data is available for this class of compounds. Correlations that predict ligand-metal affinity vs metal ion charge density and hydrolysis behavior are applied to the case of the siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFB). DFB-metal complex formation constants are better correlated to the first hydrolysis constant of the respective metal Cations than to the ratio of charge to metal-ligand interatomic separation. Test cases of Pb-II, Sn-II and Bi-III confirm this conclusion. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Vane, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 26
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 4
U2 9
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0043-1354
J9 WATER RES
JI Water Res.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 33
IS 4
BP 951
EP 960
DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00293-0
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 167RW
UT WOS:000078648100007
ER
PT J
AU Zhou, HB
Weinberg, CR
AF Zhou, HB
Weinberg, CR
TI Potential for bias in estimating human fecundability parameters: A
comparison of statistical models
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID EM ALGORITHM; CONCEPTION; INTERCOURSE; PROBABILITY; OVULATION; BABY; SEX
AB Fecundability studies, where couples attempting pregnancy subject to 'failure' (conception) one time in each menstrual cycle, present a natural discrete failure-time scenario. Because the biologic capacity to conceive varies among couples in the population, a complication arises in choosing a method of analysis, related to the fact that the maximum follow-up time can vary from study to study, and follow-up time could potentially have different effects on parameters based on different approaches to modelling. Traditional development in fertility studies has been based on an implicit assumption that binary outcomes for different menstrual cycles are mutually independent. We contrast traditional models to a random effects model where cycle viability is modelled as subject-specific, We clarify the interpretations for different parameters from different models. We show that the traditional approach yields some regression parameters that depend on follow-up time, limiting the generalizability of inferences based on this analytic approach. By contrast, the subject-specific model consistently estimates parameters of interest, if the underlying distribution is properly specified. Data from a fecundability study carried out in North Carolina serves to illustrate these points. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Zhou, HB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, CB 7400, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
NR 14
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 1
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD FEB 28
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 4
BP 411
EP 422
DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19990228)18:4<411::AID-SIM26>3.0.CO;2-M
PG 12
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA 164FC
UT WOS:000078451500005
PM 10070683
ER
PT J
AU Shevchenko, SM
Bailey, GW
Akim, LG
AF Shevchenko, SM
Bailey, GW
Akim, LG
TI The conformational dynamics of humic polyanions in model organic and
organo-mineral aggregates
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM
LA English
DT Article
DE force field calculations; humic substances; ionization; lignin;
lignin-carbohydrate complex; muscovite; soil
AB Molecular mechanics calculations and simulated annealing were applied to model humic polyanions originating from lignin, The dynamic behavior of such oxidized lignins in model soil organic complexes, such as an oxidized lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) and humic (oxidized LCC)-clay aggregates, was analyzed. Neither ionization nor hydrogen bonding bring significant changes in the conformational properties of oxidized lignin and LCC, Oxidized lignin and LCC oligomers (humic substances in soil) bind to the mineral surfaces, a process that was exemplified in computational experiments on complexes with muscovite. Upon ionization, a lignin-derived oligomer develops strong attractive organo-mineral interactions through cation bridges. Without metal cations, electrostatic repulsion between negatively charged anions and the oxygen-mineral surface prevails, and the two parts of the organo-mineral complex drift apart. This tendency is typical of an oxidized lignin oligomer but not of a topological oxidized LCC. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Natl Res Council, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
RP Shevchenko, SM (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, Dept Wood Chem, 391-2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
EM sergey@unixg.ubc.ca
NR 21
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-1280
J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM
JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct.
PD FEB 26
PY 1999
VL 460
IS 1-3
BP 179
EP 190
DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(98)00332-7
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 167TX
UT WOS:000078650300018
ER
PT J
AU Eder, BK
LeDuc, SK
Sickles, JE
AF Eder, BK
LeDuc, SK
Sickles, JE
TI A climatology of total ozone mapping spectrometer data using rotated
principal component analysis
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION;
EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; TRENDS; HEMISPHERE;
DEPLETION; WAVES; SBUV
AB The spatial and temporal variability of total column ozone (Omega) obtained from the total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS version 7.0) during the period 1980-1992 was examined through the use of a multivariate statistical technique called rotated principal component analysis. Utilization of Kaiser's varimax orthogonal rotation led to the identification of 14, mostly contiguous subregions that together accounted for more than 70% of the total Omega variance. Each subregion displayed statistically unique Omega characteristics that were further examined through time series and spectral density analyses, revealing significant periodicities on semiannual, annual, quasi-biennial, and longer term time frames. This analysis facilitated identification of the probable mechanisms responsible for the variability of Omega within the 14 homogeneous subregions. The mechanisms were either dynamical in nature (i.e., advection associated with baroclinic waves, the quasi-biennial oscillation, or El Nino-Southern Oscillation) or photochemical in nature (i.e., production of odd oxygen (O or O-3) associated with the annual progression of the Sun). The analysis has also revealed that the influence of a data retrieval artifact, found in equatorial latitudes of version 6.0 of the TOMS data, has been reduced in version 7.0.
C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Eder, BK (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Mail Drop 80, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 43
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD FEB 20
PY 1999
VL 104
IS D3
BP 3691
EP 3709
DI 10.1029/1998JD100070
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 168RN
UT WOS:000078706600019
ER
PT J
AU Vane, LM
Alvarez, FR
Giroux, EL
AF Vane, LM
Alvarez, FR
Giroux, EL
TI Reduction of concentration polarization in pervaporation using vibrating
membrane module
SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE concentration polarization; modules; pervaporation; water treatment;
volatile organic compounds
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASS-TRANSFER; MULTICOMPONENT PERVAPORATION;
WATER; RESISTANCE; REMOVAL
AB A vibrating membrane module currently marketed for filtration applications was evaluated for the separation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aqueous solutions by pervaporation. Preliminary screening experiments with three VOCs, three silicone membranes, and in the presence and absence of a surfactant were performed to determine if further consideration of the vibrating module for a field demonstration project was warranted. The primary process variables studied were vibrational amplitude and liquid flow rate. The vibrations greatly reduced concentration polarization in the system as inferred from an order of magnitude increase in the overall mass transport coefficient. Mass transfer coefficients for the vibrating module compared favorably with those for traditional spiral wound modules. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Vane, LM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 16
TC 34
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0376-7388
J9 J MEMBRANE SCI
JI J. Membr. Sci.
PD FEB 17
PY 1999
VL 153
IS 2
BP 233
EP 241
DI 10.1016/S0376-7388(98)00254-3
PG 9
WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science
SC Engineering; Polymer Science
GA 158VM
UT WOS:000078138100007
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, PC
Ryan, JA
AF Zhang, PC
Ryan, JA
TI Formation of chloropyromorphite from galena (PbS) in the presence of
hydroxyapatite
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LEAD IMMOBILIZATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CONTAMINATED SOILS;
TRACE-METALS; APATITE; ORTHOPHOSPHATES; PYROMORPHITE; DISSOLUTION;
PHOSPHATES; STABILITY
AB Transformation of unstable lead [Pb(ll)] forms into sparingly soluble pyromorphite [Pb-5(PO4)(3)(OH, Cl, F, ...)] by the addition of phosphate to Pb-contaminated soil has been proposed as a remediation technology to reduce the mobility and bioavailability of Pb. Galena, an insoluble lead sulfide mineral (PbS) frequently found in mining wastes, becomes unstable upon exposure to oxidizing conditions causing it to become a source of liable Pb forms in soils. Thus, a galena ore was reacted with synthetic hydroxyapatite [Ca-5(PO4)(3)OH] under various pH conditions to determine the formation rate of pyromorphite and the solubility of galena under the ambient condition. In a 6-day reaction period, the dissolution rate of galena increased with pH due to the oxidation of dissolved sulfide. Hence, formation of chloropyromorphite became apparent in the galena-apatite suspensions with increasing pH. The insignificant effect of mineral P/Pb molar ratio on the formation of chloropyromorphite implied that dissolution/oxidation of galena was the rate-limiting step.
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA.
RP Zhang, PC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, MS 0750, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
NR 26
TC 68
Z9 75
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD FEB 15
PY 1999
VL 33
IS 4
BP 618
EP 624
DI 10.1021/es980314a
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 166VN
UT WOS:000078598600015
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, PC
Ryan, JA
AF Zhang, PC
Ryan, JA
TI Transformation of Pb(II) from cerrusite to chloropyromorphite in the
presence of hydroxyapatite under varying conditions of pH
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LEAD IMMOBILIZATION; CONTAMINATED SOILS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; STREET
DUSTS; PB; BIOAVAILABILITY; PYROMORPHITE; PHOSPHATES; SPECIATION;
SOLUBILITY
AB The soluble Pb concentration and formation of chloro-pyromorphite [Pb-5(PO4)(3)Cl] were monitored during the reaction of cerrusite (PbCO3), a highly bioavailable soil Pb species, and hydroxyapatite [Ca-5(PO4)(3)OH] at various P/Pb molar ratios under constant and dynamic pH conditions. Under pH-constant systems at pH 4 and below, the dissolution rates of both cerrusite and apatite were rapid, and complete conversion of cerrusite to chloropyromorphite occurred within 60 min when the amount of phosphate added via apatite was stoichiometrically equal to that needed to transform all added Pb into chloropyromorphite. The concentration of soluble Pb depended upon the solubility of chloropyromorphite. The dissolution rates of apatite and cerrusite decreased with increasing pH, and the transformation was incomplete at pH 5 and above in the 60-min reaction period. The soluble Ph level, therefore, was determined by the solubility of cerrusite. In the pH-dynamic system, which simulated the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), a complete transformation of Pb from cerrusite to chloropyromorphite was achieved due to the complete dissolution of apatite and cerrusite at the initial law pH. In both the constant and dynamic pH systems XRD analysis indicated that chloropyromorphite was the exclusive reaction product. The differences in transformation rate and the Pb solubility between the constant and dynamic pH systems indicate the significance of kinetics in controlling the bioavailability of Pb and the potential for the reaction to occur during ingestion.
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA.
RP Zhang, PC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, MS 0750, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
NR 30
TC 100
Z9 107
U1 0
U2 16
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD FEB 15
PY 1999
VL 33
IS 4
BP 625
EP 630
DI 10.1021/es980268e
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 166VN
UT WOS:000078598600016
ER
PT J
AU Jewett, DG
Logan, BE
Arnold, RG
Bales, RC
AF Jewett, DG
Logan, BE
Arnold, RG
Bales, RC
TI Transport of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain P17 through quartz sand
columns as a function of water content
SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Pseudomonas fluorescens strain P17; porous media; quartz sand
ID UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; SOIL COLUMNS; BACTERIA; FLOW; FILTRATION;
MOVEMENT; FILTERS; BIORESTORATION; CONTAMINANTS; DEPOSITION
AB Porous media column experiments were used to investigate Pseudomonas fluorescens strain P17 transport as a function of water content and the influences of the solid-liquid and gas-liquid interfaces. Retention of radiolabeled P17 in washed quartz sand was evaluated at 100, 84, and 46% water saturation. At the completion of each experiment, the porous medium was extruded and sampled directly for cell retention on the basis of a radiolabel mass balance. Maximum cell retention occurred in the top centimeter of porous media at all three water contents and decreased with depth in the column. The total fraction of cells retained (R-t) was inversely proportional to water content, with nearly twice the cell retention at 46% saturation (R-t - 0.95) compared to retention in 100% water-saturated experiments (R-t = 0.50). Total retained cells were further divided into strongly and weakly attached fractions by settling a sample of the porous medium through groundwater to dislodge loosely adhering cells. Cells that became suspended in the solution represented the fraction retained at the gas-liquid interface or weakly attached to the solid-liquid interface (R-g). Those that remained attached to the porous medium were defined as cells strongly attached to the solid-liquid interface (R-s). Values of R-g/R-t were inversely related to water content, while R-s/R-t decreased with decreasing saturation. Bacteria thus preferentially accumulated at the gas-liquid interface with total cell removal inversely proportional to water content. The increased retention of bacteria at the gas-liquid interface indicates the presence of the interface is an important factor in limiting pathogen migration, evaluating biocolloid-facilitated transport of pollutants, and developing bioremediation strategies for unsaturated porous media. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA.
Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
Univ Arizona, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Jewett, DG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA.
RI Logan, Bruce/E-7063-2012
OI Logan, Bruce/0000-0001-7478-8070
NR 36
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-7722
J9 J CONTAM HYDROL
JI J. Contam. Hydrol.
PD FEB 15
PY 1999
VL 36
IS 1-2
BP 73
EP 89
DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(98)00143-0
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
GA 166YU
UT WOS:000078606300004
ER
PT J
AU Abbott, BD
Schmid, JE
Pitt, JA
Buckalew, AR
Wood, CR
Held, GA
Diliberto, JJ
AF Abbott, BD
Schmid, JE
Pitt, JA
Buckalew, AR
Wood, CR
Held, GA
Diliberto, JJ
TI Adverse reproductive outcomes in the transgenic Ah receptor-deficient
mouse
SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; MICE LACKING; TOXICITY; DIOXIN
AB The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a transcriptional regulatory protein that binds to upstream DNA response elements of target genes. Activation of the AHR by binding of ligands such as polyhalogenated dioxins, furans, and PCBs is associated with a wide range of adverse biological outcomes, including cancer, immune deficiencies, embryo/fetotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. Investigations of the diverse biological responses mediated by the AHR led to production of a transgenic mouse in which the gene coding for the AhR was inactivated. AHR-deficient mice were fertile and at maturity exhibited immune system impairment and hepatic fibrosis. Our laboratory received several of these homozygous knockout (-/-) mice and mated them with wild-type (+/+) C57BL/6N mice to generate large numbers of heterozygotes (+/-)). The -/- males were then mated with a total of 45 heterozygous +/- females. Offspring of these matings were genotyped and mated in all genotypic combinations. Although male and female -/- adults were fertile, the -/- females had difficulty maintaining conceptuses during pregnancy, surviving pregnancy and lactation, and rearing pups to weaning. Only 46% of the 39 pregnant -/- females successfully raised pups to weaning. The -/- pups showed poor survival during lactation (average death rate per litter was 16%) and after weaning (26.5% of the 230 weaned -/- pups died within 2 weeks). Only 39% of the implantations in uteri of -/- dams resulted in offspring surviving to Postnatal Day 45. Across all litters the sex ratios and genotypic frequencies were comparable to expected values. Reproductive success was adversely affected in Ahr-null females and conceptuses. Additional study is needed to reveal the etiology of these effects.
C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
US EPA, Off Associate Director Hlth Biostat & Res Support, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
RP Abbott, BD (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 18
TC 124
Z9 132
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0041-008X
J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM
JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
PD FEB 15
PY 1999
VL 155
IS 1
BP 62
EP 70
DI 10.1006/taap.1998.8601
PG 9
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 171HP
UT WOS:000078857800007
PM 10036219
ER
PT J
AU Kligerman, AD
DeMarini, DM
Doerr, CL
Hanley, NM
Milholland, VS
Tennant, AH
AF Kligerman, AD
DeMarini, DM
Doerr, CL
Hanley, NM
Milholland, VS
Tennant, AH
TI Comparison of cytogenetic effects of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene and 1,2 :
3,4-diepoxybutane in mouse, rat and human lymphocytes following in vitro
G(0) exposures
SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE butadiene; sister chromatid exchange; chromosome aberration; glutathione
S-transferase; human; rodent
ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; CULTURED
HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; IN-VITRO; BUTADIENE MONOXIDE;
INDIVIDUAL SENSITIVITY; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; METHYLENE-CHLORIDE; HUMAN
LIVER
AB To understand better the species differences in carcinogenicity caused by 1,3-butadiene (BD), we exposed G(0) lymphocytes (either splenic or peripheral blood) from rats, mice and humans to 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (EB) (20 to 931 mu M) or 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB) (2.5 to 320 uM), two of the suspected active metabolites of ED. Short EB exposures induced Little measurable cytogenetic damage in either rat, mouse, or human G(0) lymphocytes as measured by either sister chromatid exchange (SCE) or chromosome aberration (CA) analyses. However, DEB was a potent inducer of both SCEs and CAs in G(0) splenic and peripheral blood lymphocytes. A comparison of the responses among species showed that the rat and mouse were approximately equisensitive to the cytogenetic damaging effects of DEB, but the situation for the human subjects was more complex. The presence of the GSTT1-1 gene (expressed in the erythrocytes) reduced the relative sensitivity of the lymphocytes to the SCE-inducing effects of DEB. However, additional factors also appear to influence the genotoxic response of humans to DEB. This study is the first direct comparison of the genotoxicity of EB and DEB in the cells from all three species. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Environm Carcinogenesis Div MD68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Kligerman, AD (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Carcinogenesis Div MD68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM kligerman.andrew@epa.gov
NR 51
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1383-5718
J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN
JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen.
PD FEB 2
PY 1999
VL 439
IS 1
BP 13
EP 23
DI 10.1016/S1383-5718(98)00170-3
PG 11
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 165FG
UT WOS:000078509500002
PM 10029668
ER
PT J
AU Tong, YY
Lighthart, B
AF Tong, YY
Lighthart, B
TI Diurnal distribution of total and culturable atmospheric bacteria at a
rural site
SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID AIRBORNE MICROORGANISMS; COLLECTION; SURVIVAL
AB During the summer and fall of 1996 ambient air samples were collected using a high-volume wet cyclone sampler positioned 2 m above ground level in an agricultural area near Corvallis, OR. Samples were collected for approximately 2-hr periods from 0500 to 2100 hr on 11 days, Total and culturable atmospheric bacterial (TAB and CAB) concentrations in the samples were determined using epifluorescence microscopy and filtration-culture methods. It was found that the CAB concentration in the atmosphere was the lowest at dawn, gradually increased from sunrise to reach a maximum in the afternoon, and finally decreased in the evening, The TAB load had a similar but much less pronounced trend. The geometric mean of TAB concentration was about 27 to 222 times greater than that of CAB concentration in the atmosphere, A much higher TAB determination suggests that atmospheric bacteria might play a greater role than expected when the culturable determination is used as an investigation method in allergic disease and ecological research, This finding also indicates the necessity for using nonculturable airborne pathogen detection methods such as those targeted on nucleic acid or other macromolecules, rather than the classical culturable methods currently used in airborne epidemiological investigation.
The CAB to TAB ratio in the atmosphere was highest in the afternoon, coincident with the maximum CAB concentration. This could be explained by either or both of the following reasons: (1) the maximum live bacterial flux from the ground at that time does not have sufficient time to be rendered nonculturable before reaching the sampler's position; and (2) the prevalence of large, protected bacterial particles in the afternoon and a high collection efficiency of the cyclone sampler for these particles.
C1 Inst Microbiol & Epidemiol, Beijing 100071, Peoples R China.
US EPA, Environm Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RP Lighthart, B (reprint author), Microbial Aerosol Res Lab, 10975 Doll Rd, Monmonth, OR 97361 USA.
NR 28
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 8
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0278-6826
J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH
JI Aerosol Sci. Technol.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 30
IS 2
BP 246
EP 254
DI 10.1080/027868299304822
PG 9
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences;
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 171ME
UT WOS:000078866900014
ER
PT J
AU Sargent, K
AF Sargent, K
TI Climate-change mitigation and European land-use policies.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 US EPA, Econ & Environm Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Sargent, K (reprint author), US EPA, Econ & Environm Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC
PI AMES
PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA
SN 0002-9092
J9 AM J AGR ECON
JI Am. J. Agr. Econ.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 81
IS 1
BP 248
EP 251
DI 10.2307/1244467
PG 4
WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics
SC Agriculture; Business & Economics
GA 172NE
UT WOS:000078930000022
ER
PT J
AU Gunnison, AF
Hatch, GE
AF Gunnison, AF
Hatch, GE
TI O-3-induced inflammation in prepregnant, pregnant, and lactating rats
correlates with O-3 dose estimated by O-18
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ozone; ascorbic acid; antioxidant; surfactant; polymorphonuclear
leukocyte
ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY;
OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; INHALED OZONE; URIC-ACID; LUNG; CONSTITUENTS;
SENSITIVITY; ABSORPTION
AB Previous studies have shown that rats late in pregnancy and throughout lactation are more susceptible to ozone (O-3)-induced pulmonary inflammation than are prepregnant (virgin) or postlactating rats. The major aim of the present study was to determine whether these differences in response intensity could be accounted for by the O-3 dose to the lower region of the lung. The relative O-3 dose to the lower lung of groups of pregnant, lactating, and virgin female rats was estimated by measuring the incorporation of the O-18 isotope into low-speed (cells) and high-speed (surfactant) pellets of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid immediately after acute exposure to 0.5-1.1 parts/million O-18(3). The polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) and protein inflammatory responses were established 20 h after acute exposure of identical physiological groups to 0.5-1.1 parts/million O-16(3) (common isotope). A single regression of PMN inflammation data against surfactant O-18 concentration for all physiological groups gave a linear relationship, indicating direct proportionality of PMN inflammation with this estimate of relative dose to the lower lung regardless of physiological status. This implies that the chemical species that react with surfactant molecules, i.e., O-3 or its metabolites, are the same as or proportional to those chemical species responsible for initiating PMN inflammation. Additional experiments showed that lung tissue ascorbic acid concentration was significantly lower in pregnant and lactating rats than in virgin female rats. Although a causative relationship cannot be assumed, the deficit in tissue ascorbic acid concentration in pregnant and lactating rats compared with virgin female rats is consistent with their greater responsiveness and higher relative surfactant O-3 dose.
C1 NYU, Med Ctr, Nelson Inst Environm Med, New York, NY 10016 USA.
US EPA, Pulm Toxicol Branch, Expt Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Gunnison, AF (reprint author), NYU, Med Ctr, Nelson Inst Environm Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo, NY 10987 USA.
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-05939, ES-00260]
NR 31
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 1040-0605
J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C
JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 276
IS 2
BP L332
EP L340
PG 9
WC Physiology; Respiratory System
SC Physiology; Respiratory System
GA 164ZF
UT WOS:000078492900015
PM 9950896
ER
PT J
AU Abbey, DE
Nishino, N
McDonnell, WF
Burchette, RJ
Knutsen, SF
Beeson, WL
Yang, JX
AF Abbey, DE
Nishino, N
McDonnell, WF
Burchette, RJ
Knutsen, SF
Beeson, WL
Yang, JX
TI Long-term inhalable particles and other air pollutants related to
mortality in nonsmokers
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID CHRONIC RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS; CALIFORNIA
7TH-DAY-ADVENTISTS; POLLUTION; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; RESIDENTS;
OXIDANTS; EXPOSURE; DIOXIDE
AB Long-term ambient concentrations of inhalable particles less than 10 mu m in diameter (PM10) (1973-1992) and other air pollutants-total suspended sulfates, sulfur dioxide, ozone (O-3), and nitrogen dioxide-were related to 1977-1992 mortality in a cohort of 6,338 nonsmoking California Seventh-day Adventists. In both sexes, PM10 showed a strong association with mortality for any mention of nonmalignant respiratory disease on the death certificate, adjusting for a wide range of potentially confounding factors, including occupational and indoor sources of air pollutants. The adjusted relative risk (RR) for this cause of death as associated with an interquartile range (IQR) difference of 43 d/yr when PM10 exceeded 100 mu g/m(3) was 1.18(95% confidence interval [Cl]: 1.02,1.36). In males, PM10 showed a strong association with lung cancer deaths-RR for an IQR was 2.38 (95% Cl: 1.42, 3.97). Ozone showed an even stronger association with lung cancer mortality for males with an RR of 4.19 (95% CI: 1.81, 9.69) for the IQR difference of 551 h/yr when O-3 exceeded 100 parts per billion. Sulfur dioxide showed strong associations with lung cancer mortality for both sexes. Other pollutants showed weak or no association with mortality.
C1 Loma Linda Univ, Ctr Hlth Res, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA.
US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Abbey, DE (reprint author), Loma Linda Univ, Ctr Hlth Res, Evans Hall 215, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA.
NR 25
TC 328
Z9 335
U1 5
U2 39
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 159
IS 2
BP 373
EP 382
PG 10
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 165ZA
UT WOS:000078550700006
PM 9927346
ER
PT J
AU Creed, JT
Brockhoff, CA
AF Creed, JT
Brockhoff, CA
TI Isotope dilution analysis of bromate in drinking water matrixes by ion
chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric
detection
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID BROMIDE-CONTAINING WATERS; OZONATION; ANIONS; OZONE
AB Bromate is a disinfection byproduct in drinking water which is formed during the ozonation of source water containing bromide. This paper describes the analysis af bromate via ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The separation of bromate from interferences such as bromide and brominated haloacetic acids is achieved using a PA-100 column in combination with a 5 mM HNO3 + 25 mM NH4NO3 mobile phase. Polyatomic ions are observed on masses 79 and 81 in a synthetic phosphate matrix and its ozonated drinking waters. These polyatomic ions have been tentatively identified as PO3+ and H2PO3+. These polyatomic ions do not interfere with the detection of bromate because phosphate elutes prior to bromate. A polyatomic ion is observed on mass 81 in a synthetic sulfate matrix and in ozonated drinking waters. This polyatomic ion has been tentatively identified as HSO3+ and does not interfere with the detection of bromate because sulfate elutes after bromate. Isotope dilution analysis produces a relative standard deviation (RSD) of similar to 5% for both enriched isotopic additions at sample concentrations of 10 ng/g. The RSD associated with the direct analysis of bromate is 3.2% at sample concentrations of 10 ng/g. The bromate concentrations determined in ozonated drinking waters via isotope dilution analysis are within 10% of the concentrations determined via direct analysis for sample concentrations above 2 ng/g. The detection limit for the direct analysis of bromate via IC-ICPMS is 0.3 ng/g.
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Creed, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RI Creed, John/A-9187-2009
NR 28
TC 33
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD FEB 1
PY 1999
VL 71
IS 3
BP 722
EP 726
DI 10.1021/ac980663n
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 163VA
UT WOS:000078426000033
PM 9989389
ER
PT J
AU Widmer, F
Shaffer, BT
Porteous, LA
Seidler, RJ
AF Widmer, F
Shaffer, BT
Porteous, LA
Seidler, RJ
TI Analysis of nifH gene pool complexity in soil and litter at a Douglas
fir forest site in the Oregon Cascade Mountain Range
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; AMPLIFICATION; PCR; BACTERIA; ENVIRONMENT;
MICROCOSMS; DIVERSITY; PRIMERS; ECOLOGY; DNA
AB Nitrogen-fixing microbial populations in a Douglas fir forest on the western slope of the Oregon Cascade Mountain Range were analyzed. The complexity of the nifH gene pool (nifH is the marker gene which encodes nitrogenase reductase) was assessed by performing nested PCR with bulk DNA extracted from plant litter and soil, The restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of PCR products obtained from litter were reproducibly different than the RFLPs of PCR products obtained from the underlying soil. The characteristic differences were found during the entire sampling period between May and September. RFLP analyses of cloned nifH PCR products also revealed characteristic patterns for each sample type. Among 42 nifH clones obtained from a forest litter library nine different RFLP patterns were found, and among 64 nifH clones obtained from forest soil libraries 13 different patterns were found. Only two of the patterns were found in both the litter and the soil, indicating that there were major differences between the nitrogen-fixing microbial populations, A sequence analysis of clones representing the 20 distinct patterns revealed that 19 of the patterns had a proteobacterial origin. All of the nifH sequences obtained from the Douglas fir forest litter localized in a distinct phylogenetic cluster characterized by the nifH sequences of members of the genera Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium, and Azospirillum. The nifH sequences obtained from soil were found in two additional clusters, one characterized by sequences of members of the genera Bradyrhizobium, Azorhizobium, Herbaspirillum, and Thiobacillus and the other, represented by a single nifH clone, located between the gram-positive bacteria and the cyanobacteria. Our results revealed the distinctness of the nitrogen-fixing microbial populations in litter and soil in a Douglas fir forest; the differences may be related to special requirements for degradation and mineralization processes in the plant litter.
C1 CNR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RP Widmer, F (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, ETH Zurich, Inst Terr Ecol, Grabenstr 3, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.
NR 33
TC 177
Z9 190
U1 3
U2 31
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 65
IS 2
BP 374
EP 380
PG 7
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 165AC
UT WOS:000078495200003
PM 9925556
ER
PT J
AU Silva-Wilkinson, RA
Burkhard, LP
Sheedy, BR
DeGraeve, GM
Lordo, RA
AF Silva-Wilkinson, RA
Burkhard, LP
Sheedy, BR
DeGraeve, GM
Lordo, RA
TI A simple comparison of mass spectral search results and implications for
environmental screening analyses
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LIBRARY SEARCH; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROMETRY; CAPABILITIES; ALGORITHMS;
COMPOUND
AB A simple assessment of the ability of environmental laboratories to perform automated library searching procedures on mass spectra of unknown pollutants was conducted. In this assessment, 10 laboratories analyzed a hexane solution containing eight organic chemicals using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and searched their acquired mass spectral data against mass spectral reference libraries. The search results were used to evaluate the similarity of the lists of tentative identifications (TIDs) among the laboratories and to compare the observed searching success to the searching success reported in the literature using high-quality mass spectral data. A high degree of similarity was observed among the lists of TIDs reported by the laboratories for each chemical. The searching success observed in this study was slightly lower than that reported in the literature based on higher-quality mass spectral data. This simple comparison suggests that laboratories performing routine environmental analyses can successfully perform automated searching procedures for unknown sample components, and that the mass spectral searching component of analytical methods designed to screen for unknown organic pollutants should be successful, i.e., obtain similar and reproducible results among laboratories.
C1 Great Lakes Environm Ctr, Traverse City, MI 49686 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
Battelle Columbus Operat, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA.
RP Silva-Wilkinson, RA (reprint author), Great Lakes Environm Ctr, 739 Hastings St, Traverse City, MI 49686 USA.
NR 16
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 36
IS 2
BP 109
EP 114
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 158WE
UT WOS:000078139800001
ER
PT J
AU Schuytema, GS
Nebeker, AV
AF Schuytema, GS
Nebeker, AV
TI Comparative effects of ammonium and nitrate compounds on Pacific
treefrog and African clawed frog embryos
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BUFO-BUFO; TADPOLES; FERTILIZER; TOXICITY; PROGRAM; LETHAL
AB The effects of ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and sodium nitrate on survival and growth of Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla) and African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) embryos were determined in static-renewal tests. The 10-day LC50s for the three ammonium compounds for P. regilla ranged from 25.0-32.4 mg/L NH4-N. The 10-day sodium nitrate LC50 for P. regilla was 578.0 mg/L NO3-N. LC50s for X. laevis exposed for 4 or 5 days to the three ammonium compounds ranged from 27.5-50.2 mg/L NH4-N. The sodium nitrate LC50 for X. laevis ranged from 438.4-871.6 mg/L NO3-N. The lowest LOAEL based on length or weight was 6.1 mg/L NH4-N for the two species. The lowest LOAELs for NO3-N were 111.1 mg/L for P. regilla and 56.7 mg/L for X. laevis. Calculated unionized NH3 comprised 0.5-1.8% of measured NH4-N concentrations. Potential harm to amphibian populations could occur if NH4-N and NO3-N in agricultural runoff or drainage impacts sensitive Life stages for a sufficiently long period.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RP Schuytema, GS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
NR 32
TC 39
Z9 41
U1 2
U2 8
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 36
IS 2
BP 200
EP 206
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 158WE
UT WOS:000078139800014
PM 9888966
ER
PT J
AU Lighthart, B
AF Lighthart, B
TI An hypothesis describing the general temporal and spatial distribution
of alfresco bacteria in the earth's atmospheric surface layer
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE airborne; atmosphere; bacteria; distribution; temporal
ID AIRBORNE BACTERIA; SOLAR-RADIATION; POPULATIONS
AB An hypothesis is presented that describes, in general terms, the temporal and spatial airborne bacterial distribution patterns in the mixed layer of the planetary atmosphere. It is hypothesized that the near coincidence of the solar radiation cycle and temporal atmospheric bacterial distribution patterns indicate that the bacterial distribution in the alfresco atmosphere is a function of the diurnal and annual solar cycles. A maximum concentration of bacteria is found in reference to the solar zenith as a standing wave in the rotating coordinate system of the moving earth. Conditions of weather, topography, source strength, and human activities (i.e. microbial air pollution-MAP) will modulate the cyclic patterns of atmospheric bacterial loadings. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RP Lighthart, B (reprint author), Microbial Aerosol Res Lab, 10975 Doll Rd, Monmouth, OR 97361 USA.
NR 29
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 33
IS 4
BP 611
EP 615
DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00215-5
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 160KN
UT WOS:000078229700009
ER
PT J
AU Chen, BY
Chang, JS
AF Chen, BY
Chang, JS
TI Economically feasible induction of the bacteriophage lambda Q(-) mutant
in Escherichia coli
SO BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
ID TEMPERATURE INDUCTION; EXPRESSION VECTOR; Q(-) MUTANT
AB Cost-effective induction of bacteriophage lambda Q(-) in Escherichia coli on reporter-protein production is presented. Long-duration temperature induction increases the mortality of bacterial hosts and decreases the productivity efficiency; however, sufficient time span of induction is essential to overcome the induction threshold. Thus, the optimal duration for cost-effective induction is approximately 30 min, since the benefit of induction longer than 30 min is unlikely to pay off the expense of significant host viability loss. Global optimization of economically feasible induction occurs at a critical optical density of ca. 1.0 for 30 min duration at 38 degrees C.
C1 Dev Ctr Biotechnol, Environm Biotechnol Program, Taipei, Taiwan.
Feng Chia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
RP Chen, BY (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 12
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0178-515X
J9 BIOPROCESS ENG
JI Bioprocess Eng.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 20
IS 2
BP 105
EP 108
PG 4
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering
GA 167LA
UT WOS:000078633100003
ER
PT J
AU Power, JH
Moser, EB
AF Power, JH
Moser, EB
TI Linear model analysis of net catch data using the negative binomial
distribution
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ABUNDANCE; LIKELIHOOD; PARAMETER; PLANKTON; FISH
AB Sampling with nets or trawls remains a common technique for determining the comparative abundances of aquatic organisms, and the objective of such studies is frequently to evaluate relationships among the counts of individuals caught and exogenous variables. Analysis of such data is often done with a general linear model (e.g., ANOVA, ANCOVA, regression), assuming an underlying normal probability distribution. Such analyses are not fully satisfactory because of the symmetry and continuous nature of the assumed normal probability distribution and the high variance to low mean value relationships common to counts of biological populations. The negative binomial is a discrete probability distribution that is recognized as a suitable descriptor of organism count data. We present an approach for undertaking linear model analyses of net catch data that permits estimation of model parameters (including the negative binomial k parameter) and hypothesis testing of both continuous and discrete model effects and their interactions using bootstrap replication. The analysis incorporates adjustment for varying element sizes, such as differences in the amounts of water filtered during sampling.
C1 Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Fisheries Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
Louisiana State Univ, Dept Expt Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP Power, JH (reprint author), US EPA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RI Power, James/A-1977-2010
OI Power, James/0000-0001-7745-798X
NR 29
TC 36
Z9 38
U1 2
U2 6
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 56
IS 2
BP 191
EP 200
DI 10.1139/cjfas-56-2-191
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 185VN
UT WOS:000079691800004
ER
PT J
AU Chand-Goyal, T
Eckert, JW
Droby, S
Glickmann, E
Atkinson, K
AF Chand-Goyal, T
Eckert, JW
Droby, S
Glickmann, E
Atkinson, K
TI Transformation of Candida oleophila and survival of a transformant on
orange fruit under field conditions
SO CURRENT GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Candida oleophila; transformation; auxotrophs; biological control
ID COLI BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; HIGH-EFFICIENCY TRANSFORMATION;
HIGH-COPY-NUMBER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE;
OROTIDINE-5'-PHOSPHATE DECARBOXYLASE; SHUTTLE VECTORS; INTEGRATIVE
TRANSFORMATION; METHYLOTROPHIC YEAST; HANSENULA-ANOMALA
AB Histidine auxotrophs of wild-type strain I-182 of Candida oleophila, produced using ethyl methanesulfonate, were transformed with plasmids containing the HIS3, HIS4 and HIS5 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Histidine auxotrophy was complemented by the HIS5 gene of S. cerevisiae. Stability of the transformants under non selective conditions and DNA gel-blot analysis suggested that the transforming DNA had integrated into the C. oleophila genome. There were no detectable physiological differences between the wild-type and the transformants. The biological control ability of C. oleophila was not affected by the transformation. A genetically marked transformant (with a beta-glucuronidase gene) colonized wounds on oranges, and its population increased under field conditions. The identity of the genetically marked transformant was established by PCR-amplification of a portion of the beta-glucuronidase gene.
C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel.
Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
RP US EPA, 401 M St SW,7503C, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
EM Chand-Goyal.Tara@epamail.epa.gov
NR 45
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0172-8083
EI 1432-0983
J9 CURR GENET
JI Curr. Genet.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 35
IS 1
BP 51
EP 57
DI 10.1007/s002940050432
PG 7
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 171CY
UT WOS:000078845900008
PM 10022949
ER
PT J
AU Apple, ME
Lucash, MS
Phillips, DL
Olszyk, DM
Tingey, DT
AF Apple, ME
Lucash, MS
Phillips, DL
Olszyk, DM
Tingey, DT
TI Internal temperature of Douglas-fir buds is altered at elevated
temperature
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
LA English
DT Article
DE bud; climate; Douglas-fir; morphology; Pseudotsuga menziesii;
temperature
ID CLIMATE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENT
AB Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) saplings were grown in sun-lit controlled environment chambers at ambient or elevated (+ 4 degrees C above ambient) temperature. We measured internal temperatures of vegetative buds with thermocouple probes and compared temperatures of normal buds and abnormal buds with loosened, rosetted outer scales in elevated temperature chambers. The abnormal buds had higher and earlier peak daily temperatures than normal buds. Elevated temperature may influence the internal temperature of buds and contribute to the development of abnormal, rosetted buds with loosened outer scales. Abnormal bud development may alter branching patterns and allometry of Douglas-fir trees subjected to climatic change. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 Natl Res Council, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
Dynamac Corp, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RP Apple, ME (reprint author), Natl Res Council, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011; Lucash, Melissa /I-8677-2012
OI Lucash, Melissa /0000-0003-1509-3273
NR 11
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0098-8472
J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT
JI Environ. Exp. Bot.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 41
IS 1
BP 25
EP 30
DI 10.1016/S0098-8472(98)00046-X
PG 6
WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 178CD
UT WOS:000079247700004
ER
PT J
AU Boorman, GA
Dellarco, V
Dunnick, JK
Chapin, RE
Hunter, S
Hauchman, F
Gardner, H
Cox, M
Sills, RC
AF Boorman, GA
Dellarco, V
Dunnick, JK
Chapin, RE
Hunter, S
Hauchman, F
Gardner, H
Cox, M
Sills, RC
TI Drinking water disinfection byproducts: Review and approach to toxicity
evaluation
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
DE trihalomethanes; haloacetic acids; chloroform; drinking water;
dibromoacetic acid; trichloroacetic acid; dichloroacetic acid; MX;
toxicology; animal studies; carcinogenesis; alternate species
ID CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS; AQUARIUM FISH MODELS; MALE B6C3F1 MOUSE;
DICHLOROACETIC ACID; POTASSIUM BROMATE; ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS;
TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ORYZIAS-LATIPES;
TUMOR-INDUCTION
AB There is widespread potential for human exposure to disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water because everyone drinks, bathes, cooks, and cleans with water. The need for clean and safe water led the U.S. Congress to pass the Safe Drinking Water Act more than 20 years ago in 1974. In 1976, chloroform, a trihalomethane (THM) and a principal DBP, was shown to be carcinogenic in rodents. This prompted the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) in 1979 to develop a drinking water rule that would provide guidance on the levels of THMs allowed in drinking water. Further concern was raised by epidemiology studies suggesting a weak association between the consumption of chlorinated drinking water and the occurrence of bladder, colon, and rectal cancer. In 1992 the U.S. EPA initiated a negotiated rulemaking to evaluate the need for additional controls for microbial pathogens and DBPs. The goal was to develop an approach that would reduce the level of exposure from disinfectants and DBPs without undermining the control of microbial pathogens. The product of these deliberations was a proposed stage 1 DBP rule. It was agreed that additional information was necessary on how to optimize the use of disinfectants while maintaining control of pathogens before further controls to reduce exposure beyond stage 1 were warranted. In response to this need, the U.S. EPA developed a 5-year research plan to support the development of the longer term rules to control microbial pathogens and DBPs. A considerable body of toxicologic data has been developed on DBPs that occur in the drinking water, but the main emphasis has been on THMs. Given the complexity of the problem and the need for additional data to support the drinking water DBP rules, the U.S. EPA, the National institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the U.S. Army are working together to develop a comprehensive biologic and mechanistic DBP database. Selected DBPs will be tested using 2-year toxicity and carcinogenicity studies in standard rodent models, transgenic mouse models and small fish models; in vitro mechanistic and toxicokinetic studies; and reproductive, immunotoxicity, and developmental studies, The goal is to create a toxicity database that reflects a wide range of DBPs resulting from different disinfection practices. This paper describes the approach developed by these agencies to provide the information needed to make scientifically based regulatory decisions.
C1 NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD USA.
RP Boorman, GA (reprint author), NIEHS, MD B3-08,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
EM boorman@niehs.nih.gov
OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261
NR 95
TC 199
Z9 208
U1 16
U2 149
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 107
SU 1
BP 207
EP 217
DI 10.2307/3434484
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 170TW
UT WOS:000078823800018
PM 10229719
ER
PT J
AU Ringold, PL
Mulder, B
Alegria, J
Czaplewski, RL
Tolle, T
Burnett, K
AF Ringold, PL
Mulder, B
Alegria, J
Czaplewski, RL
Tolle, T
Burnett, K
TI Establishing a regional monitoring strategy: The Pacific Northwest
Forest Plan
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Northwest Forest Plan; monitoring; ecosystem management; adaptive
management; adaptive monitoring
ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; INVENTORY; FRAMEWORK; DESIGN
AB This paper identifies lessons learned and issues raised during the development of an ecosystem monitoring strategy intended to support the Northwest Forest Plan. Adaptive ecosystem management, which requires monitoring as essential feedback to management, recognizes that action is necessary or appropriate, although knowledge may be imperfect. We suggest that this principle be explicitly acknowledged in the design of monitoring programs, and we coin the term adaptive monitoring design. Adaptive monitoring design is an iterative process that refines the specifications for monitoring over time as a result of experience in implementing a monitoring program, assessing results, and interacting with users. An adaptive design therefore facilitates ecosystem management. We also discuss lessons of temporal and spatial scales raised by the consideration of a design for ecosystem management. Three additional issues-integration of information from different sources, institutional infrastructure, and the roles of individuals working in an interagency setting-are also identified, but not developed in detail.
C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Biol Serv, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97208 USA.
US Bur Land Management, Portland, OR 97208 USA.
US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
US Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97208 USA.
US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Forest & Range Expt Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Ringold, PL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
NR 77
TC 12
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 7
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0364-152X
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 23
IS 2
BP 179
EP 192
DI 10.1007/s002679900178
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 152GC
UT WOS:000077767300005
ER
PT J
AU Keith, DJ
Colton, D
Lindsay, J
Louft, H
Stewart, L
AF Keith, DJ
Colton, D
Lindsay, J
Louft, H
Stewart, L
TI New technology for conducting radiation hazard assessments: The
application of the Underwater Radiation Spectral Identification System
(URSIS) at the Massachusetts Bay Industrial Waste (USA)
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Massachusetts Bay; radioactive; submersibles; waste
AB The Underwater Radiation Spectral Identification System (URSIS) is a portable spectrometer used for the in sills detection of radioactivity in the marine environment. This paper reports on the first time application of this technology to assess, in a preliminary manner, the potential radiation threat to the public and environment at an aquatic disposal site - the Massachusetts Bay Industrial Waste Site (IWS). Utilizing the meneuvering capabilities of ROV and manned submersible vehicles, the URSIS was successfully positioned close (5-10 cm) to waste containers for a period sufficient to detect, in real time, the presence of radioactive materials. Spectral data from 45 individual targets indicated that the radionuclides present in sediments which draped or partially buried waste containers were consistent with natural background concentrations. No man-made radionuclides were detected at any of the target or background measurement locations. These data support the conclusion that low-level radiation does not pose an imminent and widespread human health or ecological threat in Massachusetts Bay.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP Keith, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
NR 14
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 54
IS 3
BP 259
EP 282
DI 10.1023/A:1005998211691
PG 24
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 170CT
UT WOS:000078788800004
ER
PT J
AU Davis, JM
Jarabek, AM
Mage, DT
Graham, JA
AF Davis, JM
Jarabek, AM
Mage, DT
Graham, JA
TI Inhalation health risk assessment of MMT
SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on MMT at the 1997 Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology
CY 1997
CL CINCINNATI, OHIO
SP Soc Toxicol
ID MANGANESE; WORKERS; EXPOSURE
C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Davis, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RI Davis, J Michael/B-3337-2009
NR 6
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0013-9351
J9 ENVIRON RES
JI Environ. Res.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 80
IS 2
BP 103
EP 104
DI 10.1006/enrs.1998.3916
PN 1
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA 180YR
UT WOS:000079413900004
PM 10092400
ER
PT J
AU McDonnell, WF
Abbey, DE
Nishino, N
Lebowitz, MD
AF McDonnell, WF
Abbey, DE
Nishino, N
Lebowitz, MD
TI Long-term ambient ozone concentration and the incidence of asthma in
nonsmoking adults: The ahsmog study
SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE asthma; ozone; air pollution; epidemiology
ID AIR-POLLUTION; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; ONSET ASTHMA; POPULATION; EXPOSURE;
EPIDEMIOLOGY; POLLUTANTS; PREVALENCE; RESPONSES; COHORT
AB We conducted a prospective study of a cohort of 3091 nonsmokers, ages 27 to 87 years, to evaluate the association between long-term ambient ozone exposure and development of adult-onset asthma. Over a 15-year period, 3.2% of males and 4.3% of females reported new doctor diagnoses of asthma. For males, we observed a significant relationship between report of doctor diagnosis of asthma and 20-year mean 8-h average ambient ozone concentration (relative risk (RR) = 2.09 for a 27 ppb increase in ozone concentration, 95% CI = 1.03 to 4.16). We observed no such relationship for females. Other variables significantly related to development of asthma were a history of ever-smoking for males (RR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.13 to 4.81), and for females, number of years worked with a smoker (RR = 1.21 for a 7-year increment, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.39), age (RR = 0.61 for a 16-year increment, 95% CI = 0.44 to 0.84), and a history of childhood pneumonia or bronchitis (RR = 2.96, 95% CI = 1.68 to 5.03), Addition of other pollutants (PM10, SO4, NO2, and SO2) to the models did not diminish the relationship between ozone and asthma for males. These data suggest that long-term exposure to ambient ozone is associated with development of asthma in adult males. (C) 1999 Academic Press.
C1 US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Loma Linda Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA.
Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Arizona Prevent Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Med, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP McDonnell, WF (reprint author), US EPA, Clin Res Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 37
TC 102
Z9 107
U1 1
U2 7
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0013-9351
J9 ENVIRON RES
JI Environ. Res.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 80
IS 2
BP 110
EP 121
DI 10.1006/enrs.1998.3894
PN 1
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA 180YR
UT WOS:000079413900006
PM 10092402
ER
PT J
AU Alavanja, MCR
Sandler, DP
McDonnell, CJ
Lynch, CF
Pennybacker, M
Zahm, SH
Mage, DT
Steen, WC
Wintersteen, W
Blair, A
AF Alavanja, MCR
Sandler, DP
McDonnell, CJ
Lynch, CF
Pennybacker, M
Zahm, SH
Mage, DT
Steen, WC
Wintersteen, W
Blair, A
TI Characteristics of pesticide use in a pesticide applicator cohort: The
Agricultural Health Study
SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE pesticides; occupational exposure; cancers; noncancer toxicity; farmers
ID BREAST-CANCER; HERBICIDES; RESIDUES; EXPOSURE; FARMERS; WORKERS; RISK
AB Data on recent and historic pesticide use, pesticide application methods, and farm characteristics were collected from 35,879 restricted-use pesticide applicators in the first 2 years of the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective study of a large cohort of private and commercial licensed pesticide applicators that is being conducted in Iowa and North Carolina. (In Iowa, applicators are actually "certified," while in North Carolina they are "licensed"; for ease of reference the term license will be used for both states in this paper.) Commercial applicators (studied in Iowa only) apply pesticides more days per year than private applicators in either state. When the types of pesticides being used by different groups are compared using the Spearman coefficient of determination (r(2)), we find that Iowa private and Iowa commercial applicators tend to use the same type of pesticides (r(2) = 0.88). White and non-white private applicators tended to use the same type of pesticides (North Carolina r(2) = 0.89), as did male and female private applicators (Iowa r(2) = 0.85 and North Carolina r(2) = 0.84). There was less similarity (r(2) = 0.50) between the types of pesticides being used by Iowa and North Carolina private applicators. A greater portion of Iowa private applicators use personal protective equipment than do North Carolina private applicators, and pesticide application methods varied by state. This heterogeneity in potential exposures to pesticides between states should be useful for subsequent epidemiologic analyses using internal comparison groups. (C) 1999 Academic Press.
C1 NCI, Epidemiol & Biostat Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
SRA Technol Inc, Falls Church, VA USA.
Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA.
Battelle Survey Res Assoc, Durham, NC USA.
US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
US EPA, Athens, GA USA.
Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
RP Alavanja, MCR (reprint author), NCI, Epidemiol & Biostat Program, EPN-543,6130 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM alavanjam@epndce.nci.nih.gov
RI Zahm, Shelia/B-5025-2015;
OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018
FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CP-21095, N01-CP-33047, N01-CP-33048]
NR 18
TC 34
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0013-9351
J9 ENVIRON RES
JI Environ. Res.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 80
IS 2
BP 172
EP 179
DI 10.1006/enrs.1998.3888
PN 1
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA 180YR
UT WOS:000079413900014
PM 10092410
ER
PT J
AU Alavanja, MCR
Sandler, DP
McDonnell, CJ
Mage, DT
Kross, BC
Rowland, AS
Blair, A
AF Alavanja, MCR
Sandler, DP
McDonnell, CJ
Mage, DT
Kross, BC
Rowland, AS
Blair, A
TI Characteristics of persons who self-reported a high pesticide exposure
event in the Agricultural Health Study
SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE pesticides; pesticide poisoning; accidental exposures; farmers; exposure
assessment
AB Characteristics of persons who report high pesticide exposure events (HPEE) were studied in a large cohort of licensed pesticide applicators from Iowa and North Carolina who enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study between December 1993 and December 1995. Fourteen percent reported having "an incident or experience while using any pesticide which caused an unusually high personal exposure." After taking into account total number of applications made and education, females (OR= 0.76), applicators from NC (OR = 0.65), and privately licensed applicators (OR = 0.65) were less likely to have reported an HPEE. Work practices more common among both private and commercial applicators with an HPEE included delay in changing clothing or washing after pesticide application, mixing pesticide application clothing with the family wash, washing up inside the house after application, applying pesticides within 50 yards of their well,and storing pesticides in the home. Job characteristics more common among those with an HPEE included self-repair of application equipment and first pesticide use more than 10 years in the past. These job characteristics explained much of the difference in reported HPEE between males and females, but not between IA and NC subjects or between commercial or private applicators. (C) 1999 Academic Press.
C1 NCI, Epidemiol & Biostat Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
SRA Technol Inc, Falls Church, VA USA.
US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
RP Alavanja, MCR (reprint author), NCI, Epidemiol & Biostat Program, 6130 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
OI Sandler, Dale/0000-0002-6776-0018
FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CP-21095, N01-CP-33047, N01-CP-33048]
NR 10
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0013-9351
J9 ENVIRON RES
JI Environ. Res.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 80
IS 2
BP 180
EP 186
DI 10.1006/enrs.1998.3887
PN 1
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA 180YR
UT WOS:000079413900015
PM 10092411
ER
PT J
AU Smolen, JM
Weber, EJ
Tratnyek, PG
AF Smolen, JM
Weber, EJ
Tratnyek, PG
TI Molecular probe techniques for the identification of reductants in
sediments: Evidence for reduction of 2-chloroacetophenone by hydride
transfer
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ALPHA-HALO KETONES; TRANSITION-METAL COENZYMES; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE;
AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SUBSTITUTED NITROBENZENES; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS;
FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; REACTIVITY PROBES;
ELECTRON-TRANSFER
AB The reduction of L-chloroacetophenone (2-CAP) was examined in anoxic sediment slurries from both freshwater and marine sources. The reduction of 2-CAP produces acetophenone via electron transfer and 5-chloro-1-phenylethanol (2-CPE) via hydride transfer. Experimental results demonstrate that 2-CAP is an effective probe molecule for distinguishing and quantifying reductive transformations occurring by electron transfer and hydride transfer in anaerobic sediments. These results Varied among the sediments examined, with freshwater sediments generating more 2-CPE (hydride transfer product) than the marine sediments. Enantiomeric excess of (R)-2-CPE (over the (S)-enantiomer) demonstrated that reduction by hydride transfer is enantioselective, providing direct evidence that the source of hydride is a chiral reductant Temperature studies demonstrate that increasing temperature eliminates the production of 2-CPE, further evidence for an enzyme-mediated pathway.
C1 US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
Oregon Grad Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Portland, OR 97291 USA.
RP Weber, EJ (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
NR 53
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD FEB 1
PY 1999
VL 33
IS 3
BP 440
EP 445
DI 10.1021/es980297p
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 164VW
UT WOS:000078485100030
ER
PT J
AU Boufadel, MC
Reeser, P
Suidan, MT
Wrenn, BA
Cheng, J
Du, X
Huang, THL
Venosa, AD
AF Boufadel, MC
Reeser, P
Suidan, MT
Wrenn, BA
Cheng, J
Du, X
Huang, THL
Venosa, AD
TI Optimal nitrate concentration for the biodegradation of n-heptadecane in
a variably-saturated sand column
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE bioremediation; oil; nutrient; beaches; shores
ID MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; OIL-SPILL; CRUDE-OIL; BIOREMEDIATION; BAY
AB Bioremediation of oil spills on beaches commonly involves the addition of nutrients (especially nitrogen and phosphorus) to stimulate the growth of indigenous oil-degrading bacteria. Very little information is available regarding the relationship between nutrient concentration and the rate of oil biodegradation. This information is necessary to design an appropriate nutrient delivery technology. We used continuous-flow beach microcosms containing heptadecane-coated sand (2.0 g per kg of dry sand) to evaluate the effect of nitrate concentration on the hydrocarbon biodegradation rate. Heptadecane biodegradation was determined by monitoring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production in the microcosms. The maximum biodegradation occurred at 2.5 mg nitrate-N l(-1). Nitrogen recycling by the biomass was evidenced by the presence of microbial activity at zero influent nitrate concentration.
C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA.
Washington Univ, Dept Civil Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45269 USA.
RP Suidan, MT (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA.
NR 23
TC 31
Z9 36
U1 1
U2 6
PU SELPER LTD, PUBLICATIONS DIV
PI LONDON
PA 79 RUSTHALL AVENUE, LONDON, ENGLAND W4 1BN
SN 0959-3330
J9 ENVIRON TECHNOL
JI Environ. Technol.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 20
IS 2
BP 191
EP 199
DI 10.1080/09593332008616808
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 191GR
UT WOS:000080014900007
ER
PT J
AU Kosian, PA
West, CW
Pasha, MS
Cox, JS
Mount, DR
Huggett, RJ
Ankley, GT
AF Kosian, PA
West, CW
Pasha, MS
Cox, JS
Mount, DR
Huggett, RJ
Ankley, GT
TI Use of nonpolar resin for reduction of fluoranthene bioavailability in
sediment
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE fluoranthene; carbonaceous resin; sediment; bioavailability
ID CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; SYNTHETIC ADSORBENTS; ACTIVATED CARBONS;
WATER-TREATMENT; TOXICITY; QUALITY; ACCUMULATION; AMPHIPODS
AB The objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Ambersorb(R) 1500, a carbonaceous resin, for reducing the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment. Initial studies were conducted with a model PAH, fluoranthene, to determine how effective the resin would be at reducing fluoranthene concentrations in water and sediment pore water. Fluoranthene concentrations were reduced by more than 70% within 24 h when 0.1 g of unconditioned resin was added to 500-ml solutions containing 160 mu g/L fluoranthene. Within 48 h, concentrations decreased by more than 92%. Addition of Ambersorb to fluoranthene-spiked sediment showed similar reductions of fluoranthene concentrations in pore water. Based on these initial results, a 10-d bioaccumulation/toxicity experiment was conducted in which the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus was exposed to fluoranthene-spiked sediment with and without resin. Chemical analyses showed that sediment amended with resin had greatly diminished pore-water fluoranthene concentrations compared with sediment without resin. Proportional reductions in whole-body fluoranthene concentrations were observed in oligochaetes exposed to resin-amended sediments. As would be expected from enhancement of fluoranthene toxicity by ultraviolet light, organisms exposed to fluoranthene-spiked sediment exhibited significant mortality upon subsequent exposure to ultraviolet light. Consistent with their lower body burdens, organisms from resin-treated sediment lacked this sensitivity (100% survival). These experiments demonstrate that Ambersorb 1500 effectively reduces the bioavailability of fluoranthene in spiked sediment. Additional studies are needed to define the boundaries of the resin's effectiveness in influencing the bioavailability of other PAHs and nonpolar organic chemicals in spiked and field-contaminated sediments.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
City Superior, Waste Water Treatment Plant, Superior, WI 54880 USA.
Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
RP Kosian, PA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
NR 26
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 2
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 2
BP 201
EP 206
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 160WJ
UT WOS:000078254500015
ER
PT J
AU Ho, KT
Kuhn, A
Pelletier, MC
Burgess, RM
Helmstetter, A
AF Ho, KT
Kuhn, A
Pelletier, MC
Burgess, RM
Helmstetter, A
TI Use of Ulva lactuca to distinguish pH-dependent toxicants in marine
waters and sediments
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE ammonia; Ulva lactuca; toxicity identification; toxicity evaluation
ID FISHPOND EFFLUENTS; AMMONIA; TOXICITY; BIOFILTERS
AB Ulva lactuca (sea lettuce) is a cosmopolitan marine attached green seaweed capable of sequestering high environmental levels of ammonia. Ammonia can be acutely toxic to marine organisms and is often found in dredged sediments from highly industrial areas or from areas with high carbon inputs. For the purposes of dredged sediment disposal as well as in determining causes of toxicity in complex mixtures, it is important to distinguish ammonia toxicity from the toxicity of other compounds. The use of U. lactuca to selectively remove ammonia from waters and sediments as part of a toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE) procedure was evaluated. Ulva lactuca lowered concentrations of total ammonia from 75 to 17 mg/L in <8 h in water-only exposures. This treatment also reduced 48-h amphipod mortality from 75 to 20%. In whole sediments, U. lactuca lowered interstitial water concentrations of ammonia from 60 to 20 mg/L, while keeping overlying water concentrations below detectable limits (<1 mg/L). To determine the limitations of the U. lactuca method to selectively remove ammonia from solution, metal and organic accumulation experiments were performed. Ulva lactuca generally took up <15% of metals present, with most of the exposures resulting in less than a 10% uptake. In contrast, U. lactuca removed 77% of lindane and 95% of fluoranthene. Results of a TIE conducted on sediments from an industrial marine harbor indicated U. lactuca was useful, in conjunction with other procedures, in categorizing ammonia as a sediment toxicant.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
Sci Applicat Int Corp, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP Ho, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
EM ho.kay@epamail.epa.gov
OI Kuhn, Anne/0000-0003-4935-6692
NR 23
TC 18
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 12
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 2
BP 207
EP 212
DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0207:UOULTD>2.3.CO;2
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 160WJ
UT WOS:000078254500016
ER
PT J
AU Kemble, NE
Dwyer, FJ
Ingersoll, CG
Dawson, TD
Norberg-King, TJ
AF Kemble, NE
Dwyer, FJ
Ingersoll, CG
Dawson, TD
Norberg-King, TJ
TI Tolerance of freshwater test organisms to formulated sediments for use
as control materials in whole-sediment toxicity tests
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE amphipod; midge; oligochaete; alpha-cellulose; sediment testing
ID CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; HYALELLA-AZTECA; WATER; INVERTEBRATES;
BIOACCUMULATION; EXPOSURES; DIPTERA; RIVER
AB A method is described for preparing formulated sediments for use in toxicity testing. Ingredients used to prepare formulated sediments included commercially available silt, clay, sand, humic acid, dolomite, and rw-cellulose (as a source of organic carbon), alpha-Cellulose was selected as the source of organic carbon because it is commercially available, consistent From batch to batch, and low in contaminant concentrations. The tolerance of freshwater test organisms to formulated sediments for use as control materials in whole-sediment toxicity testing was evaluated. Sediment exposures were conducted for 10 d with the amphipod Hyalella azteca, the midges Chironomus riparius and C. tentans, and the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus and for 28 d with H. azteca. Responses of organisms in formulated sediments was compared with a field-collected control sediment that has routinely been used to determine test acceptability. Tolerance of organisms to formulated sediments was evaluated by determining responses to varying levels of alpha-cellulose, to varying levels of grain size, to evaluation of different food types, or to evaluation of different sources of overlying water. In the 10-d exposures, survival of organisms exposed to the formulated sediments routinely met or exceeded the responses of test organisms exposed to the control sediment and routinely met test acceptability criteria required in standard methods. Growth of amphipods and oligochaetes in 10-d exposures with formulated sediment was often less than growth of organisms in the held-collected control sediment. Additional research is needed, using the method employed to prepare formulated sediment, to determine if conditioning formulated sediments before starting 10-d tests would improve the growth of amphipods. In the 28-d exposures, survival of H. azteca was low when reconstituted water was used as the source of overlying water. However, when well water was used as the source of overlying water in 28-d exposures, consistent responses of amphipods were observed in both formulated and control sediments.
C1 US Geol Survey, Environm & Contaminants Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
Integrated Lab Syst, Duluth, MN 55801 USA.
US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
RP Kemble, NE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Environm & Contaminants Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
NR 32
TC 35
Z9 38
U1 2
U2 12
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 2
BP 222
EP 230
DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0222:TOFTOT>2.3.CO;2
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 160WJ
UT WOS:000078254500018
ER
PT J
AU Monson, PD
Call, DJ
Cox, DA
Liber, K
Ankley, GT
AF Monson, PD
Call, DJ
Cox, DA
Liber, K
Ankley, GT
TI Photoinduced toxicity of fluoranthene to northern leopard frogs (Rana
pipiens)
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE fluoranthene; Rana pipiens; phototoxicity; polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons; ultraviolet light
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PHOTOTOXICITY; SEDIMENTS; LIGHT;
ANTHRACENE; MORTALITY; EGGS
AB Rana pipiens larvae (96-118 h old) were exposed for 48 h in a flow-through system to clean water or five concentrations (0.89, 2.18, 6.99, 12.0, and 30.6 mu g/L) of the phototoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fluoranthene. Following this uptake period, the larvae were divided into four groups: one for immediate tissue residue analysis, a second for residue analysis following 48 h of depuration in clean water, and two for a 48-h exposure in clean water to ultraviolet (UV) light at two different levels. At the highest treatment, mean (+/-SD) UVA (310-390 nm)intensity was 8.12 +/- 0.19 x 10(2) mu W/cm(2), whereas at a lower treatment the UVA intensity was 4.45 +/- 0.05 x 10(2) mu W/cm(2). Larval frogs bioaccumulated fluoranthene in direct proportion to the water exposure concentrations, with initial whole-body PAH concentrations of 1.48, 3.53, 4.85, 11.3, and 18.7 mu g/g at the bye treatment levels. No mortality of the animals occurred during the 48-h uptake phase. When the frogs were placed in clean water, the fluoranthene was rapidly depurated, with up to 80% lost in 48 h. Exposure to UV light following fluoranthene exposure significantly enhanced toxicity of the PAH. Median time to death decreased as the product of UVA light intensity and fluoranthene body residue increased. For larval R. pipiens, sufficient tissue residues of fluoranthene were bioaccumulated within 48 h, at water exposure concentrations in the range of 2 to 10 mu g/L, to be lethal when combined with a UVA exposure simulating a fraction of summertime, midday sunlight in northern latitudes.
C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
Univ Wisconsin, Lake Superior Res Inst, Superior, WI 54880 USA.
RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
NR 21
TC 35
Z9 38
U1 1
U2 8
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 2
BP 308
EP 312
DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0308:PTOFTN>2.3.CO;2
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 160WJ
UT WOS:000078254500030
ER
PT J
AU Lin, GH
Ehleringer, JR
Rygiewicz, PT
Johnson, MG
Tingey, DT
AF Lin, GH
Ehleringer, JR
Rygiewicz, PT
Johnson, MG
Tingey, DT
TI Elevated CO2 and temperature impacts on different components of soil CO2
efflux in Douglas-fir terracosms
SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE elevated CO2; forest ecosystem; global warming; soil respiration; stable
isotopes
ID TRACE GAS FLUXES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PONDEROSA PINE;
RESPIRATION; RHIZOSPHERE; RESPONSES; TURNOVER; DECOMPOSITION; VEGETATION
AB Although numerous studies indicate that increasing atmospheric CO2 or temperature data are available on the responses of three major components of soil respiration [i.e. rhizosphere respiration (root and root exudates), litter decomposition, and oxidation of soil organic matter] to different CO2 and temperature conditions. In this study, we applied a dual stable isotope approach to investigate the impact of elevated CO2 and elevated temperature on these components of soil CO2 efflux in Douglas-fir terracosms. We measured both soil CO2 efflux rates and the C-13 and O-18 isotopic compositions of soil CO2 efflux in 12 sun-lit and environmentally controlled terracosms with 4-year-old Douglas fir seedlings and reconstructed forest soils under two CO2 concentrations (ambient and 200 ppmv above ambient) and two air temperature regimes (ambient and 4 degrees C above ambient). The stable isotope data were used to estimate the relative contributions of different components to the overall soil CO2 efflux. In most cases, litter decomposition was the dominant component of soil CO2 efflux in this system, followed by rhizosphere respiration and soil organic matter oxidation. Both elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and elevated temperature stimulated rhizosphere respiration and litter decomposition. The oxidation of soil organic matter was stimulated only by increasing temperature. Release of newly fixed carbon as root respiration was the most responsive to elevated CO2, while soil organic matter decomposition was most responsive to increasing temperature. Although some assumptions associated with this new method need to be further validated, application of this dual-isotope approach can provide new insights into the responses of soil carbon dynamics in forest ecosystems to future climate changes.
C1 Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Stable Isotope Ratio Facil Environm Res, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RP Lin, GH (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Biosphere Ctr 2, POB 689, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA.
RI Lin, GH/G-4593-2010; Lin, Guanghui/I-6850-2013
OI Lin, Guanghui/0000-0001-6108-3215
NR 42
TC 100
Z9 135
U1 12
U2 49
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1354-1013
J9 GLOB CHANGE BIOL
JI Glob. Change Biol.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 5
IS 2
BP 157
EP 168
DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00211.x
PG 12
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 170ED
UT WOS:000078792600003
ER
PT J
AU Birnbaum, LS
AF Birnbaum, LS
TI TEFs: A practical approach to a real-world problem
SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS
PCBS; LIFE STAGE MORTALITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; AH RECEPTOR;
2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; 2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL;
MIXTURE; MICE
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Birnbaum, LS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 49
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 1
PU CRC PRESS INC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
USA
SN 1080-7039
J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS
JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 5
IS 1
BP 13
EP 24
DI 10.1080/10807039991289590
PG 12
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 174WH
UT WOS:000079059000004
ER
PT J
AU Devlin, RB
Horstman, DP
Gerrity, TR
Becker, S
Madden, MC
AF Devlin, RB
Horstman, DP
Gerrity, TR
Becker, S
Madden, MC
TI Inflammatory response in humans exposed to 2.0 PPM nitrogen dioxide
SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; HUMAN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE;
PULMONARY-FUNCTION; SHORT-TERM; DEFENSE-MECHANISMS; SUPEROXIDE ANION;
HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; AEROSOL BOLUSES; OZONE EXPOSURE; CELL RESPONSE
AB Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a common indoor air pollutant, especially in homes with unvented combustion appliances. Epidemiological studies suggest that children living in homes with unvented heating sources are more prone to respiratory infections than children living in homes with lower levels of NO2. However, experimental studies in which human volunteers were exposed acutely to moderate levels of NO2 (0.5-2.0 ppm) have shown little evidence of lung inflammation or decreased host resistance capacity. in the study reported here, 8 healthy volunteers were exposed to 2.0 ppm NO2 and to filtered air for 4 h while undergoing intermittent moderate exercise. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed the following morning. The lavage was divided into a predominantly bronchial washing (first 20 mi of lavage; BL) and a predominantly alveolar washing (BAL). In the BL, NO2 exposure caused increases in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and tissue plasminogen activator, and decreases in epithelial cells. In the BAL there were no NO2-induced changes in either cell numbers or soluble mediators. On the other hand, alveolar macrophages from BAL showed a decrease in the ability to phagocytose unopsonized Candida albicans and a decrease in superoxide production. No difference in susceptibility to virus infection was found between the NO2- and air-exposed macrophages. No changes in lung function were observed, but the aerosol bolus recovery technique revealed a statistically significant (p < .05) decrease in the fraction of aerosol recovered following NO2 exposure, which is suggestive of small obstructive changes induced by NO2.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
RP Devlin, RB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mail Drop 58D, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 61
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 5
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0895-8378
J9 INHAL TOXICOL
JI Inhal. Toxicol.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 11
IS 2
BP 89
EP 109
DI 10.1080/089583799197195
PG 21
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 162DB
UT WOS:000078329200001
PM 10380161
ER
PT J
AU Katz, IM
Davis, BM
Martonen, TB
AF Katz, IM
Davis, BM
Martonen, TB
TI A numerical study of particle motion within the human larynx and trachea
SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID DEPOSITION PATTERNS; TURBULENT FLOWS; HUMAN LUNGS; MODELS; DISPERSION
AB In this paper, particle trajectories are calculated using a stochastic model for turbulent fluctuations incorporated into the particle momentum equation, in combination with the time-averaged solutions of flow fields in the larynx and trachea. The manner in which turbulence may affect overall deposition is investigated through illustrative numerical experiments of the effects of flow rate, initial particle location, density, and size, from which results are given in the form of probability density histograms of final particle locations (i.e. deposition sites). The histogram bins are defined in a unique manner that highlight the deposition mechanisms associated with turbulent dispersion. It is observed that turbulence may play a key role in enhancing particle deposition in the larynx and trachea. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Trinity Univ, Dept Engn Sci, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA.
US EPA, Hlth Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Div Pulm Dis, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA.
RP Katz, IM (reprint author), Trinity Univ, Dept Engn Sci, 715 Stadium Dr, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA.
NR 21
TC 56
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0021-8502
J9 J AEROSOL SCI
JI J. Aerosol. Sci.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 30
IS 2
BP 173
EP 183
DI 10.1016/S0021-8502(98)00043-3
PG 11
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences;
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 136AU
UT WOS:000076836100005
ER
PT J
AU Whitford, WG
Kay, FR
AF Whitford, WG
Kay, FR
TI Biopedturbation by mammals in deserts: a review
SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on the Ecological, Evolutionary, and Geomorphologic
Significance of Open Burrow Systems in Conjunction with the 7th
International Theriological Congress
CY SEP 06-11, 1997
CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO
DE biopedturbation; burrows; deserts; disturbance; fossorial rodents; small
mammals; patch dynamics; soil properties
ID PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; TAILED KANGAROO RAT; MIMA-LIKE MOUNDS;
MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; SMALL STONE CONTENT; DIPODOMYS-SPECTABILIS;
SOUTH-AFRICA; MOLE-RATS; POCKET GOPHERS; CAPE-PROVINCE
AB Disturbance-caused patchiness is important for development and maintenance of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in ecosystems. Mammals are important agents of biopedturbation (soil disturbance by organisms) which is a major source of patchiness in arid ecosystems. The contribution of soil disturbance by mammals to heterogeneity is a function of the size and longevity of the soil disturbance. Foraging pits produced by a variety of mammals are relatively short-lived features that trap plant litter and seeds that are rapidly buried. These form nutrient-rich germination sites. High water infiltration rates, a low bulk density rooting environment, and frequently increased soil nutrient content (especially mounds of central-place foragers and larder-hoarders) characterize warren complexes. Productivity tends to be higher on these mounds and the vegetation tends to differ in composition and richness from the surrounding areas. Soil ejected from fossorial mammal burrow systems is generally of low bulk density, erodes readily, and varies greatly with respect to concentration of nutrients and organic matter depending upon the species and landscape in which the species lives. The variability in soil properties of fossorial burrow system ejecta mounds precludes generalizations about the effects of these disturbances on vegetation. Long-lived features such as Mima-like mounds and heuweltjies are nutrient-rich features that support high productivity and a distinct floral assemblage. There is a significant relationship between longevity of mammal soil disturbance and size of the disturbance: longevity in years = 9.33 Area(0.735). The data suggest that pedturbation by mammals can be an important force in pedogenesis, in structuring landscapes, and in maintaining heterogeneity in ecosystems. Data on mammalian pedturbation is based on scattered autecological studies. There is a need for long-term studies that focus on biopedturbation (soil disturbance by invertebrates and vertebrates) as a process at scales from the patch to the landscape. (C) 1999 Academic Press.
C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
RP Whitford, WG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range,POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
EM fkay@swca.com
NR 142
TC 143
Z9 160
U1 7
U2 44
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0140-1963
J9 J ARID ENVIRON
JI J. Arid. Environ.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 41
IS 2
BP 203
EP 230
DI 10.1006/jare.1998.0482
PG 28
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 180AV
UT WOS:000079363400007
ER
PT J
AU Gulson, BL
Gray, B
Mahaffey, KR
Jameson, CW
Mizon, KJ
Patison, N
Korsch, MJ
AF Gulson, BL
Gray, B
Mahaffey, KR
Jameson, CW
Mizon, KJ
Patison, N
Korsch, MJ
TI Comparison of the rates of exchange of lead in the blood of newly born
infants and their mothers with lead from their current environment
SO JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID IN-VIVO MEASUREMENTS; BONE; MICE; MOBILIZATION; INTOXICATION;
METABOLISM; ABSORPTION; PREGNANCY; EXPOSURE; WORKERS
AB Newly born infants (n = 15) were monitored for 6 months after birth or for longer periods to evaluate the changes in isotopic composition and lead concentration in infants as compared with that in women from the same population groups and to determine the clearance rates of lead from blood in the infants. These data represent the first published results for serial blood sampling in a relatively large cohort of newly born infants. Blood lead concentrations decrease from the cord to samples taken at 60 to 90 days and then increase by amounts varying from negligible to 166%. In spite of concern about individual susceptibility to lead pharmacokinetics, changes in isotopic ratio followed a smooth decrease over time for 9 of the 11 infants born to migrant parents, and the patterns of variation were quite reproducible. Data for 2 of 4 infants born to multigenerational Australian parents exhibited little change in isotopic ratio over time, and in the other two cases, the changes were attributed to diet. The rate of exchange (t(1/2)) for the migrant infants of lead in blood derived from the mother during pregnancy and the lead from the current environment was calculated by using a linear function and ranged from 65 to 131 (91 +/- 19, mean +/- SD) days. The half-lives for the exchange of skeletal and environmental lead for 7 of the 8 women before significant mobilization of lead from the maternal skeleton ranged from 50 to 66 (59 +/- 6) days. One explanation for the longer half lives for infants as compared with the mothers may be the proportionally higher contribution of current environmental (Australian) lead in the infants at parturition. Exchanges of lead in infants are more complex than for the adults, reflecting inputs from sources such as maternal skeletal lead during breast feeding.
C1 Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
Macquarie Univ, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
CSIRO, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Gulson, BL (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES-05292]
NR 31
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC
PI ST LOUIS
PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA
SN 0022-2143
J9 J LAB CLIN MED
JI J. Lab. Clin. Med.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 133
IS 2
BP 171
EP 178
DI 10.1016/S0022-2143(99)90010-0
PG 8
WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine,
Research & Experimental
SC Medical Laboratory Technology; General & Internal Medicine; Research &
Experimental Medicine
GA 164ZJ
UT WOS:000078493200010
PM 9989769
ER
PT J
AU Bryce, SA
Larsen, DP
Hughes, RM
Kaufmann, PR
AF Bryce, SA
Larsen, DP
Hughes, RM
Kaufmann, PR
TI Assessing relative risks to aquatic ecosystems: A mid-Appalachian case
study
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE aquatic monitoring; aquatic ecosystems; nonpoint source pollution;
relative risk; risk assessment; water quality; watershed management
ID STREAM
AB Aquatic monitoring aims to assess the condition of aquatic habitats and biota. To make statements about condition, the range of human activities and the risks they pose to aquatic ecosystems must be identified. Assessing relative risk and placing sample sites on a human disturbance gradient is necessary for interpreting biological response and distinguishing human disturbance from natural controls in aquatic systems. We describe a process that uses readily available sources, such as topographic maps, aerial photographs, and field information, to identify and prioritize stream reach and watershed stressors for 102 streams in the mid-Appalachian region of the United States. All perceptible human alterations to riparian and upland areas along with their number, type, intensity, and extent of impact were recorded and ranked; a relative risk index was developed to assign scores to the watersheds. The resulting risk index scores were consistent with measures of stream condition based on water chemistry and benthic macroinvertebrates. The risk index gives a cost-effective, regional picture of the relative risk of impairment to aquatic ecosystems in the mid-Appalachian region of the USA and could be modified for other regions or ecosystem types.
C1 Dynam Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Bryce, SA (reprint author), Dynam Corp, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
NR 27
TC 35
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC
PI HERNDON
PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 USA
SN 1093-474X
J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS
JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 35
IS 1
BP 23
EP 36
DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb05449.x
PG 14
WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water
Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 179TM
UT WOS:000079345200002
ER
PT J
AU Cropper, M
Griffiths, C
Mani, M
AF Cropper, M
Griffiths, C
Mani, M
TI Roads, population pressures, and deforestation in Thailand, 1976-1989
SO LAND ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Article
AB We estimate nit equilibrium model of land clearing to study the impacts of roads and population on deforestation in Thailand between 1976 and 1989. Population pressures es were mole important in the North and Northeast sections of Thailand (elasticity offorest area with respect to agricultural population density = -0.82) than in the South and Central regions (elasticity = -0.46). Road building was more important in the South/Central region than in the rest of the country. The elasticity of forest area with respect to road density is -2.5 in the South/Central region, but is not statistically significant in the North/ Northeast. (JEL Q23).
C1 World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA.
Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Cropper, M (reprint author), World Bank, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA.
NR 16
TC 66
Z9 70
U1 1
U2 2
PU UNIV WISCONSIN
PI MADISON
PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA
SN 0023-7639
J9 LAND ECON
JI Land Econ.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 75
IS 1
BP 58
EP 73
DI 10.2307/3146993
PG 16
WC Economics; Environmental Studies
SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 188DB
UT WOS:000079828900004
ER
PT J
AU Di Giovanni, GD
Watrud, LS
Seidler, RJ
Widmer, F
AF Di Giovanni, GD
Watrud, LS
Seidler, RJ
Widmer, F
TI Comparison of parental and transgenic alfalfa rhizosphere bacterial
communities using Biolog GN metabolic fingerprinting and enterobacterial
repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-PCR (ERIC-PCR)
SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CARBON-SOURCE UTILIZATION; C SOURCE
UTILIZATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; PLANT;
GENOMES; XANTHOMONAS; RHIZOPLANE
AB Rhizosphere bacterial communities of parental and two transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) of isogenic background were compared based on metabolic fingerprinting using Biolog GN microplates and DNA fingerprinting of bacterial communities present in Biolog GN substrate wells by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-PCR (ERIC-PCR). The two transgenic alfalfa expressed either bacterial (Bacillus licheniformis) genes for alpha-amylase or fungal (Phanerochaete chrysosporium) genes for Mn-dependent lignin peroxidase (Austin S, Bingham ET, Matthews DE, Shahan MN, Will J, Burgess RR, Euphytica 85:381-393). Cluster analysis and principal components analysis (PCA) of the Biolog GN metabolic fingerprints indicated consistent differences in substrate utilization between the parental and lignin peroxidase transgenic alfalfa rhizosphere bacterial communities. Cluster analysis of ERIC-PCR fingerprints of the bacterial communities in Biolog GN substrate wells revealed consistent differences in the types of bacteria (substrate-specific populations) enriched from the rhizospheres of each alfalfa genotype. Comparison of ERIC-PCR fingerprints of bacterial strains obtained from substrate wells to substrate community ERIC-PCR fingerprints suggested that a limited number of populations were responsible for substrate oxidation in these wells. Results of this study suggest that transgenic plant genotype may affect rhizosphere microorganisms and that the methodology used in this study may prove a useful approach for the comparison of bacterial communities.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Evironm Effects Res Lab, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RP Di Giovanni, GD (reprint author), Amer Water Works Serv Co Inc, Qual Control & Res Lab, 1115 S Illinois St, Belleville, IL 62220 USA.
NR 32
TC 77
Z9 85
U1 1
U2 9
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0095-3628
J9 MICROBIAL ECOL
JI Microb. Ecol.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 37
IS 2
BP 129
EP 139
PG 11
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Microbiology
GA 167UJ
UT WOS:000078651500006
ER
PT J
AU Gilbert, ME
Mack, CM
Lasley, SM
AF Gilbert, ME
Mack, CM
Lasley, SM
TI The influence of developmental period of lead exposure on long-term
potentiation in the adult rat dentate gyrus in vivo
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE dentate gyrus; long-term potentiation; lead; rat developmental periods
ID INDUCED BEHAVIORAL IMPAIRMENT; H-3 MK-801 BINDING; METHYL-D-ASPARTATE;
DELAYED SPATIAL ALTERNATION; PERFORANT PATH; DISCRIMINATION REVERSAL;
SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; LEARNING-DEFICITS; CHANNEL
CURRENTS
AB Previous work has demonstrated an increase in the threshold for induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus of animals chronically exposed to lead (Pb) from birth (Gilbert et al., 1996). The present study sought to extend these findings by evaluating the developmental periods critical for Pb-induced impairment oft TP. Rats were exposed to Pb through maternal milk and/or the drinking water over different developmental intervals: 1) beginning just prior to birth and continuing throughout life (PL); 2) beginning just prior to birth and terminating at weaning (PW); or 3) continously from the early post-weaning period throughout life (WL). Pregnant darns received 0.2% Pb-acetate in the drinking water on gestational day (GD)16, with male offspring switched to the same solution (PL group) or tap water (PW group) at weaning on postnatal day (PND)21. Postweaning exposure began on PND30 and continued throughout life. As adults (PND130-210), field potentials evoked by perforant path stimulation were recorded in the dentate gyrus under urethane anesthesia, and an ascending series of stimulus trains was administered to induce LTP and to determine its threshold. The magnitute of population spike IFS) LTP was reduced relative to controls in animals exposed throughout life (PL) and in animals exposed after weaning (WL). No impairment in PS LTP was evident in animals removed from Pb at weaning and tested as adults (PW). Similarly, thresholds for induction of PS LTP were elevated relative to controls in the PL and WL groups, but were not affected by Pb exposure limited to the lactational period (PW). Reductions in the magnitude of LTP of the EPSP slope were evident in posttrain I/O functions in all Pb-exposed groups, including the PW group. An elevated LTP threshold was evident in the EPSP slope measure in the continuously exposed group (PL) only. Thus Pb exposure restricted to the lactational period appeared less disruptive to adult LTP in the dentate gyrus than continuous exposure beginning around birth or weaning. However, EPSP slope LTP was impaired in animals exposed to Pb for as little as 30 days in the early postnatal period. An attenuated ability to support neuroplastic change in synaptic function may contribute to cognitive deficits associated with Pb-induced toxicity. (C) 1999 Intox Press, Inc.
C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
US EPA, Natl Res Council, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Biomed & Therapeut Sci, Peoria, IL 61656 USA.
RP Gilbert, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-74B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM gilbert.mary@epamail.epa.gov
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-06253]
NR 58
TC 35
Z9 38
U1 1
U2 3
PU INTOX PRESS INC
PI LITTLE ROCK
PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 20
IS 1
BP 57
EP 69
PG 13
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 170ML
UT WOS:000078809400006
PM 10091859
ER
PT J
AU Gilbert, ME
Mack, CM
Lasley, SM
AF Gilbert, ME
Mack, CM
Lasley, SM
TI Chronic developmental lead exposure and hippocampal long-term
potentiation: Biphasic dose-response relationship
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE dentate gyrus; long-term potentiation; LTP; lead; Pb; in vivo;
developmental; hippocampus
ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; H-3 MK-801 BINDING; NMDA RECEPTOR COMPLEX; GYRUS
IN-VIVO; DENTATE GYRUS; CHANNEL CURRENTS; PERFORANT PATH; INORGANIC
LEAD; RAT; BRAIN
AB Developmental exposure to lead (Pb) has long been associated with reductions in intellectual function in children and behavioral impairments in animal models of learning and memory. We have used long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus of the Pb-exposed rats to determine the potential of a reduced capacity for synaptic plasticity to contribute to Pb-induced cognitive dysfunction. Previous work demonstrated that developmental exposure resulting in moderate blood concentrations of Pb increase the threshold for induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus in vivo. These findings were also suggestive of reductions in LTP magnitude (Gilbert et al., 1996). The present study was designed to further examine the effects of Pb on LTP magnitude and to determine if lower blood Pb levels commonly encountered in children are also effective in impairing synaptic plasticity in this rodent model. Pregnant dams were exposed to control tap water or 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 or 1.0% Pb-acetate in the drinking water beginning just prior to parturition (gestational day 16, GD16). Male offspring were weaned at 21 days of age (PN21) to the same solution given their dams and continued on this regimen until testing. As adults, animals were anesthetized with urethane and stimulating and recording electrodes placed in the perforant path and dentate gyrus, respectively. Post-train I/O functions taken 1 hour alter delivery of a series of six high frequency (400Hz) trains revealed a reduced capacity for LTP of the PS amplitude and EPSP slope in Pb-exposed animals in all but the 1.0% group, indicative of a biphasic dose-effect relationship. The 1.0% Pb exposure was clearly less effective than the lower exposure levels in reducing LTP magnitude, and did not differ significantly from control values. The mechanisms underlying the reduced efficacy of higher exposure levels of Pb to impair LTP are not clear. Blood (26-117 mu g/dl) and brain (220-1812 ng/g tissue) concentrations of Pb were elevated as a function of increasing exposure (0.1%-1.0%) and cannot readily account for the lack of an effect in the 1.0% group on LTP. We have observed a similar profile in hippocampal glutamate release employing a similar range of exposure levels, i.e., reduction of glutamate release that is absent at higher concentrations of Pb in the drinking water (Lasley et al., 1998). These and previously reported data suggest that the ability of Pb to diminish presynaptic transmitter release contributes to a reduced capacity for LTP at lower exposure levels. The reversal of the effect of Pb on glutamate release that accompanies higher exposure levels may serve to compensate for the mechanism underlying the LTP impairment and form the basis for the biphasic dose-response pattern seen with chronic developmental exposure. (C) 1999 Intox Press, Inc.
C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
US EPA, Natl Res Council, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Biomed & Therapeut Sci, Peoria, IL 61656 USA.
RP Gilbert, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-74B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM gilbert.mary@epamail.epa.gov
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-06253]
NR 48
TC 38
Z9 43
U1 1
U2 6
PU INTOX PRESS INC
PI LITTLE ROCK
PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 20
IS 1
BP 71
EP 82
PG 12
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 170ML
UT WOS:000078809400007
PM 10091860
ER
PT J
AU Audesirk, G
Burbacher, T
Guilarte, TR
Laughlin, NK
Lopachin, R
Suszkiw, J
Tilson, H
AF Audesirk, G
Burbacher, T
Guilarte, TR
Laughlin, NK
Lopachin, R
Suszkiw, J
Tilson, H
TI Understanding the NIH review process: A brief guide to writing grant
proposals in neurotoxicology
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE neurotoxicology; grant proposals; grant reviews; NIH review process;
guide to writing
AB During the past two years, the National Institutes of Health ha ve made significant changes in the review process for investigator-initiated research grant applications in neurotoxicology. First, study sections that formerly dealt with toxicology and alcohol, respectively, have been merged. Neurotoxicology grant applications are now reviewed by ALTX-3, a study section in which the majority of members have expertise in the neuronal, biochemical or behavioral effects of alcohol, but usually not other neurotoxicants. Second, the NIH has instituted new review criteria, in which significance, approach, innovation, investigator expertise, and research environment must all be explicitly addressed by the reviews. In this article, past and present members of the ALTX-3 study section describe the NIH review process, with emphasis on how neurotoxicology applications are handled, and provide guidelines for preparing competitive applications. Following is an outline of this brief guide:
I. Introduction
II. The AL TX.3 Study Section
A. Study Section Expertise
B. Study Section Workload
Ill. New Review Criteria IV. Features of Successful Grant Applications
A. Background and Specific Aims
B. Preliminary Data and/or Progress Report
C. Experimental Design
D. Revised Applications
E. Updating your Application (Sending Post-Submission Material Summary
VI. Acknowledgments
VII. References
(C) 1999 Intox Press, Inc.
C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA.
Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA.
Univ Wisconsin, Harlow Ctr Biol Psychol, Madison, WI USA.
Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA.
Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Physiol, Cincinnati, OH USA.
US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Audesirk, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Biol, POB 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU INTOX PRESS INC
PI LITTLE ROCK
PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 20
IS 1
BP 91
EP 97
PG 7
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 170ML
UT WOS:000078809400009
PM 10091862
ER
PT J
AU Michelson, PH
Dailey, L
Devlin, RB
Peden, DB
AF Michelson, PH
Dailey, L
Devlin, RB
Peden, DB
TI Ozone effects on the immediate-phase response to allergen in the nasal
airways of allergic asthmatic subjects
SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
LA English
DT Article
ID EXPOSURE; RESPONSIVENESS; INFLAMMATION; RHINITIS
AB Epidemiologic and clinical trials have suggested that exposure to ozone increases airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammatory response to inhaled nasal allergen challenge in allergic asthmatic subjects. Previous studies have demonstrated an increased late-phase response to nasal allergen challenge; however, the early-phase response is unknown,We sought to characterize the early-phase response by measuring mast-cell inflammatory mediators and cellular influx at time points immediately following ozone exposure and subsequent allergen challenge, A cohort of mild, asymptomatic dust mite-sensitive asthmatic subjects was identified. Each subject underwent two separate exposures to both 0.4 ppm ozone and clean air in a randomized manner, Nasal ravage was performed before and after each exposure, Nasal allergen was then administered to a defined clinical end point, followed by nasal lavage, Differential cell counts and mast-cell products were identified in each lavage specimen, The mast-cell mediators tryptase and prostaglandin D-2 were analyzed, as was a marker of epithelial cell permeability, albumin, Although allergen produced an increase in early-onset mediator release (mast cell-derived), no enhancement was noted after exposure to ozone, Neutrophil and eosinophil inflammatory mediators were not increased after ozone exposure or enhanced after allergen exposure, although ozone did enhance eosinophilic influx after exposure to allergen, Ozone exposure does not promote early-phase-response mediator release or enhance the response to allergen challenge in the nasal airways of extrinsic asthmatic subjects, Ozone, however, may promote an inflammatory cell influx, which helps induce a more significant late-phase response in this population.
C1 Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60614 USA.
US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
RP Michelson, PH (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Sch Med, 2300 Childrens Plaza,Box 43, Chicago, IL 60614 USA.
NR 17
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 2
PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC
PI ST LOUIS
PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA
SN 0194-5998
J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK
JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 120
IS 2
BP 225
EP 232
DI 10.1016/S0194-5998(99)70411-0
PG 8
WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery
SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery
GA 165GB
UT WOS:000078511500015
PM 9949357
ER
PT J
AU Price, PS
Keenan, R
Swartout, J
Dourson, M
AF Price, PS
Keenan, R
Swartout, J
Dourson, M
TI Response to comments on "An approach for modeling noncancer dose
responses with an emphasis on uncertainty" and "a probabilistic
framework for the reference dose (probabilistic RfD)"
SO RISK ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Ogden Environm & Energy Serv, Portland, ME 04101 USA.
US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45223 USA.
RP Price, PS (reprint author), Ogden Environm & Energy Serv, 15 Franklin St, Portland, ME 04101 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0272-4332
J9 RISK ANAL
JI Risk Anal.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 19
IS 1
BP 7
EP 8
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics,
Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical
Methods In Social Sciences
GA 196TW
UT WOS:000080324500003
ER
PT J
AU Fox, JC
AF Fox, JC
TI US Environmental Protection Agency: Maintaining healthy ocean ecosystems
SO SEA TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
C1 US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Fox, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU COMPASS PUBL INC
PI ARLINGTON
PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA
SN 0093-3651
J9 SEA TECHNOL
JI Sea Technol.
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 40
IS 2
BP 53
EP 56
PG 4
WC Engineering, Ocean
SC Engineering
GA 173WU
UT WOS:000079003400007
ER
PT J
AU Francis, BM
Metcalf, RL
Lewis, PA
Chernoff, N
AF Francis, BM
Metcalf, RL
Lewis, PA
Chernoff, N
TI Maternal and developmental toxicity of halogenated 4 '-nitrodiphenyl
ethers in mice
SO TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CONGENITAL DIAPHRAGMATIC-HERNIA; HERBICIDE
"2,4-DICHLOROPHENYL-PARA-NITROPHENYL ETHER; INVIVO TERATOLOGY SCREEN;
DIPHENYL-ETHER; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENYL-P-NITROPHENYL
ETHER; THYROID-HORMONES; NITROFEN; RATS; TERATOGENICITY
AB In an ongoing effort to delineate structure-activity relationships in the developmental toxicity of diphenyl ethers, we evaluated the maternal and developmental toxicity of 10 diphenyl ethers related to the herbicide nitrofen. All possible trichlorophenyl 4'-nitrophenyl ethers were evaluated, as were the 2,4-difluorophenyl and 2,4-dibromophenyl 4'-nitrophenyl ethers. We also evaluated bifenox and chlomethoxyfen, which are 2,4-dichlorophenyl congeners with meta-substituents on the 4'-nitrophenyl ring. Nitrofen (2,4-dichlorophenyl 4'-nitrophenyl ether) was included for comparison. Identity of the halogen affected the postnatal (but not prenatal) mortality induced by 2,4-dihalogenated 4'-nitrophenyl ethers. The presence of 3'-substituents on the 4'-nitrophenyl ring reduced both pre- and postnatal toxicity of 2,4-dichlorinated congeners. Among chlorinated 4'-nitrophenyl congeners without meta-substituents on the nitrophenyl ring, the position of chlorine substituents strongly affected the congener's potential for inducing prenatal vs. postnatal syndromes. All congeners increased liver to body weight ratios in unmated females, but such increases were not well-correlated with either prenatal or postnatal embryotoxicity. Teratology 59:69-80, 1999, (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Reprod Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Francis, BM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, 1101 W Peabody Dr,Room 352, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
NR 42
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0040-3709
J9 TERATOLOGY
JI Teratology
PD FEB
PY 1999
VL 59
IS 2
BP 69
EP 80
DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199902)59:2<69::AID-TERA1>3.0.CO;2-I
PG 12
WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
GA 170GK
UT WOS:000078797800001
PM 10069437
ER
PT J
AU Khodadoust, AP
Suidan, MT
Acheson, CM
Brenner, RC
AF Khodadoust, AP
Suidan, MT
Acheson, CM
Brenner, RC
TI Remediation of soils contaminated with wood preserving wastes:
crosscurrent and countercurrent solvent washing
SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE crosscurrent; countercurrent; ethanol; PCP; solvent washing
ID PCP
AB Solvent washing was evaluated as a method to remove pentachlorophenol (PCP) from aged field soils contaminated with wood treating wastes. Several soil,solvent contact ratios were considered. Solvent washing processes were evaluated based on the removal of PCP from the soil throughout the process. Mixtures with at least 50% (mass) ethanol extracted statistically equivalent amounts of PCP, removing as much as 730 mg/kg for one soil. Kinetic experiments demonstrated that soil-solvent contact times of approximately 1 h were adequate to remove a majority of the PCP. A crosscurrent soil washing procedure was developed to determine the solvent volume required to remove PCP from field soils. Consecutive wash stages with the 50% ethanol solvent were followed by water rinse stages, The crosscurrent washes were performed in three- and two-stage processes where soils were washed with the 50% ethanol solvent in three- and two-successive stages followed by water rinse stages. Ethanol recoveries were greater than 90% for both the three- and the two-stage wash trains. In addition to PCP, hydrocarbons were removed from the field soils by the 50% ethanol solvent. Effective removal of PCP by the 50% ethanol solvent was not impeded by the presence of hydrocarbons in the soils. Three-stage countercurrent soil washing with 50% ethanol was successful in reducing PCP contamination on the soil from 785 to less than 40 mg/kg. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B,V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Suidan, MT (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
NR 17
TC 11
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3894
J9 J HAZARD MATER
JI J. Hazard. Mater.
PD JAN 29
PY 1999
VL 64
IS 2
BP 167
EP 179
DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(98)00244-1
PG 13
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 163CT
UT WOS:000078385500004
ER
PT J
AU Weerakoon, WM
Olszyk, DM
Moss, DN
AF Weerakoon, WM
Olszyk, DM
Moss, DN
TI Effects of nitrogen nutrition on responses of rice seedlings to carbon
dioxide
SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Oryza sativa L.; biomass; carbon dioxide; nitrogen; photosynthesis; rice
ID ORYZA-SATIVA; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; YIELD; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS
AB Global atmospheric CO2 concentration is increasing, likely increasing the productivity of crops as higher CO2 enhances plant photosynthesis. Responsiveness to nitrogen supply is an essential trait of modem rice cultivars, and may play a role in the response of rice cultivars to CO2. To determine the relationship between these two important production variables on young rice plants, seedlings of Oryza sativa L. 'IR72' and 'KDML 105' were exposed for 28 days after sowing to CO2 levels of 373, 545, 723 and 895 mu molmoI(-1), and 3 levels of nitrogen fertility. There were large increases in leaf CO2 assimilation and biomass production whereas leaf nitrogen concentration dropped sharply as CO2 increased from 373 to 545 mu mol mol(-l), with little additional effect from higher levels of CO2. Root and shoot biomass, and tiller number per plant increased with increasing nitrogen supply and with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. The biomass response to CO2 was slight at low N supply, but became dramatically greater as the N supply increased. Mean root/shoot ratio increased slightly as atmospheric CO2 concentration increased, but decreased sharply as nitrogen fertility rate increased. These results suggest that careful attention to nitrogen fertilization will be necessary for rice fanning to get the full benefit of any future increases in atmospheric CO2. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
Dept Agr, Rice Res Inst, Batalogoda, Sri Lanka.
Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Olszyk, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
NR 20
TC 13
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-8809
J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON
JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ.
PD JAN 12
PY 1999
VL 72
IS 1
BP 1
EP 8
DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(98)00166-2
PG 8
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 153BY
UT WOS:000077814100001
ER
PT J
AU Caffrey, JJ
Hidaka, K
Matsuda, M
Hirata, M
Shears, SB
AF Caffrey, JJ
Hidaka, K
Matsuda, M
Hirata, M
Shears, SB
TI The human and rat forms of multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase:
functional homology with a histidine acid phosphatase up-regulated
during endochondral ossification
SO FEBS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE chondrocyte; inositol phosphate; bone; apoptosis; multiple inositol
polyphosphate phosphatase
ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; PROTEIN;
3-PHOSPHATASE; EXPRESSION; MECHANISM; SEQUENCES; MEMBRANES
AB We have derived the full-length sequences of the human and rat forms of the multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase (MIPP); their structural and functional comparison with a chick histidine acid phosphatase (HiPER1) has revealed new information: (1) MIPP is approximately 50% identical to HiPER1, but the ER-targeting domains are divergent; (2) MIPP appears to share the catalytic requirement of histidine acid phosphatases, namely, a C-terminal His residue remote from the RHGxRxP catalytic motif; (3) rat MIPP mRNA is upregulated during chondrocyte hypertrophy. The latter observation provides a contest for proposing that MIPP may aid bone mineralization and salvage the inositol moiety prior to apoptosis. (C) 1999 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Inositide Signaling Grp, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
Kyushu Univ, Fac Dent, Dept Biochem, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 812, Japan.
RP Caffrey, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Inositide Signaling Grp, NIH, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
EM caffrey@niehs.nih.gov
NR 24
TC 24
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0014-5793
J9 FEBS LETT
JI FEBS Lett.
PD JAN 8
PY 1999
VL 442
IS 1
BP 99
EP 104
DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01636-6
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology
GA 156LL
UT WOS:000078002600022
PM 9923613
ER
PT J
AU Lash, LH
Putt, DA
AF Lash, LH
Putt, DA
TI Identification of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione in the blood of human
volunteers exposed to trichloroethylene
SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A
LA English
DT Article
ID REGIOISOMERIC MERCAPTURIC ACIDS; UNSCHEDULED DNA-SYNTHESIS; CONJUGATE
BETA-LYASE; RENAL-CELL TUMORS; KIDNEY-CELLS; URINARY METABOLITE; MOUSE
LUNG; CYSTEINE; GLUTATHIONE; TOXICITY
AB Healthy male and female human volunteers were exposed to 50 ppm or 100 ppm trichloroethylene (Tri) by inhalation for 4 h. Blood and urine samples were taken at various times before, during, and after the exposure period for analysis of glutathione (GSH), related thiols and disulfides, and GSH-derived metabolites of Tri. The GSH conjugate of Tri, S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione (DCVG), was found in the blood of all subjects from 30 min after the start of the 4-h exposure to Tri to 1 to 8 h after the end of the exposure period, depending on the dose of Tri and the sex of the subject Male subjects exposed to 100 ppm Tri exhibited a maximal content of DCVG in the blood at 2 h after the start of the exposure of 46.1 +/- 14.2 nmol/ml (n = 8), whereas female subjects exposed to 100 ppm Tri exhibited a maximal content of DCVG; in the blood at 4 h after the start of the exposure of only 13.4 +/- 6.6 nmol/ml (n = 8). Pharmacokinetic analysis of blood DCVG concentrations showed that the area under the curve value was 3.4-fold greater in males than in females, while the t(1/2) values for systemic clearance of DCVG were similar in the two sexes. Analysis of the distribution of individual values indicated a possible sorting, irrespective of gender, into a high and a low-activity population, which suggests the possibility of a polymorphism. The mercapturates N-acetyl-1,2-DCVG and N-acetyl-2,2-DCVG were only observed in the urine of 1 male subject exposed to 100 ppm Tri. Higher contents of glutamate were generally found in the blood of females, but no marked differences between sexes were observed in contents of cyst(e)ine or GSH or in GSH redox status in the blood. Urinary GSH output exhibited a diurnal variation with no apparent sex- or Tri exposure-dependent differences. These results provide direct, in vivo evidence of GSH conjugation of Tri in humans exposed to Tri and demonstrate markedly higher amounts of DCVG formation in males, suggesting that their potential risk to Tri-induced renal toxicity may be greater than that of females.
C1 Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, Armstrong Lab, Div Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA.
US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Lash, LH (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, 540 E Canfield Ave, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
OI Lash, Lawrence/0000-0003-3239-4481
FU NIDDK NIH HHS [K04-DK02090]
NR 46
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND
SN 0098-4108
J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A
JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A
PD JAN 8
PY 1999
VL 56
IS 1
BP 1
EP 21
DI 10.1080/009841099158204
PG 21
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 157UV
UT WOS:000078080800001
PM 9923751
ER
PT B
AU Daniels, AE
Voytko, JE
AF Daniels, AE
Voytko, JE
GP AESF
AESF
TI Environmental technology verification program update
SO 1999 AEROSPACE/AIRPLANE PLATING & METAL FINISHING FORUM
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Aerospace/Airline Plating and Metal Finishing Forum and Exposition
CY APR 20-22, 1999
CL JACKSONVILLE, FL
SP Amer Electroplaters & Surface Finishers Soc
AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Concurrent Technologies Corporation (CTC) are cooperating in a program for the metal finishing industry called the "Environmental Technology Verification for Metal Finishing" (ETV-MF) Program. This Program, in association with the EPA's Common Sense Initiative Metal Finishing Sector, is a pilot to verify innovative, commercial-ready technologies designed to improve industry performance and achieve cost-effective pollution prevention. This paper will describe how the program operates, how the program activities are guided by a group of industry stakeholders, and how the program can benefit pollution prevention technology suppliers and users involved with aerospace and airlines finishing. Current program activities and future plans will be discussed.
C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Daniels, AE (reprint author), Concurrent Technol Corp, 7990 114th Ave,Suite 2, Largo, FL 33773 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ELECTROPLATERS SURFACE FINISHERS SOC INC
PI ORLANDO
PA 12644 RESEARCH PKWY, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA
PY 1999
BP 93
EP 98
PG 6
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BW96W
UT WOS:000183794600014
ER
PT S
AU Collins, GB
Britton, PW
Clark, PJ
Brackett, KA
Chatfield, EJ
AF Collins, GB
Britton, PW
Clark, PJ
Brackett, KA
Chatfield, EJ
BE Beard, ME
Rook, HL
TI Asbestos in drinking water performance evaluation studies
SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENT METHODS FOR ASBESTOS
SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Advances in Environmental Measurement Methods for Asbestos
CY JUL 13-17, 1997
CL BOULDER, CO
SP ASTM Comm D 22
DE asbestos; drinking water; chrysotile dispersions
AB Performance evaluations of laboratories testing for asbestos in drinking water according to USEPA Test Method 100.1 or 100.2 are complicated by the difficulty of providing stable sample dispersions of asbestos in water. Reference samples of a graduated series of chrysotile asbestos concentrations dispersed in glass-distilled water were prepared in December of 1989 to address this concern.
Sealed glass ampuls, containing the reference dispersions, were sent to volunteer asbestos testing laboratories. The number of participating labs varied from 33 to 50. The data reported here was compiled from the four most recent test rounds performed.
Statistical analysis of data from the volunteer laboratories indicate that further work is needed to develop asbestos reference samples that produce data with less variability.
Details of the preparation of the samples, laboratory analytical procedures and statistical analysis of the results are presented, along with a discussion of issues suggested by the data.
C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Collins, GB (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS
PI W CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA
SN 1040-1695
BN 0-8031-2616-6
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 1999
VL 1342
BP 273
EP 287
DI 10.1520/STP42344S
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Materials Science
GA BP57Y
UT WOS:000085558700021
ER
PT S
AU Byun, DW
AF Byun, DW
BE Brebbia, CA
Jacobson, M
Power, H
TI One-atmosphere dynamics description in the Models-3 Community
Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system
SO AIR POLLUTION VII
SE ADVANCES IN AIR POLLUTION SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Air Pollution Conference
CY JUL 26-28, 1999
CL STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA
SP Wessex Inst Technol, Stanford Univ
HO STANFORD UNIV
AB This paper proposes a general procedure to link meteorological data with air quality models, such as U.S. EPA's Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. CMAQ is intended to be used for studying multi-scale (urban and regional) and multi-pollutant (ozone, aerosol, and acid/nutrient depositions) air quality problems. The Models-3 CMAQ system is expected to be a common vehicle to advance environmental modeling techniques for scientists and the regulatory community. To provide multi-scale capability for meteorological and air quality modeling, a set of governing equations for the fully compressible atmosphere is introduced. By recasting input meteorological data with the variables that satisfy the governing equations in a generalized coordinate system, CMAQ can follow the dynamics and thermodynamics of the meteorological model closely. A robust mass conservation scheme is introduced and discussed.
C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Byun, DW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU WIT PRESS
PI SOUTHAMPTON
PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND
SN 1369-5886
BN 1-85312-693-4
J9 ADV AIR POLLUT SER
PY 1999
VL 6
BP 883
EP 892
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Mechanics;
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mechanics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
GA BP05R
UT WOS:000083991000085
ER
PT J
AU Ribaudo, M
Kuch, P
AF Ribaudo, M
Kuch, P
TI The Clean Water Action Plan: New directions or going in circles?
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association
CY AUG 08-11, 1999
CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE
SP Amer Agr Econ Assoc
C1 USDA, Resource Econ Div, Econ Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
US EPA, Natl Resources Sectors Staff, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Ribaudo, M (reprint author), USDA, Resource Econ Div, Econ Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC
PI AMES
PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA
SN 0002-9092
J9 AM J AGR ECON
JI Am. J. Agr. Econ.
PY 1999
VL 81
IS 5
BP 1205
EP 1209
DI 10.2307/1244108
PG 5
WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics
SC Agriculture; Business & Economics
GA 285VM
UT WOS:000085409000033
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, RS
Wheeler, WJ
Christensen, LA
AF Johnson, RS
Wheeler, WJ
Christensen, LA
TI EPA's approach to controlling pollution from animal feeding operations:
An economic analysis
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association
CY AUG 08-11, 1999
CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE
SP Amer Agr Econ Assoc
ID COSTS
C1 US EPA, Engn & Anal Div, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
RP Wheeler, WJ (reprint author), US EPA, Engn & Anal Div, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC
PI AMES
PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA
SN 0002-9092
J9 AM J AGR ECON
JI Am. J. Agr. Econ.
PY 1999
VL 81
IS 5
BP 1216
EP 1221
DI 10.2307/1244110
PG 6
WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics
SC Agriculture; Business & Economics
GA 285VM
UT WOS:000085409000035
ER
PT J
AU Pfaff, A
Bergeron, N
Maulding, T
Miller, D
Weinberg, M
Howitt, RE
Knapp, K
Creason, J
Iovanna, R
Griffiths, C
AF Pfaff, A
Bergeron, N
Maulding, T
Miller, D
Weinberg, M
Howitt, RE
Knapp, K
Creason, J
Iovanna, R
Griffiths, C
TI Natural resources issues.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA.
Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC
PI AMES
PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA
SN 0002-9092
J9 AM J AGR ECON
JI Am. J. Agr. Econ.
PY 1999
VL 81
IS 5
BP 1276
EP 1276
PG 1
WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics
SC Agriculture; Business & Economics
GA 285VM
UT WOS:000085409000072
ER
PT J
AU Abrahams, NA
Jordan, J
AF Abrahams, NA
Jordan, J
TI Averting expenditures as a measure of WTP in the presence of joint
production.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
US EPA, OAQPS, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC
PI AMES
PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA
SN 0002-9092
J9 AM J AGR ECON
JI Am. J. Agr. Econ.
PY 1999
VL 81
IS 5
BP 1307
EP 1307
PG 1
WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics
SC Agriculture; Business & Economics
GA 285VM
UT WOS:000085409000333
ER
PT J
AU Owens, N
Jenkins, RR
Wiggins, LB
AF Owens, N
Jenkins, RR
Wiggins, LB
TI Valuing a statistical child's life.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC
PI AMES
PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA
SN 0002-9092
J9 AM J AGR ECON
JI Am. J. Agr. Econ.
PY 1999
VL 81
IS 5
BP 1318
EP 1318
PG 1
WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics
SC Agriculture; Business & Economics
GA 285VM
UT WOS:000085409000430
ER
PT J
AU Ipe, V
DeVuyst, E
AF Ipe, V
DeVuyst, E
TI A group incentive program for farmer adoption of best management
practices: An application to nitrate pollution in central Illinois.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC
PI AMES
PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA
SN 0002-9092
J9 AM J AGR ECON
JI Am. J. Agr. Econ.
PY 1999
VL 81
IS 5
BP 1320
EP 1320
PG 1
WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics
SC Agriculture; Business & Economics
GA 285VM
UT WOS:000085409000446
ER
PT J
AU Tudor, L
Besedin, E
Fisher, M
AF Tudor, L
Besedin, E
Fisher, M
TI Economic analysis of environmental regulations: Application of the
random utility model to recreational benefits assessment for the metal
products and machinery effluent guideline.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC
PI AMES
PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA
SN 0002-9092
J9 AM J AGR ECON
JI Am. J. Agr. Econ.
PY 1999
VL 81
IS 5
BP 1320
EP 1320
PG 1
WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics
SC Agriculture; Business & Economics
GA 285VM
UT WOS:000085409000447
ER
PT J
AU Chappell, CL
Okhuysen, PC
Sterling, CR
Wang, C
Jakubowski, W
Dupont, HL
AF Chappell, CL
Okhuysen, PC
Sterling, CR
Wang, C
Jakubowski, W
Dupont, HL
TI Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy adults with
pre-existing anti-C. Parvum serum immunoglobulin G
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; HYPERIMMUNE BOVINE COLOSTRUM; OUTBREAK;
DIARRHEA; WATER; MICE; IGA; IMMUNOCOMPETENT; TRANSMISSION; VOLUNTEERS
AB A 50% infectious dose (ID50) of 132 Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts was previously determined in serologically negative individuals (ELISA). In this study, 17 healthy adults with pre-existing anti-C. parvum serum IgG were challenged with 500-50,000 oocysts. Infection and diarrhea were associated with the higher challenge doses, The ID50 was 1,880 oocysts, > 20-fold higher than in seronegative volunteers. Fecal oocysts were detected in only seven (53.8%) of 13 individuals with clinical cryptosporidiosis, indicating that the host response may effectively decrease the number of oocysts produced. Subjects with the highest absorbances prior to challenge had little to no increase in IgG following challenge, whereas volunteers with lower reactivities showed significant postchallenge increases, This suggests that an upper limit of serum IgG was present in some subjects, while others were further stimulated by an additional exposure. These data indicate that prior exposure to C. parvum provides protection from infection and illness at low oocyst doses.
C1 Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect Dis, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
Univ Texas, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
US EPA, Microbiol Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
St Lukes Episcopal Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
RP Chappell, CL (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect Dis, Hlth Sci Ctr, 1200 Herman Pressler Dr, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-02558]
NR 38
TC 128
Z9 132
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 60
IS 1
BP 157
EP 164
PG 8
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 163ZE
UT WOS:000078436300028
PM 9988341
ER
PT J
AU Brumley, WC
Gerlach, CL
AF Brumley, WC
Gerlach, CL
TI Capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence in groundwater
migration determination
SO AMERICAN LABORATORY
LA English
DT Article
AB The results presented in this article show that capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection can be a valuable method for detecting the fluorescent dyes that are commonly used as tracers in groundwater migration studies.
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
Lockheed Martin, Las Vegas, NV USA.
RP Brumley, WC (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
NR 12
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC
PI SHELTON
PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA
SN 0044-7749
J9 AM LAB
JI Am. Lab.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 31
IS 1
BP 45
EP +
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 162NV
UT WOS:000078354000008
ER
PT B
AU Wozniak, CA
Kough, JL
AF Wozniak, CA
Kough, JL
GP ASSBT
ASSBT
TI Regulation and oversight of plant-pesticides by the US EPA.
SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the
American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists
CY FEB 10-13, 1999
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol
C1 US EPA, Biopesticides & Pollut Prevent Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS
PI DENVER
PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA
PY 1999
BP 267
EP 267
PG 1
WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science &
Technology
SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science &
Technology
GA BQ08R
UT WOS:000087105200071
ER
PT J
AU Flynn, KM
Ferguson, SA
Newbold, RR
AF Flynn, KM
Ferguson, SA
Newbold, RR
TI Estrogen mimics cause minimal behavioral alterations in rats.
SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA.
Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
PI MCLEAN
PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0003-1569
J9 AM ZOOL
JI Am. Zool.
PY 1999
VL 39
IS 5
SI SI
MA 145
BP 25A
EP 26A
PG 2
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 292NE
UT WOS:000085800400146
ER
PT J
AU Nates, SF
McKenney, CL
Epa, US
AF Nates, SF
McKenney, CL
Epa, US
TI Growth and changes in biochemical composition during larval development
of the Stone Crab, Menippe adina Williams and Felder, 1986.
SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
PI MCLEAN
PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0003-1569
J9 AM ZOOL
JI Am. Zool.
PY 1999
VL 39
IS 5
SI SI
MA 444
BP 75A
EP 75A
PG 1
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 292NE
UT WOS:000085800400445
ER
PT J
AU Sagui, C
Darden, TA
AF Sagui, C
Darden, TA
TI Molecular dynamics simulations of biomolecules: Long-range electrostatic
effects
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE
LA English
DT Review
DE free energies; particle mesh Ewald; fast multipole; periodic boundary
conditions; Ewald summation
ID PERIODIC BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; FAST
MULTIPOLE ALGORITHM; FINITE-SIZE CORRECTIONS; PARTICLE MESH EWALD;
FREE-ENERGY; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; IONIC HYDRATION; SYSTEMS; SUMS
AB Current computer simulations of biomolecules typically make use of classical molecular dynamics methods, as a very large number (tens to hundreds of thousands) of atoms are involved over timescales of many nanoseconds. The methodology for treating short-range bonded and van der Waals interactions has matured. However, long-range electrostatic interactions still represent a bottleneck in simulations. In this article, we introduce the basic issues for an accurate representation of the relevant electrostatic interactions. In spite of the huge computational time demanded by most biomolecular systems, it is no longer necessary to resort to uncontrolled approximations such as the use of cutoffs. In particular, we discuss the Ewald summation methods, the fast particle mesh methods, and the fast multipole methods. We also review recent efforts to understand the role of boundary conditions in systems with long-range interactions, and conclude with a short perspective on future trends.
C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Sagui, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
NR 73
TC 372
Z9 377
U1 3
U2 57
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA
SN 1056-8700
J9 ANNU REV BIOPH BIOM
JI Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomolec. Struct.
PY 1999
VL 28
BP 155
EP 179
DI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.28.1.155
PG 25
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
GA 213KJ
UT WOS:000081271400008
PM 10410799
ER
PT J
AU Holmes, MT
Ingham, ER
Doyle, JD
Hendricks, CW
AF Holmes, MT
Ingham, ER
Doyle, JD
Hendricks, CW
TI Effects of Klebsiella planticola SDF20 on soil biota and wheat growth in
sandy soil
SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs); Klebsiella planticola;
soil ecology; ecological effects
ID TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; POPULATIONS; ETHANOL; MICROORGANISMS; NEMATODES;
BACTERIAL; DYNAMICS; XYLOSE
AB The potential for ecological effects to occur after the release of genetically engineered microorganisms is a global concern and the release of biotechnology products must be assessed on a case-by-case basis. In this research, a genetically engineered strain of Klebsiella planticola (SDF20) bacteria was added to microcosms containing sandy soil and wheat plants to assess the potential for effects on soil biota and plant growth. One half of the soil treatments in this study contained wheat plants to compare some effects on growing rhizosphere communities in the experimental system. When SDF20 was added to soil with plants, the numbers of bacterial and fungal feeding nematodes increased significantly, coinciding with death of the plants, In contrast, when the parental strain, SDF15 was added to soil with plants, only the number of bacterial feeding nematodes increased but the plants did not die. The introduction of either SDF15 or SDF20 strains to soil without plants did not alter the nematode community. No effects were observed on the activity of native bacterial and fungal communities by either SDF15 or SDF20. This study is evidence that SDF20 can persist under conditions found in some soil ecosystems and for long enough periods of time to stimulate change in soil biota that could affect nutrient cycling processes. Further investigation is needed to determine the extent these observations may occur in situ but this study using soil microcosms was the first step in assessing potential for the release of genetically engineered microorganisms to result in ecological effects, (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RP Holmes, MT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
NR 31
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0929-1393
J9 APPL SOIL ECOL
JI Appl. Soil Ecol.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 11
IS 1
BP 67
EP 78
DI 10.1016/S0929-1393(98)00129-2
PG 12
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 160RU
UT WOS:000078245400008
ER
PT J
AU Shelton, ME
Chapman, PJ
Foss, SS
Fisher, WS
AF Shelton, ME
Chapman, PJ
Foss, SS
Fisher, WS
TI Degradation of weathered oil by mixed marine bacteria and the toxicity
of accumulated water-soluble material to two marine crustacea
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SHRIMP PALAEMONETES PUGIO; CRUDE-OIL; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; GRASS
SHRIMP; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; BIODEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENT;
ASPHALTENES; SEDIMENTS; ORGANISMS
AB Artificially weathered crude oil was degraded by four diverse cultures of mixed marine bacteria under optimized conditions for 7 and 14 days. Loss in total weight of starting oil (30 g) ranged from 6.8-17.3% in biologically active incubations compared with only 0.9-1.1% in sterile and nutrient-limited controls. In all incubations, both neutral and acidic water-soluble fractions (WSF) were accumulated. In biologically active systems, 50.9-249.0 mg neutral and 63.3-406.8 mg acidic WSF were accumulated whereas only 6.5-11.1 mg neutral and 1.7-2.2 mg acidic WSF were accumulated in control incubations. Analysis by gas chromatography demonstrated that accumulated WSF in biologically active systems contained compounds different from those washed from the starting crude oil. Exposure of grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) embryos to neutral WSF from each of the biologically active cultures resulted in high embryo mortalities relative to sterile and nutrient-limited controls which exhibited >90% hatching success and larval survival. Toxicity of neutral WSF was also demonstrated on larvae of mysids (Mysidopsis bahia). In both cases, toxicity occurred only on exposure to neutral material accumulated by active, oil-degrading cultures and not with material washed from the weathered crude oil. These results imply that unique compounds were accumulated during degradation that may have been responsible for increased toxicity.
C1 Water Technol & Controls Inc, Reidsville, NC 27320 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
RP Shelton, ME (reprint author), Water Technol & Controls Inc, 642 Tamco Rd, Reidsville, NC 27320 USA.
NR 31
TC 23
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 9
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 36
IS 1
BP 13
EP 20
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 146RE
UT WOS:000077443500003
PM 9828257
ER
PT B
AU Donohue, JM
Abernathy, CO
AF Donohue, JM
Abernathy, CO
BE Chappell, WR
Abernathy, CO
Calderon, RL
TI Exposure to inorganic arsenic from fish and shellfish
SO ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND HEALTH EFFECTS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects
CY JUL 12-15, 1998
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Soc Environm Geochem & Hlth, Univ Colorado, US EPA, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlantic Richfield Co, Electr Power Res Inst, Int Council Met Environm, Elf Atochem, Environm Arsen Council
DE arsenic; arsenobetaine; arsenocholine; fish; shellfish
ID MARINE ORGANISMS; SEAFOOD PRODUCTS; ARSENOBETAINE; METABOLISM;
SPECIATION; RATS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ARSENOCHOLINE; SPECTROMETRY; RETENTION
AB Humans are exposed to arsenic (As) from many sources such as food, water, air and soil. Most foods contain both organic and inorganic forms of As and the inorganic compounds are generally considered to be more toxic. Although fish and shellfish are major contributors to dietary As among seafood consumers, over 90% of the As in seafood is generally organic rather than inorganic. Thus, it is important to know the relative levels of various As species in fish and shellfish when estimating risks from seafood consumption. Data were collected from published and unpublished literature on the concentrations of total, inorganic and organic As present in fish and shellfish. Distributions were skewed with median concentrations, in this instance, a better representation of central tendency than mean concentrations. The data were used to estimate total exposure to inorganic As from consumption of fish/shellfish for several exposure scenarios applicable to seafood-consuming populations, including subsistence groups. Data on fish and shellfish consumption patterns were derived from the 1989-1991 U.S. Department of Agriculture Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals. Organic As in ocean and estuarine fish and shellfish is primarily present as arsenobetaine (AsB) with smaller amounts as arsenocholine (AsC) or other organic compounds. Less is known about the identity of the organic arsenic in freshwater fish. Data on the toxicokinetics of AsB and AsC demonstrate that the As in these compounds is apparently not bioavailable for interaction with other biological molecules.
C1 US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Donohue, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, 401 M St,SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 32
TC 40
Z9 42
U1 1
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
BN 0-08-043648-X
PY 1999
BP 89
EP 98
DI 10.1016/B978-008043648-7/50012-1
PG 4
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
GA BP93Q
UT WOS:000086671000010
ER
PT B
AU Lewis, DR
AF Lewis, DR
BE Chappell, WR
Abernathy, CO
Calderon, RL
TI Drinking water arsenic: The Millard County, Utah mortality study
SO ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND HEALTH EFFECTS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects
CY JUL 12-15, 1998
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Soc Environm Geochem & Hlth, Univ Colorado, US EPA, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlantic Richfield Co, Electr Power Res Inst, Int Council Met Environm, Elf Atochem, Environm Arsen Council
DE arsenic; drinking water; mortality; cancer; cardiovascular effects; Utah
ID BLADDER-CANCER; SKIN-CANCER; QUALITY; DISEASE
AB The EPA risk assessment for drinking water arsenic is based on skin cancer and wide-ranging exposures of between 10 and 1,820 mu g/L drinking water arsenic from studies conducted in Taiwan in the 1960s. This investigation in a cohort of 4,058 residents from Millard County, Utah, represents one of the larger studies in a U.S, population. Exposure was based on drinking water arsenic concentrations performed by the Utah Health Laboratory using EFA approved test methods. Median arsenic concentrations in drinking water ranged from 14 mu g/L to 166 mu g/L. The cohort was established based on historic membership records of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS). Current vital status was determined by the LDS. Death certificates of the deceased were collected and reviewed for cause of death. Cause of death was coded using the International Cause of Death (ICD) version 9 coding rubric. Results from the standard mortality ratio (SMR) analysis include statistically significant associations for hypertensive heart disease (SMR=2.20), nephritis and nephrosis (SMR=1.72), and prostate cancer (SMR=1.45) among males, and hypertensive heart disease (SMR=1.73) and all other heart disease including pulmonary heart disease and diseases of the pericardium (SMR=1.43) among females. These results indicate that cancer and other health effects may be important at low exposure levels of less than 200 mu g/L. A Cox proportional hazards analysis using an exposure matrix to include the number of years in residence and the median arsenic level for the town of residence is underway.
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, HSD, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Lewis, DR (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, HSD, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, MD-58A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 27
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
BN 0-08-043648-X
PY 1999
BP 133
EP 140
DI 10.1016/B978-008043648-7/50017-0
PG 4
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
GA BP93Q
UT WOS:000086671000015
ER
PT J
AU Holland, DM
Principe, PP
Sickles, JE
AF Holland, DM
Principe, PP
Sickles, JE
TI Trends in atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen species in the eastern United
States for 1989-1995
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE generalized additive models; trend; percent change; sulfur dioxide;
sulfate; nitrogen
ID PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; DEPOSITION; SULFATE
AB Emission reductions were mandated in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 with the expectation that they would result in major reductions in the concentrations of atmospherically transported pollutants. This paper investigates the form and magnitude of trends from 1989 to 1995 in atmospheric concentrations of sulfur dioxide, sulfate, and nitrogen at 34 rural sites in the eastern US. Across all sites, there is strong evidence of statistically significant declining trends in sulfur dioxide (median change of -35%) and sulfate concentrations (median change of -26%). In general, trends in nitrogen concentrations were not as pronounced (median change of -8%) as trends in the sulfur compounds. A regional estimate of trend for a cluster of sites in the Ohio River valley showed close correspondence between declining sulfur dioxide concentrations (-35%) and changes in sulfur dioxide emissions (-32%) in this region. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Holland, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 24
TC 57
Z9 57
U1 2
U2 10
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 33
IS 1
BP 37
EP 49
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 149QT
UT WOS:000077617400004
ER
PT J
AU Blackman, CF
Blanchard, JP
Benane, SG
House, DE
AF Blackman, CF
Blanchard, JP
Benane, SG
House, DE
TI Experimental determination of hydrogen bandwidth for the ion parametric
resonance model
SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE IPR model; hydrogen ion resonance; nerve growth factor; static magnetic
field; PC-12 cells; bandwidth
ID MAGNETIC-FIELD INTERACTIONS; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; PC-12 CELLS;
NERVE-CELLS
AB The ion parametric resonance (IPR) model predicts that distinct patterns of field-induced biological responses will occur at particular magnetic field combinations which establish ion resonances. An important characteristic of resonance is the bandwidth response of the system, in part because it determines the required tolerances of the test system. Initial development of the IPR model used literature data to estimate the bandwidth for any ion resonance to be +/-10% of its exact resonance. Because the charge-to-mass ratio of hydrogen is much larger than any other biologically significant ion, hydrogen resonance provides a unique test case by which a single ionic bandwidth can be clearly measured. Of particular relevance is work by Trillo et al. that demonstrated a hydrogen-only, resonance-based IPR response of neurite outgrowth in PC-12 cells. The work reported here considers the response of nerve-growth-factor-stimulated PC-12 cells exposed to magnetic fields tuned at or near hydrogen resonance. This work was designed to test directly the IPR model hypothesis of a +/- 10% ionic bandwidth. Consistent with the work of Trillo et al., resonance conditions were established using a 2.97 mu T static magnetic field, and the AC frequency and field strength were varied to prove different aspects of the resonance. With this static field 45 Hz was the resonance frequency identified for hydrogen, 42.5 and 47.5 Hz were near-resonance frequencies, and 40 and 50 Hz bounded the assumed +/-10% hydrogen resonance bandwidth. We repeated each test three times. The cell responses at 45 Hz exposures agreed with the IPR model predictions and replicated results obtained by Trillo et al. Cells exposed to 42.5 and 47.5 Hz (near resonance) magnetic fields responded in the same general pattern as those exposed to 45 Hz fields, but neurite outgrowth was less than that observed at resonance. Measured results for cells exposed to either 40 Hz or 50 Hz fields were indistinguishable from off-resonance responses, consistent with the hypothesized bandwidth. These results confirm that the response bandwidth for the hydrogen ion is no greater than +/-10%, and give further support to the resonance-based predictions of the IPR model. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Bechtel Corp Technol & Consulting, San Francisco, CA USA.
RP Blackman, CF (reprint author), US EPA, MD-68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 16
TC 13
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0197-8462
J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS
JI Bioelectromagnetics
PY 1999
VL 20
IS 1
BP 5
EP 12
DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1999)20:1<5::AID-BEM2>3.0.CO;2-R
PG 8
WC Biology; Biophysics
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics
GA 154FQ
UT WOS:000077878500002
PM 9915588
ER
PT J
AU Whitford, WG
Sobhy, HM
AF Whitford, WG
Sobhy, HM
TI Effects of repeated drought on soil microarthropod communities in the
northern Chihuahuan Desert
SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS
LA English
DT Article
DE desert; drought; Larrea tridentata; soil microarthropods; Prosopis
glandulosa
ID SIMULATED RAINFALL; LARREA-TRIDENTATA; PATTERNS; CREOSOTEBUSH;
ECOSYSTEMS; NEMATODES; NITROGEN; STEMFLOW; ROOTS; UTAH
AB Soil microarthropods were sampled in plots centered on creosotebushes (Larrea tridentata) and in plots centered on mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) coppice dunes. Nine plots in each area were covered by rain-out shelters with greenhouse plastic roofs which excluded natural rainfall and nine plots received natural rainfall. There were differences in the abundance of several mite taxa in soils from the mesquite coppice dune plots. Some taxa (Stigmaeidae, Nanorchestidae, and Entomobryidae) occurred in significantly lower numbers in the soils of the drought plots. Other taxa (Tarsonemidae and Cunaxidae) were more abundant in the drought plots in the mesquite coppice dunes. There were no significant differences in the abundance of any of the dominant taxa of soil microarthropods in the drought and control plots centered on creosotebush. In the creosotebush habitat, there were significantly fewer Prostigmata in the plots exposed to drought. In an area with both creosotebush and mesquite, there were no significant differences in microarthropod population responses to drought and in recovery from drought. The differences in responses of soil microarthropods to drought in creosotebush and mesquite habitats are attributed to the differences in soil stability, litter accumulations, and microclimate associated with the shrubs.
C1 US EPA, NERL, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89195 USA.
Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Whitford, WG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
NR 17
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 10
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0178-2762
J9 BIOL FERT SOILS
JI Biol. Fertil. Soils
PY 1999
VL 28
IS 2
BP 117
EP 120
PG 4
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 147VY
UT WOS:000077519300002
ER
PT J
AU Kay, FR
Sobhy, HM
Whitford, WG
AF Kay, FR
Sobhy, HM
Whitford, WG
TI Soil microarthropods as indicators of exposure to environmental stress
in Chihuahuan Desert rangelands
SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS
LA English
DT Article
DE desertification; desert grassland; grazing; herbicides; indicators
ID LITTER DECOMPOSITION; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS
AB We studied soil microarthropod communities along livestock grazing disturbance gradients, inside and outside grazing exclosures, and on areas subjected to restoration efforts (herbicide and bulldozing) in order to test the suitability of mites as indicators of rangeland soil quality. We found that mite numbers generally increased with decreased grazing disturbance. Soil microarthropods appeared to respond to a complex of factors including soil compaction, depth to an impervious soil layer, below-ground vegetative biomass, and residual effects of herbicide. All of our study plots, except those that had been herbicide treated, were dominated by microbivorous mites of the family Nanorchestidae. The numerical responses of mites, especially nanorchestids, appeared to provide a sensitive indicator of ecosystem health in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland.
C1 New Mexico State Univ, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
US EPA, Natl Exposure Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89196 USA.
RP Whitford, WG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Ecol Annex, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
NR 19
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 7
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0178-2762
J9 BIOL FERT SOILS
JI Biol. Fertil. Soils
PY 1999
VL 28
IS 2
BP 121
EP 128
DI 10.1007/s003740050472
PG 8
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 147VY
UT WOS:000077519300003
ER
PT J
AU Ostby, JS
Price, M
Lambright, CR
Gray, LE
AF Ostby, JS
Price, M
Lambright, CR
Gray, LE
TI The herbicide linuron, an androgen receptor antagonist, produces
reproductive malformations in male rats.
SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, RTD, EB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION
PI MADISON
PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA
SN 0006-3363
J9 BIOL REPROD
JI Biol. Reprod.
PY 1999
VL 60
SU 1
MA 144
BP 138
EP 138
PG 1
WC Reproductive Biology
SC Reproductive Biology
GA 211CA
UT WOS:000081141300209
ER
PT J
AU Wolf, CJ
Ostby, JS
Gray, LE
AF Wolf, CJ
Ostby, JS
Gray, LE
TI Antiandrogenic effects of prenatal vinclozolin exposure in the male rat:
And investigation of possible involvement of EGF.
SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, RTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
N Carolina State Univ, Dept Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION
PI MADISON
PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA
SN 0006-3363
J9 BIOL REPROD
JI Biol. Reprod.
PY 1999
VL 60
SU 1
MA 145
BP 138
EP 138
PG 1
WC Reproductive Biology
SC Reproductive Biology
GA 211CA
UT WOS:000081141300210
ER
PT J
AU Holmes, M
Suarez, J
Klinefelter, G
AF Holmes, M
Suarez, J
Klinefelter, G
TI Dibromoacetic acid perturbs protein synthesis in adult rat seminiferous
tubules.
SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC USA.
US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION
PI MADISON
PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA
SN 0006-3363
J9 BIOL REPROD
JI Biol. Reprod.
PY 1999
VL 60
SU 1
MA 146
BP 139
EP 139
PG 1
WC Reproductive Biology
SC Reproductive Biology
GA 211CA
UT WOS:000081141300214
ER
PT J
AU Klinefelter, G
Suarez, J
Roberts, N
Strader, L
AF Klinefelter, G
Suarez, J
Roberts, N
Strader, L
TI The sperm biomarker SP22 is highly correlated with infertility resulting
from the testicular toxicant bromochloroacetic acid
SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION
PI MADISON
PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA
SN 0006-3363
J9 BIOL REPROD
JI Biol. Reprod.
PY 1999
VL 60
SU 1
MA 187
BP 152
EP 152
PG 1
WC Reproductive Biology
SC Reproductive Biology
GA 211CA
UT WOS:000081141300254
ER
PT J
AU Bielmeier, SR
Best, DS
Guidici, DL
Narotsky, MG
AF Bielmeier, SR
Best, DS
Guidici, DL
Narotsky, MG
TI Pregnancy loss in the rat caused by bromodichloromethane (BDCM), a
drinking water disinfection by-product.
SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
US EPA, RTD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION
PI MADISON
PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA
SN 0006-3363
J9 BIOL REPROD
JI Biol. Reprod.
PY 1999
VL 60
SU 1
MA 190
BP 153
EP 153
PG 1
WC Reproductive Biology
SC Reproductive Biology
GA 211CA
UT WOS:000081141300258
ER
PT J
AU Parks, LG
Ostby, JS
Lambright, C
Abbott, BD
Gray, LE
AF Parks, LG
Ostby, JS
Lambright, C
Abbott, BD
Gray, LE
TI Perinatal butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
(DEHP) exposures induce antiandrogenic effects in Spague-Dawley (SD)
rats.
SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 1
PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION
PI MADISON
PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA
SN 0006-3363
J9 BIOL REPROD
JI Biol. Reprod.
PY 1999
VL 60
SU 1
MA 192
BP 153
EP 153
PG 1
WC Reproductive Biology
SC Reproductive Biology
GA 211CA
UT WOS:000081141300256
ER
PT J
AU Cancel, A
Jeffay, S
Perreault, S
AF Cancel, A
Jeffay, S
Perreault, S
TI Evaluation of the integrity of the rat sperm acrosome during in vitro
capacitation.
SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ N Carolina, Toxicol Program, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION
PI MADISON
PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA
SN 0006-3363
J9 BIOL REPROD
JI Biol. Reprod.
PY 1999
VL 60
SU 1
MA 215
BP 160
EP 161
PG 2
WC Reproductive Biology
SC Reproductive Biology
GA 211CA
UT WOS:000081141300279
ER
PT J
AU Welch, J
Barbee, R
Roberts, N
Klinefelter, G
AF Welch, J
Barbee, R
Roberts, N
Klinefelter, G
TI The sperm protein, SP22, is encoded by multiple transcripts in the rat
testis.
SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION
PI MADISON
PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA
SN 0006-3363
J9 BIOL REPROD
JI Biol. Reprod.
PY 1999
VL 60
SU 1
MA 339
BP 198
EP 199
PG 2
WC Reproductive Biology
SC Reproductive Biology
GA 211CA
UT WOS:000081141300402
ER
PT J
AU Balchak, SK
Hedge, JM
Harrison, RA
Pegram, RA
Goldman, JM
AF Balchak, SK
Hedge, JM
Harrison, RA
Pegram, RA
Goldman, JM
TI The effect of bromodichloromethane (BDCM) on steroid release from rat
preovulatory follicles.
SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
US EPA, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
US EPA, NHEERL, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION
PI MADISON
PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA
SN 0006-3363
J9 BIOL REPROD
JI Biol. Reprod.
PY 1999
VL 60
SU 1
MA 343
BP 200
EP 200
PG 1
WC Reproductive Biology
SC Reproductive Biology
GA 211CA
UT WOS:000081141300409
ER
PT J
AU Luft, JC
Benjamin, I
Dix, D
AF Luft, JC
Benjamin, I
Dix, D
TI Protective mechanisms mediated by the stress response in reproductive
tissue and cells.
SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Mol Cardiol Res Labs, Dallas, TX USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION
PI MADISON
PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA
SN 0006-3363
J9 BIOL REPROD
JI Biol. Reprod.
PY 1999
VL 60
SU 1
MA 344
BP 200
EP 200
PG 1
WC Reproductive Biology
SC Reproductive Biology
GA 211CA
UT WOS:000081141300407
ER
PT J
AU Gray, LE
Price, M
Lambright, C
Wolf, C
Hotchkiss, A
Parks, L
Ostby, J
AF Gray, LE
Price, M
Lambright, C
Wolf, C
Hotchkiss, A
Parks, L
Ostby, J
TI Environmental antiandrogens: The malformation pattern varies with the
mechanism of antiandrogenic action.
SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, EB, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION
PI MADISON
PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA
SN 0006-3363
J9 BIOL REPROD
JI Biol. Reprod.
PY 1999
VL 60
SU 1
MA 347
BP 201
EP 201
PG 1
WC Reproductive Biology
SC Reproductive Biology
GA 211CA
UT WOS:000081141300410
ER
PT J
AU Jeffay, S
Lau, C
Strader, L
Stoker, T
Perreault, S
AF Jeffay, S
Lau, C
Strader, L
Stoker, T
Perreault, S
TI Does lactational exposure to PCB Arochlor 1254 result in adverse
reproductive effects in male offspring?
SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION
PI MADISON
PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA
SN 0006-3363
J9 BIOL REPROD
JI Biol. Reprod.
PY 1999
VL 60
SU 1
MA 346
BP 201
EP 201
PG 1
WC Reproductive Biology
SC Reproductive Biology
GA 211CA
UT WOS:000081141300412
ER
PT B
AU Roos, KF
Moser, MA
Martin, AG
AF Roos, KF
Moser, MA
Martin, AG
BE Overend, RP
Chornet, E
TI AgSTAR Charter Farm Program: Experience with five floating lagoon covers
SO BIOMASS: A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY IN GREEN ENERGY AND VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS,
VOLS 1 AND 2
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas on Growth Opportunity in Green
Energy and Value-Added Products
CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1999
CL OAKLAND, CA
SP US DOE, Nat Resource Canada, CA Energy Comm
AB The AgSTAR Program is a voluntary program jointly administered by U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and the USDA-NRCS (Natural Resources Conservation Service). The AgSTAR Program encourages the use of methane recovery technologies at confined animal feeding operations (CAFO) that manage manure as liquids or slurries. The Charter Farm Program promotes a broader understanding of the benefits, costs, and applications of biogas technology by developing commercial-scale demonstration systems at livestock facilities. Ten AgSTAR Charter Farms (operational since 1996) now use a variety of anaerobic digester systems.
This paper summarizes the experience of five of these farms that installed floating covers on lagoons. Two designs of floating cover are compared-bank-to-bank and modular-by discussing gas transfer and rainfall management; cover design, material warranty, and fabrication warranty; suitable materials such as HDPE and polypropylene; performance criteria; and prices based on materials, warranties, and installation. Costs ranged from $0.61/ft(2) to $5.81/ ft(2).
Long term monitoring data (Cheng et al., 1998) indicates > 90% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD). 65% reduction in total nitrogen, and 85% reduction in total phosphorus. This environmental performance is achieved under USDA-NRCS Interim Standard No. 360-Covered Anaerobic Lagoon.
C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20001 USA.
RP Roos, KF (reprint author), US EPA, 401 M St SW 6202-J, Washington, DC 20001 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI KIDLINGTON
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND
BN 0-08-043019-8
PY 1999
BP 743
EP 749
PG 7
WC Energy & Fuels
SC Energy & Fuels
GA BP17M
UT WOS:000084312500114
ER
PT B
AU Mack, EE
Beck, JW
Jones, WJ
AF Mack, EE
Beck, JW
Jones, WJ
BE Alleman, BC
Leeson, A
TI Biotic and abiotic contributions to reductive transformation of organic
pollutants
SO BIOREMEDIATION OF NITROAROMATIC AND HALOAROMATIC COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium
CY APR 19-22, 1999
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc
ID SUBSTITUTED NITROBENZENES
AB The relative contributions of biotic and abiotic reductive transformation processes were probed in two anoxic freshwater sediments by following the transformation of nitrobenzene and 2,4 dichlorophenol (compounds with reducible functional groups of different one electron reduction potential). The sediments differed in their ambient concentrations of iron, organic matter and in situ redox potential but both sediments were competent for transformation of the test compounds. The transformation of nitrobenzene is known to be mediated by both biotic and abiotic processes. Of the two sediments tested, nitrobenzene reduction in one sediment was found to be predominantly carried out by abiotic pathways while in the other sediment biotic pathways dominated. Results suggest that the abiotic reduction of nitrobenzene is dependent upon specific pools of reduced iron present in the sediment. In comparison, reductive dechlorination of 2,4 dichlorophenol, a process known to occur via strictly biotic pathways, was limited by availability of organic carbon in one sediment and redox level in the other.
C1 US EPA, Athens, GA USA.
RP Mack, EE (reprint author), US EPA, Athens, GA USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU BATTELLE PRESS
PI COLUMBUS
PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA
BN 1-57477-080-2
PY 1999
BP 95
EP 100
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BN63D
UT WOS:000082417000016
ER
PT B
AU Glaser, JA
Haines, J
Potter, C
Herrman, R
McClellan, K
O'Neill, K
Hinton, S
AF Glaser, JA
Haines, J
Potter, C
Herrman, R
McClellan, K
O'Neill, K
Hinton, S
BE Leeson, A
Alleman, BC
TI Evaluation of microbial species diversity at a former town gas site
SO BIOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON
COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium
CY APR 19-22, 1999
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc
AB A general approach to structural microbial diversity detection in contaminated soil was derived from phospholipid fatty acid and 16S rRNA analyses. Lipid phosphate analysis was used to screen environmental samples for viable biomass before being selected for 16S rRNA analysis. Fatty acid profiles for each sample provide an early assay of structural microbial diversity and 16S rRNA analysis offers a more thorough picture of the diversity. New analytical methodologies are required to accomplish 16S rRNA analysis for the number of samples produced from field studies. A series of labor saving techniques were investigated to increase the throughput of this very complicated analytical protocol. We are conducting a series of treatability studies on the bioremediation organic contaminants associated with town gas waste at the Bedford Indiana Town Gas Site. Samples selected from the lipid analysis are submitted for 16S rRNA analysis to provide a more thorough picture of microbial diversity at the Bedford site. Introduction to the newly developed spectrum of analytical tools for 16S rRNA analysis and critical evaluation of results derived from the field project will be presented.
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Glaser, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU BATTELLE PRESS
PI COLUMBUS
PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA
BN 1-57477-081-0
PY 1999
BP 209
EP 215
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BN63E
UT WOS:000082417200035
ER
PT J
AU Prahalad, AK
Manchester, DK
Hsu, IC
Inmon, J
Gallagher, JE
AF Prahalad, AK
Manchester, DK
Hsu, IC
Inmon, J
Gallagher, JE
TI Human placental microsomal activation and DNA adduction by air
pollutants
SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID P-32 POSTLABELING ANALYSIS; MATERNAL SMOKING; SENSITIVITY; MECHANISMS;
EMISSIONS; EXPOSURE; TISSUE; P450
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Div Genet Serv,Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80218 USA.
Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Div Genet Serv,Dept Pharmacol, Denver, CO 80218 USA.
Univ Maryland, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
RP Gallagher, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, MD-58C, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 26
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0007-4861
J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX
JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 62
IS 1
BP 93
EP 100
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 152YA
UT WOS:000077804200014
PM 9870995
ER
PT J
AU Dixit, SS
Smol, JP
Charles, DF
Hughes, RM
Paulsen, SG
Collins, GB
AF Dixit, SS
Smol, JP
Charles, DF
Hughes, RM
Paulsen, SG
Collins, GB
TI Assessing water quality changes in the lakes of the northeastern United
States using sediment diatoms
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID CONNECTICUT LAKES; INDICATORS
AB Diatom assemblages were selected as indicators of lake condition and to assess historical lake water quality changes in 257 lakes in the northeastern United States. The "top" (surface sediments, present-day) and "bottom" (generally from >30 cm deep, representing historical conditions) samples from sediment cores collected from lakes and reservoirs were analyzed for diatom assemblages. The distribution of diatom species was closely related to several environmental variables, primarily lake water pH, total phosphorus, and chloride. Using weighted-averaging calibration and regression approaches, we constructed predictive models to infer these variables from the diatom assemblages. The diatom-based inference models were then used to assess the current status of lake water quality and to assess historical changes in lake water conditions in natural lakes over the past 150 years. Changes were also assessed in reservoirs. Population estimates of historical changes in limnological variables were made for all lakes of the northeast United States and also for lakes in the Adirondacks, New England Uplands, and Coastal Lowlands/Plateau ecoregions. The extent of cultural impact has been quite variable among the ecoregions, with marked water quality deterioration occurring in hundreds of lakes. Chloride and phosphorus levels have increased, especially in lakes that currently have high concentrations. Low-pH lakes have become more common in all three ecoregions. The maximum abundance of low-pH lakes was recorded in the Adirondacks, an area receiving the highest acidic precipitation in the northeast. In the Coastal Lowlands/Plateau, there has been a clear increase in eutrophic lakes, as inferred by total phosphorus. This was accompanied by a marked increase in the number of lakes with high chloride levels.
C1 Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA.
Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Dixit, SS (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
RI Smol, John/A-8838-2015
NR 36
TC 124
Z9 127
U1 1
U2 22
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 56
IS 1
BP 131
EP 152
DI 10.1139/cjfas-56-1-131
PG 22
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 173QM
UT WOS:000078991300015
ER
PT J
AU Sedman, CB
AF Sedman, CB
TI Controlling emissions from fuel and waste combustion
SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management & Reduct Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Sedman, CB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management & Reduct Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 8
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU CHEMICAL WEEK ASSOCIATES
PI NEW YORK
PA 888 SEVENTH AVE, 26TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10106 USA
SN 0009-2460
J9 CHEM ENG-NEW YORK
JI Chem. Eng.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 106
IS 1
BP 82
EP 88
PG 7
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA 158BR
UT WOS:000078096600012
ER
PT J
AU Lores, EM
Snyder, RA
Pennock, JR
AF Lores, EM
Snyder, RA
Pennock, JR
TI The effect of humic acid on uptake/adsorption of copper by a marine
bacterium and two marine ciliates
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE bioavailability; dissolved organics; ciliates; copper; humic acid
ID EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDES; TROPHIC TRANSFER; ORGANIC-MATTER;
CADMIUM; BIOAVAILABILITY; SUBSTANCES; PROTOZOA; BIOACCUMULATION;
COMMUNITY; REDUCTION
AB The effect of humic acid (KA) on Cu uptake by a bacterium and two bacterivorus ciliates was investigated. The presence of HA resulted in a statistically significant (p<0.001) decrease in Cu associated with bacteria that were exposed to 67 mu g Cu L-1. Complexation of Cu appears to lower the availability of Cu with respect to bacterial cell surface binding and uptake. For ciliates, 10 mg HA L-1 significantly reduced uptake of Cu by Uronema, but did not reduce uptake of Cu by Pleuronema. Uronema exposed to 67 mu g Cu L-1 accumulated 54% less Cu when 10 mg I-IA L-1 was present (0.50 pg ciliate(-1) vs 0.23 pg ciliate(-1)). Uronema feeding on V. natriegens, took up less than half as much Cu as unfed Uronema when exposed to Cu without HA (0.41 pg Cu fed ciliate(-1) vs 0.86 pg Cu unfed ciliate(-1), but only 40% less when exposed to Cu and HA ( 0.31 pg Cu fed ciliate(-1) vs 0.51 pg Cu unfed ciliate(-1)), The lower % reduction attributable to fed ciliates in the presence of HA suggests that some of the Cu associated with HA is available through trophic processes. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
Univ W Florida, CEDB, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA.
Univ Alabama, Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA.
RP US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
NR 45
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0045-6535
EI 1879-1298
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 38
IS 2
BP 293
EP 310
DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00190-8
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 147HU
UT WOS:000077484100006
PM 10901656
ER
PT J
AU Berglund, DJ
Abbey, DE
Lebowitz, MD
Knutsen, SF
McDonnell, WF
AF Berglund, DJ
Abbey, DE
Lebowitz, MD
Knutsen, SF
McDonnell, WF
TI Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in an elderly nonsmoking
population
SO CHEST
LA English
DT Article
DE chronic airway disease; nonsmoking; passive smoking; pulmonary function;
respiratory symptoms
ID TERM AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS; FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME; PASSIVE SMOKING;
BRONCHIAL HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; COMMUNITY POPULATION; GENERAL-POPULATION;
AIR-POLLUTANTS; TOBACCO-SMOKE; HEART-DISEASE; LUNG-FUNCTION
AB Objective: To examine risk factors for chronic airway disease (CAD) in elderly nonsmokers, as determined by pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and to correlate reported respiratory symptoms with PFT measures.
Design: An observational survey.
Setting: Several communities in California.
Measurements: Exposures and respiratory history were assessed by standardized questionnaire, PFTs were performed and prediction equations derived.
Results: Significant risk factors for obstruction on PFTs in multiple logistic regression included reported environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure (relative risk [RR] = [RR] = 1.44), parental CAD or bay fever (RR = 1.47), history of childhood respiratory illness (RR = 2.15), increasing age, and male sea. The number of rears of past smoking was of borderline significance (RR = 1.29 for 10 years of smoking; p = 0.66), The prevalence of obstruction on PFTs was 24.9% in those with definite symptomatic CAD, compared with 7.5% in those with no symptoms of CAD, The prevalence of obstruction was 36.0% among those crith asthma and 70.6% among those with emphysema, Also, symptomatic CAD correlated with reduction in lung function by analysis of covariance. The mean percent predicted FEV, adjusted for covariates was 90.6% in persons with definite symptoms of CAD, compared with 97.8% in those without it (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Age, ses, parental history, childhood respiratory illness, and reported ETS exposures were significant risk factors for obstruction on PFTs. Self-reported respiratory symptoms also correlated significantly with PFTs.
C1 Loma Linda Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, CHR, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA.
Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Arizona Prevent Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA.
US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Abbey, DE (reprint author), Loma Linda Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, CHR, Evans Hall 204, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA.
EM dAbbey@sph.llu.edu
NR 63
TC 37
Z9 39
U1 3
U2 3
PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS
PI NORTHBROOK
PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA
SN 0012-3692
J9 CHEST
JI Chest
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 115
IS 1
BP 49
EP 59
DI 10.1378/chest.115.1.49
PG 11
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 157QY
UT WOS:000078074200012
PM 9925062
ER
PT J
AU Inglefield, JR
Schwartz-Bloom, RD
AF Inglefield, JR
Schwartz-Bloom, RD
TI Using confocal microscopy and the fluorescent indicator,
6-methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium iodide, to measure changes in intracellular
chloride
SO CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY
SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID RAT-BRAIN SYNAPTONEUROSOMES; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; PYRAMIDAL CELLS; CL;
VOLUME; INHIBITION; ACTIVATION; INCREASES; CHANNELS; GABA(A)
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Inglefield, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 38
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0076-6879
J9 METHOD ENZYMOL
JI Methods Enzymol.
PY 1999
VL 307
BP 469
EP 481
PG 13
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA BP32T
UT WOS:000084720900026
PM 10506989
ER
PT J
AU Anastas, PT
AF Anastas, PT
TI Green chemistry and the role of analytical methodology development
SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Central Europe-USA Workshop on Environmental Chemistry
CY JUN 12-15, 1999
CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC
SP Nat Sci Fdn, United nat Educ, Sci & Cultural Org UNESCO, ACS Baltics & FSU Fund, Czech Chem Soc, CRC Press Merck, Prague & SciTech
AB Green Chemistry has emerged in the 1990s as a way that the skills, knowledge, and talents of chemists can be used avoid threats to human health and the environment in all types of chemical processes. One of the most active areas of Green Chemistry research and development is in analytical methodology development. New methods and techniques that reduce and eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances through all aspects of the chemical analysis Lifecycle are the manifestations of the recent interest in Green Analytical Chemistry.
C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Anastas, PT (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RI Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013
OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172
NR 22
TC 144
Z9 149
U1 2
U2 32
PU CRC PRESS INC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
USA
SN 1040-8347
J9 CRIT REV ANAL CHEM
JI Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem.
PY 1999
VL 29
IS 3
BP 167
EP 175
DI 10.1080/10408349891199356
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 241VN
UT WOS:000082904700003
ER
PT J
AU Telliard, WA
AF Telliard, WA
TI EPA analytical methods for the determination of pollutants in the
environment
SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Central Europe-USA Workshop on Environmental Chemistry
CY JUN 12-15, 1999
CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC
SP Nat Sci Fdn, United nat Educ, Sci & Cultural Org UNESCO, ACS Baltics & FSU Fund, Czech Chem Soc, CRC Press Merck, Prague & SciTech
DE natural environment; regulated pollutants; performance-based measurement
system
AB The mission of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is to protect human health and safeguard the natural environment. EPA was established to implement and enforce environmental regulations passed by the U.S. Congress to control pollutants discharged into the air, water, and land. To implement these regulations, EPA develops test procedures (analytical methods) to measure regulated pollutants. These methods are contained in regulations codified at Title 40 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR). Nearly all of the current test procedures are prescriptive, meaning that they contain exacting procedures for performing tests. Recently, EPA has initiated an effort to implement a performance-based measurement system (PBMS) that will introduce flexibility in conducting environmental monitoring. This initiative will encourage analytical innovation by allowing the use of new and alternate methods provided that predetermined performance criteria are met. This article presents an overview of EPA's analytical methods programs and implementation of PBMS and provides detailed information on EPA's wastewater monitoring program.
C1 US EPA, Engn & Anal Div 4303, Analyt Methods Staff, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Telliard, WA (reprint author), US EPA, Engn & Anal Div 4303, Analyt Methods Staff, 401 M St SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 1
PU CRC PRESS INC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
USA
SN 1040-8347
J9 CRIT REV ANAL CHEM
JI Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem.
PY 1999
VL 29
IS 3
BP 249
EP 257
DI 10.1080/10408349891199428
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 241VN
UT WOS:000082904700010
ER
PT J
AU Koglin, EN
AF Koglin, EN
TI The role of field analytical technologies in environmental
problem-solving
SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Russian/American Environmental Chemistry Workshop on Chemistry and
Environmental Protection
CY MAY 25-28, 1998
CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Characterizat & Monitoring Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
RP Koglin, EN (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Characterizat & Monitoring Branch, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU CRC PRESS INC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
USA
SN 1040-8347
J9 CRIT REV ANAL CHEM
JI Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem.
PY 1999
VL 28
IS 4
BP 352
EP 352
DI 10.1080/10408349891199194
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 165HL
UT WOS:000078515200005
ER
PT J
AU Longanecker, L
AF Longanecker, L
TI Green chemistry and green engineering in the US
SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Russian/American Environmental Chemistry Workshop on Chemistry and
Environmental Protection
CY MAY 25-28, 1998
CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA
C1 US EPA, Econ Exposure & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Longanecker, L (reprint author), US EPA, Econ Exposure & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU CRC PRESS INC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
USA
SN 1040-8347
J9 CRIT REV ANAL CHEM
JI Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem.
PY 1999
VL 28
IS 4
BP 353
EP 355
DI 10.1080/10408349891199202
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 165HL
UT WOS:000078515200006
ER
PT J
AU Cook, JC
Klinefelter, GR
Hardisty, JF
Sharpe, RM
Foster, PMD
AF Cook, JC
Klinefelter, GR
Hardisty, JF
Sharpe, RM
Foster, PMD
TI Rodent Leydig cell tumorigenesis: A review of the physiology, pathology,
mechanisms, and relevance to humans
SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE interstitial cell; Leydig cell; Leydig cell tumors; interstitial cell
tumors; testis; review; chemically induced Leydig cell tumors; human
relevance of rodent Leydig cell tumors
ID HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN; FIBROBLAST GROWTH-FACTOR;
FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY
RATS; MULLERIAN-INHIBITING SUBSTANCE; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST;
DIAZEPAM-BINDING INHIBITOR; BUTYL ETHER MTBE; BROWN-NORWAY RAT
AB Leydig cells (LCs) are the cells of the testis that have as their primary function the production of testosterone. LCs are a common target of compounds tested in rodent carcinogenicity bioassays. The number of reviews on Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) has increased in recent years because of its common occurrence in rodent bioassays and the importance in assessing the relevance of this tumor type to humans. To date, there have been no comprehensive reviews to identify all the compounds that have been shown to induce LCTs in rodents or has any review systematically evaluated the epidemiology data to determine whether humans were at increased risk for developing LCTs from exposure to these agents. This review attempts to fill these deficiences in the literature by comparing the cytology and ontogeny of the LC, as well as the endocrine and paracrine regulation of bath normal and tumorigenic LCs. In addition, the pathology of LCTs in rodents and humans is compared, compounds that induce LC hyperplasia or tumors are enumerated, and the human relevance of chemical-induced LCTs is discussed.
There are plausible mechanisms for the chemical induction of LCTs, as typified by agonists of estrogen, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), and dopamine receptors, androgen receptor antagonists, and inhibitors of Sa-reductase, testosterone biosynthesis, and aromatase. Most of these ultimately involve elevation in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and/or LC responsiveness to LH as proximate mediators. It is expected that further work will uncover additional mechanisms by which LCTs may arise, especially the role of growth factors in modulating LC tumorigenesis.
Regarding human relevance, the pathways for regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis of rats and humans are similar, such that compounds that either decrease testosterone or estradiol levels or their recognition will increase LH levels. Hence, compounds that induce LCTs in rats by disruption of the HPT axis pose a risk to human health, except for possibly two classes of compounds (GnRH and dopamine agonists). Because GnRH and prolactin receptors are either not expressed or are expressed at very low levels in the testes in humans, the induction of LCTs in rats by GnRH and dopamine agonists would appear not to be relevant to humans; however, the potential relevance to humans of the remaining five pathways of LCT induction cannot be ruled out. Therefore, the central issue becomes what is the relative sensitivity between rat and human LCs in their response to increased LH levels; specifically, is the proliferative stimulus initiated by increased levels of LH attenuated, similar, or enhanced in human vs. rat LCs?
There are several lines of evidence that suggest that human LCs are quantitatively less sensitive than rats in their proliferative response to LH, and hence in their sensitivity to chemically induced LCTs. This evidence includes the following: (1) the human incidence of LCTs is much lower than in rodents even when corrected for detection bias; (2) several comparative differences exist between rat and human LCs that may contribute, at least in part, to the greater susceptibility of the rat to both spontaneous and xenobiotic-induced LCTs; (3) endocrine disease states in man (such as androgen-insensitivity syndrome and familial male precocious puberty) underscore the marked comparative differences that exist between rats and man in the responsiveness of their LC's to proliferative stimuli; and (4) several human epidemiology studies are available on a number of compounds that induce LCTs in rats (1,3-butadiene, cadmium, ethanol, lactose, lead, nicotine) that demonstrate no association between human exposure to these compounds and induction of LC hyperplasia or adenomas.
After considering the human incidence of LCTs, the comparative differences between rats and humans, human endocrine disease states, and epidemiology, the weight of evidence suggests that human LCs are quantitatively less sensitive than rat LCs in their proliferative response to LH, and hence in their sensitivity to chemically induced LCTs. It can be concluded that no observable effect levels for the induction of LCTs in rodent bioassays provide an adequate margin of safety for protection of human health and that the data support a nonlinear mode of action (i.e., threshold response). In conclusion, the data suggest that nongenotoxic compounds that induce LCTs in rats most likely have low relevance to humans under most exposure conditions because humans are quantitatively less sensitive than rats. In a recent international multidisciplinary workshop on LC tumorigenesis, seven research needs were identified. In this review, we have begun to address two of these needs (comparative sensitivity differences and epidemiology), and as the other areas of research are further investigated, these data will help to critically test the conclusions in this review.
C1 DuPont Haskell Lab, Newark, DE USA.
US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
Expt Pathol Labs, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
MRC, Reprod Biol Unit, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Cook, JC (reprint author), Pfizer Inc, Cent Res, Eastern Point Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA.
RI Sharpe, Richard/D-2725-2013
OI Sharpe, Richard/0000-0003-1686-8085
NR 539
TC 101
Z9 104
U1 2
U2 8
PU CRC PRESS INC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
USA
SN 1040-8444
J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL
JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol.
PY 1999
VL 29
IS 2
BP 169
EP 261
DI 10.1080/10408449991349203
PG 93
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 181WK
UT WOS:000079465700002
PM 10213111
ER
PT J
AU Lemasters, GK
Lockey, JE
Olsen, DM
Selevan, SG
Tabor, MW
Livingston, GK
New, GR
AF Lemasters, GK
Lockey, JE
Olsen, DM
Selevan, SG
Tabor, MW
Livingston, GK
New, GR
TI Comparison of internal dose measures of solvents in breath, blood and
urine and genotoxic changes in aircraft maintenance personnel
SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1998 Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Issues and
Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment
CY APR 27-30, 1998
CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OHIO
SP Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Operat Toxicol
ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; LYMPHOCYTES;
MICRONUCLEI; FREQUENCIES; TOLUENE; ABERRATIONS; WORKERS
AB Solvents and fuels are in widespread use both in civilian and military populations. 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) xylene, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and methylene chloride are found in a variety of compounds including degreasing agents, paints, coatings, pesticides and paint strippers. Toluene and xylene are also found in fuels, which are complex mixtures of hundreds of agents. The purpose of this investigation was twofold. The first was to determine the optimum medium to measure internal close of solvents comparing blood, urine and breath. The second was to determine if low level exposures were associated with genotoxic changes after a short-term exposure of fifteen or thirty weeks. To accomplish the first goal a pilot study was initiated involving eight volunteers who worked in aircraft maintenance including sheetmetal, painting and assembly mechanic jobs. Industrial hygiene measurements were evaluated over 30 working days. Breath, blood and a 24-hour urine sample were collected twice to compare internal dose parameters. To achieve the second Real, 58 newly hired subjects ware monitored prior to exposure and over 30 weeks to determine if there were genotoxic changes as a result of solvent and/or fuel exposure as measured by sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and micronuclei (MN). Exposure groups included workers involved in sheetmetal (fuel cell) activities, painting, fueling operations and flight line.
Results of the pilot study demonstrated that industrial hygiene air samples and internal breath measures taken an the same day were highly correlated far measuring TCA (r=0.93) and toluene (r=0.90) but was not as well correlated for the other compounds. Breath measures were more sensitive for measuring low level exposure than were either analytes in blood or 24-hour urine samples; these latter two measures were usually below the limit of detection. A small but statistically significant increase in the frequency of SCEs occurred after 30 weeks of exposure for sheet metal workers (p=0.003) and for painters (p=0.05). The MN frequency in the sheet metal workers initially showed a significant increase by 15 weeks, but by 30 weeks had decreased Chance occurrence of exposures to other occupational or non-occupational agents can not be eliminated as a cause of the genotoxic results since between 58 and 93 total analytes could be found in the breath of some aircraft maintenance personnel.
C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA.
Univ Utah, Huntsman Canc Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
DynCorp Colorado Inc, Dept Occupat Med, Golden, CO USA.
USAF, Bolling AFB, Washington, DC 20330 USA.
US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Lemasters, GK (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, POB 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA.
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01ES06597, ES06096]
NR 31
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA
SN 0148-0545
J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL
JI Drug Chem. Toxicol.
PY 1999
VL 22
IS 1
BP 181
EP 200
PG 20
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 173RY
UT WOS:000078994600014
PM 10189578
ER
PT J
AU Rice, G
Swartout, J
Brady-Roberts, E
Reisman, D
Mahaffey, K
Lyon, B
AF Rice, G
Swartout, J
Brady-Roberts, E
Reisman, D
Mahaffey, K
Lyon, B
TI Characterization of risks posed by combustor emissions
SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1998 Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Issues and
Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment
CY APR 27-30, 1998
CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OHIO
SP Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Operat Toxicol
ID MERCURY; FISH; LAKE
AB Risk characterization is the final step of the risk assessment process as practiced in the U.S. EPA. In risk characterization, the major scientific evidence and "bottom-line" results from the other components of the risk assessment process, hazard identification, dose-response assessment, and exposure assessment, are evaluated and integrated into an overall conclusion about the risks posed by a given situation. Risk characterization is also an iterative process; the results of a specific step may require re-evaluation or additional information to: finalize the risk assessment process. Risks posed by atmospheric emissions are an example of an involuntary human health risk which typically receives a great deal of public attention. Characterization of the risks posed hv atmospheric emissions typically requires the use of mathematical models to evaluate: I) the environmental fate of emitted pollutants, 2) exposures to these pollutants, and 3) human dose-response. Integration of these models results in quantitative risk estimates. The confidence in a quantitative risk estimate is examined by evaluating uncertainty and variability within individual risk assessment components. Variability arises from the true heterogeneity in characteristics within a population or an event; on the other hand, uncertainty represents lack of knowledge about the true value used in a risk estimate. U.S EPA's 1997 Mercury Study will illustrate some aspects of the risk characterization process as well as the uncertainty and variability encountered in the risk assessment process.
C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Rice, G (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 38
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA
SN 0148-0545
J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL
JI Drug Chem. Toxicol.
PY 1999
VL 22
IS 1
BP 221
EP 240
DI 10.3109/01480549909029734
PG 20
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 173RY
UT WOS:000078994600017
PM 10189581
ER
PT B
AU Kelsch, T
Powell, RL
Dixon, KR
Fairbrother, A
Helgen, JC
Klaine, SJ
Mayer, FL
Pascoe, GA
Shaw, JL
Theriot, RF
AF Kelsch, T
Powell, RL
Dixon, KR
Fairbrother, A
Helgen, JC
Klaine, SJ
Mayer, FL
Pascoe, GA
Shaw, JL
Theriot, RF
BE Lewis, MA
Mayer, FL
Powell, RL
Nelson, MK
Klaine, SJ
Henry, MG
Dickson, GW
TI Workgroup IV synopsis: Regulatory issues and risk assessment
SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT FOR WETLANDS
SE SETAC SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT SETAC Pellston Workshop on Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment for
Wetlands
CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 1995
CL ANACONDA, MT
SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, SETAC Fdn Environm Educ
ID ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; LAKE-ONTARIO; FISH; CONTAMINANTS; WETLANDS; IMPACTS;
MODEL; FOOD
C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Kelsch, T (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RI Klaine, Stephen/C-5352-2011
NR 55
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA
BN 1-880611-16-3
J9 SETAC SP P
PY 1999
BP 275
EP 314
PG 40
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA BN25G
UT WOS:000081313400009
ER
PT J
AU Thomas, DH
Rakestraw, DJ
Schoeniger, JS
Lopez-Avila, V
Van Emon, J
AF Thomas, DH
Rakestraw, DJ
Schoeniger, JS
Lopez-Avila, V
Van Emon, J
TI Selective trace enrichment by immunoaffinity capillary
electrochromatography on-line with capillary zone electrophoresis -
laser-induced fluorescence
SO ELECTROPHORESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE immunoaffinity; capillary; electrochromatography; miniaturization
ID AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ISOTACHOPHORESIS; PRECONCENTRATION;
PRETREATMENT; IMMUNOASSAY; BINDING
AB Limited by the lack of a sensitive, universal detector, many capillary-based liquid-phase separation techniques might benefit from techniques that overcome modest concentration sensitivity by preconcentrating large injection volumes. The work presented employs selective solid-phase extraction by immunoaffinity capillary electrochromatography (IACEC) to enhance detection limits. A model analyte, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) biotin, is electrokinetically applied to a capillary column packed with an immobilized anti-biotin-IgG support. After selective extraction by the immunoaffinity capillary, the bound analyte is eluted, migrates by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), and is detected by laser-induced fluorescence. The column is regenerated and reused many times. We evaluate the performance of IACEC for selective trace enrichment of analytes prior to CZE. The calibration curve for FITC-biotin bound versus application time is linear from 10 to 300 seconds. Recovery of FITC-biotin spiked into a diluted urinary metabolites solution was 89.4% Versus spiked buffer, with a precision of 1.8% relative standard deviation (RSD).
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
Midwest Res Inst, Calif Operat, Mt View, CA USA.
US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure Res Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
RP Schoeniger, JS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969 MS 9671, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM jsschoe@sandia.gov
NR 30
TC 22
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 5
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI BERLIN
PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0173-0835
J9 ELECTROPHORESIS
JI Electrophoresis
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 20
IS 1
BP 57
EP 66
DI 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2683(19990101)20:1<57::AID-ELPS57>3.3.CO;2-A
PG 10
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 165PR
UT WOS:000078530600010
PM 10065959
ER
PT J
AU Good, L
Wirdzek, P
AF Good, L
Wirdzek, P
TI Auditing to the cutting edge
SO ENERGY ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
C1 Good Consulting, Washington, DC USA.
US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Good, L (reprint author), Good Consulting, Washington, DC USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ENERGY ENGINEERING
PI LILBURN
PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA
SN 0199-8595
J9 ENERG ENG
JI Energy Eng.
PY 1999
VL 96
IS 6
BP 63
EP +
PG 15
WC Energy & Fuels
SC Energy & Fuels
GA 297KG
UT WOS:000086081400006
ER
PT J
AU Garbaccio, RF
Ho, MS
Jorgenson, DW
AF Garbaccio, RF
Ho, MS
Jorgenson, DW
TI Why has the energy-output ratio fallen in China?
SO ENERGY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID INDUSTRY
AB In China, between 1978 and 1995, energy use per unit of GDP fell by 55 percent. There has been considerable debate about the major factors responsible for this dramatic decline in the energy-output ratio. In this paper we use the two most recent input-output tables to decompose the reduction in energy use into technical change and various types of structural change, including changes in the quantity and composition of imports and exports. In performing our analysis we are forced to deal with a number of problems with the relevant Chinese data and introduce some simple adjustments to improve the consistency of the input-output tables. Our main conclusion is that between 1987 and 1992, technical change within sectors accounted for most of the fall in the energy-output ratio. Structural change actually increased the use of energy. An increase in the import of some energy-intensive products also contributed to the decline in energy intensity.
C1 US EPA, Off Econ & Environm, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
Harvard Univ, Dept Econ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Garbaccio, RF (reprint author), US EPA, Off Econ & Environm, 401 M St SW,Mail Code 2177, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 26
TC 103
Z9 121
U1 3
U2 8
PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS
PI CLEVELAND
PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA
SN 0195-6574
J9 ENERGY J
JI Energy J.
PY 1999
VL 20
IS 3
BP 63
EP 91
PG 29
WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies
SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 216LE
UT WOS:000081443500003
ER
PT J
AU McKibbin, WJ
Ross, MT
Shackleton, R
Wilcoxen, PJ
AF McKibbin, Warwick J.
Ross, Martin T.
Shackleton, Robert
Wilcoxen, Peter J.
TI Emissions Trading, Capital Flows and the Kyoto Protocol
SO ENERGY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
AB We use an econometrically estimated multi-region, multi-sector general equilibrium model of the world economy to examine the effects of the tradable emissions permit system proposed in the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, under various assumptions about the extent of international permit trading. We focus, in particular, on the effects of the system on international trade and capital flows. Our results suggest that consideration of these flows significantly affects estimates of the domestic effects of the emissions mitigation policy, compared with analyses that ignore international capital flows.
C1 [McKibbin, Warwick J.] Australian Natl Univ, Econ Div, Res Sch Pacific & Asian Studies, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
[McKibbin, Warwick J.] Brookings Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
[Ross, Martin T.; Shackleton, Robert] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
Univ Texas Austin, Dept Econ, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
RP McKibbin, WJ (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Econ Div, Res Sch Pacific & Asian Studies, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
EM Warwick.McKibbin@anu.edu.au; shackleton.robert@epa.gov;
wilcoxen@eco.utexas.edu
NR 28
TC 29
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 5
PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS
PI CLEVELAND
PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA
SN 0195-6574
J9 ENERG J
JI Energy J.
PY 1999
BP 287
EP 333
PG 47
WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies
SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA V08JJ
UT WOS:000207324800013
ER
PT B
AU Davis-Hoover, WJ
Bryndzia, LT
Roulier, MH
Murdoch, LC
Kemper, M
Cluxton, P
Al-Abed, S
Slack, WW
Vesper, SJ
AF Davis-Hoover, WJ
Bryndzia, LT
Roulier, MH
Murdoch, LC
Kemper, M
Cluxton, P
Al-Abed, S
Slack, WW
Vesper, SJ
BE Leeson, A
Alleman, BC
TI In situ bioremediation utilizing horizontal LASAGNA (TM)
SO ENGINEERED APPROACHES FOR IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED SOLVENT
CONTAMINATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium
CY APR 19-22, 1999
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc
AB The application of in situ horizontal LASAGNA TM combined with methanotrophic bioremedation of trichloroethene was demonstrated at Rickenbacker Air National Guard Base in Ohio. Electroosmosis was conducted between an anode of titanium mesh placed at the ground surface and a cathode composed of a horizontal graphite-filled fracture at a depth of 4 m. Biodegradation of the TCE by an inoculated consortium of methanotrophs was performed in a single layer consisting of granular activated carbon placed at a depth of 240 cm by hydraulic fracturing between the electrodes. Between January 15, 1997 and November 23, 1998, the concentration of TCE in the Biocell soil was reduced to near zero. During the same time period, in the untreated natural attenuation area, little change in TCE concentration was observed.
C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Davis-Hoover, WJ (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 8
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU BATTELLE PRESS
PI COLUMBUS
PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA
BN 1-57477-075-6
PY 1999
BP 263
EP 267
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BN62Y
UT WOS:000082416100041
ER
PT J
AU Schildcrout, JS
Margolin, BH
Zeiger, E
AF Schildcrout, JS
Margolin, BH
Zeiger, E
TI Predicting rodent carcinogenicity using potency measures of the in vitro
sister chromatid exchange and chromosome aberration assays
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE CHO cells; sister chromatid exchanges; chromosome aberrations; potency
estimations; carcinogenicity prediction
ID HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; INVITRO CYTOGENETIC ASSAYS; GENETIC TOXICITY
ASSAYS; TOX PROGRAM; CHEMICALS; TESTS
AB In vitro sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosome aberration (ABS) tests have been extensively used to identify potential rodent carcinogens. A number of measures of potency were developed to describe in vitro SCE and ABS test results: the dose needed to induce a unit increase over the control; the lowest effective dose; the slope of the ordinary linear regression; the maximum observed slope; and the maximum fold increase over background. The ability of these potency measures to predict the qualitative and quantitative carcinogenicity of chemicals was compared to the predictivity of the qualitative in vitro responses. The results of the analyses showed that the quantitative measures of the SCE or ABS responses only minimally increased the predictivity of carcinogenesis when compared to the predictivity using the qualitative responses. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
RP Margolin, BH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, CB 7400 McGavran Greenberg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
NR 16
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0893-6692
J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN
JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen.
PY 1999
VL 33
IS 1
BP 59
EP 64
DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1999)33:1<59::AID-EM7>3.0.CO;2-9
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 163YF
UT WOS:000078433900007
PM 10037324
ER
PT J
AU Dearfield, KL
Benz, RD
AF Dearfield, KL
Benz, RD
TI Can the new genetic toxicology tests be used for regulatory safety
decisions?
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA.
RP Dearfield, KL (reprint author), US EPA, ORD 8103R,401 M St SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0893-6692
J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN
JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen.
PY 1999
VL 33
IS 2
BP 91
EP 93
PG 3
WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 184EZ
UT WOS:000079598600001
PM 10217063
ER
PT J
AU Meier, JR
Wernsing, P
Torsella, J
AF Meier, JR
Wernsing, P
Torsella, J
TI Feasibility of micronucleus methods for monitoring genetic damage in two
feral species of small mammals
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE Peromyscus; Cryptotis; micronuclei; erythrocytes; exposure biomonitoring
ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD ERYTHROCYTES; BONE-MARROW; TOX PROGRAM; ASSAY; MICE;
GENOTOXICITY; PERSISTENCE; SITE
AB Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse) and Cryptotis parva (least shrew) possess desirable attributes for biomonitoring contamination of terrestrial ecosystems, but few studies have examined the potential use of these species for monitoring exposure to genotoxic contaminants. The susceptibility of laboratory-reared C. parva, P. leucopus, and Mus musculus (house mouse, strain CD-1) to micronucleus (MN) induction by known clastogens was evaluated. Animals were exposed for 24 hr to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS; 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg), 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO; 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg), or mercuric chloride (HgCl2; 6, 12, and 24 mg/kg). Both MMS and 4-NQO induced dose-related increases in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in all three species, whereas HgCl2 induced a weak response only in P, leucopus. P. leucopus and C. parva were more sensitive than M. musculus to MMS. Similar micronucleus responses to 4-NQO were seen in each of the species.
The feasibility of using blood for MN assessment was evaluated by comparing MN frequencies in bone marrow (BM) PCE, and blood PCE and normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) in untreated animals, and Following daily treatment For 1, 2, 3, and 10 days with 0.4 mg/kg triethylenemelamine (TEM). The results indicated that micronucleated erythrocytes were removed from the circulating blood in P. leucopus, but not in C. parva. Measure ment of BM and blood MN levels appears feasible for monitoring exposure to genotoxic agents in C. parva and P. leucopus, and for distinguishing between acute and chronic exposure In C. parva. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger)
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
SoBran Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA.
RP Meier, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 23
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 2
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0893-6692
J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN
JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen.
PY 1999
VL 33
IS 3
BP 219
EP 225
DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1999)33:3<219::AID-EM6>3.0.CO;2-X
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 192YY
UT WOS:000080108400006
PM 10334624
ER
PT B
AU Paul, CJ
Khan, FA
Puls, RW
Vardy, J
AF Paul, CJ
Khan, FA
Puls, RW
Vardy, J
BE Schafran, GC
TI Characterization and in-situ remediation of chromium-contaminated soils
and sediments at the USCG Support Center, Elizabeth City, NC
SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 1999
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASCE-CSCE National Conference on Environmental Engineering
CY JUL 25-28, 1999
CL NORFOLK, VA
SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Div Environm Engn, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Div Environm Engn, US EPA, URS Greiner Woodward Clyde, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Norfolk Branch, Hampton Roads Sanitat Dist, City Norfolk Dept Utilit, Environm Assessment Assoc, Int Eros Control Assoc, Natl Onsite Wastewater Recycling Assoc, SE Public Serv Authority, USN, Old Dominion Univ
AB Field and laboratory studies were conducted in order to characterize the extent of chromium contamination in the underlying soils and sediments of a chrome-plating shop at the USCG Support Center near Elizabeth City, NC and to evaluate the use of liquid reductants for in situ treatment of the soils at the site. Soil cores were collected from over 20 locations in 1997 and 1998, resulting in over 300 discrete samples to provide data for vertical and horizontal delineation of the chromium. Selective extractions were used to assess the chemical speciation and distribution of the chromium on the soils and its mobilization potential. Results indicate the highest concentrations of total chromium and Cr(VI) are found in the shallow soils immediately beneath that area of the shop where chromic acid tanks had been located. Laboratory Cr(VI) reduction studies were conducted using the most contaminated soils to evaluate the feasibility of using liquid reductants (sodium dithionite, I-ascorbic acid, and free hydroxylamine) at the site to treat the chromium in situ. Results showed sodium dithionite to be the most effective liquid reductant evaluated.
C1 US EPA, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA.
RP Paul, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA
BN 0-7844-0435-6
PY 1999
BP 111
EP 120
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA BP85T
UT WOS:000086435900012
ER
PT B
AU Telofski, JS
Pohl, KR
Collins, RF
Isaacs, S
AF Telofski, JS
Pohl, KR
Collins, RF
Isaacs, S
BE Schafran, GC
TI Assessing radioactivity at Department of Energy sites
SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 1999
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASCE-CSCE National Conference on Environmental Engineering
CY JUL 25-28, 1999
CL NORFOLK, VA
SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Div Environm Engn, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Div Environm Engn, US EPA, URS Greiner Woodward Clyde, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Norfolk Branch, Hampton Roads Sanitat Dist, City Norfolk Dept Utilit, Environm Assessment Assoc, Int Eros Control Assoc, Natl Onsite Wastewater Recycling Assoc, SE Public Serv Authority, USN, Old Dominion Univ
AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency's National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL), in an ongoing partnership with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), performs environmental sampling, data assessment, and modeling to predict public exposure to radiological and mixed toxic substances near United States Department of Energy (DOE) Superfund sites.
Studies conducted under this program include an assessment of exposure to uranium in groundwater and in milk from dairies near the DOE Femald Environmental Management Project (FEMP), prospective modeling of potential public doses from catastrophic release of radon from the radium storage silos at the FEMP, retrospective modeling of public exposure to tritium in groundwater near the DOE Mound Plant, and assessment of public exposure to uranium from consumption of fish caught near the DOE Los Alamos National Laboratory. The unique aspects of each of these exposure scenarios require a variety of considerations crucial to the accurate estimation of public exposure. This manuscript discusses some of the unique aspects of these studies.
C1 US EPA, Natl Air & Radiat Environm Lab, Montgomery, AL 36115 USA.
RP Telofski, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Air & Radiat Environm Lab, 540 S Morris Ave, Montgomery, AL 36115 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA
BN 0-7844-0435-6
PY 1999
BP 157
EP 166
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA BP85T
UT WOS:000086435900017
ER
PT B
AU Hantush, MM
Zhang, ZL
Murray, V
Marino, MA
AF Hantush, MM
Zhang, ZL
Murray, V
Marino, MA
BE Schafran, GC
TI Leaching models for subsurface pollution assessment in agroecosystems
SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 1999
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASCE-CSCE National Conference on Environmental Engineering
CY JUL 25-28, 1999
CL NORFOLK, VA
SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Div Environm Engn, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Div Environm Engn, US EPA, URS Greiner Woodward Clyde, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Norfolk Branch, Hampton Roads Sanitat Dist, City Norfolk Dept Utilit, Environm Assessment Assoc, Int Eros Control Assoc, Natl Onsite Wastewater Recycling Assoc, SE Public Serv Authority, USN, Old Dominion Univ
ID PESTICIDE
AB Unrestricted use of pesticides in agriculture threatens ground-water resources and can have adverse ecological impact on the nation's receiving surface waters, In this paper, we develop mass fraction models for exposure assessment and the regulation of agricultural organic chemicals. The models are obtained by applying the method of Laplace transformation to solute fate and transport equations. The models describe residual mass emissions of pesticides below the root zone, to the water table, and in aquifers, and they emphasize physical and biochemical processes responsible for the fate and transport of organic solutes in the subsurface. The potential of the use of the mass fraction models in the management of agriculture pesticides is also investigated. A combined modeling and ArcView GIS framework is used to assess soil and groundwater vulnerability to selected pesticides in an agricultural watershed in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal plain.
C1 US EPA, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, ORD, Ada, OK 74820 USA.
RP Hantush, MM (reprint author), US EPA, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, ORD, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA
BN 0-7844-0435-6
PY 1999
BP 177
EP 186
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA BP85T
UT WOS:000086435900019
ER
PT B
AU Smith, JE
AF Smith, JE
BE Schafran, GC
TI Revising EPA's guidance for controlling pathogens and vector attraction
in biosolids
SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 1999
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASCE-CSCE National Conference on Environmental Engineering
CY JUL 25-28, 1999
CL NORFOLK, VA
SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Div Environm Engn, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Div Environm Engn, US EPA, URS Greiner Woodward Clyde, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Norfolk Branch, Hampton Roads Sanitat Dist, City Norfolk Dept Utilit, Environm Assessment Assoc, Int Eros Control Assoc, Natl Onsite Wastewater Recycling Assoc, SE Public Serv Authority, USN, Old Dominion Univ
AB EPA's guidance document, "Environmental Regulations and Technology: Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in Sewage Sludge" (so called White House Document) is under revision. Planned changes. additions, and clarifications relate to the following topics:
Additional information on pathogens in the environment
Intent and application of time and temperature requirements
Intent and application of Class B biosolids land application site access restrictions
Meeting vector attraction reduction requirements
Composting guidelines resting frequency and methodology
Role of the Pathogen Equivalency Committee (PEC)
Comments received in the more than six years since the 40CFR
Part 503 Regulation went into effect and from regulatory personnel as well as the regulated community and their consultants an being addressed.
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Smith, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA
BN 0-7844-0435-6
PY 1999
BP 388
EP 396
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA BP85T
UT WOS:000086435900041
ER
PT J
AU Whelan, G
McDonald, JP
Gnanapragasam, EK
Laniak, GF
Lew, CS
Mills, WB
Yu, C
AF Whelan, G
McDonald, JP
Gnanapragasam, EK
Laniak, GF
Lew, CS
Mills, WB
Yu, C
TI Benchmarking of the saturated-zone module associated with three risk
assessment models: RESRAD, MMSOILS, and MEPAS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE multimedia; modeling; benchmarking; risk; groundwater; saturated zone
AB A comprehensive benchmarking is being performed between three multimedia risk assessment models: RESRAD, MMSOILS, and MEPAS. Each multimedia model is comprised of a suite of modules (e.g., groundwater, air, surface water, exposure, and risk/hazard), all of which can impact the estimation of the human health risk. As a component of the comprehensive benchmarking exercise, the saturated-zone modules of each model were applied to an environmental release scenario, where uranium-234 was released from the waste site to a saturated zone. Uranium-234 time-varying emission rates exiting from the source and concentrations at three downgradient locations (0, 150, and 1500 m) are compared for each multimedia model. Time-varying concentrations for uranium-234 decay products (e.g., thorium-230, radium-226, and lead-210) at the 1500-m location are also presented. Different results reported for RESRAD, MMSOILS, and MEPAS are solely due to the assumptions and mathematical constructs inherently built into each model, thereby impacting the potential risks predicted by each model. Although many differences were identified between the models, differences that impacted these benchmarking results the most are as follows: (1) RESRAD transports its contaminants by pure translation, and MMSOILS and MEPAS solve the one-dimensional advective, three-dimensional dispersive equation. (2) Due to the manner in which the retardation factor is defined, RESRAD contaminant velocities will always be faster than MMSOILS or MEPAS for long-lived contaminants. (3) RESRAD uses a dilution factor to account for a withdrawal well; MMSOILS and MEPAS were designed to calculate in situ concentrations at a receptor location. (4) RESRAD allows for decay products to travel at different velocities, while MEPAS assumes the decay products travel at the same speed as their parents. MMSOILS does not account for decay products and assumes degradation/decay only in the aqueous phase.
C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
US EPA, Athens, GA 30613 USA.
Tetra Tech Inc, Lafayette, CA 95494 USA.
RP Whelan, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Batlelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM Gene.Whelan@pnl.gov
NR 10
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL
PI LARCHMONT
PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA
SN 1092-8758
J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI
JI Environ. Eng. Sci.
PY 1999
VL 16
IS 1
BP 67
EP 80
DI 10.1089/ees.1999.16.67
PG 14
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 157RV
UT WOS:000078076200006
ER
PT J
AU Whelan, G
McDonald, JP
Gnanapragasam, EK
Laniak, GF
Lew, CS
Mills, WB
Yu, C
AF Whelan, G
McDonald, JP
Gnanapragasam, EK
Laniak, GF
Lew, CS
Mills, WB
Yu, C
TI Benchmarking of the vadose-zone module associated with three risk
assessment models: RESRAD, MMSOILS, and MEPAS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE multimedia; modeling; benchmarking; risk; groundwater; vadose zone
AB This paper is one of a series of papers that reports the results of a benchmarking between three multimedia risk assessment models: RESRAD, MMSOILS, and MEPAS. Each multimedia model is comprised of a suite of modules (e.g., groundwater, air, surface water, exposure, and risk/hazard), all of which can impact the estimation of human health risk. As a component of the benchmarking exercise, the vadose-zone modules of each model were applied to an environmental release scenario, where uranium-238 was released from the waste site to a vadose zone with two layers. Time-varying emission rates, exiting the source and each of the layers, were compared. Different results are reported for RESRAD, MMSOILS, and MEPAS, which are solely due to the assumptions and mathematical constructs inherently built into each model, thereby impacting the potential risks predicted by each model; RESRAD transports its contaminants by pure translation (i.e., plug flow), and MMSOILS and MEPAS transport contaminants by solving the one-dimensional advective-dispersive equation. Because off the plug-flow assumption, RESRAD generally predicts higher emission rates (and, hence, concentrations). In addition, because of assumptions in the way each model calculates pore-water velocity, RESRAD travel times will always be shorter than MMSOILS, which will always be shorter than MEPAS. Shorter or longer travel times could have a profound impact for contaminants that exhibit significant degradation/decay.
C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
US EPA, Athens, GA 30613 USA.
Tetra Tech Inc, Lafayette, CA 95494 USA.
RP Whelan, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Bathelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
NR 18
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 4
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL
PI LARCHMONT
PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA
SN 1092-8758
J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI
JI Environ. Eng. Sci.
PY 1999
VL 16
IS 1
BP 81
EP 91
DI 10.1089/ees.1999.16.81
PG 11
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 157RV
UT WOS:000078076200007
ER
PT J
AU Birnbaum, LS
Slezak, BP
AF Birnbaum, LS
Slezak, BP
TI Dietary exposure to PCBs and dioxins in children
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; BODY BURDEN; HUMANS
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
RP Birnbaum, LS (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 20
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 107
IS 1
BP 1
EP 1
DI 10.2307/3434282
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 158ZU
UT WOS:000078148000010
PM 10068291
ER
PT B
AU Frick, WE
AF Frick, WE
BE Lee, JHW
Jayawardena, AW
Wang, ZY
TI Round plumes at plane surfaces
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HYDRAULICS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Symposium on Environmental Hydraulics
CY DEC 16-18, 1998
CL UNIV HONG KONG, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Hong Kong Inst Engn, Chinese Hydraul Engn Soc, Int Res & Training Ctr Eros & Sedimentat, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Amer Soc Civil Engn, Japan Soc Civil Engn, Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Croucher Fdn, K C Wong Educ Fdn, Hydraul Res Wallingford, Delft Hydraul, ATAL Engn Ltd, Penta Ocean Construct Ltd, Univ Hong Kong
HO UNIV HONG KONG, DEPT CIVIL ENGN
AB Plume models are widely used to support regulatory discharge permitting decisions and to help design outfalls. With thousands of projects worldwide, these models must be as accurate as possible. However, recent studies show that these models are subject to inaccuracies arising from the round plume assumption. For example, use of this assumption inadequately describes processes ranging from gravitational collapse to plume-surface interaction. In sharply-bending plumes, it also inadvertently introduces negative mass into the formulation. The onset of this condition is reported by EPA's PLUMES UM model (a statement that dilution is overestimated), but is not corrected. The round plume assumption can be modified to remove the negative mass anomaly, and to include the center-of-mass correction. Predictions strongly suggest the overlap condition is a criterion for plume lateral spreading. The successful modification reported here suggests the round plume assumption is viable for modeling behavior at unconstrained boundaries.
C1 US EPA, Div Environm Res, Athens, GA USA.
RP Frick, WE (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Res, Athens, GA USA.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS
PI LEIDEN
PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS
BN 90-5809-035-3
PY 1999
BP 237
EP 242
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical;
Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA BM27K
UT WOS:000078240600035
ER
PT J
AU Olsen, AR
Sedransk, J
Edwards, D
Gotway, CA
Liggett, W
Rathbun, S
Reckhow, KH
Young, LJ
AF Olsen, AR
Sedransk, J
Edwards, D
Gotway, CA
Liggett, W
Rathbun, S
Reckhow, KH
Young, LJ
TI Statistical issues for monitoring ecological and natural resources in
the United States
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE monitoring programs; statistical design; ecological monitoring; natural
resource monitoring; survey design
ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; PROGRAM; INFERENCES; SAMPLE; DESIGN
AB The United States funds a number of national monitoring programs to measure the status and trends of ecological and natural resources. Each of these programs has a unique focus; the scientific objectives are different as are the sample designs. However, individuals and committees, all well aware of the cost of ecological monitoring, have called for more effective monitoring programs. The objective of this paper is to summarize existing programs' statistical designs and discuss potential alternatives for improvement in national monitoring. Can we improve the current situation by providing an overall framework for the design or analysis of data from these disparate surveys? First, the paper summarizes the objectives of these surveys, compares and contrasts their survey designs as currently implemented, and determines what variables they collect. Through this process we identify commonalities and issues that impact our ability to combine information across one or more of the surveys. Three potential alternatives are presented, leading to comprehensive monitoring in the United States.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RP Olsen, AR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
EM tolsen@mail.cor.epa.gov
NR 92
TC 122
Z9 129
U1 2
U2 25
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 54
IS 1
BP 1
EP 45
DI 10.1023/A:1005823911258
PG 45
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 169KX
UT WOS:000078748100001
ER
PT J
AU Whitford, WG
Van Zee, J
Nash, MS
Smith, WE
Herrick, JE
AF Whitford, WG
Van Zee, J
Nash, MS
Smith, WE
Herrick, JE
TI Ants as indicators of exposure to environmental stressors in North
American desert grasslands
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE environmental stressors; exposure indicators
ID HARVESTER ANTS; BIODIVERSITY; HYMENOPTERA; COMPETITION; FORMICIDAE;
DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM; ECOLOGY
AB The relative abundance of ant species was measured by pit-fall trapping at 44 sites in southern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona, U.S.A.. Sites were selected for study based on documentation of a history of disturbance or protection from disturbance, exposure to varying intensities of livestock grazing, dominance by an exotic species of plant and vegetation change resulting from disturbance or restoration efforts. Ant community composition, relative abundances of species, and species richness were the same on disturbed and undisturbed sites. None of the metrics based on hypothesized responses of ants to disturbance clearly distinguished between disturbed and undisturbed sites. Ant communities on sites where restoration efforts have resulted in distinct differences in vegetative cover and composition were similar to the ant communities on degraded unrehabilitated sites on the same soil type. Ant communities in riparian cottonwood gallery forests in Arizona and New Mexico were similar but differed from the assemblages in exotic salt cedar and native ash riparian woodlands. Ant species exhibited remarkable resistance to human-induced disturbances in these rangeland areas. In grasslands dominated by the South African grass, Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees, large seed harvesting ants, Pogonomyrmex spp., were greatly reduced in abundance compared to native grasslands. Other ant metrics were not different in E. lehmanniana grasslands and native grasslands. We conclude that ants cannot be used as indicators of exposure to stress, ecosystem health or of rehabilitation success on rangeland ecosystems. Ants are also not useful indicators of faunal biodiversity in rangeland ecosystems.
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res lab, Characterizat Res Div, Las Vegas, NV 89196 USA.
RP Whitford, WG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res lab, Characterizat Res Div, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89196 USA.
NR 46
TC 54
Z9 55
U1 5
U2 31
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 54
IS 2
BP 143
EP 171
DI 10.1023/A:1005858918860
PG 29
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 169FR
UT WOS:000078737300003
ER
PT S
AU Bishop, RT
D'Angelo, JC
Collette, TW
AF Bishop, RT
D'Angelo, JC
Collette, TW
BE VoDinh, T
Spellicy, RL
TI Speciation of complex organic contaminants with Raman spectroscopy
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies
CY NOV 02-05, 1998
CL BOSTON, MA
SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers
DE Raman spectroscopy; environmental analysis; speciation; tautomers;
zwitterions
AB Raman spectroscopy was utilized to acquire resolved spectra of the neutral and zwitterion involved in the tautomeric solution equilibrium of 3-hydroxypyridine. As these species exist in varying proportion to one another at different temperatures, spectral measurements across a series of temperatures was required. Previously determined microequilibrium and enthalpy constants allowed the calculation of concentrations at all temperatures. This allowed for the deconvolution of component Raman spectra by multiple linear regression. The spectra are found to be similar, but contain significant structurally related differences, sufficient to distinguish one species from the other. To our knowledge, resolved Raman spectra of tautomers in water has not previously been reported.
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
RP Collette, TW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 0-8194-2995-3
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 1999
VL 3534
BP 63
EP 74
DI 10.1117/12.339051
PG 12
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments &
Instrumentation; Optics
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments &
Instrumentation; Optics
GA BM82B
UT WOS:000079845100007
ER
PT S
AU Rogers, KR
Apostol, A
Cembrano, J
AF Rogers, KR
Apostol, A
Cembrano, J
BE VoDinh, T
Spellicy, RL
TI Optical detection of DNA damage
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies
CY NOV 02-05, 1998
CL BOSTON, MA
SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers
DE oxidative DNA damage; 3-morpholinosydnonimine; nitric oxide; superoxide
ID NITRIC-OXIDE; SIMULTANEOUS GENERATION; ASSAY; SUPEROXIDE
AB A rapid and sensitive fluorescence assay for oxidative damage to calf thymus DNA is reported. A decrease in the transition temperature for strand separation resulted from exposure of the DNA to the reactive decomposition products of 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-I) (i.e., nitric oxide, superoxide, peroxynitrite, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals). A decrease in melting temperature of 12 degrees C was indicative of oxidative damage including single strand chain breaks. Double stranded (ds) and single stranded (ss) forms of DNA were determined using the indicator dyes ethidium bromide and PicoGreen. The change in DNA "melting" curves was dependant on the concentration of SIN-1 and was most pronounced at 75 degrees C. This chemically induced damage was significantly inhibited by sodium citrate, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris), and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), but was unaffected by superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, ethylenediamine tetraacietic acid (EDTA), or deferoxamine. Lowest observable effect level for SIN-1-induced damage was 200 mu M.
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
RP Rogers, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 0-8194-2995-3
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 1999
VL 3534
BP 100
EP 104
DI 10.1117/12.338987
PG 5
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments &
Instrumentation; Optics
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments &
Instrumentation; Optics
GA BM82B
UT WOS:000079845100011
ER
PT S
AU Rogers, KR
Wang, Y
Mulchandani, A
Mulchandani, P
Chen, W
AF Rogers, KR
Wang, Y
Mulchandani, A
Mulchandani, P
Chen, W
BE VoDinh, T
Spellicy, RL
TI Development of a versatile organophosphorus hydrolase-based assay for
organophosphate pesticides
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies
CY NOV 02-05, 1998
CL BOSTON, MA
SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers
DE organophosphorus hydrolase; phosphotriesterase; organophosphate
pesticides; enzyme assay
ID PSEUDOMONAS-DIMINUTA; PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; CHOLINESTERASE; DEGRADATION;
BIOSENSORS
AB We report a rapid and versatile organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH)-based method for measurement of organophosphate pesticides. This assay is based on a substrate-dependant change in pH near the active site of the enzyme. The pH change is monitored using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) which is covalently immobilized to the enzyme. This method employs FITC-labeled enzyme adsorbed to polymethylmethacrylate beads. Analytes were measured using a microbead fluorescence analyzer. The dynamic concentration range for the assay extends from 25 mu M to 400 mu M for paraoxon with a detection limit of 8 mu M. This assay compared favorably to an HPLC method for monitoring the concentration of coumaphos in bioremediation filtrate samples.
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
RP US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
EM rogers.kim@epamail.epa.gov
RI Mulchandani, Ashok/B-9692-2016
OI Mulchandani, Ashok/0000-0002-2831-4154
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 0-8194-2995-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 1999
VL 3534
BP 420
EP 428
DI 10.1117/12.339023
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments &
Instrumentation; Optics
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments &
Instrumentation; Optics
GA BM82B
UT WOS:000079845100045
ER
PT J
AU Calanni, J
Berg, E
Wood, M
Mangis, D
Boyce, R
Weathers, W
Sievering, H
AF Calanni, J
Berg, E
Wood, M
Mangis, D
Boyce, R
Weathers, W
Sievering, H
TI Atmospheric nitrogen deposition at a conifer forest: response of free
amino acids in Engelmann spruce needles
SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE arginine; free amino acids; nitrogen deposition; Engelmann spruce
ID NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PINE
PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; PICEA-ABIES; NORWAY SPRUCE; DOUGLAS-FIR; SEEDLINGS;
TREES; LEAVES; AMMONIUM
AB Recent increases of nitrogen (N) deposition to forest ecosystems have had a variety of effects on plant species including mineral imbalance, growth disturbance and the accumulation of foliar-free amino acids. The purpose of this study was to determine the existence and degree of correlation between variable atmospheric nitrogen deposition and the concentrations of foliar free amino acids in Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii). Needle samples were collected during July and August of 1996 from a site iri the Colorado Rocky Mountains that has large diurnal variations in atmospheric nitrogen deposition and receives approximately 4-8 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) total deposition. Amino acid concentrations were quantified with foliar % N also determined. Atmospheric nitrogen concentrations of gaseous HNO3 and NH3, as well as particulate NH4+ and NO3-, were determined simultaneously with needle sampling, and were subsequently converted to atmospheric N flux estimates. Foliar concentrations of arginine (July intensive) and glutamic acid (August intensive) in adult trees showed strong positive correlations with variations in atmospheric N flux, dominated by nitric acid, after a 4 +/- 2 h time delay. The results of this study support previous work that suggest that arginine may serve as an indicator of atmospheric N deposition. More importantly, however, this study has shown that foliar amino acid responses to atmospheric N flux (especially arginine) may occur after approximately a 4 +/- 2 h time delay. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Sci, Global Change & Environm Qual Program, Denver, CO 80217 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Global Change & Environm Qual Program, Denver, CO 80217 USA.
Univ Colorado, Ctr Environm Sci, Denver, CO 80217 USA.
US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
Univ Denver, Dept Biol, Denver, CO USA.
RP Sievering, H (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Sci, Global Change & Environm Qual Program, Campus Box 172,POB 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA.
EM hsieveri@carbon.cudenver.edu
NR 57
TC 23
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0269-7491
J9 ENVIRON POLLUT
JI Environ. Pollut.
PY 1999
VL 105
IS 1
BP 79
EP 89
DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00202-4
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 171KD
UT WOS:000078862000010
ER
PT J
AU Burgess, RM
McKinney, RA
AF Burgess, RM
McKinney, RA
TI Importance of interstitial, overlying water and whole sediment exposures
to bioaccumulation by marine bivalves
SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE bioavailability; marine sediments; bivalves; PCBs; bioaccumulation
ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; NEW-BEDFORD HARBOR; AMPHIPOD PONTOPOREIA-HOYI;
MYTILUS-EDULIS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; BIOAVAILABILITY;
CONTAMINANTS; MASSACHUSETTS; COLLOIDS; HYDROCARBONS
AB During the performance of contaminated sediment studies using nonpolar pollutants, like polyclorinated biphenyls (PCBs), with marine organisms, the routes of exposure can include whole sediment, overlying waters and interstitial waters (assuming no feeding). These routes can be further subdivided into particulate, colloidal and dissolved aquatic phases. Currently, the dissolved phase is believed to be the primary bioavailable exposure phase. In this investigation, two (i.e. interstitial water) and three phase (i.e. whole sediment) exposures were performed to determine the relative importance of each phase to the accumulation of PCBs from environmentally contaminated sediments. PCB concentrations in each exposure were separated into dissolved, colloidal and particulate phases, quantified and compared to concentrations accumulated by two exposed bivalve species: the filter-feeder Mulinia lateralis and the deposit-feeder Yoldia limatula. Identifying specific sources of bioavailable PCBs was hampered by the high level of correlation amongst all phases. However, differences between species were apparent, possibly reflecting bivalve-specific behavioral strategies. Also, overlying water contaminant distributions were often better correlated to organism accumulation than interstitial water dissolved phase contaminant distributions. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP Burgess, RM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
NR 37
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0269-7491
J9 ENVIRON POLLUT
JI Environ. Pollut.
PY 1999
VL 104
IS 3
BP 373
EP 382
DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00194-8
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 159MZ
UT WOS:000078178700006
ER
PT J
AU Entry, JA
Watrud, LS
Reeves, M
AF Entry, JA
Watrud, LS
Reeves, M
TI Accumulation of Cs-137 and Sr-90 from contaminated soil by three grass
species inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi
SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Cs-137; Sr-90; radionuclides; contaminated
ID CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT; RADIOACTIVE CESIUM; RADIOCESIUM; SEEDLINGS;
RADIONUCLIDES; PONDEROSA; INFECTION; INTENSITY; SEASON; ROOTS
AB The use of plants to accumulate low level radioactive waste from soil, followed by incineration of plant material to concentrate radionuclides may prove to be a viable and economical method of remediating contaminated areas. We tested the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on Cs-137 and Sr-90 uptake by bahia grass (Paspalum notatum), johnson grass (Sorghum halpense) and switchgrass (Panicum virginatum) for the effectiveness on three different contaminated soil types. Exposure to Cs-137 Or Sr-90 over the course of the experiment did not affect above ground biomass of the three grasses. The above ground biomass of bahia, johnson and switchgrass plants accumulated from 26.3 to 71.7% of the total amount of the Cs-137 and from 23.8 to 88.7% of the total amount of the Sr-90 added to the soil after three harvests. In each of the three grass species tested, plants inoculated with Glomus mosseae or Glomus intraradices had greater aboveground plant biomass, higher concentrations of Cs-137 or Sr-90 in plant tissue, % accumulation of Cs-137 or Sr-90 from soil and plant bioconcentration ratios at each harvest than those that did not receive mycorrhizal inoculation. Johnson grass had greater aboveground plant biomass, greater accumulation of Cs-137 or Sr-90 from soil and plant higher bioconcentration ratios with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi than bahia grass and switchgrass. The greatest accumulation of Cs-137 and Sr-90 was observed in johnson grass inoculated with G. mosseae. Grasses can grow in wide geographical ranges that include a broad variety of edaphic conditions. The highly efficient removal of these radionuclides by these grass species after inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae supports the concept that remediation of radionuclide contaminated soils using mycorrhizal plants may present a viable strategy to remediate and reclaim sites contaminated with radionuclides. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soil Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA.
US EPA, Terr Plant Ecol Branch, Environm Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Entry, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soil Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA.
EM jentry@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov
NR 45
TC 66
Z9 91
U1 2
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0269-7491
J9 ENVIRON POLLUT
JI Environ. Pollut.
PY 1999
VL 104
IS 3
BP 449
EP 457
DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00163-8
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 159MZ
UT WOS:000078178700016
ER
PT J
AU Holland, DM
Principe, PP
Vorburger, L
AF Holland, DM
Principe, PP
Vorburger, L
TI Rural ozone: Trends and exceedances at CASTNet sites
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID AIR-QUALITY
AB Emission reductions were mandated in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 with the expectation that they would result in major reductions in the concentrations of atmospherically transported pollutants. This paper uses generalized additive models to characterize the form and magnitude of changes in ground-level ozone concentrations (weekly average, daily maximum 1-h average, and daily maximum 8-h average) adjusted for concomitant meteorological conditions at 35 rural sites in the eastern United States from 1989 to 1995. At all sites and for all three measures, ozone concentrations declined over the period by about 5% (based on median percent change) for the two daily measures and about 7% for the weekly average. These declines were statistically significant (0.05 level) at 18, 17, and 21 sites (for the daily maximum 1-h, daily 8-h maximum, and weekly averages, respectively), and the median percent total change at these sites for all three measures was approximately -9%. All sites were evaluated with respect to the old and new National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone. Under the new standard (based on the daily maximum 8-h average), 23 sites would not have met the standard for at least one triennial evaluation period as compared to seven sites under the old standard (based on the daily maximum 1-h average).
C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Holland, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM holland.david@epamail.epa.gov
NR 17
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD JAN 1
PY 1999
VL 33
IS 1
BP 43
EP 48
DI 10.1021/es980604r
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 155NW
UT WOS:000077954100025
ER
PT J
AU Su, CM
Puls, RW
AF Su, CM
Puls, RW
TI Kinetics of trichloroethene reduction by zerovalent iron and tin:
Pretreatment effect, apparent activation energy, and intermediate
products
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ZERO-VALENT METALS; WATER; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; DEGRADATION; SYSTEM
AB The degradation of trichloroethene (TCE) at 2 mg L-1 in headspace free aqueous solution by zerovalent iron (Fe-0) and tin (Sn-0) was studied in batch tests at 10, 25, 40, and 55 degrees C and HCl-treated Fe-0 and Sn-0 at 25 and 55 degrees C. Surface area normalized pseudo-first-order rate constants (k(SA)) ranged from 0.44 x 10(-3) to 4.3 x 10(-3) h(-1) m(-2) L for Fisher Fe-0, 0.029 x 10(-3) to 0.27 x 10(-3) h(-1) m(-2) L for Peerless and Master Builders Fe-0, and 0.011 x 10(-3) to 1.31 x 10(-3) h(-1) m(-2) L for Fisher and Aldrich Sn-0. The Aldrich Fe-0 was the least reactive with k(SA) values ranging from 0.0016 x 10(-3) to 0.011 x 10(-3) h(-1) m(-2) L. The HCl-washing increased metal surface area and observed rate constant (k) values but generally decreased k(SA) values. The calculated apparent activation energy (E-a) using the Arrhenius law for the four temperature levels ranged from 32.2 to 39.4 kJ mol(-1) for the untreated Fe-0 metals and 40.5-76.8 kJ mol(-1) for the untreated Sn-0 metals. Greater temperature effect was observed for Sn-0 than for Fe-0. Our results indicate that TCE reduction by Fe-0 and Sn-0 is likely controlled primarily by chemical reaction-limited kinetics rather than by mass transport of the TCE to the metal surface. Both reductive beta-elimination reaction and hydrogenolysis reaction are likely involved in the reduction of TCE by both Fe-0 and Sn-0.
C1 Natl Res Council, Ada, OK 74820 USA.
US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA.
RP Su, CM (reprint author), Natl Res Council, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA.
EM su.chunming@epa.gov
NR 23
TC 175
Z9 191
U1 5
U2 37
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD JAN 1
PY 1999
VL 33
IS 1
BP 163
EP 168
DI 10.1021/es980481a
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 155NW
UT WOS:000077954100042
ER
PT B
AU Cox, LH
Guttorp, P
Sampson, PD
Caccia, DC
Thompson, ML
AF Cox, LH
Guttorp, P
Sampson, PD
Caccia, DC
Thompson, ML
BE Bock, GR
Goode, JA
TI A preliminary statistical examination of the effects of uncertainty and
variability on environmental regulatory criteria for ozone
SO ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS: ANALYSING DATA FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
SE NOVARTIS FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Evironmental Statistics: Analysing Data for Environmental
Policy
CY MAY 11-13, 1998
CL NOVARTIS FDN, LONDON, ENGLAND
HO NOVARTIS FDN
AB Basing the quantitative expression of environmental regulatory standards and associated compliance criteria on statistical principles has recently received attention in Europe, most visibly in a study by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. These issues are timely for consideration in the USA, where a recent periodic review, of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) has led to revision of the regulatory standards for ambient ozone and particulate matter. Salient statistical issues include accounting for errors of the first and second kind due to sampling and measurement error. These issues appear routine statistically and also may seem absent from regulations, but neither is necessarily the case. This paper is directed towards developing a methodology for examining the problem of dealing with uncertainty and variation in environmental regulations and compliance criteria. Our approach is illustrated through statistical analysis of the (old) 1 hour and the (new) 8 hour standards for ambient ozone, based on intensive monitoring in California's San Joaquin Valley during summer 1990 performed under the SARMAP Project. This paper presents preliminary findings based on quantifying measurement error or precision in terms of small-scale spatial and temporal variability, laying the groundwork for future work.
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab MD75, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ Washington, Natl Res Ctr Stat & Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Cox, LH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab MD75, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 12
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA BAFFINS LANE, CHICHESTER PO19 1UD, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND
BN 0-471-98540-6
J9 NOVART FDN SYMP
PY 1999
VL 220
BP 122
EP 143
PG 22
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Medicine, General &
Internal; Statistics & Probability
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; General & Internal Medicine;
Mathematics
GA BS51E
UT WOS:000170185500007
PM 10231828
ER
PT J
AU Susarla, S
Bhamidimarri, SMR
Bhaskar, GV
AF Susarla, S
Bhamidimarri, SMR
Bhaskar, GV
TI Adsorption and desorption characteristics of phenoxyacetic acids and
chlorophenols in volcanic soil: Single component fixed bed studies
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE chlorophenols; equilibrium sorption; dispersion; fixed beds;
phenoxyacetic acids; surface diffusion; volcanic soil
ID LOCAL EQUILIBRIUM ASSUMPTION; SORBING POROUS-MEDIA; MASS-TRANSFER;
SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MODELS; PESTICIDES; MOVEMENT; SORPTION; PREDICTION;
DIFFUSION
AB Widespread application of herbicides and pesticides in recent years resulted in environmental contamination of soils and groundwaters. In this paper, we examine the adsorption and desorption characteristics of three phenoxyacetic acids and three chlorophenols in a volcanic soil using fixed bed soil columns. A theoretical model incorporating sorption, dispersion, film transfer and surface diffusion in soils particles has been developed to predict the solute movement in fixed bed soil columns. The main feature of this model is that all the model parameters were obtained from independent experiments or from literature correlations. Experiments were carried out to examine the effect of concentration and flow rate on the breakthrough and elution of phenoxyacetic acids and chlorophenols from soil columns. The results indicated that increasing the initial concentration and now rate resulted in a faster breakthrough and elution of solutes. The order of breakthrough and elution for phenoxyacetic acids was: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) > 2-methyl, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) > 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and while for chlorophenols the order was: 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) >para-chloro-ortho-phenol (PCOC) > 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP). The results have also shown that the equilibrium sorption played a dominant role in the breakthrough and elution of these chemicals from soil columns. The results of numerical calculations using the model are compared with experimental results and in general, good agreement was obtained for all chemicals considered.
C1 Massey Univ, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
New Zealand Dairy Res Inst, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
RP Susarla, S (reprint author), Massey Univ, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
NR 32
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 5
PU SELPER LTD, PUBLICATIONS DIV
PI LONDON
PA 79 RUSTHALL AVENUE, LONDON, ENGLAND W4 1BN
SN 0959-3330
J9 ENVIRON TECHNOL
JI Environ. Technol.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 20
IS 1
BP 1
EP 9
DI 10.1080/09593332008616786
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 170PJ
UT WOS:000078814700001
ER
PT J
AU Barton, A
AF Barton, A
TI Multi-stakeholder Framework for Ecological Risk Management: Summary of a
SETAC technical workshop - Preface
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US EPA, Sci Adv Board, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Barton, A (reprint author), US EPA, Sci Adv Board, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 2
SU S
BP II
EP II
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 163TY
UT WOS:000078423000001
ER
PT J
AU Berry, WJ
Cantwell, MG
Edwards, PA
Serbst, JR
Hansen, DJ
AF Berry, WJ
Cantwell, MG
Edwards, PA
Serbst, JR
Hansen, DJ
TI Predicting toxicity of sediments spiked with silver
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Review
DE acid volatile sulfide; interstitial water; silver; sediments; toxicity
ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; CADMIUM; BIOAVAILABILITY; NORMALIZATIONS;
AMPHIPOD; METALS
AB Previous experiments conducted with freshwater sediments spiked with silver have shown that, when expressed on a dry weight basis, the toxicity of silver is sediment-specific and dependent on the form of silver added (e.g., AgNO3, Ag2S). This study was conducted to assess the usefulness of silver interstitial water toxic units (IWTU) and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) concentrations in predicting the biological effects of silver species across sediments, regardless of the species of silver present. Two saltwater sediments were spiked with a series of concentrations of silver. The amphipod, Ampelisca abdita, was then exposed to the sediments in ten-day toxicity tests. Amphipod mortality was sediment-specific when expressed on a dry weight basis, but not when based on IWTU or simultaneously extracted metal (SEM)-AVS. Sediments with an excess of AVS relative to SEM had IWTU <0.5, and were generally not toxic. Sediments with an excess of SEM relative to AVS had silver IWTU >0.5, but no measurable AVS, and were generally toxic. Sediments with measurable AVS were not toxic. Reanalysis of the previously published data from the freshwater sediments spiked with silver showed mortality to be correlated with nominal SEM-AVS and with silver IWTU. Taken together, these results support the use of AVS and silver IWTUs in predicting the toxicity of silver in sediments.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
EM berry.walter@epa.gov
NR 31
TC 30
Z9 35
U1 3
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0730-7268
EI 1552-8618
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 18
IS 1
BP 40
EP 48
DI 10.1002/etc.5620180106
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 151LW
UT WOS:000077722400006
ER
PT S
AU Folmar, LC
AF Folmar, LC
BE Henshel, DS
Black, MC
Harrass, MC
TI Assays for endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Beyond environmental
estrogens
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: STANDARDIZATION OF
BIOMARKERS FOR ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT: EIGHTH
VOLUME
SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical
Publications
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment:
Standardization of Biomarkers for Endocrine Disruption and Environmental
Assessment
CY APR 20-22, 1998
CL ATLANTA, GA
SP Comm E 47 Biol Effects & Environm Fate
DE endocrine-disrupting chemicals; hormones; reproduction; growth; fish;
invertebrates
ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; KRAFT PULP-MILL;
ALLIGATORS ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; FLOUNDER PLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS;
TELEOST OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; CROAKER MICROPOGONIAS-UNDULATUS;
THYROID-HORMONE DEIODINATION; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; PLASMA
VITELLOGENIN LEVELS
AB Recent popular and scientific articles have reported the presence of estrogenic and other hormone mimicking chemicals in the environment and their potential for causing reproductive dysfunction in humans and wildlife. The purpose of this session was to present the best available, if not standard, analytical methods to assay for the effects of xenobiotic chemicals on a broad range of endocrine-mediated events, including reproduction, growth, development and stress responses in aquatic vertebrate and invertebrate animals.
C1 US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
RP Folmar, LC (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
NR 268
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS
PI W CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA
SN 0066-0558
BN 0-8031-2618-2
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 1999
VL 1364
BP 59
EP 94
DI 10.1520/STP15798S
PG 36
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA BN98X
UT WOS:000083766000004
ER
PT S
AU McKenney, CL
AF McKenney, CL
BE Henshel, DS
Black, MC
Harrass, MC
TI Hormonal processes in decapod crustacean larvae as biomarkers of
endocrine disrupting chemicals in the marine environment
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: STANDARDIZATION OF
BIOMARKERS FOR ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT: EIGHTH
VOLUME
SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment:
Standardization of Biomarkers for Endocrine Disruption and Environmental
Assessment
CY APR 20-22, 1998
CL ATLANTA, GA
SP Comm E 47 Biol Effects & Environm Fate
DE crustacean larvae; crustacean metamorphosis; endocrinology; endocrine
disrupting chemicals; juvenile hormone analogs; energy metabolism
ID LOBSTER HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; INSECT GROWTH-REGULATOR; CRAB
RHITHROPANOPEUS-HARRISII; SHRIMP PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; METHYL FARNESOATE;
JUVENILE-HORMONE; MANDIBULAR ORGAN; HYPERGLYCEMIC HORMONE; INHIBITING
HORMONE; EYESTALK ABLATION
AB Knowledge of endocrine control of the complex larval developmental processes in insects (metamorphosis) has led to the introduction of insect hormones and their analogues as insecticides known as insect growth regulators (IGRs) with the largest group being juvenile hormone analogues (JHAs). Developmental and metabolic alterations in estuarine crustacean larvae induced by JHAs suggest that these compounds may be interfering with an endocrine system using JH-like compounds. These responses of crustacean larvae during the metamorphic process can be used in the development of biomarkers for the environmental impact of these types of compounds and other potential endocrine disrupting chemicals on estuarine biota.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
RP McKenney, CL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Island Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
NR 98
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS
PI W CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA
SN 1040-1695
BN 0-8031-2618-2
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 1999
VL 1364
BP 119
EP 135
DI 10.1520/STP15800S
PG 17
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA BN98X
UT WOS:000083766000006
ER
PT S
AU Adeshina, F
Kueberuwa, SS
AF Adeshina, F
Kueberuwa, SS
BE Henshel, DS
Black, MC
Harrass, MC
TI Endocrine disruption, organochlorine pesticides, and human development:
An overview
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: STANDARDIZATION OF
BIOMARKERS FOR ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT: EIGHTH
VOLUME
SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment:
Standardization of Biomarkers for Endocrine Disruption and Environmental
Assessment
CY APR 20-22, 1998
CL ATLANTA, GA
SP Comm E 47 Biol Effects & Environm Fate
DE organochlorine pesticides; endocrine disrupters; biomarkers; health
effects; children's risk
ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS PCB; BREAST-CANCER; REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT;
ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGENS; SEMEN QUALITY; INSECTICIDE CHLORDECONE;
NEURO-ENDOCRINE; SPERM COUNTS; FEMALE RATS; HUMAN-MILK
AB The current scientific knowledge suggests that numerous anthropogenic substances in the environment potentially disrupt the endocrine system in humans, thereby, causing severe deleterious effects. The mechanisms of action of these chemicals are presently not well understood. A model for the developmental effects of these substances is largely based on diethylstilbestrol, a potent synthetic estrogen, that is known to induce morphological and physiological changes in the reproductive tracts of both men and women. Since several organochlorine pesticides have been identified as estrogenic and/or anti-androgenic, it is imperative to reassess the existing developmental and reproductive toxicity databases of these chemicals. This paper provides a critical review of available toxicological data, and also identifies important research needs for the health risk assessment of pre- and post-natal exposures to endocrine-disrupting organochlorine pesticides.
C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Adeshina, F (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 97
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS
PI W CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA
SN 1040-1695
BN 0-8031-2618-2
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 1999
VL 1364
BP 271
EP 285
DI 10.1520/STP15808S
PG 15
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA BN98X
UT WOS:000083766000014
ER
PT S
AU Keller, AE
Ruessler, DS
Kernaghan, NJ
AF Keller, AE
Ruessler, DS
Kernaghan, NJ
BE Henshel, DS
Black, MC
Harrass, MC
TI Effect of test conditions on the toxicity of copper to juvenile unionid
mussels
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: STANDARDIZATION OF
BIOMARKERS FOR ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT: EIGHTH
VOLUME
SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment:
Standardization of Biomarkers for Endocrine Disruption and Environmental
Assessment
CY APR 20-22, 1998
CL ATLANTA, GA
SP Comm E 47 Biol Effects & Environm Fate
DE unionids; copper toxicity; test method
ID FRESH-WATER MUSSEL; DAPHNIA; METALS; MIDGE
AB During the past twnety years, unionid mussels have declined in both abundance and diversity throughout the eastern United States. As a result, there has been an increased call to evaluate the toxicity of various pollutants to unionids in an attempt to separate habitat-caused tosses from those precipitated by aquatic contaminants. Few toxicity data for unionids were available until recently because unionids are not easily cultured and no test method had been developed for these animals. Therefore, water quality criteria developed by the USEPA in the 1970s and 1980s were derived from data lacking any information on unionid mussel sensitivities.
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) has advocated the use of a 9-day toxicity test method its scientists developed in the late 1980s. This method, which requires the use of silt, an algal mixture for food and daily changes of water, is not only more labor intensive, it also introduces sources of variation with the use of silt and algae, as well as being substantially different from the standard 96-h fathead minnow or zooplankton tests. The evaluation of TVA's suggested test conditions (24 h darkness, 800 mg/L silt and algal food) indicated that the use of a 16L:8D light regime, with or without silt or algae did not result in a change in the toxicity of dissolved copper to juvenile Utterbackia imbecillis mussels compared to that recorded using TVA's test conditions.
C1 US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
RP Keller, AE (reprint author), US EPA, 980 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
NR 36
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS
PI W CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA
SN 1040-1695
BN 0-8031-2618-2
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 1999
VL 1364
BP 329
EP 340
DI 10.1520/STP15812S
PG 12
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA BN98X
UT WOS:000083766000018
ER
PT S
AU Smrchek, JC
Morcock, RE
AF Smrchek, JC
Morcock, RE
BE Henshel, DS
Black, MC
Harrass, MC
TI Harmonization of ecological effects test methods between the US EPA
(OPPTS) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD): Description, results and current activities
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: STANDARDIZATION OF
BIOMARKERS FOR ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT: EIGHTH
VOLUME
SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment:
Standardization of Biomarkers for Endocrine Disruption and Environmental
Assessment
CY APR 20-22, 1998
CL ATLANTA, GA
SP Comm E 47 Biol Effects & Environm Fate
DE harmonization; ecological effects test methods; TSCA; US EPA; OPPTS;
OECD; "850" guidelines
AB In 1990, the senior management of the US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs and Toxic Substances (now called the Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, or OPPTS) directed the two offices forming OPPTS to "harmonize" their human health, environmental/ecological effects, environmental fate, and physical chemistry testing methods into a single set of test guidelines. These two offices, the Office of Toxic Substances, now the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) and the Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP), assess risks posed by industrial chemicals and pesticides, respectively. Each office had developed separate testing guidance and methods. Under the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976, OPPT developed and published an extensive set of environmental effects test guidelines and technical support documents on testing requirements. In a similar manner, OPP published data requirements for registration of pesticides and developed Standard Evaluation Procedures (SEPs) to explain the procedures used to evaluate submitted ecological effects data. Harmonization of OPPT and OPP guidelines is advantageous because it avoids unnecessary testing, conserves resources, and avoids duplicative testing of chemicals being reviewed by more than one office. Also, there is better coordination of test reviews between each office and greater consistency in test interpretation. Harmonization results in increased guideline uniformity between offices, and a more efficient means of revising and updating the OPPTS guidelines. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) was similarly engaged in guideline development in the 1970s, and published a set of biotic effects test guidelines in 1981 (second addendum was published in 1984). EPA intends to harmonize OPPTS guidelines with those of the OECD to avoid unnecessary testing of chemicals in international commerce, increase efficiency in reviewing chemicals, use fewer test animals, and reduce nontariff trade barriers. Efforts to date by OPPTS have resulted in developing drafts of ecological effects test guidelines (the "850" harmonized guidelines). These were available as public drafts in 1996; the OPP Scientific Advisory Panel commented on them at that time. Currently the guidelines are being revised and will be available as part 850 in volume 40 of the US Code of Federal Regulations. Examples are discussed of how the harmonized test guideline process between OPPTS and OECD operates and the progress achieved to date. These include development of a revised OECD daphnid chronic test, a new harmonized fish early life stage test, a new OECD aquatic macrophyte toxicity test (Lemna [duckweed] growth inhibition test), and OECD activities in chironomid sediment testing and terrestrial plant toxicity testing. Important harmonization limitations, possible problems, challenges, and future activities are discussed.
C1 US EPA, Existing Chem Assessment Branch, Risk Assessment Div, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox,Off Prevent Pesticides &, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Smrchek, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Existing Chem Assessment Branch, Risk Assessment Div, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox,Off Prevent Pesticides &, 401 M St SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 25
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS
PI W CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA
SN 1040-1695
BN 0-8031-2618-2
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 1999
VL 1364
BP 473
EP 490
DI 10.1520/STP15823S
PG 18
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA BN98X
UT WOS:000083766000029
ER
PT J
AU Gold, DR
Damokosh, AI
Pope, CA
Dockery, DW
McDonnell, WF
Serrano, P
Retama, A
Castillejos, M
AF Gold, DR
Damokosh, AI
Pope, CA
Dockery, DW
McDonnell, WF
Serrano, P
Retama, A
Castillejos, M
TI Particulate and ozone pollutant effects on the respiratory function of
children in southwest Mexico City
SO EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE air pollution; ozone; particulate pollution; pulmonary function;
children (pediatrics)
ID PULMONARY-FUNCTION; AIR-POLLUTION; PM10 POLLUTION; AMBIENT OZONE;
HEALTH; SCHOOLCHILDREN; EPISODES; SYMPTOMS
AB We assessed the contributions of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 2.5 mu m (PM2.5 and PM10) and ozone (O-3) to peak expiratory flow (PEF) and respiratory symptoms in 40 schoolchildren 8-11 years of age for 59 days during three periods in 1991 at a school in southwest Mexico City. We measured peak expiratory flow in the morning on the children's arrival at school and in the afternoon before their departure from school. Separately for morning and afternoon, we normalized each child's daily measurement of peak flow by subtracting his or her mean peak flow from the daily measurement. Child-specific deviations were averaged to obtain a morning and afternoon mean deviation (Delta PEF) for each day. Mean 24-hour O-3 level was 52 parts per billion (ppb; maximum 103 ppb); mean 24-hour PM2.5 and PM10 were 30 mu g/m(3) (maximum 69 mu g/m(3)) and 49 mu g/m(3) (maximum 81 mu g/m(3)), respectively. We adjusted moving average and polynomial distributed lag multiple regression analyses of Delta PEF us pollution for minimum daily temperature, trend, and season. We examined effects of PM2.5, PM10, and O-3, on Delta PEF separately and in joint models. The models indicated a role for both particles and O-3 in the reduction of peak expiratory flow, with shorter lags between exposure and reduction in peak expiratory flow for O-3 than for particle exposure (0-4 vs 4-7 days). The joint effect of 7 days of exposure to the interquartile range of PM2.5 (17 mu g/m(3)) and O-3 (25 ppb) predicted a 7.1% (95% confidence interval = 11.0-3.9) reduction in morning peak expiratory flow. Pollutant exposure also predicted higher rates of phlegm; colinearity between pollutants limited the potential to distinguish the relative contribution of individual pollutants. In an area with chronically high ambient O-3 levels, school children responded with reduced lung function to both O-3 and particulate exposures within the previous 1 to 2 weeks.
C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
Harvard Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Environm Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
Brigham Young Univ, Dept Econ, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Econ Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
RP Gold, DR (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
NR 23
TC 84
Z9 88
U1 6
U2 21
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 1044-3983
J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY
JI Epidemiology
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 10
IS 1
BP 8
EP 16
DI 10.1097/00001648-199901000-00004
PG 9
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 151HR
UT WOS:000077715100004
PM 9888274
ER
PT J
AU Schwartz, J
Levin, R
AF Schwartz, J
Levin, R
TI Drinking water turbidity and health
SO EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; OUTBREAK; MILWAUKEE; GIARDIA;
FILTRATION; SUPPLIES
C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Environm Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
US EPA, Boston, MA USA.
RP Schwartz, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Environm Epidemiol Program, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
NR 33
TC 19
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 7
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 1044-3983
J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY
JI Epidemiology
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 10
IS 1
BP 86
EP 90
DI 10.1097/00001648-199901000-00017
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 151HR
UT WOS:000077715100017
PM 9888287
ER
PT J
AU Rogers, KR
Becker, JY
Wang, J
Lu, F
AF Rogers, KR
Becker, JY
Wang, J
Lu, F
TI Determination of phenols in environmentally relevant matrices with the
use of liquid chromatography with an enzyme electrode detector
SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE leachate; HPLC; tyrosinase; phenols; biosensor
AB A simple and rapid assay using HPLC with a tyrosinase-containing carbon paste electrode (Tyr-CPE) detector is demonstrated for the detection of phenol, p-cresol, p-methoxyphenol, and p-chlorophenol in environmental matrices. These compounds were measured in contaminated aqueous soil leachate samples or acetone/acetonitrile extracts of soil and sludge samples. The dynamic range for this assay was 2-30 ppm for phenol and p-cresol, In addition to analysis by the Tyr-CPE detector held at a reducing potential (-0.20 V), soil leachate and extracts were analyzed with the use of a carbon paste electrode (CPE) detector at oxidizing potentials (+1.0 V or +1.2 V), Compared to the CPE, the Tyr-CPE detector was very stable, showing a signal loss of only 28% over 24 h of continuous operation. In addition, the signal from the CPE degraded rapidly by 65% over 10 sequential injections, whereas the signal of the Tyr-CPE decreased by only 5% for the same number of sequential injections. Because of the minimal sample preparation for analysis of soil leachate samples, the herein-reported chromatographic system with biosensor detector could be further developed to complement portable tyrosinase enzyme electrode biosensors that detect total phenols in field settings. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA.
New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
RP Rogers, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA.
RI Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011
NR 9
TC 32
Z9 34
U1 2
U2 7
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 1086-900X
J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH
JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol.
PY 1999
VL 3
IS 3
BP 161
EP 169
DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:3<161::AID-FACT3>3.0.CO;2-X
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments &
Instrumentation
SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments &
Instrumentation
GA 210GL
UT WOS:000081096700003
ER
PT J
AU Mukerjee, S
Shadwick, DS
Bowser, JJ
Carmichael, LY
AF Mukerjee, S
Shadwick, DS
Bowser, JJ
Carmichael, LY
TI Application of a dual fine particle sequential sampler, a tapered
element oscillating microbalance, and other air monitoring methods to
assess transboundary influences of PM2.5
SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE dual fine particle sequential sampler (DFPSS); PM2.5; tapered element
oscillating microbalance (TEOM); transboundary air pollution; wind
sector analysis
ID DICHOTOMOUS SAMPLER; PARTICULATE; QUALITY; AEROSOL; CARBON; MEXICO
AB Transboundary influences of particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) have been investigated in a U.S.-Mexican border region with the use of a dual fine particle sequential sampler (DFPSS) and a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM(R)). Daily measurements of PM2.5 were conducted with the DFPSS. Short-term variations in the concentration of PM2.5 were measured and analyzed on site with the use of a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM(R)) to assess episodic emissions that may have crossed the border. Fine particle carbon measurements, taken with a dichotomous sampler, and meteorological measurements were also performed. Ambient monitoring with these sampling methods was conducted for 1 year at three fixed sites very close to the border of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Elemental tracer analyses and wind sector analyses were performed to assess transboundary influences, Ad hoc sampler comparisons were also presented. Presentation of advantages and limitations of sampling methods in this study can help establish a baseline for assessing future air quality conditions of a transboundary nature in the Valley. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
QST Environm, Durham, NC 27713 USA.
RP Mukerjee, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 32
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 1086-900X
J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH
JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol.
PY 1999
VL 3
IS 3
BP 201
EP 217
DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:3<201::AID-FACT8>3.0.CO;2-Z
PG 17
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments &
Instrumentation
SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments &
Instrumentation
GA 210GL
UT WOS:000081096700008
ER
PT J
AU Ahmad, S
Kitchin, KT
Cullen, WR
AF Ahmad, S
Kitchin, KT
Cullen, WR
TI Arsenic species cause release of iron from ferritin generating activated
oxygen.
SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0891-5849
J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED
JI Free Radic. Biol. Med.
PY 1999
VL 27
SU 1
MA 13
BP S18
EP S18
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 254EL
UT WOS:000083598900038
ER
PT J
AU Cash, GG
AF Cash, GG
TI Double-toroid, almost-polyhex fullerenes
SO FULLERENE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERIODIC MINIMAL-SURFACES; NEGATIVE-CURVATURE; 4-MEMBERED RINGS;
GRAPHITIC CARBON; CURVED GRAPHITE; KEKULE; STABILITY; ISOMERS; TUBULES;
FORMS
AB This study presents examples of double-toroid fullerenes comprised entirely of hexagonal faces except as required by Euler's polyhedron closure rule. Kekule structure counts give a rough idea of stability of these structures relative to each other and to other types of fullerenes with the same carbon number (C-120). Electronic constraints demanded by the various atomic arrangements are discussed, along with possible applications.
C1 US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Risk Assessment Div 7403, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Cash, GG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Risk Assessment Div 7403, 401 M St SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 32
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA
SN 1064-122X
J9 FULLERENE SCI TECHN
JI Fullerene Sci. Technol.
PY 1999
VL 7
IS 2
BP 147
EP 158
DI 10.1080/10641229909350276
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics
GA 182AP
UT WOS:000079476600003
ER
PT J
AU Cash, GG
AF Cash, GG
TI An alternative structure for C-576
SO FULLERENE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NEGATIVE-CURVATURE; 4-MEMBERED RINGS; CARBON CAGES; FULLERENES; TUBULES;
NANOTUBES; KEKULE
AB Carbon nanotubes with rollup vector indices equal, i. e., (n,n) nanotubes, are calculated to be metallic electrical conductors. Several years ago, a toroidal fullerene structure, C-576, was proposed and suggested to possess a small bandgap on the basis of its having approximately half of its atoms arranged as in a (4,4) nanotube. A more recent calculation determined that this structure has a very large anisotropic ring-current diamagnetic susceptibility and is therefore likely to be a good electrical conductor. The present work proposes an alternative structure for C576 which is constructed entirely from six copies of a C-96 fragment of a (4,4) nanotube.
C1 US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Cash, GG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Risk Assessment Div, 7403,401 M St SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 28
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA
SN 1064-122X
J9 FULLERENE SCI TECHN
JI Fullerene Sci. Technol.
PY 1999
VL 7
IS 5
BP 733
EP 741
DI 10.1080/10641229909351374
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics
GA 229ZX
UT WOS:000082227300003
ER
PT B
AU McLean, B
AF McLean, B
BE Hacker, J
Pelchen, A
TI US experience with tradeable SO2 allowances
SO GOALS AND ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS FOR THE ACHIEVEMENT OF GLOBAL WARMING
MITIGATION IN EUROPE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT EU Advanced Study Course on Goals and Economic Instruments for the
Achievement of Global Warming Mitigation in Europe
CY JUL, 1997
CL TECH UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY
SP European Commiss, DG XII/D Environm & Climate RTD Programme
HO TECH UNIV BERLIN
C1 US EPA, Acis Rain Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 0-7923-5337-4
PY 1999
BP 295
EP +
PG 14
WC Environmental Studies; International Relations; Planning & Development
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations; Public
Administration
GA BN41Z
UT WOS:000081882100020
ER
PT J
AU Fiorino, DJ
AF Fiorino, DJ
TI Rethinking environmental regulation: Perspectives on law and governance
SO HARVARD ENVIRONMENTAL LAW REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID REFORM
C1 US EPA, Emerging Strategies Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Fiorino, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Emerging Strategies Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 75
TC 47
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 3
PU HARVARD LAW SCHOOL
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA PUBLICATIONS CTR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA
SN 0147-8257
J9 HARVARD ENVIRON LAW
JI Harv. Environ. Law Rev.
PY 1999
VL 23
IS 2
BP 441
EP 469
PG 29
WC Environmental Studies; Law
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law
GA 213RM
UT WOS:000081287100006
ER
PT J
AU Gilbert, ME
Mack, CM
AF Gilbert, ME
Mack, CM
TI Field potential recordings in dentate gyrus of anesthetized rats:
Stability of baseline
SO HIPPOCAMPUS
LA English
DT Article
DE dentate gyrus; long-term potentiation; LTP; hippocampus; rat; urethane;
pentobarbital; field potentials
ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; PRIMED BURST POTENTIATION; URETHANE ANESTHESIA;
PHYSIOPHARMACOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS; PERFORANT PATH; HIPPOCAMPAL;
TEMPERATURE; SUITABILITY; DEPRESSION; PARAMETERS
AB Urethane is a standard anesthetic utilized for in vivo recordings in the hippocampus. In studies of long-term potentiation (LTP), the measure of interest is the response amplitude minutes to hours following train delivery. In the absence of experimental treatment, we have consistently observed upward drift in the amplitude of the population spike (PS) and EPSP slope of the dentate gyrus (DG) evoked field response in acute surgical preparations performed in the urethanized rat. The present study systematically monitored PS amplitude and EPSP slope in the DG every 30 minutes for 6 hours following optimal positioning of Teflon-coated bipolar stainless steel electrodes under urethane anesthesia. At maximal stimulus intensities, large time-dependent increases in PS amplitude (70-80%) were observed over the first 2-4 hours, an effect that was exaggerated at lower stimulus intensities. Increases in the EPSP slope were smaller in magnitude (20-30%) and stabilized within a shorter period of time (1-2 hours). Animals were warmed on a heating pad and body and brain temperature remained constant over the recording session. Reducing stimulating electrode size and recording with glass micropipettes did not alleviate the upward drift in response amplitude. Similar increases were also seen under pentobarbital anesthesia. To dissociate anesthetic from surgical effects, recordings were obtained from animals previously prepared with indwelling electrodes and injected with urethane. Although slight declines (10-15%) in EPSP slope occurred over time, no significant alterations in PS amplitude were seen in the chronic preparation at high stimulus intensities. Low stimulus intensities yielded a more variable response pattern and, in direct contrast to the acute preparation, time-dependent declines, not increases, were noted in both parameters. These data suggest that generalized surgical trauma contributes to the upward drift in response amplitude and indicate that long stabilization periods are required in acute surgical preparations for accurate field potential recordings. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol Md74B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
US EPA, Natl Res Council, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
RP Gilbert, ME (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol Md74B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-06253]
NR 32
TC 23
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 2
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 1050-9631
J9 HIPPOCAMPUS
JI Hippocampus
PY 1999
VL 9
IS 3
BP 277
EP 287
DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1063(1999)9:3<277::AID-HIPO7>3.0.CO;2-H
PG 11
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 211XH
UT WOS:000081186800007
PM 10401642
ER
PT J
AU McKinney, RA
Lake, JL
Allen, M
Ryba, S
AF McKinney, RA
Lake, JL
Allen, M
Ryba, S
TI Spatial variability in Mussels used to assess base level nitrogen
isotope ratio in freshwater ecosystems
SO HYDROBIOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE nitrogen isotope ratio; freshwater mussels; trophic level
ID COASTAL FOOD-WEB; STABLE-ISOTOPE; CONTAMINANT BIOACCUMULATION; TROPHIC
STRUCTURE; ARCTIC LAKE; CARBON; INDICATORS; PLANKTON; DYNAMICS; NITRATE
AB Freshwater mussels have been used to establish base level nitrogen isotope ratio values (delta(15)N) used in trophic position and food web studies in freshwater ecosystems. In this study, we assess the variability introduced when using unionid mussels in this manner by investigating the spatial variation in delta(15)N values in mussels from different locations in shallow freshwater ponds, and also differences in delta(15)N in different tissue types in the mussels. Results from the analysis of adductor, foot and a section of the mantle tissues from mussels across all ponds showed that adductor tissue was consistently enriched by about 1 parts per thousand versus the mantle and foot. The foot showed the least variability which, coupled with ease in obtaining consistent samples, led us to select this tissue type for subsequent analysis. The six ponds included in the study had average mussel delta(15)N values ranging from 4.9 parts per thousand to 11.9 parts per thousand. Four of the six ponds showed no significant within pond differences between delta(15)N values from mussels collected at different sampling sites. The range of mussel delta(15)N values obtained from within ponds showed that using data from a single mussel to assess baseline delta(15)N values would result in the introduction of a maximum error of 0.56 of a trophic level to subsequent trophic position calculations.
C1 US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP McKinney, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
NR 28
TC 25
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 10
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0018-8158
J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA
JI Hydrobiologia
PY 1999
VL 412
BP 17
EP 24
DI 10.1023/A:1003887913402
PG 8
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 275NW
UT WOS:000084827100003
ER
PT J
AU Ghio, AJ
Stonehuerner, J
Dailey, LA
Carter, JD
AF Ghio, AJ
Stonehuerner, J
Dailey, LA
Carter, JD
TI Metals associated with both the water-soluble and insoluble fractions of
an ambient air pollution particle catalyze an oxidative stress
SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID IN-VIVO; PARTICULATE MATTER; LUNG INJURY; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; CHILDREN
AB One potential mechanism of injury mediated by air pollution particles is through metal-catalyzed oxidant generation. In one emission source particle, soluble metals have been associated with biological effect and toxicity. However, a majority of metals in ambient air pollution particles can be associated with insoluble components. We tested the hypothesis that concentrations of catalytically active metal in ambient air pollution particles are not equivalent to the concentrations of water-soluble metal. Twelve filters collected from the North Prove, UT, monitoring station were agitated in deionized water. Both the aqueous extract and pellet were isolated, lyophilized, and defined as the water-soluble and insoluble fractions, respectively. The fractions were chemically characterized and ionizable concentrations of metals were measured using inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. While the water-soluble fraction had significantly greater concentrations of ionizable metals per unit mass, the insoluble fraction also had measurable quantities. In vitro oxidant generation by the two fractions, measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive-products of deoxyribose, corresponded to the concentrations of ionizable rather than total metals. The release of interleukin-8 by cultured respiratory epithelial cells after incubation with the two fractions also coincided with the ionizable metal concentrations. Finally, neutrophil influx and lavage protein levels 24 h after instillation of the two fractions in rats reflected the ionizable metal concentrations, in vitro oxidative stress, and mediator release. We conclude that catalytically active metals can be measured in both the soluble and insoluble fractions of an ambient air pollution particle. These metals corresponded to the biological activity of the two fractions. While in greater concentration in the water-soluble fraction, larger total quantities of catalytically and biologically active metals are likely to be associated with the insoluble fraction as a result of the abundance of the latter.
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, HSD, CRB, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, HSD, CRB, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
NR 23
TC 125
Z9 130
U1 0
U2 13
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0895-8378
J9 INHAL TOXICOL
JI Inhal. Toxicol.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 11
IS 1
BP 37
EP 49
DI 10.1080/089583799197258
PG 13
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 159KF
UT WOS:000078170900003
PM 10380158
ER
PT J
AU Susarla, S
Bacchus, ST
Wolfe, NL
McCutcheon, SC
AF Susarla, Sridhar
Bacchus, Sydney T.
Wolfe, N. L.
McCutcheon, Steven C.
TI Phytotransformation of Perchlorate and Identification of Metabolic
Products in Myriophyllum aquaticum
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Myriophyllum aquaticum; parrot-feather; perchlorate;
phytotransformation; phytoremediation
AB The uptake and transformation of perchlorate in the presence of Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot-feather) were examined in sand and aqueous treatments with concentrations between 0.2 to 20 ppm. Controls were included without plants to confirm the uptake of perchlorate by parrot-feather. The kinetic data followed a first-order reaction mechanism with rate constants ranging from 0.004 to 0.090, resulting in half-lives between 7 to 173 days. Uptake rates were five times higher in aqueous treatments than in sand treatments. The intermediates detected in the plant tissue suggest that perchlorate transformed in a step-wise fashion to form chloride. Accumulation of perchlorate in the plant tissues (1.2 g/kg) suggests that parrot-feather has a high capacity for accumulating this contaminant.
C1 [Susarla, Sridhar; Bacchus, Sydney T.; Wolfe, N. L.; McCutcheon, Steven C.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
US EPA, NERL, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
RP Susarla, S (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
EM susarla.sridhar@epa.gov
FU United States Air Force Aeronautical Systems Center Environmental
management Directorate Restoration Division at Wright-Patterson Air
Force Base, Dayton, Ohio
FX This research was funded in part by the United States Air Force
Aeronautical Systems Center Environmental management Directorate
Restoration Division at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio.
Gregory J. Harvey, Program Manager.
NR 11
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1522-6514
EI 1549-7879
J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT
JI Int. J. Phytoremediat.
PY 1999
VL 1
IS 1
BP 97
EP 107
DI 10.1080/15226519908500007
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA V33JJ
UT WOS:000209014800007
ER
PT J
AU Nzengung, VA
Wolfe, LN
Rennels, DE
McCutcheon, SC
Wang, CH
AF Nzengung, Valentine A.
Wolfe, Lee N.
Rennels, Darrell E.
McCutcheon, Steven C.
Wang, Chuhua
TI Use of Aquatic Plants and Algae for Decontamination of Waters Polluted
with Chlorinated Alkanes
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE algae; aquatic plants; assimilation; chlorinated alkanes;
decontamination; metabolize; phytotransformation; phytoremediation;
polluted; sequester
AB The transformation of carbon tetrachloride (CT) and hexachloroethane (HCA) by aquatic plants and freshwater algae was investigated. Stressed, axenic, and physiologically healthy freshwater plants all transformed the two chlorinated alkanes, yielding similar breakdown products. Experiments conducted with dead plants were used to indirectly test the hypothesis that dead aquatic plants maintain and possibly contribute to the dehalogenase activity observed in organic-rich sediments. After exposure of the aquatic plants and algae to HCA- and CT-dosed solutions, a rapid sorption (or sequestration) step followed by a slow transformation lasting several hours thereafter was observed. The kinetics data were adequately described by two first-order rate equations; pseudo-first-order sorption rate coefficients were calculated for the initial rapid adsorption and transformation steps. The identified metabolites extracted from plants indicated that more than one pathway, possibly requiring different reactants, mediated the phytotransformation reactions. Mass balance estimations confirmed that >80% of the parent chemical was sequestered, transformed, and/or assimilated by the biomass. The metabolic activity observed with dead plants and algae suggests that photoautotrophs maintain this activity at death, and the active agents could become bound to the sediment-organic matrix as plants die, decay, and are buried in sediment. The results of this study suggest the potential usefulness of aquatic plants and freshwater algae in the removal of chlorinated alkanes from water and remediation of aquatic environments.
C1 [Nzengung, Valentine A.; Wang, Chuhua] Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Wolfe, Lee N.; Rennels, Darrell E.; McCutcheon, Steven C.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
RP Nzengung, VA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM vnzengun@arches.uga.edu
FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP)
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge useful discussions and comments by
Drs. Peter M. Jeffers (Chemistry Dept. SUNY), Wayne Garrison
(USEPA/NERL, Athens) and Neeraj Datta (UGA, Athens). We also acknowledge
the technical support of Dr. Chuhua Wang (Department of Geology, UGA),
Drs. Mark Cippillone, and T. Y. Ou and Chemists from USEPA, Region IV.
This work was funded, in part, by a grant from the Strategic
Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). Registry No.
1,1,2-TCA, 79-00-5; HCA, 67-72-1; 1,1,1,2-TCA, 630-20-6; CT, 56-23-5.
NR 27
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1522-6514
EI 1549-7879
J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT
JI Int. J. Phytoremediat.
PY 1999
VL 1
IS 3
BP 203
EP 226
DI 10.1080/15226519908500016
PG 24
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA V33JL
UT WOS:000209015000001
ER
PT J
AU Ferro, AM
Rock, SA
Kennedy, J
Herrick, JJ
Turner, DL
AF Ferro, Ari M.
Rock, Steven A.
Kennedy, Jean
Herrick, James J.
Turner, David L.
TI Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Wood Preservatives:
Greenhouse and Field Evaluations
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE phytoremediation; pentachlorophenol; polyaromatic hydrocarbons;
bioremediation; wood preservatives
AB Phytoremediation was evaluated as a potential treatment for the creosote-contaminated surface soil at the McCormick and Baxter (M&B) Superfund Site in Portland, Oregon. Soil at the M&B site is contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Eight individual PAH compounds (containing four to six aromatic rings) were included in the investigation. Greenhouse and field studies were carried out using perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). The following three treatments were compared in both studies: T1 = planted-amended soil; T2 = unplanted-amended soil; and T3 = unplanted-unamended soil. The amendments were mineral nutrients and dolomite, which was used to raise the acidic pH of the soil. Contaminant concentrations in the soil were measured initially and at regular intervals for several months. In the greenhouse study, the concentrations of certain contaminants decreased as a function of time. Thus, PCP, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, and benzo(k)fluoranthene appeared to undergo biodegradation in all of the treatments. On the other hand, certain larger molecular weight PAHs were relatively recalcitrant. These "recalcitrant PAHs" included benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(a) pyrene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene. Statistical methods were used to compare the concentrations of the more easily biodegraded contaminants in treatments T1, T2, and T3. The statistical analysis was facilitated by normalizing the contaminant concentrations relative to the sum of the recalcitrant PAHs in the same sample. Thus, ratios were created that could be compared directly to benchmark values indicative of the contaminant at the beginning of the study. In the greenhouse study, statistically significant differences between T1 and T2, across all treatment times, were obtained for fluoranthene, pyrene, and chrysene (p <= 0.05), suggesting enhanced rhizosphere biodegradation for these compounds. Significant differences between T2 and T3 were obtained for pyrene (p <= 0.03), indicating that nutrients stimulated the biodegradation of this contaminant. Although the greenhouse study was carried out with a well-mixed soil sample from the M&B site, an extremely uneven distribution of contaminants was encountered in the field study. The resulting scatter in the field data made comparisons difficult, and treatment-specific effects observed in the greenhouse study were not statistically significant in the field study. However, analysis of the normalized data from the field revealed the same time-dependent decreases in contaminant concentration as observed in the greenhouse study.
C1 [Ferro, Ari M.; Kennedy, Jean; Herrick, James J.] Phytokinetics Inc, N Logan, UT 84341 USA.
[Rock, Steven A.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
[Turner, David L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA.
RP Ferro, AM (reprint author), Phytokinetics Inc, 1770 North Res Pk Way, N Logan, UT 84341 USA.
EM ariferro@phytokinetics.com
FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Superfund Innovative Technology
Evaluation (SITE) Emerging Technology Program [CR 824129-01-0]
FX This study was conducted through a Cooperative Agreement with the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Superfund Innovative Technology
Evaluation (SITE) Emerging Technology Program (assistance identification
number CR 824129-01-0). We thank Dr. Evelyn Drake (Exxon Research and
Engineering Company) for helpful discussions regarding the use of
internal chemical indicators for the analysis of the data. We also thank
Kevin Jensen (USDA, Agricultural Research Service), Darwin Sorensen, and
Don Sisson (Utah State University) for their suggestions in the
development of experimental design for the outdoor study. Derek Knight
provided capable technical assistance.
NR 50
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1522-6514
EI 1549-7879
J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT
JI Int. J. Phytoremediat.
PY 1999
VL 1
IS 3
BP 289
EP 306
DI 10.1080/15226519908500021
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA V33JL
UT WOS:000209015000006
ER
PT J
AU Shaw, SE
Regil, S
AF Shaw, SE
Regil, S
TI US regulations on residual disinfection
SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER
AB Most community water systems in the United States disinfect their water. However, only surface water systems are currently required to provide a disinfectant residual in the distribution system. This article reviews existing regulations, including the surface Water Treatment Rule and the Total Coliform Rule, for maintaining a disinfectant residual and outlines their requirements. It also discusses forthcoming and long-term regulations and how they may affect water treatment and distribution system water quality, operations, and maintenance.
C1 US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Shaw, SE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, 401 M St SW,Mail Code 4607, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 19
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC
PI DENVER
PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA
SN 0003-150X
J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS
JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 91
IS 1
BP 75
EP 80
PG 6
WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA 159YP
UT WOS:000078203500020
ER
PT J
AU Tryby, ME
Boccelli, DL
Koechling, MT
Uber, JG
Summers, RS
Rossman, LA
AF Tryby, ME
Boccelli, DL
Koechling, MT
Uber, JG
Summers, RS
Rossman, LA
TI Booster chlorination for managing disinfectant residuals
SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
AB Booster chlorination is an approach to residual maintenance in which chlorine is applied at strategic locations within the distribution system. Situations in which booster chlorination may be most effective for maintaining a residual are explained informally in the context of a conceptual distribution system. To form the basis of a quantitative analysis of booster chlorination, experiments simulated chlorine decay under booster conditions. These experiments suggested a conceptual model for bulk chlorine decay, which is used to analyze an example representing a header pipe serving two distinct zones in a distribution system. The chlorine mass savings associated with booster chlorination in this example are derived and used to show the influence of flow rates, residence times, and decay kinetics on the effectiveness of booster chlorination. The role of booster chlorination is also discussed as part of coordinated treatment efforts meant to manage the risks associated with biological regrowth and disinfection by-products.
C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Civil & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Tryby, ME (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 741 Baldwin Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
RI uber, james/E-7189-2010
NR 8
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC
PI DENVER
PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA
SN 0003-150X
J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS
JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 91
IS 1
BP 95
EP 108
PG 14
WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA 159YP
UT WOS:000078203500023
ER
PT J
AU Bennett, WD
Scheuch, G
Zeman, KL
Brown, JS
Kim, C
Heyder, J
Stahlhofen, W
AF Bennett, WD
Scheuch, G
Zeman, KL
Brown, JS
Kim, C
Heyder, J
Stahlhofen, W
TI Regional deposition and retention of particles in shallow, inhaled
boluses: effect of lung volume
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE aerosol deposition; aerosol bolus; inhaled particle retention
ID CLEARANCE; AEROSOLS
AB The regional deposition of particles in boluses delivered to shallow lung depths and their subsequent retention in the airways may depend on the lung volume at which the boluses are delivered. To evaluate the effect of end-inspiratory lung volume on aerosol bolus delivery, we had healthy subjects inhale radiolabeled, monodisperse aerosol (Tc-99m-iron oxide, 3.5-mu m mass median aerodynamic diameter) boluses (40 ml) to a volumetric front depth of 70 ml into the lung at lung volumes of 50, 70, and 85% of total lung capacity (TLC) end inhalation. By gamma camera analysis, we found significantly greater deposition in the left (L) vs. right (R) lungs at the 70 and 85% TLC end inhalation; ratio of deposition in L to R lung, normalized to L-to-R ratio of lung volume (mean L/R), was 1.60 +/- 0.45 (SD) and 1.96 +/-. 0.72, respectively (P < 0.001 for comparison to 1.0) for posterior images. However, at 50% TLC, L/R was 1.23 +/- 0.37, not significantly different from 1.0. These data suggest that the L and R lungs may be expanding nonuniformly at higher lung volumes. On the other hand, subsequent retention of deposited particles at 2 and 24 h postdeposition was independent of L/R at the various lung volumes. Thus asymmetric bolus ventilation for these very shallow boluses does not lead to significant increases in peripheral alveolar deposition. These data may prove useful for 1) designing aerosol delivery techniques to target bronchial airways and 2) understanding airway retention of inhaled particles.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Envrionm Med & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27771 USA.
RP Bennett, WD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med, CB 7310,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
NR 22
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 8750-7587
J9 J APPL PHYSIOL
JI J. Appl. Physiol.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 86
IS 1
BP 168
EP 173
PG 6
WC Physiology; Sport Sciences
SC Physiology; Sport Sciences
GA 191EN
UT WOS:000080009600023
PM 9887127
ER
PT J
AU Craig, JD
Purvis, CR
AF Craig, JD
Purvis, CR
TI A small scale biomass fueled gas turbine engine
SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE
ASME
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition
CY JUN 02-05, 1998
CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
AB A new generation of small scale (less than 20 MWe) biomass fueled, power plants are being developed based on a gas turbine (Brayton cycle) prime mover. These power plants are expected to increase the efficiency and lower the cost of generating power from fuels such as wood. The new power plants are also Expected to Economically utilize annual plant growth materials (such as rice hulls, cotton gin trash, nut shells, and various straws, grasses, and animal manures) that are not normally considered as fuel for power plants. This paper summarizes the new power generation concept with emphasis on the engineering challenges presented by the gas turbine component.
C1 Cratech Inc, Tahoka, TX 79373 USA.
US EPA, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Craig, JD (reprint author), Cratech Inc, POB 70, Tahoka, TX 79373 USA.
NR 11
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 2
PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0742-4795
J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER
JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 121
IS 1
BP 64
EP 67
DI 10.1115/1.2816313
PG 4
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA 166TC
UT WOS:000078592400010
ER
PT J
AU Tsiros, IX
AF Tsiros, IX
TI A modeling analysis of factors influencing mass balance components of
airborne deposited mercury in terrestrial landscapes
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE mercury; modeling; simulation; mercury cycling
ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; TRANSPORT; METHYLMERCURY; CATCHMENTS; WATER; USA;
AIR
AB A modeling analysis of factors influencing deposited airborne mercury mass balance in terrestrial landscapes is presented. Computer simulations are performed with a recently developed model for various sets of conditions. Preliminary estimates based on variability and sensitivity analysis of simulations are compatible with the currently -available knowledge of mercury terrestrial cycling. Atmospheric deposition of divalent mercury (Hg(II)) is the main source for mercury in uncontaminated terrestrial systems. Mercury mass balance is characterized by the intensive exchange of mercury between atmosphere and ground surface. Atmospheric deposition, weather conditions, hydrologic transport, Hg(II) reduction and landscape scale characteristics are the most important factors regulating conditions that have impacts on mercury mass balance components. Deposited mercury displays a strong tendency to be remobilized into the atmosphere as elemental mercury (Hg-o) formed by the reduction of divalent mercury in the surface soil; atmospheric nux (emission flux) is found to exceed, in general, mercury transport flux from soil, ranging from 35 to 90% of the atmospheric deposition. Total mercury surface runoff flux varies from 2 to 60% of the atmospheric deposition. Leaching flux is a minor component of mercury mass balance, ranging from 3 to 16% of atmospheric deposition. Transformation processes such as methylation and demethylation, although not important for total mercury flux, dominate the amount of methyl mercury in the soil and strongly affect methyl mercury fluxes with significant implications for biotic uptake and bioaccumulation. Limitations of the modeling analysis are also discussed.
C1 US EPA, Natl Res Council, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
RP Tsiros, IX (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Res Council, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
NR 29
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 5
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA
SN 1093-4529
J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A
JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng.
PY 1999
VL 34
IS 10
BP 1979
EP 2005
PG 27
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 262KZ
UT WOS:000084067600006
ER
PT J
AU Perlin, SA
Sexton, K
Wong, DWS
AF Perlin, SA
Sexton, K
Wong, DWS
TI An examination of race and poverty for populations living near
industrial sources of air pollution
SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE environmental justice; industrial air pollution; poverty status; race;
socioeconomic status; toxic release inventory
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; RISK ASSESSMENT;
KANAWHA VALLEY; EQUITY; MATTER; DEMOGRAPHICS
AB This study examines the sociodemographic characteristics of people living near industrial sources of air pollution in three areas of the United States: (1) the Kanawha Valley in West Virginia; (2) the Baton Rouge-New Orleans corridor in Louisiana; and (3) the greater Baltimore metropolitan area in Maryland. Using data from the 1990 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and the 1990 Census, we analyze relationships between variables assumed to be independent, such as location of single or multiple industrial emission sources, and the dependent variables of race (black/white) and poverty status (above/below poverty level). Results from all three study areas are consistent and indicate that African Americans and those living in households defined to be below the established poverty level are more likely, on average, to live closer to the nearest TRI facility and to live within 2 miles of multiple TRI facilities. Conversely, whites and those living in households above the poverty level are more likely, on average, to live farther from the nearest TRI facility and to live within 2 miles of fewer facilities, compared to African Americans and poor people.
C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Perlin, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 401 M St SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
OI /0000-0002-0525-0071
NR 53
TC 50
Z9 50
U1 2
U2 10
PU STOCKTON PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA
SN 1053-4245
J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID
JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1999
VL 9
IS 1
BP 29
EP 48
DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500024
PG 20
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 297VH
UT WOS:000086103000004
PM 10189625
ER
PT J
AU Zhou, T
Weis, JS
AF Zhou, T
Weis, JS
TI Predator avoidance in mummichog larvae from a polluted habitat
SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Fundulus heteroclitus; predator avoidance; pollution; swimming activity
ID FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; INLAND SILVERSIDES; CLUPEA-HARENGUS; COHO SALMON;
GREAT-LAKES; VULNERABILITY; SIZE; PREY; BEHAVIOR; METHYLMERCURY
AB Previous work has shown that adult mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a polluted site (Piles Creek, PC, New Jersey) were more vulnerable to predation by blue crabs than fish from a more pristine site (Tuckerton, TK, New Jersey). The present study was conducted to compare the spontaneous activity, swimming performance and predator avoidance of fish of the two populations at early life stages. When raised in synthetic salt water, both newly hatched and 1-month-old mummichog larvae from TK had greater spontaneous activity, swimming performance, and stamina than those from PC. In comparison to TK, PC larvae were less vulnerable to predation by yearling mummichogs at 1 week old, but were more vulnerable at 1 month old. Variation in behaviour and swimming ability of TK and PC larvae accounted for the differences in vulnerability to predation. TK larvae employed greater swimming and irregular movement, which was more successful for survival of older larger larvae. In contrast, PC larvae hid, often remaining motionless, which was advantageous for survival of young smaller larvae. Contaminants had been assumed responsible for the behavioural differences in the PC population. However, since differences were seen in larvae raised in synthetic salt water, it is possible that maternally transferred neurotoxicants (possibly delayed effects) and/or inherent factors also play a role. (C) 1999 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.
C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA.
RP Zhou, T (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-74B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM zhou.tong@epamail.epa.gov
NR 47
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0022-1112
J9 J FISH BIOL
JI J. Fish Biol.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 54
IS 1
BP 44
EP 57
DI 10.1006/jfbi.1998.0800
PG 14
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 156UP
UT WOS:000078020700004
ER
PT J
AU Van Wingen, RS
Hathorn, F
Sprehe, JT
AF Van Wingen, RS
Hathorn, F
Sprehe, JT
TI Principles for information technology investment in US federal
electronic records management
SO JOURNAL OF GOVERNMENT INFORMATION
LA English
DT Article
DE information technology; information technology investment; electronic
records management; business process reengineering
AB Changing business and legal conditions force federal agencies to acquire information technology (IT) systems today that may be subject to future mandatory electronic records management (ERM) requirements. Agencies must devise IT investment strategies that optimize operating efficiencies and customer service improvements in the present and also comply with the likely future direction of ERM regulations. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency undertook a business process reengineering (BPR) exercise with respect to future co-location of previously separate regulatory docket facilities. Their experience suggests that future mandatory ERM will cause federal agencies to take a more thorough account of the full information life cycle when planning an IT systems life cycle; and that BPR is a practical necessity when implementing ERM. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Off Informat Resources Management, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
SRA Int, Arlington, VA 22201 USA.
Sprehe Informat Management Associates Inc, Washington, DC 20008 USA.
RP Van Wingen, RS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Informat Resources Management, 401 M St SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 2
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-0237
J9 J GOV INFORM
JI J. Gov. Inf.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1999
VL 26
IS 1
BP 33
EP 42
DI 10.1016/S1352-0237(98)00086-0
PG 10
WC Information Science & Library Science
SC Information Science & Library Science
GA 162BK
UT WOS:000078325200004
ER
PT J
AU Rygwelski, KR
Richardson, WL
Endicott, DD
AF Rygwelski, KR
Richardson, WL
Endicott, DD
TI A screening-level model evaluation of atrazine in the Lake Michigan
basin
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE atrazine; mathematical models; Lake Michigan; herbicides; pesticides
ID S-TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; GREAT-LAKES; DEGRADATION; WATER; PESTICIDES;
BEHAVIOR; PRECIPITATION; TRANSPORT; ONTARIO; STREAM
AB Atrazine, a widely used herbicide in the agricultural regions of the Lake Michigan basin, was selected as a priority toxic chemical for study in the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US. EPA)-sponsored Lake Michigan Mass Balance project. A surface-water, screening-level model for atrazine in the Lake Michigan basin:was developed to obtain an initial insight into its transport behavior and ultimate fate. Estimates of tributary loadings and atmospheric loadings for model computations were made for the period-of-usage of the chemical beginning in 1964. Most of these loading estimates were based on total annual usage rates in the United States. Data from the literature were used to estimate these historical loadings. Approximately 30% of the total load of atrazine entering the lake is associated with precipitation, and the remainder is front tributary loads. An unsteady-state, Water Quality Simulation Program (WASP) model based on the principle of conservation of mass,:tvas used to predict concentrations of atrazine in Lake Michigan and Green Bay, Wisconsin. Model predictions agree with recent field-measured atrazine concentrations in the lake when atrazine is assumed to, be conservative in the lake. The persistence of atrazine predicted for Lake Michigan contrasts sharply with the relatively short half-lives of the chemical measured on agricultural fields as reported in the literature. It was estimated that if loadings of atrazine were to continue into the future at a rare equivalent to that of 1993, the lake would reach a steady-state concentration of 160 ng/L in approximately 300 years.
C1 US EPA, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA.
RP Rygwelski, KR (reprint author), US EPA, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA.
NR 43
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 8
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 1999
VL 25
IS 1
BP 94
EP 106
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 187WQ
UT WOS:000079811600008
ER
PT J
AU Makarewicz, JC
Lewis, TW
Bertram, P
AF Makarewicz, JC
Lewis, TW
Bertram, P
TI Phytoplankton composition and biomass in the offshore waters of Lake
Erie: Pre- and post-Dreissena introduction (1983-1993)
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE phytoplankton; Lake Erie; zebra and quagga mussel grazing; Dreissena
ID ZEBRA MUSSEL; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FILTERING IMPACTS; HATCHERY BAY;
SAGINAW BAY; GREAT-LAKES; POLYMORPHA; PHOSPHORUS; INVASION; FILTRATION
AB Phytoplankton was collected in all basins of Lake Erie during 42 cruises during the spring and summer from 1983 to 1993-a period that spans the Dreissena mussel invasion. Two potential impacts of Dreissena on the phytoplankton community of the western, central, and eastern basins of Lake Erie were evaluated: Was selective feeding occurring as observed in Saginaw Bay and were reductions in biomass evident in the offshore regions of the three basins of Lake Erie? In the western basin, significant summer decreases in Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Cyanobacteria, and total phytoplankton biomass were observed after Dreissena introduction. Similarly in the spring, Bacillariophyta and total phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll a concentrations decreased significantly. Since several divisions of phytoplankton did not decrease in phytoplankton biomass in the western basin, and spring Cyanobacteria biomass increased significantly while other divisions decreased in biomass, selective feeding on the phytoplankton community was suggested. Where significant reductions in biomass were observed in the offshore waters of the western basin, they were approximately 50% of the reduction observed at the nearshore sites in Lake Erie by other workers.
Dreissena impact on the phytoplankton community of the pelagic waters of the central and eastern basin appeared to be minimal. Pre- and post-Dreissena total phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll a concentrations were not significantly different or increased significantly after the Dreissena invasion. Biomass of several divisions of phytoplankton significantly increased after Dreissena introduction in the central and eastern basins. These included Bacillariophyta (central basin), Cyanobacteria (central and eastern basin), Chrysophyta (eastern basin), Chlorophyta biomass (eastern basin) and phytoplankton biomass (central basin) and chlorophyll a (central basin) in the spring, and Chrysophyta (eastern basin) and Cryptophyta biomass (central basin) in the summer. Generally, a reduction in phytoplankton biomass would be expected as a result of Dreissena grazing, not an increase in biomass. Dreissena-mediated changes in phytoplankton have generally occurred in shallow, well-mixed lakes, ponds, and embayments, not in deeper waters such as the central and eastern basins of Lake Erie.
C1 SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Biol Sci, Brockport, NY 14420 USA.
US EPA, Great Lakes Nat Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA.
RP Makarewicz, JC (reprint author), SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Biol Sci, Brockport, NY 14420 USA.
NR 42
TC 76
Z9 77
U1 0
U2 18
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 1999
VL 25
IS 1
BP 135
EP 148
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 187WQ
UT WOS:000079811600011
ER
PT J
AU Anderson, DJ
Bloem, TB
Blankenbaker, RK
Stanko, TA
AF Anderson, DJ
Bloem, TB
Blankenbaker, RK
Stanko, TA
TI Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in the water column of the
Laurentian Great Lakes: Spring 1993
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE polychlorinated biphenyls; Great Lakes; water concentrations
ID LARGE-SAMPLE EXTRACTOR; MICHIGAN WATER; PCBS; SUPERIOR;
PRECONCENTRATION; PESTICIDES; RIVER
AB PCB concentrations were measured in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America in the Spring of 1993. Quality control criteria were met for 97% of the dissolved phase samples and 90% of the particulate phase samples. Data are reported as total PCBs and as homolog groups for both of the operationally-defined phases at a 0.7 mu M cutoff Detection limit estimates were 21 pg/L for dissolved phase and 23 pg/L for particulate phase total PCBs, based on a sample volume of 190 L. Total PCB concentrations ranged from 100 pg/L in Lake Superior to 1.6 ng/L in the western basin of Lake Erie. Lakes Michigan and Ontario had the highest lakewide average total PCB concentrations, followed by Lake Huron, and then Lake Superior. Lakewide averaging across the three basins of Lake Erie was too variable to be useful.
C1 US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Program Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA.
Grace Analyt Serv Inc, Chicago, IL 60605 USA.
RP Anderson, DJ (reprint author), Adv Bioanalyt Serv Inc, 15 Catherwood Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
NR 32
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 4
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 1999
VL 25
IS 1
BP 160
EP 170
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 187WQ
UT WOS:000079811600013
ER
PT J
AU Bowerman, WW
Carey, J
Carpenter, D
Colborn, T
DeRosa, C
Fournier, M
Fox, GA
Gibson, BL
Gilbertson, M
Henshel, D
McMaster, S
Upshur, R
AF Bowerman, WW
Carey, J
Carpenter, D
Colborn, T
DeRosa, C
Fournier, M
Fox, GA
Gibson, BL
Gilbertson, M
Henshel, D
McMaster, S
Upshur, R
TI Is it time for a Great Lakes Ecosystem Management Agreement separate
from the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement?
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Int Joint Commiss, Windsor, ON N9A 6T3, Canada.
Lake Super State Univ, Sault St Marie, ON, Canada.
SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA.
Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
RP Gilbertson, M (reprint author), Int Joint Commiss, 100 Oullette St, Windsor, ON N9A 6T3, Canada.
NR 2
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 5
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 1999
VL 25
IS 2
BP 237
EP 238
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 222WD
UT WOS:000081807600001
ER
PT J
AU Zarull, MA
Hartig, JH
Krantzberg, G
Burch, K
Cowgill, D
Hill, G
Miller, J
Sherbin, IG
AF Zarull, MA
Hartig, JH
Krantzberg, G
Burch, K
Cowgill, D
Hill, G
Miller, J
Sherbin, IG
TI Contaminated sediment management in the Great Lakes basin ecosystem
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE contaminants; sediment remediation; sediment management; Areas of
Concern; Remedial Action Plans
ID POLLUTANTS; FISH; WASHINGTON; DISEASES; RIVER
AB Contaminated sediment remains a pervasive problem to the restoration and delisting in all of the Great Lakes Areas of Concern. Like many other problems, both identification and implementation of ecologically and economically acceptable solutions is complex. Recognizing the scope of this issue and perceiving that limited progress had been achieved, the International Joint Commission (IJC) asked its Great Lakes Water Quality Board to review the magnitude of the problem and what progress had been made in managing contaminated sediment by Canada and the United States. In addition, the Commission also asked for an identification of obstacles to remediation and recommendations for solutions.
This paper provides a synopsis of this work and a summary of an IJC workshop held in June of 1997, in Collingwood, Ontario. Six categories of obstacles to sediment remediation are discussed, potential solutions are identified, and a series of recommendations are proposed. A plan of action to further develop approaches to sediment management and to stimulate additional remediation throughout the basin is also presented.
C1 Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
Int Joint Commiss, Great Lakes Reg Off, Windsor, ON N9A 6T3, Canada.
Ontario Minist Environm, Program Dev Branch, Toronto, ON M4V 1M2, Canada.
Penn Dept Environm Protect, Off Great Lakes, Meadville, PA 16335 USA.
US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Programs Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA.
Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Div Environm Qual, Madison, WI 53707 USA.
US Army Corps Engineers, N Cent Div, Chicago, IL 60606 USA.
RP Zarull, MA (reprint author), Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
RI krantzberg, gail/A-5404-2008
NR 24
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 1999
VL 25
IS 2
BP 412
EP 422
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 222WD
UT WOS:000081807600020
ER
PT J
AU Stoermer, EF
Kreis, RG
Andresen, NA
AF Stoermer, EF
Kreis, RG
Andresen, NA
TI Checklist of diatoms from the Laurentian Great Lakes. II
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
DE diatoms; Great Lakes; floristics; systematics; checklist; biodiversity;
algae
ID SILICEOUS MICROFOSSIL SUCCESSION; FRAGILARIA-CROTONENSIS KITTON;
PHYTOPLANKTON DYNAMICS; PLEUROSIGMA BACILLARIOPHYCEAE;
STEPHANODISCUS-NIAGARAE; SUPERIOR SEDIMENTS; GENERA GYROSIGMA; RECENT
HISTORY; NORTH-AMERICA; ZEBRA MUSSEL
AB An updated diatom (Bacillariophyta) checklist for the Great Lakes is provided. The present checklist supplants the preliminary checklist published in The Journal for Great Lakes Research in 1978 and effectively represents a 20-year update. A series of procedures were used in this update which included: a reexamination of taxa reported in the 1978 list, additions of taxa reported from the Great Lakes during the past 20 years, and a revision of taxonomy, commensurate with systematic and nomenclatural changes which have occurred primarily during the past 8 years. 1488 diatom species or subordinate taxa are considered to be correct reports from the Great Lakes out of the 2188 diatom entities reported in the list. Of the 124 genera reported 105 are considered to be names in current use. The number of diatom species reported represents a 16.5% increase and the number of genera reported represents a 78% increase over those reported in the 1978 checklist. 13% of the species reported and 32% of the genera reported are due solely to nomenclatural changes. Results indicate that Great Lakes diatoms are a biodiverse component of the ecosystem, commensurate with the wide range of habitats found in the system. The present checklist indicates that most of the newly added species are primarily benthic or periphytic in nature and these represent largely understudied habitats. These results suggest that the present checklist may only represent approximately 70% or less of the extant diatom flora of the Great Lakes system.
C1 Univ Michigan, Ctr Great Lakes & Aquat Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 49109 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div Duluth, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA.
RP Andresen, NA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ctr Great Lakes & Aquat Sci, 501 E Univ, Ann Arbor, MI 49109 USA.
EM andresen@umich.edu
NR 246
TC 39
Z9 53
U1 3
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 1999
VL 25
IS 3
BP 515
EP 566
PG 52
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 255PH
UT WOS:000083678000008
ER
PT J
AU Kerfoot, WC
Harting, S
Rossmann, R
Robbins, JA
AF Kerfoot, WC
Harting, S
Rossmann, R
Robbins, JA
TI Anthropogenic copper inventories and mercury profiles from Lake
Superior: Evidence for mining impacts
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Lake Superior; copper; mining; mercury; sediment
ID GREAT-LAKES; EARLY DIAGENESIS; SEDIMENTS; DEPOSITION; MICHIGAN; RATES;
ELEMENTS; RECORDS; AMERICA; LEAD
AB During the past 150 years, the mining industry discharged more than a billion tons of railings along Lake Superior shorelines and constructed numerous smelters in the watershed Given the vast size of Lake Superior were sediment profiles at locations far offshore impacted by nearshore activities? Did copper and associated precious metal mining modify regional fluxes for copper and mercury? Samples from thirty sediment cores document that background concentrations of copper are high (mean 60.9 +/- 7.0 mu g/g), due to the proximity of natural ore sources. Anthropogenic inventories uncorrected for focusing also are high, ranging from 20 to 780 mu g/cm(2) (mean 187 +/- 54 mu g/cm(2)). Focusing factor corrections decrease the mean estimate and reduce variance (144 +/- 24 mu g/cm(2)). Several approaches to estimating inputs suggest that only 6 to 10% of historic copper deposition originated directly from atmospheric sources, emphasizing terrestrial sources. Moreover, coastal sediment cores often show synchronous early increases in copper and mercury with buried maxima. Around the Keweenaw Peninsula, twenty-two cores trace high copper and mercury inventories back to mill and smelting sources. Direct assays of ores from thirteen mine sites confirm a natural amalgam source of mercury in the stamp mill discharges. Core records from inland lakes (Michigamme Project) also reveal patterns of copper and mercury inputs from a variety of mining sources: historic tailing inputs, amalgam assay releases, and atmospheric smelter plumes.
C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Lake Super Ecosyst Res Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA.
NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Kerfoot, WC (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Lake Super Ecosyst Res Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
NR 48
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 3
U2 19
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 1999
VL 25
IS 4
BP 663
EP 682
PG 20
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 295PD
UT WOS:000085976300007
ER
PT J
AU Rossmann, R
AF Rossmann, R
TI Horizontal and vertical distributions of mercury in 1983 Lake Superior
sediments with estimates of storage and mass flux
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Lake Superior; sediments; mercury; anthropogenic storage
AB Persistent elevated mercury concentrations in some species of Lake Superior fish and the general lack of information on mercury storage in and fluxes to the lake's sediments prompted the analysis of samples that were collected in 1983. Results of the analyses support the conclusion that Lake Superior sediments have mercury? concentrations above background levels at all sites sampled. For those cores which penetrated the sediment deeply enough (the majority of the cores), background mercury concentrations ranged between 0.016 and 0.048 mg/kg. Mercury concentrations in surficial sediments ranged between 0.027 and 0.96 mg/kg. The maximum mercury concentration found in sub-surface sediments (2 to 20 cm deep) was 6.5 mg/kg. The surficial 20 cm of sediment contained 342 metric tons of mercury of which 51% or 174 metric tons was anthropogenic. The surface 2 cm of sediment contained 29 metric tons of mercury of which 76% or 22 metric tons was anthropogenic. Estimated total mercury fluxes to surficial sediments ranged between 0.1 and 10 ng/cm(2)/y with a mean of 3.2 ng/cm(2)/y. Baclcground total mercury fluxes to the lake ranged between 0.20 and 0.72 ng/cm2/y with a mean of 0.48 ng/cm2/y. Estimated fluxes of anthropogenic mercury to surficial sediments ranged between -0.42 and 10 ng/cm(2 f)/y with a mean of 2.7 ng/cm(2)/y. The fluxes reported here are only the second known reporting of mercury, fluxes to Lake Superior sediments. The inventory of mercury in the sediments is the first reported.
C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Large Lakes Res Stn, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA.
RP Rossmann, R (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Large Lakes Res Stn, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA.
NR 26
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 5
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 1999
VL 25
IS 4
BP 683
EP 696
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 295PD
UT WOS:000085976300008
ER
PT J
AU Mundy, WR
Sutton, LD
AF Mundy, WR
Sutton, LD
TI Characterization and use of a selective PKC substrate derived from the
MARCKS phosphorylation site domain
SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Cellular & Mol Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0022-3042
J9 J NEUROCHEM
JI J. Neurochem.
PY 1999
VL 72
SU S
BP S36
EP S36
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 167YQ
UT WOS:000078663100145
ER
PT J
AU Lee, JJ
Phillips, DL
Benson, VW
AF Lee, JJ
Phillips, DL
Benson, VW
TI Soil erosion and climate change: Assessing potential impacts and
adaptation practices
SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE climate change; soil erosion; adaptation; assessment; simulations; US
corn belt
ID YIELD; MODEL
AB Changes in climate associated with changes in atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and other greenhouse gases might affect soil erosion by wind and water. Changes in erosion could in turn cause changes in productivity and sustainability of agricultural systems, and changes in air quality (PM10) and water quality (sediment transport). Substantial effects on productivity may however, only occur several decades after climate changes. This paper presents a procedure for assessing the potential effects of climate change on erosion and productivity. A preliminary screening process is used to identify and prioritize regions and management systems. Subsequent simulation of selected sites with the EPIC model is used to investigate potential practices to adapt agricultural systems to climate change. In some cases, proposed adaptation strategies might reduce sustainability if they due not matched to environmental conditions found at specific sites. As an example, the assessment procedure is applied to evaluate vulnerability and adaptation practices for a 20% increase in mean monthly wind speeds in the U.S. corn belt.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv Grassland, Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA.
RP Lee, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011
NR 31
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 4
PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC
PI ANKENY
PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA
SN 0022-4561
J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV
JI J. Soil Water Conserv.
PY 1999
VL 54
IS 3
BP 529
EP 536
PG 8
WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA 277MB
UT WOS:000084936400003
ER
PT J
AU Griffith, GE
Omernik, JM
Woods, AJ
AF Griffith, GE
Omernik, JM
Woods, AJ
TI Ecoregions, watersheds, basins, and HUCs: How state and federal agencies
frame water quality
SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE aquatic ecosystems; ecoregions; hydrologic units; reference sites; water
quality; watersheds
ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGICAL REGIONS; UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA;
BIODIVERSITY; PHOSPHORUS; STREAMS; SALMON; FISHES; USA
AB Many stare and federal agencies have adopted a "watershed approach" for water quality assessment and management and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommend; using hydrologic units for this purpose. Watersheds are important spatial units for studies of land-water relationships, but most hydrologic units are not watershed. More importantly, watersheds, basins, or hydrologic units do not correspond to the spatial patterns of regional characteristics, such as physiography, soils, vegetation, geology, climate, and land use that influence the physical, chemical, or biological nature of water bodies. Far effective management Strategies regarding protective water quality standards or restoration goals, these regional differences in ecological potentials should be considered. An ecoregion framework is an appropriate and necessary complementary tool for watershed assessment and management. Reference watershed within ecoregions can be wed to help set expectations, standards, and management practices. National, regional, and state examples illustrate the need to recognize the limitations of water quality assessments conducted solely within watershed or hydrologic unit frameworks.
C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA.
Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR USA.
RP Griffith, GE (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
NR 82
TC 33
Z9 36
U1 2
U2 15
PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC
PI ANKENY
PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA
SN 0022-4561
J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV
JI J. Soil Water Conserv.
PY 1999
VL 54
IS 4
BP 666
EP 677
PG 12
WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA 277MC
UT WOS:000084936500007
ER
PT J
AU McClenny, WA
Schmidt, SM
Kronmiller, KG
AF McClenny, WA
Schmidt, SM
Kronmiller, KG
TI Variation of the relative humidity of air released from canisters after
ambient sampling
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID VOCS
AB Dalton's law of partial pressures and the hypothesis that water vapor equilibrium in a canister is identical to that established above liquid water are used to predict the variation of the percent relative humidity (%RH) of air released from canisters used in ambient air sampling, typically 6-L canisters pressurized with 18 L of air. When (and if) the water vapor partial pressure in a canister exceeds its saturation vapor pressure, water vapor condensation begins and the condensation rate equals the sampling rate of water vapor into the canister. Under constant temperature conditions, the air subsequently released from the canister is less humid than the original sample, following the relationship %RH = 100% (6 L/V-s) for V-s> V-r, where V-s is the resdual air volume (referenced to atmospheric pressure), and V-r is shown to depend on the %RH of the ambient air sample. V-r is the residual air volume at which water is completely removed (except for adsorbed water vapor) from the canister wall. For V-s < Vr, the predicted %RH is constant and equal to its value at V-r. Experimental values agree reasonably well with predictions at both high (90%) and low (34%) RH. However, experimental values are often slightly displaced (usually towards lower values of %RH) for mid-range %RH (61%) and variations in %RH near V-r change from canister to canister.
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
RP McClenny, WA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 4
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC
PI PITTSBURGH
PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA
SN 1047-3289
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 49
IS 1
BP 64
EP 69
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 153KF
UT WOS:000077831700007
PM 28060607
ER
PT J
AU McCrillis, RC
Howard, EM
Guo, ZS
Krebs, KA
Fortmann, R
Lao, HC
AF McCrillis, RC
Howard, EM
Guo, ZS
Krebs, KA
Fortmann, R
Lao, HC
TI Characterization of curing emissions from conversion varnishes
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
AB Three commercially available conversion varnish coating "systems" (stain, sealer, and topcoat) were selected for an initial scoping study. The total volatile content of the catalyzed varnishes, as determined by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 24, ranged from 64 to 73 weight%. Uncombined (free) formaldehyde concentrations, determined by a sodium sulfite titration method, ranged from 0.15 to 0.58 weight% of the uncatalyzed varnishes. Each sealer and topcoat was also analyzed by gas chromatography (EPA Method 311). The primary volatile organic constituents included methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), isobutanol, n-butanol, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), toluene, ethylbenzene, the xylenes, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene.
Dynamic small chamber tests were performed to identify and quantify emissions following application to coupons of typical kitchen cabinet wood substrates and during curing and aging. One of the objectives was to determine the relationship between the concentration of solvents [hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)] and formaldehyde measured in the coatings' formulations and the emissions released during curing, after the coatings were applied. The results to date have shown good mass balance (amount of a constituent applied versus amount emitted) for the individual WAPs (except formaldehyde) and VOCs identified in the sealers and topcoats. Formaldehyde emissions have shown six to seven times the emission compared to the free formaldehyde content in the formulation, indicating that formaldehyde is formed during the curing process. Results of the formulation analyses and emission tests completed to date are described in this paper.
C1 US EPA, Emiss Characterizat & Prevent Branch, Off Res & Dev,Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
US EPA, Indoor Environm Management Branch, Off Res & Dev,Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller Inc, Indoor Air Qual Grp, Durham, NC 27709 USA.
RP McCrillis, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Emiss Characterizat & Prevent Branch, Off Res & Dev,Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 8
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 4
PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC
PI PITTSBURGH
PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA
SN 1047-3289
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 49
IS 1
BP 70
EP 75
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 153KF
UT WOS:000077831700008
PM 28060611
ER
PT J
AU Shi, XL
Chiu, A
Chen, CT
Halliwell, B
Castranova, V
Vallyathan, V
AF Shi, XL
Chiu, A
Chen, CT
Halliwell, B
Castranova, V
Vallyathan, V
TI Reduction of chromium(VI) and its relationship to carcinogenesis
SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
ID HAMSTER V-79 CELLS; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE;
HYDROXYL RADICAL GENERATION; SINGLE-STRAND BREAKS; FENTON-LIKE REACTION;
CHICK-EMBRYO LIVER; CAUSES DNA-DAMAGE; RED-BLOOD-CELLS;
HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE
AB Although Cr(VI)-containing compounds are well-documented carcinogens, their mechanism of action is still not well understood. Recent studies have suggested that reduction of Cr(VI) to its lower oxidation states and related free-radical reactions play an important role in carcinogenesis. This article summarizes recent studies on (1) the reduction of Cr(VI) by ascorbate, diol- and thiol-containing molecules, certain flavoenzymes, cell organelles, intact cells, and whole animals; (2) free-radical production with emphasis on hydroxy radical generation via Fenton or Haber-Weiss type reactions; and (3) free-radical-induced cellular damage, such as DNA strand breaks, hydroxylation of 2'-deoxyguanosine, and activation of nuclear transcription factor kappa B.
C1 NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
Kings Coll London, Pharmacol Grp, London SW3 6LX, England.
US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
Occupat Safety & Hlth Adm, Washington, DC USA.
RP Shi, XL (reprint author), NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
EM xas0@cdc.gov
RI Halliwell, Barry/C-8318-2009; Shi, Xianglin/B-8588-2012
NR 84
TC 206
Z9 215
U1 0
U2 10
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1093-7404
J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B
JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1999
VL 2
IS 1
BP 87
EP 104
DI 10.1080/109374099281241
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 157PB
UT WOS:000078069900003
PM 10081526
ER
PT J
AU Burian, SJ
Nix, SJ
Durrans, SR
Pitt, RE
Fan, CY
Field, R
AF Burian, SJ
Nix, SJ
Durrans, SR
Pitt, RE
Fan, CY
Field, R
TI Historical development of wet-weather flow management
SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
ID TECHNOLOGY; DESIGN; WATER
AB The management of wet-weather flow (WWF) is necessary to maintain the quality of urban water resources. Throughout history, strategies have been implemented to control WWF for many reasons, including flood and water quality control, aesthetic improvement, waste removal, and others. A comprehensive literature review has been conducted to determine past strategies and to revisit the historical developments of WWF management. Understanding these past strategies and the development of WWF-management systems over time will aid current and future generations in their WWF-management efforts. This paper summarizes the historical literature review, highlighting the development of WWF management from ancient times to the present. The relationship between past developments, the current state, and the future of WWF management is addressed by identifying several lessons learned.
C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
No Arizona Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
Univ Alabama, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
US EPA, Water Supply & Water Res Div, Urban Watershed Management Branch, Edison, NJ 08837 USA.
RP Burian, SJ (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
OI Burian, Steven/0000-0003-0523-4968
NR 90
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA
SN 0733-9496
J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE
JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1999
VL 125
IS 1
BP 3
EP 13
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1999)125:1(3)
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA 147AW
UT WOS:000077451900001
ER
PT J
AU Geradts, J
Birrer, M
Fong, K
Abbondanzo, SL
Barrett, JC
Lombardi, DP
AF Geradts, J
Birrer, M
Fong, K
Abbondanzo, SL
Barrett, JC
Lombardi, DP
TI Loss and KAI1 expression in squamous and lymphoid neoplasms: An
immunohistochemical study of archival tissues
SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England.
Natl Canc Inst, Rockville, MD USA.
Prince Charles Hosp, Brisbane, Qld 4032, Australia.
Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA.
Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0023-6837
J9 LAB INVEST
JI Lab. Invest.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 79
IS 1
MA 1123
BP 191A
EP 191A
PG 1
WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology
SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology
GA 162YZ
UT WOS:000078376601135
ER
PT J
AU Rice, EW
Rodgers, MR
Wesley, IV
Johnson, CH
Tanner, SA
AF Rice, EW
Rodgers, MR
Wesley, IV
Johnson, CH
Tanner, SA
TI Isolation of Arcobacter butzleri from ground water
SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; SURVIVAL; INACTIVATION; HELICOBACTER; OUTBREAK;
COLI; PCR
AB Arcobacter butzleri was isolated from a contaminated ground water source. These organisms, previously designated as aerotolerant Campylobacter, were capable of surviving in the ground water environment. Specific DNA probes were used to characterize the isolates in the initial identification and survival studies. Arcobacter butzleri was found to be sensitive to chlorine inactivation.
C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
USDA, Ames, IA USA.
Idaho Dept Hlth & Welfare, Couer Alene, ID USA.
RP Rice, EW (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
EM rice.gene@epa.gov
NR 23
TC 101
Z9 102
U1 0
U2 7
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0266-8254
J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL
JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 28
IS 1
BP 31
EP 35
DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00483.x
PG 5
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 163DP
UT WOS:000078388000006
PM 10030029
ER
PT S
AU Heppell, SS
Crowder, LB
Menzel, TR
AF Heppell, SS
Crowder, LB
Menzel, TR
BE Musick, JA
TI Life table analysis of long-lived marine species with implications for
conservation and management
SO LIFE IN THE SLOW LANE: ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF LONG-LIVED MARINE
ANIMALS
SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Conservation of Long-Lived Marine Animals
CY AUG 24, 1997
CL MONTEREY, CA
SP Amer Fisheries Soc
ID SHARK TRIAKIS-SEMIFASCIATA; TURTLE EXCLUDER DEVICES; SEA-TURTLE;
POPULATION-MODEL; DEMOGRAPHIC-ANALYSIS; GROWTH; PARAMETERS; PATTERNS;
FISHES; CALIFORNIA
AB Many long-lived marine species have been overexploited through intentional or incidental harvest. Whales, sharks, sea turtles, and large marine fishes have a wide range of life history strategies. We compared the life tables of several species by converting them to age-based matrix models and calculating the proportional contribution of newborn, juvenile, and adult annual survival to population growth (lambda, where In(lambda) = r, the intrinsic rate of increase). This comparative analysis, called elasticity analysis, has been used to compare life histories and set management priorities for threatened species. Long-lived marine species have very low fecundity and first-year survival elasticities, while the relative contribution of juveniles or adults depends on age at first reproduction. Small decreases in sensitive adult or large juvenile age-classes can drastically reduce population growth rates and are unlikely to be compensated for by an increase in newborn production or survival. We illustrate the potential use of life table elasticity analysis with case studies for sea turtles and sharks. Although deterministic models are rarely used in fisheries, we suggest that elasticity analysis can provide valuable insight for predicting the effects of fishing mortality on various life histories.
C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RP Heppell, SS (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
NR 50
TC 71
Z9 74
U1 2
U2 27
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0892-2284
BN 1-888569-15-8
J9 AM FISH S S
PY 1999
VL 23
BP 137
EP 148
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA BN69L
UT WOS:000082615800010
ER
PT S
AU Andersen, CP
Rygiewicz, PT
AF Andersen, CP
Rygiewicz, PT
BE Brechignac, F
MacElroy, R
TI Understanding plant-soil relationships using controlled environment
facilities
SO LIFE SCIENCES: ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEMS
SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT F4 3 and F4 4 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission F Held at 31st
COSPAR Scientific Assembly
CY JUL 14-21, 1996
CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND
ID CARBON; GROWTH; ECOSYSTEMS; PRODUCTIVITY; ALLOCATION; BACTERIA; OZONE;
ROOTS
AB Although soil is a component of terrestrial ecosystems, it is comprised of a complex web of interacting organisms, and therefore can be considered itself as an ecosystem. Soil microflora and fauna derive energy from plants and plant residues and serve important functions in maintaining soil physical and chemical properties, thereby affecting net primary productivity (NPP), and in the case of contained environments, the quality of the life support system. We have been using 3 controlled-environment facilities (CEF's) that incorporate different levels of soil biological complexity and environmental control, and differ in their resemblance to natural ecosystems, to study relationships among plant physiology, soil ecology, fluxes of minerals and nutrients, and overall ecosystem function. The simplest system utilizes growth chambers and specialized root chambers with organic-less media to study the physiology of plant-mycorrhizal associations. A second system incorporates natural soil in open-top chambers to study soil bacterial and fungal population response to stress. The most complex CEF incorporates reconstructed soil profiles in a "constructed" ecosystem, enabling close examination of the soil foodweb. Our results show that closed ecosystem research is important for understanding mechanisms of response to ecosystem stresses. In addition, responses observed at one level of biological complexity may not allow prediction of response at a different level of biological complexity. In closed life support systems, incorporating soil foodwebs will require less artificial manipulation to maintain system stability and sustainability. (C) 1999 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RP Andersen, CP (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
EM andersen@heart.cor.epa.gov
NR 21
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 3
PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
J9 ADV SPACE RES
PY 1999
VL 24
IS 3
BP 309
EP 318
DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00484-6
PG 10
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Ecology; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BP22T
UT WOS:000084442300007
PM 11542539
ER
PT J
AU Lores, EM
Pennock, JR
AF Lores, EM
Pennock, JR
TI Bioavailability and trophic transfer of humic-bound copper from bacteria
to zooplankton
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE trophic transfer; bioavailability; humic acid; zooplankton; copper
ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; COPEPOD ACARTIA-TONSA; POLYCYCLIC
AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MARINE; PHYTOPLANKTON; WATER; ACCUMULATION;
SUBSTANCES; REDUCTION; FECUNDITY
AB The effect of humic acid (HA) on uptake and transfer of Cu by selected marine organisms from the microbial loop was determined. Bacteria grown with and without 15 mu g Cu 1(-1) and with and without 10 mg Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) 1(-1) were fed to Uronema sp. The Uronema were subsequently fed to Acartia tonsa to determine the effect of humic acid on the uptake and transfer of Cu from bacteria to copepods. The presence of 10 mg SRHA 1-1 reduced Cu uptake in A. tonsa by an average of 54% and significantly reduced the negative effects of Cu on reproductive success of A. tonsa. The percentage of the total Cu residues in A. tonsa resulting from feeding was estimated by exposing A. tonsa to the same conditions with and without pre-exposed Uronema as food. The results indicate that approximately 50% of the Cu residue is due to feeding. Thus, SRHA seems to affect Cu uptake in A. tonsa through binding of free Cu in the water at the same rate as through the food chain. This study demonstrates the importance of complexation of metals by organic matter and trophic transfer processes for organisms critical to estuarine food webs.
C1 US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
Univ Alabama, Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA.
RP US EPA, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
EM lores.emile@epa.gov
NR 36
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 2
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
EI 1616-1599
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 1999
VL 187
BP 67
EP 75
DI 10.3354/meps187067
PG 9
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 258GL
UT WOS:000083830200006
ER
PT J
AU Kelly, JR
Doering, PH
AF Kelly, JR
Doering, PH
TI Seasonal deepening of the pycnocline in a shallow shelf ecosystem and
its influence on near-bottom dissolved oxygen
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE dissolved oxygen; metabolism; stratification; pycnocline; Massachusetts
Bay
ID LONG-ISLAND SOUND; BOSTON-HARBOR; MASSACHUSETTS-BAY; CHESAPEAKE BAY;
EUTROPHICATION; DEPLETION; HYPOXIA; SYSTEM; STRATIFICATION; PRODUCTIVITY
AB A 3 yr record (1992 to 1994) of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations from an intensive grid of 21 sampling stations in a similar to 100 km(2) study area of western Massachusetts Bay (similar to 25 to 50 m water depth) showed a regular seasonal decline in bottom waters during stratification, but considerable spatial and temporal variability within and across years. Mean near-bottom, subpycnocline DO concentrations for the area reached 7.57, 7.85, and 6.2 mg l(-1) in mid October 1992, late September 1993, and late September 1994, respectively; individual station readings were as low as 4.8 mg l(-1) in 1994. Overall stratified-season rates of subpycnocline DO decline were similar to 0.025 to 0.031 mg l(-1) d(-1), but rates increased late in the season as the bottom layer sharply warmed to its annual temperature maximum. Concurrent with relatively lower DO concentrations in 1994, field measurements indicated high bottom-water temperatures >12 degrees C (greater than or equal to 4 degrees C above 1992 to 1993) and a deepened pycnocline just prior to overturn. To address how factors like temperature and vertical structure of the water column interact with metabolic processes to shape observed trends in DO decline and spatio-temporal variability, we used a simple model with physical and biological measurements from field monitoring as inputs. From field and model sensitivity results, we conclude that temperature and stratification strongly influence DO minima and rates of decline, and these factors interact with the bathymetric slope, as well as the topographic and depositional heterogeneity of the study area, to create subpycnocline variability in DO. With respect to lower DO in 1994, temperature contributed by accelerating both water and sediment metabolism, but a major effect was the late-season deepening of the pycnocline that enhanced the contribution of sediment respiration to DO decline by isolating a thin near-bottom water layer. In addition, dynamics of seasonal pycnocline deepening are a principal influence on interannual variability in bottom-water DO because, in contrast to the late-season effect, early in the stratified season a shallow pycnocline depth may moderate DO decline by allowing mid-water primary production to add DO to subpycnocline water.
C1 S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33416 USA.
RP Kelly, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
EM kelly.johnr@epa.gov
NR 47
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 3
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 1999
VL 178
BP 151
EP 168
DI 10.3354/meps178151
PG 18
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 188ZD
UT WOS:000079878600014
ER
PT J
AU Nguyen, TT
Dinh, KT
AF Nguyen, TT
Dinh, KT
TI Stability of characterizations of normal distributions based on the
conditional expected values of the sample skewness and the sample
kurtosis
SO METRIKA
LA English
DT Article
DE conditional density function; characteristic function; conditional
moment; small parameter
AB Characterizations of normal distributions given by Nguyen and Dinh (1998) based on conditional expected values of the sample skewness and the sample kurtosis, given the sample mean and the sample variance, are shown to be stable.
C1 Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA.
US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU PHYSICA VERLAG GMBH
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, 69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0026-1335
J9 METRIKA
JI Metrika
PY 1999
VL 49
IS 2
BP 147
EP 158
DI 10.1007/s001840050031
PG 12
WC Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematics
GA 242NK
UT WOS:000082947000006
ER
PT B
AU Cho, JS
Wilson, JT
AF Cho, JS
Wilson, JT
BE Alleman, BC
Leeson, A
TI Hydrocarbon and MTBE removal rates during natural attenuation
application
SO NATURAL ATTENUATION OF CHLORINATED SOLVENTS, PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS, AND
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium
CY APR 19-22, 1999
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc
AB Removal rates of hydrocarbons and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) from the non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) residual source floating over the water table were estimated with site characterization data at a petroleum contamination site at a US Coast Guard (USCG) Air Base. Site characterization activities included soil and groundwater sampling, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and components analysis in soil samples, analysis of hydrocarbons and electron accepters in groundwater, and measurement of hydraulic conductivity. Total quantities of hydrocarbons and MTBE in the subsurface were estimated from soil sampling data. Dissolution rates of hydrocarbon components from the residual NAPL source into groundwater were estimated with a vertical diffusion model. Estimation of hydrocarbon and MTBE removal from the residual source in soil matrices was verified with a mass balance check. A mass balance check allowed the quantitative evaluation of the fate and transport of contaminants from the source to the sensitive receptors. The conceptual model and quantification of removal rates provided an estimation of the application period of natural attenuation at the site as the plume management strategy.
C1 US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA.
RP Cho, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU BATTELLE PRESS
PI COLUMBUS
PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA
BN 1-57477-074-8
PY 1999
BP 109
EP 114
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BN62X
UT WOS:000082416000018
ER
PT J
AU Miller, RK
Pollock, AA
Watts, DJ
Carlyle, JM
Tafuri, AN
Yezzi, JJ
AF Miller, RK
Pollock, AA
Watts, DJ
Carlyle, JM
Tafuri, AN
Yezzi, JJ
TI A reference standard for the development of acoustic emission pipeline
leak detection techniques
SO NDT & E INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE leak detection; Acoustic Emission; buried pipeline; tuned linear
location; peak simulation
AB A reference standard was constructed for setting up and evaluating AE equipment to be used in pipeline leak detection. The reference standard comprises a short length of 2-inch diameter piping with facilities for introducing several kinds of controlled leaks. The reference standard proved very valuable not only for checking out equipment, but also for characterizing source mechanisms as part of an integrated approach to quantitative AE leak detection/location technology. The effects of pressure and air injection were measured for thread leaks on the order of 0.1 gal h(-1), a leakage rate that is important in the context of environmental protection regulations. Taking this knowledge to the held, a thread leak of only 0.014 gal h(-1) was successfully detected and located by injecting nitrogen into the line at 25 psi. This leak was located with I foot accuracy, using two different location techniques and 25-foot sensor spacing. It is envisioned that in the future, AE inspectors in the field will make systematic use of several two-phase flow processes and soil enhancement mechanisms that are being characterized by means of this new reference standard. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Phys Acoust Corp, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
New Jersey Inst Technol, Emiss Reduct Res Ctr, Newark, NJ 07102 USA.
US EPA, NRMRL, Edison, NJ 08837 USA.
RP Miller, RK (reprint author), Phys Acoust Corp, POB 3135, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
NR 6
TC 42
Z9 49
U1 7
U2 34
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0963-8695
J9 NDT&E INT
JI NDT E Int.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 32
IS 1
BP 1
EP 8
DI 10.1016/S0963-8695(98)00034-6
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA 157EB
UT WOS:000078046200001
ER
PT J
AU Tandon, P
Yang, Y
Das, K
Holmes, GL
Stafstrom, CE
AF Tandon, P
Yang, Y
Das, K
Holmes, GL
Stafstrom, CE
TI Neuroprotective effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in seizures
during development
SO NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE development; antisense oligonucleotide; BDNF; neuroprotection; kainic
acid seizure; neuronal loss
ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; SPONTANEOUS RECURRENT SEIZURES; TEMPORAL-LOBE
EPILEPSY; KAINIC ACID INJECTION; FACTOR MESSENGER-RNA;
HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; MOSSY FIBERS; SYNAPTIC
REORGANIZATION; DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS
AB Although the immature brain is highly susceptible to seizures, it is more resistant to seizure-induced neuronal loss than the adult brain. The developing brain contains high levels of neurotrophins which are involved in growth, differentiation and survival of neurons. To test the hypothesis that neurotrophins may protect the developing brain from seizure-induced neuronal loss, brain-derived neurotrophic factor up-regulation was blocked by intracerebroventricular infusion of an 18mer antisense oligodeoxynucleotide sequence to brain-derived neurotrophic factor in 19-day-old rats using micro-osmotic pumps. Control rats were infused with sense or missense oligodeoxynucleotide. Status epilepticus was induced by intraperitoneal administration of kainic acid 24 h after the start of oligodeoxynucleotide infusion. Seizure duration was significantly increased in the antisense oligodeoxynucleotide plus kainic acid group compared to groups that received kainic acid alone or kainic acid plus sense or missense oligodeoxynucleotide. There was no difference between groups in the latency to forelimb clonus. A twofold increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels was observed in the hippocampus 20 h following kainic acid-induced seizures. This kainic acid-induced increase was absent in animals receiving infusion of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to brain-derived neurotrophic factor at lime of seizure induction. Hippocampi of rats in this group (antisense oligodeoxynucleotide plus kainic acid) showed a loss of CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells and hilar interneurons. This neuronal loss was not dependent upon seizure duration since animals injected with diazepam to control seizure activity in the antisense plus kainic acid group also showed similar neuronal loss. Administration of kainic acid or infusion of antisense alone did not produce any cell loss in these regions. Induction of seizures at postnatal day 20, in the presence or absence of antisense oligonucleotide, did not produce an impairment in learning and memory when tested 15 days later in the Morris water maze. The hippocampi of these animals did not show any synaptic reorganization as assessed by growth-associated protein-43 immunostaining and Timm staining.
Our findings confirm prior studies demonstrating that seizures in the immature brain are associated with little, if any, cell loss. However, when seizure-induced increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor is blocked, seizures do result in neuronal loss in the developing brain. Thus, brain-derived neurotrophic factor appears to provide protection against kainic acid seizure-induced neuronal damage in the developing brain. (C) 1999 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth Effects Res Lab, Neurotoxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Sch Med, Div Pediat Neurol, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Harvard Univ, McLean Hosp, Sch Med, MRC 101,115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02178 USA.
FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS27984]
NR 62
TC 61
Z9 64
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0306-4522
EI 1873-7544
J9 NEUROSCIENCE
JI Neuroscience
PY 1999
VL 91
IS 1
BP 293
EP 303
DI 10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00609-5
PG 11
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 185FG
UT WOS:000079657000026
PM 10336079
ER
PT B
AU Geron, CD
AF Geron, CD
BE AguirreBravo, C
Franco, CR
TI Forest cover and natural volatile organic compound emissions in North
America
SO NORTH AMERICAN SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM: TOWARD A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK FOR
INVENTORYING AND MONITORING FOREST ECOSYSTEM RESOURCES
SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT North American Science Symposium on Toward a Unified Framework for
Inventorying and Monitoring Forest Ecosystem Resources
CY NOV 01-06, 1998
CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO
SP USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Nacl Investigac Forestales & Agropecuarias, Natl Pk Serv, Univ Autonoma Guadalajara, Long Term Ecol Res, USDA, Gobierno Estado Jalisco, Canadian Forest Serv, Environm Canada, EMCO, Nat Resources Canada, US Dept Interior Geol Survey, SEMARNAP, SAGAR INIFAP
ID UNITED-STATES; MODEL
AB Forest inventory data is important in deriving emission estimates of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) at hourly to annual temporal and tens of square meter to global spatial resolutions. We discuss methods used to adapt remotely sensed data and forest inventories to BVOC emission estimation. Databases employed include USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) and Canadian Ministry of Forests (British Columbia) data, which we use to estimate canopy coverage at species level resolution. The plot level data is also used to speciate 1.1 kilometer gridded remotely sensed classifications of vegetation cover, foliar mass, and leaf area. Developing ecosystem-level emission rates for vegetation categories in existing remotely sensed databases is also discussed. We compare resulting emission and canopy cover estimates from the different approaches at county levels. Due to assumptions made of the composition of the forest cover-types, emission estimates can vary by more than an order of magnitude for the different approaches. We discuss techniques to combine temporal and biophysical measures from remote sensing data with vegetation species information from the survey data. Potential improvements to forest inventories for these and similar applications relating to air pollution exposure are discussed.
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Geron, CD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN
PI FT COLLINS
PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA
J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P
PY 1999
IS 12
BP 126
EP 129
PG 4
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA BP77R
UT WOS:000086142400024
ER
PT B
AU Jones, KB
Wade, TG
Wickham, JD
Riitters, KH
Edmonds, CM
AF Jones, KB
Wade, TG
Wickham, JD
Riitters, KH
Edmonds, CM
BE AguirreBravo, C
Franco, CR
TI Characterizing forest fragmentation and vulnerability based on patch
characteristics
SO NORTH AMERICAN SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM: TOWARD A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK FOR
INVENTORYING AND MONITORING FOREST ECOSYSTEM RESOURCES
SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT North American Science Symposium on Toward a Unified Framework for
Inventorying and Monitoring Forest Ecosystem Resources
CY NOV 01-06, 1998
CL GUADALAJARA, MEXICO
SP USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Nacl Investigac Forestales & Agropecuarias, Natl Pk Serv, Univ Autonoma Guadalajara, Long Term Ecol Res, USDA, Gobierno Estado Jalisco, Canadian Forest Serv, Environm Canada, EMCO, Nat Resources Canada, US Dept Interior Geol Survey, SEMARNAP, SAGAR INIFAP
ID LAND-USE CHANGE; CONNECTIVITY; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; BRAZIL
AB Loss and fragmentation of natural forests due to human activities represents one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity and the sustainability of the biosphere. Although we are aware of declines in natural forests, we lack comprehensive knowledge of the extent and magnitude of forest loss and fragmentation. Moreover, we lack methodology to assess the vulnerability of forests to human activities. This paper highlights a simple a-step method to assess forest fragmentation and vulnerability due to human activities over a range of scales. The method is demonstrated in tropical forest zones of Central America, South America, and Africa, using 1-km global land cover data.
C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
RP Jones, KB (reprint author), US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
NR 29
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN
PI FT COLLINS
PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA
J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P
PY 1999
IS 12
BP 359
EP 366
PG 8
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA BP77R
UT WOS:000086142400060
ER
PT J
AU Opsahl, S
Benner, R
AF Opsahl, S
Benner, R
TI Characterization of carbohydrates during early diagenesis of five
vascular plant tissues
SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE carbohydrates; neutral sugars; early diagenesis; decomposition; vascular
plants; MBTH method
ID ORGANIC-MATTER; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; AQUATIC
ANGIOSPERMS; TROPICAL ESTUARY; MANGROVE LEAVES; NEUTRAL SUGARS;
AMINO-ACIDS; C-13 NMR; DECOMPOSITION
AB Long-term changes in the carbohydrate composition of 5 different vascular plant tissues, including black mangrove leaves and wood (Avicennia germinans), cypress needles and wood (Taxodium distichum) and smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), were measured as these tissues decomposed over a 4 yr period under sub-aqueous conditions. Carbohydrate composition was measured using a molecular-level analysis for neutral sugars and a modified version of the MBTH (3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride) method for colorimetric determination of total carbohydrate yields. Minimal cross contamination from non-carbohydrate vascular plant constituents indicated the MBTH method was highly specific for carbohydrates. The difference between total carbohydrate yields using the MBTH method and total neutral sugar yields revealed a substantial carbohydrate fraction (7-23% of the total plant carbon) in fresh and senescent tissues that was not identified at the molecular level. The molecularly uncharacterized fraction of carbohydrates probably consisted of ketoses, uronic acids and amino sugars.
The decomposition series demonstrated certain features about carbohydrate diagenesis not apparent from previous short-term degradation studies. During the latter phase of decomposition (2-4 yr), selective carbohydrate loss relative to bulk tissue was not evident in 2 of 3 herbaceous tissues. This indicates that carbohydrates may be of similar reactivity as bulk tissue in highly decomposed particulate organic matter. The extent and timing of all compositional changes were tissue dependent, yet certain trends emerged which were consistent with geochemical observations. In herbaceous tissues, both glucose and xylose were selectively degraded while deoxy sugars increased in relative abundance. These changes resulted in an increased abundance of initially minor neutral sugars and a general trend towards a more uniform neutral sugar composition. A clear reduction in carbohydrate yields (mg carbohydrate carbon/100 mg organic carbon) among all tissues provided the most consistent indicator of diagenetic status. Total carbohydrate yields, mole percentages of glucose and percent deoxy sugars in highly degraded herbaceous tissues were similar to those measured in particulate organic matter fractions of major world rivers, and provide diagenetic parameters which link relatively fresh plant tissues to their degraded counterparts in aquatic environments. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA.
US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
RP Benner, R (reprint author), Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, POB 1267, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA.
RI Benner, Ronald/M-4412-2015
OI Benner, Ronald/0000-0002-1238-2777
NR 41
TC 54
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 11
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0146-6380
J9 ORG GEOCHEM
JI Org. Geochem.
PY 1999
VL 30
IS 1
BP 83
EP 94
DI 10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00195-8
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 168XR
UT WOS:000078718900006
ER
PT B
AU Bryant, SD
Guerrini, R
Salvadori, S
Bianchi, C
Tomatis, R
Attila, M
Lazarus, LH
AF Bryant, SD
Guerrini, R
Salvadori, S
Bianchi, C
Tomatis, R
Attila, M
Lazarus, LH
BE Tam, JP
Kaumaya, PTP
TI Opioidmimetic peptides containing alpha-aminoisobutyric acid
SO PEPTIDES: FRONTIERS OF PEPTIDES SCIENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th American Peptide Symposium
CY JUN 14-19, 1997
CL NASHVILLE, TN
SP Amer Peptide Soc, Vanderbilt Univ
ID DELTA-OPIOID RECEPTOR; RESIDUES; RECOGNITION
C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Bryant, SD (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 0-7923-5160-6
PY 1999
BP 473
EP 474
PG 2
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Neurosciences
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Neurosciences
& Neurology
GA BP45W
UT WOS:000085202200206
ER
PT S
AU Johnson, SL
Bailey, JE
AF Johnson, SL
Bailey, JE
BE Brooks, GT
Roberts, TR
TI Pesticide risk management and the United States Food Quality Protection
Act of 1996
SO PESTICIDE CHEMISTRY AND BIOSCIENCE: THE FOOD-ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGE
SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 9th International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry
CY AUG 02-07, 1998
CL LONDON, ENGLAND
SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem (IUPAC), AgrEvo UK Ltd, BASF AG, Bayer AGqqDow AgroSci, Du Pont Agr Prod, JSC Int Ltd, Monsanto Europe, BBSRC etc, Novartis Crop Protect, Switzerland, Novartis Fdn, UK, Rhone Poulence Agro, Soc Chem Ind, Sumitomo Chem Co, Witco OrganoSilicones Grp, Zeneca Agrochem
C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs 7501C, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Johnson, SL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs 7501C, 401 Main St SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 0260-6291
BN 0-85404-709-3
J9 ROY SOC CH
PY 1999
IS 233
BP 411
EP 420
DI 10.1533/9781845698416.9.411
PG 10
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry,
Applied; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry;
Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA BR35X
UT WOS:000166187400031
ER
PT B
AU Allen, HL
Mandel, RM
Torres, M
Crouse, DG
Miller, TF
AF Allen, HL
Mandel, RM
Torres, M
Crouse, DG
Miller, TF
BE Leeson, A
Alleman, BC
TI Anaerobic bioremediation of toxaphene-contaminated soil
SO PHYTOREMEDIATION AND INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES FOR SPECIALIZED REMEDIAL
APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium
CY APR 19-22, 1999
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc
AB For seven years, studies have been conducted to develop an anaerobic solid-phase bioremediation process for removal of toxaphene from soil. Medium development studies in bench-scale reactors indicated that blood meal promoted the rapid degradation of toxaphene under anaerobic conditions. Recipes were developed and evaluated in field studies at three sites in Arizona and New Mexico.
In field studies conducted at the Navajo Vats site, over 75% of the toxaphene residues (291 mg/kg) was degraded in as little as 33 days in nutrient-amended reactors, while there was no change in toxaphene concentration in unamended reactors after 300 days. Additional field studies were conducted at other sites to clean up toxaphene residues. In studies at sites where initial concentrations were 20 mg/kg or higher, toxaphene reduction ranged from 58% to 86%.
Similar results were found in field studies at the Sanders Aviation site. Toxaphene concentrations ranging from 930 to 1,530 mg/kg were reduced by 94% to 95% in 216 days. In recent field studies at the Ojo Caliente Dip Vat site, toxaphene levels (14 mg/kg) were reduced by 70% in as little as 14 days.
C1 US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA.
RP Allen, HL (reprint author), US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU BATTELLE PRESS
PI COLUMBUS
PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA
BN 1-57477-079-9
PY 1999
BP 89
EP 94
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BN63C
UT WOS:000082416500015
ER
PT B
AU Gao, JP
Garrison, AW
Mazur, C
Wolfe, NL
Hoehamer, C
AF Gao, JP
Garrison, AW
Mazur, C
Wolfe, NL
Hoehamer, C
BE Leeson, A
Alleman, BC
TI Phytoremediation of organophosphorous (OP) compounds using axenic plant
tissue cultures and enzyme extracts
SO PHYTOREMEDIATION AND INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES FOR SPECIALIZED REMEDIAL
APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium
CY APR 19-22, 1999
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc
AB The bioremediation of OP compounds (malathion, demeton-s-methyl, ruelene) was investigated in vitro using axenic plant tissue cultures of parrot feather, duckweed, and elodea. The decay profile in all these cases followed first-order kinetics. However, extents and rates of biotransformation were different, depending on both physico-chemical properties of the OP compounds and the nature of the plant species. Malathion exhibited a similar disappearance pattern in all three plants, with 29-48% degradation. The most effective transformation was observed for demeton-s-methyl: less than 1% was recovered in parrot feather and elodea, and about 17% in duck-weed. No significant biotransformation of ruelene occurred in elodea, while 17-24% degraded in the other plants. The results using enzyme extracts derived from duckweed provided strong evidence for a direct degradation relationship between organophosphorous hydrolase (OPH, EC 3.1.8.1) or multiple enzyme systems and OP compounds. This study showed that axenic tissue cultures of several aquatic plants have the enzymatic potential to metabolize OP compounds.
C1 US EPA, Athens, GA USA.
RP Gao, JP (reprint author), US EPA, Athens, GA USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU BATTELLE PRESS
PI COLUMBUS
PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA
BN 1-57477-079-9
PY 1999
BP 151
EP 156
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BN63C
UT WOS:000082416500025
ER
PT J
AU Hart, K
Singh, D
Evans, H
Kincaid, L
Geibig, J
Swanson, M
AF Hart, K
Singh, D
Evans, H
Kincaid, L
Geibig, J
Swanson, M
TI The design for the environment printed wiring board project: A
partnership to identify cleaner technologies
SO PLATING AND SURFACE FINISHING
LA English
DT Article
C1 US EPA, Design Environm Program Ctr, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
Inst Interconnecting & Packaging Elect Circuits, Northbrook, IL USA.
Univ Tennessee, Ctr Clean Prod & Clean Technol, Knoxville, TN USA.
RP Hart, K (reprint author), US EPA, Design Environm Program Ctr, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER ELECTROPLATERS SOC INC
PI ORLANDO
PA 12644 RESEARCH PKWY, ORLANDO, FL 32826-3298 USA
SN 0360-3164
J9 PLAT SURF FINISH
JI Plat. Surf. Finish.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 86
IS 1
BP 46
EP 49
PG 4
WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings &
Films
SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science
GA 299BB
UT WOS:000086175000003
ER
PT J
AU Benane, SG
Nelson, GB
Ross, JA
Blackman, CF
AF Benane, SG
Nelson, GB
Ross, JA
Blackman, CF
TI Benzo[a]pyrene and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene do not alter gap junction
communication in rat liver epithelial cells.
SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article
DE gap junction communication; epigenetic; B[a]P; DB[a,l]P; DNA adducts
ID A/J MOUSE LUNG; INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION;
HUMAN CANCER; DNA; CARCINOGENESIS; SKIN; 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZANTHRACENE;
TUMORIGENICITY; METABOLITES
AB Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P) is more potent than benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in causing tumors in rodents. We investigated the possibility that this higher DB[a,l]P potency involves alterations in gap junction communication (GJC), a cell activity associated with cancer promotion processes. Rat liver epithelial cells, treated with various concentrations up to 50 mu M (0.0126 mg/ml) B[a]P or 40 mu M (0.0121 mg/ml) DB[a,l]P for 24 hours, were examined for changes in GJC; no changes were observed. However, cells treated with the maximum soluble concentrations of these chemicals had between 213 and 378 attomoles of DNA adduct per mu g of DNA. Thus the observed lack of GJC alteration is not attributable to an inability of these cells to metabolize PAHs, and indicates that the different potency exhibited by the two chemicals is not associated with alterations in GJC.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab MD68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Benane, SG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab MD68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM ross.Jeffrey@epamail.epa.gov; Blackman.Carl@epamail.epa.gov
RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010
OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548
NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6638
J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP
JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd.
PY 1999
VL 17
IS 1-4
BP 53
EP 62
DI 10.1080/10406639908020601
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Organic
SC Chemistry
GA 297HE
UT WOS:000086076200007
ER
PT J
AU Wilson, NK
Chuang, JC
Lyu, C
AF Wilson, NK
Chuang, JC
Lyu, C
TI Multimedia concentrations of PAH in several day care centers
SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article
DE PAH; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; day care centers; children;
exposures
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MOUSE SKIN; CANCER; EMISSIONS; INDOOR;
DUST
AB Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured in nine day care centers in the spring of 1997. Indoor and outdoor air, food and beverages, indoor dust, and outdoor play area soil were sampled. The mean sums of 20 target PAH concentrations were 265 and 119 ng/m(3) in indoor and outdoor air, respectively; 3.48 ppm in classroom dust; 1.56 ppm in playground soil; 4.33 ppb in solid food; and 1.38 ppb in liquid food. Large differences in PAH concentrations between the centers were observed only for play area soil, where the mean concentrations at the centers serving primarily low-income clients were as much as 42 times higher than those at the other centers. Potential exposures through the inhalation and ingestion pathways were calculated. The ingestion pathway was most important, especially for the larger 4-7 ring PAH.
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Battelle, Columbus, OH 43201 USA.
Battelle, Durham, NC 27713 USA.
RP Wilson, NK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 23
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 3
PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD
PI READING
PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6638
J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP
JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd.
PY 1999
VL 17
IS 1-4
BP 255
EP 265
DI 10.1080/10406639908020620
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Organic
SC Chemistry
GA 297HE
UT WOS:000086076200026
ER
PT J
AU Allen, JW
Collins, BW
Afshari, AJ
Fuscoe, JC
AF Allen, JW
Collins, BW
Afshari, AJ
Fuscoe, JC
TI Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene induction of erythrocyte micronuclei in A/J and
p53-deficient mice
SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article
DE dibenzo[a,l]pyrene; mouse; erythrocyte; micronucleus
ID TUMOR-INITIATING ACTIVITY; CARCINOGEN DIBENZOPYRENE;
PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; MOUSE SKIN; CELL; BENZOPYRENE
AB Male A/J and C57B1/6 background p53(+/+), p53(+/-) and p53(-/-) mice were treated with dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P), and micronucleus (MN) frequencies were measured in erythrocytes from bone marrow and peripheral blood. MN were also evaluated with an antikinetochore antibody to distinguish whether they were derived from chromosome breakage or from chromosome missegregation. Treatment of A/J mice with 6 mg/kg DB [a,l]P, and harvest of marrow erythrocytes 48 and 72 hrs later, resulted in statistically significant increases in kinetochore-negative MN levels (2.8x and 5.5x control levels, respectively). Treatment of p53(+/+) and p53(-/-) mice with 18 mg/kg DB [a,l]P, and harvest of marrow erythrocytes 48 hrs later, resulted in statistically significant increases in kinetochore-negative MN frequencies (1.9x and 4.2x control levels, respectively). Our results indicate that DB[a,l]P induces moderate levels of chromosome breakage without dose-dependence in erythrocytes, and that p53 protein plays a protective role.
C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Allen, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD
PI READING
PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6638
J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP
JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd.
PY 1999
VL 16
IS 1-4
BP 51
EP 60
DI 10.1080/10406639908020572
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Organic
SC Chemistry
GA 297HD
UT WOS:000086076100007
ER
PT J
AU Davis, C
Desai, D
Amin, S
Nesnow, S
AF Davis, C
Desai, D
Amin, S
Nesnow, S
TI Comparison of the morphological transforming activities of fjord-region
PAHs with dibenzo[a,e]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene
SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article
DE morphological cell transformation; fjord-region PAHs
ID ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGEN DIBENZOPYRENE; TUMOR-INITIATING ACTIVITY;
MOUSE SKIN; METABOLISM; CELLS
AB The morphological transforming activities in mouse embryo C3H10T1/2CL8 (C3H10T1/2) cells were examined for six PAHs: benzo [c]chrysene (B [c] C); benzo [g]chrysene (B [g]C); benzo [c]phenanthrene (B[c]P); dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P); dibenzo[a,e]pyrene (DB[a,e]P) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). C3H10T1/2 cells treated with B [c]P or B[g]C at concentrations of 0-3 mu g/ml did not produce any transformed Type II or III foci after 24 hr of exposure. Concurrent cytotoxicity was observed. Under the same conditions, B[a]P and B[c]C were active, with B[c]C approximately one-half the activity of B[a]P. However, after a 48-hr treatment, B [c]P and B [g]C gave significant activity measured as both foci/dish or the number of dishes exhibiting foci. After a 24-hr treatment, comparison of B[a]P with two dibenzopyrenes, DB[a,l]P and DB[a,e]P, gave activities in the order: DB [a, l]P > B [a]P > DB[a, e]P. After 48 hr of treatment, both B[a]P and DB[a,e]P had similar activities.
C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Amer Hlth Fdn, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA.
RP Davis, C (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD
PI READING
PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6638
J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP
JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd.
PY 1999
VL 16
IS 1-4
BP 141
EP 149
DI 10.1080/10406639908020581
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Organic
SC Chemistry
GA 297HD
UT WOS:000086076100016
ER
PT J
AU Nesnow, S
Davis, C
Padgett, W
George, M
Lambert, G
Adams, L
King, L
AF Nesnow, S
Davis, C
Padgett, W
George, M
Lambert, G
Adams, L
King, L
TI Biotransformation and DNA adduct formation of
trans-8,9-dihydroxy-8,9-dihydrodibenzo[a,l]pyrene by induced rat liver
and human CYP1A1 microsomes
SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article
DE metabolism; dibenzo[a,l]pyrene; bis-diols; DNA adducts
ID TUMOR-INITIATING ACTIVITY; MOUSE SKIN; CARCINOGEN DIBENZOPYRENE;
METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; BENZOPYRENE; 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZANTHRACENE;
TUMORIGENICITY; MUTATIONS; LUNG
AB In order to explain the adduct patterns observed from the human CYP1A1-mediated binding of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB [a,l]P) to DNA, we have investigated the further metabolism and DNA adduct activity of trans-DB [a,l]P-8,9-diol by induced rat liver and human CYP1A1 microsomes. trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol was synthesized and metabolic studies with beta-naphthoflavone-induced rat liver microsomes indicated three major metabolites: 2 diastereomers of trans, trans-8,9,11,12-tetrahydro-8,9, 11,12-tetrahydroxy-DB [a,l]P and 8,9,13,14-tetrahydro-8,9,13,14-tetrahydroxy-DB[a,l]P. DB[a,l]P when activated by CYP1A1/epoxide hydrase (EH) and calf thymus DNA gave a complex pattern of DNA adducts most of which cochromatograph with syn- and anti-DB[a,l]P fjord region diol epoxide-DNA standards. Two highly polar eluting adducts were also observed, one which cochromatographs with the single major DNA adduct obtained from the CYP1A1/EH activation of trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol. The relative retention time of this adduct suggests either a bis-diol epoxide adduct or a more polar diol epoxide adduct.
C1 US EPA, Biochem & Pathobiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Nesnow, S (reprint author), US EPA, Biochem & Pathobiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD
PI READING
PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6638
J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP
JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd.
PY 1999
VL 16
IS 1-4
BP 181
EP 190
DI 10.1080/10406639908020585
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Organic
SC Chemistry
GA 297HD
UT WOS:000086076100020
ER
PT J
AU Little, SB
Rabinowitz, JR
Wei, P
Yang, WT
AF Little, SB
Rabinowitz, JR
Wei, P
Yang, WT
TI A comparison of calculated and experimental geometries for crowded
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites.
SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article
DE crowded bay region; quantum mechanics
ID REGION DIOL-EPOXIDES; FJORD-REGION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MOUSE SKIN;
7,12-DIMETHYLBENZANTHRACENE; DIBENZOPYRENE; BENZOPYRENE;
MUTAGENICITY; REACTIVITIES; DISTORTIONS
AB It has become useful to consider the subclass of PAHs with a crowded bay region because of similar biological activity within the subclass. Crowding in the bay region of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon results in a twisted molecular geometry. The purpose of this study is to help gauge the utility of various computational methods for determining the molecular geometry of molecules in this subclass and their metabolites. The results from serm-empirical methods AM1 and PM3, ab initio Hartree-Fock methods and density functional methods will be compared to experimentally determined geometries for crowded PAHs. It will be seen that excellent geometries for all local minimum energy structures are obtained from semi-empirical methods. More exact and computationally extensive methods yield equivalent or somewhat better results only with good basis sets. However, methods disagree on the relative energies of the isomers of diol-epoxides.
C1 US EPA, BPB, ECD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27706 USA.
RP Little, SB (reprint author), US EPA, BPB, ECD, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RI Yang, Weitao/C-1109-2008
NR 26
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 3
PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD
PI READING
PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6638
J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP
JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd.
PY 1999
VL 14
BP 53
EP 61
DI 10.1080/10406639908019111
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Organic
SC Chemistry
GA 297HC
UT WOS:000086076000007
ER
PT B
AU Young, D
Cabezas, H
AF Young, D
Cabezas, H
BE Friedler, F
Klemes, J
TI The waste reduction (WAR) algorithm: Environmental impacts, energy
consumption, and engineering economics
SO PRES '99: 2ND CONFERENCE ON PROCESS INTEGRATION, MODELLING AND
OPTIMISATION FOR ENERGY SAVING AND POLLUTION REDUCTION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd Conference on Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for
Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction (PRES 99)
CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 1999
CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY
ID CHEMICAL PROCESS SIMULATORS; METHODOLOGY; NETWORKS
AB A general theory known as the WAste Reduction (WAR) algorithm has been developed to describe the now and the generation of potential environmental impact through a chemical process. The theory defines potential environmental impact indexes that characterize the generation and the output of potential impact from a process. The potential environmental impact indexes are calculated from stream mass flow rates, stream composition, and a relative potential environmental impact score for each chemical present. The impact scores for each chemical incorporate a comprehensive set of environmental effects ranging from ozone depletion potential to human toxicity potential to ecotoxicity potential. An extensive database of these scores has been constructed for approximately 1,600 different chemicals. The existing theory has been extended to include the potential environmental impact of the energy consumed in a process. Energy will have both an environmental impact as well as an economic impact on process design and analysis. Including energy into the analysis of environmental impact is done by rewriting the system boundaries to include the power plant which supplies the energy being consumed by the process and incorporating the environmental effects of the power plant into the analysis. The effect of this addition on the original potential impact indexes will be discussed. An extensive engineering economic evaluation has been included in the process analysis which inherently contains the cost of the consumed energy as an operating cost. A case study is presented which includes a base process design and two modifications to the base design. Each design is analyzed from an economic perspective and an environmental impact perspective. The environmental impact analysis is partitioned into the impacts of the non-product streams and the impacts of the energy generation/consumption process. The comparisons of these analysis procedures illustrate the consequences of the analysis procedures for decision making in the design of environmentally friendly processes.
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Environm Protect Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Syst Anal Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Young, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Environm Protect Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Syst Anal Branch, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU HUNGARIAN CHEMICAL SOC
PI BUDAPEST
PA FO UTCA 68, H-1027 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY
BN 963-8192-87-9
PY 1999
BP 713
EP 718
PG 6
WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BS03X
UT WOS:000168410700113
ER
PT S
AU Kennedy, CJ
Giraud-Carrier, C
Bristol, DW
AF Kennedy, CJ
Giraud-Carrier, C
Bristol, DW
BE Zytkow, JM
Rauch, J
TI Predicting chemical carcinogenesis using structural information only
SO PRINCIPLES OF DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY
SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd European Conference on Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge
Discovery in Databases (PKDD 99)
CY SEP 15-18, 1999
CL UNIV ECON, LAB INTELLIGENT SYST, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC
SP Komercni Banka
HO UNIV ECON, LAB INTELLIGENT SYST
AB This paper reports on the application of the Strongly Typed Evolutionary Programming System (STEPS) to the PTE2 challenge, which consists of predicting the carcinogenic activity of chemical compounds from their molecular structure and the outcomes of a number of laboratory analyses. Most contestants so fax have relied heavily on results of short term toxicity (STT) assays. Using both types of information made available, most models incorporate attributes that make them strongly dependent on STT results. Although such models may prove to be accurate and informative, the use of toxicological information requires time cost and in some cases substantial utilisation of laboratory animals. If toxicological information only makes explicit, properties implicit in the molecular structure of chemicals, then provided a sufficiently expressive representation language, accurate solutions may be obtained from the structural information only. Such solutions may offer more tangible insight into the mechanistic paths and features that govern chemical toxicity as well as prediction based on virtual chemistry for the universe of compounds.
C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Comp Sci, Bristol BS8 1UB, Avon, England.
Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Univ Bristol, Dept Comp Sci, Merchant Venturers Bldg, Bristol BS8 1UB, Avon, England.
EM kennedy@cs.bris.ac.uk; cgc@cs.bris.ac.uk; U.S.A.bristol@niehs.nih.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0302-9743
BN 3-540-66490-4
J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT
PY 1999
VL 1704
BP 360
EP 365
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
SC Computer Science
GA BS61Q
UT WOS:000170570600043
ER
PT J
AU Spiegel, RJ
Gilchrist, T
House, DE
AF Spiegel, RJ
Gilchrist, T
House, DE
TI Fuel cell bus operation at high altitude
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART A-JOURNAL OF
POWER AND ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE fuel cell; bus
AB In an effort both to address air quality problems relating to vehicle emissions in Mexico City and to ascertain the effects of the environment (air pollution and high altitude) on the operating characteristics of fuel cell powered vehicles, a seminar/exposition and a demonstration on clean vehicles were held in Mexico City in June 1997. The seminar and exposition addressed the state of the art of several clean vehicle technologies, including one of the most promising: the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell engine. The demonstration consisted of the display and operation of the world's first full-size, zero emission, PEM fuel cell powered transit bus, which was built by Ballard Power Systems. This paper describes the bus performance in the atmospheric environment of Mexico City.
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Spiegel, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Air Pollut Prevent & Control Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 1
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD
PI BURY ST EDMUNDS
PA NORTHGATE AVENUE,, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND
SN 0957-6509
J9 P I MECH ENG A-J POW
JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part A-J. Power Energy
PY 1999
VL 213
IS A1
BP 57
EP 68
DI 10.1243/0957650991537437
PG 12
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA 186TC
UT WOS:000079744200007
ER
PT J
AU Borgwardt, RH
AF Borgwardt, RH
TI Transportation fuel from cellulosic biomass: a comparative assessment of
ethanol and methanol options
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART A-JOURNAL OF
POWER AND ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ethanol; methanol; biomass
ID BIOENERGY
AB Future sources of renewable fuel energy will be needed to supplement or displace petroleum. Biomass can be converted to ethanol or methanol, both having good properties as a motor fuel, but requiring distinctly different production technologies. Those technologies are compared in terms of production cost, potential for petroleum displacement and effectiveness for management of greenhouse gas emissions. Supply curves that relate the crop price to the national biomass production potential are crucial to the comparison. The higher delivered cost of biomass that would be acceptable as feedstock for methanol production, plus the increased conversion efficiency and lower production cost that can be obtained by use of natural gas as a co-feedstock, are major factors favouring methanol. The overall net carbon dioxide emission reduction and petroleum-displacement potential of methanol produced in a single process from biomass and natural gas in the United States are nine times those of two separate processes that would produce ethanol. from the same amount of biomass and methanol from the same amount of natural gas.
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Borgwardt, RH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 16
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD
PI BURY ST EDMUNDS
PA NORTHGATE AVENUE,, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND
SN 0957-6509
J9 P I MECH ENG A-J POW
JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part A-J. Power Energy
PY 1999
VL 213
IS A5
BP 399
EP 407
DI 10.1243/0957650991537770
PG 9
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA 257ZH
UT WOS:000083813000006
ER
PT J
AU Ostrowski, LE
Andrews, KL
Potdar, PD
Nettesheim, P
AF Ostrowski, LE
Andrews, KL
Potdar, PD
Nettesheim, P
TI Ciliated-cell differentiation and gene expression
SO PROTOPLASMA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International Malpighi Symposium
CY APR 15-17, 1998
CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA
DE cilia; dynein; epithelium; trachea; differentiation; cloning
ID DYNEIN HEAVY-CHAIN
AB Ciliated cells play an integral role in the defense mechanisms of the respiratory system. By the coordinated beating of their cilia they provide the force necessary to clear potentially harmful material from the airways. We have been investigating the regulation of ciliated-cell differentiation and gene expression. Using a culture system that allows us to positively or negatively regulate the development of the ciliated-cell phenotype, we have previously reported that the expression of axonemal dynein heavy chain mRNAs are regulated in parallel with the development of ciliated cells. To identify other genes important to the development or function of ciliated cells, differential display was used to compare mRNA isolated from cultures of ciliated or nonciliated rat tracheal epithelial cells. Two novel genes, KPL1 and KPL2, have been identified whose expression is increased in parallel with ciliated-cell differentiation. Two transcripts of KPL1 are expressed in a tissue-specific pattern; KPL1 is particularly highly expressed in brain. The sequence of KPL1 predicts a 188 or 223 amino acid protein which contains a pleckstrin homology domain. Pleckstrin homology domains have been shown to bind inositolphosphates and G-proteins and function as signal-dependent membrane adapters. KPL1 therefore may function in a signal transduction pathway important to the development or maintenance of the ciliated-cell phenotype. KPL2 shows more limited distribution and is predominantly expressed in tissues which contain axonemes. KPL2 is predicted to encode a 1744 amino acid protein which contains many functional motifs, including nuclear localization signals, an ATP-binding domain, a proline-rich region, and a calponin homology domain. KPL2 may thus be involved in transmitting signals to the nucleus during ciliated-cell differentiation.
C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
RP Ostrowski, LE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Cyst Fibrosis Pulm Res & Treatment Ctr, 6019 Thurston Bowles Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN
PI VIENNA
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0033-183X
J9 PROTOPLASMA
JI Protoplasma
PY 1999
VL 206
IS 4
BP 245
EP 248
DI 10.1007/BF01288212
PG 4
WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology
GA 199RG
UT WOS:000080495000008
ER
PT B
AU Goodrich, JA
Lykins, BW
Haught, RC
Li, SY
AF Goodrich, JA
Lykins, BW
Haught, RC
Li, SY
BE Cotruvo, JA
Craun, GF
Hearne, N
TI Bag filtration for small systems
SO PROVIDING SAFE DRINKING WATER IN SMALL SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGY, OPERATIONS,
AND ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Symposium on the Technology, Operations and Economics
of Providing Safe Drinking Water in Small Systems
CY MAY 10-13, 1998
CL WASHINGTON, D.C.
SP Pan Amer Hlth Org, WHO, US EPA - NRMRL, Natl Water Res Inst, Hlth Canada, World Water All, Natl Rural Water Assoc, Chlorine Chem Council, Water Quality Assoc - World Assembly Div, Elect Power Res Inst, Fdn Water Res, Natl Drinking Water Clearinghouse, Amer Water Works Assoc, Natl Environm Training Ctr Small Communities, World Bank
C1 US EPA, Water Qual Management Branch, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Goodrich, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Water Qual Management Branch, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 1-56670-393-X
PY 1999
BP 265
EP 271
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental
Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health
GA BN17F
UT WOS:000080929100031
ER
PT B
AU Haught, RC
Panguluri, S
AF Haught, RC
Panguluri, S
BE Cotruvo, JA
Craun, GF
Hearne, N
TI Selection and management of remote telemetry systems for monitoring and
operation of small drinking water treatment plants
SO PROVIDING SAFE DRINKING WATER IN SMALL SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGY, OPERATIONS,
AND ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Symposium on the Technology, Operations and Economics
of Providing Safe Drinking Water in Small Systems
CY MAY 10-13, 1998
CL WASHINGTON, D.C.
SP Pan Amer Hlth Org, WHO, US EPA - NRMRL, Natl Water Res Inst, Hlth Canada, World Water All, Natl Rural Water Assoc, Chlorine Chem Council, Water Quality Assoc - World Assembly Div, Elect Power Res Inst, Fdn Water Res, Natl Drinking Water Clearinghouse, Amer Water Works Assoc, Natl Environm Training Ctr Small Communities, World Bank
C1 US EPA, Water Qual Management Branch, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Haught, RC (reprint author), US EPA, Water Qual Management Branch, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 1-56670-393-X
PY 1999
BP 395
EP 404
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental
Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health
GA BN17F
UT WOS:000080929100047
ER
PT B
AU Lieberman, RJ
Bender, JH
Bissonette, EM
Hegg, BA
DeMers, LD
AF Lieberman, RJ
Bender, JH
Bissonette, EM
Hegg, BA
DeMers, LD
BE Cotruvo, JA
Craun, GF
Hearne, N
TI Area-wide treatment optimization programs achieve broad-scale
improvements in drinking water quality
SO PROVIDING SAFE DRINKING WATER IN SMALL SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGY, OPERATIONS,
AND ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Symposium on the Technology, Operations and Economics
of Providing Safe Drinking Water in Small Systems
CY MAY 10-13, 1998
CL WASHINGTON, D.C.
SP Pan Amer Hlth Org, WHO, US EPA - NRMRL, Natl Water Res Inst, Hlth Canada, World Water All, Natl Rural Water Assoc, Chlorine Chem Council, Water Quality Assoc - World Assembly Div, Elect Power Res Inst, Fdn Water Res, Natl Drinking Water Clearinghouse, Amer Water Works Assoc, Natl Environm Training Ctr Small Communities, World Bank
C1 US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Tech Support Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Lieberman, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ground Water & Drinking Water, Tech Support Ctr, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 1-56670-393-X
PY 1999
BP 477
EP 483
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental
Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health
GA BN17F
UT WOS:000080929100056
ER
PT B
AU Metzger, PC
AF Metzger, PC
BE Cotruvo, JA
Craun, GF
Hearne, N
TI How the "tapestry" of integrated provisions in the new Safe Drinking
Water Act can benefit small systems
SO PROVIDING SAFE DRINKING WATER IN SMALL SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGY, OPERATIONS,
AND ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Symposium on the Technology, Operations and Economics
of Providing Safe Drinking Water in Small Systems
CY MAY 10-13, 1998
CL WASHINGTON, D.C.
SP Pan Amer Hlth Org, WHO, US EPA - NRMRL, Natl Water Res Inst, Hlth Canada, World Water All, Natl Rural Water Assoc, Chlorine Chem Council, Water Quality Assoc - World Assembly Div, Elect Power Res Inst, Fdn Water Res, Natl Drinking Water Clearinghouse, Amer Water Works Assoc, Natl Environm Training Ctr Small Communities, World Bank
C1 US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Metzger, PC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, 401 M St SW,Mail Code 4101, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 1-56670-393-X
PY 1999
BP 593
EP 600
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental
Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health
GA BN17F
UT WOS:000080929100070
ER
PT J
AU Ivkovich, D
Collins, KL
Eckerman, CO
Krasnegor, NA
Stanton, ME
AF Ivkovich, D
Collins, KL
Eckerman, CO
Krasnegor, NA
Stanton, ME
TI Classical delay eyeblink conditioning in 4- and 5-month-old human
infants
SO PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Human Classical Eyeblink Conditioning, at the 1998 Meeting
of the American-Psychological-Society
CY MAY, 1998
CL WASHINGTON, D.C.
SP Amer Psychol Soc
ID INTERSTIMULUS-INTERVAL; RAT; ONTOGENY
AB Simple delay classical eyeblink conditioning, using a tone conditioned stimulus (CS) and airpuff unconditioned stimulus (US), was studied in cross-sectional samples of 4- and 5-month-old healthy, full-term infants. Infants received two identical training sessions, 1 week apart. Ar both ages, infants experiencing paired tones and air-puffs demonstrated successful conditioning over two sessions, relative to control subjects who had unpaired training. Conditioning was not evident, however, during the first session. Two additional groups of 5-month-olds received varied experiences during Session 1, either unpaired presentations of the CS and US or no stimulus exposure, followed by paired conditioning during Session 2. Results from these groups suggest that the higher level of conditioning observed following two sessions of paired conditioning was not the result of familiarity with the testing environment or the stimuli involved but, rather; the result of retention of associative learning not expressed during the first conditioning session.
C1 Duke Univ, Dept Expt Psychol, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Ivkovich, D (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Expt Psychol, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
NR 21
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 0
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS
PI MALDEN
PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA
SN 0956-7976
J9 PSYCHOL SCI
JI Psychol. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 10
IS 1
BP 4
EP 8
DI 10.1111/1467-9280.00097
PG 5
WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Psychology
GA 167GT
UT WOS:000078624700002
ER
PT J
AU Grange, AH
Sovocool, GW
AF Grange, AH
Sovocool, GW
TI Determination of elemental compositions by high resolution mass
spectrometry without mass calibrants
SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PEAK PROFILES; IONS
AB Perfluorokerosene can almost always be used as the mass calibrant for ions produced through electron impact ionization of compounds introduced into a mass spectrometer in the gas phase. Unfortunately, no completely universal calibrant Is available for ions created by electrospray ionization (ESI) or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) of analytes introduced into a mass spectrometer in the liquid phase. ESI and APCI generally provide less sensitivity than electron impact ionization of compounds introduced in the gas phase and a portion of the weaker total signal must arise from calibrant ions. Solvent conditions must be found that provide ions from both the calibrant and analytes, or an alternative Bow to the ionization region must be provided for the calibrant solution. These problems were avoided by developing a methodology to determine elemental compositions of ions without using mass calibrants. The methodology utilizes the ability of double focusing mass spectrometers to accurately measure relative abundances of ions and exact mass differences between ions. This approach should simplify analyses of environmental samples that contain mixtures of compounds not amenable to gas chromatography or volatilization from a probe. From one to five steps were used. First, from mass peak profiles of the molecular ion or protonated molecular ion, [M](+), and the [M + 1](+) and [M + 2](+) ions, abundances for the [M + 1](+) and [M + 2](+) profiles relative to the [M](+) profile were determined. The [M + 1](+) and [M + 2](+) profiles resulted from the heavier isotopes of the elements in [M](+), and the profile abundances limited the number of possible elemental compositions for [M](+). Then, to determine if [M](+) contained N atoms, the [M + 1](+) profile was observed with sufficiently high mass resolution to at least partially resolve the profiles of ions containing a N-15 or a C-13 atom. Next, for a prominent fragment ion, [F](+), relative abundances of the [F + 1](+) and [F + 2]+ profiles were also determined, and the [F + 1](+) profile was inspected for a profile due to N-15 atoms to provide a shorter list of possible compositions for [F](+). The lists for [M](+) and [F](+) were compared, and [M](+) compositions that could not produce any possible compositions of [F](+) were rejected, as were [F](+) compositions that could not arise from any possible composition of [M](+). Fourth, exact mass differences between ions were obtained from three mass peak profiles by referencing an unknown exact mass difference against a known exact mass difference. Exact mass differences between [M](+) and [F](+) ions provided compositions of neutral losses from [M](+). Only compositions of [M](+) that could lose the observed neutral loss to provide possible compositions of [F](+) remained viable.
Finally, if multiple compositions of [M](+) were still possible, profiles were obtained for [M](+) and two fragment ions resulting from known neutral losses using theoretical exact masses based on each [M](+) composition as the center masses of the three profiles. When the calibration mass option was not used in the multiple ion detector (MID) descriptor, three centered profiles were obtained only for the correct composition. This methodology was demonstrated for seven compounds with molecular weights between 159 and 318 Da. For the lowest-mass compound, only the first step was required to obtain the correct composition of [M](+) while, for the other compounds, two or more steps were needed. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 US EPA, NERL, Div Environm Sci, Environm Chem Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
RP Grange, AH (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Div Environm Sci, Environm Chem Branch, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
EM grange.andrew@epamial.epa.gov
NR 18
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND
SN 0951-4198
J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP
JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 8
BP 673
EP 686
DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19990430)13:8<673::AID-RCM540>3.0.CO;2-2
PG 14
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy
SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA 188KA
UT WOS:000079844300007
ER
PT S
AU Brown, M
Keys, K
AF Brown, M
Keys, K
BE Podio, FL
TI Communication of CD-R characteristics such as data integrity, media
reliability, and life expectancy to application developers and data
users
SO RECENT ADVANCES IN METROLOGY, CHARACTERIZATION, AND STANDARDS FOR
OPTICAL DIGITAL DATA DISKS
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
(SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Recent Advances in Metrology, Characterization, and
Standards for Optical Digital Data Disks
CY JUL 21-22, 1999
CL DENVER, CO
SP SPIE, Informat Technol Lab/Natl Inst Stand & Technol
DE data integrity; media reliability; life expectancy; CD-R; DVD-R; Orange
Book; Superfund; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response (OERR); characteristic information
AB Communication to application developers and data users of CD-R characteristics such as data integrity, media reliability and life expectancy should be considered as engineers create optical storage media that can store more data. Though the point of view of this paper is primarily based on the views of a few experienced CD-R end-users, optical engineers should consider implementation of the following design recommendations explained in this paper. The authors' extensive experience in using CD-R technology and their substantial interaction with other CD-R users provides a rare perspective on CD-R characteristic information.
Although this paper is directed to optical engineers, it is written with the expectation that a broader readership will also benefit from the information presented. The paper presents to the engineering community potential methods of communicating CD-R characteristics with an emphasis on the types of information that would be useful to CD-R users.
C1 US EPA, Crystal City, VA 22202 USA.
RP Brown, M (reprint author), US EPA, Crystal City, VA 22202 USA.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 0-8194-3292-X
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 1999
VL 3806
BP 142
EP 151
DI 10.1117/12.371156
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Instruments &
Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics
SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science;
Optics
GA BP33Y
UT WOS:000084757000018
ER
PT J
AU Breen, JG
Claggett, TW
Kimmel, GL
Kimmel, CA
AF Breen, JG
Claggett, TW
Kimmel, GL
Kimmel, CA
TI Heat shock during rat embryo development in vitro results in decreased
mitosis and abundant cell death
SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE hyperthermia; apoptosis; skeletal defects; cell cycle; mitosis
ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; SEGMENTAL ANOMALIES; DEVELOPMENT INVITRO;
CHICK-EMBRYO; HYPERTHERMIA; CYCLE; INDUCTION; TERATOGEN; EXPOSURE;
EXPRESSION
AB Epidemiologic studies strongly suggest that in utero exposure to hyperthermia results in developmental defects in humans, Rats, mice, guinea pigs, and other species exposed to hyperthermia also exhibit a variety of developmental defects. Studies in our laboratory have focused on exposure to hyperthermia on Gestation Day (GD) 10 of rats in vivo or in vitro. Within 24 h after in vivo or in vitro exposure, delayed or abnormal CNS, optic cup, somite, and limb development can be observed. At birth, only rib and vertebral malformations are seen after hyperthermia on GD 10, and these have been shown to be due to alterations in somite segmentation. Unsegmented somites have been thought to result from a cell-cycle block in the presomitic mesoderm, from which somites emerge individually during normal development. In the present study, DNA fragmentation (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) catalyzed fluorescein-12-dUTP DNA end-labelling), indicative of apoptotic cell death, and changes in cell proliferation were examined in vitro in 37 degrees C control and heat treated (42 degrees C for 15 min) GD 10 CD rat embryos. Embryos were returned to 37 degrees C culture following exposure and evaluated 5, 8, or 18 h later. A temperature-related increase in TdT labelled cells was observed in the CNS, optic vesicle, neural tube, and somites, Increased cell death in the presomitic mesoderm also was evident. Changes in cell proliferation were examined using the cell-specific abundance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the quantification of mitotic figures. In neuroectodermal cells in the region of the optic cup, a change in the abundance of PCNA was not apparent, but a marked decrease in mitotic figures was observed. A significant change in cell proliferation in somites was not detected by either method. These results suggest that acute hyperthermia disrupts embryonic development through a combination of inappropriate cell death and/or altered cell proliferation in discrete regions of the developing rat embryo. Furthermore, postnatal vertebral and rib defects following disrupted somite development may be due, in part, to abundant cell death occurring in the presomitic mesoderm. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc.
C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, NCEAW 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
Pathol Associates Int, Frederick, MD USA.
US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20857 USA.
RP Kimmel, CA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, NCEAW 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 25
TC 23
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0890-6238
J9 REPROD TOXICOL
JI Reprod. Toxicol.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 1
BP 31
EP 39
DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(98)00056-2
PG 9
WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology
SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology
GA 169UG
UT WOS:000078766700003
PM 10080297
ER
PT J
AU Chahoud, I
Buschmann, J
Clark, R
Druga, A
Falke, H
Faqi, A
Hansen, E
Heinrich-Hirsch, B
Hellwig, J
Lingk, W
Parkinson, M
Paumgartten, FJR
Pfeil, R
Platzek, T
Scialli, AR
Seed, J
Stahlmann, R
Ulbrich, B
Wu, XD
Yasuda, M
Younes, M
Solecki, R
AF Chahoud, I
Buschmann, J
Clark, R
Druga, A
Falke, H
Faqi, A
Hansen, E
Heinrich-Hirsch, B
Hellwig, J
Lingk, W
Parkinson, M
Paumgartten, FJR
Pfeil, R
Platzek, T
Scialli, AR
Seed, J
Stahlmann, R
Ulbrich, B
Wu, XD
Yasuda, M
Younes, M
Solecki, R
TI Classification terms in developmental toxicology: Need for harmonisation
- Report of the Second Workshop on the Terminology in Developmental
Toxicology Berlin, 27-28 August 1998
SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd Workshop on the Terminology in Developmental Toxicology
CY AUG 27-28, 1998
CL BERLIN, GERMANY
DE harmonisation; classification; terminology; reproductive toxicology;
developmental toxicology; malformation; variation; foetal abnormalities
AB The existence of ambiguities and inconsistencies in the use of terms for structural anomalies is a major problem in developmental toxicology and causes great difficulties for administrative decision makers involved in public health evaluation of chemical substances, The absence of harmonisation of terminology is no longer acceptable for regulatory purposes. The debate is unending, however, refinement and consensus are indispensable. This article is a report of the Second Workshop on Terminology in Developmental Toxicology. Experts from research institutions, regulatory agencies, and industries took part in this workshop, which has started a process of discussion that eventually will lead to a harmonisation of terminology used for classification of structural anomalies. The participants put forward a scheme of classification for foetal abnormalities that consists of only two categories: "malformation and variation." Finally, consensus was achieved in defining the terms malformation and variation. Malformation is defined as a permanent structural change that is likely to adversely affect the survival or health of the species under investigation. The term variation is defined as a change that occurs within the normal population under investigation and is unlikely to adversely affect survival or health. This change might include a delay in growth or morphogenesis that has otherwise followed a normal pattern of development. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc.
C1 Free Univ Berlin, Inst Klin Pharmakol & Toxikol, Abt Toxikol, Dept Toxicol, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
Inst Toxicol & Aerosol Res, Hannover, Germany.
Inst Drug Res Ltd, Budapest, Hungary.
Board Authorisat Pesticides, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Fed Inst Hlth Protect Consumers & Vet Med, Berlin, Germany.
BASF AG, Dept Toxicol, D-6700 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
Glaxo Wellcome Co, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
Oswaldo Cruz Fdn, Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Lab Environm Toxicol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
Fed Inst Drugs & Med Devices, Berlin, Germany.
Natl Evaluat Ctr Toxicol Fertil Drugs, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
Hiroshima Sch Med, Dept Anat, Hiroshima, Japan.
World Hlth Org, Int Programme Chem Safety, Geneva, Switzerland.
RP Chahoud, I (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Klin Pharmakol & Toxikol, Abt Toxikol, Dept Toxicol, Garystr 5, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
NR 3
TC 78
Z9 79
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0890-6238
J9 REPROD TOXICOL
JI Reprod. Toxicol.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1999
VL 13
IS 1
BP 77
EP 82
DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(98)00060-4
PG 6
WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology
SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology
GA 169UG
UT WOS:000078766700009
PM 10080303
ER
PT J
AU Lipnick, RL
AF Lipnick, RL
TI Correlative and mechanistic QSAR models in toxicology
SO SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE correlative; mechanistic; QSAR; EPA; history; aquatic
ID TOXICITY; NARCOSIS; ALCOHOLS
AB An outline is provided on the development and use of correlative and mechanistic approaches to predictive toxicology, with particular emphasis on the experience at the U.S. EPA as applied to assessing the potential hazard posed by new industrial chemicals for which little or no test data are provided under the Toxic Substances Control Act. This information is presented with a historical perspective.
C1 US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Lipnick, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 22
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 5
PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD
PI READING
PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 1062-936X
J9 SAR QSAR ENVIRON RES
JI SAR QSAR Environ. Res.
PY 1999
VL 10
IS 2-3
BP 239
EP 248
DI 10.1080/10629369908039178
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary
Applications; Environmental Sciences; Mathematical & Computational
Biology; Toxicology
SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology
GA 234JY
UT WOS:000082482000010
PM 10491852
ER
PT S
AU Sagui, C
Darden, TA
AF Sagui, C
Darden, TA
BE Pratt, LR
Hummer, G
TI P3M and PME: a comparison of the two methods
SO SIMULATION AND THEORY OF ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS IN SOLUTION:
COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, BIOPHYSICS, AND AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on Treatment of Electrostatic Interactions in Computer
Simulations of Condensed Media
CY JUN 23-25, 1999
CL SANTA FE, NM
SP Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Utah, Henry Eyring Ctr Theoret Chem
ID PARTICLE MESH EWALD; SYSTEMS; SUMS
AB The PME approach to Ewald summation is based on local spline ap proximation of the complex exponentials appearing in the Ewald reciprocal sum. In this paper we show how the optimal influence function of Hockney and Eastwood can be easily derived using this approach. This result is used to explain why the force-interpolated PME method using least-squares spline approximation has the same accuracy as force-interpolated P3M.
C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Sagui, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
NR 13
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 1-56396-906-8
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 1999
VL 492
BP 104
EP 113
DI 10.1063/1.1301523
PG 10
WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics,
Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Physics
GA BP14C
UT WOS:000084221000005
ER
PT J
AU Whitford, WG
AF Whitford, WG
TI Seasonal and diurnal activity patterns in ant communities in a
vegetation transition region of southeastern New Mexico (Hymenoptera :
Formicidae)
SO SOCIOBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB The densities of active ant colonies were estimated in three habitats: creosotebush shrubland, grassland, and shinnery-oak mesquite dunes. Diurnal foraging patterns were studied at bait boards. Species richness of ant communities in this transitional region (8-12 species) was considerably lower than Chihuahuan Desert ant communities in an area with lower annual average rainfall. The numerically dominant species was Forelius pruinosus. Crematogaster spp. was subdominant in all of the habitats and exhibited relatively constant activity throughout the growing season. Harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex spp. exhibited different seasonal activity patterns in the three habitats. One species, Trachymyrmex septentrionalis, was not recorded until October, when its nests were conspicuous with discarded leaf fragments around the entrances. Several species of ants feeding at bait board extended their foraging times in comparison to colonies of the same species too distant from the bait boards for foragers to reach the baits. Only one species (Pogonomyrmex apache) exhibited a high-tolerance foraging behavior, by initiating foraging at the bait boards after soil surface temperatures exceeded 40 degrees C and other species had ceased foraging. Foraging activity of most species continued throughout the day when cloud cover reduced soil surface temperatures to 40 degrees C during midday.
C1 US EPA, ODC,NERL, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
RP Whitford, WG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
NR 23
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 6
PU CALIF STATE UNIV
PI CHICO
PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA
SN 0361-6525
J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY
JI Sociobiology
PY 1999
VL 34
IS 3
BP 477
EP 491
PG 15
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 238ZG
UT WOS:000082744200006
ER
PT J
AU Whitford, GG
AF Whitford, GG
TI Effects of habitat characteristics on the abundance and activity of
subterranean termites in arid southeastern New Mexico (Isoptera)
SO SOCIOBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CHIHUAHUAN DESERT ECOSYSTEMS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; DECOMPOSITION
AB Amitermes wheeleri was the most abundant termite species in most of the habitats. Gnathamitermes tubiformans was the most abundant subterranean termite species in habitats dominated by creosotebush, Larrea tridentata. Subterranean termite abundance measured by numbers of termites extracted from baits, mass of paper removed from baits, proportion of dung pats attacked, and quantities of surface foraging galleries all indicated that subterranean termites were most abundant in mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) dune and creosotebush habitats, and least abundant in grassland and shinnery oak (Quercus harvardii) habitats. Subterranean termite abundance was not affected by soil stability, but was affected by the dominant vegetation. Subterranean termites consumed more than 80% of the creosotebush leaf litter from litter bags between August and December. There was no evidence that termites consumed shinnery oak leaves or grass stems and leaves.
C1 US EPA, ORD,NERL, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
RP Whitford, GG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
NR 17
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU CALIF STATE UNIV
PI CHICO
PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA
SN 0361-6525
J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY
JI Sociobiology
PY 1999
VL 34
IS 3
BP 493
EP 504
PG 12
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 238ZG
UT WOS:000082744200007
ER
PT S
AU Melnick, RL
Kohn, MC
AF Melnick, RL
Kohn, MC
BE Capen, CC
Dybing, E
Rice, JM
Wilbourn, JD
TI Possible mechanisms of induction of renal tubule cell neoplasms in rats
associated with alpha(2u)-globulin: role of protein accumulation versus
ligand delivery to the kidney
SO SPECIES DIFFERENCES IN THYROID, KIDNEY AND URINARY BLADDER
CARCINOGENESIS
SE IARC SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on Species Differences in Thyroid, Kidney and Urinary Bladder
Carcinogenesis
CY NOV 03-07, 1997
CL LYON, FRANCE
SP US Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, US EPA, European Commiss
ID MALE FISCHER-344 RATS; ACID-BINDING PROTEIN; BROMATE KBRO3
CARCINOGENESIS; HYALINE DROPLET NEPHROPATHY; T-BUTYL ALCOHOL; UNLEADED
GASOLINE; ALPHA-2U-GLOBULIN NEPHROPATHY; POTASSIUM BROMATE; PROXIMAL
TUBULE; F344 RATS
C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Melnick, RL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
NR 78
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT AGENCY RESEARCH CANCER
PI LYONS
PA 150, COURS ALBERT THOMAS, 69372 LYONS, FRANCE
SN 0300-5038
BN 92-832-2147-8
J9 IARC SCI PUBL
PY 1999
IS 147
BP 119
EP 137
PG 19
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA BQ97W
UT WOS:000165216800009
PM 10457914
ER
PT S
AU Huff, J
AF Huff, J
BE Capen, CC
Dybing, E
Rice, JM
Wilbourn, JD
TI Chemicals associated with tumours of the kidney, urinary bladder and
thyroid gland in laboratory rodents from 2000 US National Toxicology
Program National Cancer Institute bioassays for carcinogenicity
SO SPECIES DIFFERENCES IN THYROID, KIDNEY AND URINARY BLADDER
CARCINOGENESIS
SE IARC SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on Species Differences in Thyroid, Kidney and Urinary Bladder
Carcinogenesis
CY NOV 03-07, 1997
CL LYON, FRANCE
SP US Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, US EPA, European Commiss
ID EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; EXPERIMENTAL-ANIMALS; IARC MONOGRAPHS; B6C3F1
MICE; EXPOSURE; TRICHLOROETHENE; NEOPLASIA; CHLORIDE; BENZENE; HUMANS
C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Huff, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
NR 46
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 1
PU INT AGENCY RESEARCH CANCER
PI LYONS
PA 150, COURS ALBERT THOMAS, 69372 LYONS, FRANCE
SN 0300-5038
BN 92-832-2147-8
J9 IARC SCI PUBL
PY 1999
IS 147
BP 211
EP 225
PG 15
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA BQ97W
UT WOS:000165216800014
PM 10457919
ER
PT B
AU Swietlik, WF
AF Swietlik, WF
BE Rowney, AC
Stahre, P
Roesner, LA
TI Stormwater management in the United States - Key challenges and possible
solutions
SO SUSTAINING URBAN WATER RESOURCES IN THE 21ST CENTURY, PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Sustaining Urban Water Resources in the 21st Century
CY SEP 07-12, 1997
CL MALMO, SWEDEN
SP United Engn Fdn Inc, Urban Water Resources Council Civil Engineers, US EPA, Amer Public Works Assoc, Swedish Council Bldg Res, Swedish Water & Wastewater Assoc, City of Malmo, Scottish Environm Protect Agcy, Joint Int Comm Urban Stormwater Drainage
C1 US EPA, Off Wastewater Management, Phase 1 Stormwater Program, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Swietlik, WF (reprint author), US EPA, Off Wastewater Management, Phase 1 Stormwater Program, Mail Code 4203,401 M St SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA
BN 0-7844-0424-0
PY 1999
BP 68
EP 77
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA BP25H
UT WOS:000084505700007
ER
PT J
AU Branch, S
Chernoff, N
Brownie, C
Francis, BM
AF Branch, S
Chernoff, N
Brownie, C
Francis, BM
TI 5-AZA-2 '-deoxycytidine-induced dysmorphogenesis in the rat
SO TERATOGENESIS CARCINOGENESIS AND MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE interspecies differences; teratogenicity; limb malformations; axial
skeletal malformations; cytidine analog
ID RETINOIC-ACID; DEMETHYLATING AGENT; GENE; 5-AZACYTIDINE; EXPRESSION;
EMBRYOS
AB 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (d-AZA) causes temporally related defects in the developing mouse. Treatment of 1.0 mg/kg on gestation day (GD) 8 results in axial skeletal defects; on GD9, cleft palate and vertebral defects; on GD10, hindlimb phocomelia; and on GD11, digital defects. An unusual aspect of d-AZA teratogenicity in mice is that the phocomelia appears to be specific to the hindlimb, and the forelimb is not similarly affected regardless of treatment day. The current study was initiated to evaluate the embryonic response of another species, the rat, to this unique teratogen. Pregnant Sprague Dawley (CD) rats were treated with d-AZA or vehicle control. The compound was administered i.p. on GD9, 10, 11, or 12 to parallel developmental staging of the mouse. The highest dose (1.0 mg/kg) elicited effects indicating increased sensitivity to the compound in the rat as compared to the mouse. GD9 treatment was characterized by massive resorptions; GD10, by a predominance of axial skeletal defects and cleft palate; GD11, by a predominance of forelimb phocomelia and missing ribs; and GD12 by hindlimb phocomelia and forelimb digit defects. These data indicate significant differences in the developmental responses to d-AZA of the mouse and the rat. This may reflect interspecies differences in the temporal expression of genes involved in morphogenesis and/or the methylation patterns of such genes. Molecular data generated in the mouse will be compared to that of the rat to further characterize the developmental dynamics responsible for the interspecies differences. Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. 19:329-338, 1999. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss,Inc.
C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
US EPA, NHEERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Branch, S (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Toxicol, 840 Method Rd,Unit 4, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RI Matthews Branch, Stacy/E-6200-2017
OI Matthews Branch, Stacy/0000-0002-1048-6097
NR 19
TC 8
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 2
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0270-3211
J9 TERATOGEN CARCIN MUT
JI Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen.
PY 1999
VL 19
IS 5
BP 329
EP 338
DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6866(1999)19:5<329::AID-TCM3>3.0.CO;2-S
PG 10
WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 240XC
UT WOS:000082851500003
PM 10495450
ER
PT J
AU Kitchin, KT
Del Razo, LM
Brown, JL
Anderson, WL
Kenyon, EM
AF Kitchin, KT
Del Razo, LM
Brown, JL
Anderson, WL
Kenyon, EM
TI An integrated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of arsenite
action. 1. Heme oxygenase induction in rats
SO TERATOGENESIS CARCINOGENESIS AND MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE arsenic; arsenite; monomethylarsonic acid; dimethylarsinic acid; heme
oxygenase; pharmacokinetics; pharmacodynamics; enzyme induction
ID DRINKING-WATER; METABOLISM; PROTEIN
AB Rat heme oxygenase (HO) activity was used as a specific (among forms of arsenic) and sensitive biomarker of effect for orally administered sodium arsenite in rats. Time course studies showed that HO was induced in rat liver from 2 to 48 h in both rat liver and kidney. Hepatic and renal inorganic arsenic (iAs) concentrations were high at times preceding a high degree of HO induction. At times following pronounced HO induction, tissue dimethylarsinic acid concentrations were high. Dose-response studies of arsenite showed substantial HO induction in liver at doses of 30 mu mol/kg and higher and in the kidney at doses of 100 mu mol/kg and higher. Doses of 10 (in liver) and of 30 mu mol/kg (in kidney) sodium arsenite given by gavage did not significantly induce rat HO activity. Speciation of tissue total arsenic into iAs, methylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) permits us to link tissue iAs and HO enzyme induction. There was a linear relationship between tissue inorganic arsenic (iAs) concentration and tissue HO in individual rats (r(2) = 0.780 in liver and r(2) = 0.797 in kidney). Nonlinear relationships were observed between administered arsenite dose and either liver or kidney iAs concentration. Overall, there was a sublinear relationship between administered arsenite and biological effect in rats. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger).
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
IPN, CINVESTAV, Environm Toxicol Pharmacol & Toxicol Dept, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Kitchin, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, MD-68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 24
TC 42
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0270-3211
J9 TERATOGEN CARCIN MUT
JI Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen.
PY 1999
VL 19
IS 6
BP 385
EP 402
DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6866(1999)19:6<385::AID-TCM3>3.0.CO;2-V
PG 18
WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 258QZ
UT WOS:000083851100003
PM 10587409
ER
PT B
AU Sikdar, SK
Drahos, J
Drioli, E
AF Sikdar, SK
Drahos, J
Drioli, E
BE Sikdar, SK
Diwekar, U
TI Tools for pollution prevention
SO TOOLS AND METHODS FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION
SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SUB-SER 2, ENVIRONMENTAL
SECURITY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Tools and Methods for Pollution
Prevention
CY OCT 12-14, 1998
CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC
SP NATO, Adv Res Workshop Program, US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res lab, Carnegie Mellon Univ
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Sikdar, SK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 2
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 0-7923-5925-9
J9 NATO ASI 2
PY 1999
VL 62
BP 1
EP 4
PG 4
WC Engineering, Environmental
SC Engineering
GA BR41K
UT WOS:000166323000001
ER
PT B
AU Cabezas, H
Zhao, RH
Bare, JC
Nishtala, SR
AF Cabezas, H
Zhao, RH
Bare, JC
Nishtala, SR
BE Sikdar, SK
Diwekar, U
TI Designining environmentally benign solvent substitutes
SO TOOLS AND METHODS FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION
SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SUB-SER 2, ENVIRONMENTAL
SECURITY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Tools and Methods for Pollution
Prevention
CY OCT 12-14, 1998
CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC
SP NATO, Adv Res Workshop Program, US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res lab, Carnegie Mellon Univ
ID AIDED MOLECULAR DESIGN; LIQUID-MIXTURES
AB Since the signing of 1987 Montreal Protocol, reducing and eliminating the use of harmful solvents has become an internationally prominent environmental protection mission. Solvent substitution is an effective way to achieve this goal. The Program for Assisting the Replacement of Industrial Solvents, Version 2 (PARIS II) is a Windows-based solvent design tool which can greatly reduce the time and cost required for finding solvent substitutes. It can handle either pure chemical or mixture substitute designs. This paper briefly introduces the theory and methods used in PARTS II and gives two examples of solvent design applications using PARIS II as an illustration.
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Syst Anal Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Cabezas, H (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Sustainable Technol Div, Syst Anal Branch, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 26
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 0-7923-5925-9
J9 NATO ASI 2
PY 1999
VL 62
BP 317
EP 331
PG 15
WC Engineering, Environmental
SC Engineering
GA BR41K
UT WOS:000166323000019
ER
PT J
AU Abbott, BD
Held, GA
Wood, CR
Buckalew, AR
Brown, JG
Schmid, J
AF Abbott, BD
Held, GA
Wood, CR
Buckalew, AR
Brown, JG
Schmid, J
TI AhR, ARNT, and CYP1A1 mRNA quantitation in cultured human embryonic
palates exposed to TCDD and comparison with mouse palate in vivo and in
culture
SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE dioxin; palate; Ah receptor; ARNT; CYP1A1; quantitative RT-PCR
ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; EPITHELIAL-CELL DIFFERENTIATION; NUCLEAR
TRANSLOCATOR PROTEIN; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DEVELOPMENTAL
EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; CLEFT-PALATE;
2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS;
CYTOCHROME P4501A1
AB 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is developmentally toxic in many species and induces cleft palate in the C57BL/6N mouse embryo. Palatogenesis in mouse and human embryos involves homologous processes at the morphological, cellular, and molecular levels. In organ culture, mouse and human palates respond similarly to TCDD. The present study quantitates the expression of AhR, ARNT, and CYP1A1 mRNA in human embryonic palates in organ culture. Palatal tissues were exposed to 1 x 10(-10), 1 x 10(-9), or 1 x 10(-8) M TCDD or control medium and sampled at 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours for quantitative RT-PCR using a synthetic RNA internal standard. Similar measurements of CYP1A1 gene expression were collected for mouse palates cultured in this model. In human palates, AhR expression correlated with ARNT and CYP1A1 mRNA expression. TCDD induction of CYP1A1 was time- and concentration-dependent. The expression of these genes presented a uniform and continuous distribution across the group of embryos, with no subset of either high or low expressors/responders. The ratio of AhR to ARNT was approximately 4:1. AhR mRNA increased during the culture period in both treated and control subjects; however, ARNT expression was relatively constant. TCDD did not alter either AhR or ARNT expression in a consistent dose- or time-related manner. Comparison of human and mouse data showed a high correlation across species for the induction of CYP1A1. Human embryos expressed approximately 350 times less AhR mRNA than the mouse, and in earlier studies it was shown that human palates required 200 times more TCDD to produce the same effects. When the morphological, cellular, and molecular responses to TCDD between mouse and human are compared, it seems highly unlikely that human embryos could be exposed to sufficient TCDD to achieve changes in palatal differentiation that would lead to cleft palate.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div MD 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Hlth Biostat & Res Support Staff, Off Associate Director, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Abbott, BD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div MD 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 42
TC 36
Z9 38
U1 2
U2 6
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1096-6080
J9 TOXICOL SCI
JI Toxicol. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 47
IS 1
BP 62
EP 75
DI 10.1093/toxsci/47.1.62
PG 14
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 251PT
UT WOS:000083454600008
PM 10048154
ER
PT J
AU Abbott, BD
Schmid, JE
Brown, JG
Wood, CR
White, RD
Buckalew, AR
Held, GA
AF Abbott, BD
Schmid, JE
Brown, JG
Wood, CR
White, RD
Buckalew, AR
Held, GA
TI RT-PCR quantification of AHR, ARNT, GR, and CYP1A1 mRNA in craniofacial
tissues of embryonic mice exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
and hydrocortisone
SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE dioxin (Ah); palate; Ah receptor (ANI); AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT);
glucocorticoid receptor; CYP1A1; hydrocortisone; quantitative RT-PCR
ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATOR PROTEIN; EPITHELIAL-CELL
DIFFERENTIATION; C57BL/6N MOUSE EMBRYO; CLEFT-PALATE; GLUCOCORTICOID
RECEPTOR; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; CYTOCHROME
P4501A1; FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS
AB C57BL/6N mouse embryos exposed to hydrocortisone (HC) or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) develop cleft palate. An interaction between these agents produces clefts at doses which alone are not teratogenic. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and dioxin receptor (AhR) mediated these responses and their gene expression was altered by TCDD and/or HC in palates examined on gestation day (GD) 14 by Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. The present study quantifies AhR, AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT), and GR mRNA at 4, 12, 24, and 48 h after exposure (time 0 = dose administration at 8 A.M. On gestation day 12) on GD12 to TCDD (24 mu g/kg), HC (100 mg/kg) or HC (25 mg/kg) + TCDD (3 mu g/kg). The induction of CYP1A1 mRNA was also quantified at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h for control and TCDD-exposed samples. Total RNA was prepared from midfacial tissue of 4-6 embryos/litter at each time and dose. An RNA internal standard (IS) for each gene was synthesized, which included the gene's primer sequences separated by a pUC19 plasmid sequence. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on total RNA + IS using a range of 5-7 IS concentrations across a constant level of total RNA. PCR products were separated in gels (mRNA and IS-amplified sequences differed by 30-50 bases), ethidium bromide-stained, imaged (Hamamatsu Photonics Systems, Bridgewater, NJ), and quantified with NIH Image. CYP1A1 mRNA was significantly induced in the TCDD-exposed samples at all time points examined (p = 0.005 at 2 h and 0.001 after 2 h). During palatal shelf outgrowth on GD12, AhR mRNA levels increased significantly and this was not affected by treatment with TCDD or HC + TCDD. A significant increase in GR was detected at 24 h (p < 0.05) and this was unaffected by any of the exposures. Expression of ARNT increased at 12 h (p < 0.001); however, treatment with HC or HC + TCDD blocked this increase (p < 0.05). At 24 h, the TCDD-treated embryos had significantly lower ARNT mRNA compared with controls (p < 0.001). The relative overall expression level of the genes was AhR > ARNT > GR. Within individuals, expression of AhR and/or ARNT was highly correlated with GR level. In conclusion, CYP1A1 mRNA was expressed in developing craniofacial tissue and was highly induced by TCDD exposure. AhR, ARNT, and GR mRNA are upregulated in early palatogenesis, although not on the same schedule. The TCDD-induced decrease in ARNT at 24 h after dosing and the HC and HC + TCDD-induced delay in upregulation of ARNT may affect the dynamics of heterodimer formation between AhR and ARNT. The changes in ARNT mRNA level could also affect availability of this transcriptional regulator to interact with other potential partners, and these effects, separately or in combination, may be involved in disruption of normal embryonic development.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div MD 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27111 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Hlth Biostat & Res Support Staff, Off Associate Director, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27111 USA.
RP Abbott, BD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div MD 67, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27111 USA.
NR 52
TC 48
Z9 50
U1 0
U2 5
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1096-6080
J9 TOXICOL SCI
JI Toxicol. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 47
IS 1
BP 76
EP 85
DI 10.1093/toxsci/47.1.76
PG 10
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 251PT
UT WOS:000083454600009
PM 10048155
ER
PT J
AU Peters, JM
Narotsky, MG
Elizondo, G
Fernandez-Salguero, PM
Gonzalez, FJ
Abbott, BD
AF Peters, JM
Narotsky, MG
Elizondo, G
Fernandez-Salguero, PM
Gonzalez, FJ
Abbott, BD
TI Amelioration of TCDD-induced teratogenesis in aryl hydrocarbon receptor
(AhR)-Null mice
SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR); 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
(TCDD); developmental toxicity; teratogenicity
ID AH RECEPTOR; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; GROWTH-FACTORS; RETINOIC ACID;
CLEFT-PALATE; EXPRESSION; GENES; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN;
LACKING; HYDRONEPHROSIS
AB The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediates many of the biological effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and transcriptional activation of genes encoding a number of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Prenatal exposure of mice to TCDD causes severe alterations in embryo and fetal development, including hydronephrosis and cleft palate. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are unclear. In this work, the teratogenicity of TCDD in AhR-null mice was evaluated to determine if this effect is mediated by the AhR. Homozygous wild-type (+/+) or AhR-null (-/-) female mice were mated with males of the same genotype overnight. On gestation day (GD)-10, mice were intubated orally with either corn oil (vehicle control) or 25 mu g/kg TCDD. Fetuses were examined on GD18 for visceral and skeletal alterations. For non-TCDD-exposed litters, all developmental endpoints were comparable between genotypes, with the exception of a lower incidence of large interfrontal bones in (-/-) mice. For TCDD-exposed litters, (+/+) fetuses had a significantly greater incidence of cleft palate, hydronephrosis, small kidneys, tortuous ureters and greater dilation of the renal pelves and ureters compared to (-/-) fetuses. Interestingly, an increased resorption rate was observed in (-/-) fetuses exposed to TCDD. Results from this work demonstrate that fetal development per se is generally unaffected by the absence of the AhR or that other genes may have compensated for the loss of the AhR. More importantly, these data indicate that the AhR mediates TCDD-induced teratogenicity. Further, since a higher percentage of resorptions was observed in (-/-) litters from TCDD-treated dams, it is possible that AhR-independent mechanisms contribute to TCDD-induced developmental toxicity.
C1 NCI, Metab Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Peters, JM (reprint author), NCI, Metab Branch, NIH, Bldg 37,Room 3E-24, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RI Peters, Jeffrey/D-8847-2011;
OI Fernandez-Salguero, Pedro M./0000-0003-2839-5027
NR 32
TC 150
Z9 157
U1 0
U2 2
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1096-6080
J9 TOXICOL SCI
JI Toxicol. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 47
IS 1
BP 86
EP 92
DI 10.1093/toxsci/47.1.86
PG 7
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 251PT
UT WOS:000083454600010
PM 10048156
ER
PT J
AU Erickson, RJ
Ankley, GT
DeFoe, DL
Kosian, PA
Makynen, EA
AF Erickson, RJ
Ankley, GT
DeFoe, DL
Kosian, PA
Makynen, EA
TI Additive toxicity of binary mixtures of phototoxic polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons to the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus
SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE photoinduced toxicity; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; mixture; model
ID LIFE STAGE MORTALITY; DIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; PHOTOINDUCED TOXICITY;
DAPHNIA-MAGNA; FATHEAD MINNOW; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; BIPHENYL CONGENERS;
FISH TOXICITY; SEDIMENTS; CHEMICALS
AB Toxicity of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can increase by an order of magnitude, or more, in the presence of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In the environment, PAHs exist as complex mixtures, which generally would include multiple PAHs that could cause photoinduced toxicity. Hence, to accurately predict the potential ecological risk of phototoxic PAHs, it is critical to understand their joint toxicity. In this study, we exposed the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus to the phototoxic PAHs anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene, both singly and as binary mixtures for 96 h. Following this, the animals were exposed to UV light for an additional 96 h, during which periodic observations of mortality were made. Time-dependent phototoxicity of the binary PAH mixtures, expressed as a function of the product of UV light intensity and PAH dose (in the tissue of the animals), was adequately described using a concentration addition model. Given the probability that the PAHs examined acted via a common mechanism of action, this result was consistent with expectations. These data highlight the need to consider the combined photoactivation potential of PAH mixtures and provide the technical basis for a modeling approach to predict their ecological risk.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
RP Ankley, GT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
EM ankley.gerald@epamail.epa.gov
NR 49
TC 22
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 17
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0041-008X
J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM
JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
PD JAN 1
PY 1999
VL 154
IS 1
BP 97
EP 105
DI 10.1006/taap.1998.8563
PG 9
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 158YJ
UT WOS:000078144800011
PM 9882596
ER
PT J
AU Veronesi, B
Oortgiesen, M
Carter, JD
Devlin, RB
AF Veronesi, B
Oortgiesen, M
Carter, JD
Devlin, RB
TI Particulate matter initiates inflammatory cytokine release by activation
of capsaicin and acid receptors in a human bronchial epithelial cell
line
SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE particulate matter; residual oil fly ash; acidic particulates; capsaicin
receptor; acid sensitive pH receptor; irritant receptors; neuropeptides;
bronchial epithelial cells; BEAS-2B; neurogenic inflammation
ID OIL FLY-ASH; GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE; INDUCED AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS;
RAT ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; SENSITIVE SENSORY NERVES; CHANG LIVER-CELLS;
GUINEA-PIG; NEUTRAL ENDOPEPTIDASE; SUBSTANCE-P; POLLUTION PARTICLE
AB Recent experiments have shown that human bronchial epithelial cells (i.e., BEAS-2B) release pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-6 and TNF alpha) in a receptor-mediated fashion in response to the neuropeptides, substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related protein (CGRP), and the prototype botanical irritant capsaicin. In the present experiments, we examined the relevance of these receptors to particulate matter (PM)-associated cellular inflammation. BEAS-2B cells, exposed to residual oil fly ash particles (ROFA), responded with an immediate (<30 s) increase in intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+](i)), increases of key inflammatory cytokine transcripts (i.e., IL-6, IL-8, TNF alpha) within 2 h exposure, and subsequent release of IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine protein after 4 h exposure. Pretreatment of BEAS-2B cells with pharmacological antagonists selective for the SP or CGRP receptors reduced the ROFA-stimulated IL-6 cytokine production by similar to 25 and 50%, respectively. However, pretreatment of these cells with capsazepine (CPZ), an antagonist for capsaicin (i.e., vanilloid) receptors, inhibited the immediate increases in [Ca2+](i), diminished transcript (i.e., IL-6, IL-8, TNF alpha) levels and reduced IL-6 cytokine release to control levels. BEAS-2B cells exposed to ROFA in calcium-free media failed to demonstrate increases of [Ca2+](i) and showed reduced levels of cytokine transcript (i.e., IL-6, IL-8, TNF alpha) and IL-6 release, suggesting that ROFA-stimulated cytokine formation was partially dependent on extracellular calcium sources. A final set of experiments compared the inflammatory properties of the soluble and acidic insoluble components of ROFA. BEAS-2B cells, exposed to ROFA or ROFA that had been filtered through a 0.2-mu m pore filter, produced equivocal IL-6. BEAS-2B cells exposed to pH 5.0 media for 15 min released moderate amounts of IL-6, 4 h later. This cytokine release could be blocked by amiloride, a pH receptor antagonist, but not by CPZ. BEAS-2B cells, pretreated with amiloride before ROFA exposure, showed a partial(similar to 25%) reduction of IL-6. Together, these data indicate that the acidic, soluble components of ROFA initiate cytokine release in BEAS-2B cells through activation of both capsaicin- and PH-sensitive irritant receptors. (C) 1999 Academic Press.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Labs, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Labs, Human Studies Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
RP Veronesi, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Labs, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 76
TC 94
Z9 99
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0041-008X
J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM
JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
PD JAN 1
PY 1999
VL 154
IS 1
BP 106
EP 115
DI 10.1006/taap.1998.8567
PG 10
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 158YJ
UT WOS:000078144800012
PM 9882597
ER
PT J
AU Cooper, RL
Goldman, JM
Stoker, TE
AF Cooper, RL
Goldman, JM
Stoker, TE
TI Neuroendocrine and reproductive effects of contemporary-use pesticides
SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE endocrine; hypothalamic-pituitary; reproduction
ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SURGE; AGING FEMALE RATS; OVULATION; CHLORDIMEFORM;
BLOCKADE; INVITRO; BRAIN; MICE
AB Work in our laboratory has focused on the hypothesis that certain environmental contaminants will interfere with reproductive function because they disrupt the neuroendocrine regulation of gonadal function. In this article, we review the evidence that certain classes of contemporary-use pesticides alter gonadotropin secretion through a disruption of hypothalamic mechanisms. Specifically, we discuss the effect of formamidine and dithiocarbamate pesticides on the noradrenergic control of pituitary hormone secretion, ovarian function, and pregnancy in the rat. This is followed by a review of studies evaluating the effect of a chlorotriazine herbicide, atrazine, on the hormonal control of ovulation and lactation. We also discuss the physiological consequences of these endocrine alterations in the female, how toxicant-induced endocrine alterations may differ in physiological outcome in the male and female, and the fact that the reproductive risk assessment of some pesticides that act on the central nervous system (CNS) may be influenced by the development of tolerance.
C1 US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Cooper, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 43
TC 44
Z9 53
U1 5
U2 8
PU STOCKTON PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA
SN 0748-2337
J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH
JI Toxicol. Ind. Health
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1999
VL 15
IS 1-2
BP 26
EP 36
DI 10.1191/074823399678846727
PG 11
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology
GA 295BF
UT WOS:000085945500004
PM 10188189
ER
PT J
AU Gray, LE
Ostby, J
Cooper, RL
Kelce, WR
AF Gray, LE
Ostby, J
Cooper, RL
Kelce, WR
TI The estrogenic and antiandrogenic pesticide methoxychlor alters the
reproductive tract and behavior without affecting pituitary size or LH
and prolactin secretion in male rats
SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE endocrine disruptor; male rat reproductive toxicity; methoxychlor;
pituitary function; sexual behavior; sperm counts; xenoantiandrogen;
xenoestrogen
ID TESTOSTERONE
AB This study was designed to determine if long-term exposure to high doses of methoxychlor (M) would alter pituitary or testicular endocrine functions in either an estrogenic or antiandrogenic manner. Weanling male Long-Evans hooded rats were dosed daily with M (po) at 0, 200, 300, or 400 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 10 months. Methoxychlor treatment delayed puberty by as much as 10 weeks and reduced fertility and copulatory plug formation in a dose-related manner at the initial mating. During mating, M-treated males exhibited shorter latencies to mount and ejaculate versus control males, but the number of intromissions prior to ejaculation was unaffected, indicating that M enhanced the arousal level in the males in an estrogen-dependent manner. Most treated males eventually mated but time-to-pregnancy was lengthened. Very low sperm counts were associated with infertility, while prolonged delays in puberty reduced fecundity. Methoxychlor treatment with 200 to 400 mg kg(-1) day(-1) failed to mimic the chronic effects of a sustained (8 months) low dose of estradiol-17 beta (3-mm silastic implants) on pituitary or testicular hormone levels. Estradiol administration increased pituitary weight 4-fold, serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) were reduced by almost 50%, and serum prolactin was increased 40-fold, while M did not affect any of these measures. These data demonstrate that M affects the CNS, epididymal sperm numbers, and the accessory sex glands and delays mating without significantly affecting the secretion of LH, prolactin, or testosterone. These data indicate that M did not alter pituitary endocrine function in either an estrogenic or antiandrogenic manner. To our knowledge, these data provide the first in vivo example of such a pronounced degree of target tissue selectivity to an environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical.
C1 US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 26
TC 94
Z9 99
U1 0
U2 4
PU STOCKTON PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA
SN 0748-2337
J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH
JI Toxicol. Ind. Health
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1999
VL 15
IS 1-2
BP 37
EP 47
DI 10.1191/074823399678846655
PG 11
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology
GA 295BF
UT WOS:000085945500005
PM 10188190
ER
PT J
AU Gray, LE
Ostby, J
Monosson, E
Kelce, WR
AF Gray, LE
Ostby, J
Monosson, E
Kelce, WR
TI Environmental antiandrogens: low doses of the fungicide vinclozolin
alter sexual differentiation of the male rat
SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE abnormal sexual differentiation; dose-response; hypospadias; risk
assessment; vinclozolin
ID ANDROGEN RECEPTOR LIGANDS; MALE REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; N-BUTYL PHTHALATE;
ANOGENITAL DISTANCE; MECHANISM; METHOXYCHLOR; TOXICITY; LINURON
AB In humans and rodents, exposure to antiandrogenic chemicals during sexual differentiation can produce malformations of the reproductive tract. Perinatal administration of 100 or 200 mg vinclozolin (V) kg(-1) day(-1) during sexual differentiation in rats induces female-like anogenital distance (AGD), retained nipples, cleft phallus with hypospadias, suprainguinal ectopic scrota/testes, a vaginal pouch, epididymal granulomas, and small to absent sex accessory glands in male offspring. Vinclozolin is metabolized to at least two active forms, M1 and M2, that display antiandrogenic activity by binding the androgen receptor (AR). Here, we present information on the reproductive effects of oral treatment with low dosage levels of V during sexual differentiation of the male rat. Vinclozolin was administered to the dam at 0, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1) from gestational day 14 to postnatal day 3 (the period of fetal/neonatal testicular testosterone synthesis and sexual differentiation). At doses of 3.125 mg V kg(-1) and above, AGD was significantly reduced in newborn male offspring and the incidence of areolas was increased. These effects were associated with permanent alterations in other androgen-dependent tissues. Ventral prostate weight in one year old male offspring was reduced in all treatment groups (significant at 6.25, 25, 50, and 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), and permanent nipples were detected in males at 3.125 (1.4%), 6.25 (3.6%), 12.5 (3.9%), 25 (8.5%), 50 (91%), and 100 (100%) mg V kg(-1) day(-1). To date, permanent nipples have not been observed in a control male from any study in our laboratory. Vinclozolin treatment at 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1) induced reproductive tract malformations and reduced ejaculated sperm numbers and fertility. Even though all of the effects of V likely result from the same initial event (AR binding), the different endpoints displayed a wide variety of dose-response curves and ED(50)'s. The dose-response data for several of the functional endpoints failed to display an obvious threshold. These data demonstrate that V produces subtle alterations in sexual differentiation of the external genitalia, ventral prostate, and nipple tissue in male rat offspring at dosage levels below the previously described no-observed-effect-level (NOEL). These effects occur at a dosage level an order of magnitude below that required to induce malformations and reduce fertility. Hence, multigenerational reproduction studies of antiandrogenic chemicals that were not conducted under the Environmental Protection Agency's new Harmonized Multigenerational Test Guidelines, which include endpoints sensitive to antiandrogens at low dosage levels, could yield a NOEL that is at least an order of magnitude too high.
C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM gray.earl@epamail.epa.gov
NR 63
TC 212
Z9 221
U1 1
U2 11
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0748-2337
J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH
JI Toxicol. Ind. Health
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1999
VL 15
IS 1-2
BP 48
EP 64
DI 10.1191/074823399678846646
PG 17
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology
GA 295BF
UT WOS:000085945500006
PM 10188191
ER
PT J
AU Monosson, E
Kelce, WR
Lambright, C
Ostby, J
Gray, LE
AF Monosson, E
Kelce, WR
Lambright, C
Ostby, J
Gray, LE
TI Peripubertal exposure to the antiandrogenic fungicide, vinclozolin,
delays puberty, inhibits the development of androgen-dependent tissues,
and alters androgen receptor function in the male rat
SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE androgen receptor; antiandrogen; fungicide; preputial separation;
puberty; vinclozolin
ID BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; EXPRESSION;
ENDOCRINE; MECHANISM; DIFFERENTIATION; TESTOSTERONE; ANTAGONIST; TRACT;
AXIS
AB Vinclozolin is a well-characterized antiandrogenic fungicide. It produces adverse effects when administered during sexual differentiation, and it alters reproductive function in adult male rats by acting as an androgen-antagonist. Two active metabolites of vinclozolin, M1 and M2, compete with natural androgens for the rat acid human androgen receptors (ARs), an effect that blocks androgen-induced gene expression in vivo and in vitro. In addition to their effects during perinatal life, androgens play a key role in pubertal maturation in young males. In this regard, the present study was designed to examine the effects of peripubertal oral administration of vinclozolin (0, 10, 30, or 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) on morphological landmarks of puberty, hormone levels, and sex accessory gland development in male rats. In addition, as binding of the M1 and M2 to AR alter the subcellular distribution of AR by inhibiting AR-DNA binding, we examined the effects of vinclozolin on AR distribution in the target cells after in vivo treatment. We also examined serum levels of vinclozolin, M1, and M2 in the treated males so that these could be related to the effects on the reproductive tract and AR distribution. Vinclozolin treatment delayed pubertal maturation (at 30 and 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) and retarded sex accessory gland and epididymal growth. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH; significant at all dosage levels) and testosterone and 5 alpha-androstane,3 alpha,17 beta-diol (at 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) levels were increased. Testis size and sperm production, however, were unaffected. It was apparent that these effects were concurrent with subtle alterations in the subcellular distribution of AR. In control animals, most AR were in the high salt cell fraction, apparently bound to the natural ligand and DNA. Vinclozolin treatment reduced the amount of AR in the high salt (bound to DNA) fraction and it increased AR levels in the low salt (inactive, not bound to DNA) fraction. M1 and M2 were found in the serum of animals from the two highest dosage groups, but they were present at levels well below their K-i values. In summary, these results suggest that when the vinclozolin metabolites occupy a small percentage of AR in the cell, this prevents maximal AR-DNA binding and alters in vivo androgen-dependent gene expression and protein synthesis, which in turn results in obvious alterations of morphological development and serum hormone levels. It is noteworthy that similar exposures during prenatal life result in a high incidence of malformations in male rats.
C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM gray.earl@epamail.epa.gov
NR 31
TC 148
Z9 156
U1 0
U2 6
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0748-2337
EI 1477-0393
J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH
JI Toxicol. Ind. Health
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1999
VL 15
IS 1-2
BP 65
EP 79
PG 15
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology
GA 295BF
UT WOS:000085945500007
PM 10188192
ER
PT J
AU Ostby, J
Kelce, WR
Lambright, C
Wolf, CJ
Mann, P
Gray, LE
AF Ostby, J
Kelce, WR
Lambright, C
Wolf, CJ
Mann, P
Gray, LE
TI The fungicide procymidone alters sexual differentiation in the male rat
by acting as an androgen-receptor antagonist in vivo and in vitro
SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE antiandrogen; binding; developmental reproductive toxicity; endocrine
disruption; procymidone; sexual differentiation; transcriptional
activation
ID 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; ANTIANDROGEN; FINASTERIDE; PESTICIDES;
WILDLIFE; PROSTATE; EXPOSURE; TRACT
AB Procymidone is a dicarboximide fungicide structurally related to the well-characterized fungicide vinclozolin. Vinclozolin metabolites bind to mammalian androgen receptors (AR) and act as AR antagonists, inhibiting androgen-dependent gene expression in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting AR-binding to DNA. The current study was designed to determine if procymidone acted as an AR antagonist in vitro and to describe the dosage levels of procymidone that alter sexual differentiation in vivo. In vitro, procymidone inhibited androgen from binding the human AR (hAR) in COS (monkey kidney) cells transfected with hAR at 3.16 mu M. In vitro, procymidone acted as an androgen antagonist, inhibiting dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced transcriptional activation at 0.2 mu M in CV-1 cells (cotransfected with the hAR and a MMTV-luciferase reporter gene). In vivo, maternal procymidone exposure at 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg kg(-1) day(-1) during gestation and early lactation (gestational day 14 to postnatal day 3) altered reproductive development of male offspring at all dosage levels tested. Male offspring exhibited shortened anogenital distance (at 25 mg kg(-1) day(-1) and above), permanent nipples, reduced weight of several androgen-dependent tissues (levator ani and bulbocavernosus muscles, prostate, seminal vesicles, Cowper's gland and glans penis), and malformations (hypospadias, cleft phallus, exposed os penis, vaginal pouch, hydronephrosis, occasional hydroureter, epididymal granulomas, and ectopic, undescended testes). In addition, perinatal procymidone treatment had a marked effect on the histology of the lateral and ventral prostatic and seminal vesicular tissues of the offspring (at 50 mg kg(-1) day(-1) and above). These effects consisted of fibrosis, cellular infiltration, and epithelial hyperplasia. This constellation of effects is similar to that produced by perinatal exposure to vinclozolin. However, procymidone appears to be slightly less potent in inducing malformations than vinclozolin by a factor of about two. In summary, the antiandrogenic activity of procymidone was demonstrated in vice and in vitro in cell lines transfected with hAR. Since the role of androgens in mammalian sexual differentiation is highly conserved, it is likely that humans would be adversely affected by procymidone in a predictable manner if the human fetus was exposed to sufficient levels during critical stages of intrauterine and neonatal life.
C1 US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM gray.earl@epamail.epa.gov
NR 33
TC 155
Z9 166
U1 0
U2 20
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0748-2337
EI 1477-0393
J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH
JI Toxicol. Ind. Health
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1999
VL 15
IS 1-2
BP 80
EP 93
PG 14
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology
GA 295BF
UT WOS:000085945500008
PM 10188193
ER
PT J
AU Gray, LE
Wolf, C
Lambright, C
Mann, P
Price, M
Cooper, RL
Ostby, J
AF Gray, LE
Wolf, C
Lambright, C
Mann, P
Price, M
Cooper, RL
Ostby, J
TI Administration of potentially antiandrogenic pesticides (procymidone,
linuron, iprodione, chlozolinate, p,p '-DDE, and ketoconazole) and toxic
substances (dibutyl- and diethylhexyl phthalate, PCB 169, and ethane
dimethane sulphonate) during sexual differentiation produces diverse
profiles of reproductive malformations in the male rat
SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE anti-androgen; developmental reproductive toxicology; endocrine
disruptor; inhibition of steroid synthesis; pesticides; phthalate; sex
reversal; steroid receptors
ID ANDROGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; DOSE-RESPONSE ANALYSIS; LACTATIONAL
EXPOSURE; IN-UTERO; LEYDIG-CELLS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY;
2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; ENDOCRINE; TESTOSTERONE; HAMSTER
AB Antiandrogenic chemicals alter sexual differentiation by a variety of mechanisms, and as a consequence, they induce different profiles of effects. For example, in utero treatment with the androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, flutamide, produces ventral prostate agenesis and testicular nondescent, while in contrast, finasteride, an inhibitor of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) synthesis, rarely, if ever, induces such malformations. In this regard, it was recently proposed that dibutyl phthalate (DBP) alters reproductive development by a different mechanism of action than flutamide or vinclozolin (V), which are AR antagonists, because the male offsprings display an unusually high incidence of testicular and epididymal alterations-effects rarely seen after in utero flutamide or V treatment. In this study, we present original data describing the reproductive effects of 10 known or suspected anti-androgens, including a Leydig cell toxicant ethane dimethane sulphonate (EDS, 50 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), linuron (L, 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), p,p'-DDE (100 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), ketoconazole (12-50 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), procymidone (P, 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), chlozolinate (100 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), iprodione (100 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), DBP (500 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP, 750 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener no. 169 (single dose of 1.8 mg kg(-1)). Our analysis indicates that the chemicals discussed here can be clustered into three or four separate groups, based on the resulting profiles of reproductive effects. Vinclozolin, P, and DDE, known AR ligands, produce similar profiles of toxicity. However, p,p'-DDE is less potent in this regard. DBP and DEHP produce a profile distinct from the above AR ligands. Male offsprings display a higher incidence of epididymal and testicular lesions than generally seen with flutamide, P, or V even at high dosage levels. Linuron treatment induced a level of external effects consistent with its low affinity for AR [reduced anogenital distance (AGD), retained nipples, and a low incidence of hypospadias]. However, L treatment also induced an unanticipated degree of malformed epididymides and testis atrophy. In fact, the profile of effects induced by L was similar to that seen with DBP. These results suggest that L may display several mechanisms of endocrine toxicity, one of which involves AR binding. Chlozolinate and iprodione did not produce any signs of maternal or fetal endocrine toxicity at 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1). EDS produced severe maternal toxicity and a 45% reduction in size at birth, which resulted in the death of ail neonates by 5 days of age. However, EDS only reduced AGD in male pups by 15%. Ketoconazole did not demasculinize or feminize males but rather displayed anti-hormonal activities, apparently by inhibiting ovarian hormone synthesis, which resulted in delayed delivery and whole litter loss. In summary, the above in vivo data suggest that the chemicals we studied alter male sexual differentiation via different mechanisms. The anti-androgens V, P, and p,p'-DDE produce flutamide-like profiles that are distinct from those seen with DBP, DEHP, and L. The effects of PCB 169 bear little resemblance to those of any known anti-androgen. Only in depth in vitro studies will reveal the degree to which one can rely upon in vivo studies, like those presented here, to predict the cellular and molecular mechanisms of developmental toxicity.
C1 US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM gray.earl@epamail.epa.gov
NR 67
TC 449
Z9 469
U1 9
U2 58
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0748-2337
J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH
JI Toxicol. Ind. Health
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1999
VL 15
IS 1-2
BP 94
EP 118
DI 10.1191/074823399678846664
PG 25
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology
GA 295BF
UT WOS:000085945500009
PM 10188194
ER
PT J
AU Scott, GI
Fulton, MH
Moore, DW
Wirth, EF
Chandler, GT
Key, PB
Daugomah, JW
Strozier, ED
Devane, J
Clark, JR
Lewis, MA
Finley, DB
Ellenberg, W
Karnaky, KJ
AF Scott, GI
Fulton, MH
Moore, DW
Wirth, EF
Chandler, GT
Key, PB
Daugomah, JW
Strozier, ED
Devane, J
Clark, JR
Lewis, MA
Finley, DB
Ellenberg, W
Karnaky, KJ
TI Assessment of risk reduction strategies for the management of
agricultural nonpoint source pesticide runoff in estuarine ecosystems
SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE azinphosmethyl; best management practices; endosulfan; fenvalerate;
grass shrimp; integrated pest management; mummichog; P-glycoprotein;
retention ponds
ID P-GLYCOPROTEIN; TOXICITY
AB Agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) runoff may result in significant discharges of pesticides, suspended sediments, and fertilizers into estuarine habitats adjacent to agricultural areas or downstream from agricultural watersheds. Exposure of estuarine fin fish and shellfish to toxic levels of pesticides may occur, resulting in significant declines in field populations. Integrated pest management (IPM), best management practices (BMP), and retention ponds (RP) are risk management tools that have been proposed to reduce the contaminant risk from agricultural NPS runoff into estuarine ecosystems. Field studies were conducted at three sites within coastal estuarine ecosystems of South Carolina (SC) from 1985 to 1990 that varied in terms of the amount and degree of risk reduction strategies employed. An intensively managed (IPM, BMP, and RP) agricultural treatment site (TRT) was studied for pesticide runoff impacts. From 1985 to 1987, there were minimal (some IPM and BMP) management activities at TRT, but from 1988 to 1990, TRT was managed using an intensive risk reduction strategy. A second unmanaged agricultural growing area, Kiawah (KWA), was also studied and compared with TRT in terms of pesticide runoff and the resulting impacts on grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus). A third, non-agricultural, reference site (CTL) was used for comparing results from the managed and unmanaged agricultural sites. In situ toxicity tests and field samples of the grass shrimp populations were conducted at each site and compared in terms of survival and the effectiveness of current risk reduction strategies. Significant runoff of insecticides (azinphosmethyl, endosulfan, and fenvalerate) along with several fish kills were observed at TRT prior to the implementation of rigorous risk reduction methods, A significant reduction of in stream pesticide concentrations (up to 90%) was observed at TRT following the implementation of strict NPS runoff controls, which greatly reduced impacts on estuarine fish and shellfish. At the unmanaged KWA, continued impacts due to the runoff of these insecticides were observed, along with several fish kills. Additional monitoring indicated that gravid female grass shrimp populations from KWA had elevated levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a multidrug resistance protein, which may transport various pesticides across cellular membranes. Comparison of field results with laboratory toxicity tests established that pesticide exposure was the primary cause of observed field impacts at each site. These findings clearly indicate the value of an integrated risk reduction strategy (BMP, IPM, and RP) for minimizing impacts from NPS agricultural pesticide runoff.
C1 US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA.
Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
Exxon Biomed, Houston, TX USA.
US EPA, Gulf Sci Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA.
Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Program, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.
Mt Desert Isl Biol Lab, Salsbury Cove, ME 04672 USA.
RP Scott, GI (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston Lab, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM g.scott@noaa.gov
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES03828]
NR 34
TC 64
Z9 66
U1 0
U2 15
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0748-2337
J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH
JI Toxicol. Ind. Health
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1999
VL 15
IS 1-2
BP 200
EP 213
DI 10.1191/074823399678846673
PG 14
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology
GA 295BF
UT WOS:000085945500018
PM 10188203
ER
PT J
AU Hoffman, AD
Jenson, CT
Lien, GJ
McKim, JM
AF Hoffman, AD
Jenson, CT
Lien, GJ
McKim, JM
TI Individual tissue weight to total body weight relationships and total,
polar, and nonpolar lipids in tissues of hatchery lake trout
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; MODEL; FISH
AB Individual tissue or organ weight to total body weight relationships, total lipid, and major lipid subclasses were measured in 3- and 4-year-old hatchery-reared Lake Superior isle Royale strain "lean" lake trout Salvelinus namaycush to obtain a more in-depth understanding of the major lipid compartments of lake trout for use in predicting the distribution and disposition of xenobiotics in these fish. No significant (P > 0.05) differences between males and females were observed in individual tissue or organ weight to total body weight relationships. The weight of internal organs and tissues made up approximately 11% of body weight, while the remaining carcass accounted for 85%. Muscle accounted for slightly more than half of the carcass weight. Dorsal and ventral muscle were approximately equal in proportions. Mean (+/-SD) calculated whole-body total lipid for the lake trout was 15.2% (+/-2.2%). No significant (P > 0.05) differences between males and females were observed in total lipid content or in the major lipid subclasses (polar. nonpolar) for the individual tissues and organs of the lake trout except for gonads. The total lipids in lake trout blood, tissues, and organs, ranked from highest to lowest, were viscera (48%),liver (15%). kidney (14%), carcass (12%), skin (10%), brain (8%), dorsal muscle (5%), gonads (4%), and blood (1%). Total lipid content of ventral muscle (12%) was more than two times that of the dorsal muscle (5%). Analysis of lipid subclasses showed lake trout tissues and organs had significantly higher (up to eight times higher for kidney) levels of nonpolar lipids than polar lipids.
C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
RP Hoffman, AD (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
NR 18
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 128
IS 1
BP 178
EP 181
DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0178:ITWTTB>2.0.CO;2
PG 4
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 197UY
UT WOS:000080385100015
ER
PT S
AU Huff, J
AF Huff, J
BE Bailer, AJ
Maltoni, C
Bailar, JC
Belpoggi, F
Brazier, JV
Soffritti, M
TI Long-term chemical carcinogenesis bioassays predict human cancer hazards
- Issues, controversies, and uncertainties
SO UNCERTAINTY IN THE RISK ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL
HAZARDS
SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Workshop on Uncertainty in the Risk Assessment of
Environmental and Occupational Hazards
CY SEP 24-26, 1998
CL BOLOGNA, ITALY
SP European Fdn Oncol & Environm Sci B Ramazzini, Int Stat Inst, Miami Univ, Univ Chicago, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, NIEHS, NIOSH, Akzo Nobel NV, Reg Agcy Prevent & Envoronm, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Collegium Ramazzini, DSM
ID NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM; LIVER-TUMOR INDUCTION; HAMSTER EMBRYO
CELLS; MAJOR RISK FACTOR; B6C3F(1) MICE; DRINKING-WATER; RODENT
CARCINOGENICITY; EXPERIMENTAL-ANIMALS; RAS PROTOONCOGENE; NTP CHEMICALS
AB Long-term carcinogenesis bioassays are the most valued and predictive means for identifying potential carcinogenic hazards of various agents to humans. Agents mag: be chemicals, chemical mixtures, multiple chemicals, combinations of chemicals, residues and contaminants, commercial products and formulations, and various exposure circumstances, Life-styles, dietary factors, and occupational exposure circumstances are very difficult, but not totally impossible, to evaluate experimentally. Historically, the first chemical bioassay took place in the early part of this century: Yamagiwa and Ichikawa(1) in 1915, showed that coal tar applied experimentally to rabbit ears caused skin carcinomas. Since then, nearly 1500-2000 bioassays of one sort or another have been carried out. Importantly, however, some of these bioassays must be considered inadequate for judging the absence of carcinogenicity, since there were various limitations on the wag they Here performed: tao few animals, too short a duration, too low exposure concentrations, too limited pathology, as examples. Thus, each bioassay must be critically evaluated, especially those reported to be negative, because "false negatives" are certainly more hazardous to human health than are "false positives". Likewise, one must be careful not to discount bioassay results simply because a target organ in rodents may not have a direct counterpart in humans (e.g., Zymbal glands(2)), or because an organ site in rodents may not be a major site of cancers in humans (e.g., mouse liver). The design and conduct of a bioassay is not simple, however, and one must be fully aware of possible pitfalls as well as viable and often necessary alternatives. Simiiarly, evaluating results and interpreting findings must be approached with the utmost objectivity and consistency. These and other select issues, controversies, and uncertainties possibly encountered in long-term bioassays are covered in this paper. One fact remains abundantly clear: for every known human carcinogen that has been tested adequately in laboratory animals, the findings of carcinogenicity are concordant.
C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Huff, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
NR 169
TC 71
Z9 72
U1 0
U2 2
PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES
PI NEW YORK
PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA
SN 0077-8923
BN 1-57331-236-3
J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI
JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci.
PY 1999
VL 895
BP 56
EP 79
DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08077.x
PG 24
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Science & Technology -
Other Topics
GA BP49Z
UT WOS:000085328100005
PM 10676409
ER
PT S
AU Waters, MD
Stack, HF
Jackson, MA
AF Waters, MD
Stack, HF
Jackson, MA
BE McGregor, DB
Rice, JM
Venitt, S
TI Short-term tests for defining mutagenic carcinogens
SO USE OF SHORT- AND MEDIUM-TERM TESTS FOR CARCINOGENS AND DATA ON GENETIC
EFFECTS IN CARCINOGENIC HAZARD EVALUATION
SE IARC SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on the Use of Short-and Meduim-Term Tests for Carcinogens and
Data on Genetic Effects in Carcinogenic Hazard Evaluation
CY OCT 06-10, 1997
CL LYON, FRANCE
SP US Natl Inst Environm Hlth Serv, US EPA, European Commiss
ID CELL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; CANCER RISK
ASSESSMENT; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; DNA-DAMAGE; CURRENT
ISSUES; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; ALKYLATING-AGENTS; BRAIN-TUMORS
AB The results of short-term tests for mutagenicity were first included in the IARC Monographs in the mid-1970s on the basis of the observation that most carcinogens are also mutagens, although not all mutagens are carcinogens. The experimental evidence at that time showed a strong correlation between mutagenicity and carcinogenicity and indicated that the short-term tests were useful for predicting carcinogenicity. Although the correlations have become weaker over the past 20 years, and with them the predictive value of short-term tests, such tests still provide vital information for identifying and understanding mechanisms involved in carcinogenicity.
The results of short-term tests compiled in the US Environmental Protection Agency-IARC Genetic Activity Profile database over the past 12 years are summarized and reviewed here in relation to the classification of agents for carcinogenicity within the system used at IARC. The role of the information from short-term tests in making overall classifications of specific compounds in recent Monographs is discussed. The usefulness of data on three genetic end-points, gene mutation, chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidy, and the criteria for mutagenicity and lack of mutagenicity based on a 'defining set' of test results are examined. Recommendations are made for assessing chemicals on the basis of the strength of the evidence from short-term tests, and the implications of this approach for identifying putative mutational mechanisms of carcinogenicity are discussed.
C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 99
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU INT AGENCY RESEARCH CANCER
PI LYONS
PA 150, COURS ALBERT THOMAS, 69372 LYONS, FRANCE
SN 0300-5038
BN 92-832-2146-X
J9 IARC SCI PUBL
JI IARC Sci. Publ.
PY 1999
IS 146
BP 499
EP 526
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology
GA BR70V
UT WOS:000167234600021
PM 10353401
ER
PT J
AU Spiegel, RJ
Thorneloe, SA
Trocciola, JC
Preston, JL
AF Spiegel, RJ
Thorneloe, SA
Trocciola, JC
Preston, JL
TI Fuel cell operation on anaerobic digester gas: conceptual design and
assessment
SO WASTE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE anaerobic digester gas; fuel cell system; wastewater treatment; nitrous
oxides; carbon monoxide
AB The conceptual design of a fuel cell (FC) system for operation on anaerobic digester gas (ADG) is described and its economic and environmental feasibility is projected. ADG is produced at wastewater treatment plants during the process of treating sewage anaerobically to reduce solids. The economic feasibility study shows the fuel cell is economical where plant electricity costs are 5 phi/kW h or higher, based on entry level fuel cell costs of $3000/kW. FCs are one of the cleanest energy technologies available, and the widespread use of this concept should result in a significant reduction in global warming gas and acid rain air emissions. Additionally, technology evaluation focused on improving a commercial phosphoric acid FC power plant operation on ADG is described. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
ONSI Corp, S Windsor, CT 06704 USA.
RP Spiegel, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 3
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0956-053X
J9 WASTE MANAGE
JI Waste Manage.
PY 1999
VL 19
IS 6
BP 389
EP 399
DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(99)00197-X
PG 11
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 244JY
UT WOS:000083049100002
ER
PT J
AU Yanko, WA
Jackson, JL
Williams, FP
Walker, AS
Castillo, MS
AF Yanko, WA
Jackson, JL
Williams, FP
Walker, AS
Castillo, MS
TI An unexpected temporal pattern of coliphage isolation in groundwaters
sampled from wells at varied distances from reclaimed water recharge
sites
SO WATER RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE bacteriophage; FRNA; fd; virus; reclaimed water; groundwater
ID MALE-SPECIFIC BACTERIOPHAGES; WASTE-WATER; RNA-BACTERIOPHAGES; ENTERIC
VIRUSES; ENUMERATION; CRITERIA; REMOVAL; SEWAGE
AB Potable and monitoring wells located in close proximity to a large groundwater recharge project which utilizes a blend of surface water and reclaimed wastewater for recharge were tested for coliphage over a period of 6 months to assess the potential for virus migration. During the first 3 months FRNA phage were detected once at a shallow monitoring well. In late summer, an unexpected pulse of phage was detected in all wells, including control sites, suggesting an ecological phenomenon independent of recharge operations. Cubic and filamentous F-specific coliphage, consistent with the Levivridae and Inoviridae groups, and a noncontractile tailed phage consistent with the Siphoviridae family were detected. There was no discernible relationship between recharge operations and the pattern of phage populations detected. Phage were detected using a host designated HS12, a variant of KS(pFamp)R (Debartolomeis, J. and Cabelli, V. J. (1991) Evaluation of an Escherichia roll host strain for enumeration of f male-specific bacteriophages. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 57, 1301.). During the study it was found that HS12 contained a temperate Myoviridae phage; Myoviridae phage were subsequently excluded from the results. A total of 26 production wells, including 3 control sites, were sampled monthly and 6 monitoring wells were sampled every two weeks: Water reclamation plant effluents and river water upstream of effluent discharges were randomly sampled. The concentration and distribution of phage isolated was quite different in chlorinated effluent compared to river water. The majority of isolates from reclaimed water were filamentous DNA F-specific phage suggesting this group was more resistant to chlorine. Groundwater samples were analyzed using a novel large volume enrichment technique that proved very sensitive for detecting low concentrations of phage. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Cty Sanitat Dist Los Angeles Cty, San Jose Creek Water Qual Lab, Whittier, CA 90601 USA.
US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Yanko, WA (reprint author), Cty Sanitat Dist Los Angeles Cty, San Jose Creek Water Qual Lab, Whittier, CA 90601 USA.
EM byanko@lacsd.org
NR 32
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0043-1354
J9 WATER RES
JI Water Res.
PD JAN
PY 1999
VL 33
IS 1
BP 53
EP 64
DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00193-6
PG 12
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 149TL
UT WOS:000077621600007
ER
PT B
AU Brady, DJ
AF Brady, DJ
BE Olsen, DS
Potyondy, JP
TI Total maximum daily loads: Status and update
SO WILDLAND HYDROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference
CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999
CL BOZEMAN, MT
SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur
C1 US EPA, Off Water, Off Wetlands Oceans & Watersheds, Assessment & Watershed Protect Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Brady, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Water, Off Wetlands Oceans & Watersheds, Assessment & Watershed Protect Div, 401 M St SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
PI MIDDLEBURG
PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA
BN 1-882132-47-5
PY 1999
BP 23
EP 23
PG 1
WC Forestry; Water Resources
SC Forestry; Water Resources
GA BP21Q
UT WOS:000084434300002
ER
PT B
AU Nichols, JW
AF Nichols, JW
BE Smith, DJ
Gingerich, WH
BeconiBarker, MG
TI Recent advances in the development and use of physiologically based
toxicokinetic models for fish
SO XENOBIOTICS IN FISH
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Xenobiotic Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism by
Fish held at the Annual Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY APR 01-02, 1998
CL DALLAS, TX
SP Amer Chem Soc
ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; RENAL
EXCRETION; METABOLISM; PHARMACOKINETICS; BIOACCUMULATION; MICRODIALYSIS;
EXTRAPOLATION; ELIMINATION
AB Existing physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) models for fish accurately predict the uptake and disposition of waterborne organic chemicals of low to intermediate hydrophobicity. These models have been used to evaluate factors that control chemical kinetics in fish and to extrapolate data among fish species. The utility of these models is limited, however, by a lack of understanding of the factors that control chemical uptake from dietary sources and an inability to measure, describe, and predict metabolic biotransformation. In this chapter, critical questions related to dietary uptake and metabolic biotransformation are identified and discussed. Research with fish that addresses some of these questions is presented. Guidance is also provided from modeling efforts with mammalian species. It is recommended that future research be directed towards developing a relatively simple gut sub-model description. In vitro methods for characterizing chemical biotransformation must be complemented by new techniques for measuring metabolism in the intact animal.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
RP Nichols, JW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
NR 41
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
BN 0-306-46189-7
PY 1999
BP 87
EP 103
PG 17
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences
SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BQ66R
UT WOS:000089123700007
ER
PT J
AU Song, XB
Budde, WL
AF Song, XB
Budde, WL
TI Determination of chlorinated acid herbicides and related compounds in
water by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray negative ion mass
spectrometry
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
LA English
DT Article
DE water analysis; environmental analysis; capillary electrophoresis mass
spectrometry; pesticides; phenols; organochlorine compounds
ID PARTICLE-BEAM INTERFACE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS;
THERMOSPRAY; PESTICIDES; IONIZATION; EXTRACTION; SPECTRA
AB Capillary electrophoresis electrospray negative ion mass spectrometry was investigated for the determination of chlorinated acid herbicides and several phenols in water. Sixteen analytes were separated as their anions in less than 40 min with a buffer consisting of 5 mM ammonium acetate in isopropanol-water (40:60, v/v) at pH 10. A sample stacking technique was used to provide lower detection limits and a fortified drinking water sample was made pH 10 and analyzed without further processing. Quantitative analyses with an internal standard gave recoveries in the 91-124% range and replicate measurements of a calibration standard gave relative standard deviations in the range of 3-10%. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Budde, WL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin L King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 23
TC 40
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
J9 J CHROMATOGR A
JI J. Chromatogr. A
PD DEC 31
PY 1998
VL 829
IS 1-2
BP 327
EP 340
DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00801-2
PG 14
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 157UN
UT WOS:000078080200030
PM 9923086
ER
PT J
AU Koren, H
O'Neill, M
AF Koren, H
O'Neill, M
TI Experimental assessment of the influence of atmospheric pollutants on
respiratory disease
SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Congress of Toxicology
CY JUL 05-09, 1998
CL PARIS, FRANCE
SP Soc Francaise Toxicol
DE asthma; air pollution; experimental assessment; exposure chambers
ID ASTHMA; EXPOSURE; ALLERGEN
AB Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation, episodes of usually reversible airways obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The disease has significant health, societal and economic consequences. Experimental assessment methods, including controlled human exposure studies, human and animal dosimetry, as well as animal and in vitro toxicology, can shed light on how air pollutants may cause and/or worsen asthma. A brief summary background on selected classes of air pollutants is provided and selected experimental studies that exemplify novel approaches or suggest new hypotheses are highlighted. Possible directions for future research about the effects of particles, pesticides, ambient air toxicants, and pollutant mixtures on asthma, are also outlined. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Koren, H (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 26
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE,
IRELAND
SN 0378-4274
J9 TOXICOL LETT
JI Toxicol. Lett.
PD DEC 28
PY 1998
VL 103
BP 317
EP 321
PG 5
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 164KE
UT WOS:000078462400049
ER
PT J
AU Gray, LE
AF Gray, LE
TI Xenoendocrine disrupters: laboratory studies on male reproductive
effects
SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Congress of Toxicology
CY JUL 05-09, 1998
CL PARIS, FRANCE
SP Soc Francaise Toxicol
DE dioxins; phthalates; antiandrogens; vinclozolin; procymidone; DDE;
estrogens; reproduction
ID DOSE-RESPONSE ANALYSIS; SEX-DIFFERENTIATION; FEMALE RATS; EXPOSURE;
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; ANTIANDROGEN; PESTICIDES; TOXICITY; HAMSTERS;
PROSTATE
AB Wildlife from ecosystems contaminated with endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) display a variety of reproductive alterations including cryptorchidism in the Florida panther, small baculum in young male otters, small penises in alligators, sex reversal in fish, and altered social behavior in birds. It has been proposed that EDCs also may have contributed to increases in testicular cancer and hypospadias and the reported decline in human sperm counts. Combined in vivo and in vitro studies are necessary to fully characterize EDC induced alterations of reproduction. We have identified several pesticides (vinclozolin, procymidone, p,p'-DDE) which bind rat and human androgen receptors, block androgen-induced gene expression in vitro and in vivo, delay puberty, reduce sex accessory gland size and alter sex differentiation in the male rat. Some of the phthalates, which are estrogenic in vitro but not in vivo, cause malformations in male rats that appear to result from antagonism of androgens in utero. In contrast, xenoestrogens affect male offspring but they are not malformed or infertile. Prenatal administration of an Ah receptor agonist (2,3,7,8-TCDD or PCB 169) produces a different spectrum of effects including reduced ejaculated sperm numbers in male rats. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, Reprod Toxicol Div, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM gray.earl@epamail.epa.gov
NR 24
TC 24
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000,
IRELAND
SN 0378-4274
EI 1879-3169
J9 TOXICOL LETT
JI Toxicol. Lett.
PD DEC 28
PY 1998
VL 103
BP 331
EP 335
PG 5
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 164KE
UT WOS:000078462400051
ER
PT J
AU Richard, AM
AF Richard, AM
TI Commercial toxicology prediction systems: a regulatory perspective
SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Congress of Toxicology
CY JUL 05-09, 1998
CL PARIS, FRANCE
SP Soc Francaise Toxicol
DE toxicity prediction; SAR; commercial prediction systems; CASE;
MultiCASE; TOPKAT; DEREK; ONCOLOGIC; disinfection byproducts
ID AUTOMATED STRUCTURE EVALUATION; EXPERT-SYSTEMS; CHEMICALS;
IDENTIFICATION; PROGRAM; HAZARD; SAR
AB The use of commercial toxicity prediction systems in a regulatory setting must consider both the limitations and capabilities of the methods, as well as the ultimate use of the predictions, e.g. for testing prioritization, screening, or supporting regulatory decisions. Current systems are better suited to hazard identification (i.e. positive identification of activity-conferring features) than to ruling out hazard. Two recent examples (an EPA testing prioritization exercise for water disinfection byproducts and a regulatory action on 2,4,6-tribromophenol) illustrate issues involved in regulatory applications of SAR and commercial prediction systems. The challenge for the future will be to improve technologies for prediction within the constraints of available data, make optimal use of new test data, and better integrate elements of quantitative modeling (QSAR), empirical association, and biological and chemical mechanisms towards the goal of toxicity prediction. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Carcinogenesis Div MD68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Richard, AM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & environm Effects Res Lab, Environm Carcinogenesis Div MD68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 15
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE,
IRELAND
SN 0378-4274
J9 TOXICOL LETT
JI Toxicol. Lett.
PD DEC 28
PY 1998
VL 103
BP 611
EP 616
PG 6
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 164KE
UT WOS:000078462400099
ER
PT J
AU Tilson, HA
Kodavanti, PRS
Mundy, WR
Bushnell, PJ
AF Tilson, HA
Kodavanti, PRS
Mundy, WR
Bushnell, PJ
TI Neurotoxicity of environmental chemicals and their mechanism of action
SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Congress of Toxicology
CY JUL 05-09, 1998
CL PARIS, FRANCE
SP Soc Francaise Toxicol
DE developmental neurotoxicology; polychlorinated biphenyls; calcium;
homeostasis; PKC translocation; congener-specific effects
ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS;
RECEPTOR-BINDING; CONGENERS; EXPOSURE; RAT; GROWTH; MICE; DOPAMINE
AB Despite a ban on their manufacture in 1977, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are still found in significant quantities in the environment. Developmental exposure to PCBs and related compounds has been reported to be neurotoxic in human and animals. Research in our laboratory has focused on the possible site(s) and mechanism(s) of PCB-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Recent experiments with rats found that developmental exposure to Aroclor-1254 (ARC) affects the acquisition of a lever press response and produces long-term changes in calcium buffering and protein kinase C (PKC) activity in the brain. In vitro studies in our laboratory have found that ARC increases [H-3]phorbol ester binding, an indirect measure of PKC translocation, and inhibits calcium buffering in microsomes and mitochondria. Other experiments indicate that PCB congeners with chlorine substitutions at ortho- or low lateral substitutions are active in vitro, while non-ortho-substituted congeners are less active or inactive. Other research suggests that the lack of coplanarity of the PCB molecule is related to in vitro activity of PCB congeners. These studies indicate that in vivo developmental exposure to PCBs alters behavior and second messenger systems during adulthood, while in vitro experiments indicate that nervous system activity is related to ortho-substituted congeners that tend to be non-coplanar in configuration. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that developmental neurotoxicity of ARC is due, in part, to the presence of ortho-substituted PCB congeners. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Tilson, HA (reprint author), US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM tilson.hugh@epamail.epa.gov
NR 34
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000,
IRELAND
SN 0378-4274
EI 1879-3169
J9 TOXICOL LETT
JI Toxicol. Lett.
PD DEC 28
PY 1998
VL 103
BP 631
EP 635
PG 5
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 164KE
UT WOS:000078462400103
ER
PT J
AU Gray, LE
AF Gray, LE
TI Tiered screening and testing strategy for xenoestrogens and
antiandrogens
SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Congress of Toxicology
CY JUL 05-09, 1998
CL PARIS, FRANCE
SP Soc Francaise Toxicol
DE antiandrogens; estrogens; endocrine disruption
ID RECEPTOR
AB Anthropogenic chemicals that disrupt endocrine function during critical stages of development can produce profound reproductive alterations in both wildlife and humans. Of the tens of thousands of chemicals in existence, few have been tested for their ability to disrupt the endocrine system. Newly enacted legislation requires that the USEPA develop a chemical screening and testing program for endocrine effects. At present, the Endocrine Disrupters Screening and Testing Advisory Committee (EDSTAC) is considering a screening battery (Tier I) to detect (anti)estrogenic (E) (anti)androgenic (A) and antithyroid activities using in vivo and in vitro assays. In addition, the battery should detect alterations of hypothalamic-pituitary function, steroid/thyroid hormone synthesis as well as receptor-mediated effects in mammals and other taxa. Chemicals positive in Tier 1 should be labeled as potential endocrine disrupters and subjected to testing (Tier 2). The present discussion will provide examples of in vitro (receptor binding, gene expression and steroidogenesis) and in vivo assays for screening. Short-term in vivo assays which have been used to detect estrogenicity for over 70 years are still useful in this regard. Identification of (anti)androgenic activity is easily accomplished by examination of growth of androgen-dependent tissues in young castrated male rats, determination of the age at puberty (balanopreputial separation) or by examination of reproductive malformations after in utero exposure (hypospadias, testicular non-descent, retained nipples, a vaginal pouch, prostate agenesis, and reduced anogenital distance). Pubertal assays with intact animals will not only detect chemicals that after E-A function via their nuclear receptors, but also will detect altered hormone synthesis and alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. While in utero assays are critical for testing, presently they are not included in screening because they can be relatively long-term studies. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, NHEERL, RTD, Endocrinol Branch,Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Gray, LE (reprint author), US EPA, NHEERL, RTD, Endocrinol Branch,Reprod Toxicol Div, MD 72, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM gray.earl@epamail.epa.gov
NR 14
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000,
IRELAND
SN 0378-4274
EI 1879-3169
J9 TOXICOL LETT
JI Toxicol. Lett.
PD DEC 28
PY 1998
VL 103
BP 677
EP 680
PG 4
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 164KE
UT WOS:000078462400111
ER
PT J
AU Magnuson, ML
AF Magnuson, ML
TI Determination of bromate at parts-per-trillion levels by gas
chromatography mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionization
SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
DE bromate; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; negative chemical
ionization; disinfection by-product
ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; DRINKING-WATER; BOTTLED
WATER; OZONE
AB The ozonation of bromide-containing source waters produces bromate as a class 2B carcinogenic disinfection by-product. The present work describes the determination of bromate by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-NCIMS) following a bromate reaction/extraction procedure. The method detection limit for bromate based on 3.14 sigma(n-1) of seven replicate injections was 22 ng/l (parts-per-trillion). The overall GC-NCIMS analysis time was less than 5 min. Zn chlorinated waters, an interference is observed. Therefore, the current application is for unchlorinated waters, such as those produced in ozone contactors within water treatment plants, prior to the addition of chlorine. The bromate levels determined in these ozone contactor waters agreed within experimental error to the levels determined by an ion chromatographic technique. These water samples were fortified and recoveries ranged between 96% and 114% with relative standard deviation between 48 and 14%. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Treatment Technol Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Magnuson, ML (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Treatment Technol Evaluat Branch, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
NR 29
TC 23
Z9 26
U1 2
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0003-2670
J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA
JI Anal. Chim. Acta
PD DEC 25
PY 1998
VL 377
IS 1
BP 53
EP 60
DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00558-3
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 149RK
UT WOS:000077619000007
ER
PT J
AU Goldstein, AH
Goulden, ML
Munger, JW
Wofsy, SC
Geron, CD
AF Goldstein, AH
Goulden, ML
Munger, JW
Wofsy, SC
Geron, CD
TI Seasonal course of isoprene emissions from a midlatitude deciduous
forest
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOGENIC HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; EASTERN UNITED-STATES;
FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; RATE VARIABILITY; NITROGEN-OXIDES; ASPEN LEAVES;
OZONE; FLUXES; MODEL; SENSITIVITY
AB Continuous measurements of whole canopy isoprene emissions over an entire growing season are reported from Harvard Forest (42 degrees 32'N, 72 degrees 11'W). Emissions were calculated from the ratio of observed CO2 flux and gradient multiplied by the observed hydrocarbon gradients. In summer 1995, 24-hour average emissions of isoprene from June 1 through October 31 were 32.7 x 10(10) molecules cm(-2) s(-1) (mg C m(-2) h(-1) = 2.8 x 10(11) molecules cm(-2) s(-1)), and the mean midday mixing ratio was 4.4 ppbv at 24 m. Isoprene emissions were zero at night, increased through the morning with increasing air temperature and light, reached a peak in the afternoon between the peaks in air temperature and light, and then declined with light. Isoprene emissions were observed over a shorter seasonal period than photosynthetic carbon uptake. Isoprene emission was not detected from young leaves and reached a peak rate (normalized for response to measured light and temperature conditions) 4 weeks after leaf out and 2 weeks after emissions began. The normalized emission rate remained constant for approximately 65 days, then decreased steadily through September and into October. Total isoprene emissions over the growing season (42 kg C ha(-1) yr(-1)) were equal to 2% of the annual net uptake of carbon by the forest, Measured isoprene emissions were higher than the Biogenic Emission Inventory System-II model by at least 40% at midday and showed distinctly different diurnal and seasonal emission patterns. Seasonal adjustment factors (in addition to the light and temperature factors) should be incorporated into future empirical models of isoprene emissions. Comparison of measured isoprene emissions with estimates of anthropogenic volatile organic compound emissions suggests that isoprene is more important for ozone production in much of Massachusetts on hot summer days when the highest ozone events occur.
C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Goldstein, AH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Ecosyst Sci, 151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM ahg@nature.berkeley.edu
RI Goulden, Michael/B-9934-2008; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Munger,
J/H-4502-2013
OI Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452
NR 51
TC 76
Z9 78
U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD DEC 20
PY 1998
VL 103
IS D23
BP 31045
EP 31056
DI 10.1029/98JD02708
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 154GM
UT WOS:000077880800001
ER
PT J
AU Adams, RM
Hurd, BH
Lenhart, S
Leary, N
AF Adams, RM
Hurd, BH
Lenhart, S
Leary, N
TI Effects of global climate change on agriculture: an interpretative
review
SO CLIMATE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
DE climate change; agriculture; economic consequences; regional effects;
adaptations; uncertainty
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; RESPONSES; IMPACTS; YIELD; RISK
AB Climate is the primary determinant of agricultural productivity. Concern over the potential effects of long-term climatic change on agriculture has motivated a substantial body of research over the past decade. This body of research addresses possible physical effects of climatic change on agriculture, such as changes in crop and livestock yields, as well as the economic consequences of these potential yield changes. This paper reviews the extant literature on these physical and economic effects and interprets this research in terms of common themes or findings. Of particular interest are findings concerning the role of human adaptations in responding to climate change, possible regional impacts to agricultural systems and potential changes in patterns of food production and prices. Limitations and sensitivities of these findings are discussed and key areas of uncertainty are highlighted. Finally, some speculations regarding issues of potential importance in interpreting and using information on climate change and agriculture are presented.
C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
Hagler Bailly Inc, Boulder, CO 80306 USA.
US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Adams, RM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM richard.m.adams@orst.edu
NR 46
TC 134
Z9 137
U1 8
U2 50
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0936-577X
J9 CLIMATE RES
JI Clim. Res.
PD DEC 17
PY 1998
VL 11
IS 1
BP 19
EP 30
DI 10.3354/cr011019
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 168YF
UT WOS:000078720200003
ER
PT J
AU Winnett, SM
AF Winnett, SM
TI Potential effects of climate change on US forests: a review
SO CLIMATE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
DE impacts; responses; modeling; economic; physiological; bioclimatic;
ecotype; tree species
ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CARBON-DIOXIDE;
ELEVATED CO2; LOBLOLLY-PINE; NORTHERN HARDWOODS; TRANSIENT-RESPONSE;
NITROGEN LEVEL; AMBIENT OZONE; WATER-STRESS
AB Human-induced changes in climate are likely to affect U.S, domestic forests and the economic systems which rely on them. This paper reviews current knowledge of how changes in temperature and precipitation could affect tree species, forest ecosystems, and the forest products sector of the economy. The various types of models used to predict change and the results they calculate are examined. Models currently project both increases and decreases in the range of various species and ecosystems, and similar results for changes in the productivity, biomass and growth of forests in response to changes in climate. Results vary with the models used, the species or ecosystem studied, and the specific condition of the forest in question. The science of forests and global change is reviewed with regard to plant responses to enhanced CO2 environments and forests' response to other bioclimatic and indirect factors, such as insect predation, fire, climatic variation and ozone. Three studies of the economic effects of climate change on forests, which project a range of losses and benefits to the economy, are compared. Economic results vary directly with the results of the forest growth and productivity models which were employed as inputs. No one model can provide a complete answer, and current knowledge and models are limited in various ways which point to areas where further research could provide benefits.
C1 US EPA, Off Ecosyst Protect, Boston, MA 02203 USA.
RP Winnett, SM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Ecosyst Protect, Boston, MA 02203 USA.
EM winnett.steven@epamail.epa.gov
NR 76
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 8
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0936-577X
J9 CLIMATE RES
JI Clim. Res.
PD DEC 17
PY 1998
VL 11
IS 1
BP 39
EP 49
DI 10.3354/cr011039
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 168YF
UT WOS:000078720200005
ER
PT J
AU Scheraga, JD
Grambsch, AE
AF Scheraga, JD
Grambsch, AE
TI Risks, opportunities, and adaptation to climate change
SO CLIMATE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE adaptation; climate change; climate variability; risks; policy
ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; HEAT ISLAND; TEMPERATURE
AB Adaptation is an important approach for protecting human health, ecosystems, and economic systems from the risks posed by climate variability and change, and for exploiting beneficial opportunities provided by a changing climate. This paper presents 9 fundamental principles that should be considered when designing adaptation policy, for example, a sound understanding of the potential regional effects of climate on human and ecological systems is required to target appropriate investments in adaptive responses. The distribution of potential impacts across different populations and the mechanisms by which these impacts occur are also key to effective adaptation measures. Options for coping with climatic changes must be considered in the context of multiple stressors. Further, adaptation is likely to exhibit varying levels of effectiveness as demonstrated by current efforts to deal with climate variability. Potential adverse side effects of adaptive strategies must also be accounted for to avoid solutions that are worse than the problem. These issues and others are presented in this paper, with examples from various impacts studies to illustrate key points.
C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Scheraga, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Mail Code 8601-D,401 M St SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RI Quezada, George/I-1106-2012
OI Quezada, George/0000-0002-4060-6109
NR 46
TC 39
Z9 42
U1 2
U2 12
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0936-577X
J9 CLIMATE RES
JI Clim. Res.
PD DEC 17
PY 1998
VL 11
IS 1
BP 85
EP 95
DI 10.3354/cr011085
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 168YF
UT WOS:000078720200009
ER
PT J
AU Hamm, JT
Ross, DG
Richardson, VM
Diliberto, JJ
Birnbaum, LS
AF Hamm, JT
Ross, DG
Richardson, VM
Diliberto, JJ
Birnbaum, LS
TI Methoxyresondin: An inappropriate substrate for CYP1A2 in the mouse
SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE methoxyresorufin; CYP1A2; mouse; substrate specificity
ID MICE; INDUCTION; EXPRESSION; BINDING; TCDD; 1A2
AB Hepatic microsomes derived from Cyp1a2(-/-) knockout (KO) and parental strains of mice, C57BL/6N and 129Sv, were used to examine the specificity of methoxyresorufin and acetanilide as substrates for CYP1A2 activity. In addition, animals from each group were exposed to CYP1-inducing compounds. As expected, microsomes from untreated 1a2 KO mice did not have immunodetectable CYP1A2 protein; however, methoxyresorufin-O-demethylase (MROD, 25.5 +/- 6.1 pmol/min/mg protein) and acetanilide-4-hydroxylation (ACOH, 0.64 +/- 0.04 nmol/min/mg protein) activities were still present. Furthermore, induction of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in 1a2 KO mice was accompanied by a greater than 70-fold increase in MROD activity. In contrast, ACOH was only induced 2-fold by TCDD. As with 1a2 KO mice, the parental strains exposed to TCDD or 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4-PeCDF) showed substantial EROD and MROD induction, whereas ACOH activity was induced to a lesser degree. PCB153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl) resulted in low levels of both EROD and MROD induction. Results indicate that both substrates are subject to metabolism by non-CYP1A2 sources, and the apparent contribution of CYP1A1 activity to methoxyresorufin metabolism makes MROD unsuitable for differentiating CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 activities in the mouse. BIOCHEM PHARMACOL 56;12:1657-1660, 1998. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Hamm, JT (reprint author), US EPA UNC CH, NHEERL MD 74, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 15
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0006-2952
J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL
JI Biochem. Pharmacol.
PD DEC 15
PY 1998
VL 56
IS 12
BP 1657
EP 1660
DI 10.1016/S0006-2952(98)00241-X
PG 4
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 147HZ
UT WOS:000077484600014
PM 9973187
ER
PT J
AU Wongphatarakul, V
Friedlander, SK
Pinto, JP
AF Wongphatarakul, V
Friedlander, SK
Pinto, JP
TI A comparative study of PM2.5 ambient aerosol chemical databases
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID AIR-POLLUTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; PM10
AB Comparing PM2.5 chemical databases at different sites and times is of interest in developing air quality control strategies, planning health effects studies, and "harmonizing" international standards. Three methods of comparison were applied to databases for the fine aerosol from seven sites around the world, five urban and two nonurban. The most extensive database, for Los Angeles, was used as a reference. log-log plots of chemical concentrations at pairs of sampling sites provide an easily visualized comparison that can be characterized by the coefficient of divergence (CD) which approaches zero for similar sites and one if the sites are very different. Sites similar and dissimilar to downtown Los Angeles were Teplice (Czech Republic) and Taipei(Taiwan), respectively. Cluster analysis was used to group sampling sites with similar characteristics. The Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and Amazon Basin sampling sites each clustered strongly; Teplice fused with the Los Angeles cluster. Correlation coefficients for the spatial variation of the chemical components for aerosol sources provide a measure of source similarities for the Los Angeles sites. Differences in chemical component concentrations at different sites are caused not only by true chemical variations but also, by sampling and measurement artifacts. There is a need for intercomparison and calibration to reduce such effects.
C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Friedlander, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
NR 27
TC 139
Z9 150
U1 3
U2 27
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD DEC 15
PY 1998
VL 32
IS 24
BP 3926
EP 3934
DI 10.1021/es9800582
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 148YD
UT WOS:000077561200013
ER
PT J
AU Becker, S
Soukup, JM
AF Becker, S
Soukup, JM
TI Decreased CD11b expression, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst in urban
particulate pollution-exposed human monocytes and alveolar macrophages
SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A
LA English
DT Article
ID AIR-POLLUTION; COMPLEMENT RECEPTOR; FIBRONECTIN FRAGMENT; HOSPITAL
ADMISSIONS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; INFLAMMATORY SITES; AMBIENT AIR;
PARTICLES; ACTIVATION; INHALATION
AB Elevated levels of air pollution particulates less than or equal to 10 mu m in diameter (PM10) have been associated with an increase in mortality and morbidity due to pulmonary complications, including pneumonia. Impairment of inflammatory and host defense functions of the alveolar macrophage (AM) may be a precipitating factor. The present study was undertaken to determine whether human AM and blood derived monocytes (MO) modulate the expression of receptors important for phagocytosis of opsonized microbes (cD11b, CD11c), gram-negative bacteria (CD14), extracellular matrix interaction (CD29), and immune responses (CD11a, CD54, HLA-DR) when exposed to particulates obtained from urban air (UAP). Furthermore, phagocytosis of and oxidant generation by opsonized yeast were investigated in particle-exposed cells. AM and MO exposed to UAP for 18 h expressed significantly lower levels of CD I Ib and CD29. CD14 expression was markedly decreased in MO but not in AM, and CD I Ic was reduced in AM but not in MO. CD I la, CD54, and HLA-DR were unaltered in both phagocyte populations. Decreased receptor expression was not dependent on particle load in the cells. Phagocytosis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the chemiluminescence response were also significantly inhibited by UAP. Time-course studies revealed that decreased oxidant generation was evident already at 3 h postexposure, while significant effects on phagocytosis and CD11b expression were found at 18 h. These data indicate that exposure to particulate pollution is likely to impair host defense functions of AM and MO, which are important in elimination of a variety of pathogens in the lung.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Becker, S (reprint author), EPA Human Studies Bldg,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
NR 54
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND
SN 0098-4108
J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A
JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A
PD DEC 11
PY 1998
VL 55
IS 7
BP 455
EP 477
DI 10.1080/009841098158278
PG 23
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 143EN
UT WOS:000077242200001
PM 9860321
ER
PT J
AU Chuang, JC
Pollard, MA
Chou, YL
Menton, RG
Wilson, NK
AF Chuang, JC
Pollard, MA
Chou, YL
Menton, RG
Wilson, NK
TI Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in house dust and residential soil
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; PAH; dust; soil; GC/MS; enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay; ELISA
AB Two commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and carcinogenic PAH (C-PAH) were evaluated. The testing procedures were refined for application to screening PAH and C-PAH in house dust and soil samples for human exposure studies. The overall method precision expressed as percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) of triplicate real world dust and soil samples was within +/-29% (12-29%) for PAH ELISA and +/-21% (5.9-21%) for C-PAH ELISA. Spike recoveries from real world dust/soil samples were 114 +/- 30% for phenanthrene from PAH ELISA and 120 +/- 8.2% for benzo[a]pyrene from C-PAH ELISA. The overall method accuracy for PAH and C-PAH assays Cannot be assessed for multiple PAH components in dust/soil samples (which represent real-world samples), because of the assays' cross reactivities with other PAH components. Over 100 dust/soil samples from 13 North Carolina homes and 22 Arizona homes were analyzed by PAH and C-PAH assays, as well as by the conventional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method. Statistical analysis showed that dust/soil PAH data from ELISA and GC/MS methods are significantly different. In general PAH ELISA responses were higher than PAH GC/MS responses. The regression analysis showed that the linear relationship between ELISA and GC/MS measurements is not strong in the combined data. The relationship became stronger for the data from the same type of dust/soil samples. The screening performance of ELISA was evaluated based on the frequency distribution of ELISA and GC/MS data. The results indicated that the ELISA PAH and C-PAH assays cannot be used as a quantitative analytical tool for determining PAH in real-world dust/soil samples. However, the ELISA is an effective screening tool for ranking PAH concentrations in similar types of real world dust/soil samples. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA.
US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Chuang, JC (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA.
NR 15
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD DEC 11
PY 1998
VL 224
IS 1-3
BP 189
EP 199
DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00351-9
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 160MG
UT WOS:000078234000020
PM 9926435
ER
PT J
AU Sikdar, SK
Grosse, D
Rogut, I
AF Sikdar, SK
Grosse, D
Rogut, I
TI Membrane technologies for remediating contaminated soils: a critical
review
SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE soil cleanup; membrane treatment; superfund sites; remediation; soil
washing
ID WATER; DECONTAMINATION; PERVAPORATION; REMOVAL
AB Regulatory compliance requires that soils contaminated with toxic organic and metallic compounds be cleaned up. Several chemical and thermal detoxification technologies are commercially available for directly treating the contaminated soils excavated from contaminated sites. In contrast, soil washing with aqueous solutions transfers the contaminants from the solid matrix to the aqueous fraction which, then, needs to be further treated. Membranes have not been used much for treating these effluents. However, several membrane techniques appear promising. In these techniques, the main objective is to find ways of concentrating the contaminants with much higher volume reduction than is customarily available. Applications of membranes to soil washings should primarily be looked upon as an inexpensive aid to destruction, disposal, or recovery technologies that determine the ultimate fate of the contaminants. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Sikdar, SK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
EM sikdar.subhas@epamail.epa.gov
NR 35
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0376-7388
J9 J MEMBRANE SCI
JI J. Membr. Sci.
PD DEC 9
PY 1998
VL 151
IS 1
BP 75
EP 85
DI 10.1016/S0376-7388(98)00189-6
PG 11
WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science
SC Engineering; Polymer Science
GA 148FT
UT WOS:000077494900008
ER
PT J
AU Van Emon, JM
Gerlach, CL
AF Van Emon, JM
Gerlach, CL
TI Expanding the role of environmental immunoassays: technical
capabilities, regulatory issues, and communication vehicles
SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th Annual Immunochemistry Summit Meeting
CY SEP 08-09, 1997
CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
DE ELISA; environmental monitoring; human exposure; immunoassay
ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY
AB Large numbers of samples are commonplace in environmental monitoring and human exposure assessment studies. When the goals of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Research and Development (sound methods, integrated with human and ecological health, common sense approaches, and cost-effective technologies) are coupled with the requirements of these large-scale studies, the importance of methods like immunoassays is evident. In this paper, regulatory issues, technical advances, and communication methods are discussed which have contributed to the continued success of immunoassays in environmental monitoring and human exposure studies. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure Res Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
Lockheed Martin Environm Serv, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA.
RP Van Emon, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure Res Branch, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
NR 17
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0003-2670
J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA
JI Anal. Chim. Acta
PD DEC 4
PY 1998
VL 376
IS 1
BP 55
EP 59
DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00432-2
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 149DE
UT WOS:000077589200008
ER
PT J
AU Chuang, JC
Miller, LS
Davis, DB
Peven, CS
Johnson, JC
Van Emon, JM
AF Chuang, JC
Miller, LS
Davis, DB
Peven, CS
Johnson, JC
Van Emon, JM
TI Analysis of soil and dust samples for polychlorinated biphenyls by
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th Annual Immunochemistry Summit Meeting
CY SEP 08-09, 1997
CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
DE ELISA; GC/ECD; PCB; aroclor; house dust; soil
AB An inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in house dust and soil. Soil and house dust samples were analyzed for PCB by both gas chromatography/electron capture detection (GC/ECD) and ELISA methods. A correlation coefficient of 0.91 was obtained for the 41 soil samples. The correlation between the GC/ECD and the ELISA methods for the 10 house dust samples was not as good as that for the soil samples. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA.
RP Van Emon, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
NR 6
TC 20
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0003-2670
J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA
JI Anal. Chim. Acta
PD DEC 4
PY 1998
VL 376
IS 1
BP 67
EP 75
DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00439-5
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 149DE
UT WOS:000077589200010
ER
PT J
AU Goldman, LR
AF Goldman, LR
TI Lead regulation
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Goldman, LR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RI Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012
NR 4
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD DEC 4
PY 1998
VL 282
IS 5395
BP 1825
EP 1826
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 144WG
UT WOS:000077338100021
PM 9874633
ER
PT J
AU Owens, NN
Swinton, SM
Van Ravenswaay, EO
AF Owens, NN
Swinton, SM
Van Ravenswaay, EO
TI Farmer willingness to pay for herbicide safety characteristics.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC
PI AMES
PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA
SN 0002-9092
J9 AM J AGR ECON
JI Am. J. Agr. Econ.
PD DEC
PY 1998
VL 80
IS 5
BP 1198
EP 1198
PG 1
WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics
SC Agriculture; Business & Economics
GA 163CZ
UT WOS:000078386300379
ER
PT J
AU Narotsky, MG
Schmid, JE
Andrews, JE
Kavlock, RJ
AF Narotsky, MG
Schmid, JE
Andrews, JE
Kavlock, RJ
TI Effects of boric acid on axial skeletal development in rats
SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE boric acid; boron; axial skeleton; somite; rib; vertebra
ID WHOLE-EMBRYO CULTURE; MICE; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; TERATOGENICITY;
TRANSFORMATION; METHANOL; DEFECTS; SYSTEM
AB Prenatal exposure to elevated levels of boric acid (BA) causes reduced incidences of supernumerary ribs and shortening/absence of the 13th rib in multiple laboratory species. To explore this further, Sprague-Dawley rats received 500 mg/kg b.i.d. on gestation days (gd) 5-9, 6-9, 6-10, or on single days between gd 6 and 11 (plug day = gd 0); gd-21 fetuses were stained for skeletal examination. Following multiday exposures, malformations of the axial skeleton involved the head, sternum, ribs, and vertebrae. Shortening/absence of the 13th rib was seen particularly in the gd 5-9 and 6-10 exposure groups. Although most groups exposed on single days were generally unaffected, about 90% of the gd-9 exposed fetuses had only six cervical vertebrae; the deficient region was usually C3-C5. In contrast, gd-10 treatment caused agenesis of a thoracic/lumbar vertebra in over 60% of the fetuses; the deficient region was usually T11. For 13-ribbed fetuses, the length of rib 13 was shortened compared to controls. Postnatal assessment suggested increased mortality for gd-10 exposed pups. Embryos in culture showed reduced development when exposed to BA for 48 h. These findings demonstrate the critical periods for axial development in the rat and provide an experimental model for the study of homeotic shifts.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res & Adm Support Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Narotsky, MG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Reprod Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 21
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 1
PU HUMANA PRESS INC
PI TOTOWA
PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA
SN 0163-4984
J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES
JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res.
PD WIN
PY 1998
VL 66
IS 1-3
BP 373
EP 394
DI 10.1007/BF02783149
PG 22
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 166EM
UT WOS:000078563300029
PM 10050931
ER
PT J
AU Dourson, M
Maier, A
Meek, B
Renwick, A
Ohanian, E
Poirier, K
AF Dourson, M
Maier, A
Meek, B
Renwick, A
Ohanian, E
Poirier, K
TI Boron tolerable intake - Re-evaluation of toxicokinetics for
data-derived uncertainty factors
SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE boron; tolerable intake; uncertainty factor; toxicokinetics
ID BORIC-ACID; DIETARY BORON; SAFETY FACTORS; RATS; BLOOD; PREGNANCY;
PLASMA; BONE; RISK
AB Boron, which is ubiquitous in the environment, causes developmental and reproductive effects in experimental animals. This observation has led to efforts to establish a Tolerable Intake value for boron. Although risk assessors agree on the use of fetal weight decreases observed in rats as an appropriate critical effect, consensus on the adequacy of toxicokinetic data as a basis for replacement of default uncertainty factors remains to be reached. A critical analysis of the existing data on boron toxicokinetics was conducted to clarify the appropriateness of replacing default uncertainty factors (10-fold for interspecies differences and 10-fold for intraspecies differences) with data-derived values.
The default uncertainty factor for variability in response from animals to humans of 10-fold (default values of 4-fold for kinetics and 2.5-fold for dynamics) was recommended, since clearance of boron is 3- to 4-fold higher in rats than in humans and data on dynamic differences-in order to modify the default value-are unavailable. A data-derived adjustment of 6-fold (1.8 for kinetics and 3.1 for dynamics) rather than the default uncertainty factor of 10-fold was considered appropriate for intrahuman variability, based on variability in glomerular filtration rate during pregnancy in humans and the lack of available data on dynamic differences. Additional studies to investigate the toxicokinetics of boron in rats would be useful to provide a stronger basis for replacement of default uncertainty factors for interspecies variation.
C1 Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH USA.
Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada.
Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England.
US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Dourson, M (reprint author), Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH USA.
NR 32
TC 22
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 2
PU HUMANA PRESS INC
PI TOTOWA
PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA
SN 0163-4984
J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES
JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res.
PD WIN
PY 1998
VL 66
IS 1-3
BP 453
EP 463
DI 10.1007/BF02783155
PG 11
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 166EM
UT WOS:000078563300035
PM 10050937
ER
PT J
AU Olszyk, D
Wise, C
VanEss, E
Apple, M
Tingey, D
AF Olszyk, D
Wise, C
VanEss, E
Apple, M
Tingey, D
TI Phenology and growth of shoots, needles, and buds of Douglas-fir
seedlings with elevated CO2 and (or) temperature
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE
LA English
DT Article
DE climate change; leaf nitrogen; Pseudotsuga menziesii; shoot growth;
lammas growth
ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; WOODY-PLANTS; RESPONSES; SEASONALITY;
HARDINESS; BURST; TREES; PINE
AB Increased atmospheric CO2 and global warming may affect overall tree growth, but impacts of these combined stresses are largely unknown in terms of multiple growing season impacts on specific flushes. Thus, the effects of ambient or elevated CO2 (approximately 200 mu mol.mol(-1) above ambient) and ambient or elevated temperature (approximately 4 degrees C above ambient) were evaluated for both main and second (lammas) flushes of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France). Established seedlings were grown for three full growing seasons in outdoor, sunlit chambers, which maintained diel and seasonal variation in climate. A reconstructed forest soil was used with a seasonal wet and dry cycle and without added fertilizer. Compared with ambient CO2 elevated CO2 had no impact on overall phenology and growth of terminal shoots, needles, or buds. In contrast, compared with ambient temperature, elevated temperature resulted in higher shoot and needle growth rates early in the season; reduced final terminal shoot length; and either reduced, increased, or unchanged final needle length, depending on season. Initiation of the lammas flush was delayed and (or) decreased at elevated temperature. Leading terminal bud break and growth occurred earlier; however, resting bud length was reduced, and bud width tended to increase with elevated temperature. Thus, at least during early seedling growth, elevated temperatures may reduce both main- and lammas-flush growth, thereby altering tree productivity, whereas elevated CO2 may have little effect on main or lammas growth at either the current or elevated temperature.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, W Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RP Olszyk, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, W Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
NR 35
TC 22
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 10
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4026
J9 CAN J BOT
JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot.
PD DEC
PY 1998
VL 76
IS 12
BP 1991
EP 2001
PG 11
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 212UK
UT WOS:000081235800002
ER
PT J
AU Nesnow, S
Davis, C
Padgett, W
George, M
Lambert, G
Meyers, F
Allison, J
Adams, L
King, LC
AF Nesnow, S
Davis, C
Padgett, W
George, M
Lambert, G
Meyers, F
Allison, J
Adams, L
King, LC
TI Metabolic activation of racemic and enantiomeric
trans-8,9-dihydroxy-8,9-dihydrodibenzo[a,l]pyrene
(dibenzo[def,p]chrysene) to dibenzo[a,l]pyrene-bis-dihydrodiols by
induced rat liver microsomes and a recombinant human P450 1A1 system:
The role of the K-region-derived metabolic intermediates in the
formation of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene-DNA adducts
SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TUMOR-INITIATING ACTIVITY; DIVERSE DNA
ADDUCTS; MOUSE SKIN; FJORD-REGION; CARCINOGEN DIBENZOPYRENE;
STEREOSELECTIVE ACTIVATION; ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION; TRANS-DIHYDRODIOLS;
C3H10T1/2CL8 CELLS
AB Metabolic activation studies of dibenzo[a,l] pyrene (DB[a,l]P) (dibenzo[def,p] chrysene), an extremely potent environmental carcinogen, have been focused on metabolism at the fjord region, a region associated with high mutagenic and carcinogenic activities of the col rer;ponding fjord-region DB[a,l]P-11,12-diol-13,14-epoxides. DB[a,l]P is metabolized by beta-naphthoflavone (BNF)- and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced rat liver microsomes and a recombinant human P450 1A1 system to two major dihydrodiols, the K-region dihydrodiol, DB[a,l]P-8,9-dihydrodiol (DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol), and the fjord-region dihydrodiol, DB[a,l]P-11,12-dihydrodiol. We have investigated the further metabolic activation of BB[a,l]P-8,9-diol by BNF-induced rat liver microsomes and a recombinant human P450 1A1 system with epoxide hydrolase to DB[a,l]P- bis-diols and to DNA adducts. (+/-)-trans-DB[a,;]P-8,9-diol was synthesized and resolved into its enantiomers. Racemic trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol was metabolized by BNF-induced rat liver microsomes to six metabolites: two diastereomers of trans,trans-DB[a,;l]P-8,9:11,12-bis-diol, two diastereomers of trans, cis-DB[a,l]P-8,9:11,12-bis-diol, and two diastereomers of trans-DB- [a,l]P-8,9:13,14-bis-diol as characterized by NMR, MS, and UV spectroscopy. Metabolic studies using both enantiomeric (-)- and (+)-trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol further demonstrated that each diastereomer of trans,trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9:11,12-bis-diol and trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9:13,14-bis-diol was comprised of two enantiomers. Similarly, incubations of enantiomeric or racemic trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol with a recombinant human P450 1A1 system and epoxide hydrolase also gave the same two enantiomeric mixtures of diastereomers of trans,trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9:11,12-bis-diol and the same two enantiomeric mixtures of diastereomers of trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9:13,14-bis diol. This suggested that the microsomal oxidations of (-)- and (+)-trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol were stereospecific. The stereospecific formation of enantiomers of trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol from DB[a,l]P was examined using both BNF-induced rat liver microsomes and a recombinant human P450 1A1 system with epoxide hydrolase, Stereospecificity was observed as both metabolic systems favored the formation of (-)-trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol by 8-9-fold. DNA adduct studies were undertaken using TLC/HPLC P-32-postlabeling techniques. In the presence of a recombinant human P450 1A1, system with epoxide hydrolase, DB[a,l]P gave two groups of calf thymus DNA adducts. The group of later-eluting adducts were identified as at ising from syn- and anti-DB[a,l]P-11,12-diol-13-14-epoxides, while the more polar early-eluting adducts were derived, in part, from the further activation of trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol. Our data indicate that, in P450 1A1-mediated microsomal incubations, DB[a,l]P is metabolized to trans-DB[a,l]P-8-9-diol which is further metabolized to DB[a,l]P-bis-diols. trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol is metabolically activated to intermediates that can bind to DNA and give DNA adducts similar to those observed with DB[a,l]P. These results indicate that DB[a,l]P can be metabolically activated by both fjord-region and K-region pathways.
C1 US EPA, Biochem & Pathobiol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA.
RP Nesnow, S (reprint author), US EPA, Biochem & Pathobiol Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 53
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0893-228X
J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL
JI Chem. Res. Toxicol.
PD DEC
PY 1998
VL 11
IS 12
BP 1596
EP 1607
DI 10.1021/tx9801561
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology
GA 151TY
UT WOS:000077737800028
PM 9860506
ER
PT J
AU Collins, P
Ng, AS
Ramanujam, R
AF Collins, P
Ng, AS
Ramanujam, R
TI Superfund success, superfast
SO CIVIL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
AB After years of indecision, unprecedented cooperation closed the McColl site in record time and set a new standard for Superfund site closure.
C1 ICF Kaiser Engineers, Oakland, CA USA.
US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Collins, P (reprint author), US EPA, Reg 9, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 1
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA
SN 0885-7024
J9 CIVIL ENG
JI Civil Eng.
PD DEC
PY 1998
VL 68
IS 12
BP 42
EP 45
PG 4
WC Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA 143FF
UT WOS:000077244000044
ER
PT J
AU James, RR
Croft, BA
Shaffer, BT
Lighthart, B
AF James, RR
Croft, BA
Shaffer, BT
Lighthart, B
TI Impact of temperature and humidity on host-pathogen interactions between
Beauveria bassiana and a coccinellid
SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Beauveria bassiana; Hippodamia convergens; temperature; relative
humidity; biological control; microbial pesticides
ID LADY BEETLE COLEOPTERA; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE;
SUSCEPTIBILITY; FUNGI; FIELD; PROPHENOLOXIDASE; ENTOMOPHTHORALES;
LEPIDOPTERA; ORTHOPTERA
AB We tested the effect of 2 exposure methods and environmental factors, temperature and humidity, on Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) mycosis in Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). We found that the standard EPA bioassay method of exposing nontarget insects by immersion resulted in a per-insect dose that was 5 times greater than that from spray applications. However, this difference did not significantly affect mycosis levels in a simulation of field applications conducted in the greenhouse, in contrast, differences in environmental conditions between the laboratory and greenhouse had a large effect on mycosis. Constant temperatures between 15 and 3.5 degrees C had a significant effect on both germination rate and vegetative growth of B bassiana, with the fastest germination occurring at 25-32 degrees C and the fastest growth occurring at 30 degrees C. Although temperature affected the rate of conidial germination, total germination eventually reached 97-100% at all temperatures. Contrary to these results, levels of mycosis in lady beetles decreased as temperatures increased over this same range, Although high levels of humidity are required for conidial germination, we found no well-defined threshold period of high humidity exposure required for mycosis in this insect. In other words, the effects of temperature and humidity on free-living stages of the pathogen are not sufficient to explain the effect of these factors on mycosis. We suggest that temperature and humidity also affect physiological interactions between the host and pathogen.
C1 ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA.
Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
Oregon State Univ, Dept Entomol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
RP James, RR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA.
NR 36
TC 34
Z9 39
U1 1
U2 7
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0046-225X
J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL
JI Environ. Entomol.
PD DEC
PY 1998
VL 27
IS 6
BP 1506
EP 1513
PG 8
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 156XE
UT WOS:000078027000028
ER
PT J
AU Kavlock, RJ
AF Kavlock, RJ
TI What's happening to our frogs?
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
ID FETAX; ASSAY
C1 US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Kavlock, RJ (reprint author), US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 16
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD DEC
PY 1998
VL 106
IS 12
BP 773
EP 774
DI 10.2307/3434120
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 155PB
UT WOS:000077954600017
PM 9831537
ER
PT J
AU Van den Berg, M
Birnbaum, L
Bosveld, ATC
Brunstrom, B
Cook, P
Feeley, M
Giesy, JP
Hanberg, A
Hasegawa, R
Kennedy, SW
Kubiak, T
Larsen, JC
van Leeuwen, FXR
Liem, AKD
Nolt, C
Peterson, RE
Poellinger, L
Safe, S
Schrenk, D
Tillitt, D
Tysklind, M
Younes, M
Waern, F
Zacharewski, T
AF Van den Berg, M
Birnbaum, L
Bosveld, ATC
Brunstrom, B
Cook, P
Feeley, M
Giesy, JP
Hanberg, A
Hasegawa, R
Kennedy, SW
Kubiak, T
Larsen, JC
van Leeuwen, FXR
Liem, AKD
Nolt, C
Peterson, RE
Poellinger, L
Safe, S
Schrenk, D
Tillitt, D
Tysklind, M
Younes, M
Waern, F
Zacharewski, T
TI Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and
wildlife
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Review
DE dioxins; humans; PCBs; polychlorinated biphenyls; TEFs; toxic
equivalency; uncertainties; wildlife
ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; ARYL-HYDROCARBON
HYDROXYLASE; LIFE-STAGE MORTALITY; CHLORINATED AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS;
TUMOR-PROMOTING ACTIVITY; MIXED-FUNCTION OXIDASES; EROD-INDUCING
POTENCY; LIVER-CELL-LINES; PLANAR HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS
AB An expert meeting was organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and held in Stockholm on 15-18 June 1997. The objective of this meeting was to derive consensus toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxinlike polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for both human, fish, and wildlife risk assessment. Based on existing literature data, TEFs were (re)evaluated and either revised (mammals) or established (fish and birds). A few mammalian WHO-TEFs were revised, including 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorinated DD, octachlorinated DD, octachlorinated DF, and PCB 77. These mammalian TEFs are also considered applicable for humans and wild mammalian species. Furthermore, it was concluded that there was insufficient in viva evidence to continue the use of TEFs for some di-ortho PCBs, as suggested earlier by Ahlborg et al. [Chemosphere 28:1049-1067 (1994)]. In addition, TEFs for fish and birds were determined. The WHO working group attempted to harmonize TEFs across different taxa to the extent possible. However, total synchronization of TEFs was not feasible, as there were orders of a magnitude difference in TEFs between taxa for some compounds. In this respect, the absent or very low response of fish to mono-ortho PCBs is most noticeable compared to mammals and birds. Uncertainties that could compromise the TEF concept were also reviewed, including nonadditive interactions, differences in shape of the dose-response curve, and species responsiveness. In spite of these uncertainties, it was concluded that the TEF concept is still the most plausible and feasible approach for risk assessment of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons with dioxinlike properties.
C1 WHO, European Ctr Environm & Hlth, Bilthoven Div, NL-3730 AA De Bilt, Netherlands.
Univ Utrecht, Toxicol Res Inst, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands.
US EPA, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
DLO, Inst Forestry & Nat Res, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
Uppsala Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Uppsala, Sweden.
US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
Hlth Canada, Toxicol Evaluat Sect, Bur Chem Safety, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada.
Michigan State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden.
Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Toxicol, Tokyo 158, Japan.
Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Hull, PQ, Canada.
US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Contaminants, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
Minist Hlth, Natl Food Agcy Denmark, Inst Toxicol, Soborg, Denmark.
Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Protect, Lab Organ Analyt Chem, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands.
US EPA, Off Sci Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
Univ Wisconsin, Sch Pharm, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
Karolinska Inst, Mol Biol Lab, Dept Cellular & Mol Biol, Stockholm, Sweden.
Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
Univ Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
US Geol Survey, Environm & Contaminants Res Ctr, Biol Resource Div, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
Umea Univ, Inst Environm Chem, S-90187 Umea, Sweden.
WHO, Programme Promot Chem Safety, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RP van Leeuwen, FXR (reprint author), WHO, European Ctr Environm & Hlth, Bilthoven Div, POB 10, NL-3730 AA De Bilt, Netherlands.
OI Hanberg, Annika/0000-0001-7255-9856
NR 224
TC 2199
Z9 2248
U1 45
U2 385
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD DEC
PY 1998
VL 106
IS 12
BP 775
EP 792
DI 10.1289/ehp.98106775
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 155PB
UT WOS:000077954600018
PM 9831538
ER
PT J
AU Nesnow, S
Mass, MJ
Ross, JA
Galati, AJ
Lambert, GR
Gennings, C
Carter, WH
Stoner, GD
AF Nesnow, S
Mass, MJ
Ross, JA
Galati, AJ
Lambert, GR
Gennings, C
Carter, WH
Stoner, GD
TI Lung tumorigenic interactions in strain A/J mice of five environmental
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Current Issues of Chemical Mixtures
CY AUG 11-13, 1997
CL FT COLLINS, COLORADO
SP Colorado State Univ, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci Superfund Basic Res Program, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, US EPA,. Reg VIII Off, USA Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Elect Power Res Inst
DE carcinogenesis; mixtures; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons;
interactions; response surface modeling
ID RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; KI-RAS ONCOGENE; DNA-ADDUCTS; MOUSE SKIN;
METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; COVALENT BINDING; MUTATIONS;
BENZOPYRENE; DIBENZANTHRACENE
AB The binary, ternary, quaternary, and quintary interactions of a five-component mixture of carcinogenic environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using response surface analyses are described. Initially, lung tumor dose-response curves in strain A/J mice for each of the individual PAHs benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA), 5-methylchrysene (5MC), and cyclopenta[cd]pyrene (CPP) were obtained. From these data, doses were selected for the quintary mixture study based on toxicity, survival, range of response, and predicted tumor yields. The ratios of doses among PAHs were designed to simulate PAH ratios found in environmental air and combustion samples. Quintary mixtures of B[a]P, B[b]F, DBA, 5MC, and CPP were administered to male strain A/J mice in a 2(5) factorial 32-dose group dosing scheme (combinations of five PAHs each at either high or low doses) and lung adenomas were scored. Comparison of observed lung adenoma formation with that expected from additivity identified both greater than additive and less than additive interactions that were dose related i.e., greater than additive at lower doses and less than additive at higher doses. To identify specific interactions, a response surface analysis using response addition was applied to the tumor data. This response surface model contained five dose, ten binary, ten ternary, five quaternary, and one quintary parameter. This analysis produced statistically significant values for 16 parameters. The model and model parameters were evaluated by estimating the dose-response relationships for each of the five PAHs. The predicted dose-response curves for all five PAHs indicated a good estimation. The binary interaction functions were dominated for the most part by DBA and were inhibitory. The response surface model predicted, to a significant degree, the observed lung tumorigenic responses of the quintary mixtures. These data suggest that although interactions between PAHs do occur, they are limited in extent.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Biochem & Pathobiol Branch MD68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
Med Coll Ohio, Dept Pathol, Toledo, OH 43699 USA.
Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA USA.
Ohio State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
RP Nesnow, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Biochem & Pathobiol Branch MD68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM nesnow.stephen@epamail.epa.gov
RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010
OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548
NR 54
TC 39
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 4
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD DEC
PY 1998
VL 106
SU 6
BP 1337
EP 1346
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 156NT
UT WOS:000078008100012
PM 9860890
ER
PT J
AU Hughes, TJ
Claxton, LD
Brooks, L
Warren, S
Brenner, R
Kremer, F
AF Hughes, TJ
Claxton, LD
Brooks, L
Warren, S
Brenner, R
Kremer, F
TI Genotoxicity of bioremediated soils from the Reilly Tar site, St. Louis
Park, Minnesota
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Current Issues of Chemical Mixtures
CY AUG 11-13, 1997
CL FT COLLINS, COLORADO
SP Colorado State Univ, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci Superfund Basic Res Program, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, US EPA,. Reg VIII Off, USA Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Elect Power Res Inst
DE bioremediation; creosote; mutagenicity; Superfund; Salmonella assay;
bioavailability; reproducibility
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TYPHIMURIUM MUTAGENICITY ASSAY;
WOOD-PRESERVING WASTE; CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; COAL-TAR; BACTERIAL
MUTAGENICITY; BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT; EXOGENOUS ACTIVATION; HEPATIC
NEOPLASMS; SALMONELLA TEST
AB An in vitro approach was used to measure the genotoxicity of creosote-contaminated soil before and after four bioremediation processes. The soil was taken from the Reilly Tar site, a closed Superfund site in Saint Louis Park, Minnesota. The creosote soil was bioremediated in bioslurry, biopile, compost. and land treatment, which were optimized for effective treatment Mutagenicity profiles of dichloromethane extracts of the five soils were determined in the Spiral technique of the Salmonella assay with seven tester strains. Quantitative mutagenic responses in the plate incorporation technique were then determined in the most sensitive strains, YG1041 and YG1042. Mutagenic potency (revertants per microgram extract) in YG1041 suggested that compost, land treatment, and untreated creosote soil extracts were moderately mutagenic with Arochlor-induced rat liver (S9) but were nonmutagenic without S9. However. the bioslurry extract was strongly mutagenic and the biopile extract was moderately mutagenic either with or without S9. A similar trend was obtained in strain YG1042. The strong mutagenic activity in the bioslurry extract was reduced by 50% in TA98NR, which suggested the presence of mutagenic nitrohydrocarbons. Variation in reproducibility was 15% or less for the bioassay and extraction procedures. Bioavailability of mutagens in the biopile soil was determined with six solvents, water-soluble mutagens accounted for 40% of the total mutagenic activity and they were stable at room temperature. The mutagenic activity in the bioslurry and biopile samples was due to either the processes themselves or to the added sludge/manure amendments. The in vitro approach was effective in monitoring bioremediated soils for genotoxicity and will be useful in future laboratory and in situ studies.
C1 US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Hughes, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 68,86 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583
NR 63
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 7
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD DEC
PY 1998
VL 106
SU 6
BP 1427
EP 1433
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 156NT
UT WOS:000078008100023
PM 9860901
ER
PT J
AU Brooks, LR
Hughes, TJ
Claxton, LD
Austern, B
Brenner, R
Kremer, F
AF Brooks, LR
Hughes, TJ
Claxton, LD
Austern, B
Brenner, R
Kremer, F
TI Bioassay-directed fractionation and chemical identification of mutagens
in bioremediated soils
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Current Issues of Chemical Mixtures
CY AUG 11-13, 1997
CL FT COLLINS, COLORADO
SP Colorado State Univ, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci Superfund Basic Res Program, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, US EPA,. Reg VIII Off, USA Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Elect Power Res Inst
DE fractionation; bioremediation; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons;
Salmonella; mutagenicity
ID AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; SALMONELLA
AB Soil from a Superfund site (Reilly Tar Site, St. Louis Park, Minnesota) contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from creosote was treated with several bioremediation technologies including bioslurry (BS), biopile (BP), compost (CMP), and land treatment (LT). These treatment technologies are being evaluated in pilot scale laboratory systems by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Risk Management Research Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio. To evaluate the genotoxicity and identify the mutagens in the soil before and after the various treatments, fractionated extracts of five soils were bioassayed for mutagenic activity with a microsuspension modification of the Salmonella histidine reversion assay. Soils were extracted by sonication using dichloromethane (DCM). The five extracts were fractionated in triplicate (two for bioassay and one for chemical analysis) by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using hexane/DCM/methanol, and the fractions for bioassay were solvent-exchanged into dimethyl sulfoxide by nitrogen evaporation. Forty HPLC fractions for each sample were bioassayed in strain YG1041 with and without exogenous liver metabolic activation. As shown in a companion paper, the mutagenicity of two treatments (BS and BP) was significantly greater than the mutagenicity of the untreated soil. Mutagenic fractions (>500 revertants) were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). PAH analysis of the soils indicated that all treatments were effective in reducing the total PAH concentration (48-74%). Qualitative GC/MS analysis of the mutagenic fractions from the BS and BP treatments indicated that they contained azaarenes, which are mutagens. The CMP and LT processes were the most effective and least toxic bioremediation procedures based on mutagenic potency and chemical analysis. This research demonstrated that the combination of bioassays and chemical analysis provided a more accurate determination of toxicity in these complex environmental mixtures.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Brooks, LR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, MD-68, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM brooks.lance@epamail.epa.gov
OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583
NR 23
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 13
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD DEC
PY 1998
VL 106
SU 6
BP 1435
EP 1440
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 156NT
UT WOS:000078008100024
PM 9860902
ER
PT J
AU Mahaffey, KR
AF Mahaffey, KR
TI Predicting blood lead concentrations from lead in environmental media
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Current Issues of Chemical Mixtures
CY AUG 11-13, 1997
CL FT COLLINS, COLORADO
SP Colorado State Univ, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci Superfund Basic Res Program, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, US EPA,. Reg VIII Off, USA Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Elect Power Res Inst
DE lead; bone; blood; physiologically based modeling; biokinetics; risk
assessment; risk characterization; soil lead; dust lead
ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; NON-EXPOSED POPULATION; SOUTHERN BAVARIA
FRG; NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT;
PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; HUMAN BONES; SKELETON; FOOD
AB Policy statements providing health and environmental criteria for blood lead (PbB) often give recommendations on an acceptable distribution of PbB concentrations Such statements may recommend distributions of PbB concentrations including an upper range (e.g., maximum and/or 90th percentile values) and central tendency (e.g., mean and/or 50th percentile) of the PbB distribution. Two major, and fundamentally dissimilar, methods to predict the distribution of PbB are currently in use: statistical analyses of epidemiologic data, and application of biokinetic models to environmental lead measurements to predict PbB. Although biokinetic models may include a parameter to predict contribution of lead from bone (PbBone), contemporary data based on chemical analyses of pediatric bone samples are rare. Dramatic decreases in environmental lead exposures over the past 15 years make questionable use of earlier data on PbBone concentrations to estimate a contribution of lead from bone; often used by physiologic modelers to predict PbB. X-ray fluorescent techniques estimating PbBone typically have an instrument-based quantitation limit that is too high for use with many young children. While these quantitation limits have improved during the late 1990s, PbBone estimates using an epidemiologic approach to describing these limits for general populations of children may generate values lower than the instrument's quantitation limit. Additional problems that occur in predicting PbB from environmental lead by biokinetic modeling include a) uncertainty regarding the fractional lead absorption by young children; b) questions of bioavailabilty of specific environmental sources of lead; and c) variability in fractional absorption values over a range of exposures. Additional sources of variability in lead exposures that affect predictions of PbB from models include differences in the prevalence of such child behaviors as intensity of hand-to-mouth activity and pica. In contrast with these sources of uncertainty and variability affecting physiologic modeling of PbB distributions, epidemiologic data reporting PbB values obtained by chemical analyses of blood samples avoid these problems but raise other issues about the validity of the representation of the subsample for the overall population of concern. Stare and local health department screening programs and/or medical evaluation of individual children provide PbB data that contribute to databases describing the impact of environmental sources on PbB. Overall, application of epidemiologic models involves fewer uncertainties and more readily reflects variability in PbB than does current stare-of-the-art biokinetic modeling.
C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Mahaffey, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
EM mahaffey.kate@epamail.epa.gov
NR 62
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 4
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD DEC
PY 1998
VL 106
SU 6
BP 1485
EP 1493
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 156NT
UT WOS:000078008100030
PM 9860907
ER
PT J
AU White, PD
Van Leeuwen, P
Davis, BD
Maddaloni, M
Hogan, KA
Marcus, AH
Elias, RW
AF White, PD
Van Leeuwen, P
Davis, BD
Maddaloni, M
Hogan, KA
Marcus, AH
Elias, RW
TI The conceptual structure of the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic
model for lead in children
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Current Issues of Chemical Mixtures
CY AUG 11-13, 1997
CL FT COLLINS, COLORADO
SP Colorado State Univ, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci Superfund Basic Res Program, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, US EPA,. Reg VIII Off, USA Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Elect Power Res Inst
DE lead; exposure assessment; risk assessment; biokinetic modeling
ID MULTICOMPARTMENT KINETIC-MODELS; BLOOD LEAD; ORGANIC-SUBSTANCES;
GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; RENAL-FAILURE; HEAVY-METALS; DIETARY LEAD;
ABSORPTION; HUMANS; PLASMA
AB The integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children was developed to provide plausible blood lead distributions corresponding to particular combinations of multimedia lead exposure. The model is based on a set of equations that convert lead exposure (expressed as micrograms per day) to blood lead concentration (expressed as micrograms per deciliter) by quantitatively mimicking the physiologic processes that determine blood lead concentration. The exposures from air, food, water, soil, and dust are modeled independently by several routes. Amounts of lead absorbed are modeled independently for air, food, water, and soil/dust, then combined as a single input to the blood plasma reservoir of the body. Lead in the blood plasma reservoir, which includes extracellular fluids, is mathematically allocated to ail tissues of the body using age-specific biokinetic parameters. The model calculation provides the estimate for blood lead concentration for that age. This value is treated as the geometric mean of possible values for a single child, or the geometric mean of expected values for a population of children exposed to the same lead concentrations. The distribution of blood lead concentrations about this geometric mean is estimated using a geometric standard deviation, typically 1.6, derived from the analysis of well-conducted community blood studies.
C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
US EPA, Reg 5, Chicago, IL USA.
US EPA, Off Emergency & Remedial Response, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
US EPA, Reg 2, New York, NY USA.
US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Substances, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP White, PD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8623D, 401 M St SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
EM white.paul@epamail.epa.gov
NR 98
TC 44
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 12
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD DEC
PY 1998
VL 106
SU 6
BP 1513
EP 1530
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 156NT
UT WOS:000078008100033
PM 9860910
ER
PT J
AU Marcus, AH
Elias, RW
AF Marcus, AH
Elias, RW
TI Some useful statistical methods for model validation
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Current Issues of Chemical Mixtures
CY AUG 11-13, 1997
CL FT COLLINS, COLORADO
SP Colorado State Univ, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci Superfund Basic Res Program, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, US EPA,. Reg VIII Off, USA Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Elect Power Res Inst
DE model validation; measurement error
ID LEAD METABOLISM
AB Although formal hypothesis tests provide a convenient framework for displaying the statistical results of empirical comparisons, standard tests should not be used without consideration of underlying measurement error structure. As part of the validation process, predictions of individual blood lead concentrations from models with site-specific input parameters are often compared with blood lead concentrations measured in field studies that also report lead concentrations in environmental media (soil, dust, water, paint) as surrogates for exposure. Measurements of these environmental media are subject to several sources of variability, including temporal and spatial sampling, sample preparation and chemical analysis, and data entry or recording. Adjustments for measurement error must be made before statistical tests can be used to empirically compare environmental data with model predictions. This report illustrates the effect of measurement error correction using a real dataset of child blood lead concentrations for an undisclosed midwestern community. We illustrate both the apparent failure of some standard regression tests and the success of adjustment of such tests for measurement error using the SIMEX (simulation-extrapolation) procedure. This procedure adds simulated measurement error to model predictions and then subtracts the total measurement error, analogous to the method of standard additions used by analytical chemists.
C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment MD52, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Marcus, AH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment MD52, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
EM marcus.allan@epa.gov
NR 21
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 4
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD DEC
PY 1998
VL 106
SU 6
BP 1541
EP 1550
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 156NT
UT WOS:000078008100036
PM 9860913
ER
PT J
AU Zaragoza, L
Hogan, K
AF Zaragoza, L
Hogan, K
TI The integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children:
Independent validation and verification
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Current Issues of Chemical Mixtures
CY AUG 11-13, 1997
CL FT COLLINS, COLORADO
SP Colorado State Univ, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci Superfund Basic Res Program, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, US EPA,. Reg VIII Off, USA Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Elect Power Res Inst
DE models; model validation; lead
AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency employs a model, the integrated exposure biokinetic (IEUBK) model for lead in children, for the assessment of risks to children posed by environmental lead at hazardous waste sites. This paper describes results of an effort to verify the consistency of the documentation with the computer model and to rest the computer code using a group that is independent from those involved in the model development. This review concluded that the IEUBK model correctly calculates the equations specified in the IEUBK model theory documentation. However, several issues were identified on model documentation, model performance, and the C++ programming language code (i.e., IEUBK model source code) documentation. These issues affect the ability of an independent reviewer to understand the workings of the IEUBK model but not the model's reliability. As a result of these findings, recommendations have been provided for updating documentation to the model as well as associated adjustments to the model documentation.
C1 US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response 5204G, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Toxins, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Zaragoza, L (reprint author), US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response 5204G, 401 M St SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
EM larry.zaragoza@epa.gov
NR 10
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 2
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD DEC
PY 1998
VL 106
SU 6
BP 1551
EP 1556
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 156NT
UT WOS:000078008100037
PM 9860914
ER
PT J
AU Hogan, K
Marcus, A
Smith, P
White, P
AF Hogan, K
Marcus, A
Smith, P
White, P
TI Integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children:
Empirical comparisons with epidemiologic data
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Current Issues of Chemical Mixtures
CY AUG 11-13, 1997
CL FT COLLINS, COLORADO
SP Colorado State Univ, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci Superfund Basic Res Program, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, US EPA,. Reg VIII Off, USA Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Elect Power Res Inst
DE model validation; model confirmation; lead biokinetics; measurement
error; lead risk assessment
ID BLOOD
AB The concept of model validation is evolving in the scientific community. This paper addresses the comparison of observed and predicted estimates as one component of model validation as applied to the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic (IEUBK) model for lead in children. The IEUBK model is an exposure (dose)-response model that uses children's environmental lead exposures to estimate risk of elevated blood lead (typically >10 mu g/dl) through estimation of lead body burdens in a mass balance framework. We used residence-specific environmental lead measurements from three epidemiologic datasets as inputs for the IEUBK model to predict blood lead levels, and compared these predictions with blood lead levels of children living at these residences. When the IEUBK modeling focused on children with representative exposure measurements, that is, children who spent the bulk of their time near the locations sampled, there was reasonably close agreement between observed and predicted blood lead distributions in the three studies considered. Geometric mean observed and predicted blood lead levels were within 0.7 mu g/dl, and proportions of study populations expected to be above 10 mu g/dl were within 4% of those observed.
C1 US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Substances, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Hogan, K (reprint author), US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Substances, 7403,401 M St SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
NR 39
TC 22
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 6
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD DEC
PY 1998
VL 106
SU 6
BP 1557
EP 1567
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 156NT
UT WOS:000078008100038
PM 9860915
ER
PT J
AU Tietge, JE
Johnson, RD
Jensen, KM
Cook, PM
Elonen, GE
Fernandez, JD
Holcombe, GW
Lothenbach, DB
Nichols, JW
AF Tietge, JE
Johnson, RD
Jensen, KM
Cook, PM
Elonen, GE
Fernandez, JD
Holcombe, GW
Lothenbach, DB
Nichols, JW
TI Reproductive toxicity and disposition of
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in adult brook trout (Salvelinus
fontinalis) following a dietary exposure
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; Salvelinus fontinalis; toxicity;
reproduction; depuration
ID OXIDASE ENZYME-INDUCTION; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; LIFE STAGE
DEVELOPMENT; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; FISH;
ACCUMULATION; BIOACCUMULATION; TCDD
AB Adult brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) with a contaminated trout pellet diet to determine the effects of TCDD on reproduction, to document tissue-specific TCDD distribution, and to establish the maternally derived dose of TCDD to the F-1 generation. Five treatment groups and a control were exposed to achieve targeted whole body TCDD concentrations of 0, 75, 150, 300, 600, and 1,200 pg TCDD per gram fish. Net dietary assimilation of TCDD was estimated to be 89% of the applied dose, and the distribution of TCDD generally followed the distribution of lipids in liver, gonad, fat, blood, and muscle. Depuration could not be measured over 81 d, but a hypothetical depuration rate was estimated to be 0.002 d(-1) assuming 100% dietary assimilation. The concentration of TCDD in ovaries and spawned eggs was estimated to be 61 and 39% of the whole body TCDD concentrations, respectively. Survival, growth, gonadal development, and egg production were not affected in any treatment. The onset of spawning was delayed by 13 d in the highest treatment group, suggesting that TCDD might have affected ovulation. Otherwise, the adult life stage was not as sensitive to TCDD as the early life stage.
C1 US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
RP Tietge, JE (reprint author), US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
EM tietge.joe@epamail.epa.gov
NR 55
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 9
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD DEC
PY 1998
VL 17
IS 12
BP 2395
EP 2407
DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1998)017<2395:RTADOT>2.3.CO;2
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 139XV
UT WOS:000077057300006
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, RD
Tietge, JE
Jensen, KM
Fernandez, JD
Linnum, AL
Lothenbach, DB
Holcombe, GW
Cook, PM
Christ, SA
Lattier, DL
Gordon, DA
AF Johnson, RD
Tietge, JE
Jensen, KM
Fernandez, JD
Linnum, AL
Lothenbach, DB
Holcombe, GW
Cook, PM
Christ, SA
Lattier, DL
Gordon, DA
TI Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to early life stage
brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) following parental dietary exposure
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; Salvelinus fontinalis;
early-life-stage toxicity; pathology; mRNA induction
ID RAINBOW-TROUT; LAKE TROUT; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; COHO SALMON; TCDD;
INDUCTION; NAMAYCUSH; MECHANISM; BIPHENYL
AB The toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to the early life stages of F-1 generation brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) was determined, when dosed by maternal transfer. Effects were compared across six treatments, including a control. The experimental groups, based on TCDD concentrations in freshly spawned eggs (control, 41, 84, 156, 285, and 517 pg TCDD per gram egg [wet weight]), were established by treating 1.5-year-old brook trout with TCDD-dosed food throughout the period beginning with final gonadal maturation and continuing until just prior to spawning. Measurement endpoints assessed at various times throughout the study, included (1) TCDD and lipid concentrations in ovaries, eggs, alevins, and juvenile fish, (2) mortality, (3) fertility indices, (4) growth, (5) juvenile sex ratios, (6) pathology, and (7) cytochrome P4501A1 mRNA (CYPIA1) levels in embryos. The cumulative lethality dose response was determined just prior to hatch, at swim-up, and at the end of the study. The concentration in eggs causing 50% mortality (LC(egg)50) at swim-up and at the end of the study were 138 and 127 pg TCDD per gram egg, respectively. No treatment effects were observed on fertility, growth, or juvenile sex ratios. Pathologies were observed that have been previously reported in TCDD-exposed salmonid embryos, including edema in free embryos from all TCDD-exposed treatment groups at hatch. At the end of the test, juvenile fish from all treatments exhibited an increased prevalence of exophthalmia compared to the controls. The EC(egg)50 for this effect was 117 pg TCDD per gram egg. Histological analysis of the end-of-test juveniles, in gonad, nerve, vertebrae, neuromasts, liver, kidney, gut, gas bladder, skin, and blood vessels, did not indicate any significant pathology below the LC(egg)50. P4501A1 mRNA levels in whole 91-d postspawn free embryos from the 84 pg TCDD per gram egg treatment were 2.8 times higher compared with control or 41-pg TCDD per gram egg treatments. Results from this study were consistent with other published results of TCDD effects on salmonids, in which the exposures occurred after fertilization.
C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Johnson, RD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
EM johnson.rodney@epa.gov
NR 42
TC 30
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 3
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD DEC
PY 1998
VL 17
IS 12
BP 2408
EP 2421
DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1998)017<2408:TOTPDT>2.3.CO;2
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 139XV
UT WOS:000077057300007
ER
EF