FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU WALLACE, LA
AF WALLACE, LA
TI HUMAN EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS - A DECADE OF EXPERIENCE
SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY
LA English
DT Review
ID ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY PTEAM; OUTDOOR; INDOOR
RP WALLACE, LA (reprint author), US EPA,11568 WOODHOLLOW COURT,RESTON,VA 22091, USA.
RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; 
OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303
NR 20
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 2
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL
SN 0954-7894
J9 CLIN EXP ALLERGY
JI Clin. Exp. Allergy
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 25
IS 1
BP 4
EP 9
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb00996.x
PG 6
WC Allergy; Immunology
SC Allergy; Immunology
GA QE028
UT WOS:A1995QE02800002
PM 7728623
ER

PT J
AU LINAK, WP
   SRIVASTAVA, RK
   WENDT, JPLW
AF LINAK, WP
   SRIVASTAVA, RK
   WENDT, JPLW
TI SORBENT CAPTURE OF NICKEL, LEAD AND CADMIUM IN A LABORATORY SWIRL FLAME
   INCINERATOR
SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 25th International Symposium on Combustion
CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 1994
CL IRVINE, CA
ID WASTES; MECHANISMS; REMOVAL
AB The in situ capture of toxic metals by sorbents was investigated in a small semi-industrial scale 82 kW research combustor. Metals considered were nickel, lead, and cadmium. These metals were introduced into the system as aqueous nitrate solutions, sprayed down the center of a natural gas flame, supported on a variable swirl burner. Kaolinite, bauxite, and hydrated lime were injected along the centerline in the postflame, near the peak system temperature. Measurements of both the submicron aerosol size distribution and the size segregated particulate composition in the exhaust allowed the effects of sorbent injection to be ascertained, both with and without the presence of chlorine. Lead and cadmium could be almost completely scavenged by kaolinite, which formed melted particles. Bauxite, which did not melt, was exceedingly effective in capturing cadmium. However, chlorine inhibited metal capture in these instances. Hydrated lime also captured cadmium to form a eutectic melt, and this process was slightly enhanced by chlorine. Nickel alone did not significantly vaporize and was not captured by kaolinite. However, in the presence of chlorine, nickel did vaporize and was effectively captured. These results are interpreted and compared to bench scale results in the literature. Two mechanisms, or scenarios, for toxic metal capture are presented.
C1 ACUREX ENVIRONM CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT CHEM ENGN,TUCSON,AZ 85721.
RP LINAK, WP (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,COMBUST RES BRANCH,MD-65,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 12
TC 64
Z9 77
U1 0
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0010-2180
J9 COMBUST FLAME
JI Combust. Flame
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 100
IS 1-2
BP 241
EP 250
DI 10.1016/0010-2180(94)00073-2
PG 10
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
   Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA QG331
UT WOS:A1995QG33100027
ER

PT B
AU MARTONEN, TB
   KATZ, I
   HWANG, D
   YANG, Y
AF MARTONEN, TB
   KATZ, I
   HWANG, D
   YANG, Y
BE Power, H
   Hart, RT
TI Biomedical application of the supercomputer: Targeted delivery of
   inhaled pharmaceuticals in diseased lungs
SO COMPUTER SIMULATIONS IN BIOMEDICINE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International Conference on Computer Simulations in Biomedicine
   (BIOMED 95)
CY JUN 21-23, 1995
CL SOUTHAMPTON, ENGLAND
SP Wessex Inst Technol
C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI SOUTHAMPTON
PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON, HANTS, ENGLAND S04 2AA
BN 1-85312-321-8
PY 1995
BP 241
EP 248
PG 4
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
   Biomedical; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA BD69K
UT WOS:A1995BD69K00029
ER

PT B
AU Hinckley, D
AF Hinckley, D
BE Johnson, SR
   Bouzaher, A
TI Great Plains climates and biota: Past, present, and future
SO CONSERVATION OF GREAT PLAINS ECOSYSTEMS: CURRENT SCIENCE, FUTURE OPTIONS
SE ECOLOGY, ECONOMY & ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Conservation of Great Plains Ecosystems - Current Science,
   Future Options
CY APR 07-09, 1993
CL KANSAS CITY, MO
SP US EPA, Reg VII, W Governors Assoc, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev
C1 US EPA,OFF POLICY ANAL,CLIMATE CHANGE DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 0-7923-3747-6
J9 ECOL EC ENV
JI Ecol. Econ. Environ.
PY 1995
VL 5
BP 149
EP 159
PG 11
WC Agronomy; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BE80K
UT WOS:A1995BE80K00012
ER

PT B
AU Doyle, B
   Kuch, P
   Wolcott, R
AF Doyle, B
   Kuch, P
   Wolcott, R
BE Johnson, SR
   Bouzaher, A
TI Regulatory and nonregulatory approaches to ecosystem conservation:
   Institutions and funding mechanisms
SO CONSERVATION OF GREAT PLAINS ECOSYSTEMS: CURRENT SCIENCE, FUTURE OPTIONS
SE ECOLOGY, ECONOMY & ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Conservation of Great Plains Ecosystems - Current Science,
   Future Options
CY APR 07-09, 1993
CL KANSAS CITY, MO
SP US EPA, Reg VII, W Governors Assoc, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev
C1 US EPA,OFF POLICY ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 0-7923-3747-6
J9 ECOL EC ENV
JI Ecol. Econ. Environ.
PY 1995
VL 5
BP 393
EP 402
PG 10
WC Agronomy; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BE80K
UT WOS:A1995BE80K00024
ER

PT B
AU Kovalick, WW
   Kingscott, J
AF Kovalick, WW
   Kingscott, J
BE vandenBrink, WJ
   Bosman, R
   Arendt, F
TI Progress in clean-up and technological developments in US superfund
   program
SO CONTAMINATED SOIL '95, VOLS 1 AND 2
SE SOIL & ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International FZK/TNO Conference on Contaminated Soil
CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 1995
CL MAASTRICHT, NETHERLANDS
SP Res Ctr Karlsruhe, Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res
DE clean-up technologies; contaminated sites; costs; government; hazardous
   waste; laws; policies
C1 US EPA,TECHNOL INNOVAT OFF 5201W,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 0-7923-3820-0
J9 SOIL ENVIRONM
PY 1995
VL 5
BP 29
EP 38
PN 1&2
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences,
   Multidisciplinary; Soil Science
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Agriculture
GA BE41V
UT WOS:A1995BE41V00003
ER

PT B
AU Sanning, D
   Schroeter, K
AF Sanning, D
   Schroeter, K
BE vandenBrink, WJ
   Bosman, R
   Arendt, F
TI United States German bilateral agreement on hazardous waste site
   clean-up projects
SO CONTAMINATED SOIL '95, VOLS 1 AND 2
SE SOIL & ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International FZK/TNO Conference on Contaminated Soil
CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 1995
CL MAASTRICHT, NETHERLANDS
SP Res Ctr Karlsruhe, Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res
DE biological treatment; remedial action scenario; remedial action
   techniques; soil and groundwater contamination; soil vapor extraction
   (SVE); soil washing; thermal treatment; UV-oxidation; vacuum extraction
C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 0-7923-3820-0
J9 SOIL ENVIRONM
PY 1995
VL 5
BP 61
EP 74
PN 1&2
PG 14
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences,
   Multidisciplinary; Soil Science
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Agriculture
GA BE41V
UT WOS:A1995BE41V00007
ER

PT B
AU Kovalick, WW
   James, SC
   Bassin, NJ
AF Kovalick, WW
   James, SC
   Bassin, NJ
BE vandenBrink, WJ
   Bosman, R
   Arendt, F
TI NATO/CCMS pilot study for the treatment of contaminated land and
   groundwater
SO CONTAMINATED SOIL '95, VOLS 1 AND 2
SE SOIL & ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International FZK/TNO Conference on Contaminated Soil
CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 1995
CL MAASTRICHT, NETHERLANDS
SP Res Ctr Karlsruhe, Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res
DE clean-up technologies; contaminated sites; groundwater remediation;
   in-situ remediation; on site treatments; soil and groundwater
   contamination
C1 US EPA,TECHNOL INNOVAT OFF 5102W,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 0-7923-3820-0
J9 SOIL ENVIRONM
PY 1995
VL 5
BP 1553
EP 1558
PN 1&2
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences,
   Multidisciplinary; Soil Science
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Agriculture
GA BE41V
UT WOS:A1995BE41V00399
ER

PT B
AU Leitzinger, A
   Argus, R
   Scola, L
   Steffens, K
   Woodland, S
AF Leitzinger, A
   Argus, R
   Scola, L
   Steffens, K
   Woodland, S
BE vandenBrink, WJ
   Bosman, R
   Arendt, F
TI Quality management during selection of technologies example site March
   Air Force Base, USA
SO CONTAMINATED SOIL '95, VOLS 1 AND 2
SE SOIL & ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International FZK/TNO Conference on Contaminated Soil
CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 1995
CL MAASTRICHT, NETHERLANDS
SP Res Ctr Karlsruhe, Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res
DE data quality; decision-making; mega-remediation; project plan; quality
   assurance; quality control; SITE Program
C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 0-7923-3820-0
J9 SOIL ENVIRONM
PY 1995
VL 5
BP 1561
EP 1563
PN 1&2
PG 3
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences,
   Multidisciplinary; Soil Science
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Agriculture
GA BE41V
UT WOS:A1995BE41V00401
ER

PT B
AU Rock, S
   Martin, J
AF Rock, S
   Martin, J
BE vandenBrink, WJ
   Bosman, R
   Arendt, F
TI Innovative soil and groundwater remediation; Applications and
   demonstrations: The site program experience
SO CONTAMINATED SOIL '95, VOLS 1 AND 2
SE SOIL & ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International FZK/TNO Conference on Contaminated Soil
CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 1995
CL MAASTRICHT, NETHERLANDS
SP Res Ctr Karlsruhe, Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res
DE demonstrations; government; technology evaluations; national programs
C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 0-7923-3820-0
J9 SOIL ENVIRONM
PY 1995
VL 5
BP 1597
EP 1604
PN 1&2
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences,
   Multidisciplinary; Soil Science
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Agriculture
GA BE41V
UT WOS:A1995BE41V00409
ER

PT S
AU Petrovski, DM
AF Petrovski, DM
BE Demars, KR
   Richardson, GN
   Yong, RN
   Chaney, RC
TI Use of bathymetry for sediment characterization at Indiana harbor
SO DREDGING, REMEDIATION, AND CONTAINMENT OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS
SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Dredging, Remediation, and Containment of Contaminated
   Sediments
CY JUN 23-24, 1994
CL MONTREAL, CANADA
SP ASTM Comm D 18 Soil & Rock, Environm Canada, US EPA
DE Indiana Harbor; sediment characterization; bathymetry; regulatory
   determinations; environmental media; navigation projects; dredging
C1 US EPA,CHICAGO,IL 60604.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS
PI W CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959
SN 1071-5827
BN 0-8031-2028-1
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 1995
VL 1293
BP 40
EP 49
DI 10.1520/STP15990S
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental
SC Engineering
GA BE67T
UT WOS:A1995BE67T00003
ER

PT S
AU Garbaciak, S
   Miller, JA
AF Garbaciak, S
   Miller, JA
BE Demars, KR
   Richardson, GN
   Yong, RN
   Chaney, RC
TI Field demonstrations of sediment treatment technologies by the USEPA's
   assessment and remediation of contaminated sediments (ARCS) program
SO DREDGING, REMEDIATION, AND CONTAINMENT OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS
SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Dredging, Remediation, and Containment of Contaminated
   Sediments
CY JUN 23-24, 1994
CL MONTREAL, CANADA
SP ASTM Comm D 18 Soil & Rock, Environm Canada, US EPA
DE sediment; Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (ARCS)
   Program treatment technology; pilot-scale demonstration; solvent
   extraction; sediment washing; thermal desorption; biodegradation
C1 US EPA,GREAT LAKES NATL PROGRAM OFF,CHICAGO,IL 60604.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS
PI W CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959
SN 1071-5827
BN 0-8031-2028-1
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 1995
VL 1293
BP 145
EP 154
DI 10.1520/STP15997S
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental
SC Engineering
GA BE67T
UT WOS:A1995BE67T00010
ER

PT S
AU Zar, H
AF Zar, H
BE Demars, KR
   Richardson, GN
   Yong, RN
   Chaney, RC
TI Regulatory strategies for remediation of contaminated sediments
SO DREDGING, REMEDIATION, AND CONTAINMENT OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS
SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Dredging, Remediation, and Containment of Contaminated
   Sediments
CY JUN 23-24, 1994
CL MONTREAL, CANADA
SP ASTM Comm D 18 Soil & Rock, Environm Canada, US EPA
DE sediments; sediment contamination; sediment remediation; environmental
   regulation; sediment strategy; sediment criteria; dredged material;
   Great Lakes
C1 US EPA,WATER DIV,CHICAGO,IL 60604.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS
PI W CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959
SN 1071-5827
BN 0-8031-2028-1
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 1995
VL 1293
BP 319
EP 328
DI 10.1520/STP16010S
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental
SC Engineering
GA BE67T
UT WOS:A1995BE67T00024
ER

PT J
AU MCCAULEY, PT
   ROBINSON, M
   DANIEL, FB
   OLSON, GR
AF MCCAULEY, PT
   ROBINSON, M
   DANIEL, FB
   OLSON, GR
TI THE EFFECTS OF SUBACUTE AND SUBCHRONIC ORAL-EXPOSURE TO
   CIS-1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS
SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID METABOLIC OXIRANE FORMATION; CHLORINATED ETHYLENES;
   1,1-DICHLOROETHYLENE; CARCINOGENICITY; LIVER; MOUSE
AB Cis-1,2-dichloroethylene was administered daily by corn oil gavage to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats at the following dose levels: 1.0, 3.0, 10.0 and 22.0 mmol/kg/day for 14 days. Doses gavaged during the 90-day subchronic study were 0.33, 1.00, 3.00 and 9.00 mmol/kg/day. There were no compound-related deaths or histopathological changes demonstrated. Significant increases in relative liver weights were seen after 14- and 90-days of treatment in both sexes. This study demonstrates some indication of toxicity at subacute and subchronic exposure levels as low as 0.33 mmol/kg/day. Implications of liver abnormalities were demonstrated at an exposure level of 1 mmol/kg/day while kidney abnormalities (relative weights) were demonstrated at an exposure level of 0.33 mmol/kg/day.
C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
   PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,W CHESTER,OH 45069.
NR 14
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0148-0545
J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL
JI Drug Chem. Toxicol.
PY 1995
VL 18
IS 2-3
BP 171
EP 184
DI 10.3109/01480549509014319
PG 14
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA RT292
UT WOS:A1995RT29200005
PM 7497910
ER

PT J
AU MCCAULEY, PT
   ROBINSON, M
   DANIEL, FB
   OLSON, GR
AF MCCAULEY, PT
   ROBINSON, M
   DANIEL, FB
   OLSON, GR
TI THE EFFECTS OF SUBCHRONIC CHLORATE EXPOSURE IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS
SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ADULT MALE-VOLUNTEERS; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; DRINKING-WATER; TOXICITY
AB Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to drinking water containing 3.0, 12.0 or 48.0 mM sodium chlorate. The mean drinking water consumption varied between exposure groups from 100-200 ml/kg/day. Female exposure groups consistently drank more water (23-42%) than male exposure groups thereby receiving more chlorate/kg/day at every exposure level. There were no compound related deaths; however, both males and females in the high exposure groups had significant weight loss during the 90-day exposure period. Also, in these same groups females had mild but significant decreases in the following relative organ weights; adrenals, thymus and spleen, while the relative brain weight was increased. In males, the heart, kidneys and liver were mildly decreased while the brain and testes were mildly increased. Red blood cell counts and percent hematocrit were decreased in both sexes in the high dose group. Pituitary gland (pars distalis) vacuolization and thyroid gland colloid depletion were prominent in both sexes in mid and/or high dose animals. A NOAEL of 0.36 mM chlorate/kg b.w./day in males and 0.50 mM chlorate/kg b.w./day in females were established.
C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
   PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,W CHESTER,OH 45069.
NR 21
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 8
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0148-0545
J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL
JI Drug Chem. Toxicol.
PY 1995
VL 18
IS 2-3
BP 185
EP 199
DI 10.3109/01480549509014320
PG 15
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA RT292
UT WOS:A1995RT29200006
PM 7497911
ER

PT J
AU MCCAULEY, PT
   ROBINSON, M
   DANIEL, FB
   OLSON, GR
AF MCCAULEY, PT
   ROBINSON, M
   DANIEL, FB
   OLSON, GR
TI TOXICITY STUDIES OF 1,3-DICHLOROBENZENE IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS
SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PARA-DICHLOROBENZENE; METABOLITES
AB Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats received 1,3-dichlorobenzene daily by corn oil gavage for 10 or 90 consecutive days. The 10-day study doses were 0, 37, 147, 368 and 735 mg/kg; the 90-day study doses were 0, 9, 37, 147 and 588 mg/kg. In the 10-day study, there was a significant depression of body weight in both sexes at 735 mg/kg. Liver weights were significantly increased in both sexes at 368 and 735 mg/kg. Serum cholesterol levels were significantly elevated in both sexes at 368 and 735 mg/kg. Histopathological evaluation revealed centrolobular hepatocellular degeneration at 368 mg/kg in males and 735 mg/kg in females.
   In the 90-day study, body weights were significantly depressed in both sexes at 588 mg/kg. Normalization of food and water consumption by final body weight indicated that at 588 mg/kg both sexes had increased food and water consumption relative to controls. Absolute and relative liver weights were significantly increased in both sexes at 147 and 588 mg/kg. Relative kidney weights were significantly higher in both sexes at 588 mg/kg and in males at 147 mg/kg. Serum cholesterol and calcium levels were significantly elevated over controls in females at 37, 147, and 588 mg/kg, and in males at all dose levels. Histopathological evaluation at 147 and/or 588 mg/kg demonstrated liver and thyroid lesions in both sexes, and pituitary and kidney lesions in males. A NOAEL was not firmly established.
C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
   PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,W CHESTER,OH 45069.
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 4
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0148-0545
J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL
JI Drug Chem. Toxicol.
PY 1995
VL 18
IS 2-3
BP 201
EP 221
DI 10.3109/01480549509014321
PG 21
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA RT292
UT WOS:A1995RT29200007
PM 7497912
ER

PT J
AU BAUGHMAN, GL
AF BAUGHMAN, GL
TI FATE OF DYES IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS .3. THE ROLE OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS IN
   ADSORPTION AND REACTION OF ACID AND DIRECT DYES
SO DYES AND PIGMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID NONEQUILIBRIUM SORPTION; WATER; AZO
AB The behavior of nine acid and five direct dyes was examined in suspensions of lake and river sediments. Seven of the dyes demonstrated variable kinetics of loss from water. In most cases, there was an initial drop in water concentration due to sorption. Transformation kinetics of CI Acid Reds 4, 18, and 88 were first order in dye concentration and apparently first order in sediment concentration. CI Acid Reds 4 and 18 also exhibited an initial lag period. Transformation and sorption of CI Acid Red 114 and CI Acid Red 151 could not be studied because of precipitation. CI Acid Yellow 151, DY 1 and CI Acid Blue 92 were lost from solution by pathways that were not first order. Of these, CI Acid Blue 92 was transformed at a rate that was too fast to measure reliably, but CI Acid Yellow 151 and DY 1 were very stable in the suspensions. Products of azo group reduction were found for CI Acid Reds 1 and 4 and CI Direct Red 24. The results suggest that many acid and direct dyes will be stable in aquatic systems for long periods of time unless other transformation pathways (e.g. photochemical) are rate determining. Freundlich adsorption isotherms were measured for 12 of the dyes with both sediments. Because of competitive transformation and sorption, isotherms were measured on boiled sediments after equilibration for 24 h. The data show that the dyes are not strongly sorbed and that the extent of sorption to boiled sediment is within a factor of two to three of that with natural sediment.
RP BAUGHMAN, GL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA.
NR 20
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0143-7208
J9 DYES PIGMENTS
JI Dyes Pigment.
PY 1995
VL 27
IS 3
BP 197
EP 210
DI 10.1016/0143-7208(94)00051-3
PG 14
WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles
SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science
GA QT002
UT WOS:A1995QT00200004
ER

PT J
AU NESTOR, DV
   PASURKA, CA
AF NESTOR, DV
   PASURKA, CA
TI CGE MODEL OF POLLUTION-ABATEMENT PROCESSES FOR ASSESSING THE
   ECONOMIC-EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL-POLICY
SO ECONOMIC MODELLING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th CGE (Computable General Equilibrium) Modeling Conference
CY OCT, 1992
CL WATERLOO, CANADA
DE COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM; POLLUTION ABATEMENT; GERMAN ECONOMY
ID GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM-MODELS; QUALITY; COST
AB We use a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to investigate the impacts of environmental regulations on the German economy.  Our assessment differs from most previous CGE studies of environmental policy in that our model is based on a dataset in which the specific inputs used for pollution abatement processes are in input-output matrix form.  This allows us to model pollution abatement processes more accurately.  We use the model to compare the impacts of environmental policy to the impacts of tariffs, non-tariff barriers (NTBs) and production subsidies.  At a minimum, the impacts of environmental programs on the German economy are comparable to these other distortionary government policies.  Depending upon the source of capital stock for complying with environmental regulation, the economic impacts may be substantially larger than those observed for other economic policies.
RP NESTOR, DV (reprint author), US EPA,ECON ANAL & RES BRANCH,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
RI Pasurka, Carl/H-8996-2016
OI Pasurka, Carl/0000-0001-9846-1507
NR 18
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 5
PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD
PI OXFORD
PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP
SN 0264-9993
J9 ECON MODEL
JI Econ. Model.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 12
IS 1
BP 53
EP 59
PG 7
WC Economics
SC Business & Economics
GA QA034
UT WOS:A1995QA03400005
ER

PT S
AU Staley, LJ
AF Staley, LJ
BE Tedder, DW
   Pohland, FG
TI Vitrification technologies for the treatment of contaminated soil
SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT V
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management V, at
   the Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Special Symposium
CY SEP 27-29, 1993
CL ATLANTA, GA
SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Ind & Engn Chem Inc
AB Vitrification involves the melting and refreezing of soil to create a glass-like solid that entraps inorganic contamination thereby isolating it from the environment. The high temperatures required to melt soil also destroy organic contamination. Vitrification is thus capable of treating soil that is contaminated with both organic chemicals and metals. Six vitrification technologies have been studied thus far under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program. This paper discusses the performance of each of these technologies.
RP Staley, LJ (reprint author), US EPA,NATL RISK MANAGEMENT RES LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA.
NR 18
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0097-6156
BN 0-8412-3322-5
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1995
VL 607
BP 102
EP 120
PG 19
WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical;
   Engineering, Civil
SC Chemistry; Engineering
GA BE38L
UT WOS:A1995BE38L00009
ER

PT S
AU Davis, EL
AF Davis, EL
BE Tedder, DW
   Pohland, FG
TI Hot water enhanced remediation of hydrocarbon spills
SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT V
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management V, at
   the Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Special Symposium
CY SEP 27-29, 1993
CL ATLANTA, GA
SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Ind & Engn Chem Inc
AB When viscous, nonvolatile oils are contaminating the subsurface, hot water may be used to lower the viscosity of the oil and increase its mobility. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the use of moderately hot water to enhance the remediation of waste oils from soils or aquifers. Displacement experiments have been performed at constant temperatures using two different oils and two sands. These experiments have shown that as the temperature increases, oil recovery also increases, reducing the oil content by as much as 33 percent. Transient temperature experiments performed with the column held at 10 degrees C and using 50 degrees C water to displace the oil showed that the benefits of hot water displacement can be achieved under conditions which more closely resemble field conditions.
RP Davis, EL (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74820, USA.
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0097-6156
BN 0-8412-3322-5
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1995
VL 607
BP 237
EP 250
PG 14
WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical;
   Engineering, Civil
SC Chemistry; Engineering
GA BE38L
UT WOS:A1995BE38L00019
ER

PT S
AU Tabak, HH
   Govind, R
   Gao, C
   Lai, L
   Yan, XS
   Pfanstiel, S
AF Tabak, HH
   Govind, R
   Gao, C
   Lai, L
   Yan, XS
   Pfanstiel, S
BE Tedder, DW
   Pohland, FG
TI Determination of bioavailability and biodegradation kinetics of
   polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil
SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT V
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management V, at
   the Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Special Symposium
CY SEP 27-29, 1993
CL ATLANTA, GA
SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Ind & Engn Chem Inc
ID MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; SORPTION KINETICS; NATURAL SEDIMENTS;
   ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NAPHTHALENE; PARTICLES; SYSTEMS; WATER
AB Biological treatment systems, especially when used in conjunction with physical/chemical treatment methods, hold considerable promise for efficient, safe, economical on-site and in-situ treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Fundamental understanding of biodegradation kinetics and factors that control the rate of biodegradation can provide insight into the ''optimal'' range of environmental parameters for improvement of microbiological activity and enhancement of contaminant biodegradation rates in soil systems. This paper reports on a study of adsorption/desorption kinetics and equilibria of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil slurry systems. Respirometric studies were conducted to quantify biodegradation kinetics in soil slurry reactors. Abiotic adsorption and desorption rates, cumulative oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide evolution data were used with non-linear regression techniques to determine the biokinetic parameters using a detailed mathematical model.
C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221.
RP Tabak, HH (reprint author), US EPA,NATL RISK MANAGEMENT RES LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA.
NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0097-6156
BN 0-8412-3322-5
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1995
VL 607
BP 264
EP 283
PG 20
WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical;
   Engineering, Civil
SC Chemistry; Engineering
GA BE38L
UT WOS:A1995BE38L00021
ER

PT J
AU THIEDE, ME
   LINK, SO
   FELLOWS, RJ
   BEEDLOW, PA
AF THIEDE, ME
   LINK, SO
   FELLOWS, RJ
   BEEDLOW, PA
TI EFFECTS OF GAMMA-RADIATION ON STEM DIAMETER GROWTH, CARBON GAIN AND
   BIOMASS PARTITIONING IN HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
LA English
DT Article
DE GAMMA RADIATION; STEM DIAMETER; CARBON GAIN; BIOMASS PARTITIONING;
   GROWTH
ID PLANTS
AB To determine the effects of gamma radiation on stem diameter growth, carbon gain, and biomass partitioning, 19-day-old dwarf sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus, variety NK894) were given variable doses (0-40 Gy) from a Co-60 gamma source. Exposure of plants to gamma radiation caused a significant reduction in stem growth and root biomass. Doses as low as 5 Gy resulted in a significant increase in leaf density, suggesting that very low doses of radiation could induce morphological growth changes. Carbohydrate analysis of plants exposed to 40 Gy demonstrated significantly more starch content in leaves and significantly less in stems 18 days after exposure compared with control plants. In contrast, the carbohydrate content of the roots of plants exposed to 40 Gy was not significantly different from non-irradiated plants 18 days after exposure.
C1 US EPA, CORVALLIS, OR 97330 USA.
RP THIEDE, ME (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA.
NR 16
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0098-8472
J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT
JI Environ. Exp. Bot.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 35
IS 1
BP 33
EP 41
DI 10.1016/0098-8472(94)00042-4
PG 9
WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA QP931
UT WOS:A1995QP93100005
ER

PT J
AU GEORGE, SE
   CHADWICK, RW
   KOHAN, MJ
   ALLISON, JC
   WARREN, SH
   WILLIAMS, RW
AF GEORGE, SE
   CHADWICK, RW
   KOHAN, MJ
   ALLISON, JC
   WARREN, SH
   WILLIAMS, RW
TI ATRAZINE TREATMENT POTENTIATES EXCRETION OF MUTAGENIC URINE IN
   2,6-DINITROTOLUENE-TREATED FISCHER-344 RATS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE; ATRAZINE; URINE MUTAGENICITY; GL TRACT METABOLISM;
   CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS
ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; CYTO-TOXICITY; DNA ADDUCTS;
   CD-1 MICE; F344 RATS; ZEA-MAYS; GENOTOXICITY; PENTACHLOROPHENOL;
   ACTIVATION
AB Atrazine (ATZ), an 5-triazine herbicide, is a widespread environmental contaminant. The hepatocarcinogenic component of technical grade dinitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT, 19.5%), is a by-product of trinitrotoluene synthesis and is found at production sites. This study explores the effect of ATZ treatment on the bioactivation of the promutagen, 2,6-DNT. Male Fischer 344 rats (5 weeks old) were administered 50 mg/kg of ATZ by gavage for 5 weeks. At 1, 3, and 5 weeks, both DMSO-control and ATZ-pretreated rats were treated p.o. with 75 mg/kg of 2,6-DNT and were housed in metabolism cages For urine collection. Sulfatase- and beta-glucuronidase-treated, concentrated urine was bioassayed for urinary mutagens in a microsuspension modification of the Salmonella assay with and without metabolic activation. No significant change in mutagen excretion was observed in ATZ-treated rats; however, an elevation in direct-acting urine mutagens from rats receiving ATZ and 2,6-DNT at weeks 1 (359 +/- 68 vs. 621 +/- 96 revertants/ml) and 5 (278 +/- 46 vs. 667 +/- 109 revertants/ml) of treatment was observed. The increase in production of urinary mutagens was accompanied by an elevation in small intestinal nitroreductase activity. increases in large intestinal nitroreductase and beta-glucuronidase were observed after 5 weeks. There was no apparent effect of ATZ Following 5 weeks of treatment on the production of 2,6-DNT-derived hepatic DNA adducts. ATZ treatment modifies intestinal enzymes responsible for promutagen bioactivation, and potentiates the excretion of mutagenic urine in 2,6-DNT-treated animals. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
RP GEORGE, SE (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM CARCINOGENESIS,NATL HLTH & ENVIRONM EFFECTS RES LAB,MAIL DROP 68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 42
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0893-6692
J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN
JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen.
PY 1995
VL 26
IS 2
BP 178
EP 184
DI 10.1002/em.2850260212
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA RX582
UT WOS:A1995RX58200011
PM 7556115
ER

PT J
AU DeMarini, DM
   AbuShakra, A
   Felton, CF
   Patterson, KS
   Shelton, ML
AF DeMarini, DM
   AbuShakra, A
   Felton, CF
   Patterson, KS
   Shelton, ML
TI Mutation spectra in Salmonella of chlorinated, chloraminated, or
   ozonated drinking water extracts: Comparison to MX
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE MX; chlorine; monochloramine; ozone; drinking water; mutation spectra;
   Salmonella; prophage induction; mutagenicity
ID OLIGODEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDE COLONY HYBRIDIZATION; POTENT BACTERIAL MUTAGEN;
   PROPHAGE-LAMBDA; BY-PRODUCTS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INDUSTRIAL-WASTES;
   AMES MUTAGENICITY; TREATED WATER; HUMIC-ACID;
   3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-FURANONE
AB Drinking water samples were prepared in a pilot scale treatment plant by chlorination (Cl-2), chloramination (NH2Cl), ozonation (O-3), or O-3 followed by Cl-2 or NH2Cl; and the nonvolatile acidic organics of the raw and treated waters were extracted by XAD/ethyl acetate and evaluated for mutagenicity in Salmonella (-S9). The extracts were 2-8 times more mutagenic in TA100 than in TA98, and the mutagenic potencies of the water extracts ranked similarly in both strains: Cl-2 > O-3 + Cl-2 > NH2Cl > O-3 + NH2Cl > O-3) raw. 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), which was estimated to account for similar to 20% of the mutagenic activity of the extracts, was shown to be the most potent compound tested thus far in a prophage-induction assay in Escherichia coli and a forward-mutation assay in Salmonella TM677. The mutations in similar to 2,000 revertants of TA98 and TA100 induced by MX and the water extracts were analyzed by colony probe hybridization and polymerase chain reaction/DNA sequence analysis. The water extracts and MX produced similar mutation spectra, which consisted in TA100 of predominantly of GC --> TA transversions in the second position of the CCC (Or GGG) target of the hisG46 allele. This spectrum resembles that produced by large aromotic compounds and is distinct from that produced by alkylating agents and the semivolatile drinking water mutagen dichloroacetic acid. In TA98, MX and those water extracts resulting from the introduction of the chlorine atom produced 50-70% hotspot 2-base deletions and 30-50% complex frameshifts (frameshifts with an adjacent base substitution - mostly GC --> TA transversions as found in TA 100). No other compound or mixture is known to induce such high frequencies of complex Frameshifts. These results suggest that MX and ''MX-like'' compounds (possibly halogenated aromatics, such as halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) account for much of the mutagenic activity and specificity of the nonvolatile organics in drinking water and that these halogenated organics ore especially capable of promoting misincorporation by the DNA replication complex. This study provides further evidence that the mutation spectrum of a complex mixture reflects the dominance of one or a few classes of chemical mutagens within the mixture. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 N CAROLINA CENT UNIV, DEPT BIOL, DURHAM, NC USA.
   US EPA, DIV DRINKING WATER RES, CINCINNATI, OH 45268 USA.
RP DeMarini, DM (reprint author), US EPA, DIV ENVIRONM CARCINOGENESIS, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA.
NR 96
TC 60
Z9 62
U1 0
U2 2
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0893-6692
EI 1098-2280
J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN
JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen.
PY 1995
VL 26
IS 4
BP 270
EP 285
DI 10.1002/em.2850260403
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA TN332
UT WOS:A1995TN33200002
PM 8575416
ER

PT J
AU DELLARCO, VL
   ERICKSON, RP
   LEWIS, SE
   SHELBY, MD
AF DELLARCO, VL
   ERICKSON, RP
   LEWIS, SE
   SHELBY, MD
TI MUTAGENESIS AND HUMAN GENETIC-DISEASE - AN INTRODUCTION
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMAN-SPERM; MOUSE ZYGOTES; MUTATIONS; FREQUENCY; EXPOSURE; CELLS;
   LOCUS; MICE; RADIOTHERAPY; ABERRATIONS
C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PEDIAT,TUCSON,AZ 85721.
   NIEHS,CTR LIFE SCI & TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   NIEHS,ENVIRONM TOXICOL PROGRAM,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RP DELLARCO, VL (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT 8602,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 44
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0893-6692
J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN
JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen.
PY 1995
VL 25
SU 26
BP 2
EP 6
DI 10.1002/em.2850250603
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA RD910
UT WOS:A1995RD91000002
PM 7789358
ER

PT J
AU EREXSON, GL
   BRYANT, MF
   KWANYUEN, P
   KLIGERMAN, AD
AF EREXSON, GL
   BRYANT, MF
   KWANYUEN, P
   KLIGERMAN, AD
TI BLEOMYCIN SULFATE-INDUCED MICRONUCLEI IN HUMAN, RAT, AND MOUSE
   PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE BLEOMYCIN; MICRONUCLEI; LYMPHOCYTES; CYTOCHALASIN B; HUMAN; MOUSE; RAT
ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGE; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE;
   CHROMOSOME-DAMAGE; GAMMA-RADIATION; X-RADIATION; DNA; INDUCTION;
   INVITRO; OXYGEN
AB The sensitivity to micronucleus (MN) induction of human, mouse, and rat peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) exposed to bleomycin sulfate (BLM) in vitro was compared in cytochalasin B-induced binucleated (BN) cells. For the PBLs of each species, either 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, or 160 mu g/ml BLM was added to 5 mi aliquots of whole blood for 4 hr at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Leukocytes were isolated on a density gradient and cultured in the presence of phytohemagglutinin to stimulate blastogenesis, and cytochalasin B was added to each culture at 21 hr postinitiation to prevent cytokinesis. A total of 4,000 BNs/concentration/species was analyzed for MN in two independent experiments. In addition, multiple-MN-BNs were quantitated, and the nucleation index was determined. Significant increases both in total MN-BNs and multiple-MN-BNs were observed at all concentrations in all species. All three species' concentration-response curves gave good fits (r(2) valves from 0.87 to 0.95) to either a linear or a square root model (y = mx + b or y = m[x](0.5) + b, respectively; where y = the percentage of MN-BN, m is the slope, and b is the y-intercept). The MN induction in the human and rat PBLs was not statistically different, but both were significantly less sensitive than the response shown by the BLM-exposed mouse PBLs. This difference in MN susceptibility was observed only at BLM test concentrations greater than or equal to 20 mu g/ml. The nucleation index was significantly decreased in all species at either 80 or 160 mu g/ml. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 NOVEL PHARMACEUT INC,DURHAM,NC.
   ROCHE COMPUCHEM LABS INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
   GLAXO INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
   US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
NR 23
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0893-6692
J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN
JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen.
PY 1995
VL 25
IS 1
BP 31
EP 36
DI 10.1002/em.2850250106
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA QK166
UT WOS:A1995QK16600005
PM 7533077
ER

PT J
AU CLIVE, D
   BOLCSFOLDI, G
   CLEMENTS, J
   COLE, J
   HOMNA, M
   MAJESKA, J
   MOORE, M
   MULLER, L
   MYHR, B
   OBERLY, T
   OUDELHKIM, MC
   RUDD, C
   SHIMADA, H
   SOFUNI, T
   THYBAUD, V
   WILCOX, P
AF CLIVE, D
   BOLCSFOLDI, G
   CLEMENTS, J
   COLE, J
   HOMNA, M
   MAJESKA, J
   MOORE, M
   MULLER, L
   MYHR, B
   OBERLY, T
   OUDELHKIM, MC
   RUDD, C
   SHIMADA, H
   SOFUNI, T
   THYBAUD, V
   WILCOX, P
TI CONSENSUS AGREEMENT REGARDING PROTOCOL ISSUES DISCUSSED DURING THE MOUSE
   LYMPHOMA WORKSHOP - PORTLAND, OREGON, MAY 7, 1994
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE CONSENSUS; PROTOCOL; MOUSE LYMPHOMA ASSAY
ID VALIDATION; MUTAGEN; ASSAY; CELLS
C1 HAZLETON MICROTEST,YORK,N YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND.
   MRC,LONDON,ENGLAND.
   NATL INST HLTH SCI,TOKYO,JAPAN.
   BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM PHARMACEUT INC,RIDGEFIELD,CT 06877.
   US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
   ELI LILLY & CO,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46285.
   SRI INT,MENLO PK,CA 94025.
RP CLIVE, D (reprint author), BURROUGHS WELLCOME CO,3030 CORNWALLIS RD,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA.
NR 6
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0893-6692
J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN
JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen.
PY 1995
VL 25
IS 2
BP 165
EP 168
DI 10.1002/em.2850250211
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA QQ689
UT WOS:A1995QQ68900010
PM 7698110
ER

PT J
AU DEARFIELD, KL
AF DEARFIELD, KL
TI PERSPECTIVE ON APPROPRIATE DOSE LEVELS FOR IN-VIVO CYTOGENETICS ASSAYS -
   ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGEN SOCIETY WORKSHOP (MAY 8, 1994)
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP DEARFIELD, KL (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS 7509C,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0893-6692
J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN
JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen.
PY 1995
VL 25
IS 4
BP 321
EP 322
DI 10.1002/em.2850250409
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA RG036
UT WOS:A1995RG03600008
PM 7607187
ER

PT J
AU ERNST, TL
   LEIBOWITZ, NC
   ROOSE, D
   STEHMAN, S
   URQUHART, NS
AF ERNST, TL
   LEIBOWITZ, NC
   ROOSE, D
   STEHMAN, S
   URQUHART, NS
TI EVALUATION OF US EPA ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT PROGRAMS
   (EMAP)-WETLANDS SAMPLING DESIGN AND CLASSIFICATION
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE WETLAND CLASSIFICATION; WETLAND MONITORING; WETLAND ASSESSMENT; REGIONAL
   SAMPLING
AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) will monitor the nation's resources by evaluating the status and trends of selected indicators of condition using a probability-based sampling design. The EMAP-Wetlands program will monitor the condition of the nation's wetlands. The EMAP classification system is an aggregation of the many subclasses of the US Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) classification system. This aggregation results in fewer wetland classes with more wetlands per class than the NWI system. Aggregation of the NWI classification was based primarily on dominant vegetation cover, flooding regimes, dominant water source, and adjacency to rivers and lakes. We evaluated the EMAP classification system and sampling design using NWI digital wetlands data for portions of Illinois, Washington, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Relative numbers of wetlands, total areas, average areas, and common versus rare classes were compared between the EMAP and NWI classification systems. As expected, the EMAP classification provided fewer wetland polygons, each with larger areas, without altering total wetland area. Summary statistics comparing sample estimates to true population parameters (represented by the NWI data) demonstrated the effectiveness of the EMAP sampling design with the exception of rare EMAP classes in the selected regions. Although simple random sampling is inadequate for both targe and small wetlands, the EMAP sampling design is readily adapted to provide better estimates for these categories. Aggregating the NWI classification to the EMAP classification provides fewer wetland classes, with more wetlands per class, for EMAP's annual reports and statistical summaries.
C1 OREGON DIV STATE LANDS,SALEM,OR 97310.
   BIONET CORP,VINT HILLS FARM STN,WARRENTON,VA 22186.
   SUNY COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,SYRACUSE,NY 13210.
   OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331.
RP ERNST, TL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM RES SERV CORP,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA.
NR 13
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 8
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0364-152X
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1995
VL 19
IS 1
BP 99
EP 113
DI 10.1007/BF02472007
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PX114
UT WOS:A1995PX11400009
ER

PT J
AU LEWIS, MA
AF LEWIS, MA
TI USE OF FRESH-WATER PLANTS FOR PHYTOTOXICITY TESTING - A REVIEW
SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Review
ID LEMNA-TRISULCA L; MULTIPLICATION INHIBITION TEST; CHRONIC COPPER
   TOXICITY; COAL-DERIVED OIL; SELENASTRUM-CAPRICORNUTUM; PHOTOSYNTHETIC
   INHIBITION; AQUATIC PLANTS; HEAVY-METALS; GREEN-ALGAE; SHORT-TERM
AB Phytotoxicity data for aquatic plants have served a relatively minor role in regulatory decisions concerning the environmental hazard of most potential contaminants.  A variety of phytotoxicity tests have been conducted with freshwater green algae, duckweed, blue-green algae, diatoms and rooted macrophytes (whole plants and seeds).  Several test methods have been standardized for microalgae which are used primarily with chemicals, effluents, contaminated sediment elutriates and hazardous waste leachates.  Current scientific understanding concerning the phytotoxic effects of these contaminants is based mostly on results for a few green algae.  The greatest limitation of these results is their uncertain environmental relevance due to the large interspecific variation in response of standard algal test species and the unrealistic experimental test conditions.  Results of the few field validation toxicity tests conducted to resolve this uncertainty have been chemical-specific and unpredictable.
   Aquatic vascular plants have been used less frequently than algae as test species.  Duckweeds have been used more often than rooted submersed species but the uncertain nature of their sensitivities relative to animal and other plant species has limited their use.  Regulatory interest in wetland protection, contaminated sediment evaluations and sediment quality criteria development will result in increased use of whole rooted plants and their seeds as test species.  Overall, regardless of the test species, if phytotoxicity data are to be more available and effective in the hazard assessment process, additional information concerning species sensitivity, and environmental relevance of the results will be needed.
RP LEWIS, MA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,1 SABINE ISL DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA.
NR 212
TC 202
Z9 228
U1 6
U2 84
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0269-7491
J9 ENVIRON POLLUT
JI Environ. Pollut.
PY 1995
VL 87
IS 3
BP 319
EP 336
DI 10.1016/0269-7491(94)P4164-J
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PZ454
UT WOS:A1995PZ45400008
PM 15091582
ER

PT J
AU SUTTON, PM
   ATHANASOULIS, M
   FLESSEL, P
   GUIRGUIS, G
   HAAN, M
   SCHLAG, R
   GOLDMAN, LR
AF SUTTON, PM
   ATHANASOULIS, M
   FLESSEL, P
   GUIRGUIS, G
   HAAN, M
   SCHLAG, R
   GOLDMAN, LR
TI LEAD LEVELS IN THE HOUSEHOLD ENVIRONMENT OF CHILDREN IN 3 HIGH-RISK
   COMMUNITIES IN CALIFORNIA
SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID EXPOSURE
AB To assess environmental lead contamination in the household environment of children in high-risk areas of California, three urban locations were surveyed by the California Department of Health Services. Plant, soil, and dust lead levels were measured and a questionnaire was administered. This survey estimates that 3 million homes in California (27%) may have exterior paint lead levels greater than or equal to 5000 ppm, and 1.3 million homes (12%) may have interior paint lead levels greater than or equal to 5000 ppm. The highest concentrations of lead in paint were found on exterior surfaces and, for homes built between 1920 and 1959, on trim. Age of housing was the best predictor of lead in soil and dust; homes built before 1920 were 10 times more likely to have soil lead levels greater than or equal to 500 ppm compared to post-1950 homes. Most of the variability in dust lead levels could not be explained by factors measured in this survey. Sources of lead in the home were more highly correlated with lead dust concentration levels than they were with lead dust loading levels. Households with members reporting a lead job were twice as likely to have high dust lead levels compared to households with no one reporting a lead job. The significant differences in dust lead concentration levels between communities were not reflected in differences in dust lead loading levels. Measuring dust lead loading levels does not appear to be a meaningful sampling method for risk assessment in the context of prioritizing abatement. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 IMPACT ASSESSMENT INC,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608.
   CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,ENVIRONM HLTH LAB BRANCH,BERKELEY,CA 94704.
   UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH MED,SACRAMENTO,CA 95817.
   CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,CHILDHOOD LEAD POISONING PREVENT BRANCH,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608.
   US EPA,OFF PREVENT PESTICIDES & TOX SUBST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
RP SUTTON, PM (reprint author), CALIF PUBL HLTH FDN,2151 BERKELEY WAY,ANNEX 11,BERKELEY,CA 94704, USA.
RI Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012
NR 18
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 3
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0013-9351
J9 ENVIRON RES
JI Environ. Res.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 68
IS 1
BP 45
EP 57
DI 10.1006/enrs.1995.1007
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA QV293
UT WOS:A1995QV29300006
PM 7729387
ER

PT J
AU PERLIN, SA
   SETZER, RW
   CREASON, J
   SEXTON, K
AF PERLIN, SA
   SETZER, RW
   CREASON, J
   SEXTON, K
TI DISTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRIAL AIR EMISSIONS BY INCOME AND RACE IN THE
   UNITED-STATES - AN APPROACH USING THE TOXIC RELEASE INVENTORY
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID COMMUNITY
AB There currently is a scarcity of scientific information to guide public policy decisions about issues of ''environmental justice''; broadly defined as the goal of achieving adequate protection from the harmful effects of environmental agents for everyone, regardless of age, culture, ethnicity, gender, race, or socioeconomic status. This paper highlights several key methodological issues that need to be addressed as part of ongoing efforts to strengthen the scientific foundation for informed decision-making regarding environmental justice. Specifically, careful thought must be given to the selection of appropriate (1) statistical tests, (2) geographic unit(s) of analysis, (3)exposure estimators, and (4) comparison (reference) populations. These methodological issues are examined in the context of a nationwide study looking at the differences by ethnicity/race and household income in county-level air emissions of industrial chemicals. National and regional comparisons are made for 1990 using emission estimates from the Toxic Release Inventory, demographic data from the Census, and income data from the Donnelley Marketing Information Services.
RP PERLIN, SA (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH RES,8501,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 36
TC 111
Z9 111
U1 4
U2 16
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 29
IS 1
BP 69
EP 80
DI 10.1021/es00001a008
PG 12
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PZ723
UT WOS:A1995PZ72300034
PM 22200202
ER

PT J
AU SAOUTER, E
   GILLMAN, M
   TURNER, R
   BARKAY, T
AF SAOUTER, E
   GILLMAN, M
   TURNER, R
   BARKAY, T
TI DEVELOPMENT AND FIELD VALIDATION OF A MICROCOSM TO SIMULATE THE MERCURY
   CYCLE IN A CONTAMINATED POND
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE MICROCOSM; MERCURY CYCLING; METHYLATION; REDUCTION; VOLATILIZATION
ID 2-STAGE GOLD AMALGAMATION; GAS-PHASE DETECTION; SUB-NANOGRAM;
   METHYLATION; WATER; METHYLMERCURY; SEDIMENTS; VAPOR; LAKES;
   MICROORGANISMS
AB A microcosm consisting of water, sediment, and air compartments was used to simulate mercury geochemical cycling in a mercury-contaminated (mu g L(-1)) pond at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Total and dissolved mercury and total methylmercury were analyzed in water and sediment; total gaseous mercury and head-space mercury were analyzed in the water and head space, respectively. The production of gaseous mercury was correlated to dissolved mercury (0.2-mu m filtration), and methyl mercury was mainly produced in the sediment compartment. Addition of mercuric chloride to the system increased the production of head-space mercury by a factor of 10 but did not affect the methylation rate. Saturation of gaseous mercury in microcosm water varied from 480 to 1,500% of the solubility of elemental mercury and was controlled by unidentified factors. The microcosm maintained stable conditions for up to 3 weeks, and a mass balance indicated that it reasonably simulated the cycling of mercury in the pond. This microcosm could be used to test remedial treatments aimed at decreasing the amount of mercury that is available for accumulation by biota.
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561.
   US EPA,UNIV W FLORIDA,CTR ENVIRONM DIAGNOST & BIOREMEDIAT,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561.
   OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831.
NR 40
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 4
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 1
BP 69
EP 77
DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[69:DAFVOA]2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA QA153
UT WOS:A1995QA15300009
ER

PT J
AU PESCH, CE
   HANSEN, DJ
   BOOTHMAN, WS
   BERRY, WJ
   MAHONY, JD
AF PESCH, CE
   HANSEN, DJ
   BOOTHMAN, WS
   BERRY, WJ
   MAHONY, JD
TI THE ROLE OF ACID VOLATILE SULFIDE AND INTERSTITIAL WATER METAL
   CONCENTRATIONS IN DETERMINING BIOAVAILABILITY OF CADMIUM AND NICKEL FROM
   CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS TO THE MARINE POLYCHAETE NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE SEDIMENT; ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; POLYCHAETE; METALS; TOXICITY
ID CRAB CARCINUS-MAENAS; QUALITY CRITERIA; ACUTE TOXICITY; LARVAE; ZINC;
   ACCUMULATION; POPULATIONS; CHIRONOMUS; MIXTURES
AB This study investigated the influence of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and interstitial water (IW) metal concentrations on bioavailability and toxicity of Cd and Ni to an infaunal sediment-ingesting marine worm, Neanthes arenaceodentata. Ten-d exposures were conducted with sediments, contaminated primarily with Cd and Ni, from Foundry Cove (Hudson River, NY), and with uncontaminated sediments spiked with Cd or Ni. Molar ratios of simultaneously extracted metal (SEM)/AVS ranged from <0.02 to 44 for Cd-spiked, 0.02 to 241 for Ni-spiked, and <0.06 to 125 for Foundry Cove sediments. In all experiments, significant mortality was not observed when SEM/AVS ratios were <1.0 and interstitial water toxic units (IWTU) were <1.0 (toxic unit = IW metal concentration/LC50 value of water-only exposure). In the Cd and Ni-spiked experiments, when SEM/AVS ratios or IWTUs were >1.0, sediments were either lethal or worms did not burrow. Mortality of worms in Foundry Cove sediments was less than or equal to 20%, and worms burrowed in all these sediments. However, IW contained <1.0 TU (Ni + Cd) in all Foundry Cove sediments except one (IWTU = 1.69). Metal concentrations in worms generally increased with increases in sediment metal concentration, SEM/AVS molar ratio, and IW metal concentration. The presence of metal in worms from sediments with SEM/AVS ratios <1.0 may be evidence of release of Cd or Ni from oxidized metal sulfide (a result of burrowing), uptake of metal from ingested sediment, or adsorption to body surfaces. These results support the hypothesis that when the concentration of AVS in sediments exceeds that of divalent metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) sediments will not be acutely toxic. However, a greater number of sediments was correctly predicted to be nontoxic when interstitial water metal concentration of <1.0 TU was used.
C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882.
   MANHATTAN COLL,DEPT CHEM,BRONX,NY 10471.
RP PESCH, CE (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA.
NR 42
TC 77
Z9 95
U1 1
U2 15
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 1
BP 129
EP 141
DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[129:TROASA]2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA QA153
UT WOS:A1995QA15300015
ER

PT S
AU WEBER, DE
   WALSH, GE
   MACGREGOR, MA
AF WEBER, DE
   WALSH, GE
   MACGREGOR, MA
BE Hughes, JS
   Biddinger, GR
   Mones, E
TI USE OF VASCULAR AQUATIC PLANTS IN PHYTOTOXICITY STUDIES WITH SEDIMENTS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: THIRD VOLUME
SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment - Plant
   and Terrestrial
CY APR 26-29, 1993
CL ATLANTA, GA
SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM BIOL EFFECTS & ENVIRONM FATE
DE BIOAVAILABILITY; ORGANIC MATTER; CLAY MINERALS; ROOT NODULATION;
   SIMULATED SEDIMENTS
RP WEBER, DE (reprint author), US EPA,1 SABINE ISL DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA.
NR 0
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS
PI W CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959
SN 1071-5827
BN 0-8031-1895-3
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 1995
VL 1218
BP 187
EP 200
DI 10.1520/STP12691S
PG 14
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA BC91R
UT WOS:A1995BC91R00011
ER

PT B
AU PADILLA, S
   CHIAPPA, S
   KOENIGSBERGER, C
   MOSER, V
   BRIMIJOIN, S
AF PADILLA, S
   CHIAPPA, S
   KOENIGSBERGER, C
   MOSER, V
   BRIMIJOIN, S
BE Quinn, DM
   Balasubramanian, AS
   Doctor, BP
   Taylor, P
TI Repeated dosing with chlorpyrifos increases acetylcholinesterase
   immunoreactivity in rat brain
SO ENZYMES OF THE CHOLINESTERASE FAMILY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Meeting on Cholinesterases
CY SEP 24-28, 1994
CL MADRAS, INDIA
C1 US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
BN 0-306-45135-2
PY 1995
BP 337
EP 343
PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA BE24W
UT WOS:A1995BE24W00061
ER

PT J
AU Rozynov, BV
   Kuehl, DW
   Carlson, RM
AF Rozynov, BV
   Kuehl, DW
   Carlson, RM
TI Ion-molecule reactions of charged thiols with neutral epoxides in the
   collision cell of a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer. A model for in
   vivo biomolecule reactions
SO EUROPEAN MASS SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article
DE gas-phase ion-molecule chemistry; radical ions; thiols; epoxides; tandem
   quadrupole mass spectrometer
ID HUMAN-HEMOGLOBIN
AB Gas-phase ion-molecule chemistry has been used to study the reactions of mutagenic epoxides toward sulfur-containing (SH) organic chemicals, Reactions are selectively observed between mass-selected radical ions of thiols and neutral epoxides in the collision cell (Q2) of a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer. A daughter-ion scan function is used to produce associative reaction product spectra by scanning the third quadrupole upward from the m/z value of the molecular ion of the sulfur-containing reagent ion, Optimal product yields are obtained by varying the collision cell energy from +1 to -5 V, It was observed that gas-phase product formation proceeded in a manner analogous to acidic solution chemistry (e,g. via the protonated epoxide) and that the product spectrum was sensitive to the structure of both the thiol radical-ion and the neutral epoxide. Q2 gas-phase reactions represent, therefore, a potentially new analytical technique to identify selectively chemicals in a gas stream (e,g, gas chromatography effluent) the toxicity of which are defined by their reactivity as electrophiles with nucleophilic sites in biomolecules.
C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,SHEMYAKIN & OVCHINNIKOV INST BIOORGAN CHEM,MOSCOW 117871,RUSSIA.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804.
   UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CHEM,DULUTH,MN 55812.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IM PUBLICATIONS
PI W SUSSEX
PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO18 0HY
SN 1356-1049
J9 EUR MASS SPECTROM
JI Eur. Mass Spectrom.
PY 1995
VL 1
IS 6
BP 519
EP 524
DI 10.1255/ejms.87
PG 6
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA UL948
UT WOS:A1995UL94800002
ER

PT J
AU BARKAY, T
   KROER, N
   RASMUSSEN, LD
   SORENSEN, SJ
AF BARKAY, T
   KROER, N
   RASMUSSEN, LD
   SORENSEN, SJ
TI CONJUGAL TRANSFER AT NATURAL-POPULATION DENSITIES IN A MICROCOSM
   SIMULATING AN ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENT
SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE CONJUGATION; ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENT; MICROCOSM; RISK ASSESSMENT
ID FRESH-WATER ENVIRONMENT; PLASMID TRANSFER; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA;
   ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DRUG-RESISTANCE; AGAR MEDIA; BACTERIA; SOIL; STRAINS;
   MICROORGANISMS
AB Estuarine microcosms were used to follow conjugal transfer of a broad host range IncP1 plasmid from a Pseudomonas putida donor to indigenous bacteria. Donor cells were added at a concentration similar to the natural abundance of bacteria in the water column (10(6) cells ml(-1)). Transfer was not detected in any of the test microcosms (calculated limit of detection of 10(-7) and 10(-4) transconjugants donor(-1) in water column and sediment, respectively), with the exception of transfer to an isogenic recipient (added at 105 cells ml(-1)) in sediments of controls that had been inoculated with both donors and recipients. The same plasmid was transferred with high efficiencies (10(-1) to 10(-3)) to a variety of recipients in filter and broth matings. These results suggest that if conjugal gene transfer occurred, it was at efficiencies that were not detectable in estuarine microcosms simulating natural population densities.
C1 NATL ENVIRONM RES INST,DEPT MARINE ECOL & MICROBIOL,DK-4000 ROSKILDE,DENMARK.
   UNIV COPENHAGEN,DEPT GEN MICROBIOL,DK-1307 COPENHAGEN K,DENMARK.
RP BARKAY, T (reprint author), US EPA,MICROBIAL ECOL & BIOTECHNOL BRANCH,1 SABINE ISL DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA.
RI Kroer, NIels/D-3356-2015; Sorensen, Soren/J-5015-2014
OI Sorensen, Soren/0000-0001-6227-9906
NR 43
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 3
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-6496
J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL
JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 16
IS 1
BP 43
EP 53
DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1995.tb00267.x
PG 11
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QG355
UT WOS:A1995QG35500006
ER

PT J
AU SELGRADE, MJK
   COOPER, KD
   DEVLIN, RB
   VANLOVEREN, H
   BIAGINI, RE
   LUSTER, MI
AF SELGRADE, MJK
   COOPER, KD
   DEVLIN, RB
   VANLOVEREN, H
   BIAGINI, RE
   LUSTER, MI
TI IMMUNOTOXICITY-BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN ANIMAL RESEARCH AND HUMAN
   HEALTH-EFFECTS
SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; CONTACT HYPERSENSITIVITY; INDUCED SUPPRESSION;
   RISK ASSESSMENT; SKIN-CANCER; EXPOSURE; IMMUNE; INDUCTION; INVIVO; TESTS
C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT DERMATOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109.
   NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,PATHOL LAB,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS.
   NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226.
   NIEHS,ENVIRONM IMMUNOL & NEUROBIOL SECT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RP SELGRADE, MJK (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 28
TC 27
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0272-0590
J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL
JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 24
IS 1
BP 13
EP 21
DI 10.1006/faat.1995.1003
PG 9
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA QC921
UT WOS:A1995QC92100003
PM 7713335
ER

PT J
AU WIESTER, MJ
   TEPPER, JS
   DOERFLER, DL
   COSTA, DL
AF WIESTER, MJ
   TEPPER, JS
   DOERFLER, DL
   COSTA, DL
TI OZONE ADAPTATION IN RATS AFTER CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO A SIMULATED URBAN
   PROFILE OF OZONE
SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RESPONSES; HUMANS; TOXICITY; LUNG
AB Studies in both humans and rats have indicated that certain pulmonary responses induced by exposure to an acute provocative concentration of ozone (O-3) will eventually attenuate if the exposure is repeated on a daily basis. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as O-3 adaptation. Whether or not a ''state'' of adaptation develops due to long-term low level O-3 exposure is unknown. Two human studies have reported adaptation in subjects living in Los Angeles during periods when ambient O-3 concentrations have been relatively high. At present, however, we are not aware of comparable information from rats. This study assessed O-3 adaptation in rats following chronic (12 or 18 months) exposure and after a 4-month recovery period. A chronic exposure pattern, similar to that found in an urban area during the summer (0.06 ppm O-3 for 13 hr/day, 7 days/week; Monday-Friday, peak to 0.25 ppm O-3 over 9 hr), was used. To assess whether adaptation had occurred and/or persisted, awake rats were challenged with high provocative concentrations of O, for up to 2 hr. During a challenge, rats were monitored for typical O-3-induced alterations in spontaneous breathing parameters (e.g., increase in breathing frequency and decrease in tidal volume). Adaptation was defined as attenuation of breathing response during the challenge in rats chronically exposed to O-3 as compared to that in ''control'' rats (chronically exposed to air). Adaptation was found in the rats within 8 hr following the chronic O-3 exposure but not after the 4-month recovery period. Spontaneous breathing parameters that were significantly attenuated in the chronically exposed rats were breathing frequency, tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory times, and maximum expiratory flow. We conclude that rats demonstrated adaptation to O-3 after long-term exposure to an urban-type O-3 profile and that the adaptation was not seen 4 months postexposure. These results suggest that exposure to environmental O-3 in Los Angeles air may have been responsible for the adaptation found in residential subjects. (C) 1995 society of Toxicology.
C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RP WIESTER, MJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL MD82,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 30
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0272-0590
J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL
JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 24
IS 1
BP 42
EP 51
DI 10.1006/faat.1995.1006
PG 10
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA QC921
UT WOS:A1995QC92100006
PM 7713342
ER

PT J
AU EHRICH, M
   JORTNER, BS
   PADILLA, S
AF EHRICH, M
   JORTNER, BS
   PADILLA, S
TI COMPARISON OF THE RELATIVE INHIBITION OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AND
   NEUROPATHY TARGET ESTERASE IN RATS AND HENS GIVEN
   CHOLINESTERASE-INHIBITORS
SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ORGANO-PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; INDUCED DELAYED NEUROPATHY; FUNCTIONAL
   OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY; NEUROTOXIC ESTERASE; CHICKENS; MIPAFOX; INVITRO;
   DAMAGE; CARBARYL; ENZYMES
AB Inhibition of neuropathy target esterase (NTE, neurotoxic esterase) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities was compared in brain and spinal cords of adult While Leghorn hens and adult male Long Evan rats 4-48 hr after administration of tri-ortho-tolyl phosphate (TOTP po, 50-500 mg/kg to hens; 300-1000 mg/kg to rats), phenyl saligenin phosphate (PSP im 0.1-2.5 mg/kg to hens; 5-24 mg/kg to rats), mipafox (3-30 mg/kg ip to hens and rats), diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP sc, 0.25-1.0 mg/kg to hens; 1-3 mg/kg to rats), dichlorvos (5-60 mg/kg ip to hens; 5-30 mg/kg to rats), malathion (75-300 mg/ kg po to hens; 600-2000 mg/kg to rats), and carbaryl(300-560 mg/kg ip to hens; 30-170 mg/kg to rats). Inhibitions of NTE and AChE were dose-related after administration of all compounds to both species. Hens and rats given TOTP, PSP, mipafox, and DFP demonstrated delayed neuropathy 3 weeks later, with spinal cord lesions and clinical signs more notable in hens. Ratios of NTE/AChE inhibition in hen spinal cord, averaged over the doses used, were 2.6 after TOTP, 5.2 after PSP, 1.3 after mipafox, and 0.9 after DFP, which contrast with 0.53 after dichlorvos, 1.0 after malathion, and 0.46 after carbaryl. Rat NTE/AChE inhibition ratios were 0.9 after TOTP, 2.6 after PSP, 1.0 after mipafox, 0.62 after DFP, 1.3 after dichlorvos, 2.2 after malathion, and 1.1 after carbaryl. The lower NTE/AChE ratios in rats given dosages of the four organophosphorus compounds that caused delayed neuropathy interferred with survival, an effect that was not a problem in hens. This observation, along with the absence of overt and specific clinical signs and the restricted presence of neuropathological lesions in rats, suggests that the hen remains the animal of choice for testing for organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy. (C) 1995 Society of Toxicology.
C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP EHRICH, M (reprint author), VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA.
NR 30
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0272-0590
J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL
JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 24
IS 1
BP 94
EP 101
DI 10.1006/faat.1995.1011
PG 8
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA QC921
UT WOS:A1995QC92100011
PM 7713347
ER

PT J
AU DEVITO, MJ
   BIRNBAUM, LS
AF DEVITO, MJ
   BIRNBAUM, LS
TI THE IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACOKINETICS IN DETERMINING THE RELATIVE POTENCY
   OF 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN AND
   2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZOFURAN
SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Note
ID EXCRETION; MICE; METABOLISM; PCDFS; PCBS
C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP DEVITO, MJ (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA.
NR 13
TC 44
Z9 46
U1 2
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0272-0590
J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL
JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 24
IS 1
BP 145
EP 148
DI 10.1006/faat.1995.1016
PG 4
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA QC921
UT WOS:A1995QC92100016
PM 7713338
ER

PT B
AU CARSON, DA
AF CARSON, DA
BE Koerner, RM
   Gartung, E
   Zanzinger, H
TI US EPA experiences with geosynthetic clay liners
SO GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINERS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Geosynthetic Clay Liners
CY APR 14-15, 1994
CL NURNBERY, GERMANY
SP German Geltech Soc, Int Geotextile Soc, German Chapter
C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU A A BALKEMA
PI ROTTERDAM
PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
BN 90-5410-519-4
PY 1995
BP 17
EP 27
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA BD44B
UT WOS:A1995BD44B00002
ER

PT S
AU Andersen, SO
   Metchis, KL
   Rubenstein, R
AF Andersen, SO
   Metchis, KL
   Rubenstein, R
BE Miziolek, AW
   Tsang, W
TI The history of the halon phaseout and regulation of halon alternatives
SO HALON REPLACEMENTS: TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Halon Replacements - Technology and Science, at the 208th
   National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY AUG 21-25, 1994
CL WASHINGTON, DC
SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem Inc
AB Halogenated fire agents (Halon 1301, Halon 1211 and Halon 2402) were once thought to be essential for fire safety. However, once their role as potent ozone depleters became scientifically confirmed, fire protection engineers, the military, and regulators rallied world-wide to reevaluate fire protection practices and to develop new chemical and technological solutions. Today, production of halon has ceased in the industrialized world, and less then 20 percent of former uses still require halon. These remaining uses are being served by the existing supplies of halon while research on alternatives continues.
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 15
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0097-6156
BN 0-8412-3327-6
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1995
VL 611
BP 8
EP 15
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA BE45X
UT WOS:A1995BE45X00002
ER

PT J
AU SMIALOWICZ, RJ
AF SMIALOWICZ, RJ
TI IMMUNE FUNCTION TESTING FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF
   IMMUNOTOXICITY IN RODENTS
SO HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Workshop on Environmental Immunotoxicology and Human
   Health
CY MAR 22-25, 1994
CL OXFORD, ENGLAND
SP INT PROGRAMME CHEM SAFETY, UK DEPT HLTH, ST BATHOLOMEWS HOSP MED COLL, DH DEPT TOXICOL
ID 2-METHOXYACETIC ACID; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; RATS; 2-METHOXYETHANOL;
   GUIDELINES; MICE
RP SMIALOWICZ, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 12
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU STOCKTON PRESS
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS, ENGLAND RG21 2XS
SN 0144-5952
J9 HUM EXP TOXICOL
JI Hum. Exp. Toxicol.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 1
BP 135
EP 136
PG 2
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA QG182
UT WOS:A1995QG18200035
PM 7748602
ER

PT S
AU ELDEFRAWI, ME
   ELDEFRAWI, AT
   ANIS, NA
   ROGERS, KR
   WONG, RB
   VALDES, JJ
AF ELDEFRAWI, ME
   ELDEFRAWI, AT
   ANIS, NA
   ROGERS, KR
   WONG, RB
   VALDES, JJ
BE Nelson, JO
   Karu, AE
   Wong, RB
TI FIBEROPTIC IMMUNOSENSORS FOR DETECTION OF PESTICIDES
SO IMMUNOANALYSIS OF AGROCHEMICALS: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Immunoanalysis of Agrochemicals - Emerging Technologies, at
   the 207th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY MAR 13-17, 1994
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem
ID RAPID DETECTION; BIOSENSOR
AB A reusable fiber optic enzyme biosensor provided rapid detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and fast regeneration of the sensor for reuse. However, while highly sensitive in detection of oxyphosphate AChE inhibitors, it was insensitive in detection of the less active thiophosphates. It was generic in its identification and did not identify the chemical structure of the analyte. A fiber optic immunosensor, using polyclonal antiparathion antibodies (Abs) was very selective (could differentiate between parathion and paraoxon) and more sensitive, but too slow and nonreusable. A new strategy was developed, using fluorescent pesticide derivatives and polyclonal or monoclonal Abs to construct reusable biosensors with faster turn around time. An immunosensor was developed to assay for imazethapyr herbicide, that was highly sensitive and selective for imidazolinone compounds, unaffected by soil extract matrix and capable of repeated usage. Advantages of biosensors over ELISA are simplicity, speed and reduced need for sample pretreatment.
C1 USA,CTR RES DEV & ENGN,EDGEWOOD,MD 21010.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,DIV EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT RES,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193.
   AMER CYANAMID CO,DIV AGR RES,PRINCETON,NJ 08543.
RP ELDEFRAWI, ME (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL & EXPTL THERAPEUT,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA.
NR 10
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0097-6156
BN 0-8412-3149-4
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1995
VL 586
BP 197
EP 209
PG 13
WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical;
   Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Environmental
   Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA BD40J
UT WOS:A1995BD40J00014
ER

PT B
AU CLARK, RM
AF CLARK, RM
BE Cabrera, E
   Vela, AF
TI Modeling water quality changes in distribution systems: A US perspective
SO IMPROVING EFFICIENCY AND RELIABILITY IN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
SE WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LIBRARY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Course on Improving Efficiency and Reliability in Water
   Distribution Systems
CY NOV 21-25, 1994
CL VALENCIA, SPAIN
SP Menendez Pelayo Int Univ, Aguas Valencia, Brit Council, EC Comett & Eramus Programmes
C1 US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 0-7923-3536-8
J9 WATER TRANS
PY 1995
VL 14
BP 395
EP 414
PG 20
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Mechanics
GA BD89B
UT WOS:A1995BD89B00017
ER

PT B
AU DiGiulio, DC
AF DiGiulio, DC
BE Hinchee, RE
   Miller, RN
   Johnson, PC
TI Water displacement during sparging under perched water-table conditions
SO IN SITU AERATION : AIR SPARGING, BIOVENTING, AND RELATED REMEDIATION
   PROCESSES
SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation Symposium
CY APR, 1995
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Korea, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Thailand, Biotreatment News, Castalia, ENEA, Italy, Environm Protect, Gas Res Inst, Groundwater Technol Inc, Inst Francais Petr, Mitsubishi Corp, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm, Netherlands, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab, Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US DOE, Off Technol Dev, US EPA, US Naval Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Stanford Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr, Oregon Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr
C1 US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU BATTELLE PRESS
PI COLUMBUS
PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201
BN 1-57477-003-9
J9 BIOREMED SER
PY 1995
VL 3
IS 2
BP 87
EP 94
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental
SC Engineering
GA BG31P
UT WOS:A1995BG31P00008
ER

PT B
AU Sayles, GD
   Leeson, A
   Hinchee, RE
   Vogel, CM
   Brenner, RC
   Miller, RN
AF Sayles, GD
   Leeson, A
   Hinchee, RE
   Vogel, CM
   Brenner, RC
   Miller, RN
BE Hinchee, RE
   Miller, RN
   Johnson, PC
TI Cold climate bioventing with soil warming in Alaska
SO IN SITU AERATION : AIR SPARGING, BIOVENTING, AND RELATED REMEDIATION
   PROCESSES
SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation Symposium
CY APR, 1995
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Korea, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Thailand, Biotreatment News, Castalia, ENEA, Italy, Environm Protect, Gas Res Inst, Groundwater Technol Inc, Inst Francais Petr, Mitsubishi Corp, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm, Netherlands, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab, Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US DOE, Off Technol Dev, US EPA, US Naval Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Stanford Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr, Oregon Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr
C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU BATTELLE PRESS
PI COLUMBUS
PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201
BN 1-57477-003-9
J9 BIOREMED SER
PY 1995
VL 3
IS 2
BP 297
EP 306
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental
SC Engineering
GA BG31P
UT WOS:A1995BG31P00030
ER

PT B
AU Randall, PM
   Stadelmair, JE
   Kranz, PB
   Fuller, BP
AF Randall, PM
   Stadelmair, JE
   Kranz, PB
   Fuller, BP
GP STEEL STRUCT PAINTING COUNCIL
TI Highlights & implications of a US EPA comparative study of bridge
   deleading practices
SO INDUSTRIAL LEAD PAINT ABATEMENT: MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES FOR CORPORATE
   FACILITIES AND STRUCTURES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT SSPC 8th Annual Conference on Industrial Lead Paint Abatement and
   Removal
CY MAR 13-15, 1995
CL CHICAGO, IL
SP Steel Struct Painting Council
C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,POLLUT PREVENT RES BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU STEEL STRUCTURES PAINTING COUNCIL
PI PITTSBURGH
PA 4400 FIFTH AVE, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213
BN 0-938477-94-3
PY 1995
BP 78
EP 91
PG 14
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering
GA BF04V
UT WOS:A1995BF04V00014
ER

PT J
AU LUNDGREN, DA
   BURTON, RM
AF LUNDGREN, DA
   BURTON, RM
TI EFFECT OF PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION ON THE CUT POINT BETWEEN FINE AND
   COARSE AMBIENT MASS FRACTIONS
SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Colloquium on Particulate Air Pollution and Human Mortality and
   Morbidity
CY JAN 24-25, 1994
CL NATL ACAD SCI & ENGN, ARNOLD & MABEL BECKMAN CTR, IRVINE, CA
SP Calif Air Resources Board, US EPA, Amer Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Community & Environm Med, Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine Occupat Hlth Ctr
HO NATL ACAD SCI & ENGN, ARNOLD & MABEL BECKMAN CTR
ID SITE
AB A review of recent studies on the size distribution of ambient particles reveals considerable variability, both spatially and temporally, depending on the source of origin, geographical location, meteorological conditions, and various other chemical and physical parameters. However, there is generally a clear separation into fine and coarse modes, with a dividing point between 1.0 and 2.5 mu m where the mass of the two modes is at a minimum. In the 1970's, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed the dichotomous sampler to separate fine and coarse particles and choose a cut point at 2.5 mu m. However, recent data collected with new samplers, such as the size-fractionating MOUDI impactor, reveal that both aged sulfates and particles associated with aerosol acidity reside in the range below 1.0 mu m diameter. Indoor combustion aerosols such as cigarette smoke and kerosene heater emissions have also been found to reside in the submicrometer range. Before embarking on a new and extensive aerosol characterization study and perhaps establishing separate standards for fine and coarse particles, the EPA might wish to reevaluate the choice of a cut size. This article discusses the size distribution makeup of ambient aerosols from various sources and locations throughout the United States. The effect of sampler cut points and sampling efficiencies on the accuracy of collection in eastern combustion-dominated and western wind-blown dust-dominated settings is examined. The advantages and disadvantages of changing the cut point between fine and coarse from 2.5 mu m to something nearer 1.0 mu m are discussed.
C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP LUNDGREN, DA (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ENVIRONM ENGN SCI,410 AP BLACK HALL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA.
NR 41
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 2
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS
PI BRISTOL
PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598
SN 0895-8378
J9 INHAL TOXICOL
JI Inhal. Toxicol.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1995
VL 7
IS 1
BP 131
EP 148
PG 18
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA QC606
UT WOS:A1995QC60600013
ER

PT B
AU Kovalick, WW
AF Kovalick, WW
BE Vidic, RD
   Pohland, FG
TI Technology needs and trends for hazardous waste site remediation
SO INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SITE REMEDIATION AND HAZARDOUS WASTE
   MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT National Conference on Innovative Technologies for Site Remediation and
   Hazardous Waste Management
CY JUL 23-26, 1995
CL PITTSBURGH, PA
SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Amer Acad Environm Engineers, Engineers Soc W Penn, Environm & Engn Geophys Soc, Ohio River Basin Consortium Res & Educ, Ohio River Valley Water Sanitat Commiss, Penn Dept Environm Resources, Penn Soc Profess Engineers, Penn Water Environm Assoc, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Pittsburgh Sect, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Pittsburgh Sect
C1 US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE & EMERGENCY RESPONSE,TECHNOL INNOVAT OFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
BN 0-7844-0095-4
PY 1995
BP 1
EP 4
PG 4
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA BE31D
UT WOS:A1995BE31D00001
ER

PT B
AU Hess, AA
AF Hess, AA
BE Vidic, RD
   Pohland, FG
TI EPA waiver of ground water cleanup standards in NY
SO INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SITE REMEDIATION AND HAZARDOUS WASTE
   MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT National Conference on Innovative Technologies for Site Remediation and
   Hazardous Waste Management
CY JUL 23-26, 1995
CL PITTSBURGH, PA
SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Amer Acad Environm Engineers, Engineers Soc W Penn, Environm & Engn Geophys Soc, Ohio River Basin Consortium Res & Educ, Ohio River Valley Water Sanitat Commiss, Penn Dept Environm Resources, Penn Soc Profess Engineers, Penn Water Environm Assoc, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Pittsburgh Sect, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Pittsburgh Sect
C1 US EPA,NEW YORK,NY 10007.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
BN 0-7844-0095-4
PY 1995
BP 317
EP 324
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA BE31D
UT WOS:A1995BE31D00041
ER

PT B
AU Surampalli, RY
   Lin, KL
   Banerji, SK
AF Surampalli, RY
   Lin, KL
   Banerji, SK
BE Vidic, RD
   Pohland, FG
TI Impact of long-term land application of biosolids on groundwater quality
   and surface soils
SO INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SITE REMEDIATION AND HAZARDOUS WASTE
   MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT National Conference on Innovative Technologies for Site Remediation and
   Hazardous Waste Management
CY JUL 23-26, 1995
CL PITTSBURGH, PA
SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Amer Acad Environm Engineers, Engineers Soc W Penn, Environm & Engn Geophys Soc, Ohio River Basin Consortium Res & Educ, Ohio River Valley Water Sanitat Commiss, Penn Dept Environm Resources, Penn Soc Profess Engineers, Penn Water Environm Assoc, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Pittsburgh Sect, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Pittsburgh Sect
DE land application; biosolids; heavy metals; nitrate nitrogen; groundwater
C1 US EPA,KANSAS CITY,KS 66117.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
BN 0-7844-0095-4
PY 1995
BP 363
EP 370
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA BE31D
UT WOS:A1995BE31D00047
ER

PT B
AU McCutcheon, SC
   Wolfe, NL
   Carreria, LH
   Ou, TY
AF McCutcheon, SC
   Wolfe, NL
   Carreria, LH
   Ou, TY
BE Vidic, RD
   Pohland, FG
TI Phytoremediation of hazardous wastes
SO INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SITE REMEDIATION AND HAZARDOUS WASTE
   MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT National Conference on Innovative Technologies for Site Remediation and
   Hazardous Waste Management
CY JUL 23-26, 1995
CL PITTSBURGH, PA
SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Amer Acad Environm Engineers, Engineers Soc W Penn, Environm & Engn Geophys Soc, Ohio River Basin Consortium Res & Educ, Ohio River Valley Water Sanitat Commiss, Penn Dept Environm Resources, Penn Soc Profess Engineers, Penn Water Environm Assoc, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Pittsburgh Sect, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Pittsburgh Sect
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
BN 0-7844-0095-4
PY 1995
BP 597
EP 604
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA BE31D
UT WOS:A1995BE31D00077
ER

PT B
AU Currey, GW
   Hall, WE
   Lape, JL
AF Currey, GW
   Hall, WE
   Lape, JL
BE Domenica, MF
TI Moving the NPDES program to a watershed approach
SO INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES PLANNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 22nd Annual Conference of the ASCEs Water Resources Planning and
   Management Division - Integrated Water Resources Planning for the
   21st-Century
CY MAY 07-11, 1995
CL CAMBRIDGE, MA
SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Boston Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Consulting Engineers, Council New England, New England Water Environm Assoc, New England Interstate Water Pollut Control Commiss, Massachusetts Assoc Land Surveyors & Civil Engineers, Massachusetts Municipal Engineers Assoc, Massachusetts Soc Profess Engineers, Soc Women Engineers, Boston Sect, Water Environm Federat, New England Water Works Assoc, Boston Water & Sewer Commiss, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, Cambridge Water Dept, Massachusetts Port Authority, S Essex Sewerage District, Tufts Univ, Harvard Univ, Northeastern Univ, MIT, Boston Univ, Wentworth Inst Technol, Camp Dresser & McKee, CH2M Hill, Metcalf & Eddy, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Rizzo Associates, Stone & Webster, Whitman & Howard
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
BN 0-7844-0081-4
PY 1995
BP 269
EP 272
PG 4
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA BE54V
UT WOS:A1995BE54V00069
ER

PT B
AU Currey, GW
   Crosby, S
AF Currey, GW
   Crosby, S
BE Domenica, MF
TI The role of GIS in watershed protection
SO INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES PLANNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 22nd Annual Conference of the ASCEs Water Resources Planning and
   Management Division - Integrated Water Resources Planning for the
   21st-Century
CY MAY 07-11, 1995
CL CAMBRIDGE, MA
SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Boston Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Consulting Engineers, Council New England, New England Water Environm Assoc, New England Interstate Water Pollut Control Commiss, Massachusetts Assoc Land Surveyors & Civil Engineers, Massachusetts Municipal Engineers Assoc, Massachusetts Soc Profess Engineers, Soc Women Engineers, Boston Sect, Water Environm Federat, New England Water Works Assoc, Boston Water & Sewer Commiss, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, Cambridge Water Dept, Massachusetts Port Authority, S Essex Sewerage District, Tufts Univ, Harvard Univ, Northeastern Univ, MIT, Boston Univ, Wentworth Inst Technol, Camp Dresser & McKee, CH2M Hill, Metcalf & Eddy, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Rizzo Associates, Stone & Webster, Whitman & Howard
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
BN 0-7844-0081-4
PY 1995
BP 340
EP 343
PG 2
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA BE54V
UT WOS:A1995BE54V00086
ER

PT B
AU Currey, GW
AF Currey, GW
BE Domenica, MF
TI Sediment quality-based point source permitting
SO INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES PLANNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 22nd Annual Conference of the ASCEs Water Resources Planning and
   Management Division - Integrated Water Resources Planning for the
   21st-Century
CY MAY 07-11, 1995
CL CAMBRIDGE, MA
SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Boston Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Consulting Engineers, Council New England, New England Water Environm Assoc, New England Interstate Water Pollut Control Commiss, Massachusetts Assoc Land Surveyors & Civil Engineers, Massachusetts Municipal Engineers Assoc, Massachusetts Soc Profess Engineers, Soc Women Engineers, Boston Sect, Water Environm Federat, New England Water Works Assoc, Boston Water & Sewer Commiss, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, Cambridge Water Dept, Massachusetts Port Authority, S Essex Sewerage District, Tufts Univ, Harvard Univ, Northeastern Univ, MIT, Boston Univ, Wentworth Inst Technol, Camp Dresser & McKee, CH2M Hill, Metcalf & Eddy, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Rizzo Associates, Stone & Webster, Whitman & Howard
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
BN 0-7844-0081-4
PY 1995
BP 444
EP 447
PG 2
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA BE54V
UT WOS:A1995BE54V00112
ER

PT J
AU CAMERON, JA
   MCCASKILL, C
   KODAVANTI, PRS
   WOLFE, F
   DOUGLAS, B
   CAMERON, ME
   DESAIAH, D
AF CAMERON, JA
   MCCASKILL, C
   KODAVANTI, PRS
   WOLFE, F
   DOUGLAS, B
   CAMERON, ME
   DESAIAH, D
TI EFFECTS OF HIGH CHOLESTEROL AND N-3 POLYUNSATURATED FISH-OIL DIETS ON
   TISSUE AND SERUM-LIPID COMPOSITION IN MALE-RATS
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE FISH OIL; TRIGLYCERIDES; CHOLESTEROL; HDL; LIPOGENESIS; HEMATOCRIT
ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; OBESE ZUCKER RATS;
   FATTY-ACIDS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; CARBOHYDRATE;
   PREVENTION; METABOLISM; SECRETION
AB The correlation between dietary cholesterol, high plasma lipids and cardiovascular disease is well recognized in many species. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of high cholesterol and moderately high fat intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fish oil diets on serum lipids in male rats. Male rats were fed either 21% menhaden oil(Control) or 21% menhaden oil with high (2%) cholesterol (MOC) for eight weeks, Whole blood was collected and analyzed spectrophotometrically for serum cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins. The selected tissues were carefully removed, weighed and analyzed for lipid profiles. The aortas were removed and lipogenesis determined. The results showed that except for spleen the total percent lipid content of heart, lung liver; adrenal kidney and brain was not affected in the MOC group. The percent fat content of spleen but not the weight was elevated by 4 fold compared to control. The hematocrit values in the MOC group were unaltered Serum cholesterol was elevated by 62%, whereas the serum triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were unaltered in MOC group when compared to the MO control. High cholesterol feeding did not affect aortic lipogenesis in the MOC group compared to the control, These results suggest that cholesterol feeding along with n-3 polyunsaturated fish oil diet did not attenuate the anti-atherosclerotic effects of fish oil with the exception of serum cholesterol.
C1 RICE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,HOUSTON,TX 77001.
   US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RALEIGH,NC 27711.
   JACKSON HINDS COMPREHENS HLTH CTR,JACKSON,MS 39213.
   UNIV MISSISSIPPI,MED CTR,DEPT NEUROL & MED,JACKSON,MS 39216.
RP CAMERON, JA (reprint author), JACKSON STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,JACKSON,MS 39217, USA.
FU NHLBI NIH HHS [T32 HLO7635]
NR 34
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU VERLAG HANS HUBER
PI BERN 9
PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND
SN 0300-9831
J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES
JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res.
PY 1995
VL 65
IS 3
BP 215
EP 220
PG 6
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA RY926
UT WOS:A1995RY92600011
PM 8830003
ER

PT B
AU Wilson, JT
   Sewell, G
   Caron, D
   Doyle, G
   Miller, RN
AF Wilson, JT
   Sewell, G
   Caron, D
   Doyle, G
   Miller, RN
BE Hinchee, RE
   Wilson, JT
   Downey, DC
TI Intrinsic bioremediation of jet fuel contamination at George Air Force
   Base
SO INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION
SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation Symposium
CY APR, 1995
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Korea, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Thailand, Biotreatment News, Castalia, ENEA, Italy, Environm Protect, Gas Res Inst, Groundwater Technol Inc, Inst Francais Petr, Mitsubishi Corp, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm, Netherlands, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab, Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US DOE, Off Technol Dev, US EPA, US Naval Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Stanford Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr, Oregon Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr
C1 US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820.
NR 0
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU BATTELLE PRESS
PI COLUMBUS
PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201
BN 1-57477-002-0
J9 BIOREMED SER
PY 1995
VL 3
IS 1
BP 91
EP 100
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental
SC Engineering
GA BG31N
UT WOS:A1995BG31N00008
ER

PT J
AU BELOIAN, A
AF BELOIAN, A
TI DISINFECTANTS
SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
RP BELOIAN, A (reprint author), US EPA,7503W,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504
SN 1060-3271
J9 J AOAC INT
JI J. AOAC Int.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1995
VL 78
IS 1
BP 179
EP 179
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA QG945
UT WOS:A1995QG94500056
ER

PT J
AU DUFOUR, AP
AF DUFOUR, AP
TI WATER MICROBIOLOGY
SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
RP DUFOUR, AP (reprint author), US EPA,DIV MICROBIOL RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504
SN 1060-3271
J9 J AOAC INT
JI J. AOAC Int.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1995
VL 78
IS 1
BP 188
EP 188
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA QG945
UT WOS:A1995QG94500061
ER

PT J
AU DANIELS, JJ
   ROBERTS, R
   VENDL, M
AF DANIELS, JJ
   ROBERTS, R
   VENDL, M
TI GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR FOR THE DETECTION OF LIQUID CONTAMINANTS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
AB The significance of ground penetrating radar (GPR) as a tool to detect near-surface contaminants is illustrated at a site in the Midwest representing petroleum product above the water table. Tests show that ground penetrating radar may provide a means of mapping hydrocarbons in the vadose zone. Results of controlled surveys in a sand test pit at The Ohio State University demonstrate conclusively that there is a clear GPR anomaly over containers of diesel fuel and containers containing the host sand material saturated with diesel fuel.
   Comparisons of GPR data measured at different times of the year (summer, fall, and winter) at a gasoline spill site in northern Indiana shows direct information on layers and lenses in the vadose zone that tend to accumulate water during times of high moisture and subsequently lose the moisture during dry periods. GPR data collected in the winter over partially frozen ground provided measurements that were more sensitive to the presence of the gasoline than measurements that were made during the summer and fall. The relative propagation transparency of the near-surface zone for GPR measurements from winter data over fozen ground allowed detection of the water table that could not be confidently identified from two of the other data sets. Four important points can be concluded from a comparison of the four data sets: (1) the quality and repeatability of GPR measurements over a clean sand depends on the amount of moisture located in the unsaturated zone above the water table; (2) reflections from sedimentary features can be distinguished from reflections from percolating groundwater; (3) GPR measurements made during the dry month of August are nearly devoid of reflections above the gasoline product, indicating that the water in the unsaturated region may have been displaced by liquid gasoline, or by gasoline vapors; and (4) most importantly, these tests illustrate the resolving power and sensitivity of ground penetrating radar.
C1 US EPA,CHICAGO,IL.
RP DANIELS, JJ (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA.
NR 12
TC 64
Z9 66
U1 1
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0926-9851
J9 J APPL GEOPHYS
JI J. Appl. Geophys.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 1-3
BP 195
EP 207
DI 10.1016/0926-9851(94)00033-K
PG 13
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing
SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing
GA QN005
UT WOS:A1995QN00500019
ER

PT J
AU HO, JS
   TANG, PH
   EICHELBERGER, JW
   BUDDE, WL
AF HO, JS
   TANG, PH
   EICHELBERGER, JW
   BUDDE, WL
TI LIQUID-SOLID DISK EXTRACTION FOLLOWED BY SFE AND GC-ION-TRAP MS FOR THE
   DETERMINATION OF TRACE ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN WATER
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION; MATRICES
RP HO, JS (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA.
NR 17
TC 40
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 1
PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC
PI NILES
PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648
SN 0021-9665
J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI
JI J. Chromatogr. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 1
BP 1
EP 8
PG 8
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA PZ059
UT WOS:A1995PZ05900002
ER

PT J
AU HERRMANN, AM
   SAFFERMAN, SI
AF HERRMANN, AM
   SAFFERMAN, SI
TI PHOSPHOLIPID AND FDA ACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS ADAPTED TO BIOLOGICAL GAC
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
   AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL
LA English
DT Article
DE FDA; PHOSPHOLIPID; GAC
ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SEDIMENTS
AB Established microbial ecology analytical techniques for measuring the quantity and activity of bacteria were examined for use on biological granular activated carbon (GAG). Activity was determined using the fluorescein diacetate (FDA) assay. The assay was tested and accordingly corrected to account for the adsorption of the fluorescein on the GAC by utilizing a standard curve containing GAC from the reactor. The quantity of FDA solution and incubation times were also examined. Normalization of fluorescein adsorbance to incubation time appears to be feasible provided that the concentration of the FDA solution does not become inhibiting. The amount of biomass present was determined by measuring the phosphorous content of the phospholipids in cellular membranes. The assay can be normalized for sample size. The combination of the two assays successfully measured the microbial characteristics of the biological GAC.
RP HERRMANN, AM (reprint author), US EPA,OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC,26 MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA.
NR 19
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 1077-1204
J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A
JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subt.
   Control
PY 1995
VL 30
IS 2
BP 263
EP 280
PG 18
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA QK366
UT WOS:A1995QK36600002
ER

PT J
AU MCCLENNY, WA
   FORTUNE, CR
AF MCCLENNY, WA
   FORTUNE, CR
TI SUPERFUND CONTRACT LABORATORY PROGRAM METHOD EVALUATION - AMBIENT AIR
   VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS FROM CANISTERS
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
   AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL
LA English
DT Article
AB A GC/MS system that is modified for the addition of internal standards has been used to run the Superfund method for volatile organic compounds in ambient air as described in the Statement of Work for the Superfund Contract Laboratory Program/Statement of Work (CLP/SOW). The analysis method applies to air samples retrieved from GL (SUMMA-polished) stainless steel canisters. Generic performance criteria were tested by using full-scan mass spectrometry. The method quantitation limit was determined to be less than the contract-required quantitation limit (CRQL) for 37 of the 41 target compounds; replicate analyses of field samples achieved CLP/SOW-specified values of precision (+/-25% difference relative to the average value for two analyses) for all target gas concentrations above the CRQLE; and audit accuracy values at a nominal 5-ppb(v) concentration averaged 9.6% unsigned average relative percentage difference. Field tests at the French Limited Superfund site near Crosby, Texas, support the choice of the scanning mode of mass spectrometer operation in that many nontargeted compounds occur at high concentrations. However, method quantitation limits for targeted compounds are increased by factors ranging from five to ten from those obtainable in the selected ion monitoring mode.
C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RP MCCLENNY, WA (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LABS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 1
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 1077-1204
J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A
JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subt.
   Control
PY 1995
VL 30
IS 4
BP 901
EP 919
PG 19
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA RJ687
UT WOS:A1995RJ68700011
ER

PT J
AU LYON, WG
   WEST, CC
   OSBORN, ML
   SEWELL, GW
AF LYON, WG
   WEST, CC
   OSBORN, ML
   SEWELL, GW
TI MICROBIAL UTILIZATION OF VADOSE ZONE ORGANIC-CARBON FOR REDUCTIVE
   DECHLORINATION OF TETRACHLOROETHENE
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
   AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL
LA English
DT Article
ID ANAEROBIC AQUIFER MICROCOSMS; METHANOGENIC CONDITIONS; WATER;
   TRICHLOROETHYLENE; GROUNDWATER; STIMULATION; TRANSPORT; SOILS; ACIDS
AB Aqueous extracts from a calcareous spodosol were used las the primary substrate to study the reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (PCE). A comparison was made between extracts obtained using pure water and water saturated with trichloroethene (TCE). The latter solutions were intended to simulate solutions formed by rainwater percolating through TCE-contaminated soils. The results indicated that TCE-saturated water apparently mobilized more organic materials than did pure water. The extracts obtained from TCE-saturated water were noticeably more turbid than those obtained using pure water, suggesting greater mobilization of colloids. After centrifugation, the extracts contained similar amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOG), 16 and 20 mg/L, respectively. Microcosm studies indicated that both centrifuged extracts were capable of sustaining reductive dechlorination of PCE as evidenced by the production of TCE, dichloroethene (DCE), and methane. These results indicate that the inclusion of the transport of DOC from the surface and the vadose zone to the saturated zone may be important in bioremediation and risk-exposure models.
C1 E CENT UNIV,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74821.
   US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74821.
RP LYON, WG (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM RES SERV CORP,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74821, USA.
NR 24
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 5
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 1077-1204
J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A
JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subt.
   Control
PY 1995
VL 30
IS 7
BP 1627
EP 1639
PG 13
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA RT264
UT WOS:A1995RT26400020
ER

PT J
AU RICE, EW
   COVERT, TC
   JOHNSON, SA
   JOHNSON, CH
   REASONER, DJ
AF RICE, EW
   COVERT, TC
   JOHNSON, SA
   JOHNSON, CH
   REASONER, DJ
TI DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI IN WATER USING A COLORIMETRIC GENE PROBE
   ASSAY
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS
   SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
ID BETA-GLUCURONIDASE
AB A commercially available DNA hydribization assay (Gene-trak(R), Framingham, MA, USA) was compared with the EC-MUG procedure for the detection of Escherichia coli in water. The gene probe gave positive responses for pure cultures of E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, E. fergusonii, Shigella sonnei, S. dysenteriae and S. boydii. The hybridization assay was capable of detecting E. coli in environmental samples and survivors among chlorine exposed cells.
RP US EPA, CINCINNATI, OH 45268 USA.
NR 9
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 1
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1093-4529
EI 1532-4117
J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A
JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng.
PY 1995
VL 30
IS 5
BP 1059
EP 1067
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA RJ690
UT WOS:A1995RJ69000009
ER

PT J
AU MOLL, RA
   JUDE, D
   ROSSMANN, R
   KANTAK, GV
   BARRES, J
   DEBOE, S
   GIESY, J
   TUCHMAN, M
AF MOLL, RA
   JUDE, D
   ROSSMANN, R
   KANTAK, GV
   BARRES, J
   DEBOE, S
   GIESY, J
   TUCHMAN, M
TI MOVEMENT AND LOADINGS OF INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS THROUGH THE LOWER
   SAGINAW RIVER
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE SAGINAW RIVER; METALS; POLLUTANTS; NUTRIENTS; WATER QUALITY; SUSPENDED
   SOLIDS
ID GREAT-LAKES; BAY
AB The objective of this study was to investigate the movement of selected contaminants (four heavy metals) and conventional limnological variables through the lower Saginaw River. We related limnological variables to concentrations of contaminants, determined if sources of these contaminants existed in the lower 8 km of the river, and calculated loadings of materials to Saginaw Bay. Concentrations of most variables changed significantly among the six sampling dates in 1990-1991, while relatively few variables were different among the six sampling stations. Causes of changes in concentrations of variables in the river over time appeared to stem from two factors, seasonality and river discharge. One phase of the sampling program was conducted on six different dates which encompassed river flows ranging from greater than 700 m(3) sec(-1) to less than 25 m(3) sec(-1). The date an which the least river discharge was observed included a pow reversal when Saginaw Bay water intruded into the lower Saginaw River. Statistical analyses showed that temporal variation among variables was due, in part, to fluctuating river discharge and in part to seasonal factors. The relative importance of these two components varied among parameters. For example, total suspended solids were positively correlated with river discharge, while chlorophyll varied more seasonally. In contrast to temporal trends, few parameters varied significantly among the six sampling stations. This was especially true for dissolved and particulate metals. Loadings of key materials to Saginaw Bay from the Saginaw River were generally positively correlated with river discharge. We concluded that most substances entered the river upstream of our study section in the lower 8 km of the Saginaw River.
C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,CTR GREAT LAKES & AQUAT SCI,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109.
   US EPA,LARGE LAKES RES STN,GROSSE ILE,MI 48138.
   SAGINAW VALLEY STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,UNIV CTR,MI 48710.
   MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,INST ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PESTICIDE RES CTR,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,E LANSING,MI 48824.
   US EPA,GREAT LAKES NATL PROGRAM OFF,CHICAGO,IL 60604.
RP MOLL, RA (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,COOPERAT INST LIMNOL & ECOSYST RES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA.
NR 29
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 2
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA UNIV MICHIGAN, 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 1995
VL 21
IS 1
BP 17
EP 34
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QQ635
UT WOS:A1995QQ63500003
ER

PT J
AU VERBRUGGE, DA
   GIESY, JP
   MORA, MA
   WILLIAMS, LL
   ROSSMANN, R
   MOLL, RA
   TUCHMAN, M
AF VERBRUGGE, DA
   GIESY, JP
   MORA, MA
   WILLIAMS, LL
   ROSSMANN, R
   MOLL, RA
   TUCHMAN, M
TI CONCENTRATIONS OF DISSOLVED AND PARTICULATE POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS IN
   WATER FROM THE SAGINAW RIVER, MICHIGAN
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE LOADING; WATER QUALIFY; PCB; SAGINAW RIVER
ID 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN EQUIVALENTS; SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS;
   CONTAMINANTS; LAKE
AB The Saginaw River receives water from a major drainage basin in the east-central portion. of the lower peninsula of Michigan. Historically the river has been contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from several sources. The present study was conducted to determine the concentrations of PCBs in both the dissolved and particulate phases of water in the lower Saginaw River, as well as the relative contribution of PCBs from the lower portion of the river relative to more upstream locations. Water samples were collected in 1990-1991, during a range of discharge conditions. Suspended particulates were collected from water onto glass-fiber filters by use of a ''Penta-plate'' filtration apparatus. Filtered water was subsequently passed through XAD-2 macroreticular resin to collect the ''dissolved'' PCBs. Concentrations of PCBs in both phases were determined by congener specific gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Total concentrations of PCBs ranged from 11 to 31 ng/L. The concentrations of PCBs in the dissolved phase ranged from 1.9 to 16 ng/L. The ratio of total PCBs bound to suspended particulates, relative to dissolved PCBs, was 2:1 and remained fairly constant for discharges less than approximately 400 M(3)/sec. The loading of total PCBs to Saginaw Bay was estimated to be 225 kg/yr, of which approximately 60% was found to be contributed by the lower 8 km of the Saginaw River.
C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,INST ENVIRONM TOXICOL,E LANSING,MI 48824.
   TEXAS A&M UNIV,NATL BIOL SERV,SO SCI CTR,BRAZOS FIELD STN,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843.
   MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,E LANSING,MI 48823.
   US EPA,LARGE LAKES RES STN,GROSSE ILE,MI 48138.
   UNIV MICHIGAN,COOPERAT INST LIMNOL & ECOSYST RES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109.
   US EPA,GREAT LAKES NATL PROGRAM OFF,CHICAGO,IL 60604.
RP VERBRUGGE, DA (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,PESTICIDE RES CTR,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA.
RI Mora, Miguel/B-1344-2009
NR 23
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 4
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA UNIV MICHIGAN, 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 1995
VL 21
IS 2
BP 219
EP 233
DI 10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71033-4
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA RE179
UT WOS:A1995RE17900006
ER

PT J
AU VELLEUX, M
   ENDICOTT, D
   STEUER, J
   JAEGER, S
   PATTERSON, D
AF VELLEUX, M
   ENDICOTT, D
   STEUER, J
   JAEGER, S
   PATTERSON, D
TI LONG-TERM SIMULATION OF PCB EXPORT FROM THE FOX-RIVER TO GREEN-BAY
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; IN-PLACE POLLUTANTS;
   MATHEMATICAL MODELS; FOX RIVER; GREEN BAY; PCBS
ID SORPTIVE TOXIC-SUBSTANCES; FRESH-WATER SYSTEMS;
   POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TRANSPORT; MODELS
AB A mass balance approach was used to model long-term PCB transport in the Fox River (Wisconsin) from Lake Winnebago to Green Bay. The objectives of this research were to (1) extend the modeling approach for the Fox River to permit realistic long-term simulations of contaminant transport and fate, (2) forecast long-term PCB export from the Fox River to Green Bay, and (3) develop a rational approach for evaluating sediment remediation alternatives. Field data collected as part of the Green Bay Mass Balance Study during 1988-90 and additional data collected by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Geological Survey during 1992-93 were used to develop the model. A 10-year hindcast was conducted to confirm long-term model predictions. A series of 25-year forecasts were then. conducted to explore the potential effects of hydrograph structure, extremely high flows, and sediment remediation on long-term PCB export from the Fox River to Green Bay. PCB export from the Fox River is forecast to decrease, and most (75%) of the PCB reservoir in Fox River sediment is expected to remain in place. However, extremely high flows in future years are forecast to cause significant PCB resuspension and export. Model forecasts suggest that long-term PCB export is only mildly sensitive to changes in hydrograph structure. Sediment remediation is forecast to reduce but not eliminate PCB export.
C1 ASCI CORP,LARGE LAKES RES STN,GROSSE ILE,MI 48138.
   US EPA,LARGE LAKES RES STN,GROSSE ILE,MI 48138.
   US GEOL SURVEY,MADISON,WI 53719.
RP VELLEUX, M (reprint author), WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,BUR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT,POB 7921,MADISON,WI 53707, USA.
NR 27
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 3
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA UNIV MICHIGAN, 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 1995
VL 21
IS 3
BP 359
EP 372
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA RY629
UT WOS:A1995RY62900010
ER

PT J
AU Makarewicz, JC
   Bertram, P
   Lewis, T
   Brown, EH
AF Makarewicz, JC
   Bertram, P
   Lewis, T
   Brown, EH
TI A decade of predatory control of zooplankton species composition of Lake
   Michigan
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Lake Michigan; zooplankton biomass and population trends; food web;
   predation
ID WATER-QUALITY; BYTHOTREPHES-CEDERSTROEMI; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DYNAMICS;
   ONTARIO; ERIE; PHYTOPLANKTON; CONSEQUENCES; SELECTION; INVASION
AB From 1983 to 1992, 71 species representing 38 genera from the Calanoida, Cladocera, Cyclopoida, Mysidacea, Rotifera, Mollusca and Harpacticoida comprised the offshore zooplankton community of Lake Michigan. Our data demonstrate that the composition and abundance of the calanoid community after 1983 is not unlike that of 1960s and that species diversity of the calanoid community is more diverse than the cladoceran community in the 1990s as compared to the early 1980s. Even though the relative biomass of the cladocerans has remained similar over the 1983-1993 period, the species diversity and evenness of the Cladocera community in the early 1990s is unlike anything that has been previously reported for Lake Michigan. Cladocera dominance is centered in one species, Daphnia galeata mendotae, and only three species of Cladocera were observed in the pelagic region of the lake in 1991 and 1992. Nutrient levels, phytoplankton biomass, and the abundance of planktivorous alewife and bloater chub and Bythotrephes are examined as possible causes of these changes in zooplankton species composition. The increase in Rotifera biomass, but not Crustacea, was correlated with an increase in relative biomass of unicelluar algae. Food web models suggest Bythotrephes will cause Lake Michigan's plankton to return to a community similar to that of the 1970s; that is Diaptomus dominated. Such a change has occurred. However, correlational analysis suggest that alewife and bloater chubs (especially juveniles) are affecting size and biomass of larger species of zooplankton as well as Bythotrephes.
C1 US EPA,GREAT LAKES NATL PROGRAM OFF,CHICAGO,IL 60604.
   NATL BIOL SURVEY,GREAT LAKES SCI CTR,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105.
RP Makarewicz, JC (reprint author), SUNY COLL BROCKPORT,DEPT BIOL SCI,BROCKPORT,NY 14420, USA.
NR 53
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 8
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 1995
VL 21
IS 4
BP 620
EP 640
DI 10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71073-5
PG 21
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA TP517
UT WOS:A1995TP51700020
ER

PT J
AU BREEN, A
   ROPE, AF
   TAYLOR, D
   LOPER, JC
   SFERRA, PR
AF BREEN, A
   ROPE, AF
   TAYLOR, D
   LOPER, JC
   SFERRA, PR
TI APPLICATION OF DNA AMPLIFICATION FINGERPRINTING (DAF) TO MIXED CULTURE
   BIOREACTORS
SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE DNA FINGERPRINTING; RAPD; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
   (PCR)
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; MICROBIAL ECOLOGY;
   PSEUDOMONAS; COMMUNITY; STRAINS; HYBRIDIZATION; PLASMID; PROBES; GENES
AB The use of DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) as a tool for monitoring mixed microbial populations in bioreactors was evaluated. Short (8-mer or 10-mer) oligonucleotides were used to prime DNA extracts from various biological reactors during polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The reactors examined in this study included two sets of anaerobic stirred tank continuous how bioreactors. One set of anaerobic reactors was operated under methanogenic conditions and one set was operated under sulfate-reducing conditions. The anaerobic reactor communities in the methanol-fed reactors showed extensive DAF homology. DAF was also applied to a fixed-film azo dye degrading reactor to examine the degree of uniformity of colonization of the substratum in representative regions of the reactor. This method is a quick and relatively inexpensive means of monitoring microbial community structure during biological processes. Since no cultivation of the sample is involved, the genetic profile of the community is not biased by outgrowth conditions. DAF profiles may be useful for comparisons of population changes over time or of bench-scale vs pilot-scale reactors but not adequate for assessing community diversity.
C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221.
   US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
RP BREEN, A (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,DEPT MOLEC GENET,CINCINNATI,OH 45267, USA.
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04908]
NR 31
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 1
PU STOCKTON PRESS
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS, ENGLAND RG21 2XS
SN 0169-4146
J9 J IND MICROBIOL
JI J. Indust. Microbiol.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 1
BP 10
EP 16
DI 10.1007/BF01570059
PG 7
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA RF467
UT WOS:A1995RF46700003
PM 7766062
ER

PT J
AU Cash, GG
AF Cash, GG
TI A fast computer algorithm for finding the permanent of adjacency
   matrices
SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
AB A fast computer algorithm is described which brings computation of the permanents of sparse matrices, specifically, chemical adjacency matrices, within the reach of a desktop computer. Examples and results are presented, along with a discussion of the relationship of the permanent to the Kekule structure count. Also presented is a C-language implementation which was deliberately written for ease of translation into other high-level languages.
RP Cash, GG (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REVIEW,ENVIRONM EFFECTS BRANCH,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 8
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 1
PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0259-9791
J9 J MATH CHEM
JI J. Math. Chem.
PY 1995
VL 18
IS 2-4
BP 115
EP 119
DI 10.1007/BF01164652
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
   Applications
SC Chemistry; Mathematics
GA TN181
UT WOS:A1995TN18100002
ER

PT J
AU VANARSDALE, P
   LEWIS, T
AF VANARSDALE, P
   LEWIS, T
TI TRIPLE-CROP RICE FARMING IN JAVA - IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE
   DEVELOPMENT
SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
ID SYSTEMS RESEARCH
AB Triple-crop rice farming is practiced in relatively few regions within Southeast Asia. This includes some areas on the island of Java in Indonesia. However, its use is not as widespread as those studying the interrelationships between population growth and agricultural production believe to be possible. Using field data gathered through Farming Systems Research (FSR) methods in a densely populated area of the Jratunseluna Basin, Java, and relying upon a perspective informed by the disciplines of cultural ecology and applied anthropology, we investigated the incentives and constraints to this farming practice. External inputs are shown to be essential. Implications for the understanding of capacity-building and sustainable development are addressed. Double-cropping is suggested as a more viable long-term approach.
C1 COLORADO DIV MENTAL HLTH,CROSS CULTURAL PROGRAM,BOULDER,CO.
   UNIV DENVER,DENVER,CO 80210.
   UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO.
   US EPA,GROUND WATER PROTECT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94117.
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU HAWORTH PRESS INC
PI BINGHAMTON
PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580
SN 1044-0046
J9 J SUSTAIN AGR
JI J. Sustain. Agric.
PY 1995
VL 6
IS 1
BP 5
EP 21
DI 10.1300/J064v06n01_03
PG 17
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
SC Agriculture
GA RK902
UT WOS:A1995RK90200002
ER

PT J
AU PETERSEN, MR
   PATE, BA
   RICKMAN, EE
   JAYANTY, RKM
   WILSHIRE, FW
   KNOLL, JE
AF PETERSEN, MR
   PATE, BA
   RICKMAN, EE
   JAYANTY, RKM
   WILSHIRE, FW
   KNOLL, JE
TI VALIDATION OF A TEST METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF METHANOL EMISSIONS
   FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
AB Title III of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments designated methanol as a pollutant to be regulated. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through a contract with Research Triangle Institute, has developed a method for measuring methanol emissions from stationary sources. The methanol sampling train (MST) consists of a glass-lined heated probe, two condensate knockout traps, and three sorbent cartridges packed with Anasorb(R) 747. Samples are desorbed with a 1:1 mixture of carbon disulfide (CS2) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Condensate water and CS2/ DMF samples are analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The MST has a practical quantitation limit of approximately 3 ppm for a 20-L sample. Samples were shown to be stable for at least two weeks after collection.
   Field tests of the MST and the National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI) methanol sampling method were conducted at two pulp and paper mills. Sampling and analysis procedures followed EPA Method 301 requirements.
   The sampling location for the first field test was the inlet vent to a softwood bleach plant scrubber, where the methanol concentration was approximately 30 ppm. The mean recovery of spike was 108.3% for the MST method and 81.6% for the NCASI method. Although neither method showed significant bias at the 95% confidence level, the between-methods bias was significantly different.
   A second field test was conducted at a vent from a black liquor oxidation tank where the methanol concentration was approximately 350 ppm. Mean spike recoveries were 96.6 and 94.2% for the MST and NCASI methods, respectively. The biases of the two methods and the between-methods bias were not significantly different for the second field test.
C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LABS,SOURCE METHODS RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP PETERSEN, MR (reprint author), RES TRIANGLE INST,CTR ENVIRONM MEASUREMENTS & QUAL ASSURANCE,POB 12194,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA.
NR 4
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 3
PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC
PI PITTSBURGH
PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230
SN 1047-3289
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 45
IS 1
BP 3
EP 11
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA QC156
UT WOS:A1995QC15600002
PM 15658161
ER

PT J
AU TIMBERLAKE, DL
   GARBACIAK, S
AF TIMBERLAKE, DL
   GARBACIAK, S
TI BENCH-SCALE TESTING OF SELECTED REMEDIATION ALTERNATIVES FOR
   CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
AB The Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (ARCS) Program within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) contained a component for demonstrating and evaluating sediment remediation technologies. Toward this end, bench-scale tests of solvent extraction, thermal desorption, and wet air oxidation technologies were conducted. Contaminated sediments were tested from the Grand Calumet River, Indiana; Buffalo River, New York; Saginaw River, Michigan; and Ashtabula River, Ohio. The primary contaminants of concern in these sediments were polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The solvent extraction tests were conducted with sediments from the Grand Calumet, Buffalo, and Saginaw rivers. The thermal desorption studies were conducted with sediments from the Grand Calumet, Buffalo, and Ashtabula rivers. The wet air oxidation testing was performed with the Grand Calumet River sediment. Raw sediment contaminant concentrations ranged from 0.32-21.9 mg/kg dry mass for PCBs and 2.70-266 mg/kg dry mass for PAHs. PCB removal or destruction efficiencies ranged from approximately 6-99%. PAH removal or destruction efficiencies ranged from 65-99%. Mass balance closures ranged from 40-99% for solids; 59-139% for water; 29-3500% for oil; 16-129% for PCBs; and 69-3170% for PAHs.
C1 US EPA,GREAT LAKES NATL PROGRAM OFF,ASSESSMENT & REMEDIAT CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS PROG,CHICAGO,IL 60604.
RP TIMBERLAKE, DL (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA.
NR 3
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 4
PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC
PI PITTSBURGH
PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230
SN 1047-3289
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 45
IS 1
BP 52
EP 56
PG 5
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA QC156
UT WOS:A1995QC15600008
PM 15658167
ER

PT J
AU WILLIAMS, D
AF WILLIAMS, D
TI THE FUR TRADE OF THE AMERICAN-WEST, 1807-1840 - WISHART,DJ
SO JOURNAL OF THE WEST
LA English
DT Book Review
RP WILLIAMS, D (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU J WEST INC
PI MANHATTAN
PA P O BOX 1009 1531 YUMA, MANHATTAN, KS 66502
SN 0022-5169
J9 J WEST
JI J. West
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 34
IS 1
BP 104
EP 104
PG 1
WC History
SC History
GA QD427
UT WOS:A1995QD42700062
ER

PT J
AU ELLIN, RI
AF ELLIN, RI
TI SETTING PROVISIONAL CONCENTRATION LEVELS
SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
RP ELLIN, RI (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY PLANNING & EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0731-3810
J9 J TOXICOL-CLIN TOXIC
JI J. Toxicol.-Clin. Toxicol.
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 3
BP 285
EP 286
PG 2
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA RA395
UT WOS:A1995RA39500018
PM 7760459
ER

PT J
AU ELLIN, RI
AF ELLIN, RI
TI A SIMPLE MEANS OF CALCULATING BLOOD LEAD CONCENTRATIONS
SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
ID TOTAL DIET SAMPLES; 1980 MARCH 1982; PESTICIDES; CHEMICALS; ELEMENTS;
   FOOD
RP ELLIN, RI (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY PLANNING & EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0731-3810
J9 J TOXICOL-CLIN TOXIC
JI J. Toxicol.-Clin. Toxicol.
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 4
BP 385
EP 387
PG 3
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA RL665
UT WOS:A1995RL66500019
PM 7629912
ER

PT J
AU SHEVCHENKO, SM
   AKIM, LG
   TANAHASHI, M
   HIGUCHI, T
AF SHEVCHENKO, SM
   AKIM, LG
   TANAHASHI, M
   HIGUCHI, T
TI COMPARATIVE-STUDY ON MILD DEPOLYMERIZATION OF LIGNIN MODEL
   DEHYDROGENATION POLYMERS AND MILLED FOOD LIGNIN
SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DRY HYDROGEN IODIDE; TRIMETHYLSILYL IODIDE; SPRUCE LIGNIN; ETHER BONDS;
   C-13; BIODEGRADATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; MONOLIGNOLS; CLEAVAGE; SPECTRA
AB Dehydrogenation polymers (DHPs) of coniferyl alcohol prepared in three different ways (bulk, end-wise and membrane) and spruce (Picea mariana) milled wood lignin (MWL) were depolymerized with dry hydrogen iodide. The amounts of the only monomeric product, 1, 3-diiodo-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propane and oligomeric products resulted from this procedure were compared. All DHPs differ noticeably from MWL in their structural organization, the bulk one being the best approximation. Yields of the diiodide were high in all cases (end-wise DHP: 45%, membrane DHP: 55%, MWL and bulk DHP: 20%). Molecular mass distributions of higher molecular mass products were similar in all the cases except end-wise DHP which demonstrated lesser degree of polymerization of high molecular mass fraction.
C1 ST PETERSBURG ACAD FORESTRY, ST PETERSBURG 194018, RUSSIA.
   GIFU UNIV, YANAGIDO GIFU, JAPAN.
   NIHON UNIV, TOKYO 154, JAPAN.
   US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, 960 COLL STN RD, ATHENS, GA 30605 USA.
NR 41
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0277-3813
EI 1532-2319
J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL
JI J. Wood Chem. Technol.
PY 1995
VL 15
IS 2
BP 163
EP 178
DI 10.1080/02773819508009505
PG 16
WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood
SC Materials Science
GA QX588
UT WOS:A1995QX58800001
ER

PT B
AU Thomas, DJ
AF Thomas, DJ
BE Subramanian, KNS
   Wastney, ME
TI Some constitutive modifiers of the kinetic and dynamic behavior of
   non-essential metals
SO KINETIC MODELS OF TRACE ELEMENT AND MINERAL METABOLISM DURING
   DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Mathematical Modeling in Experimental Nutrition IV - Trace
   Element/Mineral Metabolism During Development Conference
CY JUN 07-12, 1992
CL GEORGETOWN UNIV MED CTR, WASHINGTON, DC
SP NIH, US EPA, Ross Labs, Georgetown Univ Childrens Med Ctr
HO GEORGETOWN UNIV MED CTR
C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,EXPT TOXICOL DIV,PHARMACOKINET BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS INC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
BN 0-8493-4736-X
PY 1995
BP 233
EP 240
PG 8
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Obstetrics &
   Gynecology; Pediatrics
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Obstetrics &
   Gynecology; Pediatrics
GA BF54C
UT WOS:A1995BF54C00019
ER

PT B
AU Hall, LL
   Allen, PV
   Fisher, EL
   Most, B
AF Hall, LL
   Allen, PV
   Fisher, EL
   Most, B
BE Subramanian, KNS
   Wastney, ME
TI The kinetics of intravenously-administered inorganic mercury in humans
SO KINETIC MODELS OF TRACE ELEMENT AND MINERAL METABOLISM DURING
   DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Mathematical Modeling in Experimental Nutrition IV - Trace
   Element/Mineral Metabolism During Development Conference
CY JUN 07-12, 1992
CL GEORGETOWN UNIV MED CTR, WASHINGTON, DC
SP NIH, US EPA, Ross Labs, Georgetown Univ Childrens Med Ctr
HO GEORGETOWN UNIV MED CTR
C1 US EPA,PHARMACOKINET BRANCH,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU CRC PRESS INC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
BN 0-8493-4736-X
PY 1995
BP 265
EP 280
PG 16
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Obstetrics &
   Gynecology; Pediatrics
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Obstetrics &
   Gynecology; Pediatrics
GA BF54C
UT WOS:A1995BF54C00021
ER

PT B
AU Rossmann, R
AF Rossmann, R
BE Munawar, M
   Edsall, T
   Leach, J
TI Trace element concentrations in 1988 Saginaw Bay sediments: Comparison
   with historical data
SO LAKE HURON ECOSYSTEM: ECOLOGY, FISHERIES AND MANAGEMENT
SE ECOVISION WORLD MONOGRAPH SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Lake Huron Ecosystem - Ecology, Fisheries and
   Management
CY SEP 27-29, 1993
CL WINDSOR, CANADA
SP Equat Ecosyst Hlth & Management Soc, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Agcy, Ontario Minist Nat Resources, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, City Windsor
DE Great Lakes; cores; metal profiles
C1 US EPA,LARGE LAKES RES STN,LARGE LAKES & RIVERS RES BRANCH,GROSSE ILE,MI 48138.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU S P B ACADEMIC PUBL BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 11188, 1001 GD AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
BN 90-5103-117-3
J9 ECOVIS WORLD MG SER
PY 1995
BP 343
EP 364
PG 22
WC Ecology; Fisheries; Limnology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA BF81U
UT WOS:A1995BF81U00015
ER

PT B
AU Landreth, RE
AF Landreth, RE
BE Dunn, RJ
   Singh, UP
TI Why dry landfills without leachate recirculation are effective
SO LANDFILL CLOSURES...ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND LAND RECOVERY
SE GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Technical Session on Landfill Closures, at the 1995 ASCE National
   Convention
CY OCT 23-27, 1995
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP ASCE, Geotech Engn Div, Environm Geotech Comm, ASCE, Environm Engn Div, Solid Waste Engn Comm
C1 US EPA,MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE & RESIDUALS MANGEMENT BRANC,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
BN 0-7844-0119-5
J9 GEOTECH SP
PY 1995
IS 53
BP 100
EP 105
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Geology
GA BF09Z
UT WOS:A1995BF09Z00008
ER

PT J
AU STEFAN, HG
   FANG, X
   WRIGHT, D
   EATON, JG
   MCCORMICK, JH
AF STEFAN, HG
   FANG, X
   WRIGHT, D
   EATON, JG
   MCCORMICK, JH
TI SIMULATION OF DISSOLVED-OXYGEN PROFILES IN A TRANSPARENT, DIMICTIC LAKE
SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID PLANKTONIC ALGAE; STRATIFICATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MODEL; LIGHT
AB Thrush Lake is a small, highly transparent lake in northeastern Minnesota. From 1986 to 1991, vertical profiles of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a concentration, underwater light irradiance, and Secchi depths were measured at monthly intervals during the ice-free period. Average Secchi depth was 7.5 m. Metalimnetic oxygen maxima were observed every summer. The oxygen peaks were related to Chl a distribution and water transparency. A deterministic one-dimensional model was developed to simulate vertical dissolved oxygen (D.O.) profiles on a daily time scale throughout the open-water season. The model includes oxygen production by photosynthesis and surface reaeration as well as oxygen consumption by plant respiration and biochemical and sedimentary oxygen demand. The measurements suggest that the model must use different Chl a and sedimentary oxygen demand values in the surface mixed layer and below the surface mixed layer in conjunction with high transparency to obtain a metalimnetic oxygen maximum. Measured Chl a values are specified as input to the D.O. model. The model reproduces measured D.O. distributions with a standard error of 1.4 mg liter(-1) and shows the observed metalimnetic oxygen maxima. Model output changes only slightly with starting date of simulation and initial D.O. values. Simulated water temperature and D.O. distributions in the lake, especially the surface mixed-layer depth and the metalimnetic oxygen maxima, are sensitive to changes in water transparency.
C1 MINNESOTA DEPT NAT RESOURCES,DIV FISH & WILDLIFE,ECOL SERV SECT,ST PAUL,MN 55155.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804.
RP STEFAN, HG (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,ST ANTHONY FALLS HYDRAUL LAB,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414, USA.
NR 34
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897
SN 0024-3590
J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR
JI Limnol. Oceanogr.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 40
IS 1
BP 105
EP 118
PG 14
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA QT292
UT WOS:A1995QT29200009
ER

PT J
AU SPEAR, LB
   AINLEY, DG
   RIBIC, CA
AF SPEAR, LB
   AINLEY, DG
   RIBIC, CA
TI INCIDENCE OF PLASTIC IN SEABIRDS FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC, 1984-91 -
   RELATION WITH DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES, SEX, AGE, SEASON, YEAR AND
   BODY-WEIGHT
SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID PARTICLE POLLUTION; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; INGESTION; ACCUMULATION;
   GRANULES; BEACHES; OCEAN
AB The incidence of plastic in seabirds was studied (number of individuals of a species containing plastic per number inspected, and number of particles per individual), in 1574 individuals representing 36 species of seabirds collected in the tropical Pacific, mostly between 110 and 150 degrees W longitude, fr om 1984 to 1991. Incidence of plastic was lower in resident species compared to those which bred to the south or north but wintered in the region, and especially when compared to species that crossed the tropics in migration between the South and North Pacific. Seasonal and age-related patterns in incidence of plastic, number of particles, and particle type (pellets versus user-plastic) among a group of five Procellariiform species (each with > 5% of the individuals containing plastic and for which samples were > 20 birds) indicated that degradation for an individual particle in the gizzard required less than one year, and that little plastic was regurgitated by parents to chicks. Two patterns emerged from this data regarding body weight: (i) heavier birds (for a given species, age-class, season and year) were move likely to contain at feast some plastic, from which we hypothesize that birds in better physical condition fed more often in areas where higher densities of plastic and food are found, such as fronts and convergences; and (ii) among individuals who contained plastic (grouped by species), there was a significant negative correlation between number of plastic particles and body weight. This is the first solid evidence for a negative relationship between plastic ingestion and physical condition in seabirds. The likelihood that higher quality individuals are more prone to ingestplastic has serious implications regarding health of some seabird populations.
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333.
RP SPEAR, LB (reprint author), POINT REYES BIRD OBSERV,STINSON BEACH,STINSON BEACH,CA 94970, USA.
NR 49
TC 80
Z9 92
U1 2
U2 56
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0141-1136
J9 MAR ENVIRON RES
JI Mar. Environ. Res.
PY 1995
VL 40
IS 2
BP 123
EP 146
DI 10.1016/0141-1136(94)00140-K
PG 24
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
   Toxicology
GA RM927
UT WOS:A1995RM92700002
ER

PT J
AU WEIS, P
   WEIS, JS
   COUCH, J
   DANIELS, C
   CHEN, T
AF WEIS, P
   WEIS, JS
   COUCH, J
   DANIELS, C
   CHEN, T
TI PATHOLOGICAL AND GENOTOXICOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS IN OYSTERS
   (CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA) LIVING ON CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE
   (CCA)-TREATED WOOD
SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Symposium on Responses of Marine Organisms to
   Pollutants
CY 1993
CL GOTEBORG, SWEDEN
SP SWEDISH ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, SWEDISH NAT SCI RES COUNCIL, WENNER GREN CTR FDN, ASTRA HASSLE AB, SWEDISH NATL BOARD FISHERIES, UNIV GOTEBORG, DIV ENVIRONM SCI, CHALMERS UNIV TECHNOL, DIV ENVIRONM SCI, UNIV GOTEBORG, MARINE RES CTR
ID MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; MICRONUCLEI; CONTAMINANTS; CHROMIUM; LUMBER
AB Oysters living on chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood in a residential canal were compared with oysters from a reference site 1.2 km away. Canal oysters were frequently green in color and had 15 times more copper (approximate to 200 mu g/g wet wt.) and 2-3 times more arsenic (approximate to 3 mu g/g) than reference oysters. Histological examination of soft tissues showed significantly more metaplastic degeneration in digestive gland diverticula of canal oysters. Giemsa-stained canal oyster gill cells had twice as many micronuclei as did reference oyster gill cells.
   Reference oysters caged by the CCA-treated wood in the canal had Cu tissue accumulations approaching that of native canal oysters by three months. These did not show increased digestive gland metaplasia but did have a nearly doubled incidence of micronuclei.
   Cu has been shown to cause digestive gland pathology in bivalves; thus, the treated wood could be responsible for the observed pathology. The Cr and As from the wood although not accumulated to the extent of Cu, could influence the nonspecific response which was observed, Cr may also be responsible for the observed genotoxicity. Other possible stressors in the canal (e.g. boat exhaust, gardening chemicals) could also be involved.
C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,NEWARK,NJ.
   US EPA,GULF BREEZE,FL.
   TECH RESOURCES INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561.
RP WEIS, P (reprint author), UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,DEPT ANAT,NEWARK,NJ 07103, USA.
NR 14
TC 20
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0141-1136
J9 MAR ENVIRON RES
JI Mar. Environ. Res.
PY 1995
VL 39
IS 1-4
BP 275
EP 278
DI 10.1016/0141-1136(94)00074-Y
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
   Toxicology
GA QR261
UT WOS:A1995QR26100056
ER

PT J
AU YOUSTEN, AA
   BENFIELD, EF
   GENTHNER, FJ
AF YOUSTEN, AA
   BENFIELD, EF
   GENTHNER, FJ
TI BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS MOSQUITO PATHOGENS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Seminar on Biotechnologic Applications of Entomopathogenic
   Bacteria
CY MAY 23-27, 1994
CL OSWALDO CRUZ INST, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL
SP NATL RES COUNCIL, RIO DE JANEIRO STATE RES SPONSORSHIP FDN, AMER NATL SCI FDN AGCY
HO OSWALDO CRUZ INST
DE BACILLUS SPHAERICUS; BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ISRAELENSIS; MOSQUITO
   PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; BACTERIAL SPORES; CHIRONOMUS RIPARIUS; PARAGNETINA
   MEDIA; PTERONARCYS PROTEUS; TIPULA ABDOMINALIS; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
ID TOXINS
AB The fate of Bacillus sphaericus spores in the aquatic environment was investigated by suspending spores in dialysis bags in fresh and seawater. Spore viability was lost more rapidly in seawater. Neither B. sphaericus nor B. thuringiensis israelensis (B.t.i.) spores mixed with pond sediment appeared to attach to the sediment. However, rapid decrease in B.t.i. toxicity suggested attachment of parasporal bodies to sediment. B. sphaericus toxin settled more slowly and less completely. B. sphaericus spores fed to larvae of four aquatic invertebrates were mostly eliminated from the animal gut in less than one week. An exception was the cranefly (Tipula abdominalis) where spores persisted in the posterior gut for up to five weeks.
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MICROBIAL ECOL & BIOTECHNOL BRANCH,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561.
RP YOUSTEN, AA (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA.
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 1
PU MEM INST OSWALDO CRUZ
PI RIO DE JANEIRO
PA SECRETARY CAIXA POSTAL 926, 20001 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL
SN 0074-0276
J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ
JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1995
VL 90
IS 1
BP 125
EP 129
PG 5
WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine
SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine
GA QP739
UT WOS:A1995QP73900023
PM 8524074
ER

PT B
AU NIELSEN, A
   CURRY, P
   LEIGHTON, T
AF NIELSEN, A
   CURRY, P
   LEIGHTON, T
BE Curry, PB
   Iyengar, S
   Maloney, PA
   Maroni, M
TI The Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database (PHED): Regulatory overview
SO METHODS OF PESTICIDE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
SE NATO - CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on Methods of Pesticide Exposure Assessment
CY OCT 05-08, 1993
CL OTTAWA, CANADA
SP Hlth Canada, NATO, US Environm Agcy, OECD
C1 US EPA,DIV HLTH EFFECTS,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
BN 0-306-45130-1
J9 NATO-CHAL M
PY 1995
VL 19
BP 89
EP 93
PG 5
WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Analytical; Entomology; Toxicology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Entomology; Toxicology
GA BE09V
UT WOS:A1995BE09V00011
ER

PT B
AU PRITCHARD, PH
   MUELLER, JG
   LANTZ, SE
   SANTAVY, DL
AF PRITCHARD, PH
   MUELLER, JG
   LANTZ, SE
   SANTAVY, DL
BE Allsopp, D
   Colwell, RR
   Hawksworth, DL
TI The potential importance of biodiversity in environmental biotechnology
   applications: Bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils and sediments
SO MICROBIAL DIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IUBS/IUMS Workshop on Microbial Diversity and Ecosystem Function
CY AUG 10-13, 1993
CL EGHAM, ENGLAND
SP Int Union Biol Sci, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Commiss European Communities, DG XII, CAB Int, Sci Comm Problems Environm, UNEP
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561.
NR 0
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU C A B INTERNATIONAL
PI WALLINGFORD
PA  WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND 0X10 8DE
BN 0-85198-898-9
PY 1995
BP 161
EP 183
PG 23
WC Ecology; Microbiology; Mycology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology; Mycology
GA BD97N
UT WOS:A1995BD97N00009
ER

PT B
AU SANTAVY, DL
AF SANTAVY, DL
BE Allsopp, D
   Colwell, RR
   Hawksworth, DL
TI The diversity of microorganisms associated with marine invertebrates and
   their roles in the maintenance of ecosystems
SO MICROBIAL DIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IUBS/IUMS Workshop on Microbial Diversity and Ecosystem Function
CY AUG 10-13, 1993
CL EGHAM, ENGLAND
SP Int Union Biol Sci, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Commiss European Communities, DG XII, CAB Int, Sci Comm Problems Environm, UNEP
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561.
NR 0
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 3
PU C A B INTERNATIONAL
PI WALLINGFORD
PA  WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND 0X10 8DE
BN 0-85198-898-9
PY 1995
BP 211
EP 229
PG 19
WC Ecology; Microbiology; Mycology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology; Mycology
GA BD97N
UT WOS:A1995BD97N00012
ER

PT B
AU Wilson, BH
   Hutchins, SR
   West, CC
AF Wilson, BH
   Hutchins, SR
   West, CC
BE Hinchee, RE
   Brockman, FJ
   Vogel, MA
TI Surfactant use with nitrate-based bioremediation
SO MICROBIAL PROCESSES FOR BIOREMEDIATION
SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation Symposium
CY APR, 1995
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Korea, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Thailand, Biotreatment News, Castalia, ENEA, Italy, Environm Protect, Gas Res Inst, Groundwater Technol Inc, Inst Francais Petr, Mitsubishi Corp, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm, Netherlands, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab, Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US DOE, Off Technol Dev, US EPA, US Naval Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Stanford Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr, Oregon Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr
C1 US EPA,RS KERR LAB,ADA,OK 74820.
NR 0
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU BATTELLE PRESS
PI COLUMBUS
PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201
BN 1-57477-009-8
J9 BIOREMED SER
PY 1995
VL 3
IS 8
BP 25
EP 31
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental
SC Engineering
GA BG31V
UT WOS:A1995BG31V00004
ER

PT B
AU Miller, DE
   Hutchins, SR
AF Miller, DE
   Hutchins, SR
BE Hinchee, RE
   Brockman, FJ
   Vogel, MA
TI Petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation under mixed
   denitrifying/microaerophilic conditions
SO MICROBIAL PROCESSES FOR BIOREMEDIATION
SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation Symposium
CY APR, 1995
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Korea, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Thailand, Biotreatment News, Castalia, ENEA, Italy, Environm Protect, Gas Res Inst, Groundwater Technol Inc, Inst Francais Petr, Mitsubishi Corp, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm, Netherlands, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab, Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US DOE, Off Technol Dev, US EPA, US Naval Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Stanford Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr, Oregon Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr
C1 US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU BATTELLE PRESS
PI COLUMBUS
PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201
BN 1-57477-009-8
J9 BIOREMED SER
PY 1995
VL 3
IS 8
BP 129
EP 136
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental
SC Engineering
GA BG31V
UT WOS:A1995BG31V00015
ER

PT B
AU DavisHoover, WJ
   Vesper, SJ
AF DavisHoover, WJ
   Vesper, SJ
BE Hinchee, RE
   Brockman, FJ
   Vogel, MA
TI Temperature effects on propylene glycol-contaminated soil cores
SO MICROBIAL PROCESSES FOR BIOREMEDIATION
SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation Symposium
CY APR, 1995
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Korea, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Thailand, Biotreatment News, Castalia, ENEA, Italy, Environm Protect, Gas Res Inst, Groundwater Technol Inc, Inst Francais Petr, Mitsubishi Corp, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm, Netherlands, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab, Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US DOE, Off Technol Dev, US EPA, US Naval Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Stanford Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr, Oregon Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr
C1 US EPA,NATL RISK MGMT RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45224.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU BATTELLE PRESS
PI COLUMBUS
PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201
BN 1-57477-009-8
J9 BIOREMED SER
PY 1995
VL 3
IS 8
BP 329
EP 333
PG 5
WC Engineering, Environmental
SC Engineering
GA BG31V
UT WOS:A1995BG31V00038
ER

PT B
AU Lee, CC
   Huffman, GL
   Williams, P
AF Lee, CC
   Huffman, GL
   Williams, P
BE Moghissi, AA
   Love, BR
   Blauvelt, RK
TI Permit roadmap development for mixed waste treatment
SO MIXED WASTE - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd Biennial Symposium on Mixed Waste
CY AUG 07-10, 1995
CL BALTIMORE, MD
SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Mixed Waste Comm, Temple Univ, US DOE, US EPA, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat
C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU COGNIZANT COMMUNICATION CORP
PI ELMSFORD
PA 3 HARTSDALE RD, ELMSFORD, NY 10523-3701
BN 1-882345-04-5
PY 1995
BP 163
EP 184
PG 22
WC Engineering, Environmental
SC Engineering
GA BG28Q
UT WOS:A1995BG28Q00018
ER

PT B
AU Tabak, HH
   Govind, R
   Pfanstiel, S
   Fu, CS
   Yan, XS
   Gao, C
AF Tabak, HH
   Govind, R
   Pfanstiel, S
   Fu, CS
   Yan, XS
   Gao, C
BE Hinchee, RE
   Douglas, GS
   Ong, SK
TI Protocol development for determining kinetics of in situ bioremediation
SO MONITORING AND VERIFICATION OF BIOREMEDIATION
SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation Symposium
CY APR, 1995
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Korea, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Thailand, Biotreatment News, Castalia, ENEA, Italy, Environm Protect, Gas Res Inst, Groundwater Technol Inc, Inst Francais Petr, Mitsubishi Corp, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm, Netherlands, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab, Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US DOE, Off Technol Dev, US EPA, US Naval Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Stanford Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr, Oregon Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY,BIOSYST DEV SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU BATTELLE PRESS
PI COLUMBUS
PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201
BN 1-57477-006-3
J9 BIOREMED SER
PY 1995
VL 3
IS 5
BP 203
EP 209
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental
SC Engineering
GA BG31S
UT WOS:A1995BG31S00023
ER

PT B
AU Trust, BA
   Mueller, JG
   Coffin, RB
   Cifuentes, LA
AF Trust, BA
   Mueller, JG
   Coffin, RB
   Cifuentes, LA
BE Hinchee, RE
   Douglas, GS
   Ong, SK
TI The biodegradation of fluoranthene as monitored using stable carbon
   isotopes
SO MONITORING AND VERIFICATION OF BIOREMEDIATION
SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation Symposium
CY APR, 1995
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Korea, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Thailand, Biotreatment News, Castalia, ENEA, Italy, Environm Protect, Gas Res Inst, Groundwater Technol Inc, Inst Francais Petr, Mitsubishi Corp, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Natl Inst Public Hlth & Environm, Netherlands, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab, Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US DOE, Off Technol Dev, US EPA, US Naval Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Stanford Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr, Oregon Univ, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr
C1 US EPA,GBERL,NATL RES COUNCIL,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561.
NR 0
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 0
PU BATTELLE PRESS
PI COLUMBUS
PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201
BN 1-57477-006-3
J9 BIOREMED SER
PY 1995
VL 3
IS 5
BP 233
EP 239
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental
SC Engineering
GA BG31S
UT WOS:A1995BG31S00026
ER

PT J
AU KLIGERMAN, AD
   MOTTUS, K
   EREXSON, GL
AF KLIGERMAN, AD
   MOTTUS, K
   EREXSON, GL
TI CYTOGENETIC ANALYSES OF THE IN-VITRO AND IN-VIVO RESPONSES OF MURINE
   CELLS TO PEROXYACETYL NITRATE (PAN)
SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE PEROXYACETYL NITRATE; CYTOGENETIC DAMAGE; DNA DAMAGE; AIR POLLUTION;
   LUNG
ID SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGE; INDUCTION; EXPOSURE; SYSTEM
AB Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is one of a class of common air pollutant formed by the action of sunlight on volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides. PAN has been shown to be a bacterial mutagen. To determine if PAN can cause DNA damage in mammalian cells, we exposed murine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to various volumes of PAN in vitro and analyzed the cells for chromosome aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), and DNA damage using the single cell gel (SCG) assay. At in vitro concentrations of PAN that were cytotoxic (inhibited cell division), an increase in DNA damage was noted in the SCG assay. At lower exposure levels that permitted cell division, no increases in SCEs, CAs, or DNA damage were evident. For in vivo studies, male mice were exposed nose-only by inhalation for 1 h to 0, 15, 39 or 78 ppm PAN, and their lung cells removed and cultured for the scoring of SCEs and CAs. In addition, PBLs and lung cells were analyzed by the SCG assay. No dose-related effects were found in any of the assays. These data indicate that PAN does not appear to be a potent clastogen or DNA damaging agent in mammalian cells in vivo or in vitro.
C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
   ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RP KLIGERMAN, AD (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,MAIL DROP 68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5T32ES07126]
NR 18
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-1218
J9 MUTAT RES-GENET TOX
JI Mutat. Res.-Genet. Toxicol.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 341
IS 3
BP 199
EP 206
DI 10.1016/0165-1218(95)90010-1
PG 8
WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA QB880
UT WOS:A1995QB88000007
PM 7529361
ER

PT B
AU JENSEN, KF
AF JENSEN, KF
BE Spear, NE
   Spear, LP
   Woodruff, ML
TI EVALUATING THE STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM FOR RISK
   ASSESSMENT
SO NEUROBEHAVIORAL PLASTICITY: LEARNING, DEVELOPMENT, AND RESPONSE TO BRAIN
   INSULTS - A VOLUME IN HONOR OF ROBERT L ISAACSON
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 1993 Meeting of the International-Society-for-Neurobehavioral-Science
CY AUG, 1993
CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO
SP Int Soc Neurobehav Sci
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL
PI MAHWAH
PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430
BN 0-8058-1425-6
PY 1995
BP 423
EP 437
PG 15
WC Neurosciences; Psychology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA BD18A
UT WOS:A1995BD18A00023
ER

PT J
AU TEICHMAN, KY
AF TEICHMAN, KY
TI INDOOR AIR-QUALITY - RESEARCH NEEDS
SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
RP TEICHMAN, KY (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107
SN 0885-114X
J9 OCCUP MED
JI Occup. Med.-State Art Rev.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1995
VL 10
IS 1
BP 217
EP 227
PG 11
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QY161
UT WOS:A1995QY16100014
PM 7792677
ER

PT J
AU WINKLER, RL
   WALLSTEN, TS
   WHITFIELD, RG
   RICHMOND, HM
   HAYES, SR
   ROSENBAUM, AS
AF WINKLER, RL
   WALLSTEN, TS
   WHITFIELD, RG
   RICHMOND, HM
   HAYES, SR
   ROSENBAUM, AS
TI AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF CHRONIC LUNG INJURY ATTRIBUTABLE TO
   LONG-TERM OZONE EXPOSURE
SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID COMPLEX TECHNICAL PROBLEMS; EXPERT JUDGMENT; GASEOUS-POLLUTANTS;
   REGIONAL UPTAKE; PROBABILITIES; SENSITIVITY; MODEL
AB This paper presents an application of a formal process for encoding experts' probabilistic judgments. The objective is to characterize scientific judgment regarding the risk of chronic lung injury to children aged 8 through 16 and to adult outdoor workers due to long-term ozone exposure in areas with patterns of exposure similar to those found in Southern California and the Northeast. Our measure of injury is the incidence of mild or moderate lesions in the centriacinar region of the lung. probabilities over population response rates were elicited from six health experts actively researching ozone-induced lung injury. We describe our approach, present some judgmental probability distributions over the population response rates for formation of lesions induced by exposure to ozone, summarize some qualitative results, and offer some concluding comments.
C1 DUKE UNIV,INST STAT & DECIS SCI,DURHAM,NC 27706.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,COGNIT PSYCHOL PROGRAM,CHAPEL HILL,NC.
   ARGONNE NATL LAB,DECIS & RISK ANAL SECT,ARGONNE,IL 60439.
   US EPA,OFF AIR QUAL PLANNING & STAND,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   ENVIRON CORP,EMERYVILLE,CA.
   SYST APPLICAT INC,SAN RAFAEL,CA 94903.
RP WINKLER, RL (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,FUQUA SCH BUSINESS,DURHAM,NC 27706, USA.
NR 28
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 4
PU OPERATIONS RES SOC AMER
PI BALTIMORE
PA 1314 GUILFORD AVENUE BUSINESS OFFICE, BALTIMORE, MD 21202
SN 0030-364X
J9 OPER RES
JI Oper. Res.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1995
VL 43
IS 1
BP 19
EP 28
DI 10.1287/opre.43.1.19
PG 10
WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science
SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science
GA QV842
UT WOS:A1995QV84200002
ER

PT B
AU KOVALEV, VA
   ALVAREZ, RJ
AF KOVALEV, VA
   ALVAREZ, RJ
BE Leonelli, J
   Killinger, DK
   Vaughan, W
   Yost, MG
TI DETERMINATION OF VERTICAL OZONE PROFILES IN THE LOWER TROPOSPHERE USING
   ESTIMATES OF THE DIAL DATA QUALITY
SO OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION FOR GAS EMISSIONS MONITORING AND ATMOSPHERIC
   MEASUREMENTS
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
   (SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Optical Instrumentation for Gas Emissions Monitoring and
   Atmospheric Measurements
CY NOV 07-10, 1994
CL MCLEAN, VA
SP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC, SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS, US EPA, US DOE, CHEM MANUFACTURERS ASSOC
DE DIAL; OZONE CONCENTRATION; MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193.
RI Alvarez, Raul/I-4879-2013
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010
BN 0-8194-1712-2
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 1995
VL 2366
BP 336
EP 343
DI 10.1117/12.205576
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments &
   Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments &
   Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BC91H
UT WOS:A1995BC91H00036
ER

PT B
AU DAVIS, MF
   ARELLO, J
   HELVIG, JR
   HUDSON, JL
   TUCKER, MD
   POHOLARZ, JM
   HAMMAKER, RM
   FATELEY, WG
AF DAVIS, MF
   ARELLO, J
   HELVIG, JR
   HUDSON, JL
   TUCKER, MD
   POHOLARZ, JM
   HAMMAKER, RM
   FATELEY, WG
BE Simpson, OA
TI Evaluation of emissions from remedial activity at a former manufactured
   gas plant by open path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
SO OPTICAL SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND PROCESS MONITORING, PROCEEDINGS OF
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
   (SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Optical Sensors for Environmental and Chemical Process
   Monitoring
CY NOV 07-10, 1994
CL MCLEAN, VA
SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, US EPA, US DOE, Chem Manufacturers Assoc
C1 US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM SERV,KANSAS CITY,KS 66115.
NR 0
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010
BN 0-8194-1711-4
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 1995
VL 2365
BP 253
EP 261
DI 10.1117/12.210799
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BD39N
UT WOS:A1995BD39N00025
ER

PT B
AU PRITCHETT, TH
AF PRITCHETT, TH
BE Simpson, OA
TI Proposed use of optical remote sensing for monitoring emissions from
   landfills
SO OPTICAL SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND PROCESS MONITORING, PROCEEDINGS OF
SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
   (SPIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Optical Sensors for Environmental and Chemical Process
   Monitoring
CY NOV 07-10, 1994
CL MCLEAN, VA
SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, US EPA, US DOE, Chem Manufacturers Assoc
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RESPONSE TEAM,EDISON,NJ 08837.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010
BN 0-8194-1711-4
J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS
PY 1995
VL 2365
BP 314
EP 324
DI 10.1117/12.210823
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BD39N
UT WOS:A1995BD39N00030
ER

PT S
AU FITZ, NE
AF FITZ, NE
BE Hall, FR
   Berger, PD
   Collins, HM
TI The US EPA's development of pesticide container regulations
SO PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS: FOURTEENTH VOLUME
SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems
CY OCT 12-13, 1993
CL FT WORTH, TX
SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm Pesticides
DE PESTICIDES; CONTAINERS; CONTAINMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY;
   REGULATIONS
C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS
PI W CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959
SN 1071-5827
BN 0-8031-1890-2
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 1995
VL 1234
BP 103
EP 111
DI 10.1520/STP13001S
PG 3
WC Agronomy; Engineering, Chemical; Entomology
SC Agriculture; Engineering; Entomology
GA BD74A
UT WOS:A1995BD74A00010
ER

PT J
AU MARTONEN, T
   KATZ, I
   CRESS, W
AF MARTONEN, T
   KATZ, I
   CRESS, W
TI AEROSOL DEPOSITION AS A FUNCTION OF AIRWAY DISEASE - CYSTIC-FIBROSIS
SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE AEROSOL THERAPY; INHALED DRUGS; CYSTIC FIBROSIS; TARGETED DELIVERY
ID PARTICLE DEPOSITION; PATTERNS
AB A mathematical model of aerosol deposition has been developed for drug delivery protocols and used successfully to simulate inhalation exposure tests with human subjects. Therefore, we have used the validated model to address the delivery of inhaled pharmaceuticals as a function of disease-induced changes in airway structure. Clinical data from the literature had suggested that progressive lung disease associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) could compromise the successful administration of pharmacologic drugs used in its treatment, hence it was studied. We described the lungs of patients inflicted with CF by different morphologies (representing the processes of airway obstruction, infection and inflammation) than healthy (control) subjects. Affected ventilatory parameters were also examined to demonstrate their effects upon drug disposition. Particle distributions were computed on a generation-by-generation basis. Deposition patterns were dramatically affected by CF-produced alterations in dimensions. The reduced airway caliber in CF enhanced the total dose delivered to the tracheobronchial compartment by 200-300% relative to controls. The spatial distributions of aerosols were completely different in CF patients, being selectively deposited within congested airways. In medical practice the model can be tailored to any specific airway disease. Regarding targeted delivery, the results have relevance to (1) site-specific acting pharmaceuticals in tracheobronchial airways and (2) drugs designed for systemic delivery via deposition in alveolated airways.
C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,DIV PULM DIS,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514.
   TRINITY UNIV,DEPT ENGN SCI,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78212.
RP MARTONEN, T (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MAIL DROP 74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 28
TC 35
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 2
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0724-8741
J9 PHARMACEUT RES
JI Pharm. Res.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 12
IS 1
BP 96
EP 102
DI 10.1023/A:1016294805680
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA QC521
UT WOS:A1995QC52100014
PM 7724494
ER

PT J
AU SEYMOUR, RS
   BRADFORD, DF
AF SEYMOUR, RS
   BRADFORD, DF
TI RESPIRATION OF AMPHIBIAN EGGS
SO PHYSIOLOGICAL ZOOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FROG PSEUDOPHRYNE-BIBRONI; ELEUTHERODACTYLUS-COQUI; JELLY CAPSULE;
   GAS-EXCHANGE; OXYGEN; MASSES; EMBRYOS; VENTILATION; CONSTRAINTS; WATER
AB Amphibian embryos develop within the perivitelline space, which is bounded by the vitelline membrane and jelly envelopes, collectively called the egg capsule. Diffusion of oxygen through the capsule is described by the Fick equation, Vo(2), = Go(2) Delta Po-2, in which Vo(2) is the oxygen consumption race, Go(2) is the oxygen conductance of the capsule, and Delta Po-2, is the oxygen partial pressure difference across the capsule. The oxygen conductance of the capsule increases during development in parallel to Vo(2), and Po-2 in the perivitelline space usually remains high enough to avoid limitation of Vo(2). The oxygen conductance of the capsule at the hatching stage is also matched with Vo(2) in species with small- to moderate-sized eggs, but there is evidence indicating that Go(2) limits maximal Vo(2), in larger eggs. Compared to birds and reptiles, amphibians have a low allometric exponent for the relationship between Vo(2) and egg size, and there is a jump in Vo(2) at hatching. Trends toward incubation of larger eggs for longer periods, at lower temperatures, and out of water can be traced to problems of oxygen uptake. The oxygen conductance of the capsule in large eggs becomes constrained by a conflict between requirements for respiration (a large, thin capsule) and support Ca small, thick capsule). The largest amphibian capsule that can supply sufficient oxygen contains somewhat less than I mt volume, so amphibian eggs must be small. The evolution of reptilian eggs involved functional abandonment of the capsule in favor of fibrous ''shell membranes'' in which respiratory gases could diffuse through air-filled channels Loss of the capsule removed the constraints on Go(2), Vo(2), and egg size. Respiration by an amphibian embryo in an egg mass is affected by its distance from the free environment and the oxygen uptake by other embryos in the mass. The respiratory role of jelly is to separate the eggs, which reduces the ''respiratory density'' (volume-specific Vo(2) and therefore permits a larger number of embryos to occupy the mass. Nevertheless, the size of globular gelatinous egg masses is severely limited in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Limits to egg mass size can be extended by (1) spreading the eggs out to expose them more closely to the environment, either at oviposition or during development (2) perforating the egg mass with channels in which water is convected, (3) depositing the eggs in foam, which supplies oxygen directly from the bubbles and augments the coefficient of oxygen diffusion, and (4) incorporating symbiotic algae into the mass. The vast diversity of amphibian reproductive mode offers further opportunities to investigate the evolution of embryonic respiration within the physical constraints of the jelly capsule and the incubation environment.
C1 US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193.
RP SEYMOUR, RS (reprint author), UNIV ADELAIDE,DEPT ZOOL,GPO BOX 498,ADELAIDE,SA 5005,AUSTRALIA.
RI Seymour, Roger/C-3469-2009
NR 49
TC 91
Z9 93
U1 4
U2 21
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0031-935X
J9 PHYSIOL ZOOL
JI Physiol. Zool.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1995
VL 68
IS 1
BP 1
EP 25
PG 25
WC Physiology; Zoology
SC Physiology; Zoology
GA QK319
UT WOS:A1995QK31900001
ER

PT B
AU LAUTENBERGER, C
   PEARSON, LA
AF LAUTENBERGER, C
   PEARSON, LA
GP ALASKA SEA GRANT PROGRAM
TI Development of a unified Federal/State, Coastal/Inland Oil and Hazardous
   Substance contingency plan for the state of Alaska
SO PREVENTION, RESPONSE, AND OVERSIGHT FIVE YEARS AFTER THE EXXON VALDEZ
   OIL SPILL - PROCEEDINGS OF AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Prevention, Response, and Oversight 5-Years
   After the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill
CY MAR 23-25, 1994
CL ANCHORAGE, AK
SP Univ Alaska Sea Grant Program
C1 US EPA,JOINT PIPELINE OFF,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM
PI FAIRBANKS
PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, 138 IRVING 11, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040
BN 1-56612-033-0
PY 1995
BP 329
EP 337
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BD91M
UT WOS:A1995BD91M00025
ER

PT B
AU GOIDEL, ES
   SHOAFF, J
AF GOIDEL, ES
   SHOAFF, J
GP IEEE
TI Acquisition of environmentally preferable products and services
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1995 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTRONICS AND
   THE ENVIRONMENT - ISEE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 1995 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment
   (ISEE)
CY MAY 01-03, 1995
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP IEEE, Tech Activ Board
C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU I E E E
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017
BN 0-7803-2138-3
PY 1995
BP 265
EP 266
DI 10.1109/ISEE.1995.514987
PG 2
WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering,
   Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BD59M
UT WOS:A1995BD59M00050
ER

PT B
AU Kalla, PI
   Dimmick, RW
AF Kalla, PI
   Dimmick, RW
BE Eversole, AG
TI Reliability established aging and sexing methods in ruffed grouse
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTY-NINTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE - SOUTHEASTERN
   ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 49th Annual Conference of
   Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies
CY SEP 23-27, 1995
CL NASHVILLE, TN
SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies
AB Published methods for aging and sexing ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) have not been tested on a large sample of birds from the Southeast. We evaluated several methods in a hunter-donated sample of 268 birds from eastern Tennessee. Age and sex determined by individual techniques were compared to necropsy findings. Results of aging techniques ranged from 3.3% to 39% error. Sexing error ranged from 1.3% to 24%. Results were generally not as accurate as those reported from the northern United States due largely to juveniles with adult traits and females with male traits. Use of most traditional methods may lead to underestimates of juveniles and females. The sample was classified 39% juvenile and 45% female.
C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT FORESTRY WILDLIFE & FISHERIES,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901.
RP Kalla, PI (reprint author), US EPA,WMD,WS,100 ALABAMA ST,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA)
PI BATON ROUGE
PA C/O JOE J HERRING 102 RODNEY DR, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808
PY 1995
BP 580
EP 593
PG 14
WC Fisheries; Ornithology; Zoology
SC Fisheries; Zoology
GA BJ69N
UT WOS:A1995BJ69N00064
ER

PT B
AU Makris, JL
AF Makris, JL
BE Robinson, C
   Wilson, L
TI A US perspective on chemical process safety management
SO PROCESS SAFETY AND LOSS MANAGEMENT IN CANADA: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST
   BIENNIAL CONFERENCE 1993
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 1st Biennial Canadian Conference on Process Safety and Loss Management
CY APR 22-23, 1993
CL EDMONTON, CANADA
SP Alberta Workers Compensat Board, Dow Chem Canada Inc, Environm Canada, Hlth & Welfare Canada, Imperial Oil Ltd, Ind Accident Prevent Assoc, Inst Risk Res, Major Ind Accident Council Canada, Novacor Chem Ltd, Petro Canada, Shell Canada Ltd, Syncrude Canada Ltd, Univ Alberta
C1 US EPA,CHEM EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS & PREVENT OFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INSTITUTE RISK RESEARCH
PI WATERLOO
PA UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO, WATERLOO ON N2L 3G1K, CANADA
BN 0-9696747-5-9
PY 1995
BP 105
EP 110
PG 6
WC Management
SC Business & Economics
GA BH64F
UT WOS:A1995BH64F00009
ER

PT B
AU Makris, JL
AF Makris, JL
GP ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV
TI National experience in chemical accident preparedness and prevention
SO PROMOTING CLEANER AND SAFER INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN
   EUROPE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Seminar on Auditing to Improve Safety, Environmental Performance and
   Economic Efficiency
CY OCT, 1993
CL KIEV, UKRAINE
SP Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Ctr Cooperat Econ Transit
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT
PI PARIS
PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE
BN 92-64-14589-3
PY 1995
BP 75
EP 82
PG 8
WC Environmental Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BE83R
UT WOS:A1995BE83R00011
ER

PT J
AU MARTONEN, T
   ZHANG, Z
   YANG, Y
   BOTTEI, G
AF MARTONEN, T
   ZHANG, Z
   YANG, Y
   BOTTEI, G
TI AIRWAY SURFACE IRREGULARITIES PROMOTE PARTICLE DIFFUSION IN THE HUMAN
   LUNG
SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY
LA English
DT Article
AB Current NCRP and ICRP particle deposition models employed in risk assessment analyses treat the airways of the human lung as smooth-walled tubes. However, the upper airways of the tracheobronchial (TB) tree are lined with cartilaginous rings. Recent supercomputer simulations of in vivo conditions (cited herein), where cartilaginous ring morphologies were based upon fibre-optic bronchoscope examinations, have clearly demonstrated their profound effects upon fluid dynamics. Since inhaled radionuclides of health effects concern such as radon progeny are entrained and transported by airstreams, their trajectories and deposition probabilities will be influenced by the very character (i.e. laminar or turbulent) of air motion and its local velocity profiles. A physiologically based analytical model of fluid dynamics is presented, focusing upon applications to particle diffusion within the TB tree. The new model is the first to describe particle motion while simultaneously simulating effects of wall irregularities, entrance conditions and tube curvatures. The results show that particle dose to the large bronchi may be underestimated by up to 35% if cartilaginous rings are not considered. The work has fundamental implications for modelling concepts and health effects applications. The findings indicate that caution must be exercised when extrapolating heat and/or mass transfer correlations derived from standard thermodynamic-hydrodynamic engineering problems to biological issues, and that human subject activity levels have pronounced effects on particle diffusion in the lung. For instance, the submicron particle deposition efficiency differences between a sedentary condition (i.e. office worker) and light activity (i.e. manual labourer) approach 40%. This study may explain the enhanced deposition by particle diffusion detected in replica case experiments and have salient implications for the clinically observed preferential distributions of bronchogenic carcinomas associated with inhaled radionuclides.
C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,DIV PULM MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
   UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT MECH ENGN & APPL MECH,KINGSTON,RI 02881.
RP MARTONEN, T (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 0
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 1
PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL
PI ASHFORD
PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW
SN 0144-8420
J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM
JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim.
PY 1995
VL 59
IS 1
BP 5
EP 14
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
   Imaging
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
   Medical Imaging
GA QY483
UT WOS:A1995QY48300002
ER

PT S
AU KELCE, WR
   MONOSSON, E
   GRAY, LE
AF KELCE, WR
   MONOSSON, E
   GRAY, LE
BE Bardin, CW
TI AN ENVIRONMENTAL ANTIANDROGEN
SO RECENT PROGRESS IN HORMONE RESEARCH, VOL 50: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1993
   LAURENTIAN HORMONE CONFERENCE
SE RECENT PROGRESS IN HORMONE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Note
CT 1993 Laurentian Hormone Conference
CY 1993
CL PR
SP Endocrine Soc
ID FUNGICIDE VINCLOZOLIN; HYDROLYSIS; RECEPTORS; ANDROGEN
C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,TOXICOL RES PROGRAM,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
   US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP KELCE, WR (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA.
NR 10
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0079-9963
BN 0-12-571150-6
J9 RECENT PROG HORM RES
PY 1995
VL 50
BP 449
EP 453
PG 5
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism;
   Reproductive Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism;
   Reproductive Biology
GA BD34F
UT WOS:A1995BD34F00031
PM 7740180
ER

PT S
AU GRANO, D
AF GRANO, D
BE Ozkan, US
   Agarwal, SK
   Marcelin, G
TI CLEAN-AIR ACT REQUIREMENTS - EMISSIONS OF NOX FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
SO REDUCTION OF NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSIONS
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions, at the 207th
   National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society
CY MAR 13-17, 1994
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Petr Chem Inc
AB The 1990 Clean Air Act (CAA) includes substantial new requirements to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from major stationary sources. To help attain the ozone air quality standard in the near-term, certain existing sources must install reasonably available control technology (RACT) and new sources must install controls representing the lowest achievable emission rate. To reduce acid rain, coal-fired utility boilers must meet emission limits in two phases. In a longer-term, the CAA requires States to adopt additional control measures as needed to attain the ozone standard. Many of these attainment strategies will include new NOx controls which achieve emission reductions much greater than the NOx RACT/phase I acid rain limits. The CAA NOx requirements are new and experience with NOx controls is limited. There is a clear need for the development of NOx control systems to meet near- and long-term CAA requirements
RP GRANO, D (reprint author), US EPA,OFF AIR QUAL PLANNING & STAND,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 9
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0097-6156
BN 0-8412-3150-8
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1995
VL 587
BP 14
EP 31
PG 18
WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical
SC Chemistry; Engineering
GA BD63S
UT WOS:A1995BD63S00002
ER

PT B
AU SOLOMON, BD
AF SOLOMON, BD
BE Andrews, CJ
TI COMMENT ON THE NEW ENGLAND CASE
SO REGULATING REGIONAL POWER SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Electricity and Federalism - Regulating Regional Power
   Systems
CY 1993
CL PRINCETON UNIV, WOODROW WILSON SCH PUBLIC & INT AFFAIRS, PRINCETON, NJ
HO PRINCETON UNIV, WOODROW WILSON SCH PUBLIC & INT AFFAIRS
C1 US EPA,DIV ACIR RAIN,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU QUORUM BOOKS
PI WESTPORT
PA 88 POST ROAD WEST, WESTPORT, CT 06881
BN 0-89930-943-7
PY 1995
BP 233
EP 236
PG 4
WC Environmental Studies; Public Administration
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration
GA BC91W
UT WOS:A1995BC91W00016
ER

PT J
AU MOORE, JA
   DASTON, GP
   FAUSTMAN, E
   GOLUB, MS
   HART, WL
   HUGHES, C
   KIMMEL, CA
   LAMB, JC
   SCHWETZ, BA
   SCIALLI, AR
AF MOORE, JA
   DASTON, GP
   FAUSTMAN, E
   GOLUB, MS
   HART, WL
   HUGHES, C
   KIMMEL, CA
   LAMB, JC
   SCHWETZ, BA
   SCIALLI, AR
TI AN EVALUATIVE PROCESS FOR ASSESSING HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL
   TOXICITY OF AGENTS
SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INVIVO TERATOLOGY SCREEN; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; RHESUS-MONKEYS; PREGNANT
   RATS; CELL-CULTURES; FEMALE RATS; INVITRO; VALIDATION; EMBRYOTOXICITY;
   ASSOCIATION
C1 PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,MIAMI VALLEY LABS,CINCINNATI,OH.
   CALIF ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY,OFF ENVIRONM HLTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT,SACRAMENTO,CA.
   EASTMAN KODAK CO,ROCHESTER,NY.
   DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DURHAM,NC.
   US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
   JELLINEK SCHWARTZ & CONNOLLY INC,ARLINGTON,VA.
   NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079.
   GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20007.
   UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
RP MOORE, JA (reprint author), INST EVALUATING HLTH RISKS,1101 VERMONT AVE NW,SUITE 608,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA.
NR 88
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0890-6238
J9 REPROD TOXICOL
JI Reprod. Toxicol.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 1
BP 61
EP 95
DI 10.1016/0890-6238(94)00057-4
PG 35
WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology
SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology
GA QJ007
UT WOS:A1995QJ00700008
PM 8520133
ER

PT B
AU Zepp, RG
   Sonntag, C
AF Zepp, RG
   Sonntag, C
BE Zepp, RG
   Sonntag, C
TI Introduction
SO ROLE OF NONLIVING ORGANIC MATTER IN THE EARTH'S CARBON CYCLE
SE DAHLEM WORKSHOP REPORTS : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES RESEARCH REPORT
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Dahlem Workshop on the Role of Nonliving Organic Matter in the Earths
   Carbon Cycle
CY SEP 12-17, 1993
CL BERLIN, GERMANY
SP Stifterverband Deut Wissensch, Deut Forschungsgemeinsch
RP Zepp, RG (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,960 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA BAFFINS LANE, CHICHESTER, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
BN 0-471-95463-2
J9 DAHL WS ENV
PY 1995
VL 16
BP 1
EP 5
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BG76A
UT WOS:A1995BG76A00001
ER

PT B
AU Weitman, D
AF Weitman, D
BE Ross, CC
TI Federal water quality policy and animal agriculture
SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING
   WASTES (ISAFPW95)
SE ASAE PUBLICATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Symposium on Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes
   (ISAFPW95)
CY JUN 18-20, 1995
CL CHICAGO, IL
SP Soc Engn Agr Food & Biol Syst, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Dairy Sci Assoc, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Anim Sci, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Anim Sci, Inst Food Technologists, Int Assoc Milk Food & Environm Sanitarians Inc, Natl Broiler Council, Natl Food Processors Assoc, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Tennessee Valley Authority, USDA, ARS, USDA, CSRS, USDA Extens Serv, USDA, SCS, Water Environm Federat
C1 US EPA,OFF WATER,NONPOINT SOURCE CONTROL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS
PI ST JOSEPH
PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659
BN 0-929355-66-0
J9 ASAE PUBL
PY 1995
VL 95
IS 7
BP 1
EP 5
PG 5
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Engineering,
   Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences
SC Agriculture; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BE86K
UT WOS:A1995BE86K00001
ER

PT B
AU OGG, C
AF OGG, C
BE Robert, PC
   Rust, RH
   Larson, WE
TI Roles for site-specific research in US Pollution prevention initiatives
SO SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND
   INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Conference on Site-Specific Management for
   Agricultural Systems
CY MAR 27-30, 1994
CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN
SP Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Sci, Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr Engn, Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer & Soil Sci Soc Amer, Amer Soc Agr Engineers
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711
BN 0-89118-127-X
PY 1995
BP 769
EP 776
PG 8
WC Agronomy; Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA BD94G
UT WOS:A1995BD94G00056
ER

PT S
AU WEST, CC
AF WEST, CC
BE Sabatini, DA
   Knox, RC
   Harwell, JH
TI SURFACTANT-ENHANCED REMEDIATION OF SUBSURFACE CONTAMINATION - REVIEW OF
   EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND PANEL RECOMMENDATIONS
SO SURFACTANT-ENHANCED SUBSURFACE REMEDIATION: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Surfactant-Enhanced Subsurface Remediation - Emerging
   Technologies, at the 207th National Meeting of the
   American-Chemical-Society
CY MAR 13-17, 1994
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem Inc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Colloid & Surface Chem
RP WEST, CC (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0097-6156
BN 0-8412-3225-3
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1995
VL 594
BP 280
EP 285
PG 6
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
   Forestry
GA BD63V
UT WOS:A1995BD63V00020
ER

PT J
AU EBRONMCCOY, MT
   NICHOLS, HP
   ANDREWS, JE
   KAVLOCK, RJ
AF EBRONMCCOY, MT
   NICHOLS, HP
   ANDREWS, JE
   KAVLOCK, RJ
TI PROFILE OF PROCARBAZINE-INDUCED EMBRYOTOXICITY IN AN EMBRYO HEPATOCYTE
   COCULTURE SYSTEM AND AFTER IN-UTERO GLUTATHIONE DEPLETION
SO TERATOGENESIS CARCINOGENESIS AND MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE TERATOGENICITY; BIOACTIVATION; WHOLE EMBRYO CULTURE; FREE RADICALS;
   CYTOCHROME P-450; DYSMORPHOGENESIS
ID RAT-LIVER MICROSOMES; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; HYDROCHLORIDE PROCARBAZINE;
   INVITRO; MICE
AB Procarbazine (PCZ) is an antineoplastic agent useful in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease, brain tumors, and chronic leukemia. PCZ is dysmorphogenic to developing embryos exposed in vivo or cultured in the serum of PCZ-treated rats. However, embryos directly cultured with PCZ (up to 400 mu g/ml) or PCZ plus S-9 liver fractions are unaffected. Since intact Liver cells provide several advantages over hepatic subcellular fractions for in vitro bioactivation, we exposed rat embryos to PCZ in an embryo/hepatocyte co-culture system. Gestation day (GD) 9.5 rat embryos exposed to 0, 200, 300, or 400 mu g PCZ/ml in the presence of untreated or phenobarbital induced male rat hepatocytes failed to display toxicity. However, in a companion study GD 9.5 rat embryos cultured in the serum from PCZ-treated rats exhibited developmental deficiencies. Studies have shown that the formation of toxic metabolites can result from glutathione (GSH) conjugation of toxicants in the liver. Therefore, in a second set of experiments, rat embryos were cultured in serum from rats pretreated with two GSH depleters (phorone and buthionine sulfoximine) and subsequently dosed with PCZ. Effects on development were enhanced when embryos were cultured in the serum from PCZ-treated/GSH depleted rats. These data indicate that PCZ requires in vivo activation to be dysmorphogenic and further suggest that the metabolite(s) responsible for procarbazine embryotoxicity are formed readily under conditions of low GSH levels. This argues against a glutathione conjugate as the ultimate toxicant. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.*
C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RP EBRONMCCOY, MT (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,PTB,MD-67,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 26
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0270-3211
J9 TERATOGEN CARCIN MUT
JI Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen.
PY 1995
VL 15
IS 1
BP 33
EP 42
DI 10.1002/tcm.1770150105
PG 10
WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA QV406
UT WOS:A1995QV40600004
PM 7604390
ER

PT J
AU Vettorazzi, G
   Almeida, WF
   Burin, GJ
   Jaeger, RB
   Puga, FR
   Rahde, AF
   Reyes, FG
   Schvartsman, S
AF Vettorazzi, G
   Almeida, WF
   Burin, GJ
   Jaeger, RB
   Puga, FR
   Rahde, AF
   Reyes, FG
   Schvartsman, S
TI International safety assessment of pesticides: Dithiocarbamate
   pesticides, ETU, and PTU - A review and update
SO TERATOGENESIS CARCINOGENESIS AND MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE dithiocarbamates; EBDC; ETU; PTU; JMPR; CODEX ALIMENTARIUS; ferbam;
   mancozeb; maneb; metiram; nabam; propineb; thiram; zineb; ziram
AB For the last 30 years the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) has carried out toxicological evaluations and safety assessments of dithiocarbamate pesticides, continuously adjusting previous appraisals in the light of new data and advances in the understanding of the principles and mechanisms of toxic action of these compounds. The historical narrative of the evaluative process is followed by an account of the present international safety assessment status of the dithiocarbamate pesticides so far examined by the JMPR. They are ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, nabam, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram, and the associated substances, ethylenethiourea (ETU) and propylenethiourea (PTU). (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 ECOTOX,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL.
   US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
   INST BIOL,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL.
   POISON CONTROL CTR,PORTO ALEGRE,RS,BRAZIL.
   UNIV SAO PAULO,BR-05508 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL.
   UNIV CAMPINAS,CAMPINAS,SP,BRAZIL.
RP Vettorazzi, G (reprint author), INT TOXICOL INFORMAT CTR,SAN SEBASTIAN,SPAIN.
RI Reyes, Felix/E-2591-2012
OI Reyes, Felix/0000-0003-0126-3817
NR 78
TC 52
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 14
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0270-3211
J9 TERATOGEN CARCIN MUT
JI Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen.
PY 1995
VL 15
IS 6
BP 313
EP 337
DI 10.1002/tcm.1770150608
PG 25
WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA UH259
UT WOS:A1995UH25900007
PM 8732882
ER

PT J
AU ZUCKER, RM
   ELSTEIN, KH
   SHUEY, DL
   ROGERS, JM
AF ZUCKER, RM
   ELSTEIN, KH
   SHUEY, DL
   ROGERS, JM
TI FLOW CYTOMETRIC DETECTION OF ABNORMAL FETAL ERYTHROPOIESIS - APPLICATION
   TO 5-FLUOROURACIL-INDUCED ANEMIA
SO TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; RETICULOCYTE MATURITY INDEX; THIAZOLE ORANGE;
   PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY; MARROW; QUANTIFICATION;
   ERYTHROCYTES; UTILITY; TISSUE
AB We sought to determine whether flow cytometric analysis of circulating fetal blood cells could be used to rapidly detect perturbations of fetal erythropoiesis. In addition, we wanted to determine whether this approach would allow sample collection by exsanguination instead of fetal cardiac puncture, a difficult technique used to prevent contamination of samples with maternal erythrocytes. To monitor fetal erythropoiesis from gestational day (GD) 14-20, we analyzed the cell size, RNA content, and percentage of circulating liver-derived reticulocytes relative to yolk-sac-derived erythroblasts. As a model toxicant, we chose 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), since we previously observed that maternal administration at 20-40 mg/kg on gestational day (GD) 14 produced fetal anemia on GD 16-17, as evidenced by dose-dependent decreases in the cell counts, hematocrit, and hemoglobin content of fetal blood obtained by cardiac puncture. We report herein that 48 hr after maternal 5-FU administration, both cardiac and peripheral blood samples exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in the relative percentage of reticulocytes, indicating a reduced rate of reticulocyte release from the fetal liver. Moreover, at 30 and 40 mg/kg, reticulocytes exhibited increased size and reduced RNA content on GD 16, but elevated RNA content (indicative of premature release) by GD 18. These data suggest that 5-FU inhibits both erythroid cell proliferation and RNA synthesis reversibly, resulting in an anemia that triggers compensatory release of immature reticulocytes. Thus, by using flow cytometry to analyze fetal blood, we were able to detect and characterize 5-FU-induced perturbations of fetal erythropoiesis. In so doing, flow cytometry afforded the advantages of rapid determination of individual cell type, size, and RNA content, and the ability to exclude contaminating maternal erythrocytes from analysis, thereby eliminating the need to acquire samples through the time-consuming technique of fetal cardiac puncture. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
RP ZUCKER, RM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 39
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0040-3709
J9 TERATOLOGY
JI Teratology
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 51
IS 1
BP 37
EP 44
DI 10.1002/tera.1420510106
PG 8
WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
GA QQ245
UT WOS:A1995QQ24500005
PM 7541166
ER

PT J
AU KODAVANTI, PRS
   WARD, TR
   MCKINNEY, JD
   TILSON, HA
AF KODAVANTI, PRS
   WARD, TR
   MCKINNEY, JD
   TILSON, HA
TI INCREASED [H-3] PHORBOL ESTER BINDING IN RAT CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS BY
   POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL MIXTURES AND CONGENERS -
   STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS
SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; PRIMARY CULTURES; AMINO-ACIDS; EXPOSURE; NEURONS;
   DOPAMINE; BRAIN; HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL; NEUROTOXICITY; TRANSLOCATION
AB Our previous reports indicate that polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in vitro perturbed cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and protein kinase C (PKC) translocation. We have now studied the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of 3 PCB mixtures, 24 PCB congeners, and 1 dibenzofuran for their effects on PKC translocation by measuring [H-3]phorbol ester ([H-3]PDBu) binding in cerebellar granule cells (7 days in culture). All the PCB mixtures studied increased [H-3]PDBu binding significantly and in a concentration-dependent manner. However, Aroclor 1016 and Aroclor 1254 were more potent than Aroclor 1260. Of the 24 congeners studied, di-ortho congeners such as 2,2',5,5'tetrachlorobiphenyl (-TeCB), 2,2',4,6,6'-pentachlorobiphenyl (-PeCB), 2,2',4,6-TeCB, and 2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl (-DCB) were the most potent (E50 = 28-43 mu M) while non-ortho congeners such as 3,3',4,4'-TeCB and 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB were not effective. The potential contaminant of PCB mixtures, 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran had no significant effect on [3H]PDBu binding. The SAR among these congeners revealed: (i) congeners with ortho-chlorine substitution such as 2,2'-DCB (E50 = 43 +/- 3 mu M) Or ortho-lateral (meta, para) chlorine substitution such as 2,2',5,5'-TeCB (E50 = 28 +/- 3 mu M) and 2,2',4,6-TeCB (E50 = 41 +/- 6 mu M) were most potent; (ii) congeners with only para-substitution such as 4,4'-DCB or high lateral content in the absence of ortho-substitution such as 3,3',4,4',5,5'-HCB were not effective; and (iii) increased chlorination was not clearly related to the effectiveness of these congeners, although hexa- and heptachlorination was less effective than di- and tetrachlorination. Low lateral substitution, especially without para-substitution, or lateral content in the presence of ortho-substitution, may be the most important structural requirement for the in vitro activity of these PCB congeners in neuronal preparations. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP KODAVANTI, PRS (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 46
TC 86
Z9 87
U1 1
U2 3
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0041-008X
J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM
JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 130
IS 1
BP 140
EP 148
DI 10.1006/taap.1995.1018
PG 9
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA QC928
UT WOS:A1995QC92800018
PM 7839361
ER

PT J
AU CUMMINGS, AM
   METCALF, JL
AF CUMMINGS, AM
   METCALF, JL
TI METHOXYCHLOR REGULATES RAT UTERINE ESTROGEN-INDUCED PROTEIN
SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FEMALE RATS; UTERUS; PROGESTERONE; INDUCTION; RECEPTOR; INVITRO; RNA
AB Methoxychlor (MXC), a proestrogenic pesticide, has adverse effects on fertility and uterine function in rodents. MXC is converted to an estrogenic substance, 2,2-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)1,1,1 -trichloroethane (HPTE), which binds to the estrogen receptor. We examined the similarities in mechanism between MXC (500 mg/kg) and estrogen (10 mu g/rat) actions using the estrogen-induced protein, IF, also known as creatine kinase. Immature, female rats were treated with MXC or estradiol (E(2)). Concurrent treatment included actinomycin D (100 mu g), cycloheximide (100 mu g), or progesterone (0.5 mg). Uterine proteins were labeled in vitro with H-3 for treated rats and with C-14 for controls. The uteri were combined, cytosol was isolated, nondenaturing (ND) gels were run, and dpm/gel slice were plotted. In a follow-up study, labeled cytosols from MXC- and E(2) treated rats were immunoprecipitated with a monoclonal antibody to creatine kinase. The immunoprecipitate was run on SDS gels. The data show that both MXC and E(2) treatments result in ND gels with peaks in (a) induced protein and (b) the H-3/C-14 ratio, in the same position. The induction of IP by MXC is time- and dose-dependent. Concurrent treatment with MXC plus actinomycin D or cycloheximide blocked IP synthesis, a result parallel to E(2) action signifying the necessity of RNA and protein synthesis for IP induction. Progesterone did not block either MXC or E(2) induction of IP synthesis. Immunoprecipitation of creatine kinase revealed a single peak at a molecular weight of similar to 49,000. SDS gels of cytosol after MXC or E(2) treatment also yielded protein and ratio peaks at molecular weights of similar to 49,000. This estimate is near the published estimated molecular weight of creatine kinase of 46,000. We conclude that MXC action parallels that of estradiol on the induction and regulation of the estrogen-induced protein in immature rat uterus. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RP CUMMINGS, AM (reprint author), US EPA,HERL,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 20
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0041-008X
J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM
JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
PD JAN
PY 1995
VL 130
IS 1
BP 154
EP 160
DI 10.1006/taap.1995.1020
PG 7
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA QC928
UT WOS:A1995QC92800020
PM 7839363
ER

PT J
AU PADILLA, S
   WILSON, VZ
   NOSTRANDT, AC
AF PADILLA, S
   WILSON, VZ
   NOSTRANDT, AC
TI A NOVEL METHOD THAT MARKEDLY INCREASES THE SENSITIVITY OF THE
   ERYTHROCYTE ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ASSAY, SUITABLE FOR USE IN
   PESTICIDE-TREATED RATS
SO TOXICOLOGY METHODS
LA English
DT Article
DE ERYTHROCYTE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; CARBAMATE
ID PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL; CHOLINESTERASE
AB Although the specific activity of rat erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity is reasonably high, use of the standard spectrophotometric assay presents special problems due primarily to the interference of hemoglobin with the absorbance spectrum of the assay product, 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid. To limit the hemoglobin interference, the erythrocyte sample is diluted at least 20- to 25-fold before assay, but this dilution decreases the level of measured activity. We have sought to increase the sensitivity of the rat erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase assay by employing a standard technique to release [using phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC)] the acetylcholinesterase molecules from the erythrocyte surface without lysis of the erythrocytes. The present group of studies determined if the inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase activity that had been stripped off the erythrocytes taken from pesticide-treated rats reflected the acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the unstripped erythrocytes of the same animals. In rats treated with graded dosages of an organophosphate (fenthion, paraoxon, or chlorpyrifos) or a carbamate (carbaryl), the acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the released fraction mimicked the inhibition in the conventional erythrocyte sample. In control animals, use of this released fraction increased the sensitivity of the erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase assay by at least 10-fold. In conclusion, utilizing PIPLC to release (i.e., strip) and separate the erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity from the interfering hemoglobin may be a convenient method for markedly raising the sensitivity of the rat erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase assay and predicts erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase inhibition in animals treated with cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides.
C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC.
RP PADILLA, S (reprint author), US EPA,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS
PI BRISTOL
PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598
SN 1051-7235
J9 TOXICOL METHOD
JI Toxicol. Method.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1995
VL 5
IS 1
BP 41
EP 49
DI 10.3109/15376519509066116
PG 9
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA RV053
UT WOS:A1995RV05300005
ER

PT J
AU WILLIAMS, JD
   DOBROWOLSKI, JP
   WEST, NE
   GILLETTE, DA
AF WILLIAMS, JD
   DOBROWOLSKI, JP
   WEST, NE
   GILLETTE, DA
TI MICROPHYTIC CRUST INFLUENCE ON WIND EROSION
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE
LA English
DT Article
DE WIND EROSION; SOIL STABILITY; MICROPHYTIC CRUSTS; CRYPTOBIOTIC CRUSTS;
   MICROBIOTIC CRUSTS; ARIDLAND PROCESSES
ID DUNE BLOWOUTS; ALGAE; STABILIZATION; VEGETATION; PIOSPHERE; SHEEP;
   SOILS; TIME; PARK; UTAH
AB Wind is a persistent force in arid and semiarid lands. Microphytic crusts have been attributed with the ability to reduce wind erosion because of soil binding qualities. The purpose of this research was to determine if microphytic crusts contribute to soil stability in an arid land setting. Threshold friction velocity is the wind speed necessary for the initiation of soil erosion and, thus, is a measure of soil surface stability. A portable wind tunnel was used to determine threshold friction velocity on soil surfaces consisting of microphytic crusts living and undisturbed (control), chemically killed microphytic crusts but otherwise undisturbed (chemically killed), and microphytic crusts mechanically removed from the soil surface (scalped) to approximate conditions of absence. Significantly lower threshold friction velocities were measured within the scalped treatment than in the control or chemically killed treatments. Threshold friction velocities were not significantly different among control and chemically killed treatments. Significantly more wind-eroded material, entrained in the airstream and trapped by an inline filter, was obtained from the scalped treatment than from chemically killed or control treatments. Additionally, wind erosion occurred at significantly lower wind speeds in the scalped treatment. Microphytic crusts helped contribute to soil stability by binding soil particles, mainly by linked strands of cyanobacteria. Additional designed experiments are warranted to determine how the stabilizing influence of microphytic crusts are affected by type, degree, frequency, and season of disturbance and to answer pragmatic questions of concern to managers, such as determining acceptable levels of crust disruption and the wind speeds associated with erosion.
C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP WILLIAMS, JD (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA.
NR 47
TC 74
Z9 81
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS
PI ST JOSEPH
PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659
SN 0001-2351
J9 T ASAE
JI Trans. ASAE
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1995
VL 38
IS 1
BP 131
EP 137
PG 7
WC Agricultural Engineering
SC Agriculture
GA QT162
UT WOS:A1995QT16200018
ER

PT S
AU RENARD, EP
   CLAYTON, JR
   INLOW, M
   HOM, W
   LEE, SE
AF RENARD, EP
   CLAYTON, JR
   INLOW, M
   HOM, W
   LEE, SE
BE Lane, P
TI Statistical evaluations of results of testing methods to evaluate
   performance of chemical dispersants for oil spills
SO USE OF CHEMICALS IN OIL SPILL RESPONSE
SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on the Use of Chemicals in Oil Spill Response
CY OCT 10-11, 1994
CL VICTORIA, CANADA
SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm Hazardous Subst & Oil Spill Response
DE DISPERSANTS; CRUDE OIL; PRECISION; DISPERSION PERFORMANCE; TEST METHODS
C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,RELEASES CONTROL BRANCH MS104,EDISON,NJ 08837.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS
PI W CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959
SN 1071-5827
BN 0-8031-1999-2
J9 AM SOC TEST MATER
PY 1995
VL 1252
BP 55
EP 91
DI 10.1520/STP15388S
PG 3
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental
   Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BD78Z
UT WOS:A1995BD78Z00003
ER

PT J
AU CHEN, CT
   GRAHAM, JL
   DELLINGER, B
AF CHEN, CT
   GRAHAM, JL
   DELLINGER, B
TI PHOTOTHERMAL DESTRUCTION OF THE VAPOR OF ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS
SO WASTE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
AB The results of thermal and photothermal destruction of the vapors of organic compounds were compared by conducting tests in a photothermal detoxification unit. A xenon are lamp was used as the irradiation source. The tests were conducted on trichlorethylene (TCE), 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB), and a mixture of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and m-xylene (BTEX). These materials represent various types of common pollutants at contaminated sites. The results showed that both TCE and DCB can be destroyed photothermally at much lower temperatures than in a pure thermal process. The photothermal effect of xenon are radiation on BTEX was also clearly shown for all components except benzene; the effect was not as great as that on the chlorinated compounds, Carbon tetrachloride from TCE was the only significant product of incomplete conversion observed in all experiments. The absorption spectra of these six compounds were taken at various temperatures using a custom-built high-temperature absorption spectrophotometer. The absorption strength, rate of photon absorption, and photothermal quantum yields of these six compounds all increased with temperature. The predicted radiant intensities of the mercury are lamp and the predicted temperatures of the reactor for the complete mineralization of TCE, DCB and toluene were estimated using a mathematical model. The results showed that a mercury are lamp with relatively low radiant intensity is capable of destroying 99%, of various categories of organic pollutants at moderate temperatures. This makes the process ideal for non-combustion on-site destruction of the off-gas from remediation technologies such as soil vapor extraction, thermal desorption and air stripping.
C1 UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469.
RP CHEN, CT (reprint author), US EPA,RELEASES CONTROL BRANCH,BLDG 10 MS-104,2890 WOODBRIDGE AVE,EDISON,NJ 08837, USA.
NR 14
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0956-053X
J9 WASTE MANAGE
JI Waste Manage.
PY 1995
VL 15
IS 2
BP 159
EP 170
DI 10.1016/0956-053X(95)00012-O
PG 12
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA RW619
UT WOS:A1995RW61900006
ER

PT J
AU FLORA, JRV
   SUIDAN, MT
   BISWAS, P
   SAYLES, GD
AF FLORA, JRV
   SUIDAN, MT
   BISWAS, P
   SAYLES, GD
TI MODELING ALGAL BIOFILMS - ROLE OF CARBON, LIGHT, CELL-SURFACE CHARGE,
   AND IONIC SPECIES
SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE ALGAE; BIOFILM; CARBON; IONIC SPECIES; LIGHT; MODEL; PH; SURFACE CHARGE
ID LIMITED GROWTH; PH
AB Models of carbon-limited algal biofilms have shown that the pH can increase significantly within the biofilm, and consequently, although the total inorganic carbon is not entirely depleted within the film, the amount of CO2 available for substrate use is reduced.  The presence of a buffer offsets this pH limitation and increases the flux of inorganic carbon into the film.  A rigorous model is developed to investigate the role of a phosphate buffer, multiple background ions, and cell surface charge density on the flux of inorganic carbon into algal biofilms.  The effects of the presence of a concentration boundary layer (CBL), light limitations, and activity corrections are included in the analysis.  Results of the model establish that the phosphate buffer, the presence of a CBL, and light limitations have a significant impact on the predicted flux of inorganic carbon into algal biofilms, whereas the effects of background ions, activity corrections, and algal surface charges can be neglected.
C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,741 BALDWIN HALL,ML 71,CINCINNATI,OH 45221.
   US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
NR 19
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 11
PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994
SN 1061-4303
J9 WATER ENVIRON RES
JI Water Environ. Res.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1995
VL 67
IS 1
BP 87
EP 94
DI 10.2175/106143095X131222
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water
   Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater
   Biology; Water Resources
GA QE285
UT WOS:A1995QE28500010
ER

PT B
AU Parker, RD
   Nelson, HP
   Jones, RD
AF Parker, RD
   Nelson, HP
   Jones, RD
BE Heatwole, C
TI GENEEC: A screening model for pesticide environmental exposure
   assessment
SO WATER QUALITY MODELING - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM
SE ASAE PUBLICATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Water Quality Modeling
CY APR 02-05, 1995
CL ORLANDO, FL
SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Soc Engn Agri Food & Biol Syst, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, Soil Sci Soc Amer, USDA, ARS, USDA, CSRS, USDA, SCS
DE GENEEC; computer model; pesticide; exposure
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM FATE & EFFECTS DIV,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS
PI ST JOSEPH
PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659
BN 0-929355-64-4
J9 ASAE PUBL
PY 1995
VL 95
IS 5
BP 485
EP 490
PG 6
WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
   Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences &
   Ecology; Water Resources
GA BF39P
UT WOS:A1995BF39P00051
ER

PT B
AU Plis, YM
AF Plis, YM
BE Espey, WH
   Combs, PG
TI Toxicant impacts on plankton: An approach to modeling
SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering
CY AUG 14-18, 1995
CL SAN ANTONIO, TX
SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss
C1 US EPA,NATL ACAD SCI,NATL RES COUNCIL,ATHENS,GA 30605.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
BN 0-7844-0108-X
PY 1995
BP 461
EP 465
PG 5
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA BE48Z
UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00093
ER

PT B
AU Plis, YM
AF Plis, YM
BE Espey, WH
   Combs, PG
TI 3D flow model of unstratified water body
SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering
CY AUG 14-18, 1995
CL SAN ANTONIO, TX
SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss
C1 US EPA,NATL ACAD SCI,NATL RES COUNCIL,ATHENS,GA 30605.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
BN 0-7844-0108-X
PY 1995
BP 1293
EP 1297
PG 5
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA BE48Z
UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00259
ER

PT J
AU STADTERMAN, KL
   SNINSKY, AM
   SYKORA, JL
   JAKUBOWSKI, W
AF STADTERMAN, KL
   SNINSKY, AM
   SYKORA, JL
   JAKUBOWSKI, W
TI REMOVAL AND INACTIVATION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS BY ACTIVATED-SLUDGE
   TREATMENT AND ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION
SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Health-Related Water Microbiology, at Water
   Quality International 17th Biennial Conference of the
   International-Association-on-Water-Quality
CY JUL 24-30, 1994
CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY
SP Int Assoc Water Qual
DE CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT
ID INVITRO EXCYSTATION; PARVUM; VIABILITY
AB To determine the fate of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts during wastewater treatment, a model of an activated sludge treatment plant was designed with a flow of 17 ml/min and a detention time of 6 hours. Samples of raw sewage were seeded with oocysts and primary and secondary effluents were analyzed for C. parvum using an immunofluorescent technique. To compare removal efficiencies of oocysts by various wastewater treatment processes, raw sewage, activated sludge, trickling filter and biodisc effluents were seeded with oocysts and settled for 2 hr and for the respective Sludge produced by a wastewater treatment plant and anaerobically digested at 37 degrees C in a laboratory digester was also seeded with C. parvum oocysts. Oocyst inactivation was measured by excystation and direct counts. Removal of oocysts In primary and secondary sedimentation averaged 83.4% and 90.7% The total oocyst removal in sewage treatment In comparison with other treatment processes, activated sludge had the maximum oocyst removal efficiency at 92%, The anaerobic digestion process inactivated 90% of the oocysts within four hours of exposure. 99.9% of the oocysts were eliminated by anaerobic digestion after 24 hours. This demonstrates that the activated sludge process and anaerobic digestion can be effective for the removal and inactivation of C. parvum oocysts.
C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,GRAD SCH PUBL HLTH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15238.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
RP STADTERMAN, KL (reprint author), ALLEGHENY CTY SANITARY AUTHOR,3300 PREBLE AVE,PITTSBURGH,PA 15233, USA.
NR 8
TC 15
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0273-1223
J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL
JI Water Sci. Technol.
PY 1995
VL 31
IS 5-6
BP 97
EP 104
DI 10.1016/0273-1223(95)00248-L
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA RF873
UT WOS:A1995RF87300019
ER

PT J
AU SURAMPALLI, RY
   BANERJI, SK
   PYCHA, CJ
   LOPEZ, ER
AF SURAMPALLI, RY
   BANERJI, SK
   PYCHA, CJ
   LOPEZ, ER
TI PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL IN PONDS
SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd IAWQ International Specialist Conference on Waste Stabilization
   Ponds and the Reuse of Pond Effluents
CY DEC   03, 1993
CL OAKLAND, CA
SP Int Assoc Water Qual, Univ Calif Berkeley
DE PHOSPHORUS; CHEMICALS; LAGOONS; FACILITIES; EFFLUENT
ID NUTRIENT REMOVAL
AB The municipal lagoon treatment systems which remove phosphorus by chemical addition are the subject of this special study. The objectives of this study were to determine the degree of success of lagoon treatment systems in removing phosphorus and to identify any operational problems. fn order to obtain basic data for this study, thirty-two lagoon treatment systems in Michigan and Minnesota were investigated. Chemicals typically used for phosphorus removal include metal salts such as aluminium sulfate (alum), ferrous and ferric chloride, lime, and various polymers. The overall experience with these lagoon systems is that the technology, in its various configurations, has been working very well. Of the thirty-two lagoon treatment facilities reviewed, only two facilities were having problems meeting consistently the effluent phosphorus limits. Generally, the permitted effluent phosphorus limit is 1 mg/l. The influent phosphorus concentrations varied between 0.5 and 15 mg/l. Alum and ferric chloride applications produced consistently high quality effluents while Lime applications were not as effective in removing phosphorus. None of these lagoon treatment systems experienced problems with build-up of sludges to levels which affected the effluent concentrations. Accumulated amounts were an inch or less per year, consistent with solids build-up in the primary lagoon cells.
C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211.
   US EPA,CHICAGO,IL 60604.
RP SURAMPALLI, RY (reprint author), US EPA,KANSAS CITY,KS 66101, USA.
NR 9
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0273-1223
J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL
JI Water Sci. Technol.
PY 1995
VL 31
IS 12
BP 331
EP 339
DI 10.1016/0273-1223(95)98380-F
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA TG769
UT WOS:A1995TG76900036
ER

PT J
AU JI, WC
   HILALY, A
   SIKDAR, SK
   HWANG, ST
AF JI, WC
   HILALY, A
   SIKDAR, SK
   HWANG, ST
TI OPTIMIZATION OF MULTICOMPONENT PERVAPORATION FOR REMOVAL OF VOLATILE,
   ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS FROM WATER
SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE OPTIMIZATION; PERVAPORATION; DESIGN; MODULES; ECONOMICS; WATER
   TREATMENT; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ID RESISTANCE; SEPARATION
AB Optimal operation of a hollow fiber membrane module for pervaporative removal of multicomponent volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from wastewater was studied. A shell-and-tube heat-exchanger type of hollow fiber module was considered for treatment of a wastewater containing toluene, trichloroethane (TCE) and methylene chloride. Three kinds of membranes, i.e., poly( dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), polyether-block-polyamides (PEBA) and polyurethane (PUR) membranes, were studied. A mathematical model of the module was developed. The flux equations of the model were derived using mass transfer coefficient as described in our previous study. A cost model of the system was used to study the effect of different process and design variables on annual treatment cost. The effects of multicomponent feed mixtures, liquid boundary layer mass transfer resistance, and downstream pressure on the module performance and process economics were studied. A multidimensional optimization technique was used to determine the operation conditions for minimum cost. The sensitivity of the operation cost with respect to different process variables was also studied. The annual treatment cost was found to be relatively insensitive to the downstream pressure in the low pressure range (for example, 0-2000 Pa for toluene removal, 0-3000 Pa for TCE removal and 0-1500 Pa for methylene chloride removal). The optimal downstream pressure increased with the increase of Henry's law constant of the compounds. The capital cost was found to be dominant in the total treatment cost at laminar flow regime, while the operating cost is dominant cost at turbulent flow regime.
C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221.
   US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV WATER & HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
NR 20
TC 39
Z9 40
U1 1
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0376-7388
J9 J MEMBRANE SCI
JI J. Membr. Sci.
PD DEC 27
PY 1994
VL 97
BP 109
EP 125
DI 10.1016/0376-7388(94)00153-P
PG 17
WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science
SC Engineering; Polymer Science
GA QC345
UT WOS:A1994QC34500011
ER

PT J
AU KOVALEV, VA
   MCELROY, JL
AF KOVALEV, VA
   MCELROY, JL
TI DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDAR MEASUREMENT OF VERTICAL OZONE PROFILES IN
   THE TROPOSPHERE THAT CONTAINS AEROSOL LAYERS WITH STRONG BACKSCATTERING
   GRADIENTS - A SIMPLIFIED VERSION
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID EXTINCTION PROFILES; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; OZONE
AB A technique for determining approximate ozone-concentration profiles from differential absorption lidar (DIAL) data obtained in the troposphere with large gradients of aerosol backscattering is presented. The atmospheric interferences are defined as errors of the off-on DIAL signal ratio; the interferences are separated and removed before the ratio is differentiated. To facilitate the separation of the regular (subjected to differentiation) component of the signal ratio from random noise, the ratio is transformed into an intermediate function, and the measurement error is minimized by fitting of an analytical function to the transformed function. Simple criteria are used to demarcate atmospheric layering, for which a strong aerosol-backscattering gradient can result in an unacceptably large error in the measured ozone concentration.
RP KOVALEV, VA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA.
NR 21
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 1
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0003-6935
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD DEC 20
PY 1994
VL 33
IS 36
BP 8393
EP 8401
PG 9
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA QC055
UT WOS:A1994QC05500014
PM 20963074
ER

PT J
AU GRANGE, AH
   DONNELLY, JR
   BRUMLEY, WC
   BILLETS, S
   SOVOCOOL, GW
AF GRANGE, AH
   DONNELLY, JR
   BRUMLEY, WC
   BILLETS, S
   SOVOCOOL, GW
TI MASS MEASUREMENTS BY AN ACCURATE AND SENSITIVE SELECTED-ION RECORDING
   TECHNIQUE
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID CAPILLARY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ATOM-BOMBARDMENT INTERFACE;
   SPECTROMETRY
AB Trace-level components of mixtures were successfully identified or confirmed by mass spectrometric accurate mass measurements, made at high resolution with selected ion recording, using GC and LC sample introduction. Measurements were made at 20 000 or 10 000 resolution, respectively. Under these conditions, accurate mass determinations from magnet or accelerating potential-electrostatic sector scans would not be feasible. Chlorinated diphenyl sulfides, aralkylamine lubricant additives, and a sulfonated azo dye were analyzed with mass measurement errors of less than 5 ppm.
C1 LOCKHEED ENVIRONM SYST & TECHNOL CO,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193.
NR 15
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD DEC 15
PY 1994
VL 66
IS 24
BP 4416
EP 4421
DI 10.1021/ac00096a005
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA PW746
UT WOS:A1994PW74600011
ER

PT J
AU LIU, Y
   LOPEZAVILA, V
   ALCARAZ, M
   JONES, TL
AF LIU, Y
   LOPEZAVILA, V
   ALCARAZ, M
   JONES, TL
TI CENTRIFUGAL PARTITION CHROMATOGRAPHIC EXTRACTION OF PHENOLS AND
   ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES FROM WATER SAMPLES
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
AB As part of an ongoing evaluation of new sample preparation methods conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through the Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory-Las Vegas, especially those meethods that minimize waste solvent generation, we investigated the feasibility of using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) to extract parts-per-billion levels of phenols and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from aqueous samples. In this paper, we report on the optimization of a CPC extraction technique, discuss the effects of five variables (i.e., extraction solvent, sample loading now rate, volume of displaced extraction solvent, ionic strength, and presence of humic materials in the aqueous sample) on the extraction of 13 phenols and 20 OCPs, and present recovery data for these analytes from spiked reagent water and spiked wastewater samples. Our results indicate that methylene chloride is more effective than hexane in extracting phenols but only slightly better than hexane in extracting OCPs. CPC appears to perform much better than conventional liquid-liquid extraction for phenols but not for OCPs, and our results also show that the target compounds are extracted into a very small volume of solvent, which means that the CPC technique can be used to concentrate such compounds from a relatively large volume of aqueous matrix (e.g., 100 mL) into a small volume of solvent (e.g., 2 mL). Therefore, the CPC technique reduces extraction solvent consumption and eliminates additional sample workup.
C1 MIDWEST RES INST,CALIF OPERAT,MT VIEW,CA 94043.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119.
NR 8
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD DEC 15
PY 1994
VL 66
IS 24
BP 4483
EP 4489
DI 10.1021/ac00096a014
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA PW746
UT WOS:A1994PW74600020
ER

PT J
AU CRIPE, GM
AF CRIPE, GM
TI INDUCTION OF MATURATION AND SPAWNING OF PINK SHRIMP, PENAEUS-DUORARUM,
   BY CHANGING WATER TEMPERATURE, AND SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF YOUNG
SO AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE PENAEUS DUORARUM; MATURATION; REPRODUCTION, CRUSTACEANS; TEMPERATURE;
   GROWTH, CRUSTACEANS; CHAETOCEROS GRACILIS
AB Field surveys of Penaeus duorarum have frequently observed co-occurrence of rising water temperatures, reproductive maturation and appearance of larval stages of the shrimp. This study investigated the use of water temperature changes, instead of eye enucleation, to induce maturation and spawning of pink shrimp fed only a compounded diet. The shrimp responded rapidly to changes in water temperature, spawning repeatedly within 7 to 14 days after water temperature was decreased to 20 +/- 1 degrees C and then increased to 28 degrees C in the 1.2-meter-diameter, recirculating system. Survival to protozoea ranged from 83 to 97% and to post-larvae averaged 83 +/- 3.2% when fed the diatom Chaetoceros gracilis. During the first 2 months, post-larvae grew from 0.072 mg to 109 mg.
RP CRIPE, GM (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,1 SABINE ISL DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA.
NR 19
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0044-8486
J9 AQUACULTURE
JI Aquaculture
PD DEC 15
PY 1994
VL 128
IS 3-4
BP 255
EP 260
DI 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90314-X
PG 6
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA PW452
UT WOS:A1994PW45200007
ER

PT J
AU ZEPP, RG
   ANDREAE, MO
AF ZEPP, RG
   ANDREAE, MO
TI FACTORS AFFECTING THE PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION OF CARBONYL SULFIDE IN
   SEAWATER
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; NATURAL-WATERS; ATMOSPHERE; SURFACE; RATES; OCS; SEA
AB Our laboratory studies indicate that the photochemical production of carbonyl sulfide (COS) in seawater can result from the photosensitized reaction of organosulfur compounds. Because natural photosensitizers are more prevalent in coastal waters than the open ocean, these results help to explain why marine COS concentrations are highest in coastal and shelf regions. Wavelength studies of COS photoproduction in freshly collected seawater samples demonstrated that COS formation is induced primarily by the UV part of solar radiation. Studies with model organosulfur compounds in synthetic and coastal seawater indicated that compounds with bivalent sulfur atoms (thiols, sulfides) react most efficiently to produce COS. We propose that the initial step of the photosensitized reaction primarily involves attack on the sulfur atom or sulfhydryl H atom by reactive transients.
C1 MAX PLANCK INST CHEM,W-6500 MAINZ,GERMANY.
RP ZEPP, RG (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,960 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA.
RI Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008
OI Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925
NR 24
TC 56
Z9 58
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD DEC 15
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 25
BP 2813
EP 2816
DI 10.1029/94GL03083
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA QA222
UT WOS:A1994QA22200010
ER

PT J
AU LAPING, NJ
   TETER, B
   ANDERSON, CP
   OSTERBURG, HH
   OCALLAGHAN, JP
   JOHNSON, SA
   FINCH, CE
AF LAPING, NJ
   TETER, B
   ANDERSON, CP
   OSTERBURG, HH
   OCALLAGHAN, JP
   JOHNSON, SA
   FINCH, CE
TI AGE-RELATED INCREASES IN GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN DO NOT SHOW
   PROPORTIONATE CHANGES IN TRANSCRIPTION RATES OR DNA METHYLATION IN THE
   CEREBRAL-CORTEX AND HIPPOCAMPUS OF MALE-RATS
SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Note
DE GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; AGE-RELATED INCREASES; DNA METHYLATION;
   RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; TRANSCRIPTION RATES
ID MESSENGER-RNA; SEQUENCE COMPLEXITY; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; GENE-EXPRESSION;
   BRAIN; MOUSE; CELLS; MICE; ASTROCYTES; PROLIFERATION
AB Age-related increases in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in many brain regions are observed in short- and long-lived mammals, Possible genomic mechanisms for the increase of GFAP mRNA and protein were studied in the hippocampus and cortex of male F344 rats and a longer-lived hybrid F-1 (F344 x Brown Norway), No age-related changes were found in the extent of cytosine methylation at 19 CpG sites in the 5'-upstream GFAP promoter and in exon 1, With the nuclear runon assay, no change was found in the transcription rate of GFAP in the cerebral cortex or hippocampus, Thus, age-related increases in GFAP are not associated with proportionate changes in transcription rates or DNA methylation, However, the transcription of glutamine synthetase was increased by about 60%. These findings contrast with age-related loss of bulk tissue DNA methylation and decreased transcription rates of other genes reported in non-neural tissues. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 SMITHKLINE BEECHAM PHARMACEUT,DEPT RENAL PHARMACOL,KING OF PRUSSIA,PA 19406.
   UNIV SO CALIF,ETHEL PERCY ANDRUS GERONTOL CTR,DIV NEUROGERONTOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089.
   UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT BIOL SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089.
   CORTEX PHARMACEUT INC,IRVINE,CA.
   US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013
FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-7909]
NR 60
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0360-4012
J9 J NEUROSCI RES
JI J. Neurosci. Res.
PD DEC 15
PY 1994
VL 39
IS 6
BP 710
EP 717
DI 10.1002/jnr.490390612
PG 8
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA QF970
UT WOS:A1994QF97000011
PM 7897706
ER

PT J
AU DABERKOW, S
   BOUZAHER, A
   HEIMLICH, RE
   PURCELL, W
   KUCH, P
   BOGGESS, W
   COCHRAN, M
   BOUZAHER, A
   BOSCH, D
   PAGANO, AP
AF DABERKOW, S
   BOUZAHER, A
   HEIMLICH, RE
   PURCELL, W
   KUCH, P
   BOGGESS, W
   COCHRAN, M
   BOUZAHER, A
   BOSCH, D
   PAGANO, AP
TI ANIMAL WASTES - ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL-POLICY ISSUES
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250.
   IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011.
   VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061.
   US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
   UNIV ARKANSAS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701.
   UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN
PI AMES
PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070
SN 0002-9092
J9 AM J AGR ECON
JI Am. J. Agr. Econ.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 76
IS 5
BP 1241
EP 1241
PG 1
WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics
SC Agriculture; Business & Economics
GA QG032
UT WOS:A1994QG03200089
ER

PT J
AU OLLINGER, M
   ASPELIN, A
   SHIELDS, M
AF OLLINGER, M
   ASPELIN, A
   SHIELDS, M
TI REGULATION AND NEW PESTICIDE PRODUCT SIZE IN THE UNITED-STATES PESTICIDE
   INDUSTRY
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250.
   US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
   UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER AGR ECON ASSN
PI AMES
PA IOWA STATE UNIV 80 HEADY HALL, AMES, IA 50011-1070
SN 0002-9092
J9 AM J AGR ECON
JI Am. J. Agr. Econ.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 76
IS 5
BP 1247
EP 1247
PG 1
WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics
SC Agriculture; Business & Economics
GA QG032
UT WOS:A1994QG03200144
ER

PT J
AU GHIO, AJ
   JASKOT, RH
   HATCH, GE
AF GHIO, AJ
   JASKOT, RH
   HATCH, GE
TI LUNG INJURY AFTER SILICA INSTILLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN ACCUMULATION
   OF IRON IN RATS
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE IRON CHELATES; PNEUMOCONIOSIS; FREE RADICALS
ID ENHANCED LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CROCIDOLITE ASBESTOS; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES;
   OXIDANT GENERATION; PULMONARY FIBROSIS; INHALATION; COLLAGEN;
   INFLAMMATION; HYDROXYLASE; DEPOSITION
AB It has been postulated that the incomplete complexation of host iron by the surface of mineral oxides is essential in in vivo lung injury after exposure to these dusts. We investigated the associations between in vivo iron accumulation after intratracheal instillation of silica dust in rats and 1) concentrations of antioxidants and oxidized products in the lung and 2) an index of chronic fibrotic injury. Fifty milligrams of minusil were intratracheally instilled into 60-day-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats. Ionizable Fe3+ complexed to the surface of silica increased from 12.7 +/- 1.4 mu mol/g to values as high as 42.5 +/- 9.1 mu mol/g dust after instillation. Corresponding to this elevation of surface-adsorbed metal, concentrations of iron in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung tissue, plasma, and liver tissue all increased. Antioxidant molecules in lung tissue, including ascorbate, urate, and glutathione, all decreased, whereas superoxide dismutase increased. Oxidized products in the lung tissue, measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive products, similarly increased, reflecting an oxidant stress. Dietary depletion of iron stores before instillation of silica dust resulted in low iron stores (hematocrit values of 21.8 +/- 1.9) and low iron concentrations in lavage fluid, lung tissue, and liver tissue. Rats on iron-depleted diets demonstrated a diminished fibrotic injury after dust instillation. Complexation of iron by the dust surface may be central in collagen deposition after silica exposure.
C1 DURHAM VET AFFAIRS MED CTR, DURHAM, NC 27710 USA.
   MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA.
   US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, DIV EXPTL TOXICOL, PULM TOXICOL BRANCH, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA.
RP GHIO, AJ (reprint author), DUKE UNIV, MED CTR, DEPT MED, DIV ALLERGY CRIT CARE & RESP MED, BOX 3177, DURHAM, NC 27710 USA.
FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-02655]
NR 35
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814
SN 1040-0605
J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C
JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 267
IS 6
BP L686
EP L692
PG 7
WC Physiology; Respiratory System
SC Physiology; Respiratory System
GA PX939
UT WOS:A1994PX93900006
PM 7810673
ER

PT J
AU SOMERVILLE, MC
   MUKERJEE, S
   FOX, DL
   STEVENS, RK
AF SOMERVILLE, MC
   MUKERJEE, S
   FOX, DL
   STEVENS, RK
TI STATISTICAL APPROACHES IN WIND SECTOR ANALYSES FOR ASSESSING LOCAL
   SOURCE IMPACTS
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE LINEAR-ANGULAR RANK CORRELATIONS; KRUSKAL-WALLIS TEST; WIND SECTOR
   ANALYSIS; POLLUTANT ROSE PLOTS; EMISSION SOURCES
ID PARTICLES; EMISSIONS
AB Nonparametric statistical methods were used as part of a wind sector analysis assessment for the purpose of investigating local source impacts. Linear-angular rank correlations were employed to test for the presence of association between pollutant tracer concentrations and wind direction for a local area dominated by a single emission source (a biomedical waste combustor). Testing for the presence of these associations in ambient data from a local area likely to include multiple pollutant sources (including a resource recovery facility) was accomplished using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Modified pollutant wind rose plots were used to qualitatively investigate the nature of the associations detected using these statistical tests, focusing on the sources of interest known to emit the pollutant tracers-of-opportunity. The statistical methods presented provide a quantitative basis for the assessment of source impacts based on observed associations between wind direction and pollutant concentrations.
C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LABS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
NR 17
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 21
BP 3483
EP 3493
DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90006-X
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PZ111
UT WOS:A1994PZ11100006
ER

PT J
AU KASHMANIAN, RM
AF KASHMANIAN, RM
TI BUILDING SUPPORT FOR COMPOSTING IN AGRICULTURE .1.
SO BIOCYCLE
LA English
DT Article
RP KASHMANIAN, RM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY PLANNING,WASHINGTON,DC, USA.
NR 1
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU JG PRESS, INC
PI EMMAUS
PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049
SN 0276-5055
J9 BIOCYCLE
JI Biocycle
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 35
IS 12
BP 67
EP 70
PG 4
WC Ecology; Soil Science
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture
GA PW801
UT WOS:A1994PW80100011
ER

PT J
AU HASSAN, SM
AF HASSAN, SM
TI SULFUR SPECIATION - METHODOLOGY AND APPLICATION TO SULFIDE OXIDATION
   STUDIES AT THE SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID COLUMN ION-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION; SAMPLES; ANIONS
AB A single column ion chromatographic method for the determination of sulfide, sulfite, sulfate and thiosulfate was developed.  It uses an anion exchange column (waters, IC-Pak A) and a borate-gluconate buffer at pH 8.5 that contains EDTA and ascorbic acid to prevent sulfite oxidation.  This eluent has relatively low background values for both conductivity and ultraviolet absorption, which allows determination of the above sulfur anions with high sensitivity.  The mean percent recovery of the investigated anions in synthetic mixtures were 98.6, 100.0, 99.6 and 100.2 % for sulfide, sulfite, thiosulfate and sulfate, respectively.  The method was applied to study sulfide ion oxidation at the water-sediment interface using six aquifer samples collected within the continental United States.  Results indicated that sulfide ion disappearance follows a pseudo first-order profile and that the rate of disappearance correlates with the total organic carbon and clay content of the sediment.
RP HASSAN, SM (reprint author), US EPA,TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA.
OI Hassan, Sayed/0000-0003-4713-0892
NR 18
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 6
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0045-6535
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 29
IS 12
BP 2555
EP 2569
DI 10.1016/0045-6535(94)90057-4
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA QC152
UT WOS:A1994QC15200007
ER

PT J
AU SANVILLE, W
   MITSCH, WJ
AF SANVILLE, W
   MITSCH, WJ
TI CREATING FRESH-WATER MARSHES IN A RIPARIAN LANDSCAPE - RESEARCH AT THE
   DES-PLAINES RIVER WETLANDS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT - PREFACE
SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,SCH NAT RESOURCES,COLUMBUS,OH 43210.
RP SANVILLE, W (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA.
NR 10
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0925-8574
J9 ECOL ENG
JI Ecol. Eng.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 3
IS 4
BP 315
EP 317
DI 10.1016/0925-8574(94)00005-0
PG 3
WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering
GA PX222
UT WOS:A1994PX22200001
ER

PT J
AU THOMAS, DJ
AF THOMAS, DJ
TI ARSENIC TOXICITY IN HUMANS - RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
AB The disposition and toxicity of the metalloid, arsenic, is affected by its oxidation state and on the extent to which it is converted to methylated species.  Given that these chemical modifications influence the fate and action of arsenic, new research efforts should be directed both towards elucidating the molecular processes involved in the metabolism of arsenic and in characterising interindividual variation in capacity for processes such as the methylation of arsenic.  This information will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of arsenic toxicity and carcinogenicity and to a better assessment of the hazards associated with chronic exposure to this agent.
RP THOMAS, DJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PHARMACOKINET BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 0
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 2
PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN
SN 0269-4042
J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH
JI Environ. Geochem. Health
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 16
IS 3-4
BP 107
EP 111
DI 10.1007/BF01747906
PG 5
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public,
   Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental &
   Occupational Health; Water Resources
GA QT702
UT WOS:A1994QT70200004
PM 24197204
ER

PT J
AU SAMET, JM
   PEPELKO, WE
   SONAWANE, B
   HATCH, GE
   DRISCOLL, KE
   OBERDORSTER, G
AF SAMET, JM
   PEPELKO, WE
   SONAWANE, B
   HATCH, GE
   DRISCOLL, KE
   OBERDORSTER, G
TI RISK ASSESSMENT OF OXIDANT GASES AND PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTANTS -
   UNCERTAINTIES AND RESEARCH NEEDS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Oxygen Radicals and Lung Injury Conference
CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 1993
CL MORGANTOWN, WV
SP US EPA, NCI, NIEHS, NIOSH, PENN STATE GENER MINERAL TECHNOL CTR RESPIRABLE DUST, W VIRGINIA UNIV, GENER MINERAL TECHNOL CTR RESPIRABLE DUST, W VIRGINIA UNIV, DEPT PATHOL, W VIRGINIA UNIV, SECT PULMONARY & CRIT CARE MED, W VIRGINIA UNIV, SCH MED, ABBOTT LABS, CIBA GIEGY CORP, PROCTOR & GAMBLE CO, SMITH KLINE BEECHAM, UPJOHN CO
DE RISK ASSESSMENT; AIR POLLUTANTS; PARTICLES; OXIDANTS
ID POLLUTION; LUNG; MORTALITY; PARTICLES; CLEARANCE; DISEASE; OZONE; MICE
AB The assessment of risks to human health associated with exposure to oxidant air pollutants has not received adequate attention despite the recognized public health threat posed by the ubiquitous presence of these compounds in the environment. In this article, research needs and uncertainties at each of the steps in the risk assessment oi oxidant air pollutants are identified: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Many of these limitations and uncertainties arise at the interface between the laboratory and the regulatory arenas. Therefore, as a case study, relevant methodologic problems associated with the application of experimental findings to the risk assessment of respirable dusts are also discussed. These issues include the extrapolation of animal data to the human case and extrapolation from high-dose to environmentally relevant, low-level exposures.
C1 BOWMAN GRAY SCH MED,PULM & CRIT CARE MED SECT,WINSTON SALEM,NC.
   US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC.
   US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
   PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,DEPT HUMAN & ENVIRONM SAFETY,CINCINNATI,OH.
   UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT ENVIRONM MED,ROCHESTER,NY.
NR 38
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 102
SU 10
BP 209
EP 213
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA QA021
UT WOS:A1994QA02100037
PM 7705298
ER

PT J
AU PATERSON, S
   MACKAY, D
   MCFARLANE, C
AF PATERSON, S
   MACKAY, D
   MCFARLANE, C
TI A MODEL OF ORGANIC-CHEMICAL UPTAKE BY PLANTS FROM SOIL AND THE
   ATMOSPHERE
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FUGACITY MODEL; BIOCONCENTRATION; VAPORS; LEAVES; AIR
AB A three-compartment mass balance model of a plant is developed to quantify the uptake of organic chemicals from soil and the atmosphere.  The compartments are as follows:  root, stem, and foliage.  The processes involved are diffusion and bulk flow of chemical between soil and root; transport within the plant in the phloem and transpiration streams between root, stem, and foliage; exchange between foliage and air and between soil and air; metabolism and growth.  The model is applied to the uptake of Bromacil by the soybean from hydroponic solution, yielding results which compare favorably with experimental data.  Illustrative applications to three other chemicals (2,4-D, dichlorobenzonitrile, and hexachlorobiphenyl) from soil are described showing that chemicals present in soil may reach foliage by evaporation from soil with subsequent foliar absorption and by transpiration, the proportions being determined by the chemical's Henry's law constant and octanol-water partition coefficient.  The intent is to provide a method by which chemical concentrations in various plant tissues can be estimated from information on chemical properties, concentrations in soil and air, and plant physiology.  Applications and data requirements for validation are discussed.
C1 UNIV TORONTO,INST ENVIRONM STUDIES,TORONTO M5S 1A4,ONTARIO,CANADA.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333.
NR 24
TC 117
Z9 131
U1 2
U2 41
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 13
BP 2259
EP 2266
DI 10.1021/es00062a009
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PV171
UT WOS:A1994PV17100012
PM 22176043
ER

PT J
AU ANDERSEN, SO
   MOREHOUSE, ET
   MILLER, A
AF ANDERSEN, SO
   MOREHOUSE, ET
   MILLER, A
TI THE MILITARYS ROLE IN PROTECTION OF THE OZONE-LAYER
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Most people associate the military with environmental problems rather than solutions.  However, Stephen Andersen, E. Thomas Morehouse, Jr., and Alan Miller describe how in the past few years the military has sped the adoption of new, environmentally friendlier technologies and, working with U.S. industry, has eliminated its need for ozone-depleting substances.
C1 INST DEF ANAL,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22311.
   UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20740.
RP ANDERSEN, SO (reprint author), US EPA,DIV STRATOSPHER PROTECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20001, USA.
NR 4
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 13
BP A586
EP A589
PG 4
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PV171
UT WOS:A1994PV17100007
PM 22663582
ER

PT J
AU BURNS, LA
   INGERSOLL, CG
   PASCOE, GA
AF BURNS, LA
   INGERSOLL, CG
   PASCOE, GA
TI ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT - APPLICATION OF NEW APPROACHES AND
   UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 NATL BIOL SURVEY,COLUMBIA,MO.
   ENVIRONM TOXICOL INT,SEATTLE,WA.
RP BURNS, LA (reprint author), US EPA,ATHENS,GA, USA.
NR 0
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 12
BP 1873
EP 1874
DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[1873:ERAAON]2.0.CO;2
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA PU902
UT WOS:A1994PU90200001
ER

PT J
AU LANDIS, WG
   MATTHEWS, GB
   MATTHEWS, RA
   SERGEANT, A
AF LANDIS, WG
   MATTHEWS, GB
   MATTHEWS, RA
   SERGEANT, A
TI APPLICATION OF MULTIVARIATE TECHNIQUES TO END-POINT DETERMINATION,
   SELECTION AND EVALUATION IN ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on New Approaches in Risk Assessment and Uncertainty Analysis,
   at the 13th Annual Meeting of the
   Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry
CY NOV 08-12, 1992
CL CINCINNATI, OH
SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM
DE RISK ASSESSMENT; MULTIVARIATE STATISTICS; NONMETRIC CLUSTERING;
   END-POINTS; ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ID ECOSYSTEM
AB Ecological risk assessment has evolved so that the interaction among the components is now an implicit assumption. Unlike single species-based risk assessments, it is often crucial in environmental or ecological risk assessments to be able to describe a system with many interacting components. In addition, some quantifiable description of how different biological communities respond upon the addition of a toxicant or some other stressor is required to adequately describe risk at the ecosystem level. Three methods have been applied at this level: the mean strain measurement used by K. Kersting, the state-space analysis pioneered by A.R. Johnson, and the nonmetric clustering developed by G. Matthews for ecological data sets and for analysis of standardized aquatic microcosm data. Each method has direct application to the description of an affected ecosystem without reliance upon a single specific and perhaps misleading endpoint. Each also can assign distance or probability measures in order to compare the control to treatment groups. Nonmetric clustering (NMC) has the advantage of not attempting to combine different types of scales or metrics during the multivariate analysis and is robust against interference by random variables. Applications of these methodologies into an ecological risk assessment should have the benefit of combining large interactive data sets into distinct measures to be used as a measure of risk and as a test of the prediction of risk. The primary impact of these methods may be in the selection and interpretation of assessment and measurement endpoints. Much recent debate in toxicological studies has focused on appropriate measurement endpoints for tests. Nonmetric clustering and other multivariate techniques should aid in the selection of these endpoints in ways meaningful at the ecosystem level. We suggest that the search for assessment and measurement endpoints be left to the appropriate multivariate computation algorithms in the case of multispecies situations. Application of these methods in the verification and validation process of risk assessment will serve to check the selection of endpoints during modeling exercises and to improve the presentation of assessment criteria.
C1 WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT COMP SCI,BELLINGHAM,WA 98225.
   US EPA,ORD,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
RP LANDIS, WG (reprint author), WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV,HUXLEY COLL,INST ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM,BELLINGHAM,WA 98225, USA.
NR 36
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 6
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 12
BP 1917
EP 1927
DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[1917:AOMTTE]2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA PU902
UT WOS:A1994PU90200007
ER

PT J
AU PASCOE, GA
   DALSOGLIO, JA
AF PASCOE, GA
   DALSOGLIO, JA
TI PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE ECOLOGICAL RISK
   ASSESSMENT AT THE MILLTOWN RESERVOIR CLARK-FORK RIVER SUPERFUND SITE,
   MONTANA
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT; METALS; WETLAND; CLARK FORK RIVER; MINING
   WASTES
ID METAL CONCENTRATIONS; DIETARY-CADMIUM; TRACE-METALS; SEDIMENTS;
   BIOAVAILABILITY; CRITERIA
AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initiated an innovative ecological risk assessment program at the Milltown Reservoir-Clark Fork River Sediments Superfund Site in 1989. The site is located in the Clark Fork River (CFR) basin of western Montana, and consists of 160 km (100 miles) of the CFR. and an 820-acre wetland at Milltown Reservoir. The focus of the assessment was to identify chronic risks to ecological receptors from metals-contaminated sediments that have deposited in aquatic and terrestrial habitats of the site. Lack of established sediment or soil quality criteria, the extent of habitats within the watershed, and anticipated complex sediment and soil chemistry led to a unique laboratory and field-based approach for the baseline risk assessment. Study tasks evaluated aquatic, wetland, and terrestrial habitats across multiple trophic levels. The risk assessment integrated the results of these studies as a triad of chemical, toxicological, and ecological information. The comprehensive nature of the risk assessment was designed to help determine a remedial action for the wetland operable unit and set the basis for additional studies in the upper Clark Fork River watershed. As the problem formulation step in the EPA's risk assessment methodology, this article describes the background of the site, the approach and conceptual model for the risk assessment, and the planning process for implementing the various field and laboratory studies.
C1 US EPA, HELENA, MT 59626 USA.
RP PASCOE, GA (reprint author), ENVIRONM TOXICOL INT INC, 600 STEWART ST, SUITE 700, SEATTLE, WA 98101 USA.
NR 69
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 3
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0730-7268
EI 1552-8618
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 12
BP 1943
EP 1956
DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[1943:PAIOAC]2.0.CO;2
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA PU902
UT WOS:A1994PU90200009
ER

PT J
AU LINDER, G
   HAZELWOOD, R
   PALAWSKI, D
   BOLLMAN, M
   WILBORN, D
   MALLOY, J
   DUBOIS, K
   OTT, S
   PASCOE, G
   DALSOGLIO, J
AF LINDER, G
   HAZELWOOD, R
   PALAWSKI, D
   BOLLMAN, M
   WILBORN, D
   MALLOY, J
   DUBOIS, K
   OTT, S
   PASCOE, G
   DALSOGLIO, J
TI ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE WETLANDS AT MILLTOWN RESERVOIR, MISSOULA,
   MONTANA - CHARACTERIZATION OF EMERGENT AND UPLAND HABITATS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 13th Annual Meeting of the
   Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry
CY NOV 08-12, 1992
CL CINCINNATI, OH
SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM
DE WETLANDS; HEAVY METALS; ARSENIC; SOIL CONTAMINATION; ECOLOGICAL RISK
   ASSESSMENT
AB Wetlands in mining districts in the western United States are frequently impacted by heavy metal-contaminated sediments. The present study summarizes a soil contamination evaluation and an ecological assessment completed for a Superfund site located at Milltown Reservoir wetlands (MRW) in western Montana. For wetlands, as well as upland habitats adjacent to wetlands, biological evaluations in the field and laboratory should be considered critical components in the ecological risk assessment process. Depending upon habitat type, field and laboratory methods have been developed for hazard and risk assessment that lend themselves directly to the Superfund ecological risk assessment process, and that consider contaminant bioavailability and subtle expressions of adverse biological effects associated with chronic exposures. As part of an ecological risk assessment for MRW, field surveys and a variety of biological test methods (e.g., terrestrial and aquatic tests) were critical to the wetland evaluation. For evaluating heavy metal effects at MRW, field and laboratory methods within the ecological assessment included wetlands delineation and preliminary plant and wildlife survey; vegetation tests in emergent and upland habitats; soil macroinvertebrate (earthworm) tests; preliminary studies using amphibian and bacterial test systems; soil characterizations; and chemical analysis of soils, sediments, and biological materials. In conjunction with chemical analyses, these biological and ecological evaluations yielded an integrated evaluation of ecological effects and exposure at MRW. The data gathered from laboratory and field work at MRW suggested that biological and ecological effects were subtle in their expression in the wetland. In conjunction with sediment contamination evaluations, these studies should reduce the uncertainty associated with the baseline ecological risk assessment for MRW.
C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ECOL SERV,HELENA,MT 59601.
   MANTECH ENVIRONM RES SERV CORP,CORVALLIS,OR 97333.
   ENVIRONM TOXICOL INT LTD,SEATTLE,WA 98101.
   US EPA,HELENA,MT 59626.
NR 38
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 8
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 12
BP 1957
EP 1970
DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[1957:EAFTWA]2.0.CO;2
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA PU902
UT WOS:A1994PU90200010
ER

PT J
AU PASCOE, GA
   BLANCHET, RJ
   LINDER, G
   PALAWSKI, D
   BRUMBAUGH, WG
   CANFIELD, TJ
   KEMBLE, NE
   INGERSOLL, CG
   FARAG, A
   DALSOGLIO, JA
AF PASCOE, GA
   BLANCHET, RJ
   LINDER, G
   PALAWSKI, D
   BRUMBAUGH, WG
   CANFIELD, TJ
   KEMBLE, NE
   INGERSOLL, CG
   FARAG, A
   DALSOGLIO, JA
TI CHARACTERIZATION OF ECOLOGICAL RISKS AT THE MILLTOWN RESERVOIR
   CLARK-FORK RIVER SEDIMENTS SUPERFUND SITE, MONTANA
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT; METALS; WETLAND; CLARK FORK RIVER; MINING
   WASTES
ID QUALITY TRIAD; CONTAMINATION; TOXICITY
AB A comprehensive field and laboratory approach to the ecological risk assessment for the Milltown Reservoir-Clark Fork River Sediments Site, a Superfund site in the Rocky Mountains of Montana, has been described in the preceding reports of this series. The risk assessment addresses concerns over the ecological impacts of upstream releases of mining wastes to fisheries of the upper Clark Fork River (CFR) and the benthic and terrestrial habitats further downstream in Milltown Reservoir. The risk characterization component of the process integrated results from a triad of information sources: (a) chemistry studies of environmental media to identify and quantify exposures of terrestrial and aquatic organisms to site-related contaminants; (b) ecological or population studies of terrestrial vegetation, birds, benthic communities, and fish; and (c) in situ and laboratory toxicity studies with terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates and plants, smalt mammals, amphibians,and fish exposed to contaminated surface water, sediments, wetland soils, and food sources. Trophic transfer studies were performed on waterfowl, mammals, and predatory birds using field measurement data on metals concentrations in environmental media and lower trophic food sources. Studies with sediment exposures were incorporated into the Sediment Quality Triad approach to evaluate risks to benthic ecology. Overall results of the wetland and terrestrial studies suggested that acute adverse biological effects were largely absent from the wetland; however, adverse effects to reproductive, growth, and physiological end points of various terrestrial and aquatic species were related to metals exposures in more highly contaminated depositional areas. Feeding studies with contaminated diet collected from the upper CFR indicated that trout are at high risk from elevated metals concentrations in surface water, sediment, and aquatic invertebrates. Integration of chemical analyses with toxicological and ecological evaluations of metal effects on the wetland and fishery has provided an important foundation for environmental decisions at this site.
C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA.
   US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, HELENA, MT 59601 USA.
   NATL BIOL SURVEY, NATL FISHERIES CONTAINMENT RES CTR, COLUMBIA, MO 65201 USA.
   UNIV WYOMING, DEPT ZOOL & PHYSIOL, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA.
   US EPA, HELENA, MT 59626 USA.
RP PASCOE, GA (reprint author), ENVIRONM TOXICOL INT INC, 600 STEWART ST, SUITE 700, SEATTLE, WA 98101 USA.
NR 57
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 3
U2 21
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0730-7268
EI 1552-8618
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 12
BP 2043
EP 2058
DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[2043:COERAT]2.0.CO;2
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA PU902
UT WOS:A1994PU90200017
ER

PT J
AU SRIVASTAVA, RK
   LINAK, WP
AF SRIVASTAVA, RK
   LINAK, WP
TI EVALUATION OF CARBON-BLACK SLURRIES AS CLEAN BURNING FUELS
SO FUEL
LA English
DT Article
DE CARBON BLACK; COMBUSTION; EVALUATION
ID COMBUSTION
AB Experiments were performed to examine the pumpability, atomization and combustion characteristics of slurries made of mixtures of carbon black with No. 2 fuel oil and methanol. Carbon black-No. 2 fuel oil and carbon black-methanol slurries, with carbon black contents of up to 50 and 45 wt%, respectively, were pumped and atomized by means of a peristaltic pump and air atomizing scheme, and burned in an 82 kW laboratory combustor. Measurements of slurry spray droplet size distributions indicated mean droplet diameters of approximately 100 and 30 mu m for the carbon black-No. 2 fuel oil and carbon black-methanol mixtures, respectively. Particulate emissions from the combustion of slurries containing 47 wt% carbon black in No. 2 fuel oil and 42 wt% carbon black in methanol were approximately 40 and 28 mg dm(-3), respectively. These particulate emissions are significantly higher than corresponding emissions from 'base case' No. 2 fuel oil and methanol tests (0.75 and 0 mg dm(-3), respectively). However, in spite of the increased particulate emissions, carbon monoxide emissions from all tests were similar (less than 50 ppm dry, corrected to 0% oxygen, for furnace stoichiometric ratios of 1.05 or greater). In addition, at 20% excess air, nitric oxide emissions from the combustion of the carbon black-No. 2 fuel oil and carbon black-methanol (approximately 50 and 15 ppm, respectively) were approximately half of those measured from the combustion of No. 2 fuel oil and methanol (105 and 30 ppm, respectively). Although not examined here, the use of dispersants, stabilizers and modifications to the atomization equipment could improve the burning characteristics of carbon black slurries.
C1 US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,COMBUST RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP SRIVASTAVA, RK (reprint author), ACUREX ENVIRONM CORP,POB 13109,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA.
NR 21
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0016-2361
J9 FUEL
JI Fuel
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 73
IS 12
BP 1911
EP 1917
DI 10.1016/0016-2361(94)90221-6
PG 7
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA PT087
UT WOS:A1994PT08700016
ER

PT J
AU MARSHALL, J
   GINSBERG, M
AF MARSHALL, J
   GINSBERG, M
TI NATIONAL GROUND-WATER MONITORING STRATEGY UPDATE
SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP MARSHALL, J (reprint author), US EPA,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,DIV GROUND WATER PROTECT,MAIL CODE 4602,WASHINGTON,DC 20461, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081
SN 1069-3629
J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R
JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat.
PD WIN
PY 1994
VL 14
IS 1
BP 65
EP 66
PG 2
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA MT150
UT WOS:A1994MT15000001
ER

PT J
AU HAASER, CA
   WALDMAN, E
AF HAASER, CA
   WALDMAN, E
TI EPA RELEASES NATIONAL GROUND-WATER DATABASE - DISCUSSION
SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION
LA English
DT Discussion
RP HAASER, CA (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAMS SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081
SN 1069-3629
J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R
JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat.
PD WIN
PY 1994
VL 14
IS 1
BP 152
EP 152
PG 1
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA MT150
UT WOS:A1994MT15000014
ER

PT J
AU LEMIEUX, PM
   LINAK, WP
   DEBENEDICTIS, C
   RYAN, JV
   WENDT, JOL
   DUNN, JE
AF LEMIEUX, PM
   LINAK, WP
   DEBENEDICTIS, C
   RYAN, JV
   WENDT, JOL
   DUNN, JE
TI OPERATING PARAMETERS TO MINIMIZE EMISSIONS DURING ROTARY KILN EMERGENCY
   SAFETY VENT OPENINGS
SO HAZARDOUS WASTE & HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
AB Certain designs of hazardous waste incinerator systems include emergency safety vents (ESVs). ESVs (also called dump stacks, vent stacks, emergency by-pass stacks, thermal relief valves, and pressure relief valves) are regarded as true emergency devices. Their purpose is to vent combustion gases directly from the combustion chambers to the atmosphere in the event of a failure of other system components. This is done for operator safety as well as to protect the incinerator and other downstream equipment from damage. ESVs are typically required for rotary kiln and hearth incinerators which process a portion of their waste load as bulk solids or contained liquids introduced continuously or in batch charges. Research has been performed at the U.S. EPA on a 73 kW (250,000 Btu/hr) rotary kiln incinerator simulator examining optimum settings of kiln operating parameters so as to minimize emissions during an ESV opening event. Experimental results are interpreted in the light of previous research results on transient ''puffs.'' Mechanisms governing both the release of volatile matter during an ESV event and the subsequent pyrolysis and oxidation in the residual sorbent bed are identified. From a practical point of view, results indicate that alteration of operator-controllable kiln parameters during the onset of certain ESV opening events can have a significant effect on emissions of both organics and hydrogen chloride (HCI). A low air flow rate results in lower emissions of both organics and HCI. This hypothetical low air flow rate could possibly be equal to the flow rate induced by the natural draft coupled with air in-leakage. Rotational speed (RPM) appears to have slightly different effects on organics and HCl. Whereas emissions of HCI are minimized at a very low or non-existent RPM, emissions of organics exhibit a minimum at a low (but non-zero) RPM, with increasing emissions at both zero and high RPM. The use of a small afterburner to simulate an in-stack flare during an ESV event dramatically reduced organic emissions.
RP LEMIEUX, PM (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,ERC BLDG MD-65,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL
PI LARCHMONT
PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538
SN 0882-5696
J9 HAZARD WASTE HAZARD
JI Hazard. Waste Hazard. Mater.
PD WIN
PY 1994
VL 11
IS 1
BP 111
EP 128
DI 10.1089/hwm.1994.11.111
PG 18
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA NP544
UT WOS:A1994NP54400008
ER

PT J
AU KROVVIDY, S
   WEE, WG
   SUIDAN, M
   SUMMERS, RS
   COLEMAN, JJ
   ROSSMAN, L
AF KROVVIDY, S
   WEE, WG
   SUIDAN, M
   SUMMERS, RS
   COLEMAN, JJ
   ROSSMAN, L
TI INTELLIGENT SEQUENCE PLANNING FOR WASTE-WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS
SO IEEE EXPERT-INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS & THEIR APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN & COMP SCI,ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & COMP VIS LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45221.
   US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,ENGN & COST SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
   UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,ENVIRONM PROGRAM,CINCINNATI,OH 45221.
RP KROVVIDY, S (reprint author), INFERENCE CORP,2010 CORP RIDGE AVE,SUITE 700,MCLEAN,VA 22102, USA.
NR 6
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264
SN 0885-9000
J9 IEEE EXPERT
JI IEEE Expert-Intell. Syst. Appl.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 9
IS 6
BP 15
EP 20
DI 10.1109/64.363257
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical &
   Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA QK763
UT WOS:A1994QK76300003
ER

PT J
AU McCroan, KD
   Lacher, RC
AF McCroan, Keith D.
   Lacher, R. C.
TI REGION COLORING, EDGE COLORING, AND SCAN-CONVERSION OF MAPS
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL GEOMETRY & APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Polygon filling; polygon scan-conversion; curve filling; color cycle;
   edge coloring; region coloring
AB A theory is introduced relating extrinsic colorings of complementary regions of an embedded graph to certain intrinsic colorings of the edges of the graph, called color cycles, that satisfy a certain self-consistency condition. A region coloring is lifted to an edge coloring satisfying the cycle condition, and a dual construction builds a region coloring from any color cycle and any embedding of the graph. Both constructs are canonical, and the constructions are information-conservative in the sense that lifting an arbitrary region coloring to a color cycle and then reconstructing a region coloring from the cycle, using the same embedding, results in the original region coloring. The theory is motivated by, and provides the proof of correctness of, new scan-conversion algorithms that are useful in settings where region boundaries have very high complexity. These algorithms have been implemented and provide useful display functionality previously unavailable on certain rastor devices.
C1 [McCroan, Keith D.] US EPA, NAREL, Montgomery, AL 36115 USA.
   [Lacher, R. C.] Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
RP McCroan, KD (reprint author), US EPA, NAREL, 540 South Morris Ave, Montgomery, AL 36115 USA.
EM lacher@cs.fsu.edu
FU Supercomputer Computations Research Institute of Florida State
   University
FX The first author greatfully acknowledges Fellowship support from the
   Supercomputer Computations Research Institute of Florida State
   University.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE
SN 0218-1959
EI 1793-6357
J9 INT J COMPUT GEOM AP
JI Int. J. Comput. Geom. Appl.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 4
IS 4
BP 423
EP 455
DI 10.1142/S0218195994000239
PG 33
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied
SC Computer Science; Mathematics
GA V30DF
UT WOS:000208796000005
ER

PT J
AU CHANG, J
   CHADWICK, RW
   ALLISON, JC
   HAYES, YO
   TALLEY, DL
   AUTRY, CE
AF CHANG, J
   CHADWICK, RW
   ALLISON, JC
   HAYES, YO
   TALLEY, DL
   AUTRY, CE
TI MICROBIAL SUCCESSION AND INTESTINAL ENZYME-ACTIVITIES IN THE DEVELOPING
   RAT
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GASTROINTESTINAL MICROFLORA; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; FISCHER-344 RATS;
   METABOLISM; MICE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; NITROREDUCTASE; GENOTOXICITY;
   ACTIVATION; BACTERIA
AB The succession of gut bacteria and selected intestinal enzyme activities in developing 7-35-d-old rats was studied. Aerobes and anaerobes were identified as members of four broad major bacterial groups, i.e. Gram-positive rods, Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative rods and obligate anaerobes. The enzyme activities of nitro and azo reductases, beta-glucuronidase, dechlorinase and dehydrochlorinase were determined by anaerobic incubation of intestinal homogenates with 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene, methyl orange, p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide, and p,p'-DDT respectively. Nitroreductase and azo reductase activities increased significantly with the appearance of anaerobes in the large intestine. No increase in either nitroreductase or azo reductase activities in the small intestine was found. The early and high level of beta-glucuronidase activity in the small and large intestines coincided with high numbers of coliforms recovered in 7 and 14 d animals. Dehydrochlorinase activity appeared early but was undetectable at both 21 and 28 d. Its activity increased at 35 d. Dechlorinase activity was variable in development. The rapid changes in the microbial flora and intestinal enzyme activities may influence the susceptibility of pre-pubescent rats to a variety of toxicants. Therefore, age-dependent toxicity may be important in the risk assessment of some environmental chemicals.
C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DIV LAB ANIM MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM RES CTR MD 68,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
NR 49
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 4
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL
SN 0021-8847
J9 J APPL BACTERIOL
JI J. Appl. Bacteriol.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 77
IS 6
BP 709
EP 718
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb02823.x
PG 10
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA PW363
UT WOS:A1994PW36300017
PM 7822231
ER

PT J
AU EATON, RW
AF EATON, RW
TI ORGANIZATION AND EVOLUTION OF NAPHTHALENE CATABOLIC PATHWAYS - SEQUENCE
   OF THE DNA ENCODING 2-HYDROXYCHROMENE-2-CARBOXYLATE ISOMERASE AND
   TRANS-O-HYDROXYBENZYLIDENEPYRUVATE HYDRATASE-ALDOLASE FROM THE NAH7
   PLASMID
SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
LA English
DT Note
ID SP STRAIN NCIB-9816; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; MOLECULAR RELATIONSHIPS;
   NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; RING-CLEAVAGE; PURIFICATION; DIOXYGENASE;
   OXIDATION; COMPONENT; DIBENZOTHIOPHENE
AB The sequence of a 2,437-bp DNA segment from the naphthalene upper catabolic pathway operon of plasmid NAH7 was determined. This segment contains three large open reading frames designated nahQ', nahE, and nahD. The first of these is the 3' end of an open reading frame that has no known function, the second (993 bp) encodes trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate hydratase-aldolase (deduced molecular weight, 36,640), and the third (609 bp) encodes 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate late isomerase (deduced molecular weight, 23,031). This DNA has a high degree of sequence homology (greater than 91% for the first 2161 bp) with a DNA segment from the dox (dibenzothiophene oxidation) operon of Pseudomonas sp. strain C18, which encodes a pathway analogous to that encoded by NAH7. However, 83 bp downstream from nahD, the last gene in the nah operon, this homolog ends. This 84-bp sequence at the downstream end of nah and dox homology has 76% homology to a sequence that occurs just upstream of the nah promoter in NAH7. These directly repeated 84-bp sequences thus encompass the upper-pathway nah operon and constitute the ends of a highly conserved region.
RP EATON, RW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA.
NR 32
TC 63
Z9 70
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0021-9193
J9 J BACTERIOL
JI J. Bacteriol.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 176
IS 24
BP 7757
EP 7762
PG 6
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA PX081
UT WOS:A1994PX08100045
PM 8002605
ER

PT J
AU BURGER, J
   PARSONS, K
   WARTENBERG, D
   SAFINA, C
   OCONNOR, J
   GOCHFELD, M
AF BURGER, J
   PARSONS, K
   WARTENBERG, D
   SAFINA, C
   OCONNOR, J
   GOCHFELD, M
TI BIOMONITORING USING LEAST TERNS AND BLACK SKIMMERS IN THE NORTHEASTERN
   UNITED-STATES
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE COASTAL; BIRDS; COLONIES; MANAGEMENT; NEW YORK; NEW JERSEY; MONITORING;
   BIOMONITORING
ID RING-BILLED GULLS; COMMON TERNS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BREEDING SUCCESS;
   SITE SELECTION; LONG-ISLAND; CLUTCH-SIZE; NEW-YORK; COLONY; SEABIRDS
AB Population sizes and reproductive success in colonies of least terns (Sterna antillarum) and black skimmers (Rynchops niger) were examined from Massachusetts to Cape May, New Jersey, to determine the utility of these species far monitoring population trends and environmental quality. Although some colonial species have been monitored for reproductive success, most schemes monitor only numbers of breeding birds or are more restricted geographically. For least terns in 1991, reproductive success was significantly lower on Long Island and higher in New Jersey. These differences persisted when compared with reference data from the previous 13-15 years for several of the same colonies that were relatively uncontaminated. There were no geographical differences in reproductive success in 1991 for black skimmers, although western Long Island productivity was below normal. The differences in reproductive success coupled with stable population numbers suggest that southern New Jersey may be providing excess young least terns and black skimmers that move into parts of New York with low reproductive success. Monitoring population numbers alone may not be adequately sensitive for management. Monitoring of productivity though more labor intensive allows the early identification of problem regions and temporal trends. Regional monitoring of reproductive success may be essential to determining the relative importance of protecting specific colonies, and for the early recognition of human impacts.
C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,EOHSI,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855.
   MANOMAT BIRD OBSERVAT,MANOMET,MA 02345.
   UMDNJ,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,EOHSI,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855.
   NATL AUDUBON SOC,ISLIP,NY 11751.
   US EPA,NEW YORK,NY 10278.
RP BURGER, J (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855, USA.
NR 60
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0749-0208
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PD WIN
PY 1994
VL 10
IS 1
BP 39
EP 47
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA MV816
UT WOS:A1994MV81600004
ER

PT J
AU JACKSON, S
   DAVIS, W
AF JACKSON, S
   DAVIS, W
TI MEETING THE GOAL OF BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY IN WATER-RESOURCE PROGRAMS IN
   THE UNITED-STATES ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY
SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Note
RP JACKSON, S (reprint author), US EPA,OFF WATER,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 0
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 0
PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0887-3593
J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC
JI J. North American Benthol. Soc.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 4
BP 592
EP 597
DI 10.2307/1467854
PG 6
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA PY263
UT WOS:A1994PY26300013
ER

PT J
AU WATERS, MD
   STACK, HF
   JACKSON, MA
   BRIDGES, BA
   ADLER, ID
AF WATERS, MD
   STACK, HF
   JACKSON, MA
   BRIDGES, BA
   ADLER, ID
TI THE PERFORMANCE OF SHORT-TERM TESTS IN IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL GERM-CELL
   MUTAGENS - A QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS
SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE SHORT-TERM TEST; GERM CELL MUTAGEN
ID DOMINANT-LETHAL MUTATIONS; PREMATURE CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION; GENE-TOX
   PROGRAM; LONG-EVANS RAT; MALE CD-1 MICE; LOCUS MUTATIONS;
   ETHYLENE-OXIDE; MOUSE SPERMATOGONIA; FEMALE MICE;
   1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE DBCP
AB A retrospective analysis was undertaken to assess the performance of selected short-term tests in the discrimination of mammalian germ cell mutagens and nonmutagens using data derived from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/International Agency for Research on Cancer Genetic Activity Profile (EPA/IARC GAP) and EPA GENE-TOX databases. The short-term tests selected were gene mutation in Salmonella (S. typhimurium), cultured mammalian cell gene mutation and chromosomal aberrations, and mammalian bone marrow cytogenetics (micronucleus and chromosomal aberrations). These are the first level tests used in the EPA mutagenicity testing guidelines. The results of this analysis showed good sensitivity of short-term in vitro tests for mammalian cell gene mutation (96%) or chromosomal aberrations (92%) in identifying germ cell mutagens, while the sensitivity of tests for gene mutation in S. typhimurium was lower (79%). Bone marrow micronucleus or chromosomal aberration assays in vivo each displayed a sensitivity of 96%. Thus, both the in vitro and in vivo tests may be used effectively to screen chemicals for potential germ cell mutagenicity. In contrast, the in vitro tests mentioned above performed poorly in discriminating putative germ cell nonmutagens, giving results for specificity at or below what is expected due to chance alone (50-11%). The bone marrow assays were more efficient in this regard, the micronucleus test yielding a specificity of 63% and the chromosomal aberrations assay 64%. The mouse bone marrow micronucleus test also performed well on a quantitative basis, responding at or below the lowest effective doses tested in the mouse dominant lethal assay. Regression analysis of the mean lowest effective doses of chemicals evaluated in vivo showed approximately 1:1 linear correlations for mouse germ cell assays (heritable translocation vs dominant lethal or specific locus tests) as well as for mouse bone marrow assays (micronucleus vs chromosomal aberration). The results suggest the value of the bone marrow micronucleus test as an assay for potential germ cell mutagenicity and the dominant lethal test as a relatively inexpensive choice for confirmation of germ cell damage. The sensitivity of the in vitro assays investigated and the discriminatory capability of the in vivo bone marrow assay affirmed the utility of these tests within the framework of the EPA mutagenicity testing guidelines.
C1 INTEGRATED LAB SYST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   UNIV SUSSEX,MRC,CELL MUTAT UNIT,BRIGHTON BM1 9RR,E SUSSEX,ENGLAND.
   GSF,INST SAUGETIERGENET,D-85758 OBERSCHLEISSHEIM,GERMANY.
RP WATERS, MD (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB MD51A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 273
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-1218
J9 MUTAT RES-GENET TOX
JI Mutat. Res.-Genet. Toxicol.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 341
IS 2
BP 109
EP 131
DI 10.1016/0165-1218(94)90093-0
PG 23
WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA PX810
UT WOS:A1994PX81000005
PM 7527489
ER

PT J
AU HIOL, FH
   DIXON, RK
   CURL, EA
AF HIOL, FH
   DIXON, RK
   CURL, EA
TI THE FEEDING PREFERENCE OF MYCOPHAGOUS COLLEMBOLA VARIES WITH THE
   ECTOMYCORRHIZAL SYMBIONT
SO MYCORRHIZA
LA English
DT Article
DE LACCARIA LACCATA; PISOLITHUS TINCTORIUS; PROISOTOMA MINUTA; RHIZOCTONIA
   SOLANI; SUILLUS LUTEUS; THELEPHORA TERRESTRIS; COLLEMBOLAN INSECTS
ID PISOLITHUS-TINCTORIUS; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH
AB The interactions of the collembolan insect Proisotoma minuta with ectomycorrhizal and/or pathogenic fungi was examined in three experiments: (1) in vitro analysis of feeding patterns, (2) in vitro food preference test, and (3) in situ analysis of ectomycorrhizal colonization in relation to population density. The ectomycorrhizal fungi Laccaria laccata, Pisolithus tinctorius, Suillus luteus, Thelephora terrestris and the pathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani were employed in all experiments. In vitro and in situ experiments revealed that Pr. minuta consumed all the ectomycorrhizal fungi tested but the feeding pattern and consumption varied with each isolate. In a comparative in vitro feeding preference test, where Pr. minuta was given a choice, R. solani was grazed more heavily than the ectomycorrhizal fungi. Among the ectomycorrhizal fungi examined, Pi. tinctorius was consumed significantly less than L. laccata, S. luteus or T. terrestris in the presence of R. solani. A 10-week in situ analysis of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedling root systems inoculated with Pr. minuta revealed that ectomycorrhizal colonization was significantly less than that of control plants (without Pr. minuta). Collectively, these data suggest that mycophagous Collembola may play a major role in the distribution and biomass of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of tree seedlings.
C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
   AUBURN UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36830.
RP HIOL, FH (reprint author), UNIV DSCHANG,DEPT FORESTRY,DSCHANG,CAMEROON.
NR 21
TC 38
Z9 42
U1 4
U2 8
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0940-6360
J9 MYCORRHIZA
JI Mycorrhiza
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 5
IS 2
BP 99
EP 103
DI 10.1007/BF00202340
PG 5
WC Mycology
SC Mycology
GA PZ809
UT WOS:A1994PZ80900002
ER

PT J
AU ZAWIA, NH
   EVERS, LB
   KODAVANTI, PRS
   HARRY, GJ
AF ZAWIA, NH
   EVERS, LB
   KODAVANTI, PRS
   HARRY, GJ
TI MODULATION OF DEVELOPMENTAL CEREBELLAR ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY
   BY LEAD ACETATE
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE LEAD; CALCIUM; DEVELOPMENT; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE (ODC); CEREBELLUM
ID CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RAT-BRAIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; NUCLEIC-ACIDS;
   EXPOSURE; NEUROTOXICITY; CALCIUM; MECHANISMS; PROTEIN; HIPPOCAMPUS
AB The developing brain is particularly susceptible to the neurotoxic effects of lead exposure. The ontological profile of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in the cerebellum was examined following lactational exposure of rats to 0.2% lead acetate (Pb). Relative to controls, Pb-exposure induced ODC activity levels in a transient manner with a 50% increase at postnatal day (PND) 6, a 20% increase at PND 9, returning to control basal levels by PND 15. These effects were seen at exposure levels of Pb that did not alter the normal growth and body weight of either the lactating dam or the developing pups. Basal cerebellar ODC activity in homogenates was increased with addition of low concentrations of Pb acetate (0.01 mu M and 0.1 mu M), while concentrations of 1 mu M or greater were inhibitory. The effects of Pb acetate on tissue ODC activity in vitro were not mimicked by the addition of calcium chloride. Unlike tissue ODC activity, incubation of these metals with a pure ODC protein preparation exhibited fluctuations in ODC activity possibly due to the ionic interactions of Pb or calcium chloride. Calcium homeostatic mechanisms appeared to be unchanged with Pb exposure, at this dose, in that neither Ca-45-uptake (both mitochondrial and microsomal) nor synaptosomal Ca2+ ATPase activity was altered. These data suggest that alterations in ODC activity may be indicative of subtle toxicant induced perturbations during early development. Although the precise mechanism by which Pb may induce ODC activity in developing tissue is unknown, our results suggest that Pb may specifically alter ODC activity via cytosolic in teractions. (C) 1994 Intox Press, Inc.
C1 NIEHS,INTEGRATED BIOL LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27707.
   US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
NR 53
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU INTOX PRESS INC
PI LITTLE ROCK
PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD WIN
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 4
BP 903
EP 911
PG 9
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA QD366
UT WOS:A1994QD36600012
PM 7715861
ER

PT J
AU STROCK, JM
AF STROCK, JM
TI LAWYERS SHOULDNT BE THE ONLY ONES CLEANING UP UNDER SUPERFUND
SO POLICY REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU HERITAGE FOUNDATION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 214 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002
SN 0146-5945
J9 POLICY REV
JI Policy Rev.
PD WIN
PY 1994
IS 67
BP 42
EP 45
PG 4
WC Political Science
SC Government & Law
GA MQ765
UT WOS:A1994MQ76500006
ER

PT J
AU LAMAR, RT
   DAVIS, MW
   DIETRICH, DM
   GLASER, JA
AF LAMAR, RT
   DAVIS, MW
   DIETRICH, DM
   GLASER, JA
TI TREATMENT OF A PENTACHLOROPHENOL-CONTAMINATED AND CREOSOTE-CONTAMINATED
   SOIL USING THE LIGNIN-DEGRADING FUNGUS PHANEROCHAETE-SORDIDA - A FIELD
   DEMONSTRATION
SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ERGOSTEROL; CHRYSOSPORIUM; DETOXIFICATION; DEGRADATION; DEPLETION;
   ENZYMES; STEROLS; ACID
AB The feasibility of large-scale fungal bioaugmentation was evaluated by assessing the ability of the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete sordida to decrease the soil concentrations of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 13 priority pollutant polynuclear aromatic (PNA) creosote components in a field-demonstration study. Inoculation of the contaminated soil with the fungus (fungal treatment) at a rate of 10% (dry wt fungal hyphae and inoculum substrate dry wt soil(-1)) was compared to amending the soil (amended control) with sterile inoculum substrate also at a 10% rate (dry wt substrate dry wt soil(-1)) and no treatment (non-amended control), for their effects on PCP and PNA concentrations over 20 wk. The initial soil PCP and total measured PNA concentrations for the three treatments averaged 1058 and 1210 mg kg(-1), respectively. Despite very low initial amounts of fungal biomass, determined from ergosterol concentrations in the inoculum and inoculated soil, there was a 64% PCP decrease to a residual concentration of 362 mg kg(-1) in the fungal-treated soil after 20 wk of treatment. This residual concentration was statistically less than the 715 mg kg(-1) (26% decrease) and the 985 mg kg(-1) (18% decrease) PCP concentrations observed in the amended control and the non-amended control soils, respectively. There were significant decreases in the concentrations of 3- and 4-ring PNAs in all treatments. With the exception of acenapthene, decreases in the concentrations of 3-ring PNAs were significantly greater in the non-amended control soil than in either the amended control or fungal-treated soils. Conversely, decreases in the concentration of 4-ring PNAs tended to be greater in the fungal-treated and amended control soils than in the non-amended control soils. The concentrations of 5- and 6-ring PNAs were not decreased significantly by any of the treatments.
C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
RP LAMAR, RT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA.
NR 27
TC 52
Z9 53
U1 0
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0038-0717
J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM
JI Soil Biol. Biochem.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 26
IS 12
BP 1603
EP 1611
DI 10.1016/0038-0717(94)90312-3
PG 9
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA PW772
UT WOS:A1994PW77200002
ER

PT J
AU SHUEY, DL
   BUCKALEW, AR
   WILKE, TS
   ROGERS, JM
   ABBOTT, BD
AF SHUEY, DL
   BUCKALEW, AR
   WILKE, TS
   ROGERS, JM
   ABBOTT, BD
TI EARLY EVENTS FOLLOWING MATERNAL EXPOSURE TO 5-FLUOROURACIL LEAD TO
   DYSMORPHOLOGY IN CULTURED EMBRYONIC-TISSUES
SO TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LIMB DEVELOPMENT; MOUSE; PALATE
AB The chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is teratogenic in a number of species, yet the mechanism(s) of its developmental toxicity are not fully understood. Administration of 5-FU to the pregnant CD rat on day 14 of gestation results in dose-dependent growth retardation and numerous malformations in near-term fetuses, including hindlimb defects and cleft palate. Following treatment, a number of rapid biochemical and cellular alterations are detectable in embryonic hindlimbs, craniofacial and other tissues, which include thymidylate synthetase (TS) inhibition and altered cell cycle progression. In order to assess the importance of these early events in 5-FU-induced dysmorphogenesis, embryonic midfacial tissues and hindlimbs were dissected 3 or 6 hr after administration of 5-FU to the dam and placed in explant culture. After 5 days in culture, craniofacial explants were evaluated morphologically for palatal closure and growth was assessed by measuring total protein and DNA content. Hindlimb explants were stained for cartilage using alcian blue to evaluate development of the digits. Craniofacial explants cultured at either 3 or 6 hr after exposure exhibited dose-dependent growth retardation and defects of palatal fusion at the end of the culture period. Deficits in protein and DNA content were similar to those in craniofacial tissues that continued to develop in utero after treatment, although morphological defects in cultured explants did not correlate well with the incidence of cleft palate in vivo. Dose-dependent deficits in metatarsal and phalanx development were observed in hindlimb explants dissected either 3 or 6 hr after maternal treatment. These results suggest that events sufficient to produce growth retardation and dysmorphogenesis occur within 3 hr of 5-FU administration, and support the hypothesis that direct, rapid, and short-lived biochemical and cellular changes in embryonic target tissues (i.e., TS inhibition, cell cycle alterations, and/or as yet unidentified events) are the critical mechanistic events in 5-FU developmental toxicity. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(*)
C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
   MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,PERINATAL TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
NR 22
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0040-3709
J9 TERATOLOGY
JI Teratology
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 6
BP 379
EP 386
DI 10.1002/tera.1420500603
PG 8
WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
GA QK044
UT WOS:A1994QK04400002
PM 7778042
ER

PT J
AU SLOTKIN, TA
   LAU, C
   SEIDLER, FJ
AF SLOTKIN, TA
   LAU, C
   SEIDLER, FJ
TI BETA-ADRENERGIC-RECEPTOR OVEREXPRESSION IN THE FETAL-RAT - DISTRIBUTION,
   RECEPTOR SUBTYPES, AND COUPLING TO ADENYLATE-CYCLASE ACTIVITY VIA
   G-PROTEINS
SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CONTINUOUS MATERNAL INFUSION; CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NEONATAL RAT;
   PRENATAL EXPOSURE; BETA-2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES;
   TERBUTALINE EXPOSURE; NICOTINE EXPOSURE; BINDING-SITES; BRAIN-REGIONS
AB Biogenic amines are hypothesized to play a role in the control of cell differentiation. We assessed the development of beta-adrenergic receptors and their linkage to adenylate cyclase activity in order to determine whether catecholaminergic cell signaling can take place early in development. On Gestational Day 12, beta-receptors were present in rat embryo in concentrations comparable to those in mature adrenergic target tissues; the concentrations climbed fivefold by Gestational Day 18. beta-Receptor expression was higher in liver than in heart and brain, as identified both by binding to isolated membrane preparations and by receptor autoradiography; nevertheless, receptor distribution was quite widespread, with labeling visible throughout the fetus. Receptor subtype selectivities (beta(2) in liver, beta(1) in heart, predominantly beta(2) in whole fetus) were already in place in early development, but receptor coupling to adenylate cyclase via G-proteins showed substantial developmental changes. Agonist-induced displacement of radioligand binding showed little or no GTP sensitivity on Gestational Day 12, suggesting relatively poor receptor linkage to G(s). In contrast, by Day 18, GTP produced a large shift in the agonist displacement curve. Receptor stimulation of adenylate cyclase by isoproterenol also showed a developmental spike by Gestational Day 18; the pattern for isoproterenol stimulation was distinct from the ontogeny of adenylate cyclase itself and from stimulation by forskolin-Mn2+ (which bypasses the need for receptors or G-proteins) or by fluoride (which activates G-proteins nonselectively). Thus, beta-receptors are highly expressed during fetal development and the receptors are readily capable of modulating intracellular cAMP production. Fetal catecholamines, which are produced and released by the adrenal medulla, extraadrenal chromaffin tissue, and cells that transiently express adrenergic phenotype, can thus have a direct impact on the differentiation of a wide variety of cells. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP SLOTKIN, TA (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PHARMACOL,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA.
FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-09713]
NR 63
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0041-008X
J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM
JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 129
IS 2
BP 223
EP 234
DI 10.1006/taap.1994.1247
PG 12
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA PX213
UT WOS:A1994PX21300006
PM 7992312
ER

PT J
AU MCMAHON, TF
   MEDINSKY, MA
   BIRNBAUM, LS
AF MCMAHON, TF
   MEDINSKY, MA
   BIRNBAUM, LS
TI AGE-RELATED-CHANGES IN BENZENE DISPOSITION IN MALE C57BL/6N MICE
   DESCRIBED BY A PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL
SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE BENZENE; MICE; PHYSIOLOGICAL MODELING
ID RATS; METABOLISM; EXCRETION; PHENOL
AB A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to describe the disposition of benzene in 3- and 18-month C57BL/6N mice and to examine the relevant physiologic and/or biochemical parameters governing previously observed age-related changes in the disposition of benzene, The model developed was based on that of Medinsky et al, (Toxicol, Appl. Pharmacol, 99 (1989) 193-206), with the inclusion of an additional rate constant for urinary elimination of benzene metabolites. Experimentally determined tissue partition coefficients for benzene in 3- and 18-month mice, as well as actual body weights and fat compartment volumes, were included as part of the model, Model simulations were conducted for oral exposure of 3-month mice to 10 and 200 mg benzene/kg and for oral exposure of 18-month mice to 10 and 150 mg benzene/kg. Total amount of benzene metabolized, as well as metabolism of benzene to specific metabolites and their elimination, was simulated. Modeling results for total amount of benzene metabolites eliminated in urine over a 24-h period at 10 mg/kg showed that a greater total amount of benzene metabolites would be excreted by 18-month versus 3-month old mice. At saturating doses of 150 and 200 mg/kg, total amount of benzene metabolites excreted 24 h post-dose was predicted to be equivalent in 18-month mice and 3-month old mice, but the rate of elimination over time was shown to be decreased in 18-month vs. 3-month mice. Decreased urinary elimination of total benzene metabolites was simulated by a smaller renal elimination rate constant in 18-month vs. 3-month mice, which is consistent with decreased renal blood flow noted in aging rodents. These model predictions were consistent with observed in vitro and in vivo experimental data. Model simulations for production of specific metabolites from benzene and elimination in urine agreed well with experimental data in showing no significant age-related changes in formation of benzene metabolites, with the exception of hydroquinone conjugates. Model simulations and experimental data showed decreased total urinary elimination of hydroquinone conjugates in 18-month vs. 3-month mice. The change in hydroquinone conjugate elimination with age was simulated in modeling experiments as an age-related increase in K-m for production of hydroquinone conjugates from benzene. The results of this study indicate that age-related changes in physiology are primarily responsible for altered disposition of benzene in aged mice and suggest that concentrations for toxicity of benzene and/or metabolites may differ in target tissues of aged mice.
C1 CHEM IND INST TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP MCMAHON, TF (reprint author), US EPA,DIV HLTH EFFECTS,401 M ST SW,7509C,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 20
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE,
   IRELAND
SN 0378-4274
J9 TOXICOL LETT
JI Toxicol. Lett.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 74
IS 3
BP 241
EP 253
DI 10.1016/0378-4274(94)90083-3
PG 13
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA QB758
UT WOS:A1994QB75800006
PM 7871548
ER

PT J
AU FIELD, R
   OSHEA, ML
AF FIELD, R
   OSHEA, ML
TI THE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUALS FROM THE TREATMENT OF URBAN
   STORMWATER RUNOFF FROM SEPARATE STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
SO WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE STORM SEWERS; STORMWATER RUNOFF; STORMWATER RESIDUALS; SLUDGE; SLUDGE
   TREATMENT; SLUDGE DISPOSAL
AB Given the magnitude of stormwater runoff (from separate storm drainage systems) and its pollutional contribution, the treatment of stormwater would generate residuals in amounts equal to or in excess of the volume of sludge now generated by municipal wastewater treatment. The characteristics of stormwater runoff differ substantially from that of wastewater or combined sewer overflow (CSO) in several important parameters, most notably suspended solids (SS) and organic content. The increased SS content of stormwater runoff results in higher volumes of residuals and increased handling and disposal costs. Similarly, the lower organic and nutrient content of stormwater runoff limits both the effectiveness of conventional biological treatment processes and land application disposal options. Several treatment and handling approaches are discussed and evaluated, including both centralized and satellite options. In addition, the primary and secondary economic (e.g. cost, land requirements) and environmental (e.g. air and water pollution, public health, etc.) impacts of stormwater runoff residuals treatment, handling, and disposal are reviewed.
RP FIELD, R (reprint author), US EPA,DIV WATER & HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT RES,STORM & COMBINED SEWER PROGRAM,EDISON,NJ 08837, USA.
NR 0
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 5
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
SN 0734-242X
J9 WASTE MANAGE RES
JI Waste Manage. Res.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 12
IS 6
BP 527
EP 539
PG 13
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PW995
UT WOS:A1994PW99500007
ER

PT J
AU LINDQVIST, R
   CHO, JS
   ENFIELD, CG
AF LINDQVIST, R
   CHO, JS
   ENFIELD, CG
TI A KINETIC-MODEL FOR CELL-DENSITY DEPENDENT BACTERIAL TRANSPORT IN
   POROUS-MEDIA
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID CONTAMINATED SANDY AQUIFER; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; GROUNDWATER
   BACTERIA; MICROORGANISMS; SORPTION; MOVEMENT; NONEQUILIBRIUM;
   FILTRATION; DISPERSAL; BIOMASS
AB A kinetic transport model with the ability to account for variations in cell density of the aqueous and solid phases was developed for bacteria in porous media. Sorption kinetics in the advective-dispersive-sorptive equation was described by assuming that adsorption was proportional to the aqueous cell density and the number of available sites on the solid phase, whereas desorption was proportional to the density of sorbed cells. A numerical solution to the model was tested against laboratory column data, and the performance was compared with that of a two-site model. The kinetic model described the column data as well as the two-site model did, but the highest efficiencies of both models were associated with experiments with the smallest sorption. Furthermore, the kinetic model accounted for cell density dependent sorption, as demonstrated by fair predictions of bacterial transport at one cell density when using parameters obtained at another cell density.
C1 US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820.
   RICE UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,HOUSTON,TX 77251.
NR 37
TC 56
Z9 59
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 30
IS 12
BP 3291
EP 3299
DI 10.1029/94WR01725
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
   Resources
GA PU142
UT WOS:A1994PU14200007
ER

PT J
AU SELLNER, KG
   OLSON, MM
   KONONEN, K
AF SELLNER, KG
   OLSON, MM
   KONONEN, K
TI COPEPOD GRAZING IN A SUMMER CYANOBACTERIA BLOOM IN THE GULF OF FINLAND
SO HYDROBIOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Conference on Copepoda
CY JUN 06-13, 1993
CL UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY, BALTIMORE, MD
SP UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY, SMITHSONIAN INST
HO UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY
DE COPEPODS; CYANOBACTERIA; BLOOM; TOXIC; GRAZING; BALTIC
ID BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; HERBIVOROUS ZOOPLANKTON; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA;
   NODULARIA-SPUMIGENA; BALTIC SEA; TOXINS; DAPHNIA; LAKE
AB Blooms of the cyanobacteria Nodularia spumigena and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae dominated the phytoplankton assemblages of the western Gulf of Finland and the eastern side of the northern Baltic Sea in late July-August, 1992. The bloom overlapped the peak seasonal contributions of the dominant mesozooplankton herbivores in the region, the copepods Acartia bifilosa and Eurytemora affinis and the cladoceran Bosmina longispina maritima. Using radio-labelling techniques, the copepods were offered one of the cyanobacteria, Nodularia, as well as the 10-54 mum fraction of the natural phytoplankton assemblage. In general, incorporation rates of the labelled phytoplankton into the copepods declined with increasing contributions of the cyanobacteria. For both copepods, incorporation was inversely related to total phytoplankton biomass, whether measured as chlorophyll, total cells or cyanobacteria biomass. The very low rates for Acartia (< 0.8 mul [copepod h]-1) indicated that this copepod was likely starving in the cyanobacteria bloom, consistent with the generally poor condition of the animal observed in the laboratory. The other major mesozooplanktor, B. longispina maritima, ingested substantially more cyanobacterial biomass than the two copepods, based on HPLC-identified cyanobacteria-specific pigment echinenone in the gut. Bloom carbon provided < 1% and < 4% of the daily rations for Acartia and Eurytemora, respectively. Total copepod demand in the cyanobacteria blooms was trivial, < 1% of bloom biomass consumed daily. These results suggest that copepod herbivory is relatively unimportant in dissipating summer cyanobacteria blooms in the Gulf of Finland.
C1 US EPA, COMP SCI CORP, CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21403 USA.
   FINNISH INST MARINE RES, SF-00931 HELSINKI, FINLAND.
RP SELLNER, KG (reprint author), ACAD NAT SCI, BENEDICT ESTUARINE RES LAB, BENEDICT, MD 20612 USA.
NR 28
TC 53
Z9 53
U1 0
U2 9
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0018-8158
EI 1573-5117
J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA
JI Hydrobiologia
PD NOV 25
PY 1994
VL 293
BP 249
EP 254
DI 10.1007/BF00229948
PG 6
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QG902
UT WOS:A1994QG90200034
ER

PT J
AU ZENDZIAN, RP
AF ZENDZIAN, RP
TI RISK FROM LOW-DOSE EXPOSURES
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
RP ZENDZIAN, RP (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 1
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD NOV 18
PY 1994
VL 266
IS 5188
BP 1142
EP 1143
DI 10.1126/science.7973686
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA PT132
UT WOS:A1994PT13200004
PM 7973686
ER

PT J
AU MASSARO, EJ
   ALOI, L
   IZU, YC
   NIGGEL, J
   SACHS, F
AF MASSARO, EJ
   ALOI, L
   IZU, YC
   NIGGEL, J
   SACHS, F
TI PLURONIC F-68 REVERSIBLY INHIBITS CA2+ UPTAKE VIA THE MOUSE
   ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR TRANSFECTED INTO HUMAN EMBRYONIC KIDNEY-CELLS
SO BLOOD
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 DUKE UNIV,CTR BIOCHEM ENGN,DURHAM,NC 27706.
   US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   SUNY BUFFALO,SCH MED,DEPT BIOPHYS SCI,BUFFALO,NY 14214.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU W B SAUNDERS CO
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA
   19106-3399
SN 0006-4971
J9 BLOOD
JI Blood
PD NOV 15
PY 1994
VL 84
IS 10
SU 1
BP A545
EP A545
PG 1
WC Hematology
SC Hematology
GA PR754
UT WOS:A1994PR75402159
ER

PT J
AU LORBER, M
   CLEVERLY, D
   SCHAUM, J
   PHILLIPS, L
   SCHWEER, G
   LEIGHTON, T
AF LORBER, M
   CLEVERLY, D
   SCHAUM, J
   PHILLIPS, L
   SCHWEER, G
   LEIGHTON, T
TI DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN AIR-TO-BEEF FOOD-CHAIN MODEL FOR
   DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE DIOXIN; FOOD CHAIN; MODELING; FURAN; BEEF
ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; ORGANIC-CHEMICAL VAPORS; AMBIENT AIR; CHLORINATED
   DIOXINS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; PLANT-LEAVES; COWS MILK; DRY DEPOSITION;
   UNITED-STATES; PCDDS PCDFS
AB A model for predicting concentrations of dioxin-like compounds in beef is developed and tested. The key premise of the model is that concentrations of these compounds in air are the source term, or starting point, for estimating beef concentrations. Vapor-phase concentrations transfer to vegetations that cattle consume, and particle-bound concentrations deposit onto soils and these vegetations as well. Congener-specific bioconcentration parameters, coupled with assumptions on cattle diet, transform soil and vegetative concentrations into beef fat concentrations. The premise of the validation exercise is that a profile of typical air concentrations of dioxin-like compounds in a United States rural environment is an appropriate observed independent data set, and that a representative profile of United States beef concentrations of dioxin-like compounds is an appropriate observed dependent result. These data were developed for the validation exercise. An observed concentration of dioxin toxic equivalents in whole beef of 0.48 ng/kg is compared with a predicted 0.36 ng/kg. Principal uncertainties in the approach are identified and discussed. A major finding of this exercise was that vapor phase transfers of dioxin-like compounds to vegetations that cattle consume dominate the estimation of final beef concentrations: over 80% of the modeled beef concentration was attributed to such transfers.
C1 VERSAR INC,SPRINGFIELD,VA 22151.
RP LORBER, M (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT GRP,401 M ST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 72
TC 55
Z9 58
U1 2
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD NOV 11
PY 1994
VL 156
IS 1
BP 39
EP 65
DI 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90419-7
PG 27
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PJ991
UT WOS:A1994PJ99100005
PM 7801108
ER

PT J
AU LEUENBERGER, P
   SCHWARTZ, J
   ACKERMANNLIEBRICH, U
   BLASER, K
   BOLOGNINI, G
   BONGARD, JP
   BRANDLI, O
   BRAUN, P
   BRON, C
   BRUTSCHE, M
   DOMENIGHETTI, G
   ELSASSER, S
   GULDIMANN, P
   HOLLENSTEIN, C
   HUFSCHMID, P
   KARRER, W
   KELLER, R
   KELLERWOSSIDLO, H
   KUNZLI, N
   LUTHI, JC
   MARTIN, BW
   MEDICI, T
   PERRUCHOUD, AP
   RADAELLI, A
   SCHINDLER, C
   SCHOENI, MH
   SOLARI, G
   TSCHOPP, JM
   VILLIGER, B
   WUTHRICH, B
   ZELLWEGER, JP
   ZEMP, E
AF LEUENBERGER, P
   SCHWARTZ, J
   ACKERMANNLIEBRICH, U
   BLASER, K
   BOLOGNINI, G
   BONGARD, JP
   BRANDLI, O
   BRAUN, P
   BRON, C
   BRUTSCHE, M
   DOMENIGHETTI, G
   ELSASSER, S
   GULDIMANN, P
   HOLLENSTEIN, C
   HUFSCHMID, P
   KARRER, W
   KELLER, R
   KELLERWOSSIDLO, H
   KUNZLI, N
   LUTHI, JC
   MARTIN, BW
   MEDICI, T
   PERRUCHOUD, AP
   RADAELLI, A
   SCHINDLER, C
   SCHOENI, MH
   SOLARI, G
   TSCHOPP, JM
   VILLIGER, B
   WUTHRICH, B
   ZELLWEGER, JP
   ZEMP, E
TI PASSIVE SMOKING EXPOSURE IN ADULTS AND CHRONIC RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS
   (SAPALDIA STUDY)
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; TOBACCO-SMOKE; CHILDREN;
   CHILDHOOD; ILLNESS; WOMEN
AB The association between passive exposure to tobacco smoke and respiratory symptoms was examined in a sample of 4,197 never-smoking adults. They constituted the never-smoking subsample of a random sample of 9,651 adults (age, 18 to 60 yr) in eight areas in Switzerland. Information on passive smoking exposure and standardized questions on respiratory symptoms were obtained via a questionnaire administered by trained examiners. After controlling for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), study area, atopy, and parental and sibling history, passive smoking exposure was associated with an elevated risk of wheezing apart from colds (odds ratio [OR] = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.39 to 2.70), an elevated risk of bronchitis symptoms (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.17 to 2.15), an elevated risk of symptoms of chronic bronchitis (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.28 to 2.16), an elevated risk of dyspnea (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.20 to 1.76), and an elevated risk of physician diagnosed asthma (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.86). It was not associated with any increased risk of allergic rhinitis including hayfever. Adding a variable for low educational level, excluding subjects whose mother ever smoked or subjects with end-expiratory CO levels greater than or equal to 7 ppm, and controlling for paternal smoking during childhood or occupational exposure had little impact on the association. The association of passive smoking exposure with dyspnea, wheeze, and asthma showed evidence of a dose-dependent increase with hours per day of exposure, whereas association with symptoms of bronchitis was stronger with years of exposure. A gradient of risk of chronic bronchitis was also seen by categories of years of exposure. Workplace exposure further increased the risk of wheezing apart from colds, dyspnea, and chronic bronchitis symptoms.
C1 UNIV LAUSANNE,DIV PNEUMOL,LAUSANNE,SWITZERLAND.
   US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC.
   HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,BOSTON,MA.
   UNIV BASEL,INST SOCIAL & PREVENT MED,BASEL,SWITZERLAND.
RI Martin, Brian/H-3241-2012; Schindler, Christian/D-3472-2015; Kunzli,
   Nino/F-7195-2014
OI Kunzli, Nino/0000-0001-8360-080X
NR 20
TC 166
Z9 168
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 150
IS 5
BP 1222
EP 1228
PG 7
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA PR664
UT WOS:A1994PR66400003
PM 7952544
ER

PT J
AU SCHWARTZ, J
   DOCKERY, DW
   NEAS, LM
   WYPIJ, D
   WARE, JH
   SPENGLER, JD
   KOUTRAKIS, P
   SPEIZER, FE
   FERRIS, BG
AF SCHWARTZ, J
   DOCKERY, DW
   NEAS, LM
   WYPIJ, D
   WARE, JH
   SPENGLER, JD
   KOUTRAKIS, P
   SPEIZER, FE
   FERRIS, BG
TI ACUTE EFFECTS OF SUMMER AIR-POLLUTION ON RESPIRATORY SYMPTOM REPORTING
   IN CHILDREN
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID EMERGENCY ROOM VISITS; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; LONGITUDINAL
   DATA-ANALYSIS; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; DAILY MORTALITY; HOSPITAL
   ADMISSIONS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; PM10 POLLUTION; ACID AEROSOLS; UTAH VALLEY
AB A daily diary of respiratory symptoms was collected from the parents of 1,844 school children in six U.S. cities to study the association between ambient air pollution exposures and respiratory illness. A cohort of approximately 300 elementary school children in each of six communities were asked to keep a daily log of the study child's respiratory symptoms for one year. Daily measurements of ambient sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, inhalable particles (PM(10)), respirable particles (PM(2.5)), light scattering, and sulfate particles were made, along with integrated 24-h measures of aerosol strong acidity. The analyses were limited to the five warm season months between April and August, Significant associations were found between incidence of coughing symptoms and incidence of lower respiratory symptoms and PM(10), and a marginally significant association between upper respiratory symptoms and PM(10). There was no evidence that other measures of particulate pollution including aerosol acidity were preferable to PM(10) in predicting incidence of respiratory symptoms. Significant associations in single pollutant models were also found between sulfur dioxide or ozone and incidence of cough, and between sulfur dioxide and incidence of lower respiratory symptoms. A change in 24-h PM(10) concentration from 20 to 50 mu g/m(3) was associated with a relative odds of 1.53 (95% CI 1.20-1.95) for the incidence of lower respiratory symptoms, a relative odds of 1.22 (95% CI 1.03-1.45) for the incidence of coughing, and a relative odds of 1.22 (95% CI 0.98-1.52) for the incidence of upper respiratory symptoms. A change in 24-h ozone concentration of 30 parts per billion (ppb) was associated with a relative odds of 1.22 (95% CI 0.96-1.49) for the incidence of coughing. The relationship between ozone and incidence of cough was independent of other pollutants. However, the relationship between sulfur dioxide and incidence of lower respiratory symptoms appeared to derive only from a few influential observations, and could be confounded by PM(10). Aerosol acidity was not associated with the incidence of any respiratory symptom. The highest daily PM(10) concentration was 117 mu g/m(3) during the study, indicating that these relationships occurred at concentrations below the ambient air quality standard.
C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,BOSTON,MA 02115.
   HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02115.
   US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC.
   HARVARD UNIV,BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,CHANNING LAB,BOSTON,MA.
RI Neas, Lucas/J-9378-2012
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-0002, ES-01108]
NR 51
TC 143
Z9 148
U1 2
U2 18
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 150
IS 5
BP 1234
EP 1242
PG 9
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA PR664
UT WOS:A1994PR66400005
PM 7952546
ER

PT J
AU DINH, KT
   NGUYEN, TT
AF DINH, KT
   NGUYEN, TT
TI MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATORS OF BINOMIAL PARAMETERS UNDER AN ORDER
   RESTRICTION (VOL 48, PG 29, 1994)
SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN
LA English
DT Correction, Addition
C1 BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH & STAT,BOWLING GREEN,OH 43403.
RP DINH, KT (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER STATIST ASSN
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314
SN 0003-1305
J9 AM STAT
JI Am. Stat.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 48
IS 4
BP 354
EP 354
DI 10.2307/2684858
PG 1
WC Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematics
GA QF539
UT WOS:A1994QF53900027
ER

PT J
AU HO, JS
   BUDDE, WL
AF HO, JS
   BUDDE, WL
TI INVESTIGATION OF THE NATURAL PESTICIDE ROTENONE IN WATER USING
   LIQUID-SOLID DISK EXTRACTION, SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID ELUTION, AND
   LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY PARTICLE-BEAM MASS-SPECTROMETRY
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTIMIZATION
AB The natural product pesticide rotenone was applied to Ohio River water in several locks during fish population and species diversity studies. An analytical method was developed to monitor the rotenone concentration for this and other potential applications, The analytical method development included sample preservation studies, Liquid-solid extraction using C-18- silica extraction disks, elution from the disks with acetonitrile-modified supercritical carbon dioxide, and Liquid chromatography/particle beam mass spectrometry. Measured concentrations of rotenone in the lock water samples were in reasonable agreement with concentrations estimated from the dosing conditions. Upon release of lock water into the lower river, the rotenone concentration was reduced to below the analytical detection limits.
C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
NR 10
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD NOV 1
PY 1994
VL 66
IS 21
BP 3716
EP 3722
DI 10.1021/ac00093a028
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA PP235
UT WOS:A1994PP23500030
ER

PT J
AU LIU, Y
   LOPEZAVILA, V
   ALCARAZ, M
   BECKERT, WF
AF LIU, Y
   LOPEZAVILA, V
   ALCARAZ, M
   BECKERT, WF
TI OFF-LINE COMPLEXATION SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION AND
   GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH ATOMIC-EMISSION DETECTION FOR THE DETERMINATION
   AND SPECIATION OF ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS IN SOILS AND SEDIMENTS
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; HYDRIDE GENERATION; SPECTROMETRY; TIN
AB As part of an ongoing evaluation of new sample preparation methods conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Las Vegas, especially those that minimize waste solvent generation, we have developed and evaluated an off-line complexation/supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method for 13 organotin compounds. Soil or sediment samples, amended with a complexing agent (diethylammonium diethyldithiocarbamate), were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide modified with 5% methanol at 450 atm/60 degrees C, 20 min static, followed by 30 min dynamic. The extracted material was treated with pentylmagnesium bromide to convert the ionic organotin compounds into their neutral derivatives, which are amenable to gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (CC-ALL). The GC-AED technique presented here exhibited good linearity between 2.5 and 2500 ng/mL (as Sn), the retention time reproducibility was better than 0.02%, and the AED response reproducibility was better than 2%. The instrument detection limits were approximately 1 ng/mL (as Sn) per compound; this corresponds to approximately 0.2 ng of compound/g of sample when a 5-g sample is extracted and the final extract volume is 1.0 mt. Several variables affecting the extraction (i.e., extraction fluid composition, pressure, temperature, extraction time, water content, and concentration of the complexing agent) were investigated. The results indicate that carbon dioxide modified with 5% methanol is a better extraction fluid than carbon dioxide alone, and the recoveries of organotin compounds increased when the pressure was increased from 150 to 450 atm, the sample water content was reduced from 18 to 3%, and the dynamic extraction time was increased from 15 to 30 min. Increasing the temperature from 60 to 100 degrees C did not affect recoveries; the use of the complexing agent was needed to achieve high recoveries of the ionic organotin compounds. Monoalkyltin species, however, could not be recovered even in the presence of the complexing agent. Single-laboratory evaluation data, which were obtained from two SFE systems (one performing collection of the extracted material by sparging through a solvent and the other by deposition of the analytes on an octadecyl-bonded silica sorbent trap) on five soil and sediment samples, gave recoveries of >75% on the SFE/solvent system for all tri- and tetrasubstituted organotin compounds and for almost half of the disubstituted organotin compounds; some of the recoveries were lower on the SFE/sorbent system.
C1 CALIF OPERAT,MIDWEST RES INST,MT VIEW,CA 94043.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119.
NR 24
TC 75
Z9 84
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD NOV 1
PY 1994
VL 66
IS 21
BP 3788
EP 3796
DI 10.1021/ac00093a040
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA PP235
UT WOS:A1994PP23500042
ER

PT J
AU NAZARET, S
   JEFFREY, WH
   SAOUTER, E
   VONHAVEN, R
   BARKAY, T
AF NAZARET, S
   JEFFREY, WH
   SAOUTER, E
   VONHAVEN, R
   BARKAY, T
TI MERA GENE-EXPRESSION IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS MEASURED BY MESSENGER-RNA
   PRODUCTION AND HG(II) VOLATILIZATION
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MERCURY-RESISTANCE GENES; MESSENGER-RNA; GLUTATHIONE-REDUCTASE;
   MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; TRANSPOSON TN501; NATURAL-WATERS; BACTERIA; DNA;
   SEQUENCE; METAL
AB The relationship of merA gene expression (specifying the enzyme mercuric reductase) to mercury volatilization in aquatic microbial communities was investigated with samples collected at a mercury-contaminated freshwater pond, Reality Lake, in Oak Ridge, Tenn. Levels of merA mRNA transcripts and the rate of inorganic mercury [Hg(II)] volatilization were related to the concentration of mercury in the water and td heterotrophic activity in field samples and laboratory incubations of pond water in which microbial heterotrophic activity and Hg(II) concentration were manipulated. Levels of merA-specific mRNA and Hg(II) volatilization were influenced more by microbial metabolic activity than by the concentration of mercury. merA-specific transcripts were detected in some samples which did not reduce Hg(II), suggesting that rates of mercury volatilization in environmental samples may not always be proportional to merA expression.
C1 US EPA,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561.
   UNIV LYON 1,ECOL MICROBIENNE SOL LAB,CNRS,URA 1450,F-69622 VILLEURBANNE,FRANCE.
   UNIV W FLORIDA,CTR ENVIRONM DIAGNOST & BIOREMEDIAT,PENSACOLA,FL 32514.
NR 48
TC 54
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 60
IS 11
BP 4059
EP 4065
PG 7
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA PP139
UT WOS:A1994PP13900024
PM 7527625
ER

PT J
AU KROER, N
   JORGENSEN, NOG
   COFFIN, RB
AF KROER, N
   JORGENSEN, NOG
   COFFIN, RB
TI UTILIZATION OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN BY HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIOPLANKTON - A
   COMPARISON OF 3 ECOSYSTEMS
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FREE AMINO-ACIDS; MARINE-BACTERIA; ORGANIC NITROGEN; AMMONIUM
   REGENERATION; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS; ESTUARINE BACTERIA; GROWTH
   EFFICIENCY; EXTRACELLULAR DNA; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; CARBON
AB The contributions of different organic and inorganic nitrogen and organic carbon sources to heterotrophic bacterioplankton in batch cultures of oceanic, estuarine, and eutrophic riverine environments were compared. The importance of the studied compounds was surprisingly similar among the three ecosystems. Dissolved combined amino acids (DCAA) were most significant, sustaining from 10 to 45% of the bacterial carbon demands and from 42 to 112% of the bacterial nitrogen demands. Dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) supplied 2 to 7% of the carbon and 6 to 24% of the nitrogen incorporated into the bacterial biomass, while dissolved DNA (D-DNA) sustained less than 5 and 12% of the carbon and nitrogen requirements, respectively. Ammonium was the second most important source of nitrogen, meeting from 13 to 45% of the bacterial demand in the oceanic and estuarine cultures and up to 270% of the demand in riverine cultures. Nitrate was taken up in the oceanic cultures (uptake equaled up to 46% of the nitrogen demand) but was released in the two others. Assimilation of DCAA, DFAA, and D-DNA combined supplied 43% of the carbon demand of the bacteria in the oceanic cultures, while approximately 25% of the carbon requirements were met by the three substrates at the two other sites. Assimilation of nitrogen from DCAA, DFAA, D-DNA, NH4+, and NO3-, on the other hand, exceeded production of particulate organic nitrogen in one culture at 27 h and in all cultures over the entire incubation period (50 h). These results suggest that the studied nutrient sources may fully support the nitrogen needs but only partially support the carbon needs of microbial communities of geographically different ecosystems. Furthermore, a comparison of the initial concentrations of the different substrates indicated that relative pool sizes of the substrates seemed to influence which substrates were primarily being utilized by the bacteria.
C1 ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DEPT ECOL & MOLEC BIOL,MICROBIOL SECT,DK-1958 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561.
RP KROER, N (reprint author), NATL ENVIRONM RES INST,DEPT MARINE ECOL & MICROBIOL,FREDERIKSBORGVEJ 399,DK-4000 ROSKILDE,DENMARK.
RI Jorgensen, Niels/G-4176-2014; Kroer, NIels/D-3356-2015
OI Jorgensen, Niels/0000-0002-3554-6906; 
NR 41
TC 69
Z9 69
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 60
IS 11
BP 4116
EP 4123
PG 8
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA PP139
UT WOS:A1994PP13900033
PM 16349439
ER

PT J
AU JORGENSEN, NOG
   KROER, N
   COFFIN, RB
AF JORGENSEN, NOG
   KROER, N
   COFFIN, RB
TI UTILIZATION OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN BY HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIOPLANKTON -
   EFFECT OF SUBSTRATE C/N RATIO
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID COMBINED AMINO-ACIDS; MARINE-BACTERIA; AMMONIUM REGENERATION; GROWTH
   EFFICIENCY; CARBON; DNA; SEAWATER; RATES
AB The significance of dissolved combined amino acids (DCAA), dissolved free amino acids (DFAA), and dissolved DNA (D-DNA) as sources of C and N for marine bacteria in batch cultures with variable substrate C/N ratios was studied. Glucose, ammonium, alanine, and phosphate were added to the cultures to produce C/N ratios of 5, 10, and 15 and to ensure that phosphorus was not limiting. Maximum bacterial particulate organic carbon production (after 25 h of incubation) was inversely correlated with the C/N ratio: with the addition of identical amounts of carbon, the levels of production were 9.0-, 10.0-, and 11.1-fold higher at C/N ratios of 15, 10, and 5, respectively, relative to an unamended control. The bacterial growth efficiency increased from 22% (control cultures) to 44 to 53% in the cultures with manipulated C/N ratios (C/N-manipulated cultures). Net carbon incorporation from DCAA, DFAA, and D-DNA supported on average 19, 4, and 3% (control cultures and cultures to which only phosphate was added [+P cultures]) and 5, 4, and 0.3% of the particulate organic carbon production (C/N-manipulated cultures), respectively. In the C/N-manipulated cultures, a 2.6- to 3.4-fold-higher level of incorporation of DCAA, relative to that in the control cultures, occurred. Incorporation of D-DNA increased with the substrate C/N ratio, suggesting that D-DNA mainly was a source of N to the bacteria. Organic N (DCAA, DFAA, and D-DNA) sustained 14 to 49% of the net bacterial N production. NH4+ was the dominant N source and constituted 55 to 99% of the total N uptake. NO3- contributed up to 23% to the total N uptake but was released in two cultures. The studied N compounds sustained nearly all of the bacterial N demand. Our results show that the C/N ratio of dissolved organic matter available to bacteria has a significant influence on the incorporation of individual compounds like DCAA and D-DNA.
C1 ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DEPT ECOL & MOLEC BIOL,MICROBIOL SECT,DK-1958 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK.
   NATL ENVIRONM RES INST,DEPT MARINE ECOL & MICROBIOL,DK-4000 ROSKILDE,DENMARK.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561.
RI Jorgensen, Niels/G-4176-2014; Kroer, NIels/D-3356-2015
OI Jorgensen, Niels/0000-0002-3554-6906; 
NR 29
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 60
IS 11
BP 4124
EP 4133
PG 10
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA PP139
UT WOS:A1994PP13900034
PM 16349440
ER

PT J
AU KONG, IC
   HUBBARD, JS
   JONES, WJ
AF KONG, IC
   HUBBARD, JS
   JONES, WJ
TI METAL-INDUCED INHIBITION OF ANAEROBIC METABOLISM OF VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS
   AND HYDROGEN
SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HEAVY-METALS; WASTE-WATER; DIGESTION; SLUDGE; METHANOGENESIS;
   DEGRADATION; TOXICITY; CHROMIUM; REACTORS
AB The effects of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) on the biotransformation of organic acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate) and H-2 were assessed in serum-bottle microcosms. Experiments were performed over a range of metal concentrations (20-200 mg/l) using biomass from an anaerobic bioreactor fed continuously with ethanol distillery waste as inoculum. In general, the added metals inhibited the biotransformation of organic acids with increasing metal concentration. However, the extent of inhibition varied for the different biotransformations and for the different metals tested. For example, the concentration of CuCl2 effecting a 50% reduction in the rate constant for biotransformation of acetate, propionate and butyrate was 60, 75 and 30 mg/l, respectively. Cu and Cr (VI) were the most inhibitory metals in organic acid transformation, whereas Pb was the least toxic. The rate of biotransformation of acetate was reduced by half at Cu and Cr concentrations of 60 and 40 mg/l respectively, whereas Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations of 160 to 200 mg/l had little effect. The activities of hydrogenotrophic methanogens were much less affected by the same metals and metal concentrations.
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605.
   GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30332.
NR 31
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 18
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0175-7598
J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT
JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 42
IS 2-3
BP 396
EP 402
PG 7
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA PW483
UT WOS:A1994PW48300034
PM 7765780
ER

PT J
AU COLLETTE, TW
   SZLADOW, AJ
AF COLLETTE, TW
   SZLADOW, AJ
TI USE OF ROUGH SETS AND SPECTRAL DATA FOR BUILDING PREDICTIVE MODELS OF
   REACTION-RATE CONSTANTS
SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE IR SPECTROSCOPY; ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS; ROUGH SETS
ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION; SPECTROSCOPY
AB A model for predicting the log of the rate constants for alkaline hydrolysis of organic esters has been developed with the use of gas-phase midinfrared library spectra and a rule-building software system based on the mathematical theory of rough sets. A diverse set of 41 esters was used as training compounds. The model is an advance in the development of a generalized system for predicting environmentally important reactivity parameters based on spectroscopic data. By comparison to a previously developed model using the same training set with multiple linear regression (MLR), the rough-sets model provided better predictive power, was more widely applicable, and required less spectral data manipulation. [For the previous MLR model, a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.59 was calculated for 88% of the training set data under leave-one-out cross-validation. In the present study using rough sets, an SEP of 0.52 was calculated for 95% of the data set.] More importantly, analysis of the decision rules generated by rough-sets analysis can lead to a better understanding of both the reaction process under study and important trends in the spectral data, as well as underlying relationships between the two.
C1 REDUCT SYST INC,REGINA S4P 3L7,SK,CANADA.
RP COLLETTE, TW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA.
NR 17
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
PI FREDERICK
PA PO BOX 1438, FREDERICK, MD 21701
SN 0003-7028
J9 APPL SPECTROSC
JI Appl. Spectrosc.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 48
IS 11
BP 1379
EP 1386
DI 10.1366/0003702944028047
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy
GA PW171
UT WOS:A1994PW17100014
ER

PT J
AU ANKLEY, GT
   SCHUBAUERBERIGAN, MK
AF ANKLEY, GT
   SCHUBAUERBERIGAN, MK
TI COMPARISON OF TECHNIQUES FOR THE ISOLATION OF SEDIMENT PORE-WATER FOR
   TOXICITY TESTING
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID QUALITY CRITERIA; IDENTIFICATION EVALUATIONS; INTERSTITIAL WATER;
   ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; METALS; MIXTURES; AMMONIA; RIVER; BAY
AB The objective of this study was to define an interstitial (pore) water isolation technique suitable for sediment toxicity testing and toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) research. Pore water was prepared from sediments collected at two freshwater sites (Saginaw River, Keweenaw Waterway) using four or five different techniques, and the samples were compared with respect to toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia and several inorganic chemical parameters. Methods evaluated were: high speed(10,000 x g) and low speed (2,500 x g) centrifugation, syringe extraction, compression,and dialysis. Both high speed and low speed centrifugation resulted in adequate volumes of pore water for routine testing with relatively minimal effort, while the other three techniques were labor intensive and/or yielded small quantities of pore water. Filtration of samples either during preparation (syringe-extraction, compression) or subsequent to initial isolation (centrifuged samples) resulted in significant losses of toxicity, apparently due to the adsorption of contaminants onto the filter or particles retained by the filter. Low speed centrifugation generally resulted in much higher metal concentrations than the other four techniques. However, compared to samples prepared by high speed centrifugation or dialysis, a relatively high proportion of the metals in pore water isolated by low speed centrifugation were biologically unavailable, as inferred from the results of the toxicity tests. Based on these studies, as well as the work of others, we recommend that sediment pore water for toxicity testing and/or TIE analyses be prepared by centrifugation (preferably at 10,000 x g) without subsequent filtration.
C1 MINNESOTA POLLUT CONTROL AGCY,DULUTH,MN 55802.
RP ANKLEY, GT (reprint author), US EPA,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA.
RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009
OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X
NR 38
TC 39
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 14
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 27
IS 4
BP 507
EP 512
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA PP458
UT WOS:A1994PP45800010
ER

PT J
AU BENNETT, RS
   EDGE, WD
   GRIFFIS, WL
   MATZ, AC
   WOLFF, JO
   GANIO, LM
AF BENNETT, RS
   EDGE, WD
   GRIFFIS, WL
   MATZ, AC
   WOLFF, JO
   GANIO, LM
TI TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION OF AZINPHOS-METHYL APPLIED TO ALFALFA
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency uses a simple exposure nomogram to make preliminary assessments of the pesticide residues concentrations on foods of terrestrial wildlife. This study was conducted to measure the spatial and temporal distribution of the organophosphorus insecticide azinphos-methyl (Guthion (R) 2S) in a dense alfalfa crop to evaluate the assumptions used in this nomogram and to determine the influences of application rate and spatial distribution of residues on the potential dietary exposure to herbivores. Concentrations of azinphos-methyl were measured on spray cards, soil, and alfalfa plants (top 15 cm and bottom 15 cm) on plots treated at 0, 0.77, 1.55, 3.11, and 4.67 kg active ingredient/ha (4 enclosures/treatment) at 2 h and 2, 6, 14 and 28 days after application. Although the concentrations measured on spray cards were very close to predicted, the concentrations on alfalfa canopy vegetation were higher than expected from the nomogram and increased at a faster rate with increasing application rate than expected. Concentrations were 1.5-2.4 times higher in the alfalfa canopy than on alfalfa near soil level. Variability among alfalfa samples within treatments was high, with part of the variation in canopy samples explained by the distance to the end of the spray boom. Only 16-32% of pesticide reached the soil surface. The calculated half-life of azinophos-methyl was 2.5-4.5 days on vegetation and 19.3 days on soil. Dietary exposure to small herbivores would be expected to exceed nomogram predictions, but be highly variable for individuals due to the patchy nature of the pesticide distribution.
C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,CORVALLIS,OR 97331.
   WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV,INST ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM,BELLINGHAM,WA 98225.
   US EPA,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333.
RP BENNETT, RS (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA.
NR 9
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 27
IS 4
BP 534
EP 540
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA PP458
UT WOS:A1994PP45800014
ER

PT J
AU LEWIS, DR
   POTTERN, LM
   BROWN, LM
   SILVERMAN, DT
   HAYES, RB
   SCHOENBERG, JB
   GREENBERG, RS
   SWANSON, GM
   SCHWARTZ, AG
   LIFF, JM
   HOOVER, RN
AF LEWIS, DR
   POTTERN, LM
   BROWN, LM
   SILVERMAN, DT
   HAYES, RB
   SCHOENBERG, JB
   GREENBERG, RS
   SWANSON, GM
   SCHWARTZ, AG
   LIFF, JM
   HOOVER, RN
TI MULTIPLE-MYELOMA AMONG BLACKS AND WHITES IN THE UNITED-STATES - THE ROLE
   OF CHRONIC ANTIGENIC-STIMULATION
SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL
LA English
DT Article
DE ANTIGENIC STIMULATION; CASE-CONTROL STUDY; ETIOLOGY; MULTIPLE MYELOMA;
   RACE; UNITED-STATES
AB Multiple myeloma (MM) is twice as common among Blacks than Whites in the United States.  The reasons for this racial disparity are unknown, and the etiology of this cancer, in general, is poorly understood.  Repeated or chronic antigenic stimulation (CAS) of the immune system has been suggested as a risk factor.  Previous case-control studies have reported inconsistent CAS associations based on evaluations of individual and biologic categories of medical conditions.  Interview data from 573 cases and 2,131 population-based controls were used to investigate further the CAS hypothesis using an immunologically based approach, and to determine whether CAS accounts for the excess of myeloma among Blacks.  Over 50 medical conditions were grouped into biologically and immunologically related categories, and B-cell- and T-cell-mediated response groups.  Except for urinary tract infections among Black men (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0), no significantly increased risks of MM were observed.  However, there was a suggestion of increased risk among Blacks with an increased exposure to anaphylactic conditions.  Analysis by immunoglobulin type revealed significantly elevated risks of IgG myeloma with eczema (OR = 2.1), the biologic category 'allergic conditions' (OR = 1.6), and the immunologic category 'anaphylaxis response' (OR = 1.6) among Whites, with Blacks having slightly lower risks.  Our findings do not support a causal relationship between CAS and MM, nor do they explain the higher incidence among Blacks.
C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,CHAPEL HILL,NC.
FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CN-0522, N01-CP-51089, N01-CP-51090]
NR 0
TC 42
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 0
PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS
PI LONDON
PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH
SN 0957-5243
J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL
JI Cancer Causes Control
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 5
IS 6
BP 529
EP 539
DI 10.1007/BF01831381
PG 11
WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA PU328
UT WOS:A1994PU32800006
PM 7827240
ER

PT J
AU DRAGAN, YP
   CAMPBELL, HA
   BAKER, K
   VAUGHAN, J
   MASS, M
   PITOT, HC
AF DRAGAN, YP
   CAMPBELL, HA
   BAKER, K
   VAUGHAN, J
   MASS, M
   PITOT, HC
TI FOCAL AND NONFOCAL HEPATIC EXPRESSION OF PLACENTAL
   GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE IN CARCINOGEN-TREATED RATS
SO CARCINOGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMICAL HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; ALTERED FOCI; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATORS;
   PHENOBARBITAL PROMOTION; POSITIVE HEPATOCYTES; INITIATION-PROMOTION;
   FISCHER-344 RATS; BIOASSAY SYSTEM; LIVER-TUMORS; CELL FOCI
AB Carcinogenesis develops in stages that have been operationally defined as initiation, promotion and progression. Although morphological end points have been described for detection and quantitation of these stages, to date initiation has been assessed only in the context of clonal growth in response to certain promoting agents. Initiated cells are morphologically indistinguishable from surrounding cells and early changes at the cellular level during initiation have not been clarified. One commonly used end point for the detection of preneoplastic hepatic lesions is their aberrant expression of the placental isozyme of glutathione S-transferase (PGST). Because single hepatocytes expressing PGST have been detected in aged rats and in those administered hepatocarcinogens, it has been suggested that such cells constitute a population of putatively initiated hepatocytes. In order to further elucidate the characteristics of single PGST-positive hepatocytes, we analyzed the number of these cells 2 and 18 weeks after various doses (0-100 mg/kg) of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and of dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMA). When determined 14 days after carcinogen administration, the number of single hepatocytes expressing PGST was greater after DEN administration (ranging from 0.8+/-0.3 per cm(2) transection of liver at 1 mg/kg to 33.0+/-4.7 at 100 mg/kg) than after DMBA administration (ranging from 0.25+/-0.14 at 10 mg/kg to 3.03+/-0.5 at 100 mg/kg); none were detected in control rats of the same age. Additional rats were maintained on a basal diet or a basal diet plus phenobarbital for a further 4 month period. Whereas individual PGST-positive hepatocytes were only sporadically detected in rats treated with DMBA and maintained on a basal diet for 18 weeks, those rats placed on phenobarbital for 16 weeks had an even higher number of such PGST-positive hepatocytes than at 2 weeks after DMBA administration. In contrast, the dose-response curve observed for DEN-treated rats 18 weeks after carcinogen administration was similar to that observed 2 weeks after carcinogen treatment for both phenobarbital-and non-phenobarbital-treated rats. In addition, the number of single PGST-positive hepatocytes detected at 2 weeks was directly parallel to the number of altered hepatic foci expressing PGST 18 weeks after DEN administration. The dose-dependent induction of PGST-positive single hepatocytes after treatment with two hepatocarcinogens, the dose-dependent growth of altered hepatic foci (AHF) expressing PGST with phenobarbital administration and the parallel dose-response curve of single hepatocytes expressing PGST and later of AHF expressing PGST argue strongly for a precursor role of single PGST-positive cells in the development of AHF expressing PGST.
C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,MCARDLE LAB CANC RES,MADISON,WI 53706.
   US EPA,GENET TOXICOL & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-45700, CA-22484, CA-07175]
NR 47
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 1
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM
PI OXFORD
PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP
SN 0143-3334
J9 CARCINOGENESIS
JI Carcinogenesis
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 11
BP 2587
EP 2591
DI 10.1093/carcin/15.11.2587
PG 5
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA PT041
UT WOS:A1994PT04100028
PM 7955110
ER

PT J
AU YOU, L
   WANG, D
   GALATI, AJ
   ROSS, JA
   MASS, MJ
   NELSON, GB
   WILSON, KH
   AMIN, S
   STONER, JC
   NESNOW, S
   STONER, GD
AF YOU, L
   WANG, D
   GALATI, AJ
   ROSS, JA
   MASS, MJ
   NELSON, GB
   WILSON, KH
   AMIN, S
   STONER, JC
   NESNOW, S
   STONER, GD
TI TUMOR MULTIPLICITY, DNA-ADDUCTS AND K-RAS MUTATION PATTERN OF
   5-METHYLCHRYSENE IN STRAIN A/J MOUSE LUNG
SO CARCINOGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; N-NITROSOUREA; CELLS; GENE;
   (+/-)-7-BETA,8-ALPHA-DIHYDROXY-9-ALPHA,10-ALPHA-EPOXY-7,8,9,10-TETRAHYDR
   OBENZO<.; BENZO<A>PYRENE; PROTOONCOGENE; SPECIFICITY; DIHYDRODIOL;
   ONCOGENES
AB This study was undertaken to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of 5-methylchrysene (5-MeC) in strain A/J mouse lung and to correlate the 5-MeC-DNA adduct profile in lung tissue with the mutation spectrum in the K-ras gene of lung tumors. Strain A/J mice received a single i.p. injection of 5-MeC at doses of 10, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg and after 24, 48 and 72 h their lungs were collected for DNA adduct analysis. Eight months later, lungs from the remaining mice were harvested and the lung tumors counted and collected for subsequent mutational analysis of the K-ras gene. 5-MeC was found to be a potent lung carcinogen in strain A/J mice, inducing more than 100 tumors/mouse at a concentration of 200 mg/kg. Six 5-MeC-DNA adducts were observed; one adduct comigrated with the standard Nz-deoxyguanosine adduct of 5-MeC-diol-epoxide I [1R,2S,3S-trihydroxy-4R-(N-2-deoxyguanosyl-3' -phosphate)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5-methyl-chrysene], derived from the bay-region diol-epoxide of 5-MeC. DNAs isolated from 5-MeC-induced lung tumors were evaluated for activating mutations in the K-ras gene by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism and direct DNA sequencing analysis. Mutations were detected in 44 of 49 (90%) 5-MeC-induced tumors and the mutations were GGT-->TGT (50%), GGT-->GTT (23%) and GGT-->CGT (27%) in codon 12 of the gene. These results suggest that the N-2-deoxyguanosine adduct of 5-MeC-diol-epoxide I may be one of the promutagenic adducts of 5-MeC in strain A/J mouse lung.
C1 MED COLL OHIO,DEPT PATHOL,TOLEDO,OH 43699.
   US EPA,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PREVENT MED,COLUMBUS,OH 43210.
   INTEGRATED LAB SYST INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   AMER HLTH FDN,VALHALLA,NY 10595.
RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010
OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548
FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-44377]
NR 31
TC 26
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM
PI OXFORD
PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP
SN 0143-3334
J9 CARCINOGENESIS
JI Carcinogenesis
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 11
BP 2613
EP 2618
DI 10.1093/carcin/15.11.2613
PG 6
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA PT041
UT WOS:A1994PT04100032
PM 7955114
ER

PT J
AU WENDT, RG
   MOSHIER, WC
   SHAW, B
   MILLER, P
   OLSON, DL
AF WENDT, RG
   MOSHIER, WC
   SHAW, B
   MILLER, P
   OLSON, DL
TI CORROSION-RESISTANT ALUMINUM-MATRIX FOR GRAPHITE ALUMINUM COMPOSITES
SO CORROSION
LA English
DT Article
DE ALLOYING; ALUMINUM; COMPOSITES; GALVANIC COUPLING GRAPHITE; METAL MATRIX
   COMPOSITES MOLYBDENUM; POTENTIODYNAMIC POLARIZATION
ID ALLOYS; FILMS; MOLYBDENUM; CHLORIDE
AB Graphite-aluminum (Gr-Al) metal matrix composites (MMC) possess several attractive mechanical and thermal properties, but use of these materials has been limited, partly because they are extremely susceptible to corrosion. Corrosion-resistant Al alloys that contained nonequilibrium concentrations of molybdenum (Mo) were developed as the matrix for Gr-Al composites using co-sputter deposition. Corrosion testing included potentiodynamic polarization and galvanic coupling of as-sputtered (AS) and heat-treated (HT) alloys. Polarization behavior of the AS and HT alloys measured in sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions was improved greatly over that of pure Al and traditional Gr-Al matrix alloys such as type 6061 Al (UNS A96061). Galvanic current density values for as-deposited and HT Al-18% Mo and Al-23% Mo alloys coupled to equal areas of pitch-based graphite from Amoco P75 Gr fibers were found to be up to 3 orders of magnitude lower than for pure sputtered Al-to-Gr couples. Galvanic diagrams for the Al-Mo alloys indicated corrosion was controlled by the anodic reaction irrespective of the cathode-to-anode area ratio.
C1 PENN STATE UNIV,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802.
   US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
   COLORADO SCH MINES,GOLDEN,CO 80401.
RP WENDT, RG (reprint author), MARTIN MARIETTA ASTRONAUT GRP,POB 179,DENVER,CO 80201, USA.
NR 15
TC 19
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 1
PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG
PI HOUSTON
PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906
SN 0010-9312
J9 CORROSION
JI Corrosion
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 11
BP 819
EP 826
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA PU024
UT WOS:A1994PU02400001
ER

PT J
AU PORTEOUS, LA
   ARMSTRONG, JL
   SEIDLER, RJ
   WATRUD, LS
AF PORTEOUS, LA
   ARMSTRONG, JL
   SEIDLER, RJ
   WATRUD, LS
TI AN EFFECTIVE METHOD TO EXTRACT DNA FROM ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES FOR
   POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AMPLIFICATION AND DNA FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS
SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RAPID METHOD; PLANT-TISSUES; SOIL; BACTERIA; RNA; SEQUENCES; SEDIMENTS;
   RECOVERY
AB A rapid direct-extraction method was used to obtain DNA from environmental soil samples. Heat, enzymes, and guanidine isothiocyanate were utilized to lyse cells. The DNA was purified by agarose gel electrophoresis, amplified with 16S rRNA-based primers by use of the polymerase chain reaction, and then digested with the restriction endonuclease PalI. The extraction method was used to obtain DNA from a variety of plants, bacteria, and fungi including Gossypium hirsucum (cotton), Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Streptomyces, and Colletotrichum. Up to 100 mu g DNA/g (wet weight) of soil and 400 mu g DNA/g of plant material were recovered. Restriction endonuclease analysis patterns of amplified rDNA from pure microbial cultures and plant species contained three to five different DNA fragments. Amplified rDNA of mixed population DNA extracts from soil samples, digested with the restriction endonuclease PalI, contained 12-20 DNA fragments, appearing as sample ''fingerprints.'' Results from eight environmental soil samples that were analyzed suggest that the amplified rDNA fingerprints can be used to help characterize the genetic and biological diversity of the microbial populations in these samples.
RP PORTEOUS, LA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,BIOTECHNOL PROGRAM,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA.
NR 25
TC 66
Z9 78
U1 1
U2 15
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0343-8651
J9 CURR MICROBIOL
JI Curr. Microbiol.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 29
IS 5
BP 301
EP 307
DI 10.1007/BF01577445
PG 7
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA PH997
UT WOS:A1994PH99700010
PM 7765420
ER

PT J
AU WEST, CC
   LYON, WG
   ROSS, DL
   PENNINGTON, LK
AF WEST, CC
   LYON, WG
   ROSS, DL
   PENNINGTON, LK
TI INVESTIGATION OF VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION AND MORPHOLOGY OF INDIGENOUS
   ORGANIC-MATTER AT SLEEPING BEAR SITE, MICHIGAN
SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ORGANIC MATTER; SPODOSOLS; HUMIC MATERIAL; GLACIAL TILL
ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; SORPTION; SOILS; CARBON; HYDROCARBONS; ADSORPTION;
   AQUIFER; WATER; ACIDS; SEDIMENTS
AB This study evaluates the nature and origin of particulate organic carbon and organic coatings on aquifer sands upgradient from a fuel spill site near the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore in Michigan.  The distribution of carbon was found to be highly complex due to the occurrence of high organic carbon horizons, bounded above and below by high carbonate sediments.  The organic coatings on the sands were examined using white light and fluorescence microscopy and by scanning electron microscopy.  Core samples were analyzed for organic and inorganic carbon, solution pH, humic/fulvic acid ratios, and insoluble organic matter content (that is, humin) as a function of depth from the ground surface.  The organic geochemistry of the soil profile at this site was found to be significantly influenced by the carbonates producing a sharp boundary of precipitated organic matter.  This boundary was followed by coatings of predominantly fulvic acid salts on mineral grains deeper in the soil column.  The coatings extended into the aquifer.  The existence of native organic films on sand grains is well documented in the soils literature.  The study reported here was greatly aided by this information and provides the framework for future studies concerning the influence of carbon distribution, chemical identity, and morphology on contaminant fate and transport processes.
C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM RES SERV CORP,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74821.
RP WEST, CC (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74821, USA.
NR 56
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 4
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0177-5146
J9 ENVIRON GEOL
JI Environ. Geol.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 24
IS 3
BP 176
EP 187
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
GA PY484
UT WOS:A1994PY48400003
ER

PT J
AU WOO, YT
   DICARLO, FJ
   ARCOS, JC
   ARGUS, MF
   POLANSKY, G
   DUBOSE, J
AF WOO, YT
   DICARLO, FJ
   ARCOS, JC
   ARGUS, MF
   POLANSKY, G
   DUBOSE, J
TI ASSESSMENT OF CARCINOGENIC HAZARD OF CHEMICAL-MIXTURES THROUGH ANALYSIS
   OF BINARY CHEMICAL INTERACTION DATA
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT IV European ISSX Meeting on Toxicological Evaluation of Chemical
   Interactions - Relevance of Social, Environmental, and Occupational
   Factors
CY JUL 03-06, 1992
CL BOLOGNA, ITALY
SP INT SOC STUDY XENOBIOT
DE CHEMICAL MIXTURES; CANCER HAZARD/RISK; COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM; INTERACTION;
   SYNERGISM; ANTAGONISM; PROMOTION; INHIBITION
ID BENZO<A>PYRENE
AB Assessment of the potential health hazard of environmental complex chemical mixtures is one of the most difficult and challenging problems in toxicology. in this article, we describe the development of an innovative computerized system for ranking and predicting potential cancer hazard of chemical mixtures. We take into consideration both the additive risk of individual carcinogens present and the projected overall interaction effect of the mixture based on analyzing and integrating the possible interaction effects of all binary pairs of individual constituents of the mixture. Using this system. it can be predicted that a number of mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons should have a carcinogenic risk lower than that calculated by the simple additivity model, whereas the reverse is true for a number of other mixtures. The system can be very useful in hazard ranking and priority setting in dealing with mixture problems such as cleanup of hazardous waste.
C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,FALLS CHURCH,VA.
RP WOO, YT (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOXICS,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REVIEW 7403,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 19
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 102
SU 9
BP 113
EP 118
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA QB973
UT WOS:A1994QB97300021
PM 7698072
ER

PT J
AU BLANCATO, JN
AF BLANCATO, JN
TI PHARMACOKINETICS, CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS, AND TOXICOLOGICAL RISK
   ASSESSMENT IN PERSPECTIVE
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT IV European ISSX Meeting on Toxicological Evaluation of Chemical
   Interactions - Relevance of Social, Environmental, and Occupational
   Factors
CY JUL 03-06, 1992
CL BOLOGNA, ITALY
SP INT SOC STUDY XENOBIOT
DE PHARMACOKINETICS; RISK ASSESSMENT EXPOSURE SCENARIOS; RELATIVE RISK
AB Chemical mixtures and multiple routes of exposure are frequently difficult problems for exposure and risk assessors. Chemicals can interact synergistically or antagonistically at a variety of physiologic and biochemical loci within target cells. Many of these interactions can be accounted for with a thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of the compounds in the mixture. Many pharmacokinetic processes such as metabolism and absorption can be impacted by the presence of other chemicals in the environment and diet and as a result of medication. In addition, variations between responses as a result of different exposure scenarios (route of exposure, frequency, magnitude) can sometimes result from the impacts upon the pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetic models, when properly formulated and tested, can be useful tools to describe and predict the magnitude of the impact of multichemical and multiroute exposures. Several examples will be used to demonstrate this potentially powerful tool and how it can impact the risk assessment process.
RP BLANCATO, JN (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,MC-ASD,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA.
OI Blancato, Jerry/0000-0002-7023-5767
NR 8
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 1
PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 102
SU 9
BP 133
EP 137
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA QB973
UT WOS:A1994QB97300024
PM 7698075
ER

PT J
AU BIRNBAUM, LS
AF BIRNBAUM, LS
TI THE MECHANISM OF DIOXIN TOXICITY - RELATIONSHIP TO RISK ASSESSMENT
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT IV European ISSX Meeting on Toxicological Evaluation of Chemical
   Interactions - Relevance of Social, Environmental, and Occupational
   Factors
CY JUL 03-06, 1992
CL BOLOGNA, ITALY
SP INT SOC STUDY XENOBIOT
DE TCDD; DIOXIN; RISK ASSESSMENT; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; MECHANISMS;
   CANCER; IMMUNOTOXICITY; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY;
   CHLORACNE
ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; PRIMATE CALLITHRIX-JACCHUS; PROTEIN-DNA
   INTERACTIONS; EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTE
   SUBPOPULATIONS; ETHOXYRESORUFIN-O-DEETHYLASE; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN;
   AH-RECEPTOR; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; MALE-RATS
AB Risk characterization involves hazard identification, determination of dose-response relationships, and exposure assessment. Improvement of the risk assessment process requires inclusion of the best available science. Recent findings in the area of dioxin toxicity have led to a major effort to reassess its risk. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachiorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), commonly referred to as ''dioxin,'' is the most toxic member of a class of related chemicals including the polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, biphenyls, naphthalenes, azo- and azoxy-benzenes, whose toxicities can be expressed as fractional equivalencies of TCDD. These chemicals exert their effects through interaction with a specific intracellular protein, the Ah receptor. While binding to the receptor is necessary, it is not sufficient to bring about a chain of events leading to various responses including enzyme induction, immunotoxicity, reproductive and endocrine effects, developmental toxicity, chloracne, tumor promotion, etc. Some of these responses appear to be linear at low doses. Immunotoxicity and effects on the reproductive system appear to be among the most sensitive responses. The Ah receptor functions as a transcriptional enhancer, interacting with a number of other regulatory proteins (heat shock proteins, kinases, translocases, DNA binding species). Interaction with specific base sequences in the DNA appear to be modulated by the presence of other growth factors, hormones, and their receptors as well as other regulatory proteins. Thus, dioxin appears to function as a hormone, initiating a cascade of events that is dependent upon the environment of each cell and tissue. While Ah receptor variants exist, all vertebrates examined have demonstrated such a protein with similar numbers of receptors and binding affinity for TCDD. Most species respond similarly to dioxin and related compounds. While a given species may be an outlier for a given response, it will behave like other animals for other responses. For both in vivo and in vitro end points where animal and human data exist, such as enzyme induction, chloracne, immunotoxicity, developmental toxicity, and cancer, the sensitivity of humans appears similar to that of experimental animals. Current levels of environmental exposure to this class of chemicals may be resulting in subtle responses in populations at special risk such as subsistence fisherman and the developing infant, as well as in the general population. Increased understanding of the mechanism of dioxin's effects as well as elucidation of exposure-dose relationships is leading to the development of a biologically based dose-response model in the ongoing process of incorporating the best science into the risk assessment of TCDD and related compounds.
RP BIRNBAUM, LS (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-66,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 148
TC 223
Z9 226
U1 7
U2 25
PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 102
SU 9
BP 157
EP 167
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA QB973
UT WOS:A1994QB97300027
PM 7698077
ER

PT J
AU NICHOLS, J
   RHEINGANS, P
   MCGEACHIE, DL
   SKOW, L
   MCKIM, J
   LOTHENBACH, D
AF NICHOLS, J
   RHEINGANS, P
   MCGEACHIE, DL
   SKOW, L
   MCKIM, J
   LOTHENBACH, D
TI 3-DIMENSIONAL VISUALIZATION OF PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED KINETIC-MODEL
   OUTPUTS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
DE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED KINETIC MODEL; RAINBOW
   TROUT; 3-DIMENSIONAL VISUALIZATION
ID 3 WATERBORNE CHLOROETHANES; TOXICOKINETIC MODEL; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; RISK
   ASSESSMENT; RAINBOW-TROUT; PHARMACOKINETICS; FISH
AB Outputs from a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PB-TK) model for fish were visualized by mapping time-series data for specific tissues onto a three-dimensional representation of a rainbow trout. The trout representation was generated in stepwise fashion: 1) cross-sectional images were obtained from an anesthetized fish using a magnetic resonance imaging system, 2) images were processed to classify tissue types and eliminate unnecessary detail, 3) processed images were imported to a visualization software package (Application Visualization System) to create a three-dimensional representation of the fish, encapsulating five volumes corresponding to the liver, kidney, muscle, gastrointestinal tract, and fat. Kinetic data for the disposition of pentachloroethane in trout were generated using a PB-TK model. Model outputs were mapped onto corresponding tissue volumes, representing chemical concentration as color intensity. The workstation software was then used to animate the images, illustrating the accumulation of pentachloroethane in each tissue during a continuous branchial (gill) exposure.
C1 MARTIN MARIETTA INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   ST MARYS HOSP,DULUTH MAGNET RESONANCE IMAGING CTR,DULUTH,MN 55805.
RP NICHOLS, J (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA.
NR 23
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 102
IS 11
BP 952
EP 956
DI 10.2307/3431917
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA PV437
UT WOS:A1994PV43700009
PM 9738209
ER

PT J
AU SCHULTZ, DA
   RASCHKE, RL
   JONES, RP
AF SCHULTZ, DA
   RASCHKE, RL
   JONES, RP
TI A PLASTIC CONTAINER FOR ALGAL GROWTH-POTENTIAL TESTS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
AB The substitution of a six ounce plastic cup with snap-cap lid as a growth vessel for a standard algal growth potential test 125 ml glass Erlenmeyer flask has been evaluated. Included are a discussion of desired growth vessel characteristics and the relationship of seven day plastic cup algal growth to maximum (twelve to fourteen day) flask.
RP SCHULTZ, DA (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM SERV,REG 4,BAILEY RD ANNEX,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 33
IS 2
BP 171
EP 174
DI 10.1007/BF00548597
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA QG402
UT WOS:A1994QG40200007
PM 24201801
ER

PT J
AU STEPHAN, DG
   KNODEL, RM
   BRIDGES, JS
AF STEPHAN, DG
   KNODEL, RM
   BRIDGES, JS
TI A MARK-I MEASUREMENT METHODOLOGY FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION PROGRESS
   OCCURRING AS A RESULT OF PRODUCT DESIGN DECISIONS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS
LA English
DT Article
AB A methodology for assessing progress in pollution prevention resulting from product redesign, reformulation or replacement is described.  The method compares the pollution generated by the original product with that from the modified or replacement product, taking into account, if desired, the various lifecycle stages of the product.  The pollution prevented (or sometimes increased) as a consequence of the redesign is delineated with respect to the media affected (water, air, or soil/groundwater) and with respect to three ''categories'' of pollution impact (human health impacts, use impairment impacts and disposal capacity impacts).  The method also provides information as to the specific ''classes'' of pollution prevented such as toxic organics, heavy metals, global warmers, nutrients, aquatic life toxicants or hazardous wastes.  The methodology is extendable to pollution prevention projects of all types, not just product redesign.
RP STEPHAN, DG (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA.
NR 0
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017
SN 0278-4491
J9 ENVIRON PROG
JI Environ. Prog.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 4
BP 232
EP 246
DI 10.1002/ep.670130412
PG 15
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental
   Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PY576
UT WOS:A1994PY57600005
ER

PT J
AU RANDALL, PM
AF RANDALL, PM
TI POLLUTION PREVENTION STRATEGIES FOR THE MINIMIZING OF INDUSTRIAL-WASTES
   IN THE VCM-PV INDUSTRY
SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS
LA English
DT Article
AB In many U.S. companies, pollution prevention strategies coincide with economic interests.  Typically a company strives to be the lowest-cost producer, to be competitive, and to reduce wastes.  In this paper, the author reviews pollution prevention strategies in the vinyl chloride monomer (VCM)-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) industry, the current process technology and the pollution prevention practices to minimize all types of waste.  This paper includes a review of the balanced oxychlorination process, the high temperature chlorination process, new EDC cracking techniques, modified EDC reactor designs, new catalysts, new separation technologies, and other alternative low-waste process pathways and modifications.
RP RANDALL, PM (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,POLLUT PREVENT RES BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA.
RI Randall, Paul/M-6232-2014
NR 0
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 4
PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017
SN 0278-4491
J9 ENVIRON PROG
JI Environ. Prog.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 4
BP 269
EP 277
DI 10.1002/ep.670130416
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental
   Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PY576
UT WOS:A1994PY57600009
ER

PT J
AU LINDSEY, AW
AF LINDSEY, AW
TI ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION - A 21ST-CENTURY IMPERATIVE
SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP LINDSEY, AW (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 4
PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017
SN 0278-4491
J9 ENVIRON PROG
JI Environ. Prog.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 4
BP N2
EP N3
DI 10.1002/ep.670130402
PG 2
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental
   Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PY576
UT WOS:A1994PY57600001
ER

PT J
AU SORENSEN, JA
   GLASS, GE
   SCHMIDT, KW
AF SORENSEN, JA
   GLASS, GE
   SCHMIDT, KW
TI REGIONAL PATTERNS OF WET MERCURY DEPOSITION
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GREAT-LAKES; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; AIRBORNE MERCURY; ENVIRONMENT;
   BEHAVIOR
AB Most of the mercury contamination in lakes and streams of nonindustrialized regions of the United States, and Canada is derived from atmospheric deposition In order to determine the regional patterns of these inputs, seven mercury-in-precipitation monitoring sites were established in Minnesota, North Dakota, and Michigan. A 3-year study showed that the magnitude of mercury deposition was dominated by the quantity of precipitation. Regional variations of mercury concentrations in precipitation;were mostly explained by precipitation rate with higher concentrations occurring in the summer. Statewide (Minnesota) annual mercury emission estimates exceeded depositions for 1990, 1991, and 1992 by a factor of approximately 2 and indicated long-range transport of mercury. Significant correlations were observed between concentrations of mercury and other ions in precipitation.
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804.
   UNIV MINNESOTA,COLL SCI & ENGN,DULUTH,MN 55812.
NR 21
TC 51
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 12
BP 2025
EP 2032
DI 10.1021/es00061a010
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PP829
UT WOS:A1994PP82900012
PM 22191741
ER

PT J
AU MARDEN, BT
   FAIRBROTHER, A
   BENNETT, JK
AF MARDEN, BT
   FAIRBROTHER, A
   BENNETT, JK
TI INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON OF CHOLINESTERASE ASSAY MEASUREMENTS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE CHOLINESTERASE; INTERLABORATORY; BOBWHITE; METHYL PARATHION
ID BRAIN
AB Twelve wildlife toxicology laboratories participated in an interlaboratory survey of cholinesterase (ChE) assays to determine comparability of absolute ChE values and estimates of ChE inhibition from organophosphorus insecticide-dosed birds and to examine the type and consistency of methods employed by laboratories for the measurement of ChE. Supernatants of brain from northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) were prepared from untreated (UT) and methyl parathion (MP)-treated birds (5 mg/kg). Assays also were conducted on a commercial preparation of acetylcholinesterase from an electric eel. All laboratories performed the ChE assays using the colorimetric assay with temperature and read times varying by laboratory. There was substantial variation in the results of ChE analyses among participating laboratories. The ChE values from untreated birds ranged from 2.6 to 28.0 mu mol acetylthiocholine iodide (ACTI) hydrolyzed/min/mg tissue (mean = 14.8 so = 7.1). For the MP-treated group, ChE activity values showed a range of 1.5 to 15.3 mu mol ACTI hydrolyzed/min/mg tissue (mean = 8.1, SD = 3.9). Percent inhibition values of MP-treated compared to untreated birds ranged from 37 to 51% for reported results and 37 to 49% for corrected data (activity calculated from reported absorbance data). Laboratories were most consistent in their estimates of percent inhibition of ChE activity. Differences among laboratories were partially explained by differences in the methods employed for the analysis of ChE. Assay temperature and duration appeared to affect the absolute values the most. However, differences in reported ChE activity values existed even when methods were very similar. These results do not support the concept of using published normal ChE values from other laboratories to assess ChE inhibition in field-collected samples.
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333.
   MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333.
NR 12
TC 9
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 11
BP 1761
EP 1768
DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[1761:ICOCAM]2.0.CO;2
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA PM851
UT WOS:A1994PM85100007
ER

PT J
AU ANKLEY, GT
   COLLYARD, SA
   MONSON, PD
   KOSIAN, PA
AF ANKLEY, GT
   COLLYARD, SA
   MONSON, PD
   KOSIAN, PA
TI INFLUENCE OF ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT ON THE TOXICITY OF SEDIMENTS CONTAMINATED
   WITH POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; PHOTOACTIVATION; TOXICITY; BENTHOS
ID PHOTOTOXICITY; ANTHRACENE; RADIATION; QUALITY; WATER
AB Standard 10-d toxicity tests were conducted with freshwater benthic invertebrates using sediments containing a range of concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The assays were performed both under normal laboratory fluorescent light and ultraviolet (UV) light, which mimicked wavelengths present in sunlight, at about 10% of ambient solar intensity. In sediments with elevated PAH concentrations, tests conducted with UV light resulted in significantly greater mortality of Hyalella azteca (amphipods) and Lumbriculus variegatus (oligochaetes) than tests performed under otherwise comparable conditions with fluorescent light. There also was increased mortality of these two species, relative to controls, when surviving organisms from the 10-d exposures to the PAH-contaminated sediments were placed in clean water under UV light for 2 h. These results suggest that the organisms accumulated PAHs from the test sediments, which were subsequently photoactivated by UV light to excited states more toxic than the ground-state molecules. The phenomenon of photoactivation has been examined for pelagic species exposed to PAHs, but not for benthic organisms exposed to sediment-associated PAHs. Our results suggest that failure to consider photoactivation of PAHs by sunlight could result in sediment toxicity test methods or criteria that are underprotective of benthic organisms.
C1 UNIV WISCONSIN SUPER,DULUTH,MN 55804.
   INTEGRATED LAB SYST,DULUTH,MN 55804.
RP ANKLEY, GT (reprint author), US EPA,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA.
NR 32
TC 106
Z9 108
U1 1
U2 14
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 11
BP 1791
EP 1796
DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[1791:IOULOT]2.0.CO;2
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA PM851
UT WOS:A1994PM85100010
ER

PT J
AU CRIPE, GM
AF CRIPE, GM
TI COMPARATIVE ACUTE TOXICITIES OF SEVERAL PESTICIDES AND METALS TO
   MYSIDOPSIS-BAHIA AND POSTLARVAL PENAEUS-DUORARUM
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE PENAEIDS; MYSIDS; METALS; ORGANOPHOSPHATES; PYRETHROIDS
ID PINK SHRIMP; FENVALERATE; PERMETHRIN; PERSISTENCE; CHEMICALS; FENTHION;
   LARVAE; MYSIDS; FIELD
AB Effects of toxic chemicals on estuarine and marine crustaceans are often evaluated using the mysid Mysidopsis bahia. In a literature survey of results of acute toxicity tests with estuarine crustaceans, Mysidae and Penaeidae were generally the two most sensitive families. However, neither family was consistently more sensitive (higher LC50 divided by lower LC50 > 2). Mysids were 54 times more sensitive to pyrethroids than were penaeids (N = 3 studies). Yet penaeids were 36 times more sensitive (N = 4 studies) to organochlorines and 5 times more sensitive(N = 17 studies) to organophosphates than were mysids.
   Acute exposures of less than or equal to 24-h-old mysids and second postlarval pink shrimp Penaeus duorarum were conducted to compare responses of these crustaceans to each other, and to values from the literature for other estuarine crustaceans. The test compounds were chloride salts of cadmium, copper, and zinc; the organophosphates diazinon, fenthion, and malathion; and several pyrethroids - cypermethrin, fenvalerate, and permethrin.
   Results showed that pyrethroid toxicities to mysids and postlarval pink shrimp were similar, organophosphate toxicities were within a factor of 2.6 for both species, and mysids were 3 to 26 times more sensitive to the metals than were larval pink shrimp.
RP CRIPE, GM (reprint author), US EPA,1 SABINE ISLAND DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA.
NR 44
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 6
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 11
BP 1867
EP 1872
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA PM851
UT WOS:A1994PM85100019
ER

PT J
AU FAUSTMAN, EM
   ALLEN, BC
   KAVLOCK, RJ
   KIMMEL, CA
AF FAUSTMAN, EM
   ALLEN, BC
   KAVLOCK, RJ
   KIMMEL, CA
TI DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENT FOR DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY .1. CHARACTERIZATION
   OF DATABASE AND DETERMINATION OF NO OBSERVED ADVERSE EFFECT LEVELS
SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Developmental toxicity risk assessment currently relies on the estimation of reference doses (RfD(DT)s) or reference concentrations (RfC(DT)s) based on the use of no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) and uncertainty factors. The benchmark dose (BMD) has been proposed as an alternative basis for reference value calculations. A large database of 246 developmental toxicity experiments (Segment II-type studies) representing 1825 data subsets for various endpoints was compiled for use in comparing NOAEL and BMD approaches to developmental toxicity risk assessment. This paper describes the characteristics of the database used and the estimation of NOAELs using several approaches. For each endpoint evaluated, two NOAELs were calculated using the NOSTASOT procedure (Tukey et al., 1985). The first NOAEL calculation, the QNOAEL, was based on a quantal response where a litter was defined as ''affected'' if one or more fetuses or implants in the litter had the endpoint of interest. The second NOAEL calculation, the CNOAEL, was based on the proportion of fetuses or implants affected within each litter and was treated as a continuous response variable. Fifty-seven percent of the 246 experiments had at least one endpoint that showed a significant trend with dose. A total of 386 data sets were significant with respect to both the quantal and continuous test of trend. An additional 44 data sets were identified with significant trend only by the quantal approach whereas 177 additional data sets were identified with significant trend tests only by the continuous approach. Thus, the continuous approach appeared to be more powerful in detecting dose-related toxicity, but the patterns detected by the two approaches differed. QNOAELs and CNOAELs were compared by examining the degree to which they selected the same dose group. For 98% of the 386 data sets with both significant continuous and quantal trend tests, the CNOAEL was within one dose level of the QNOAEL. For data sets having significant continuous and/or quantal trend tests, 99% of the two NOAELs were within two dose levels. Twenty of the NTP studies were reviewed for comparison of ''expert'' versus statistically derived NOAELs. Most of the 360 NOAELs derived were identical for these two approaches; for the 8% that were different, approximately 80% were within one dose level. Thus, the statistically derived NOAELs that were used as the basis of our data comparisons were reflective of the typical methods used in deriving NOAELs. Compilation and characterization of such a large database of Segment II developmental toxicity experiments provide us with an opportunity to evaluate new quantitative approaches for developmental toxicity risk assessment and to make decisions about appropriate approaches for evaluation. (C) 1994 Society of Toxicology.
C1 CHILD DEV & MENTAL RETARDAT CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
   ICF KAISER,KS CRUMP DIV,RUSTON,LA 71270.
   US EPA,OFF HLTH RES,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,HUMAN HLTH ASSESSMENT GRP,REPROD & DEV TOXICOL BRNACH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
RP FAUSTMAN, EM (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA.
NR 17
TC 58
Z9 58
U1 0
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0272-0590
J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL
JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 23
IS 4
BP 478
EP 486
DI 10.1006/faat.1994.1132
PG 9
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA PR072
UT WOS:A1994PR07200002
PM 7867899
ER

PT J
AU ALLEN, BC
   KAVLOCK, RJ
   KIMMEL, CA
   FAUSTMAN, EM
AF ALLEN, BC
   KAVLOCK, RJ
   KIMMEL, CA
   FAUSTMAN, EM
TI DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENT FOR DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY .2. COMPARISON OF
   GENERIC BENCHMARK DOSE ESTIMATES WITH NO OBSERVED ADVERSE EFFECT LEVELS
SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RISK
AB Developmental toxicity risk assessment currently relies on the estimation of reference doses (RfD(DT)s) or reference concentrations (RfC(DT)s) based on the use of no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) divided by uncertainty factors (UFs). The benchmark dose (BMD) has been proposed as an alternative basis for reference value calculations. A large database of 246 developmental toxicity experiments representing 1825 endpoints related to dead implants or malformed fetuses has been compiled for use in evaluating alternative approaches to developmental toxicity risk assessment. Using this database we have compared two approaches for BMD estimation with each other and with corresponding statistically derived NOAELs. Comparisons have been based on proportion of affected litters (litters with one or more affected offspring, a quantal response variable) and on the proportion of affected offspring within each litter (a continuous response variable). A quantal Weibull model was used to calculate generic BMDs for the quantal response variable (QBMDs) and a continuous power model was used to calculate generic BMDs for the continuous response variable (CBMDs) at three levels of additional risk (10, 5, and 1%). CBMD(05)s (continuous benchmark doses for 5% risk) and CNOAELs (statistically derived NOAELs based on the continuous response variable) were similar, with over 98% of the data subsets having CBMD(05) and CNOAEL values that differed by less than an order of magnitude. In contrast, QNOAELs tended to be greater than corresponding QBMD(10)s. The observed conservatism of the QBMD values relative to the corresponding CBMD values was attributed to two factors, lower maximum likelihood estimates for the quantal model and wider confidence intervals around the maximum likelihood estimates, compared to the continuous model. Comparisons of different quantitative dose-response assessments for developmental toxicity experiments should help to identify appropriate risk assessment approaches for developmental toxicity risk assessment. (C) 1994 Society of Toxicology.
C1 US EPA,OFF HLTH RES,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,HUMAN HLTH ASSESSMENT GRP,REPROD & DEV TOXICOL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
   UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
   CHILD DEV & MENTAL RETARDAT CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
RP ALLEN, BC (reprint author), ICF KAISER,KS CRUMP DIV,RUSTON,LA 71270, USA.
NR 6
TC 136
Z9 140
U1 0
U2 14
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0272-0590
J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL
JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 23
IS 4
BP 487
EP 495
DI 10.1006/faat.1994.1133
PG 9
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA PR072
UT WOS:A1994PR07200003
PM 7867900
ER

PT J
AU ALLEN, BC
   KAVLOCK, RJ
   KIMMEL, CA
   FAUSTMAN, EM
AF ALLEN, BC
   KAVLOCK, RJ
   KIMMEL, CA
   FAUSTMAN, EM
TI DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENT FOR DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY .3.
   STATISTICAL-MODELS
SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; TOXICOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS; TERATOLOGICAL
   EXPERIMENTS; RISK ASSESSMENT; LINEAR-MODELS
AB Although quantitative modeling has been central to cancer risk assessment for years, the concept of dose-response modeling for developmental effects is relatively new. The benchmark dose (BMD) approach has been proposed for use with developmental (as well as other noncancer) endpoints for determining reference doses and reference concentrations. Statistical models appropriate for representing the unique features of developmental toxicity testing have been developed and applied (K. Rai and J. Van Ryzin, 1985, Biometrics 41, 1-9; L. Kupper, C. Portier, hi. Hogan, and E. Yamamoto, 1986, Biometrics 42, 85-98; R. Kodell, R. Howe, J. Chen, and D. Gaylor. 1991, Risk Anal. 11, 583-590). Generalizations of those models (designated the RVR, LOG, and NCTR models, respectively) account for the correlations among observations in individual fetuses or implant within litters; the potential for variables other than dose, such as litter size, to affect the probability of adverse outcome; and the possibility of a threshold dose below which background response rates are unaltered. The generalized models were applied to a database of 607 endpoints with significant dose-related increases in response rate. It was determined that the models were generally capable of fitting the observed dose-response patterns, with the LOG model appearing to be superior with respect to fit. A significant contributor to the ability of the LOG model to fit the data was its flexibility with respect to the representation of the dependence of response probability on litter size, a trait not shared by the other two models. Litter size appeared to be a significant covariable for predicting response rates, even when intralitter correlation was accounted for by assuming a beta-binomial distribution for the observations among individual fetuses. In contrast, a threshold dose parameter did not appear to be necessary to adequately describe the observed dose-response patterns. BMD estimates (corresponding to 5% additional risk) from all three models were similar to one another and to BMDs estimated from other, generic dose-response models (not specifically designed for developmental toxicity testing) that modeled average proportion of fetuses affected. The BMDs at the 5% level of risk were similar to no observed adverse effect levels determined by statistical tests of trend. Greater emphasis on and further examination of dose-response modeling for developmental toxicity testing are needed; biologically based approaches that consider the continuum of developmental effects induced in such tests should be encouraged. (C) 1994 Society of Toxicology.
C1 US EPA,OFF HLTH RES,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   US EPA,OFF HLTH ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,HUMAN HLTH ASSESSMENT GRP,REPROD & DEV TOXICOL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
   UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
   CHILD DEV & MENTAL RETARDAT CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
RP ALLEN, BC (reprint author), ICF KAISER,KS CRUMP DIV,RUSTON,LA 71270, USA.
NR 25
TC 70
Z9 73
U1 0
U2 8
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0272-0590
J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL
JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 23
IS 4
BP 496
EP 509
DI 10.1006/faat.1994.1134
PG 14
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA PR072
UT WOS:A1994PR07200004
PM 7867901
ER

PT J
AU SAILSTAD, DM
   TEPPER, JS
   DOERFLER, DL
   QASIM, M
   SELGRADE, MJK
AF SAILSTAD, DM
   TEPPER, JS
   DOERFLER, DL
   QASIM, M
   SELGRADE, MJK
TI EVALUATION OF AN AZO AND 2 ANTHRAQUINONE DYES FOR ALLERGIC POTENTIAL
SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LYMPH-NODE ASSAY; EAR SWELLING ASSAY; CONTACT SENSITIZATION;
   GUINEA-PIGS; CHEMICAL ALLERGENS; REACTIVE DYES; TEST MEST; MICE;
   IDENTIFICATION; VALIDATION
AB Two dye mixtures and the individual component dyes were evaluated for the potential to induce contact or pulmonary hypersensitivity. These dye mixtures were suspect because of anecdotal reports of both pulmonary and contact hypersensitivity in assembly workers, and because the component dyes were structurally related to dyes known to be contact sensitizers. One mixture consisted of disperse blue 3 (DB3) and disperse red 11 (DR11), which are anthraquinones, and the other mixture contained DR11 and solvent red 1 (SR1), an azo dye. Contact hypersensitivity was examined using the local lymph node assay (LLNA) and a modified mouse ear swelling test (MEST). Both the MEST and the LLNA indicated that SR1 has weak contact sensitizing potential. None of the other individual dye compounds or the two mixtures were identified as contact sensitizers by either method. To evaluate the mixtures as potential pulmonary allergens, guinea pigs were repeatedly exposed by inhalation (300 mg/m(3), 6 hr/day) 5 days/week, for 1 week. Weekly exposures were repeated three times with 2 weeks of nonexposure time in between. Guinea pigs were then challenged through the jugular vein using a dye-dimethylsulfoxide mixture. During the challenge, breathing mechanics (dynamic compliance and resistance) were measured in mechanically ventilated animals. Changes in these measurements, indicative of bronchoconstriction, were not observed in animals exposed to either dye mixture, nor were antibodies detected in the sera of exposed animals using individual dye-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In conclusion, two methods indicate that SR1 may have contact-sensitizing potential. There was no indication of contact-sensitizing potential for either DB3 or DR11 and no evidence that any of the dyes caused pulmonary hypersensitivity. (C) 1994 Society of Toxicology.
C1 SHAW UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27611.
   US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP SAILSTAD, DM (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,POB 12313,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA.
NR 45
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0272-0590
J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL
JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 23
IS 4
BP 569
EP 577
DI 10.1006/faat.1994.1142
PG 9
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA PR072
UT WOS:A1994PR07200012
PM 7867908
ER

PT J
AU NARASIMHAN, TR
   CRAIG, A
   ARELLANO, L
   HARPER, N
   HOWIE, L
   MENACHE, M
   BIRNBAUM, L
   SAFE, S
AF NARASIMHAN, TR
   CRAIG, A
   ARELLANO, L
   HARPER, N
   HOWIE, L
   MENACHE, M
   BIRNBAUM, L
   SAFE, S
TI RELATIVE SENSITIVITIES OF 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN-INDUCED
   CYP1A-1 AND CYP1A-2 GENE-EXPRESSION AND IMMUNOTOXICITY IN FEMALE B6C3F1
   MICE
SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE; CYTOCHROME P-450C GENE; MOUSE
   HEPATOMA-CELLS; AH-RECEPTOR; MONOOXYGENASE ACTIVITIES;
   AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE; TISSUE
   DISTRIBUTION; MESSENGER-RNA
AB Improvements in risk assessment require better linkage of exposure to response by the determination of target tissue dose. The relative sensitivity of several responses in female B6C3F1 mice was compared on the basis of administered and target tissue dose spanning 3 orders of magnitude. Twenty-four hours after administration, [H-3]TCDD was detected in the heart, spleen, kidney, uterus, thymus, lung, and liver, and the highest concentrations were noted in the liver, uterus, and lung. At doses from 5 to 25 ng/kg, hepatic [H-3]TCDD levels associated with the cytosolic and nuclear subcellular fractions increased from 12 to 62% of the total liver levels and then decreased at higher doses. At the two lowest doses used in the enzyme induction study, 5 and 10 ng/kg, the levels of specifically bound nuclear Ah receptor complex liganded with [H-3]TCDD were 2.3 and 2.5 fmol/mg protein. Slightly higher levels of nuclear Ah receptor complex were observed at doses between 25 and 100 ng/kg (i.e., 3.6 to 4.2 fmol/mg protein) and a steep dose-dependent increase in nuclear Ah receptor levels was noted at doses of 500, 1000, and 5000 ng/kg (8.0, 39.3, and 92.8 fmol/mg protein, respectively). The dose-dependent effects of [H-3]TCDD on hepatic Cypla-1 and Cypla-2 mRNA levels, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity. and the splenic antibody plaque forming cell (PFC) response to sheep red blood cells were also determined; the latter response was determined 9 days after administration of TCDD. Statistically significant induction of hepatic Cypla-1 was observed at lower doses (25 ng/kg) than any other marker, followed by induction of EROD and PFCs expressed per spleen or per 10(6) cells which was observed at 100 ng TCDD/kg and at higher doses. Cypla-2 was elevated significantly relative to control at doses greater than or equal to 1000 ng/kg. The ED50 value for PFCs/10(6) cells was the lowest of the variables analyzed and was not statistically significantly different from control(91 +/- 92 ng/kg). A 50% increase in Cypla-2 and Cypla-1 mRNA levels was observed at doses of 736 +/- 132 and 1630 +/- 431 ng/kg, respectively. Due to variability in response in PFCs/spleen and the submaximal induction of EROD activity, ED50 values could not be calculated for these responses. The analyses indicate that the immunosuppressive response (when normalized for the number of spleen cells) may be depressed by administered doses as low as 90 ng TCDD/kg body weight. A 50% increase in Cypla-1 or Cypla-2 was observed at higher administered doses (1630 or 736 ng/kg, respectively). This suggests that the immunosuppressive response is depressed at lower doses of TCDD than the other variables studied. (C) 1994 Society of Toxicology.
C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843.
   DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DURHAM,NC 27710.
   US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
NR 46
TC 30
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0272-0590
J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL
JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 23
IS 4
BP 598
EP 607
DI 10.1006/faat.1994.1146
PG 10
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA PR072
UT WOS:A1994PR07200016
PM 7867912
ER

PT J
AU HOGAN, KB
   HARRISS, RC
AF HOGAN, KB
   HARRISS, RC
TI A DRAMATIC DECREASE IN THE GROWTH-RATE OF ATMOSPHERIC METHANE IN THE
   NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE DURING 1992 - COMMENT
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Note
C1 NASA,MISSION PLANET EARTH,WASHINGTON,DC 20546.
RP HOGAN, KB (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GLOBAL CHANGE 6202J,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 14
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 1
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 22
BP 2445
EP 2446
DI 10.1029/94GL02601
PG 2
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PQ432
UT WOS:A1994PQ43200027
ER

PT J
AU CROFTON, KM
   JANSSEN, R
   PRAZMA, J
   PULVER, S
   BARONE, S
AF CROFTON, KM
   JANSSEN, R
   PRAZMA, J
   PULVER, S
   BARONE, S
TI THE OTOTOXICITY OF 3,3'-IMINODIPROPIONITRILE - FUNCTIONAL AND
   MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF COCHLEAR DAMAGE
SO HEARING RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE IMINODIPROPIONITRILE; OTOTOXICITY; REFLEX MODIFICATION AUDIOMETRY;
   BRAIN-STEM AUDITORY EVOKED RESPONSE; COCHLEAR DAMAGE
ID DEVELOPING RAT COCHLEA; REFLEX MODIFICATION; AUDITORY FUNCTION;
   HEARING-LOSS; SENSITIVITY; BETA,BETA'-IMINODIPROPIONITRILE;
   DEGENERATION; DYSFUNCTION; AUDIOMETRY; CAT
AB Previous reports have suggested that IDPN may be ototoxic (Wolff et al., 1977; Crofton and Knight, 1991). The purpose of this research was to investigate the ototoxicity of IDPN using behavioral, physiological and morphological approaches. Three groups of adult rats were exposed to IDPN (0-400 mg/kg/day) for three consecutive days. In the first group, at 9-10 weeks post-exposure, thresholds for hearing of 5.3- and 38-kHz filtered clicks were measured electrophysiologically and brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) were also recorded to a suprathreshold broadband click stimulus. A second set of animals was tested at 9 weeks for behavioral hearing thresholds (0.5- to 40-kHz tones) and at 11-12 weeks post-exposure for BAER thresholds (5- to 80-kHz filtered clicks). A third group of animals was exposed (as above), and killed at 12-14 weeks post-exposure for histological assessment. Kanamycin sulfate was used as a positive control for high-frequency selective hearing loss. Surface preparations of the organ of Corti were prepared in order to assess hair cells, and mid-modiolar sections of the cochlea were used to examine Rosenthal's canal and the stria vascularis. Functional data demonstrate a broad-spectrum hearing loss ranging from 0.5 kHz (30 dB deficit) to 80 kHz (40 dB deficit), as compared to a hearing deficit in kanamycin-exposed animals that was only apparent at frequencies greater than 5 kHz. Surface preparations revealed IDPN-induced hair cell loss in all turns of the organ of Corti, with a basal-to-apical gradient (more damage in the basal turns) at the lower dosages. At higher dosages there was complete destruction of the organ of Corti. There was also a dosage-related loss of spiral ganglion cells in all turns of the cochlea, again with a basal-to-apical gradient at the lower dosages. These data demonstrate that IDPN exposure in the rat results in extensive hearing loss and loss of neural structures in the cochlea.
C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DIV OTOLARYNGOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC.
RP CROFTON, KM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27114, USA.
RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015
OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971
NR 59
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-5955
J9 HEARING RES
JI Hear. Res.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 80
IS 2
BP 129
EP 140
DI 10.1016/0378-5955(94)90104-X
PG 12
WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences;
   Otorhinolaryngology
SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences & Neurology;
   Otorhinolaryngology
GA PW206
UT WOS:A1994PW20600001
PM 7896571
ER

PT J
AU PRAH, JD
   GOLDSTEIN, GM
   DEVLIN, R
   OTTO, D
   ASHLEY, D
   HOUSE, D
   COHEN, KL
   GERRITY, T
AF PRAH, JD
   GOLDSTEIN, GM
   DEVLIN, R
   OTTO, D
   ASHLEY, D
   HOUSE, D
   COHEN, KL
   GERRITY, T
TI SENSORY, SYMPTOMATIC, INFLAMMATORY, AND OCULAR RESPONSES TO AND THE
   METABOLISM OF METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER IN A CONTROLLED HUMAN EXPOSURE
   EXPERIMENT
SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB The Clean Air Act of 1990 mandates that those areas of the country that do not attain the health-based National Ambient Air Quality Standard for CO must add oxygenates (2.7% by weight) to auto fuels (oxyfuels). In the fall of 1992, the addition of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) to automotive fuels coincided with complaints of illness in some parts of the country. In Alaska, the reported symptoms included headache, nasal, throat, or ocular irritation, nausea or vomiting, dizziness, and sensations of ''spaciness'' or disorientation. We conducted a chamber exposure experiment to determine if exposure to pure MTBE would elicit similar responses to those reported to be related to MTBE exposure. Nineteen male and 18 female subjects were exposed in a repeated-measures design to clean air (CA) and 1.39 ppm (5.0 mg/m(3)) MTBE for 1 h. This level was selected to approximate a typical exposure experienced during refueling. Exposures were separated by at least 1 wk. Symptom questionnaires were completed before and during exposure. Cognitive testing was completed once during exposure. Objective measures of ocular and nasal irritation were obtained pre- and postexposure. Four questions relevant to the reported symptoms, relating to air quality, odor strength, headache, and nasal irritation, were considered confirmatory hypotheses. All other measures were exploratory. The only significant confirmatory result was a difference in rating of CA quality by the female subjects as better than during the MTBE exposure. No other measures, objective or cognitive, approached significance. These results indicate that in young, healthy subjects a 1-h exposure to 1.39 ppm MTBE does not increase symptom reporting or result in increases in objective biomarkers of inflammation. Two subjects also participated in a study of the pharmacokinetics of MTBE in which blood samples were obtained before, during, and at various time points up to 7 h postexposure. MTBE in blood rose rapidly and was metabolized to tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA), which gradually increased in the blood and maintained an elevated level for the duration of the sampling.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC.
RP PRAH, JD (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MED BLDG C,CB 7315,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA.
NR 19
TC 53
Z9 55
U1 0
U2 1
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS
PI BRISTOL
PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598
SN 0895-8378
J9 INHAL TOXICOL
JI Inhal. Toxicol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 6
IS 6
BP 521
EP 538
DI 10.3109/08958379409003038
PG 18
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA QA455
UT WOS:A1994QA45500001
ER

PT J
AU TEPPER, JS
   JACKSON, MC
   MCGEE, JK
   COSTA, DL
   GRAHAM, JA
AF TEPPER, JS
   JACKSON, MC
   MCGEE, JK
   COSTA, DL
   GRAHAM, JA
TI ESTIMATION OF RESPIRATORY IRRITANCY FROM INHALED METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL
   ETHER IN MICE
SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SENSORY IRRITANTS; EXPOSURE
AB The Clean Air Act Amendments require the use oi oxygenated fuels in the winter months to reduce carbon monoxide levels in areas of the country that exceed national health standards for carbon monoxide. Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE, CAS number 1634-044) is the most widely used fuel additive for this purpose. During implementation, people in a few areas oi the country reported nose, eye, and throat irritation. To evaluate the potential for MTBE to produce symptoms indicative of sensory irritation, mice were tested using a standard bioassay. Concentration-response data obtained from 1-h exposures to MTBE between 300 and 30,000 mg/m(3) revealed that slight to severe sensory irritation occurred with exposure to all concentrations. At the highest concentration both sensory and pulmonary irritation was observed, indicative or acute lung injury. However, lung lavage protein and lactate dehydrogenase measurements did not support this contention. Respiratory rate was predicted by linear interpolation to be decreased by 50% (RD50) at 16,600 mg/m(3) MTBE. Some experts suggest that 3% of the RD50 (in this case 500 mg/m(3)) would not cause significant sensory (i.e., discomforting) irritation. Since this estimate is at least an order of magnitude greater than typical peak atmospheric exposure levels during refueling, the data would suggest that few healthy individuals would experience sensory irritation during transient exposures to MTBE.
C1 US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PULM TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   ENVIRONM CRITERIA ASSESSMENT OFF,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
NR 17
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS
PI BRISTOL
PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598
SN 0895-8378
J9 INHAL TOXICOL
JI Inhal. Toxicol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 6
IS 6
BP 563
EP 569
DI 10.3109/08958379409003041
PG 7
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA QA455
UT WOS:A1994QA45500004
ER

PT J
AU KOOL, JB
   HUYAKORN, PS
   SUDICKY, EA
   SUDICKY, EA
   SALEEM, ZA
AF KOOL, JB
   HUYAKORN, PS
   SUDICKY, EA
   SUDICKY, EA
   SALEEM, ZA
TI A COMPOSITE MODELING APPROACH FOR SUBSURFACE TRANSPORT OF DEGRADING
   CONTAMINANTS FROM LAND-DISPOSAL SITES
SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSFORM GALERKIN TECHNIQUE; MASS-TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER; SIMULATION
AB A composite modeling approach is presented for simulating the three-dimensional (3-D) subsurface transport of dissolved contaminants with transformation products. The approach is based on vertical infiltration and contaminant transport in the unsaturated zone and 3-D groundwater flow and contaminant migration in the saturated zone. Moisture movement and groundwater flow are considered to be steady, but contaminant transport is treated as transient. The model allows for advection, dispersion, linear or nonlinear equilibrium sorption, and first-order biochemical transformation of either a single contaminant species, or a multi-species, straight or branched, decay chain. The model is designed for regulatory decision making using Monte Carlo analysis. For such applications considerable emphasis is placed on computational efficiency and robustness of the model. An efficient and robust semi-analytical method is used to perform the steady-state solution for infiltration through the unsaturated zone. A variety of transport solutions, corresponding to transient or steady state, and linear or nonlinear sorption conditions, are incorporated in the model. For transient linear transport, the Laplace transform technique is used. The transformed unsaturated-zone transport equation is solved analytically; the transformed saturated-zone transport equation is solved numerically using the Laplace transform-Galerkin (LTG) technique which permits a nonuniform groundwater flow field, reflecting the influence of locally higher infiltration from the waste source. The model contains fully 3-D solutions for flow and transport in the saturated zone, as well as two-dimensional solutions for vertical cross-sectional and areal scenarios. Model formulations and solution schemes are verified by comparison against a fully 3-D, variably saturated flow and transport code for a hypothetical problem which represents a typical landfill. The model is applied also to simulate a controlled release field experiment and the model predictions compare well with groundwater monitoring data for the site.
C1 UNIV WATERLOO,WATERLOO,ON N2L 3G1,CANADA.
   US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
RP KOOL, JB (reprint author), HYDROGEOLOG INC,HERNDON,VA 22070, USA.
NR 33
TC 24
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-7722
J9 J CONTAM HYDROL
JI J. Contam. Hydrol.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 17
IS 1
BP 69
EP 90
DI 10.1016/0169-7722(94)90078-7
PG 22
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
GA PZ507
UT WOS:A1994PZ50700004
ER

PT J
AU MCCUTCHEON, SC
AF MCCUTCHEON, SC
TI A CROSSROADS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP MCCUTCHEON, SC (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
SN 0733-9372
J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE
JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 120
IS 6
BP 1351
EP 1354
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1994)120:6(1351)
PG 4
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PU387
UT WOS:A1994PU38700001
ER

PT J
AU WISE, WR
   GUVEN, O
   MOLZ, FJ
   MCCUTCHEON, SC
AF WISE, WR
   GUVEN, O
   MOLZ, FJ
   MCCUTCHEON, SC
TI NUTRIENT RETENTION THE IN HIGH-PERMEABILITY, OIL-FOULED BEACH
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SPILL
AB Following the grounding of the Exxon Valdez in March 1989, many beaches in the Alaskan waters were fouled with oil. One of these was Kittiwake Beach of I(night Island in Prince William Sound. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated a research project to evaluate the application of nutrients to the surface of the beach to stimulate biodegradation of the surficial and infiltrated oil by indigenous microbial populations. Nutrients were dissolved in seawater and applied by sprinklers to study plots along the beach. As part of this project, a preliminary, simplified model of the beach hydraulics is developed to describe the advective fate of the applied nutrients. The retention time of nutrients in the beach is estimated to be on the order of 12 h (one tidal cycle) for the application method used. Simulations indicate that application of nutrients through a trench or subsurface drain placed above the high-tide level, rather than directly on the beach by sprinklers, would result in significantly longer retention times. Design guidance for future remediation is provided to ensure nutrient coverage of the entire oiled profile of a permeable beach.
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605.
RP WISE, WR (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,238 HARBERT ENGN CTR,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA.
NR 13
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
SN 0733-9372
J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE
JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 120
IS 6
BP 1361
EP 1379
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1994)120:6(1361)
PG 19
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PU387
UT WOS:A1994PU38700003
ER

PT J
AU GUPTA, M
   GUPTA, A
   SUIDAN, MT
   SAYLES, GD
   FLORA, JRV
AF GUPTA, M
   GUPTA, A
   SUIDAN, MT
   SAYLES, GD
   FLORA, JRV
TI ORP MEASUREMENT IN ANAEROBIC SYSTEMS USING FLOW-THROUGH CELL
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Note
ID REMOVAL
AB A new method was developed using a flow-through cell for the measurement of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) for anaerobic microbial cultures. The method involves passing the reactor effluent through a recycle line equipped with an ORP probe. Stable ORP values were obtained for two different anaerobic reactors, operating under steady-state conditions, for more than 2 months. One of the reactors was strictly methanogenic and the other was sulfate-reducing. A comparison of ORP measurements by this method with conventional measurement techniques showed this method minimizes uncertainty in the measurement as a result of hydrodynamic limitations, temperature changes, and oxygen contamination of the sample. It prevents fouling of the ORP probe by allowing for easy cleaning of the probe and checking for calibration before use. The method can also be used for both batch reactors and chemostats (CSTR).
C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
RP GUPTA, M (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221, USA.
NR 10
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
SN 0733-9372
J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE
JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 120
IS 6
BP 1639
EP 1645
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1994)120:6(1639)
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PU387
UT WOS:A1994PU38700020
ER

PT J
AU LEE, EH
   HOGSETT, WE
   TINGEY, DT
AF LEE, EH
   HOGSETT, WE
   TINGEY, DT
TI ATTAINMENT AND EFFECTS ISSUES REGARDING ALTERNATIVE SECONDARY OZONE
   AIR-QUALITY STANDARDS
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID PROTECT VEGETATION; EXPOSURES
AB The present secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for O-3, established in 1979, is based on limited information from a few field studies on vegetation and may not be protective of crop damage due to O-3, alone or in combination with other pollutants. Considerable information from field studies conducted in the past decade indicate that there is poor functional correspondence between agricultural production and the air quality index of the current secondary NAAQS for O-3. Because the current O-3 NAAQS is based on data for extreme values of air quality, the index (or form) of the NAAQS ignores key features of hourly exposure data that are desirable and important to minimizing the risk of crop damage. Previous analyses of existing vegetation effects data indicate that exposure indices that cumulated the hourly O-3 concentrations over the season, as well as preferentially weighted the higher concentrations appear to have major advantages over the mean and peak indices on the basis of statistical fits to the data. The peak-weighted, cumulative indicators whose form and level are determined from crop studies were found useful in achieving a target production level that is higher than that of the current O-3 NAAQS indicator with fewer violations. These alternative air quality indicators compare favorably with the current O-3 NAAQS in terms of protection against adverse welfare effects and air quality properties to better identify areas having adequate air quality.
RP LEE, EH (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL RES SERV CORP,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA.
NR 24
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0047-2425
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 23
IS 6
BP 1129
EP 1140
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PR003
UT WOS:A1994PR00300001
ER

PT J
AU ABERNATHY, CO
   ROBERTS, WC
AF ABERNATHY, CO
   ROBERTS, WC
TI RISK ASSESSMENT IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY
SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID RFD
AB Risk assessment is the general process used to determine the potential risk of an adverse health effect occurring from exposure to an agent. It consists of a hazard identification, a dose-response evaluation, an exposure assessment and a risk characterization. At the US Environmental Protection Agency, risk assessments are used to estimate risks from environmental contaminants. Risk management uses the risk characterization along with such variables as economic, social, legal, technical, analytical and political factors to arrive at a regulatory level. The public is informed of regulatory actions prior to and after promulgation of the final rule through the process of risk communication.
C1 USA,MATERIAL COMMAND,OFF COMMAND SURG,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22333.
RP ABERNATHY, CO (reprint author), US EPA,OFF DRINKING WATER,HUMAN RISK ASSESSMENT BRANCH 4304,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 9
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3894
J9 J HAZARD MATER
JI J. Hazard. Mater.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 39
IS 2
BP 135
EP 142
DI 10.1016/0304-3894(94)00049-2
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PP992
UT WOS:A1994PP99200002
ER

PT J
AU HERNANDEZ, O
   RHOMBERG, L
   HOGAN, K
   SIEGELSCOTT, C
   LAI, D
   GRINDSTAFF, G
   HENRY, M
   COTRUVO, JA
AF HERNANDEZ, O
   RHOMBERG, L
   HOGAN, K
   SIEGELSCOTT, C
   LAI, D
   GRINDSTAFF, G
   HENRY, M
   COTRUVO, JA
TI RISK ASSESSMENT OF FORMALDEHYDE
SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID INHALATION TOXICITY; COVALENT BINDING; NASAL-MUCOSA; RATS
AB In April 1987, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued the ''Assessment of Health Risks to garment Workers and Certain Home Residents from Exposure to Formaldehyde'' in which formaldehyde was classified as a carcinogen and an irritant to the eyes and respiratory tract. A quantitative risk assessment for cancer was presented. A more current document, a draft released in 1991, incorporates some additional data on the epidemiology and toxicology of formaldehyde that the EPA has received since completion of the earlier assessment, and examines the impact of this information on the estimates of health risks following exposure to airborne formaldehyde. For noncancer effects, the new data support earlier conclusions with regard to the irritant effects of formaldehyde and the dose-response gradient for these effects. The cancer assessment incorporates the use of a molecular dosimeter for the derivation of risk estimates. Tissue levels of this dosimeter, a covalent cross-link product of formaldehyde and DNA-protein (DPX), are available from rats and monkeys. The risk estimates obtained with this dosimeter are considerably lower than those obtained by conventional approaches.
C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
RP HERNANDEZ, O (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 13
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3894
J9 J HAZARD MATER
JI J. Hazard. Mater.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 39
IS 2
BP 161
EP 172
DI 10.1016/0304-3894(94)00067-0
PG 12
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PP992
UT WOS:A1994PP99200005
ER

PT J
AU NESTRUD, LB
   ANDERSON, RL
AF NESTRUD, LB
   ANDERSON, RL
TI AQUATIC SAFETY OF LAGENIDIUM-GIGANTEUM - EFFECTS ON FRESH-WATER FISH AND
   INVERTEBRATES
SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE CERIODAPHNIA; DAPHNIA; PIMEPHALES PROMELAS; LAGENIDIUM; MICROBIAL
   PESTICIDES; SAFETY
ID FUNGAL PATHOGEN; MOSQUITO LARVAE; LABORATORY EVALUATION; TOXICITY;
   WATER; TEMPERATURE; CALIFORNIA; INFECTION; MAMMALS
AB Eleven freshwater species were exposed to a zoospore-producing fungus, Lagenidium giganteum, with the goal of determining species sensitivity with standard and new test procedures. The tests included standard, 4-day acute exposures of cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia dubia, Daphnia pulex, and D. magna) and the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Standard 7-day chronic exposures of C. dubia and a 7-day embryo-larval exposure of P. promelas were also conducted. New, C-day acute, methods were developed for mosquitos (Aedes aegypti), chironomids (Chironomus sp.), oligochaetes (Lumbriculus sp.), cyclopoid copepods, snails (Physa sp.), hydrozoans (Hydra sp.), and ostracods. To assess L. giganteum zoospore (z) infectivity, each test included daily bioassays with the mosquito (A. aegypti), a target organism. Four-day A. aegypti LC(50)s ranged from 81 to 516 z/ml. Ceriodaphnia dubia acute test LC(50)s were as low as 6700 z/ml and the 96-hr LC(50) from the chronic test was near 6250 z/ml with reproductive impairment at 12,500 z/ml. Daphnia sp. were also susceptible, with LC(50)s near 7700 z/ml for D. pulex and 9400 z/ml for D. magna. Chironomus tentans was infected at concentrations of greater than or equal to 5000 z/ml, but mortality was low and an LC,, could not be calculated even after exposures to 50,000 z/ml. The 7-day, early life stage test with P. promelas produced reduced larva growth in most treatments. Several species (Hydra sp., L. variegatus, ostracoda, copepoda, Physa sp., and P. promelas) were not affected in acute tests at exposures of 50,000 z/ml. The data show, contrary to many reports, that L. giganteum may affect some nontarget aquatic species. The key to successful laboratory tests is monitoring and maintaining the zoospores' infection capacity. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804.
   UNIV WISCONSIN,LAKE SUPERIOR RES INST,SUPERIOR,WI 54880.
NR 25
TC 12
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 7
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0022-2011
J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL
JI J. Invertebr. Pathol.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 64
IS 3
BP 228
EP 233
DI 10.1016/S0022-2011(94)90275-5
PG 6
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA PT752
UT WOS:A1994PT75200011
PM 7806894
ER

PT J
AU ALAVANJA, MCR
   AKLAND, G
   BAIRD, D
   BLAIR, A
   BOND, A
   DOSEMECI, M
   KAMEL, F
   LEWIS, R
   LUBIN, J
   LYNCH, C
   MCMASTER, SB
   MOORE, M
   PENNYBACKER, M
   RITZ, L
   ROTHMAN, N
   ROWLAND, A
   SANDLER, DP
   SINHA, R
   SWANSON, C
   TARONE, R
   WEINBERG, C
   ZAHM, SH
AF ALAVANJA, MCR
   AKLAND, G
   BAIRD, D
   BLAIR, A
   BOND, A
   DOSEMECI, M
   KAMEL, F
   LEWIS, R
   LUBIN, J
   LYNCH, C
   MCMASTER, SB
   MOORE, M
   PENNYBACKER, M
   RITZ, L
   ROTHMAN, N
   ROWLAND, A
   SANDLER, DP
   SINHA, R
   SWANSON, C
   TARONE, R
   WEINBERG, C
   ZAHM, SH
TI CANCER AND NONCANCER RISK TO WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE AND PEST-CONTROL - THE
   AGRICULTURAL HEALTH STUDY
SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; BREAST-CANCER; HERBICIDES; MORTALITY; RESIDUES;
   FARMERS
AB The Argicultural Health Study is a collaborative effort involving the National Cancer Institute, the US Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.  A goal of this investigation is to establish a large cohort of men and women that can be followed prospectively for 10 years or more to evaluate the role of agricultural exposures in the development of cancer, neurologic disease, reproductive difficulties, childhood developmental problems, and other chronic diseases.  The study also will provide an opportunity to assess the role that diet, cooking methods, and other lifestyle factors have on the cause of cancer and other diseases.  The cohort will be composed of approximately 112,000 adult study subjects, including 42,000 women, making this one of the largest cohorts of women ever assembled for an epidemiologic investigation of environmental and occupational exposures.  Children of farm families also will be enrolled.  The study will be conducted in Iowa and North Carolina.  Enrollment will begin in December 1993 and continue for 3 years.
C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA 52242.
   SURVEY RES ASSOCIATES,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
   SRA TECHNOL INC,ARLINGTON,VA.
RP ALAVANJA, MCR (reprint author), NATL CANC INST,6130 EXECUT BLVD,ROOM 543,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA.
RI Zahm, Shelia/B-5025-2015; Sinha, Rashmi/G-7446-2015; 
OI Sinha, Rashmi/0000-0002-2466-7462; Kamel, Freya/0000-0001-5052-6615;
   Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653
NR 17
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 1076-2752
J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED
JI J. Occup. Environ. Med.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 36
IS 11
BP 1247
EP 1250
DI 10.1097/00043764-199411000-00013
PG 4
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA PV016
UT WOS:A1994PV01600013
PM 7532217
ER

PT J
AU HILALY, AK
   SIKDAR, SK
AF HILALY, AK
   SIKDAR, SK
TI POLLUTION BALANCE - A NEW METHODOLOGY FOR MINIMIZING WASTE PRODUCTION IN
   MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID PREVENTION
AB A new methodolgy based on a generic pollution balance equation, has been developed for minimizing waste production in manufacturing processes. A ''pollution index,'' defined as the mass of waste produced per unit mass of a product, has been introduced to provide a quantitative measure of waste generation in a process. A waste reduction algorithm also has been developed from the pollution balance equation. This paper explains this methodology and demonstrates the applicability of the method by a case study.
RP HILALY, AK (reprint author), US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA.
NR 8
TC 49
Z9 54
U1 0
U2 0
PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC
PI PITTSBURGH
PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230
SN 1047-3289
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 44
IS 11
BP 1303
EP 1308
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA PR925
UT WOS:A1994PR92500006
ER

PT J
AU SIMMONS, JE
   YANG, RSH
   SVENDSGAARD, DJ
   THOMPSON, MB
   SEELY, JC
   MCDONALD, A
AF SIMMONS, JE
   YANG, RSH
   SVENDSGAARD, DJ
   THOMPSON, MB
   SEELY, JC
   MCDONALD, A
TI TOXICOLOGY STUDIES OF A CHEMICAL-MIXTURE OF 25 GROUNDWATER CONTAMINANTS
   - HEPATIC AND RENAL ASSESSMENT, RESPONSE TO CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE
   CHALLENGE, AND INFLUENCE OF TREATMENT-INDUCED WATER RESTRICTION
SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID CHLOROFORM-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY; COMPLEX WASTE MIXTURES; LIVER-INJURY;
   B6C3F1 MICE; RAT-LIVER; POTENTIATION; TOXICITY; TRICHLOROETHYLENE;
   LETHALITY; ACETONE
AB Because groundwater contamination is an important environmental concern, we examined the hepatic and renal effects of repeated exposure to a mixture of 25 chemicals frequently found in groundwater near hazardous-waste disposal sites and the effect of such exposure on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxicity. Adult male F-344 rats received ad libitum deionized water and feed (Ad Lib Water) or ad libitum 10% MIX (referring to 10% of a technically achievable stock mixture) and feed for 14 d. Because exposure to the 25-chemical mixture via the drinking water resulted in decreased water and feed consumption, restricted deionized water and feed controls (Restricted Water) were included. On d 14, rats were gavaged with 0, 0.0375, 0.05, 0.075 or 0.15 ml CCl4/kg, and hepatic and renal toxicity assessed 24 h later. Little or no hepatic and renal toxicity was observed in rats exposed to 10% MIX alone. No hepatic or renal lesions occurred that could be attributed to 10% MIX alone. Slight but statistically significant alterations, of uncertain biological significance, resulted from the water treatments: 10% MIX increased alanine aminotransferase, urea nitrogen (BUN), and BUN/creatinine ratio; Restricted Water increased 5'-nucleotidase and decreased alkaline phosphatase. Relative kidney weight was increased by both 10% MIX and Restricted Water. CCl4 resulted in significant dosage-dependent hepatotoxicity in all three water treatment groups but had little or no effect on renal indicators of toxicity. Relative to Ad Lib Water, significantly greater hepatotoxicity occurred in both 10% MIX and Restricted Water rats. The response to CCl4 in the Restricted Water rats was similar to that of 10% MIX rats, indicating that a substantial portion of the effect of 10% MIX on CCl4 hepatotoxicity is due to decreased water and feed intake.
C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,FT COLLINS,CO 80523.
   NIEHS,NATL TOXICOL PROGRAM,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   PATHCO INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
RP SIMMONS, JE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 61
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 5
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS
PI BRISTOL
PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598
SN 0098-4108
J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH
JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 43
IS 3
BP 305
EP 325
PG 21
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA PR013
UT WOS:A1994PR01300004
PM 7966440
ER

PT J
AU CLARK, RM
   GRAYMAN, WM
   GOODRICH, JA
   DEININGER, RA
   SKOV, K
AF CLARK, RM
   GRAYMAN, WM
   GOODRICH, JA
   DEININGER, RA
   SKOV, K
TI MEASURING AND MODELING CHLORINE PROPAGATION IN WATER
   DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS
SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
ID HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; QUALITY; DESIGN
AB Until recently most emphasis on implementing Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) under the Safe Drinking Water Act and its Amendments (SDWAA) has been focused on drinking water as it leaves the treatment plant.  However, the SDWAA has been interpreted as requiring that its MCLs must be met at the consumer's tap.  This interpretation has forced consideration of the drinking-water distribution system when measuring and monitoring contaminants for SDWAA compliance.  It is increasingly apparent that water quality can undergo significant deterioration between the treatment plant and the consumer's tap.  A field study conducted in conjunction with the South Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority using a contaminant propagation model demonstrated long residence times in one of its service areas, which suggested potential difficulties in maintaining chlorine residuals throughout the system.  A follow-up study verified that maintaining residuals is difficult and demonstrated that a simple first-order decay model associated with modeling chlorine residuals is inadequate.
C1 S CENT CONNECTICUT REG WATER AUTHOR,MGR WATER QUAL,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511.
   UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109.
RP CLARK, RM (reprint author), US EPA,RREL,DIV DRINKING WATER RES DIV,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA.
NR 15
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 1
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
SN 0733-9496
J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE
JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 120
IS 6
BP 871
EP 887
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1994)120:6(871)
PG 17
WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA PM503
UT WOS:A1994PM50300008
ER

PT J
AU LLORENS, J
   CROFTON, KM
   PEELE, DB
AF LLORENS, J
   CROFTON, KM
   PEELE, DB
TI EFFECTS OF 3,3'-IMINODIPROPIONITRILE ON ACQUISITION AND PERFORMANCE OF
   SPATIAL TASKS IN RATS
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE IDPN; NITRILES; RADIAL ARM MAZE; RAM; 8-ARM RADIAL ARM MAZE; MORRIS
   WATER MAZE; SWIMMING; STEADY STATE PERFORMANCE; REPEATED ACQUISITION;
   LEARNING AND MEMORY
ID ARM MAZE PERFORMANCE; BETA,BETA'-IMINODIPROPIONITRILE; DEFICITS;
   EXPOSURE; MEMORY; SCOPOLAMINE; SYSTEM; IDPN
AB Iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) has been reported to disrupt learning and memory in rats (24). The present work addressed the effects of IDPN on tasks requiring the use of spatial information. Separate groups of male rats were dosed with IDPN (IP, in 1 ml/kg saline) for 3 consecutive days and tested in the following procedures: (a) step-through passive avoidance conditioning (0, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg/day); (b) Morris water maze (MWM) acquisition and retention (0, 125, 150, 175, and 200 mg/kg/day); (c) radial arm maze (RAM) acquisition (0, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day); (d) RAM steady-state performance (0, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day); (e) repeated acquisition in the RAM (0, and 200 mg/kg/day). The vestibular toxicity of IDPN resulted in alterations in spontaneous behavior or swimming deficits in 5 of 8 rats treated with 175 mg/kg/day and in all the animals dosed with 200 or 400 mg/kg/day. IDPN increased step-through PA latencies at 200 mg/kg/day but not at lower doses. In the MWM, no performance deficits were observed at the dose levels preserving the swimming ability of the animals. In both the acquisition and the steady-state RAM tasks, IDPN (400 mg/kg/day) induced an increase in both choice errors and perseverative errors. In the RAM repeated acquisition paradigm, IDPN (200 mg/kg/day) induced performance deficits that included a decreased rate of within-session reduction in errors. The present data show that IDPN disrupts performance of tasks requiring spatial learning and memory and indicate that these deficits can be in part caused by an acquisition deficit.
C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RI Llorens, Jordi/A-6959-2008; Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015
OI Llorens, Jordi/0000-0002-3894-9401; Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971
NR 35
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0892-0362
J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL
JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 16
IS 6
BP 583
EP 591
DI 10.1016/0892-0362(94)90036-1
PG 9
WC Neurosciences; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology
GA PN342
UT WOS:A1994PN34200005
PM 7862057
ER

PT J
AU GORDON, CJ
AF GORDON, CJ
TI 24-HOUR CONTROL OF BODY-TEMPERATURE IN THE RAT .2. DIISOPROPYL
   FLUOROPHOSPHATE-INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA AND HYPERTHERMIA
SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
LA English
DT Article
DE BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; HEART RATE; MOTOR ACTIVITY; CORE
   TEMPERATURE; TELEMETRY; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; STRESS; FEVER
ID STRESS HYPERTHERMIA; THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR; FEVER; SOMAN;
   BRAIN
AB Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) and other anticholinesterase (antiChE) agents have been found to induce marked hypothermic responses in laboratory rodents. To characterize the effects of DFP on autonomic and behavioral thermoregulation, rats of the Long-Evans strain were injected with DFP while housed in a temperature gradient. The gradient allowed for the measurement of selected ambient temperature (T-a) and motor activity (MA) over a 6- to 7-day period. Core temperature (T-c) and heart rate (HR) were also monitored simultaneously using radiotelemetry. Injection of the peanut oil vehicle led to transient elevations in T-c, HR, and MA, but no change in selected T-a. The next day animals were injected with 0.25, 1.0, or 1.5 mg/kg DFP. DFP (1.0 AND 1.5 mg/kg) led to a marked reduction in T-c. The decrease in T-c was accompanied by reductions in HR, MA, and selected T-a. During the first night after DFP, selected T-a remained elevated as T-c recovered to its preinjection level. The second 24-h period after 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg DFP was associated with a significant elevation in the daytime T-c. In conclusion, with the option of using behavioral thermoregulatory responses, the hypothermic effects of acute DFP treatment are mediated by a selection for cooler T(a)s. An elevation in T-c during recovery from acute DFP corroborates the many incidents of fever in humans exposed to anti-ChE agents.
RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 27
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0091-3057
J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE
JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 49
IS 3
BP 747
EP 754
DI 10.1016/0091-3057(94)90096-5
PG 8
WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA PN294
UT WOS:A1994PN29400044
PM 7862732
ER

PT J
AU CUMMINGS, AM
   METCALF, JL
AF CUMMINGS, AM
   METCALF, JL
TI MECHANISMS OF THE STIMULATION OF RAT UTERINE PEROXIDASE-ACTIVITY BY
   METHOXYCHLOR
SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE METHOXYCHLOR; PESTICIDE; ESTROGENIC; UTERINE PEROXIDASE; RAT; HORMONE
   STIMULATION; ENZYME; INHIBITION
ID DECIDUAL CELL RESPONSE; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; FEMALE RATS; PROGESTERONE;
   UTERUS; GROWTH; PREGNANCY; TAMOXIFEN; TISSUES; PROTEIN
AB Methoxychlor (MXC) has adverse effects on fertility and rat uteria via its active metabolite HPTE (2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane). Uterine peroxidase, a marker of estrogen action, was used to probe potential mechanisms of MXC's adverse effects. Specifically, our objective was to compare the regulation of the effects of estrogen and MXC on uterine peroxidase. Immature female rats were treated with MXC (250 mg/kg; gavage) 24 h prior to the measurement of uterine peroxidase activity, with or without concurrent treatment with actinomycin D, cycloheximide, progesterone, or tamoxifen. MXC alone produced an increase in peroxidase activity. The prior and/or concurrent treatment with the compounds listed blocked the MXC-induced stimulation of peroxidase. These data show similarities between the mechanisms of estrogen MXC action. Both estrogen and MXC act to stimulate uterine peroxidase activity via increased RNA and protein synthesis and this stimulation can be blocked by progesterone and tamoxifen.
C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RP CUMMINGS, AM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DTD,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,MD-72,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 27
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0890-6238
J9 REPROD TOXICOL
JI Reprod. Toxicol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 8
IS 6
BP 477
EP 486
DI 10.1016/0890-6238(94)90030-2
PG 10
WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology
SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology
GA PX675
UT WOS:A1994PX67500003
PM 7881199
ER

PT J
AU PIASEK, M
   LASKEY, JW
AF PIASEK, M
   LASKEY, JW
TI ACUTE CADMIUM EXPOSURE AND OVARIAN STEROIDOGENESIS IN CYCLING AND
   PREGNANT RATS
SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE CADMIUM; STEROIDOGENESIS; OVARY; PLACENTA; IRON; CYCLING; PREGNANT; RAT
ID METALLOTHIONEIN INDUCTION; SEX-DIFFERENCES; CHLORIDE; AGE; OVULATION;
   EMBRYO; MICE; PROGESTERONE; SECRETION; TOXICITY
AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect(s) of acute in vivo cadmium (Cd) exposure on steroidogenesis in rat ovaries during different reproductive states. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously on the day of diestrus, or on day 7 or 16 of gestation with a single dose of 0, 3, or 5 mg Cd/kg bw, and evaluated 24 h later. Serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations were determined. Whole-ovary culture was used to evaluate Cd effects on the production of progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol. Liver, kidney, spleen, ovary, placenta, and blood were analyzed for Cd and iron (Fe) concentrations. No general toxic effects, no disruption of estrous cyclicity, and no change in fetal viability were seen. Histologic evaluation revealed moderate Cd-related thecal congestion in ovaries of pregnant rats. The highest Cd concentrations, except for liver, were fund in the fetal portion of the placenta. Interestingly, Cd-related decreases in Fe concentration were found in several tissues from rats in proestrus and on gestation day 8, and in fetal placenta from rats on gestation day 17. Cadmium appears to interfere with normal steroidogenesis at a number of sites in the biosynthetic pathway with serum estradiol concentration and ovarian estradiol production the most affected. Acute Cd effects on steroidogenesis are most severe in rats evaluated in proestrus or in an early pregnancy, while in late pregnancy steroidogenesis is relatively unaffected.
C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   INST MED RES & OCCUPAT HLTH,DEPT MINERAL METAB,ZAGREB 41000,CROATIA.
NR 74
TC 72
Z9 75
U1 1
U2 7
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0890-6238
J9 REPROD TOXICOL
JI Reprod. Toxicol.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 8
IS 6
BP 495
EP 507
DI 10.1016/0890-6238(94)90032-9
PG 13
WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology
SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology
GA PX675
UT WOS:A1994PX67500005
PM 7881201
ER

PT J
AU PYLE, SM
   GURKA, DF
AF PYLE, SM
   GURKA, DF
TI VOLATILE ORGANIC-ANALYSIS BY DIRECT AQUEOUS INJECTION
SO TALANTA
LA English
DT Article
ID CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION;
   MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRAP; COLUMN; WATER; TRIHALOMETHANES; PURGE
AB Gas chromatographic environmental analysis by direct aqueous injection (DAI) was studied for 24 volatile organic analytes (VOAs). Internal standardization was used to determine the precision of analyzing these compounds by DAI. Aqueous samples were directly introduced to a gas chromatograph using fused-silica, mega-bore capillary column separation with subsequent full-scan ion trap mass spectral detection. Triplicate injections at seven levels of VOA standard solutions over a 10(3) concentration range were performed using an autosampler set up for on-column injection of 0.2 mu l. Comparison of single-ion response curves to triple-ion response curves showed that triple-ion quantitation was more sensitive and precise than single-ion quantitation. Of the 24 VOAs determined at the 20 parts per billion (ppb) level, 19 and 20 were detected by the single-ion calibration and triple-ion calibration, respectively. The weighted and non-weighted regression correlation coefficients, r(2), for the 24 responses curves by the two methods, ranged from 0.910 to 0.998, with 76 of 96 being greater than 0.990. Precision, as measured by per cent relative standard deviation, was shown to be best for later eluting compounds and for higher concentrations. Analysis of an environmental sample by DAI was accomplished in 12 min and indicated the presence of benzene at 80 ppb and chlorobenzene at 2 ppm. This demonstrated the feasibility of applying this technique for screening. Several chlorinated benzenes were also detected, establishing the potential for expanding the method to include higher boiling compounds.
RP PYLE, SM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,DIV QUAL ASSURANCE & METHODS DEV,944 E HARMON AVE,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA.
NR 21
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0039-9140
J9 TALANTA
JI Talanta
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 41
IS 11
BP 1845
EP 1852
DI 10.1016/0039-9140(94)00126-X
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA QB409
UT WOS:A1994QB40900006
PM 18966141
ER

PT J
AU SPENGEL, DB
   BICKNELL, B
   ANDERSON, DF
   SMITH, M
   BODIEN, DG
AF SPENGEL, DB
   BICKNELL, B
   ANDERSON, DF
   SMITH, M
   BODIEN, DG
TI A COMPARISON OF CHLORINATED PHENOLIC COMPOUND CONCENTRATIONS AND
   LOADINGS IN BLEACH-PLANT AND TREATMENT-SYSTEM SAMPLES AT 8 MILLS
SO TAPPI JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE ADSORBABLE ORGANIC HALOGEN; AEROBIC PROCESS; BIODEGRADABILITY;
   BLEACHING; BLEACH PLANTS; CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; EFFLUENT TREATMENT;
   LOADING PHENOLS
ID EFFLUENTS
AB Twenty-eight chlorinated phenolic compounds were analyzed in samples of raw water, bleach-plant effluent, bleached pulp, and in the influent, effluent, and sludge of wastewater-treatment systems at eight U.S. pulp mills. Chlorinated phenolic compounds are examined in relation to several process variables. The lowest loadings of chlorinated phenolic compounds were observed at mills with oxygen delignification and 100% chlorine dioxide substitution. Trends in the distribution of chemical families and attached chlorine atoms also are identified. Finally, removal of chlorinated phenolic compounds in wastewater-treatment systems is compared with the removal of AOX and BOD5 to assess whether wastewater-treatment performance is related to removal of chlorinated phenolic compounds.
C1 US EPA,DIV ENGN & ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
   US EPA,SEATTLE,WA 98101.
RP SPENGEL, DB (reprint author), RADIAN CORP,2455 HORSEPEN RD,SUITE 250,HERNDON,VA 22071, USA.
NR 19
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC
PI NORCROSS
PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092
SN 0734-1415
J9 TAPPI J
JI TAPPI J.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 77
IS 11
BP 155
EP 166
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood
SC Materials Science
GA PQ091
UT WOS:A1994PQ09100017
ER

PT J
AU ROGERS, JM
   FRANCIS, BM
   SULIK, KK
   ALLES, AJ
   MASSARO, EJ
   ZUCKER, RM
   ELSTEIN, KH
   ROSEN, MB
   CHERNOFF, N
AF ROGERS, JM
   FRANCIS, BM
   SULIK, KK
   ALLES, AJ
   MASSARO, EJ
   ZUCKER, RM
   ELSTEIN, KH
   ROSEN, MB
   CHERNOFF, N
TI CELL-DEATH AND CELL-CYCLE PERTURBATION IN THE DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY OF
   THE DEMETHYLATING AGENT, 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE
SO TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE TERATOGENESIS;
   PHASE-SPECIFICITY; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; 5-AZACYTIDINE; METHYLATION;
   DIFFERENTIATION; MICE; RAT
AB DNA methylation is a probable mechanism for regulating gene expression, and alterations in methylation may significantly affect embryonic development. We administered the cytidine analogue 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (dAZA), a specific and potent demethylator of DNA, to pregnant mice to determine its teratogenicity and effects on embryonic cell death and cell cycle. Groups of females were dosed intraperitoneally on gestation day 10 with doses of 0.05-3 mg/kg dAZA and killed at 4, 8, or 28 hr later. Two embryos per litter were immediately stained with Nile blue sulfate (NBS) to identify areas of cell death; the remaining embryos were frozen and stored for subsequent flow cytometric (FCM) analysis of the cellular DNA synthetic cycle in limb buds. A dose-related accumulation of cells in the S and G(2)/M phases was observed at 4 and 8 hr after maternal dosing. S-phase accumulation was the most sensitive indicator of effect; a dose-related increase in the percentage of hindlimb bud cells in S-phase was evident at all dosages 4 hr after maternal dosing. By 28 hr postdosing, a normal cell cycle phase distribution was observed at doses of <0.3 mg/kg. However, cell cycle perturbations persisted at higher dosages. NBS staining demonstrated increased cell death in areas of rapid cell division, indicative of replication-associated cytotoxicity, at doses of greater than or equal to 0.1 mg/kg. Observation of litters from additional darns killed at term revealed that at dosages of greater than or equal to 0.3 mg/kg, cleft palate and hindlimb defects were significantly elevated. In addition, above 0.3 mg/kg, fetal weight was significantly decreased. Embryonic mortality did not increase significantly at dosages of <2 mg/kg but reached 100% at 3 mg/kg. Vertebral and pelvic girdle malformations were seen at doses of greater than or equal to 1 mg/kg. These results indicate that the demethylating agent dAZA perturbs embryonal DNA synthesis and results in the death of rapidly proliferating cells. The observation of cell cycle perturbations and cell death at dosages below those producing frank terata indicate some ability of the embryo to compensate for and/or repair dAZA-induced cellular damage. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.*
C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT CELL BIOL & ANAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
   MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RP ROGERS, JM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,PERINATAL TOXICOL BRANCH MD67,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 25
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0040-3709
J9 TERATOLOGY
JI Teratology
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 5
BP 332
EP 339
DI 10.1002/tera.1420500504
PG 8
WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
GA QE256
UT WOS:A1994QE25600003
PM 7536356
ER

PT J
AU ABBOTT, BD
   PROBST, MR
   PERDEW, GH
AF ABBOTT, BD
   PROBST, MR
   PERDEW, GH
TI IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DOUBLE-STAINING FOR AH RECEPTOR AND ARNT IN HUMAN
   EMBRYONIC PALATAL SHELVES
SO TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID EPITHELIAL-CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CLEFT-PALATE; ORGAN-CULTURE; TCDD;
   2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; EXPRESSION; TOXICITY; ALTERS;
   HYDROCORTISONE; MECHANISM
AB The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the AhR nuclear translocator protein (ARNT) are basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS (HLH) proteins involved in transcriptional regulation. Polycyclic aromatic halogenated chemicals, of which 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most potent, bind to the AhR. In the cellular cytoplasm, the AhR exists as a complex with the heat shock protein HSP90 and other small peptides. This complex dissociates following ligand binding and then the ligand-bound AhR binds ARNT. The ligand-AhR-ARNT complex interacts with a specific, nuclear DNA sequence, the dioxin response element (DRE), altering transcription of a regulated gene. Studies in hepatoma cell lines indicate that both proteins are required for regulation of transcription. in this study, AhR and ARNT were localized immunohistochemically in human embryonic palatal cells and specific patterns of expression were seen for each protein. A double-staining protocol revealed that epithelial cells expressed both AhR and ARNT, but in mesenchyme and nasal spine cartilege individual cells were identified which expressed either AhR or ARNT. This heterogeneous pattern may be a means of suppressing transcriptional regulation and also suggests the existence of other, unidentified basic-helix-loop-helix partner(s). The heterogeneous expression pattern may also reflect a complex role for these HLH proteins as transcriptional regulators of embryonic development. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.*
C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,STRUCT BIOL & MOLEC MED LAB,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024.
   PURDUE UNIV,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907.
RP ABBOTT, BD (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL MD67,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
FU NCI NIH HHS [CA28868]
NR 29
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0040-3709
J9 TERATOLOGY
JI Teratology
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 50
IS 5
BP 361
EP 366
DI 10.1002/tera.1420500507
PG 6
WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
GA QE256
UT WOS:A1994QE25600006
PM 7716743
ER

PT J
AU THORNTONMANNING, JR
   SEELY, JC
   PEGRAM, RA
AF THORNTONMANNING, JR
   SEELY, JC
   PEGRAM, RA
TI TOXICITY OF BROMODICHLOROMETHANE IN FEMALE RATS AND MICE AFTER REPEATED
   ORAL DOSING
SO TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE BROMODICHLOROMETHANE; HEPATOTOXICITY; NEPHROTOXICITY; FEMALE RODENTS
ID DRINKING-WATER; BY-PRODUCTS; TAP WATER; CHLOROFORM; CANCER; LIVER
AB The carcinogenic water disinfection byproduct, bromodichloromethane (BDCM), produces renal and hepatic toxicity in rodents in acute and subchronic studies. In the present investigation, female rats and mice (n = 6) were dosed daily for 5 consecutive days with BDCM (dissolved in an aqueous, 10% Emulphor solution) by gavage, Rats received 75, 150 and 300 mg BDCM/kg body weight/day and mice received 75 and 150 mg BDCM/kg body weight/day. Two rats in the 300 mg/kg/day treatment group died on day 5. On day 6, the animals were sacrificed and serum samples were taken for analysis of indicators of hepatic and renal toxicity, Livers and kidneys were excised and samples taken for histopathological evaluation. Portions of the livers were also utilized to produce microsomes for analysis of cytochrome P450 enzyme activities and total P450 content. Total hepatic cytochrome P450 was decreased in rats dosed with 150 and 300 mg BDCM/kg body weight/day, but was not significantly affected in BDCM-treated mice. Serum lactate (LDH) and sorbitol (SDH) dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were increased above those of controls in rats dosed with 300 mg BDCM/kg/day. These data suggested that hepatic and renal damage had occurred in this treatment group. This was confirmed by histopathological analyses which revealed that lesions occurred in both hepatic and renal tissues from rats dosed with 150 and 300 mg BDCM/kg/day. The hepatic lesions were centrilobular and primarily consisted of vacuolar degeneration. The hepatotoxicity indicators alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and SDH were increased in mice dosed with 150 mg BDCM/kg/day. However, no histopathological lesions were observed in these animals. This study shows that BDCM is both hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic to female rats after repeated dosing, but is only weakly hepatotoxic to female mice at the administered doses. Also, reduced activities of hepatic cytochrome P450 were observed in rats, but not mice. These species differences in toxicity and xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme inhibition caused by BDCM suggest that an understanding of the mechanism of toxicity of this compound will be critical when extrapolating rodent toxicity data to humans for this environmental pollutant.
C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   PATHCO INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
NR 26
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE,
   IRELAND
SN 0300-483X
J9 TOXICOLOGY
JI Toxicology
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 94
IS 1-3
BP 3
EP 18
DI 10.1016/0300-483X(94)90024-8
PG 16
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA QE736
UT WOS:A1994QE73600002
PM 7801327
ER

PT J
AU GRAY, LE
   OSTBY, JS
   KELCE, WR
AF GRAY, LE
   OSTBY, JS
   KELCE, WR
TI DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL ANTIANDROGEN - THE FUNGICIDE
   VINCLOZOLIN ALTERS SEX-DIFFERENTIATION OF THE MALE-RAT
SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; TESTICULAR DESCENT; DOSE-RESPONSE;
   FINASTERIDE; FLUTAMIDE
AB In humans and rodents, exposure to hormonally active chemicals during sex differentiation can produce a wide range of abnormal sexual phenotypes including masculinized and defeminized females and feminized and demasculinized males. Although numerous ''environmental estrogens,'' including pesticides, toxic substances (PCBs), and plant and fungal estrogens, have been shown to alter mammalian sex differentiation, similar information on environmental androgens is lacking. Recently, the fungicide vinclozolin (V) was found to inhibit sexual differentiation in male rats in an antiandrogenic manner. In the present study, V was administered to pregnant rats (po) at 0, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day in corn oil during the period of sex differentiation (Gestational Day 14 to Postnatal Day 3) to examine the demasculinizing effect of this fungicide more closely. In both groups of V-treated male offspring, anogenital distance was female like at birth, and nipple development was prominent at 2 weeks of age. After puberty, most of the V-treated male offspring were unable to attain intromission even though they all mounted sexually receptive females. The V-treated male offspring that appeared to achieve intromission, failed to ejaculate normally, as no sperm were found in the uterus after overnight matings. A factor in the abnormal ejaculation was that all V-treated male offspring had cleft phallus with hypospadias. In addition, a number of unusual reproductive malformations were noted when the males were necropsied at 1 year. Many V-treated male offspring had suprainguinal ectopic scrota/testes, a vaginal pouch, epididymal granulomas, and small to absent sex accessory glands. During the study, about 25% of the V-treated males died as a result of bladder stones, hydroureter, or hydronephrosis, while other males displayed these lesions at necropsy. While some of the above malformations in male offspring can also be produced by perinatal administration of a potent estrogen, like DES, V-treated female offspring did not display any estrogen-like alterations of reproductive development or fecundity. The only change seen in the female offspring was a reduced anogenital distance during neonatal life. Our observation of perinatal-induced agenesis of the prostate and blocked testicular descent, a pattern of malformations nearly identical to that reported for the antiandrogen flutamide, is consistent with other recent evidence that this fungicide is an androgen-receptor antagonist. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 METI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP GRAY, LE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RTB,DEV REPROD TOXICOL SECT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 15
TC 343
Z9 351
U1 0
U2 20
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0041-008X
J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM
JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 129
IS 1
BP 46
EP 52
DI 10.1006/taap.1994.1227
PG 7
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA PQ822
UT WOS:A1994PQ82200006
PM 7974495
ER

PT J
AU KAMRIN, MA
   CARNEY, EW
   CHOU, K
   CUMMINGS, A
   DOSTAL, LA
   HARRIS, C
   HENCK, JW
   LOCHCARUSO, R
   MILLER, RK
AF KAMRIN, MA
   CARNEY, EW
   CHOU, K
   CUMMINGS, A
   DOSTAL, LA
   HARRIS, C
   HENCK, JW
   LOCHCARUSO, R
   MILLER, RK
TI FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICOLOGY - OVERVIEW AND CURRENT
   APPROACHES
SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Review
DE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICOLOGY; IN VITRO
   ASSAYS
ID EMBRYO CULTURE SYSTEM; EARLY-PREGNANCY; RAT MILK; MOLECULAR-CLONING;
   HUMAN PLACENTA; GLUTATHIONE; MOUSE; INVITRO; COCAINE; METHOXYCHLOR
AB In recent years, concern about possible female reproductive and developmental toxicity due to environmental contaminants, such as PCBs, has been growing. Because this area of toxicology had not been emphasized prior to this time, there are many gaps in current knowledge about female developmental and reproductive toxicology and only a limited number of validated tests to assay effects of toxicants on various parts of the reproductive and developmental cycle. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on this topic and also explores a variety of techniques for assessing female reproductive and developmental toxicity. These include an assay of the state of intercellular communication among the embryo, fetus and placenta; protocols for assessing toxicity in early pregnancy; and techniques for evaluating the role of glutathione in protecting the conceptus from xenobiotics.
C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824.
   UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH PUBL HLTH,TOXICOL PROGRAM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109.
   UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM & IND HLTH,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109.
   US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,ROCHESTER,NY 14642.
   WARNER LAMBERT PARKE DAVIS,PARKE DAVIS PHARMACEUT RES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105.
   DOW CHEM CO USA,TOXICOL RES LAB,MIDLAND,MI 48674.
RP KAMRIN, MA (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,INST ENVIRONM TOXICOL,C231 HOLDEN HALL,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA.
NR 64
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE,
   IRELAND
SN 0378-4274
J9 TOXICOL LETT
JI Toxicol. Lett.
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 74
IS 2
BP 99
EP 119
DI 10.1016/0378-4274(94)90089-2
PG 21
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA PM951
UT WOS:A1994PM95100001
PM 7940600
ER

PT J
AU ORR, PH
   VARNS, JL
   JANARDAN, KG
AF ORR, PH
   VARNS, JL
   JANARDAN, KG
TI PREDICTING THE RESPONSE OF POTATOES TO POST-STORAGE HANDLING STRESS
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE
LA English
DT Article
DE POTATOES; HANDLING; MODELING; STRESS; SCREENING
ID QUALITY
AB The potato processing industry needs to predict responses of potatoes to handling so that off-color processed products can be avoided. We developed a system for evaluating and classifying potatoes based on their physiological responses to post-storage handling. Six cultivars (handling characteristics known in the industry) and a selection were treated in a handling simulator and changes in their respiration (CO2), ion conductivity (CND), and sugar development (AGT) were analyzed. A linear discriminant function model was developed to indicate the classification of the selection in relation to the known cultivars.
C1 US EPA,USDA ARS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   EASTERN MICHIGAN UNIV,DEPT MATH,YPSILANTI,MI 48197.
RP ORR, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS,RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB,E GRAND FORKS,MN, USA.
NR 9
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS
PI ST JOSEPH
PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659
SN 0001-2351
J9 T ASAE
JI Trans. ASAE
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 37
IS 6
BP 1907
EP 1911
PG 5
WC Agricultural Engineering
SC Agriculture
GA QF370
UT WOS:A1994QF37000024
ER

PT J
AU TRACHTENBERG, E
   OGG, C
AF TRACHTENBERG, E
   OGG, C
TI POTENTIAL FOR REDUCING NITROGEN POLLUTION THROUGH IMPROVED AGRONOMIC
   PRACTICES
SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION; NUTRIENTS, NITROGEN; MANURE
ID FERTILIZER
AB According to the 1990 National Water Quality Inventory, nutrient runoff from agriculture is one of the largest contributors to watershed contamination.  Nutrient balance studies suggest that many farmers use more fertilizer than necessary because of insufficient crediting for nutrients coming from manure and legumes.  Using data from the USDA's 1990 Farm Costs and Returns Survey, we found that farmers raising only conventional crops spend between $470 to $624 million more per year on fertilizer than necessary.  This accounts for a range of 24 percent to 32 percent of total annual nitrogen (N) purchases.  The excess N amounts to between 2.5 to 3.3 billion pounds N and has considerable water pollution potential.  Farmers and the fertilizer industry have responded positively to highly focused research and education programs which support improved crediting of these nutrients.
C1 US EPA,OFF POLICY PLANNING & EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
RP TRACHTENBERG, E (reprint author), US EPA,401 M ST SW,MAIL CODE 2124,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 45
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 2
U2 5
PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC
PI HERNDON
PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528
SN 0043-1370
J9 WATER RESOUR BULL
JI Water Resour. Bull.
PD NOV-DEC
PY 1994
VL 30
IS 6
BP 1109
EP 1118
PG 10
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA QB051
UT WOS:A1994QB05100014
ER

PT J
AU SHANOFF, B
AF SHANOFF, B
TI ACCEPTING LIABILITY FOR HAZWASTES
SO WORLD WASTES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ARGUS BUSINESS
PI PITTSFIELD
PA PO BOX 5111, PITTSFIELD, MA 01203-9830
SN 0161-035X
J9 WORLD WASTE
PD NOV
PY 1994
VL 37
IS 11
BP 68
EP 68
PG 1
WC Engineering, Environmental
SC Engineering
GA PR707
UT WOS:A1994PR70700017
ER

PT J
AU KODAVANTI, PRS
   SHAFER, TJ
   WARD, TR
   MUNDY, WR
   FREUDENRICH, T
   HARRY, GJ
   TILSON, HA
AF KODAVANTI, PRS
   SHAFER, TJ
   WARD, TR
   MUNDY, WR
   FREUDENRICH, T
   HARRY, GJ
   TILSON, HA
TI DIFFERENTIAL-EFFECTS OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS ON
   PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HYDROLYSIS AND PROTEIN-KINASE-C TRANSLOCATION IN RAT
   CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS
SO BRAIN RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENER; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HYDROLYSIS; [H-3]
   PHORBOL ESTER BINDING; CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELL
ID INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR; PRIMARY
   CULTURES; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; AMINO-ACIDS; EXPOSURE; BINDING; NEURONS; BRAIN
AB Previous reports from our laboratory have suggested that the neuroactivity of some polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners is associated with perturbations in cellular Ca2+-homeostasis. We have characterized further the neurochemical effects of PCBs on signal transduction in primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells. The present experiments found that neither 2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl (DCBP), an ortho-substituted congener, nor 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCBP), a non-ortho-substituted congener, affected basal phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis in cerebellar granule cells. However, at concentrations up to 50 mu M, DCBP potentiated carbachol-stimulated PI hydrolysis, while decreasing it at 100 mu M. PCBP, on the other hand, had no effect on carbachol-stimulated PI hydrolysis in concentrations up to 100 mu M. [H-3]Phorbol ester ([H-3]PDBu) binding was used to determine protein kinase C (PKC) translocation. DCBP increased [H-3]PDBu binding in a concentration-dependent manner and a twofold increase was observed at 100 mu M in cerebellar granule cells. PCBP had no effect on [H-3]PDBu binding at concentrations up to 100 mu M. The effect of DCBP on [H-3]PDBu binding was time-dependent and was also dependent on the presence of external Ca2+ in the medium. To test the hypothesis that DCBP increases [H-3]PDBu binding by acting on receptor-activated calcium channels, the effects of DCBP were compared to those of L-glutamate. The effects of DCBP (50 mu M) and glutamate (20 mu M) were additive. MK-801, a non-competitive NMDA antagonist, blocked the effects of glutamate, but had no effect on the DCBP-induced increase in [H-3]PDBu binding. Other pharmacological pretreatments such as incubations with 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP; competitive NMDA antagonist), 6-cyano-7-nitro quinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX; AMPA antagonist), verapamil (Ca2+-channel antagonist) or tetrodotoxin (Na+ channel antagonist) also had no effect on DCBP-induced increases in [H-3]PDBu binding. These studies indicate that DCBP, a putative neuroactive PCB congener, has a biphasic effect on receptor-mediated PI hydrolysis and causes translocation of PKC in cerebellar granule cells.
C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   NIEHS,DIV INTRAMURAL RES,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RP KODAVANTI, PRS (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD 74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
RI Shafer, Timothy/D-6243-2013
NR 56
TC 85
Z9 86
U1 1
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0006-8993
J9 BRAIN RES
JI Brain Res.
PD OCT 31
PY 1994
VL 662
IS 1-2
BP 75
EP 82
DI 10.1016/0006-8993(94)90797-8
PG 8
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA PP066
UT WOS:A1994PP06600008
PM 7859093
ER

PT J
AU KUEHL, DW
   SERRANO, J
   NAUMANN, S
AF KUEHL, DW
   SERRANO, J
   NAUMANN, S
TI IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIALLY MUTAGENIC CONTAMINANTS IN THE AQUATIC
   ENVIRONMENT BY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC THERMOSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRIC
   CHARACTERIZATION OF IN-VITRO DNA-ADDUCTS
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
LA English
DT Article
ID ALLYLIC COMPOUNDS; MECHANISMS; BINDING
AB Liquid chromatographic-thermospray mass spectrometric (LC-TSP-MS) characterization of chemical adducts of DNA formed during in vitro reactions is proposed as an analytical technique to detect and identify those contaminants in aqueous environmental samples which have the propensity to be genotoxic, i.e. to covalently bond to DNA. The approach for direct-acting chemicals includes the in vitro incubation of DNA with contaminated aqueous samples at 37 degrees C, pH 7.0 for 0.5 to 6 h, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of the DNA to deoxynucleosides and LC-TSP-MS analysis of the resultant solution. A series of allylic reagents was used as model reactive electrophiles in synthetic aqueous samples to demonstrate that adduct formation was linear with both contaminant concentration and electrophilic reactivity potential. The characterizations can also estimate the proportion of bonding to different sites on a base, for instance, the ratio of O-6- to 7-alkylguanine (oxygen vs. nitrogen bonding) products, which is an important parameter in assessing the genotoxicology of chemicals.
C1 ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804.
RP KUEHL, DW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA.
NR 24
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
J9 J CHROMATOGR A
JI J. Chromatogr. A
PD OCT 28
PY 1994
VL 684
IS 1
BP 113
EP 119
DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(94)89137-0
PG 7
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA PP728
UT WOS:A1994PP72800012
ER

PT J
AU GARDINER, D
AF GARDINER, D
TI ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGENS
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
RP GARDINER, D (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD OCT 28
PY 1994
VL 266
IS 5185
BP 525
EP 526
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA PN807
UT WOS:A1994PN80700003
PM 7939692
ER

PT J
AU AIBA, A
   KANO, M
   CHEN, C
   STANTON, ME
   FOX, GD
   HERRUP, K
   ZWINGMAN, TA
   TONEGAWA, S
AF AIBA, A
   KANO, M
   CHEN, C
   STANTON, ME
   FOX, GD
   HERRUP, K
   ZWINGMAN, TA
   TONEGAWA, S
TI DEFICIENT CEREBELLAR LONG-TERM DEPRESSION AND IMPAIRED MOTOR LEARNING IN
   MGLUR1 MUTANT MICE
SO CELL
LA English
DT Article
ID METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR; NICTITATING-MEMBRANE RESPONSE;
   CONDITIONED EYELID RESPONSES; PURKINJE-CELL TRANSMISSION;
   CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MEMORY TRACE; INTERPOSITUS NUCLEUS; SYNAPTIC
   DEPRESSION; CLIMBING FIBER; DEVELOPING RAT
AB mGluR1 mutant mice are viable but show characteristic cerebellar symptoms such as ataxic gait and intention tremor. The anatomy of the cerebellum is not overtly disturbed. Excitatory synaptic transmission from parallel fibers (PFs) to Purkinje cells and that from climbing fibers (CFs) to Purkinje cells appear to be functional, and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels of Purkinje cells are normal. Both PF and CF synapses display normal short-term synaptic plasticity to paired stimuli. By marked contrast, long-term depression (LTD) is clearly deficient and conditioned eyeblink response is impaired. We conclude that mGluR1 is required for the induction of LTD and that the ataxic behavior and impaired eyeblink conditioning of the mGluR1 mutant mice are primarily due to deficient LTD.
C1 MIT,DEPT BIOL,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139.
   JICHI MED SCH,DEPT PHYSIOL,MINAMI KAWACHI,TOCHIGI 32904,JAPAN.
   US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC.
   CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,ALZHEIMERS RES LABS,CLEVELAND,OH 44106.
RP AIBA, A (reprint author), MIT,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,CTR LEARNING & MEMORY,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA.
FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS20591, R01 NS32925]
NR 75
TC 637
Z9 644
U1 1
U2 28
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 1050 MASSACHUSETTES AVE, CIRCULATION DEPT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138
SN 0092-8674
J9 CELL
JI Cell
PD OCT 21
PY 1994
VL 79
IS 2
BP 377
EP 388
PG 12
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
GA PN630
UT WOS:A1994PN63000020
PM 7954803
ER

PT J
AU SANDHU, SS
   DESERRES, FJ
   GOPALAN, HNB
   GRANT, WF
   VELEMINSKY, J
   BECKING, GC
AF SANDHU, SS
   DESERRES, FJ
   GOPALAN, HNB
   GRANT, WF
   VELEMINSKY, J
   BECKING, GC
TI AN INTRODUCTION AND STUDY DESIGN
SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE HIGHER PLANT SYSTEMS; TRADESCANTIA CLONE 4430; ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA
   EMBRYO AND CHLOROPHYLL ASSAY; VICIA FABA ROOT TIP ASSAY; STAMEN HAIR
   ASSAY; MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY
ID GENE-TOX PROGRAM; VICIA-FABA
AB Under the sponsorship of the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), 17 laboratories from diverse regions of the world participated in evaluating the utility of four plant bioassays for detecting genetic hazards of environmental chemicals. The bioassays included in this collaborative study were: Arabidopsis thaliana embryo and chlorophyll assay and Tradescantia stamen hair assay, Tradescantia paludosa micronucleus assay and Vicia faba root tip assay. Four to six laboratories participated in the performance of each of the bioassays. All laboratories participating in a particular bioassay were supplied with uniform plant material as well as a standardized protocol. Five direct acting water soluble test chemicals, i.e. maleic hydrazide, methyl nitrosourea, ethyl methanesulfonate, sodium azide and azidoglycerol, were selected for this study. The study was designed to be completed in three phases. Ethyl methanesulfonate was used as a positive control and has already been reported earlier (Sandhu et al., 1991). The data from the remaining four chemicals used for the evaluation of four plant test systems in the first phase of the collaborative study are reported in this issue.
C1 RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   UN ENVIRONM PROGRAM,NAIROBI,KENYA.
   MCGILL UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,ST ANNE BELLEVUE H9X 3V9,PQ,CANADA.
   INST EXPTL BOT,PRAGUE,CZECH REPUBLIC.
   WHO,IRRU,INT PROGRAMME CHEM SAFETY,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RP SANDHU, SS (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 10
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0027-5107
J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M
JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen.
PD OCT 16
PY 1994
VL 310
IS 2
BP 169
EP 173
DI 10.1016/0027-5107(94)90111-2
PG 5
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA PM082
UT WOS:A1994PM08200002
PM 7523889
ER

PT J
AU MA, TH
   CABRERA, GL
   CHEN, R
   GILL, BS
   SANDHU, SS
   VANDENBERG, AL
   SALAMONE, MF
AF MA, TH
   CABRERA, GL
   CHEN, R
   GILL, BS
   SANDHU, SS
   VANDENBERG, AL
   SALAMONE, MF
TI TRADESCANTIA-MICRONUCLEUS BIOASSAY
SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE TRADESCANTIA CLONE 4430; MALEIC HYDRAZIDE; AZIDOGLYCEROL;
   N-METHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; SODIUM AZIDE
ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; CLASTOGENICITY; MUTAGENS; SYSTEM; AZIDE; ASSAY;
   TESTS; WATER
AB Four coded chemicals, azidoglycerol (AG), N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), sodium azide (NaN3), and maleic hydrazide (MH), were tested with the Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MCN) bioassay by five independent laboratories from five different countries. The purpose of this international collaborative study was to evaluate four plant bioassays, of which the Trad-MCN assay was one, for their sensitivity, efficiency and reliability. The study was carried out under the sponsorship of the International Programme on Chemical Safety. All laboratories adhered to a standard Trad-MCN protocol which suggested that three replicate tests be conducted with each chemical. The results reported by all laboratories, although not equal, showed good agreement among the laboratories. In fact, all five laboratories obtained positive results with MH and MNU, while four of the five laboratories achieved positive results with NaN3. AG was tested in only three laboratories. Two reported negative results, while one reported positive results but only at a single high dose. The data from this study suggest that under normal conditions, the Trad-MCN bioassay is an efficient and reliable short-term bioassay for clastogens. It is suitable for the rapid screening of chemicals, and also is specially qualified for in situ monitoring of ambient pollutants.
C1 UNIV AUTONOMA QUERETARO,CTR ESTUDIOS ACAD SOBRE CONTAMINAC AMBIENTAL,QUERETARO,MEXICO.
   GUANGXI INST BOT,GUILIN 451006,PEOPLES R CHINA.
   ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   ONTARIO MINIST ENVIRONM,BIOHAZARD LAB,REXDALE M9W 5L1,ON,CANADA.
RP MA, TH (reprint author), WESTERN ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,525 MEADOW DR,MACOMB,IL 61455, USA.
NR 36
TC 112
Z9 118
U1 2
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0027-5107
J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M
JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen.
PD OCT 16
PY 1994
VL 310
IS 2
BP 221
EP 230
DI 10.1016/0027-5107(94)90115-5
PG 10
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA PM082
UT WOS:A1994PM08200006
PM 7523893
ER

PT J
AU KANAYA, N
   GILL, BS
   GROVER, IS
   MURIN, A
   OSIECKA, R
   SANDHU, SS
   ANDERSSON, HC
AF KANAYA, N
   GILL, BS
   GROVER, IS
   MURIN, A
   OSIECKA, R
   SANDHU, SS
   ANDERSSON, HC
TI VICIA-FABA CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATION ASSAY
SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE IPCS COLLABORATIVE STUDY; VICIA FABA; CLASTOGENS; CHROMOSOMAL
   ABERRATIONS; MALEIC HYDRAZIDE; 3-AZIDOGLYCEROL; N-METHYL-N-NITROSOUREA;
   SODIUM AZIDE
ID INDUCTION; MUTAGENS; PROGRAM; AZIDE
AB A collaborative study involving laboratories in six countries was initiated under the sponsorship of the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) to determine the sensitivity, efficiency and reliability of the Vicia faba root tip meristem chromosomal aberration assay using a standardized protocol. The six laboratories that participated in this study were located in the Slovak Republic, India, Japan, Poland, Sweden and the USA. All laboratories adhered to a standardized protocol for the Vicia faba chromosomal aberration assay. Four coded chemicals, azidoglycerol (AG), N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), sodium azide (NaN3) and maleic hydrazide (MH) were tested with the Vicia faba chromosomal aberration assay. Of the four chemicals, three (MH, AG and MNU) were found to be clastogenic and gave a concentration related response. However, the results of NaN3 were equivocal which might be explained by the stability of NaN3. The conclusions from this study suggest that the Vicia faba chromosomal aberration bioassay is an efficient and reliable short-term bioassay for the rapid screening of chemicals for clastogenicity.
C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   GURU NANAK DEV UNIV,DEPT BOT SCI,AMRITSAR 143005,PUNJAB,INDIA.
   COMENIUS UNIV BRATISLAVA,INST MOLEC & SUBCELLULAR BIOL,KARYOL LAB,BRATISLAVA 81102,SLOVAKIA.
   UNIV LODZ,PLANT CYTOL & CYTOCHEM LAB,PL-90237 LODZ,POLAND.
   US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LABS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   NATL FOOD ADM TOXICOL LAB,S-75126 UPPSALA,SWEDEN.
RP KANAYA, N (reprint author), KEIO UNIV,DEPT BIOL,YOKOHAMA,KANAGAWA 223,JAPAN.
NR 36
TC 68
Z9 91
U1 3
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0027-5107
J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M
JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen.
PD OCT 16
PY 1994
VL 310
IS 2
BP 231
EP 247
DI 10.1016/0027-5107(94)90116-3
PG 17
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA PM082
UT WOS:A1994PM08200007
PM 7523894
ER

PT J
AU GICHNER, T
   BADAYEV, SA
   DEMCHENKO, SI
   RELICHOVA, J
   SANDHU, SS
   USMANOV, PD
   USMANOVA, O
   VELEMINSKY, J
AF GICHNER, T
   BADAYEV, SA
   DEMCHENKO, SI
   RELICHOVA, J
   SANDHU, SS
   USMANOV, PD
   USMANOVA, O
   VELEMINSKY, J
TI ARABIDOPSIS ASSAY FOR MUTAGENICITY
SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE IPCS COLLABORATIVE STUDY; ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA; EMBRYONIC AND
   CHLOROPHYLL MUTANTS; ETHYL METHANESULFONATE; N-METHYL-N-NITROSOUREA;
   AZIDOGLYCEROL; MALEIC HYDRAZIDE; SODIUM AZIDE
ID SODIUM-AZIDE
AB Four laboratories, two in the Czech Republic (Brno and Prague) and two in the CIS (Moscow and Duschanbe), participated in the International Programme on Chemical Safety's (IPCS) collaborative study to evaluate the utility of the most commonly used plant test systems, including the Arabidopsis thaliana assay, for assessing the mutagenic potential of environmental agents. Out of the five compounds evaluated in the Arabidopsis assay, three compounds, i.e., ethyl methanesulfonate, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, and azidoglycerol, were reported to be mutagenic by all four participating laboratories. Sodium azide (NaN3) demonstrated a negative response in all four laboratories, whereas maleic hydrazide was reported to be weakly mutagenic by one laboratory and nonmutagenic by the other three laboratories.
C1 MOSCOW CHEM PHYS INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA.
   FAC SCI BRNO,DEPT GENET,BRNO,CZECH REPUBLIC.
   US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   TAJIK ACAD SCI,DEPT GENET,DUSHANBE,TAJIKSTAN.
RP GICHNER, T (reprint author), INST EXPTL BOT,NA KARLOVCE 1A,CR-16000 PRAGUE 6,CZECH REPUBLIC.
RI Gichner, Tomas/I-2036-2014
OI Gichner, Tomas/0000-0003-3787-1451
NR 7
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0027-5107
J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M
JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen.
PD OCT 16
PY 1994
VL 310
IS 2
BP 249
EP 256
DI 10.1016/0027-5107(94)90117-1
PG 8
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA PM082
UT WOS:A1994PM08200008
PM 7523895
ER

PT J
AU SANDHU, SS
   DESERRES, FJ
   GOPALAN, HNB
   GRANT, WF
   SVENDSGAARD, D
   VELEMINSKY, J
   BECKING, GC
AF SANDHU, SS
   DESERRES, FJ
   GOPALAN, HNB
   GRANT, WF
   SVENDSGAARD, D
   VELEMINSKY, J
   BECKING, GC
TI RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE PLANT TEST SYSTEMS; ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA; TRADESCANTIA CLONE 4430; VICIA
   FABA; IPCS COLLABORATIVE STUDY; MALEIC HYDRAZIDE; AZIDOGLYCEROL;
   N-METHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; SODIUM AZIDE
ID COMPLEX-MIXTURES; TRADESCANTIA; INDUCTION; MUTAGENS
AB In the first phase of a collaborative study by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), four coded chemicals, i.e. azidoglycerol (AG, 3-azido-1,2-propanediol), methyl nitrosourea (MNU), sodium azide (NaN3) and maleic hydrazide (MH), and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) as a positive control were tested in four plant bioassays, namely the Arabidopsis embryo and chlorophyll mutation assay, the Tradescantia stamen hair assay (Trad-SH assay), the Tradescantia micronucleus assay (Trad-MCN), and the Vicia faba root tip assay. Seventeen laboratories from diverse regions of the world participated with four to six laboratories each using one plant assay. For the Arabidopsis assay, laboratories were in agreement with MNU and AG giving positive responses and NaN3 giving a negative response. With the exception of one laboratory which reported MH as weakly mutagenic, no mutagenic response was reported for MH by the other laboratories. For the Vicia faba assay, all laboratories reported a positive response for MNU, AG, and MH, whereas two of the six laboratories reported a negative response for NaN3. For the Trad-SH assay, MH was reported as giving a positive response and a positive response was also observed for MNU with the exception of one laboratory. NaN3, which exhibited a relatively high degree of toxicity, elicited a positive response in three of the five laboratories. AG was found positive in only one of the two laboratories which tested this chemical. For the Trad-MCN assay, MNU and MH were reported as positive by all laboratories, while four out of five laboratories reported NaN3 to be positive. Only one of three laboratories reported AG to be positive. The major sources of variability were identified and considered to be in the same range as found in similar studies on other test
C1 RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   UN ENVIRONM PROGRAM,NAIROBI,KENYA.
   MCGILL UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,ST ANNE BELLEVUE H9X 3V9,PQ,CANADA.
   INST EXPTL BOT,PRAGUE,CZECH REPUBLIC.
   WHO,IRRU,INT PROGRAMME CHEM SAFETY,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RP SANDHU, SS (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 22
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0027-5107
J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M
JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen.
PD OCT 16
PY 1994
VL 310
IS 2
BP 257
EP 263
DI 10.1016/0027-5107(94)90118-X
PG 7
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA PM082
UT WOS:A1994PM08200009
PM 7523896
ER

PT J
AU RABINOWITZ, JR
   LITTLE, SB
AF RABINOWITZ, JR
   LITTLE, SB
TI COMPARISON OF QUANTUM-MECHANICAL METHODS TO COMPUTE THE BIOLOGICALLY
   RELEVANT REACTIVITIES OF CYCLOPENTA-POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID FREE-ENERGIES; MODEL; SOLVATION; CELLS; AM1
AB In computational studies to understand the interaction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with biomolecular systems, the semiempirical method AM1 has been used previously to determine the geometry of the PAH and its metabolites and relevant intermediates. A number of studies have shown that AM1 provides geometries for parent PAHs that are acceptably close to experimentally determined structures. However, many of the properties that determine the manner by which PAHs interact with biological nucleophiles depend on the structure of metabolites and reactive intermediates where less experimental information is available. In a previous study, we used AM1 to obtain the molecular geometries of reactive intermediates of cyclopenta-PAHs (cPAHs) and then used single-point Hartree-Fock calculations, with the Gaussian 3-21g basis set, to obtain molecular energies and charge distributions, in order to predict the direction of epoxide ring opening. Recent advances in the availability of computational hardware and software have provided other, more rigorous, methods for approaching this problem. In this study, we used Hartree-Fock methods in the Gaussian series of programs employing the 3-21 g and 6-31 g* basis sets and the local density functional method Dmol to obtain molecular geometries, energies, and charge distributions of the epoxides and the two potential hydroxycarbocations that could result from protonated ring opening, for a series of cPAHs. We have also performed the same calculations with AMSOL/SM2, a semiempirical method that adds the effect of the aqueous environment to the AM1 Hamiltonian. The division of the cPAHs into classes is not altered by these more rigorous calculations. The inclusion of water in the Hamiltonian has a greater effect on the results than using the ab initio methods to obtain the structure. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RP RABINOWITZ, JR (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 17
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0020-7608
J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM
JI Int. J. Quantum Chem.
PD OCT 15
PY 1994
VL 52
IS 3
BP 681
EP 691
DI 10.1002/qua.560520310
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications;
   Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics
GA PK790
UT WOS:A1994PK79000009
ER

PT J
AU GENTHNER, FJ
   FOSS, SS
   FISHER, WS
AF GENTHNER, FJ
   FOSS, SS
   FISHER, WS
TI TESTING OF THE INSECT PEST-CONTROL FUNGUS BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA IN GRASS
   SHRIMP PALAEMONETES-PUGIO
SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
LA English
DT Article
DE BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL NONTARGET
   EFFECTS
ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MACRODACTYLUS; EMBRYOS; GROWTH; EGGS
AB Embryos, larvae and adult grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio were exposed to spores of the insect-control fungus Beauveria bassiana.  Conidiospores attached to embryos held by gravid females and remained with the egg mass for at least 6 d.  In the first experiment where individual developing embryos contained in test tubes were exposed to conidiospores of B. bassiana, 2 of the 75 embryos became infected and died, and a third was abnormal at hatch.  In Expt 2, a repeat experiment, no adverse effects were observed.  In subsequent experiments, attempts were made to increase the probability of infection or abnormal development for embryos exposed to B. bassiana.  Strategies for these attempts included lowering the salinity, adding a carbon source for the fungus to the test water, or rendering embryos free of potentially protective symbiotic bacteria with an antibacterial agent.  All attempts were unsuccessful in promoting infection or abnormal development. B. bassiana did not cause any adverse effects during shrimp larval development.  In adult shrimp lethal infections only occurred in specimens injected with either conidiospores or blastospores of B. bassiana.
RP GENTHNER, FJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,1 SABINE ISL DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA.
NR 30
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 1
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0177-5103
J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN
JI Dis. Aquat. Org.
PD OCT 13
PY 1994
VL 20
IS 1
BP 49
EP 57
DI 10.3354/dao020049
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA PX149
UT WOS:A1994PX14900006
ER

PT J
AU PETERS, EC
   YEVICH, PP
   HARSHBARGER, JC
   ZAROOGIAN, GE
AF PETERS, EC
   YEVICH, PP
   HARSHBARGER, JC
   ZAROOGIAN, GE
TI COMPARATIVE HISTOPATHOLOGY OF GONADAL NEOPLASMS IN MARINE BIVALVE
   MOLLUSKS
SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
LA English
DT Review
DE BIVALVE MOLLUSKS; GERMINOMA; GONADOBLASTOMA; HISTOPATHOLOGY
ID SOFT-SHELL CLAMS; MYA-ARENARIA; AQUATIC ANIMALS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; CELLS;
   TRANSMISSION; POPULATIONS; DISORDERS; DISEASES; OYSTER
AB Comparative histology of gonadal neoplasms in 14 marine bivalve species or hybrids from 5 countries described in the literature and/or archived in the Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals (RTLA), Washington, DC, USA, revealed 3 basic histotypes. Hundreds of cases were of germ cell origin with different stages of development. They consisted of undifferentiated germ cells that filled individual follicles (stage 1), were present throughout the gonadal area (stage 2), or had spread to outlying tissues (stage 3). Five cases were of stromal origin. The connective tissue comprising these tumors ranged from vesicular to myxoid to spindle-cell. As these tumors grew, they invaded and destroyed normal follicles. Three cases representing a third histotype appeared to be of both germ cell and stromal origin. Two of these 3 were among 15 Crassostrea virginica recently collected from the Pawcatuck River, Rhode Island, USA. In the most advanced case, basophilic hypertrophied neoplastic germ cells were rapidly proliferating along the walls of gonadal follicles and the ducts that extended into the mantle, while the central region of the tumor mass was densely fibrous. Some neoplastic cells in follicles adjacent to normal ova-bearing follicles were differentiating into spermatocytes. Tumor cells aggressively crossed the follicular basement membrane, invaded the vesicular connective tissue supporting the gill axis, and formed a cystic mass along the luminal wall of the branchial vein. The less advanced C. virginica case had a smaller, less aggressive tumor but its basic features were similar. The third case similar in composition, pattern, and behavior was in a C. gigas that had been collected during the 1960s from the Willapa Bay, Washington, USA, and had originally been interpreted as a fibroma. All 3 of these mixed gonadal-stromal neoplasms are presently diagnosed as gonadoblastomas.
C1 NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, REGISTRY TUMORS LOWER ANIM, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA.
   US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, NARRAGANSETT, RI 02882 USA.
NR 66
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 1
U2 3
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0177-5103
EI 1616-1580
J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN
JI Dis. Aquat. Org.
PD OCT 13
PY 1994
VL 20
IS 1
BP 59
EP 76
DI 10.3354/dao020059
PG 18
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA PX149
UT WOS:A1994PX14900007
ER

PT J
AU BRUMLEY, WC
   BROWNRIGG, CM
   GRANGE, AH
AF BRUMLEY, WC
   BROWNRIGG, CM
   GRANGE, AH
TI CAPILLARY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY AND MICELLAR
   ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY AS COMPLEMENTARY TECHNIQUES IN
   ENVIRONMENTAL-ANALYSIS
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on High Performance Capillary
   Electrophoresis (HPCE 94)
CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 1994
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
ID ATOM-BOMBARDMENT INTERFACE; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; PARTICLE BEAM;
   HERBICIDES; SEPARATION; ACIDS
AB Applications of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary liquid chromatography (LC) to environmental analysis have been limited. In this work we present applications of micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) to the analysis of environmental matrices for synthetic dyes. Separations obtained by capillary LC are compared with those obtained under MEKC for seven selected dyes. Both techniques are capable of resolving the subject compounds at high efficiency. Recovery data for spiked water and soil matrices were obtained for four dyes using solid-phase extraction cartridges and disks with determination by MEKC-UV detection. Both pH adjustment via acid and ion-pairing via a cationic surfactant were investigated for isolating dyes. Capillary LC detection was by continuous-flow liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (CF-LSI-MS) whereas MEKC used UV detection (214 nm). Application of peak-profiling at high mass resolution is illustrated with the capillary LC-MS technique. Interfacing capillary LC under GF-LSI-MS using the coaxial arrangement is easier than interfacing CE with this arrangement. MEKC provides a powerful screening and determinative technique, while capillary LC-MS provides a confirmatory tool.
C1 LOCKHEED ENVIRONM SCI & TECHNOL CO,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119.
RP BRUMLEY, WC (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA.
NR 26
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
J9 J CHROMATOGR A
JI J. Chromatogr. A
PD OCT 7
PY 1994
VL 680
IS 2
BP 635
EP 644
DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)85163-8
PG 10
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA PM250
UT WOS:A1994PM25000033
ER

PT J
AU SELIFONOVA, OV
   BARKAY, T
AF SELIFONOVA, OV
   BARKAY, T
TI ROLE OF NA+ IN TRANSPORT OF HG2+ AND INDUCTION OF THE TN21 MER OPERON
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BACTERIAL RESISTANCES; TRANSCRIPTION COMPLEX; MERCURY RESISTANCE; CLONED
   FRAGMENTS; ION TRANSPORT; GENE-PRODUCTS; SODIUM; EXPRESSION; BINDING;
   BIOLUMINESCENCE
AB The effects of sodium ions on the uptake of Hg2+ and induction of the Tn21 mer operon were studied by using Escherichia coli HMS174 harboring the reporter plasmids pRB28 and pOS14. Plasmid pRB28 carries merRT', and pOS14 carries merRTPC of the mer operon, both cloned upstream of a promoterless luciferase gene cassette in pUCD615. The bioluminescent response to 1 mu M Hg2+ was significantly inhibited in E. coli HMS174(pRB28) in minimal medium supplemented with sodium ions at 10 to 140 mM. After initial acceleration, light emission declined at 50 nM Hg2+ in, the presence of Na+. The mer-lux assay with resting cells carrying pRB28 and Hg-203(2+) uptake experiments showed increased induction and enhanced mercury uptake, respectively, in media supplemented with sodium ions. The presence of Na+ facilitated maintenance of bioluminescence in resting HMS174(pRB28) cells induced with 50 nM Hg2+. External K+ stimulated bioluminescent response in HMS174(pRB28) and HMS174(pOS14) grown in sodium phosphate minimal medium devoid of potassium ions. Sodium ions appear to facilitate mercury transport, We propose that sodium-coupled transport of mercuric ions can be one of the mechanisms for mercury uptake by E. coli and that the Na+ gradient may energize the transport of Hg2+.
C1 UNIV W FLORIDA,CTR ENVIRONM DIAGNOST & BIOREMEDIAT,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561.
RP SELIFONOVA, OV (reprint author), US EPA,UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI,ERL,1 SABINE ISL DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA.
NR 38
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 60
IS 10
BP 3503
EP 3507
PG 5
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA PK266
UT WOS:A1994PK26600004
PM 7986028
ER

PT J
AU COLLETTE, TW
   RICHARDSON, SD
   THRUSTON, AD
AF COLLETTE, TW
   RICHARDSON, SD
   THRUSTON, AD
TI IDENTIFICATION OF BROMOHYDRINS IN OZONATED WATERS
SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE GC/FT-IR; GC/MS; CHEMICAL IONIZATION MS; ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS;
   DRINKING WATER DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; OZONATION
ID TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROMETRY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HAZARDOUS-WASTE
AB Because ozonation is becoming a popular alternative to chlorination for disinfection of drinking water and little is known about the potential adverse health effects of ozonation disinfection by-products (DBPs), we have sought to identify ozone DBPs, particularly brominated organics, which are of principal concern due to their anticipated toxicity. Using gas chromatography coupled (independently) to low-resolution electron-impact mass spectrometry (LR-EI-MS), high-resolution EI-MS, chemical ionization MS (with 2% ammonia in methane), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, we have identified a series of bromohydrins and related compounds detected in extracts of an ozonated natural water sample that was artificially enhanced with bromide. The bromohydrins, which constituted the majority of by-products in the samples we studied, were detected but could not be identified by GC/LR-EI-MS, the technique used almost exclusively for environmental monitoring. A key to identifying the bromohydrins was the manifestation of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the gas-phase IR spectra. Many of the by-products had two chiral centers, and both diastereomers were present and were separated by GC. In most cases, the IR spectra also permitted us to distinguish between diastereomers. We interpreted the IR and EI-MS spectra of several representative compounds in detail, and gave peak assignments for all that were identified. Molecular mechanics calculations and an experimental determination of the enthalpy change for conversion of free and hydrogen-bound conformers for a representative bromohydrin were used to verify the IR interpretations.
RP COLLETTE, TW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA.
NR 22
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 3
PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
PI FREDERICK
PA PO BOX 1438, FREDERICK, MD 21701
SN 0003-7028
J9 APPL SPECTROSC
JI Appl. Spectrosc.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 48
IS 10
BP 1181
EP 1192
DI 10.1366/0003702944027471
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy
GA PQ696
UT WOS:A1994PQ69600001
ER

PT J
AU RACCHI, M
   BERGAMASCHI, S
   GOVONI, S
   WETSEL, WC
   BIANCHETTI, A
   BINETTI, G
   BATTAINI, F
   TRABUCCHI, M
AF RACCHI, M
   BERGAMASCHI, S
   GOVONI, S
   WETSEL, WC
   BIANCHETTI, A
   BINETTI, G
   BATTAINI, F
   TRABUCCHI, M
TI CHARACTERIZATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF PROTEIN-KINASE-C ISOFORMS IN HUMAN
   SKIN FIBROBLASTS
SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE PROTEIN KINASE C ISOFORMS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; HUMAN SKIN FIBROBLASTS;
   SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONATION; PHORBOL ESTERS
ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE FIBROBLASTS; RAT-BRAIN; EXPRESSION; HETEROGENEITY;
   ISOENZYMES; ISOZYMES; CALCIUM; LIGAND
AB In the present study we have examined the distribution of several isoforms of protein kinase C, a lipid-regulated serine/threonine kinase essential for signal transduction and cell regulation, in cultured human skin fibroblasts. By Western blot analysis we have detected the presence of at least three of the known protein kinase C isoforms. The calcium-dependent protein kinase C alpha was primarily associated with the cytosolic fraction. Three non-calcium-dependent isoforms, protein kinases C epsilon, C delta, and C zeta, were also detected. Protein kinases C zeta and C delta were present primarily in the cytosol, while protein kinase CE was associated primarily with the membrane fraction. Binding and activity studies were consistent with the pattern of expression and distribution defined by Western blot analysis. These results provide a useful frame of reference for the study of isoform-specific effects of protein kinase C in the regulation of cell growth and metabolism. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 NATL INST ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
   SACRED HEART HOSP,ALZHEIMERS DEPT,BRESCIA,ITALY.
   UNIV ROMA TOR VERGATA,DEPT EXPTL MED & BIOCHEM SCI,I-00173 ROME,ITALY.
RP RACCHI, M (reprint author), UNIV MILAN,IST SCI FARMACOL,VIA BALZARETTI 9,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY.
RI Battaini , Fiorenzo/H-2617-2012; Govoni, Stefano/K-2965-2015; Binetti,
   Giuliano/K-4519-2016; 
OI Govoni, Stefano/0000-0002-7243-6837; Binetti,
   Giuliano/0000-0003-2759-5844; Racchi, Marco/0000-0002-7185-7808
NR 19
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0003-9861
J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS
JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 314
IS 1
BP 107
EP 111
DI 10.1006/abbi.1994.1417
PG 5
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
GA PM604
UT WOS:A1994PM60400013
PM 7944381
ER

PT J
AU NEBEKER, AV
   SCHUYTEMA, GS
   OTT, SL
AF NEBEKER, AV
   SCHUYTEMA, GS
   OTT, SL
TI EFFECTS OF CADMIUM ON LIMB REGENERATION IN THE NORTHWESTERN SALAMANDER
   AMBYSTOMA GRACILE
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID METALS
AB Tests were conducted to determine the effects of cadmium on leg regeneration in larvae of the Northwestern salamander, Ambystoma gracile. Cadmium significantly affected limb regrowth (LOAEL = lowest observed adverse effect level) at 193.1 mu g/L in a 24-day test and at 44.6 mu g/L in a 10-day test. There were no significant adverse effects (NOAEL = no observed adverse effects level) at 48.9 mu g/L in 24-day and 12.8 mu g/L in 10-day tests.
RP NEBEKER, AV (reprint author), US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA.
NR 19
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 27
IS 3
BP 318
EP 322
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA PD585
UT WOS:A1994PD58500006
ER

PT J
AU SHIRAZI, MA
   ROBIDEAUX, ML
   KAPUSTKA, LA
   WAGNER, JJ
   REPORTER, MC
AF SHIRAZI, MA
   ROBIDEAUX, ML
   KAPUSTKA, LA
   WAGNER, JJ
   REPORTER, MC
TI CELL-GROWTH IN PLANT CULTURES - AN INTERPRETATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF
   INITIAL WEIGHT IN CADMIUM AND COPPER TOXICITY TESTS
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ZINC
AB An approach is presented for conducting and interpreting results of newly established plant cell culture in toxicity studies. Extended culturing produces uniform suspension and facilitates sampling. Primary (new) cultures are more representative of responses of their plant species but produce nonuniform suspension due to clumping and clumping presents unavoidable sampling difficulties. Evaluations were made of the response of plant cell suspension in primary cultures subjected to metal stress in three differente experiment. Sampling and data interpretation were examined in detail, using mathematical models. Cells were selected from callus cultures of Medicago sativa and green Mandevilla pohliana for experiments using copper and from non-green Mandevilla pohliana for an experiment using cadmium. Distributions of as many as 21 elements in soluble and cell-residue compartments were determined. The interaction of treatment with copper and element distribution was emphasized. Culture status was traced microscopically and growth measured as change in cell fresh weight. The initial weight of each culture replicate could not be held constant due to non-uniform suspension. A mathematical model that described the interactions of the initial weight, exposure time, and metal concentrations was developed to analyze the data. The model revealed stimulation of cell growth when subjected to low concentration of copper and no-growth stimulation with low or moderate concentrations of cadmium. This finding resolves some of the confusion in the literature relative to the effect of low doses of cadmium.
C1 OREGON STATE UNIV, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA.
   US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA.
   MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC, ENVIRONM RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA.
   ECOL PLANNING & TOXICOL INC, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA.
   PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 3
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 27
IS 3
BP 331
EP 337
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA PD585
UT WOS:A1994PD58500008
ER

PT J
AU BURTON, RM
AF BURTON, RM
TI FIELD METHOD COMPARISON FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF ACID AEROSOLS AND
   GASES
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE ACID AEROSOLS; ACID GASES; METHOD INTERCOMPARISON; SAMPLERS
ID ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; SYSTEM; CALIBRATION
AB This paper presents findings from two intercomparison studies of acid aerosol measurement systems, which were conducted in Uniontown and State College, PA, during the summers of 1990 and 1991, respectively. As part of these studies, acid aerosol and gas concentrations (NH3, HNO3, HNO3, SO2, H+, NK4+, NO3-, SO42-) were measured using five systems: the Harvard/EPA Annular Denuder Systems (HEADS), the Personal Annular Denuder System (PADS), the Continuous Sulfate/Thermal Speciation system (CSTS), the Micro-Orifice Impactor (MOI), and the Harvard Marple Impactor (HI). Concentrations were measured over 3, 12, and 24 h periods, with resultant acid aerosol and gas measurements compared for each system. Results from these studies show excellent agreement among the particulate measurement systems. The sulfate (SO42-), aerosol strong acidity (H+), and ammonium (NH4+) concentrations measured by all systems were highly correlated. In addition, 3 and 12 h particulate measurements were comparable for HEADS, MOI, and PADS samplers. Although significantly different, mean relative differences between HEADS measurements and those obtained using the HI and CSTS (SO42- only) systems were small. For the gases nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), the performance of the HEADS sampler was found to be independent of sample duration, as the 3 and 12 h HEADS measurements were comparable. The PADS sampler, however, was found to measure concentrations of both HNO3 and SO2 poorly. PADS measurements, of HNO3 in particular, were significantly lower than corresponding HEADS measurements. These lower values probably resulted from their deposition on the inlet surfaces of the PADS sampler. The performance of the measurement systems for ammonia (NH3), nitrous acid (HONO), and nitrate (NO3-) could not be determined, since their outdoor levels generally were near or below the limit of detection (LOD).
C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ENGN PROGRAM,BOSTON,MA 02115.
   US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LABS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27715.
RP BURTON, RM (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH ENVIRONM SCI,665 HUNTINGTON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 18
BP 2981
EP 2989
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PQ989
UT WOS:A1994PQ98900007
ER

PT J
AU SPENCE, JW
   MCHENRY, JN
AF SPENCE, JW
   MCHENRY, JN
TI DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL CORROSION MAPS FOR GALVANIZED STEEL BY LINKING
   THE RADM ENGINEERING MODEL WITH AN ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION MODEL
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION MODEL (ACM); REGIONAL ACID DEPOSITION MODEL
   (RADM); ENGINEERING MODEL (EM); MESOSCALE METEOROLOGICAL MODEL 4 (MM-4);
   GALVANIZED STEEL PANELS; REGIONAL CORROSION MAPS; DRY AND WET DEPOSITION
ID ACID DEPOSITION MODEL; DRY DEPOSITION; IMPACT; PH
AB Annual corrosion rates for galvanized steel standard panels were estimated for eastern North America and part of southern Canada using the Regional Acid Deposition Model/Engineering Model (RADM/EM) and the Mesoscale Meteorological Model 4 (MM-4) to drive an Atmospheric Corrosion Model (ACM). The galvanized steel ACM examines the contributions of wet and dry deposition, including anthropogenic and naturally occurring atmospheric species, to galvanized steel structure corrosion. The results show agreement between model-predicted and field-measured annual corrosion rates of galvanized steel panels, except for an exposure site located in up-state New York. Further comparison of corrosion rates showed some spatial disagreement of the relative contributions to the individual corrosion processes, particularly for the New York site. In addition, RADM/EM/MM-4 was used to predict the change in ambient sulfur (8) concentrations and hydrogen ion deposition from a hypothetical uniform 50% reduction in S emissions. Using the ACM, the effects of the emission reduction on the annually estimated corrosion rates were modeled. The results show a beneficial reduction in regional corrosion rates estimated annually. However, due to nonlinearities associated with wet and dry deposition, the corrosion rates decline in a less than 1:1 proportion to the emissions reduction.
C1 MCNC,N CAROLINA SUPERCOMP CTR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP SPENCE, JW (reprint author), US EPA,EMAP CTR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 27
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 18
BP 3033
EP 3046
DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90348-4
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PQ989
UT WOS:A1994PQ98900011
ER

PT J
AU PAYMENT, P
   FRANCO, E
   FOUT, GS
AF PAYMENT, P
   FRANCO, E
   FOUT, GS
TI INCIDENCE OF NORWALK VIRUS-INFECTIONS DURING A PROSPECTIVE
   EPIDEMIOLOGIC-STUDY OF DRINKING-WATER RELATED GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE DRINKING WATER; NORWALK VIRUS; GASTROENTERITIS; SEROPREVALENCE
ID ACUTE NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK;
   PREVALENCE; ANTIBODY; CONSUMPTION; RISK
AB To determine the seroprevalence of Norwalk virus and whether Norwalk virus contributed to an observed increase in illness in tap water drinkers participating in a prospective epidemiological study, sera collected during the study were examined for changes in Norwalk virus antibody titer, using a specific enzyme immunoassay. Antibodies to Norwalk virus were measured in sera collected in March, June, and September 1988 and in June 1989, and antibodies were found in 79% of the individuals. Seroprevalence increased with age, being 55% (ages 9-19), 79% (20-39), 87% (40-49), 84% (50-59), and 100% (60 and older). Norwalk infections occurred in 33% of the individuals during the course of the study. The highest rate of infection (expressed as a monthly rate) was observed during the summer of 1988. These results confirm that a large number of infections owing to Norwalk viruses occur throughout the year. A previous seroconversion or a high serum titer were not always protective. Finally, there was no detectable difference in infection rate between consumers of tap water and consumers of water treated by reverse-osmosis units, suggesting that Norwalk virus infections were not responsible for the excess of gastrointestinal illness observed in tap water drinkers during this epidemiological study.
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
RP PAYMENT, P (reprint author), UNIV QUEBEC,INST ARMAND FRAPPIER,531 BLVD PRAIRIES,LAVAL H7N 4Z3,PQ,CANADA.
NR 21
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4166
J9 CAN J MICROBIOL
JI Can. J. Microbiol.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 40
IS 10
BP 805
EP 809
PG 5
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Immunology; Microbiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Immunology; Microbiology
GA PR292
UT WOS:A1994PR29200001
PM 8000960
ER

PT J
AU NESNOW, S
   ROSS, J
   BECK, S
   LASLEY, J
   NELSON, G
   LAMBERT, G
   PLATT, KL
   AGARWAL, SC
AF NESNOW, S
   ROSS, J
   BECK, S
   LASLEY, J
   NELSON, G
   LAMBERT, G
   PLATT, KL
   AGARWAL, SC
TI MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION AND DNA ADDUCT FORMATION BY
   DIBENZ[A,H]ANTHRACENE AND ITS METABOLITES IN C3H10T1/2CL8 CELLS
SO CARCINOGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
ID BAY-REGION; MOUSE SKIN; STEREOSELECTIVE METABOLISM; POSTCONFLUENCE
   INHIBITION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BACTERIAL MUTAGENS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS;
   ACTIVATION; DIHYDRODIOLS; DIBENZO(A,H)ANTHRACENE
AB The major routes of metabolic activation of dibenz[a,h]-anthracene (DBA) have been studied in transformable C3H10T1/2CL8 (C3H10T1/2) mouse embryo fibroblasts in culture. The morphological transforming activities of three potential intermediates formed by metabolism of DBA by C3H10T1/2 cells, trans-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-DBA-(DBA-(DBA-3,4-diol), trans-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-DBA-anti-1,2-oxide (DBA-3,4-diol-1,2-oxide) and DBA-5,6-oxide were determined. DBA-3,4-diol-1,2-oxide was a strong morphological transforming agent giving a mean of 73% dishes with Type II or III foci and 1.63 Type II and III foci per dish at 0.5 mu g/ml. DBA-3,4-diol produced a mean of 42% dishes with Type II or III foci and 0.81 Type II and III foci per dish at 2.5 mu g/ml. DBA gave a mean of 24% dishes with Type II or III foci and 0.29 Type IT and III foci per dish at 2.5 mu g/ml. DBA-5,6-oxide was found to be inactive. DNA adducts of DBA, DBA-3,4-diol, DBA-3,4-diol-1,2-oxide, DBA-1,4/2,3-tetrol and DBA-5,6-oxide in C3H10T1/2 cells were analyzed by P-32-postlabeling method. DBA gave 11 adducts, nine of which were observed in the DNA of cells treated with DBA-3,4-diol and seven from cells treated with DBA-3,4-diol-1,2-oxide. Two of these adducts that appear in each of the treatment groups have been identified as the product of the interaction of DBA-3,4-diol-1,2-oxide with 2'-deoxyguanosine. Furthermore, there is evidence for DBA-DNA adducts in cells treated with DBA, DBA-3,4-diol and DBA-3,4-diol-1,2-oxide arising from metabolism to (+,-)-trans,trans-3,4,10,11-tetrahydroxy-3,4,10,11 -tetrahydro-DBA (DBA-3,4,10,11-bis-diol). These results are based on co-migration of C3H10T1/2 DNA adducts with skin DNA adducts formed after topical treatment of mice with DBA-3,4,10,11-bis-diol. Tn C3H10T1/2 cells, DBA is metabolically activated through DBA-3,4-diol, which is further activated via the DBA-3,4-diol-1,2-oxide and DBA-3,4,10,11-bis-diol pathways. No evidence is provided for the metabolism of DBA by the K-region pathway.
C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   INTEGRATED LAB SYST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   UNIV MAINZ,INST TOXICOL,D-55131 MAINZ,GERMANY.
RP NESNOW, S (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010
OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548
NR 35
TC 13
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 1
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0143-3334
J9 CARCINOGENESIS
JI Carcinogenesis
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 10
BP 2225
EP 2231
DI 10.1093/carcin/15.10.2225
PG 7
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA PM733
UT WOS:A1994PM73300025
PM 7955058
ER

PT J
AU MEIER, JR
   WARSHAWSKY, D
AF MEIER, JR
   WARSHAWSKY, D
TI COMPARISON OF BLOOD PROTEIN AND TARGET ORGAN DNA AND PROTEIN-BINDING
   FOLLOWING TOPICAL APPLICATION OF BENZO[A]PYRENE AND
   7H-DIBENZO[C,G]CARBAZOLE TO MICE
SO CARCINOGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
ID RAT-LIVER MICROSOMES; ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGEN; ADDUCT FORMATION;
   MOUSE-LIVER; METABOLISM; DERIVATIVES; MUTAGENICITY; DOSIMETRY;
   7H-DIBENZO(C,G)CARBAZOLE; IDENTIFICATION
AB 7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (DBC) induces skin and liver tumors in mice following topical application, whereas benzo[a]pyrene (BP) induces only skin tumors, DBC also binds to liver DNA to a much greater extent than does BP. The present study examined factors that might account for the difference in DNA binding activity. [H-3]DBC was applied topically to CD-1 mice at doses of 15, 100 and 1000 nmol/mouse and tissues and blood samples were taken 24 h later. Absorption of DBC from skin into blood and binding to blood proteins occurred linearly with dose. DBC bound to albumin at a 50-fold higher level than to globin and levels of albumin adducts showed good correlation with levels of DNA adducts in liver, Hepatic preference over skin in DNA binding was found to be dose-dependent. For comparison of [H-3]BP and [H-3]DBC binding, doses of 1000 nmol/mouse were used and the mice were sacrificed at 12, 24 and 48 h. The rate of DBC uptake from skin was 70% higher than for BP over the first 24 h, which was reflected in 40-50% higher plasma levels of DBC radiolabel. Skin protein and DNA binding were 2- to 5-fold higher for BP than DBC. Conversely, total H-3 radioactivity levels in liver were 2- to 3-fold higher and liver DNA and protein binding were 15- to 20-fold and 3- to 5-fold higher respectively for DBC. Blood protein adduct levels were similar for both chemicals, suggesting that DBC metabolites formed in the liver were too reactive to re-enter the systemic circulation. Only minor amounts of the radiolabel in the liver were present as the parent compounds by 12 h after dosing. These results indicate that more rapid absorption from skin and selective accumulation in the liver contribute to the greater liver DNA binding seen with DBC, but the types of liver metabolites appear to be the major factor accounting for the binding difference.
C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,CINCINNATI,OH 45267.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45267.
NR 32
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0143-3334
J9 CARCINOGENESIS
JI Carcinogenesis
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 10
BP 2233
EP 2240
DI 10.1093/carcin/15.10.2233
PG 8
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA PM733
UT WOS:A1994PM73300026
PM 7955059
ER

PT J
AU SCHERAGA, JD
AF SCHERAGA, JD
TI ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT - SOMETHING NEW UNDER THE SUN
SO ENERGY POLICY
LA English
DT Article
DE MARKET IMPERFECTIONS; DISCOUNT RATES; ENERGY-EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY
AB The relationship between energy use and climate change is often cast as an entirely new area of analysis, with new and challenging problems.  However, many of the key questions are identical to those raised in the 1970s and 1980s about the relationship between energy use, economic growth and environmental impacts.  The purpose of this paper is to highlight these fundamental questions once again.  Why does energy matter?  How much energy conservation is optimal?  What is the best set of policies for encouraging conservation of energy?  What induces the development of more energy-efficient capital?  To answer these questions, we need to gain a better understanding about the factors underlying energy consumption decisions, the potential existence of market imperfections, the divergence of private and social discount rates, and the process of technological innovation that leads to the development of more energy-efficient technologies.
RP SCHERAGA, JD (reprint author), US EPA,DIV CLIMATE CHANGE 2122,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 13
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 2
PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD
PI OXFORD
PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP
SN 0301-4215
J9 ENERG POLICY
JI Energy Policy
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 22
IS 10
BP 798
EP 803
DI 10.1016/0301-4215(94)90137-6
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PZ452
UT WOS:A1994PZ45200002
ER

PT J
AU CUPITT, LT
   GLEN, WG
   LEWTAS, J
AF CUPITT, LT
   GLEN, WG
   LEWTAS, J
TI EXPOSURE AND RISK FROM AMBIENT PARTICLE-BOUND POLLUTION IN AN AIRSHED
   DOMINATED BY RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION AND MOBILE SOURCES
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Risk Assessment of Urban Air: Emissions, Exposure, Risk
   Identification and Risk Quantitation
CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 1992
CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
SP KAROLINSKA INST, CTR NUTR & TOXICOL, SWEDISH URBAN AIR PROJECT, SWEDISH CANC SOC, CTR NUTR & TOXICOL, SWEDISH ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, SWEDISH PETR INST, SWEDISH NATL BOARD IND & TECH DEV, STOCKHOLM CITY COUNCIL
DE EXPOSURE; DOSE; MOBILE SOURCES; LIFETIME RISK; RESIDENTIAL WOOD
   COMBUSTION; WOOD SMOKE
ID COMPLEX-MIXTURES; IDENTIFICATION; POLLUTANTS
AB A major field study was conducted in Boise, Idaho, during the heating season of 1986 to 1987 as part of the Integrated Air Cancer Project. Filter samples were systematically collected in residences and in the ambient air across the community to characterize the particle-bound pollutants. The extractable organic matter (EOM) from the filter samples was apportioned to its source of origin, either residential wood combustion (RWC) or mobile sources (MS). Two composite samples, with apportioned contributions from RWC and MS, were prepared from the Boise ambient samples and tested for tumor-initiation potency. A comparative potency lung cancer risk estimate has been made based on the two ambient composite samples from this airshed. In addition, a microenvironmental exposure model was developed from the Boise data and from national survey data to estimate the exposure to EOM from RWC and MS. in this paper, the microenvironmental model is extrapolated to provide an estimate of the average annual exposure and dose in Boise to EOM from RWC and MS. The annual model considers actual pollutant levels in Boise, historical changes in RWC usage and meteorological dilution factors and the likely activities in the various microenvironmental zones and their resultant inhalation rates. based upon the composite ambient samples. Combined with the lifetime risk estimates, the average annual dose suggests a risk of about 4 x 10(-4) Despite the fact that RWC accounts for 73% of the EOM on an annual average basis, it accounts for only about 20% of the estimated lifetime risk.
C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
   US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP CUPITT, LT (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LABS,DIV METHODS RES & DEV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 28
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 2
PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 102
SU 4
BP 75
EP 84
DI 10.2307/3431934
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA PN613
UT WOS:A1994PN61300010
PM 7529707
ER

PT J
AU DEMARINI, DM
AF DEMARINI, DM
TI INDUCTION OF MUTATION SPECTRA BY COMPLEX-MIXTURES - APPROACHES,
   PROBLEMS, AND POSSIBILITIES
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Risk Assessment of Urban Air: Emissions, Exposure, Risk
   Identification and Risk Quantitation
CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 1992
CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
SP KAROLINSKA INST, CTR NUTR & TOXICOL, SWEDISH URBAN AIR PROJECT, SWEDISH CANC SOC, CTR NUTR & TOXICOL, SWEDISH ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, SWEDISH PETR INST, SWEDISH NATL BOARD IND & TECH DEV, STOCKHOLM CITY COUNCIL
DE COMPLEX MIXTURES; MUTAGENICITY; PCR; SEQUENCING
ID BIOASSAY-DIRECTED FRACTIONATION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM TA98; HISD3052
   ALLELE; GENOTOXICITY; MUTAGENICITY; REVERTANTS; EMISSIONS; SMOKE; HPLC;
   PCR
AB More complex environmental mixtures have been evaluated for mutagenic activity at the hisD3052 allele of Salmonella, primarily in strain TA98, than in any other target or mutation assay. Using colony probe hybridization to detect a common hot spot deletion, followed by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing, we have generated 10 mutation spectra from three classes of mixtures (i.e., urban air, cigarette smoke condensate and municipal waste incinerator emissions). The mutation spectra are distinctly different among the three classes of mixtures; however, the spectra for samples within the same class of mixture are similar. In addition to the hot spot mutation, the mixtures induce complex mutations, which consist of a small deletion and a base substitution. These mutations suggest a mechanism involving misinsertion of a base opposite a DNA adduct followed by a slippage and mismatch. A role for DNA secondary structure also may be the basis for the mutational site specificity exhibited by the various mixtures. The results suggest that unique mutation spectra can be generated by different classes of complex mixtures and that such spectra are a consequence of the dominance of a particular chemical class or classes within the mixture. The problems associated with this type bf research are discussed along with the potential value of mutation spectra as a tool for exposure and risk assessment.
RP DEMARINI, DM (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,MD-68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 29
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 102
SU 4
BP 127
EP 130
DI 10.2307/3431941
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA PN613
UT WOS:A1994PN61300017
PM 7821286
ER

PT J
AU ZHANG, JF
   WILSON, WE
   LLOY, PJ
AF ZHANG, JF
   WILSON, WE
   LLOY, PJ
TI INDOOR AIR CHEMISTRY - FORMATION OF ORGANIC-ACIDS AND ALDEHYDES
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; PHOTO-OXIDATION; OZONE; FORMALDEHYDE; MECHANISM
AB The formation of aldehydes and organic acids was examined for the gas-phase reactions of ozone with unsaturated VOCs. Formaldehyde and formic acid were produced via the reaction of ozone with each of the three selected unsaturated VOCs: styrene, limonene, and 4-vinylcyclohexene. In addition, benzaldehyde was detected in the styrene-ozone-air reaction system, and acetic acid was found in the limonene-ozone-air system. The study also examined the gas-phase reactions involving formaldehyde, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide and found the formation of formic acid, suggesting that the nitrate radical may play an important role in converting formaldehyde into formic acid. Experiments for all the reactions were conducted by using a 4.3-m(3) Teflon chamber. Since the conditions and chemicals employed in the reactions were similar to those for indoor environments, the results from this study may be extrapolated to typical indoor situations and support indications from previous studies that certain aldehydes and organic acids could be generated by indoor chemistry.
C1 UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,INST ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH SCI,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855.
   RUTGERS STATE UNIV,JOINT GRAD PROGRAM EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT & ASSESSM,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855.
   US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LABS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
NR 25
TC 46
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 11
BP 1975
EP 1982
DI 10.1021/es00060a031
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PK069
UT WOS:A1994PK06900035
PM 22175941
ER

PT J
AU CUMMINGS, AM
AF CUMMINGS, AM
TI EFFECT OF 5-AZACYTIDINE ADMINISTRATION DURING VERY EARLY-PREGNANCY
SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID METHYL BENZIMIDAZOLECARBAMATE; RAT; MECHANISMS; VALIDATION; PROTOCOLS;
   FAILURE
AB The chemotherapeutic agent 5-azacytidine (5AZ) is cytotoxic via nucleic acid hypomethylation. Malformations and embryolethality result when rats or mice are exposed to 5AZ on any of Days 9 through 12 of pregnancy. To investigate the effect of 5AZ exposure during the pre- and early postimplantation period, we administered 0.15, 0.30, 0.60, or 1.2 mg/kg 5AZ/day to rats during Days 1-8 of pregnancy and evaluated outcome on Days 9 or 20. No adverse effects were detected on Day 9; the numbers and weights of implantation sites, the numbers of resorptions, maternal body weight gains, and hormone measures were not different from those of controls. However, when pregnancy outcome was evaluated on Day 20, dose-dependent decreases in offspring survival and fetal weight were observed and the incidences of two malformations, microphthalmia and exencephaly, were increased. In a follow-up study, 5AZ was administered during the preimplantation period (Days 1-3) or during the postimplantation period (Days 4-8) and pregnancy outcome was evaluated on Day 20. When rats were exposed to 5AZ during the preimplantation period, no adverse effects were seen. Postimplantation dosing produced an increase in resorptions and a decrease in fetal survival and fetal weight, with no gross external malformations evident. At the doses used in this study, 5AZ was embryotoxic, with limited embryonic vulnerability prior to Day 4 of pregnancy but serious consequences following postimplantation exposure. This embryotoxicity is not detectable by our measures on Day 9 but is evident on Day 20. (C) 1994 Society of Toxicology.
RP CUMMINGS, AM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 15
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0272-0590
J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL
JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 23
IS 3
BP 429
EP 433
DI 10.1006/faat.1994.1124
PG 5
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA PL450
UT WOS:A1994PL45000013
PM 7530667
ER

PT J
AU GOLDEY, ES
   OCALLAGHAN, JP
   STANTON, ME
   BARONE, S
   CROFTON, KM
AF GOLDEY, ES
   OCALLAGHAN, JP
   STANTON, ME
   BARONE, S
   CROFTON, KM
TI DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY - EVALUATION OF TESTING PROCEDURES WITH
   METHYLAZOXYMETHANOL AND METHYLMERCURY
SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID COLLABORATIVE BEHAVIORAL TERATOLOGY; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN;
   DEVELOPING RAT COCHLEA; FETAL TREATMENT; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; METHYL MERCURY;
   QUANTITATIVE CHANGES; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; NEONATAL
   EXPOSURE
AB Testing procedures for identification of potential developmental neurotoxicants were evaluated using two prototypical developmental neurotoxicants, methylazoxymethanol (MAM) and methylmercury (MeHg). Evaluation of offspring of Long-Evans rats incorporated assessments of developmental toxicity, neurochemistry, histology, and behavior, with most testing being completed near weaning. A number of endpoints in the testing strategy were sensitive to the effects of prenatal exposure to MAM [30 mg/kg on Gestation Day (GD) 15]: (1) MAM caused reduced neonatal body weights but did not effect viability or postnatal survivorship; (2) measurement of total and regional brain weight and histological analysis showed that a number of regions, the cortex and hippocampus in particular, were affected by MAM exposure; (3) an assay for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) showed that the concentration of this protein was significantly increased in the cortex and hippocampus of treated offspring; (4) a T-maze delayed-alternation procedure indicated that MAM-treated pups were slower in the acquisition phase of the task relative to control pups; (5) motor activity testing revealed hyperactivity in treated offspring that persisted into adulthood; and (6) acoustic startle procedures revealed reduced startle amplitudes in preweanlings. Few endpoints were significantly affected by prenatal MeHg exposure (1, 2, or 4 mg/kg on GD 6-15). High fetal and neonatal mortality and lower neonatal body weights were detected at the highest dose of MeHg. Although minimal effects of MeHg may reflect a relative insensitivity of the test species and/or the test methods, the combined results from both chemicals suggest that some procedures not currently required in the developmental neurotoxicity guideline may be useful in hazard identification, and further evaluation with other chemicals, species, strains, and/or exposure paradigms may be warranted. (C) 1994 society of Toxicology.
C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA.
RP GOLDEY, ES (reprint author), US EPA, DIV NEUROTOXICOL, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA.
RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015
OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971
NR 102
TC 46
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0272-0590
J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL
JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 23
IS 3
BP 447
EP 464
DI 10.1006/faat.1994.1127
PG 18
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA PL450
UT WOS:A1994PL45000016
PM 7835545
ER

PT J
AU CROFTON, KM
   LASSITER, TL
   REBERT, CS
AF CROFTON, KM
   LASSITER, TL
   REBERT, CS
TI SOLVENT-INDUCED OTOTOXICITY IN RATS - AN ATYPICAL SELECTIVE
   MID-FREQUENCY HEARING DEFICIT
SO HEARING RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE SOLVENTS; OTOTOXICITY; HEARING DEFICITS
ID TOLUENE-INDUCED OTOTOXICITY; AUDITORY-SENSITIVITY; AMINOGLYCOSIDE
   OTOTOXICITY; REFLEX MODIFICATION; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; EXPOSURE; NOISE;
   TRICHLOROETHYLENE; AUDIOMETRY; RESPONSES
AB Most previous reports of ototoxicity following exposure to several volatile organic solvents have restricted testing to the low- and mid-frequencies (2-20 kHz) of the hearing range in the rat (0.25-80 kHz). We report here that inhalation exposure to styrene, mixed xylene, toluene, and 1,1,2-trichloroethylene resulted in hearing dysfunction only in the mid-frequency range and spared function at lower and higher frequencies. Adult male Long Evans rats were exposed via inhalation (whole body) in flow-through chambers. The following exposures were used: styrene, 1600 ppm; 1,1,2-trichloroethylene, 3500 ppm; toluene, 2500 ppm; mixed xylenes, 1800 ppm (N = 7-8 per group, 8 h/day for 5 days), and n-butanol, 4000 ppm (N = 10/group, 6 h/day for 5 days). Testing of auditory function was conducted 5 to 8 weeks after exposure using reflex modification audiometry (RMA). RMA thresholds were determined for frequencies from 0.5 to 40 kHz. Results indicated increased RMA thresholds for the mid-frequency tones (e.g., 8 and 16 kHz), but not higher or lower tones, for all solvents except n-butanol. Toluene and xylene also increased thresholds at 24 kHz. These data indicate that for those solvents reported thus far to cause hearing loss, the deficit is restricted to mid-frequencies in rats.
C1 WAKE FOREST UNIV,DEPT BIOL,WINSTON SALEM,NC 27109.
   SRI INT,DEPT NEUROSCI,MENLO PK,CA.
RP CROFTON, KM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015
OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971
NR 50
TC 91
Z9 93
U1 2
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-5955
J9 HEARING RES
JI Hear. Res.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 80
IS 1
BP 25
EP 30
DI 10.1016/0378-5955(94)90005-1
PG 6
WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences;
   Otorhinolaryngology
SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences & Neurology;
   Otorhinolaryngology
GA PP044
UT WOS:A1994PP04400004
PM 7852200
ER

PT J
AU SIOUTAS, C
   KOUTRAKIS, P
   BURTON, RM
AF SIOUTAS, C
   KOUTRAKIS, P
   BURTON, RM
TI DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW CUTPOINT SLIT VIRTUAL IMPACTOR FOR SAMPLING AMBIENT
   FINE PARTICLES
SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID DESIGN; CALIBRATION; FLOW
AB This paper presents the development of a small cut-off size slit-nozzle virtual impactor that operates at a small pressure drop. Operating with a preselective inlet that removes particles larger than 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic size, the impactor can sample ambient particles in the accumulation range (0.1<d(p)<2.5 mu m) In addition, a detailed measurement of the particle losses through the system is presented. The length of the impactor can vary according to the flow rate that is desirable. Different design configurations were tested to optimize the classification characteristics of the impactor. The ultimate goal was to minimize the impactor's cutpoint and the particle losses. The impactor was characterized using fluorescent monodisperse particles. It was demonstrated that the impactor has a 50% cutpoint in the range 0.1-0.25 mu m, depending on the configuration tested.
C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP SIOUTAS, C (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,665 HUNTINGTON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA.
NR 23
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 7
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0021-8502
J9 J AEROSOL SCI
JI J. Aerosol. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 25
IS 7
BP 1321
EP 1330
DI 10.1016/0021-8502(94)90128-7
PG 10
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences;
   Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA PV008
UT WOS:A1994PV00800006
ER

PT J
AU SMITH, MV
   HAZUCHA, MJ
   BENIGNUS, VA
   BROMBERG, PA
AF SMITH, MV
   HAZUCHA, MJ
   BENIGNUS, VA
   BROMBERG, PA
TI EFFECT OF REGIONAL CIRCULATION PATTERNS ON OBSERVED HBCO LEVELS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN; CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN DISTRIBUTION; COBURN-FORSTER-KANE
   EQUATION; CIRCULATION MODELS; ARTERIAL CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN PREDICTION;
   VENOUS CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN PREDICTION
ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN
AB In an earlier experiment, we briefly exposed 15 young men to high levels of CO while simultaneously monitoring arterial and peripheral venous HbCO levels. The arterial HbCO levels were considerably higher than the venous levels during the CO exposure. Furthermore, great variation in the difference between arterial and venous HbCO levels was observed, with the maximal difference for each subject ranging from 2.3 to 12.1% HbCO. In the present paper, we suggest an explanation for the observed differences between arterial and venous HbCO on the basis of the regional circulation of the forearm, where both samples were taken. Because regional circulation patterns are known to vary with physical training, the differences in physical training between subjects may account for the observed variation. An expanded model was derived from the Coburn-Forster-Kane equation, which reflects the above hypothesis. Most of the parameter values for the expanded model were measured on individual subjects. Literature values were used for other parameters. Two parameters were estimated using five of the subjects and were then used in the predictions of the expanded model for the remaining subjects.
C1 US EPA,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   MVS BIOMATH,RALEIGH,NC 27603.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
NR 15
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814
SN 8750-7587
J9 J APPL PHYSIOL
JI J. Appl. Physiol.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 77
IS 4
BP 1659
EP 1665
PG 7
WC Physiology; Sport Sciences
SC Physiology; Sport Sciences
GA PL694
UT WOS:A1994PL69400014
PM 7836183
ER

PT J
AU CADLE, SH
   CARLOCK, M
   CULLEN, K
   GORSE, RA
   KNAPP, KT
   LAWSON, DR
AF CADLE, SH
   CARLOCK, M
   CULLEN, K
   GORSE, RA
   KNAPP, KT
   LAWSON, DR
TI REAL-WORLD VEHICLE EMISSIONS - A SUMMARY OF THE 4TH ANNUAL CRC-APRAC
   ON-ROAD VEHICLE EMISSIONS WORKSHOP
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
C1 CALIF AIR RESOURCES BOARD,EL MONTE,CA.
   GM CORP,MILFORD,MI.
   DESERT RES INST,RENO,NV.
   FORD MOTOR CO,DEARBORN,MI 48121.
   US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP CADLE, SH (reprint author), GM CORP,N AMER OPERAT,CTR RES & DEV,WARREN,MI 48090, USA.
NR 0
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC
PI PITTSBURGH
PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230
SN 1047-3289
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 44
IS 10
BP 1180
EP 1187
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA PP907
UT WOS:A1994PP90700003
ER

PT J
AU GULLETT, BK
   GROFF, PW
   LIN, ML
   CHEN, JM
AF GULLETT, BK
   GROFF, PW
   LIN, ML
   CHEN, JM
TI NO(X) REMOVAL WITH COMBINED SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION AND SELECTIVE
   NONCATALYTIC REDUCTION - PILOT-SCALE TEST-RESULTS
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
AB Pilot-scale tests were conducted to develop a combined nitrogen oxide (NO(x)) reduction technology using both selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR).  A commercially available vanadium- and titanium-based composite honeycomb catalyst and enhanced urea (NH2CONH2) were used with a natural-gas-fired furnace at a NO(x) concentration of 110 ppm.  Changes in SNCR chemical injection temperature and stoichiometry led to varying levels of post-furnace ammonia (NH3), which acts as the reductant feed to the downstream SCR catalyst.  The urea-based chemical could routinely achieve SNCR plus SCR total NO(x) reductions of 85 percent with less than 3 ppm NH3 slip at reductant/NO(x) stoichiometries ranging from about 1.5 to 2.5 and SCR space velocities of 18,000 to 32,000 h-1.  This pilot-scale research has shown that SNCR and SCR can be integrated to achieve high NO(x) removal.  SNCR provides high temperature reduction of NO(x) followed by further removal of NO(x) and minimization of NH(3) slip by a significantly downsized (high-space velocity) SCR.
C1 ACUREX ENVIRONM CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
   NALCO FUEL TECH,RES,NAPERVILLE,IL.
   ENGELHARD CORP,ENVIRONM CATALYST RES & DEV,ISELIN,NJ.
RP GULLETT, BK (reprint author), US EPA,AEERL,GAS CLEANING TECHNOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 15
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 2
PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC
PI PITTSBURGH
PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230
SN 1047-3289
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 44
IS 10
BP 1188
EP 1194
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA PP907
UT WOS:A1994PP90700004
ER

PT J
AU FRANK, U
AF FRANK, U
TI UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY SUPERFUND INNOVATIVE
   TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION OF PNEUMATIC FRACTURING EXTRACTION (SM)
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in cooperation with Accutech Remedial Systems (ARS) and the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), performed a field demonstration of Pneumatic Fracturing Extraction (PFE)SM for the removal of chlorinated-volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from vadose zones of low permeability.  The demonstration was conducted in the fall of 1992 at an industrial park in Somerville, New Jersey, where removal of VOC contamination in shale bedrock was required to comply with New Jersey's Environmental Cleanup Responsibility Act (ECRA).  During the demonstration, airflow and contaminant concentrations were monitored to establish a database against which the developer's claims about the technology were evaluated.  The developer contended that PFE would increase extracted-airflow rates from the subsurface formation by at least 100 percent and would increase the mass removal rate for the key contaminant, trichloroethene (TCE), by at least 50 percent.  Also, during the demonstration hot-gas injection was evaluated.  Based on comparisons of four-hour test results before and after fracturing, airflow rates increased more than 600 percent, and TCE mass-removal rates increased about 675 percent.  The increase in TCE mass-removal rates appeared to be a result, primarily, of the increased airflow.  In addition, the extracted air contained significantly higher concentrations of other VOCs after fracturing.  Using data developed in the four-hour postfracture test, the estimated cost for a hypothetical one-year clean-up is $140 per pound of TCE removed, or $140 per ton of soil contaminated with one pound of TCE.  Experiments to evaluate the effects of injecting heated air, at 200 to 250-degrees-F, into the vadose zone gave inconclusive results.
RP FRANK, U (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,EDISON,NJ, USA.
NR 2
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC
PI PITTSBURGH
PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230
SN 1047-3289
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 44
IS 10
BP 1219
EP 1223
PG 5
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA PP907
UT WOS:A1994PP90700008
ER

PT J
AU BELLAR, TA
   BUDDE, WL
   KRYAK, DD
AF BELLAR, TA
   BUDDE, WL
   KRYAK, DD
TI INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF A DC GLOW-DISCHARGE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF
   A PARTICLE-BEAM LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY INTERFACE
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article
AB A low voltage (180-V) dc glow discharge device was inserted just below the pneumatic nebulizer in a particle beam interface of a high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry system.  The discharge in a helium atmosphere increased the signal produced by 12 test compounds by factors of about 2-6.  The increases in signal were probably produced by an increase in the efficiency of solute transmission through the interface.  The signal increases caused by the glow discharge were compared to somewhat larger increases caused by 0.01-M ammonium acetate in the mobile phase.  The combination of glow discharge and ammonium acetate provided no meaningful advantage over the individual techniques.  The mechanism of improved transport efficiency is not proven, but the neutralization of charged particles is a viable hypothesis.
C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,26 W MARTIN C KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
NR 5
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 1044-0305
J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR
JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 5
IS 10
BP 908
EP 912
DI 10.1016/1044-0305(94)87016-0
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy
SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA PK741
UT WOS:A1994PK74100005
PM 24226237
ER

PT J
AU ANDERSON, D
   SORSA, M
   WATERS, MD
AF ANDERSON, D
   SORSA, M
   WATERS, MD
TI THE PARALLELOGRAM APPROACH IN STUDIES OF GENOTOXIC EFFECTS
SO MUTATION RESEARCH-ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS AND RELATED SUBJECTS
LA English
DT Article
DE 1,3-BUTADIENE; PARALLELOGRAM APPROACH; GERM-CELL MUTAGENESIS
ID MONITORING OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES;
   BONE-MARROW CELLS; WHITE BLOOD-CELLS; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; DNA ADDUCTS;
   HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; DOMINANT-LETHAL; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; MOLECULAR
   DOSIMETRY
AB Over the past two decades mutagenicity tests have been used for the identification of potential human mutagens and have had an ancillary role, as supportive evidence in the assessment of human carcinogens. The demonstration of human germinal mutagens has been beyond the main scope of short-term testing strategies. However, just as mutagenicity tests have been useful in detecting potential carcinogens so should carcinogenicity tests assist the identification of presumptive germ cell mutagens. Cancer is an easily observable phenotype of mutation for genotoxic carcinogens and multi-site carcinogens or gonadal carcinogens logically could be germ cell mutagens. Thus carcinogenicity and mutagenicity data for a given genotoxic chemical should be considered together in the identification of putative germinal mutagens. Clearly, most classified human carcinogens are genotoxic thus helping to build the case for human germ cell mutagenicity. This paper describes the issues involved in such thinking and suggests an enhanced parallelogram approach incorporating the cancer endpoint. The enhanced parallelogram is explored using 1,3-butadiene and ethylene oxide as examples. The obvious lack of data for extrapolations using the parallelogram method suggests the need for targeted studies specifically designed for use in this approach.
C1 FINNISH INST OCCUPAT HLTH, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND.
   US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA.
RP ANDERSON, D (reprint author), BRITISH IND BIOL RES ASSOC, WOODMANSTERNE RD, CARSHALTON SM5 4DS, SURREY, ENGLAND.
OI Anderson, Diana/0000-0001-9673-0398
NR 100
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-1161
J9 MUTAT RES-ENVIR MUTA
JI Mutat. Res.-Environ. Mutagen. Rel. Subj.
PD OCT-DEC
PY 1994
VL 313
IS 2-3
BP 101
EP 115
DI 10.1016/0165-1161(94)90042-6
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity
GA PM076
UT WOS:A1994PM07600002
PM 7523897
ER

PT J
AU WYNN, LH
AF WYNN, LH
TI EPAS WASTEWISE HELPS BUSINESSES CUT WASTE AND COSTS
SO POLLUTION ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
RP WYNN, LH (reprint author), US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAHNERS-DENVER PUBLISHING CO
PI HIGHLANDS RANCH
PA 8773 S RIDGELINE BLVD, HIGHLANDS RANCH, CO 80126-2329
SN 0032-3640
J9 POLLUT ENG
JI Pollut. Eng.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 26
IS 10
BP 101
EP 102
PG 2
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PL482
UT WOS:A1994PL48200016
ER

PT J
AU RUOFF, WL
   DIAMOND, GL
   VELAZQUEZ, SF
   STITELER, WM
   GEFELL, DJ
AF RUOFF, WL
   DIAMOND, GL
   VELAZQUEZ, SF
   STITELER, WM
   GEFELL, DJ
TI BIOAVAILABILITY OF CADMIUM IN FOOD AND WATER - A CASE-STUDY ON THE
   DERIVATION OF RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY FACTORS FOR INORGANICS AND THEIR
   RELEVANCE TO THE REFERENCE DOSE
SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TISSUE MINERAL CONCENTRATIONS; DIETARY-CADMIUM; ORAL TOXICITY; FEMALE
   RATS; ACCUMULATION; EXPOSURE; KIDNEY; METABOLISM; CALCIUM;
   METALLOTHIONEIN
AB Published studies in which rats were exposed to CdCl2 in standard chow or drinking water were analyzed to compare the relative bioavailability of cadmium from the two media. Relative bioavailability was assessed from estimates of the rate of accumulation of cadmium in kidney cortex or liver. Data were grouped into tiers based on study design and reporting of data: Tier 1, identical experimental protocols and dosage can be estimated; Tier 2, very similar or identical protocols and dosage can be estimated; Tier 3, protocols may differ and dosage can be estimated; and Tier 4, protocols may differ and dosages cannot be estimated (but concentration of cadmium in food or water is reported). Tiers were nested, such that Tier 4 contained all relevant studies; Tier 3 included data sets from Tiers 1 and 2; and Tier 2 included the data set from Tier 1. Data within Tiers 1, 2, and 3 were subjected to a linear regression analysis with dosage as the independent variable and tissue accumulation rate as the dependent variable to determine whether bioavailability of cadmium was significantly different based on medium of administration. The results of this analysis show the following: (I) In rats receiving food and drinking water ad libitum, the bioavailability of cadmium in drinking water is not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the bioavailability of cadmium in food when dosages are less than 4 mg/kg body wt/day. (2) Cadmium decreases food and water consumption; therefore, assessments of relative bioavailability should be made based on actual dosage rather than exposure levels. (3) Diet composition and status of the gastrointestinal tract are probably a more important determinant of the bioavailability of cadmium than is the exposure medium. (4) Studies of the effect of total diet composition on bioavailability of cadmium may be more relevant than are studies of the effect of the exposure medium. It is concluded from this analysis that the bioavailability of cadmium in food is not different from that in water when diet is provided ad libitum. Therefore, we recommend that distinct RfDs for cadmium in food and drinking water should not be based on the assumption that the bioavailability of cadmium in drinking water is greater than that of cadmium in food. (c) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 SYRACUSE RES CORP,SYRACUSE,NY 13210.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
NR 87
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0273-2300
J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM
JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 20
IS 2
BP 139
EP 160
DI 10.1006/rtph.1994.1066
PG 22
WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA PP836
UT WOS:A1994PP83600002
PM 7846302
ER

PT J
AU GRULA, MM
   HUANG, ML
   SEWELL, G
AF GRULA, MM
   HUANG, ML
   SEWELL, G
TI INTERACTIONS OF CERTAIN POLYACRYLAMIDES WITH SOIL BACTERIA
SO SOIL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
AB Polyacrylamides (PAMs) are xenobiotic polymers consisting of covalently linked carbon atoms (-CH2-CH2), unlike the anhydro bonds of many biological polymers.  Although the carbon chains are resistant to microbial breakdown, field observations by people in the oil industry support the notion that polyacrylamides can somehow stimulate the growth of microorganisms.  This paper presents data indicating that PAMs can provide nitrogen (as ammonia) for several species of Pseudomonas isolated from soil.  Growth in a defined medium can be sustained over several transfers in a chemically defined medium with no added NH4Cl.  The level of growth attained was less (approximately 25-50%) than that with NH4Cl.  No change in the viscoelastic property (screen factor) of the PAM occurred.  Growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria is also stimulated by polyacrylamides, with a loss of screen factor of the polymer solution accompanying the growth.  To some extent this is because the polymer serves as a nitrogen source, but another factor, in the case of SRBs, is the ability of the polymer to serve as an incomplete substrate (mixotrophic growth).
C1 US EPA,RSKERL,ADA,OK 74821.
   NATL CHUNGHSING UNIV,TAICHUNG,TAIWAN.
RP GRULA, MM (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL & MOLEC GENET,307 LIFE SCI E,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA.
NR 18
TC 33
Z9 40
U1 1
U2 7
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0038-075X
J9 SOIL SCI
JI Soil Sci.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 158
IS 4
BP 291
EP 300
DI 10.1097/00010694-199410000-00009
PG 10
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA PP187
UT WOS:A1994PP18700009
ER

PT J
AU FAUSTMAN, EM
   SWEENEY, C
AF FAUSTMAN, EM
   SWEENEY, C
TI EFFECTS OF ETHYLNITROSOUREA ON EXPRESSION OF PROTOONCOGENE PP60(C-SRC)
   AND HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT NEUROFILAMENT PROTEIN IN RODENT EMBRYO
   CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM CELLS IN-VITRO
SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GROWTH CONE MEMBRANES; DEVELOPING RAT-BRAIN; N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS;
   ELECTROPHORETIC TRANSFER; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; DEVELOPMENTAL
   TOXICITY; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; ALKYLATING-AGENTS; INVITRO; TERATOGENS
AB Effects of exposure to ethylnitrosourea (ENU) on expression of proteins that play a role in neuronal differentiation were examined in central nervous system (CNS) micromass embryo cell cultures. ENU is a known developmental toxicant which affects neuronal development. The proteins selected were the protein product of the src proto-oncogene (pp60(c-src)) and high-molecular-weight neurofilament protein (NF). pp60(c-src) has marked increases in amount and kinase activity in neurons at the time of differentiation and NF is found in differentiated neurons. CNS micromass cultures are primary cells from Day 12 rat embryo midbrains which are plated at high density and differentiate into neurons during 5 days in culture. Proteins were quantitated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separation of equal amounts of total cell protein followed bq transfer to membranes, immunoblotting, and densitometric scanning of blots. Dose-dependent decreases in cell growth and differentiation were confirmed using endpoints of cell number, protein content of cultures, neutral red uptake, hematoxy lin staining of differentiated cells, and levels of binding of the neurotransmitter [H-3]gamma-aminobutyric acid. Concentrations,which inhibited response by 50% compared to controls ranged from 232 to 455 mu M ENU. Dose-related decreases in amounts of pp60(c-src) and NF proteins relative to total protein were seen in CNS cultures treated with ENU. Results confirm the usefulness of the micromass cultures in following chemical effects on neuronal differentiation. The effects of ENU on specific proteins associated with neuronal differentiation were shown. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,CTR CHILD DEV & MENTAL RETARDAT,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
   US EPA,SEATTLE,WA 98101.
RP FAUSTMAN, EM (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,SC-34,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA.
OI Sweeney, Carol/0000-0003-1113-7160
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-03157]
NR 52
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0041-008X
J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM
JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 128
IS 2
BP 182
EP 188
DI 10.1006/taap.1994.1196
PG 7
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA PP074
UT WOS:A1994PP07400002
PM 7524194
ER

PT J
AU SMITH, JC
   ALLEN, PV
   TURNER, MD
   MOST, B
   FISHER, HL
   HALL, LL
AF SMITH, JC
   ALLEN, PV
   TURNER, MD
   MOST, B
   FISHER, HL
   HALL, LL
TI THE KINETICS OF INTRAVENOUSLY ADMINISTERED METHYL MERCURY IN MAN
SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID METHYLMERCURY
AB We describe a compartmental pharmacokinetic model for methyl mercury and its metabolite mercuric mercury in humans. A tracer dose of Hg-203-labeled methyl mercury was administered iv to seven healthy young adult male volunteers. Blood samples w ere obtained periodically and urine and feces were collected throughout the 70 days of the study. The blood contained predominantly methyl mercury, while the excreta contained principally inorganic mercury. The behavior of both methyl mercury and inorganic mercury in the body was modeled with the simplest compartmental model which fit the data. This five-compartment model shows that inorganic mercury accumulates in the body and at longer times is the predominant form of mercury present. The biological half-life of methyl mercury in the body is 44 days and 1.6% of the body burden is lost each day by both metabolism and excretion. This rate of loss is 60% greater than that currently accepted (1.0% per day). Thus, the risk associated with dietary methyl mercury may have been overestimated. (C) 1991 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,ROCHESTER,NY 14642.
   UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ROCHESTER,NY 14642.
   MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-01248, ES-01247]
NR 16
TC 69
Z9 71
U1 1
U2 5
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0041-008X
J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM
JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 128
IS 2
BP 251
EP 256
DI 10.1006/taap.1994.1204
PG 6
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA PP074
UT WOS:A1994PP07400010
PM 7940540
ER

PT J
AU SUNDWALL, A
   ANDERSSON, B
   BALLS, M
   DEAN, J
   DESCOTES, J
   HAMMARSTROM, S
   HULTMAN, P
   KIMBER, I
   LORENTZ, M
   LUSTER, M
   MOLDEUS, P
   ODLAND, L
   SJOGREN, HO
   STEJSKAL, V
   WALUM, E
   VERONESI, B
   WHITE, K
   VOS, J
AF SUNDWALL, A
   ANDERSSON, B
   BALLS, M
   DEAN, J
   DESCOTES, J
   HAMMARSTROM, S
   HULTMAN, P
   KIMBER, I
   LORENTZ, M
   LUSTER, M
   MOLDEUS, P
   ODLAND, L
   SJOGREN, HO
   STEJSKAL, V
   WALUM, E
   VERONESI, B
   WHITE, K
   VOS, J
TI WORKSHOP - IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY AND IN-VITRO POSSIBILITIES
SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th CFN Symposium on Immunotoxicology and In Vitro Possibilities
CY SEP 19-21, 1993
CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
SP NATL BOARD LAB ANIM
C1 CALAB,MED LABS,S-10055 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN.
   ECVAM,INST ENVIRONM,JOINT RES CTR,I-21020 ISPRA,ITALY.
   STERLING WINTHROP INC,DRUG DEV & SAFETY ASSESSMENT,COLLEGEVILLE,PA 19426.
   FAC MED ALEXIS CARREL,INSERM,U80,IMMUNOTOXICOL FONDAMENTALE & CLIN LAB,F-69008 LYON,FRANCE.
   UMEA UNIV,DEPT IMMUNOL,S-90187 UMEA,SWEDEN.
   LINKOPING UNIV HOSP,DEPT PATHOL 1,S-58185 LINKOPING,SWEDEN.
   ZENECA CENT TOXICOL LAB,MACCLESFIELD SK10 4TJ,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND.
   MINIST AGR,CFN,S-10333 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN.
   NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   ASTRA RES CTR AB,SAFETY ASSESSMENT,S-15185 SODERTALJE,SWEDEN.
   LUND UNIV,DEPT TUMORIMMUNOL,WALLENBERG LAB,S-22007 LUND,SWEDEN.
   UNIV STOCKHOLM,DEPT NEUROCHEM & NEUROTOXICOL,S-10691 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN.
   US EPA,DIV CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,RICHMOND,VA 23298.
   VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,DEPT BIOMED ENGN,RICHMOND,VA 23298.
   NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS.
RP SUNDWALL, A (reprint author), PHARMACIA AB,TOXICOL & SAFETY ASSESSMENT,BIOCHEM TOXICOL UNIT,BOX 941,S-25109 HELSINGBORG,SWEDEN.
NR 0
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0887-2333
J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO
JI Toxicol. Vitro
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 8
IS 5
BP 1067
EP 1074
DI 10.1016/0887-2333(94)90246-1
PG 8
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA PN579
UT WOS:A1994PN57900027
PM 20693073
ER

PT J
AU AINSLIE, WB
AF AINSLIE, WB
TI RAPID WETLAND FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT - ITS ROLE AND UTILITY IN THE
   REGULATORY ARENA
SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Southern-Appalachian-Man-and-the-Biosphere (SAMAB) Conference on Wetland
   Ecology, Management, and Conservation
CY SEP 28-30, 1993
CL KNOXVILLE, TN
SP SO APPALACHIAN MAN & BIOSPHERE, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, ENVIRONM SCI DIV, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, USDA, FOREST SERV
AB Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) regulates the discharge of dredged or fill material which is defined as a pollutant, into waters of the United States by requiring potential dischargers to obtain a permit for such activities. The Section 404(b)(1) Guidelines provide the substantive environmental criteria by which ah dredge and fill permit applications are reviewed. The Guidelines consist of 4 basic steps: 1) evaluation of practicable alternatives; 2) evaluation of relation of discharge to other environmental standards; 3) assessment of significant degradation to waters of the U.S.; and 4) assessment of appropriate steps to minimize impacts. Wetland functional assessment is important in steps 1, 3, and 4. The use of wetland functional assessment techniques has typically been hindered by lack of time and resources, among other technical concerns, by the resource agencies implementing the Section 404 program. Functional assessment is critical to the Section 404 program since most decisions revolve around an assessment of wetland functions. The Hydrogeomorphic Classification for Wetlands (Brinson, 1993) and the developing functional assessment procedure shows potential for being rapid and inexpensive, scientifically-based and replicable. It is based upon functional indicators which can be recognized in the field and can form the basis for functional indices. The utility of the HGM procedure is illustrated using an example from West Kentucky.
RP AINSLIE, WB (reprint author), US EPA,REG 4,34 COURTLAND ST NE,ATLANTA,GA 30365, USA.
NR 9
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 4
U2 11
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0049-6979
J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL
JI Water Air Soil Pollut.
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 77
IS 3-4
BP 433
EP 444
DI 10.1007/BF00478431
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water
   Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
   Water Resources
GA QD818
UT WOS:A1994QD81800016
ER

PT J
AU NELSON, H
   JONES, RD
AF NELSON, H
   JONES, RD
TI POTENTIAL REGULATORY PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH ATRAZINE, CYANAZINE, AND
   ALACHLOR IN SURFACE-WATER SOURCE DRINKING-WATER
SO WEED TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium of the Weed-Science-Society-of-America on Herbicides in Runoff
   and Surface Waters - Environmental and Regulatory Impacts
CY FEB   10, 1993
CL DENVER, CO
SP WEED SCI SOC AMER
DE FIFRA; LABEL RESTRICTIONS; RUNOFF; RUNOFF MITIGATION; SAFE DRINKING
   WATER ACT
AB Post-application seasonal (May-July) average concentrations of atrazine, cyanazine, and, to a lesser extent, alachlor sometimes exceed their Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) (3 ug/L for atrazine and 2 ug/L for alachlor) or Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) (1 ug/L for cyanazine) in surface waters of the Mississippi and Great Lakes Basins. These three chemicals are among the primary pre-emergent herbicides applied to corn. MCLs and MCLGs are compared to annual average concentrations for regulatory purposes. However, annual average concentrations are much less frequently reported than post-application seasonal averages. In most cases, both seasonal and annual average concentrations are substantially less than the MCLs or MCLG. However, actual and estimated annual mean concentrations occasionally exceed the MCLs or MCLG. Actual or estimated exceedences occur more frequently for atrazine and cyanazine than for alachlor, and may occur more frequently in lakes or reservoirs with long retention times than in streams and rivers. Additional year round data, and data for lakes and reservoirs, are needed to determine the extent to which such exceedences occur throughout the corn belt. The American Water Works Association (AWWA) believes that substantial numbers of Community Water Systems (CWSs) within the corn belt are currently, or will be, in violation of the revised Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) with respect to atrazine and cyanazine. They are concerned that such violations could result in numerous CWSs having to implement expensive tertiary treatment systems such as granular activated carbon to decrease herbicide concentrations. The United States Environmental Protection Agency, (US EPA) is continuing to review data on the pesticide concentrations in reservoirs and lakes that registrants have been submitting over the last 18 mo under the 6(a)(2) adverse impact provision of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). The US EPA is also currently using computer modeling and other methods to evaluate potential alternative and/or supplemental herbicides to reduce atrazine use. In June 1992, the US EPA approved revised labeling that is designed to reduce indirect atrazine loadings to surface waters. Additional mitigation methods have been proposed and are being considered.
RP NELSON, H (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,401 M ST,SW 7507C,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 0
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 3
U2 6
PU WEED SCI SOC AMER
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820
SN 0890-037X
J9 WEED TECHNOL
JI Weed Technol.
PD OCT-DEC
PY 1994
VL 8
IS 4
BP 852
EP 861
PG 10
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA QA120
UT WOS:A1994QA12000033
ER

PT J
AU ANDERSEN, JL
AF ANDERSEN, JL
TI SCIENCE AND POLICY IN REGULATING PESTICIDES - WILL THEY COLLIDE OR MERGE
SO WEED TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium of the Weed-Science-Society-of-America on Herbicides in Runoff
   and Surface Waters - Environmental and Regulatory Impacts
CY FEB   10, 1993
CL DENVER, CO
SP WEED SCI SOC AMER
DE BENEFIT ASSESSMENT; EPA; HERBICIDE EFFICACY TESTING; HERBICIDE
   PERFORMANCE
AB The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required by law to assure that the use of pesticides does not cause unreasonable risks to humans or the environment-when risks are compared with benefits. Weed scientists conduct hundreds of comparative efficacy tests each year, but the results are often of little use to the Agency in benefit assessments because the tests are unpublished or otherwise unavailable to the Agency, the tests are conducted in a manner unusable for regulatory purposes, or there are inconsistencies between tests conducted year to year or at different sites. Despite the lack of high quality data, the Agency is compelled to make the best regulatory decision possible with the information at hand, and it may appear to some that decisions are based more on policy than science. EPA is looking for experimental methods that will improve the quality of benefits data available to the Agency.
RP ANDERSEN, JL (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,DIV BIOL ECON ANAL,ANAL BRANCH,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU WEED SCI SOC AMER
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820
SN 0890-037X
J9 WEED TECHNOL
JI Weed Technol.
PD OCT-DEC
PY 1994
VL 8
IS 4
BP 883
EP 886
PG 4
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA QA120
UT WOS:A1994QA12000039
ER

PT J
AU SHAPIRO, M
AF SHAPIRO, M
TI BALANCING COSTS AND REVENUES FOR STRONG UNIT PRICING PROGRAMS
SO WORLD WASTES
LA English
DT Article
RP SHAPIRO, M (reprint author), US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ARGUS BUSINESS
PI PITTSFIELD
PA PO BOX 5111, PITTSFIELD, MA 01203-9830
SN 0161-035X
J9 WORLD WASTE
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 37
IS 10
BP 41
EP &
PG 0
WC Engineering, Environmental
SC Engineering
GA PM593
UT WOS:A1994PM59300011
ER

PT J
AU SHANOFF, B
AF SHANOFF, B
TI PLAYING BY THE RULES
SO WORLD WASTES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP SHANOFF, B (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ARGUS BUSINESS
PI PITTSFIELD
PA PO BOX 5111, PITTSFIELD, MA 01203-9830
SN 0161-035X
J9 WORLD WASTE
PD OCT
PY 1994
VL 37
IS 10
BP 74
EP 75
PG 2
WC Engineering, Environmental
SC Engineering
GA PM593
UT WOS:A1994PM59300015
ER

PT J
AU BATTAINI, F
   PASCALE, A
   LUCCHI, L
   RACCHI, M
   BERGAMASCHI, S
   PARENTI, M
   WETSEL, WC
   GOVONI, S
   TRABUCCHI, M
AF BATTAINI, F
   PASCALE, A
   LUCCHI, L
   RACCHI, M
   BERGAMASCHI, S
   PARENTI, M
   WETSEL, WC
   GOVONI, S
   TRABUCCHI, M
TI EXPRESSION AND REGULATION OF CALCIUM-INDEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE-C IN
   NG-108-15 CELL-DIFFERENTIATION
SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID PHORBOL ESTER BINDING; NEURO-BLASTOMA CELLS; RAT-BRAIN;
   NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; EPSILON-ISOFORM;
   DOWN-REGULATION; MESSENGER-RNAS; HYBRID-CELLS; PKC-ALPHA
AB Protein, mRNA and activity levels of the calcium-independent protein kinase C (nPKC) isoenzymes were examined in NG108-15 cells. Western blot analyses reveal that proliferating NG 108-15 cells express the delta, epsilon and eta, but not the theta species. The atypical specie PKC zeta was also detected. Differentiation of these cells with dibutyryl cAMP was associated with increase in the levels of PKC epsilon, with no significant changes in its steady-state mRNA levels. The levels of the other isoforms were not altered by the differentiated state. Similarly, no changes in nPKC activity were discerned in either the soluble or particulate fractions when histone or other proteins were used as substrates. These data suggest that the PKC epsilon isoform may be important for the production and maintenance of the differentiated state in NG 108-15 cells. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 UNIV ROMA TOR VERGATA,DEPT EXPTL MED & BIOCHEM SCI,ROME,ITALY.
   UNIV MILAN,DEPT PHARMACOL CHEMOTHERAPY & MED TOXICOL,MILAN,ITALY.
   NATL INST ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,CELLULAR & MOLEC PHARMACOL LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
RP BATTAINI, F (reprint author), UNIV MILAN,INST PHARMACOL SCI,VIA BALZARETTI 9,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY.
RI Battaini , Fiorenzo/H-2617-2012; Govoni, Stefano/K-2965-2015; 
OI Govoni, Stefano/0000-0002-7243-6837; Racchi, Marco/0000-0002-7185-7808
NR 49
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0006-291X
J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO
JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
PD SEP 30
PY 1994
VL 203
IS 3
BP 1423
EP 1431
DI 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2344
PG 9
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
GA PJ526
UT WOS:A1994PJ52600010
PM 7945290
ER

PT J
AU BRUMLEY, WC
   JONES, WJ
AF BRUMLEY, WC
   JONES, WJ
TI COMPARISON OF MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY (MEKC) WITH
   CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY IN THE SEPARATION OF PHENOLS, ANILINES AND
   POLYNUCLEAR AROMATICS - POTENTIAL FIELD-SCREENING APPLICATIONS OF MEKC
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on High Performance Capillary
   Electrophoresis (HPCE 94)
CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 1994
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; SOIL; FRACTIONATION; INTERFACE;
   WATER; ACIDS
AB Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is known to be complementary to liquid chromatography, but comparison of CE with capillary gas chromatography (GC) for applicable analytes has not been extensive. Capillary GC has been the preeminent separation technique for environmental analysis, but CE has yet to be applied systematically to the determination of environmental analytes. We present data on separations of three classes of semivolatile analytes of interest to environmental analysis: phenols, anilines and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs). Standard GC conditions were used to illustrate typical separations observed on 30-m and 40-m columns. Rapid analyses were addressed using a high-temperature 15-m column of thinner film. CE separations employed berate buffer with sodium cholate as the micellar agent in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). The effects of organic additives were studied using methanol, acetone and tetrahydrofuran. gamma-Cyclodextrin was also used in MEKC to enhance the separation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and to examine its effects on separations of phenols and anilines. Short capillaries effected very rapid (<3 min) compound-class characterization, an approach which has potential use in site characterization/remediation (held-screening) studies.
RP BRUMLEY, WC (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA.
NR 28
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
J9 J CHROMATOGR A
JI J. Chromatogr. A
PD SEP 30
PY 1994
VL 680
IS 1
BP 163
EP 173
DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80064-2
PG 11
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA PL673
UT WOS:A1994PL67300020
PM 7952000
ER

PT J
AU KOVALEV, VA
   MOOSMULLER, H
AF KOVALEV, VA
   MOOSMULLER, H
TI DISTORTION OF PARTICULATE EXTINCTION PROFILES MEASURED WITH LIDAR IN A
   2-COMPONENT ATMOSPHERE
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
DE LIDAR; INVERSION PROBLEM; EXTINCTION; REMOTE SENSING
ID INVERSION; RATIOS; RETURNS
AB Distortions of particular extinction-coefficient profiles measured with lidar in a two-component (molecular and aerosol) scattering atmosphere are analyzed. The error of the extinction coefficient measured at range r depends on the location of the point r(b), where a boundary value is specified, and the particulate optical depth of the atmosphere between r and r(b); the particulate backscatter-to-extinction ratio; and the ratio of particulate and molecular scattering extinction. If the near-end solution is used, small measurement errors can produce a significant divergence between the actual and the retrieved extinction-coefficient profiles, even if the boundary value and the particulate backscatter-to-extinction ratio are specified accurately. This effect is exacerbated at small values of the particulate scattering coefficient and the backscatter-to-extinction ratio. When reasonable criteria are used, feasible minimum and maximum boundary values can be specified to restrict the range of lidar equation solutions from below and from above.
C1 UNIV NEVADA SYST, DESERT RES INST, RENO, NV 89506 USA.
RP KOVALEV, VA (reprint author), US EPA, US NATL ACAD SCI, NATL RES COUNCIL, POB 93478, LAS VEGAS, NV 89193 USA.
RI Moosmuller, Hans/F-8250-2011
NR 15
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 3
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-6935
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD SEP 20
PY 1994
VL 33
IS 27
BP 6499
EP 6507
PG 9
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA PJ393
UT WOS:A1994PJ39300029
PM 20941187
ER

PT J
AU PADILLA, S
   WILSON, VZ
   BUSHNELL, PJ
AF PADILLA, S
   WILSON, VZ
   BUSHNELL, PJ
TI STUDIES ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN BLOOD CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION AND
   TARGET TISSUE INHIBITION IN PESTICIDE-TREATED RATS
SO TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE; RAT; CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; CHLORPYRIFOS;
   PARAOXON
ID PLASMA CHOLINESTERASE; ADULT-RATS; BRAIN; INSECTICIDES; ASSAY
AB Inhibition of cholinesterase activity in the blood has been proposed as an index of ChE activity in tissues targeted by ChE-inhibiting pesticides, including the muscle end-plate region and the central nervous system (CNS). While opinions vary regarding the utility of blood ChE activity in predicting ChE activity in the target tissues, there appear to be no comprehensive studies designed to assess this possible correlation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. We undertook this type of study by administering a single dose of an organophosphate, chlorpyrifos (0, 30, 60 or 125 mg/kg in corn oil, s.c.) to rats and then sacrificing animals at 1, 4, 7, 21 or 35 days after dosing. Whole blood, plasma, erythrocytes, frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus and diaphragm tissue were collected and assayed for ChE activity. Collapsed across dosages, optimal correlations of blood ChE activity with brain or muscle activity occurred 7-21 days after dosing (when ChE inhibition was maximal and most stable). At all times after dosing, there was a high correlation among ChE activity in the hippocampus, striatum and frontal cortex. Generally, ChE activity in whole blood and erythrocytes correlated better with the activity in brain and muscle than did activity in the plasma (whole blood greater than or equal to erythrocytes >> plasma). Similar relationships were also observed in a more abbreviated study using a direct acting organophosphate, paraoxon. ChE activity was determined in blood components, brain and muscle at the time of maximal inhibition (4 h after injection) and during recovery (24 hrs after injection) using two dosage levels (0.17 or 0.34 mg/kg, s.c.). Taken together, these data indicate that the level of ChE activity in the blood may accurately reflect activity in other tissues, but that this correlation is tissue- and time-specific.
C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RP PADILLA, S (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MOLEC & CELLULAR TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 23
TC 45
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE,
   IRELAND
SN 0300-483X
J9 TOXICOLOGY
JI Toxicology
PD SEP 6
PY 1994
VL 92
IS 1-3
BP 11
EP 25
DI 10.1016/0300-483X(94)90164-3
PG 15
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA PK035
UT WOS:A1994PK03500002
PM 7524196
ER

PT J
AU LAWS, SC
   CAREY, SA
   HART, DW
   COOPER, RL
AF LAWS, SC
   CAREY, SA
   HART, DW
   COOPER, RL
TI LINDANE DOES NOT ALTER THE ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR OR THE ESTROGEN-DEPENDENT
   INDUCTION OF PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS IN SEXUALLY IMMATURE OR
   OVARIECTOMIZED ADULT-RATS
SO TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE LINDANE; GAMMA-HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE; GAMMA-HCH; ESTROGEN RECEPTORS;
   PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; RAT
ID CHLORDECONE KEPONE; BINDING-SITES; FEMALE RAT; HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE
   LINDANE; GAMMA-HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE; UTERUS; BRAIN; ESTRADIOL; GABA;
   CYTOSOL
AB Lindane, gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH), has been shown to disrupt reproductive function in mammals. Many of these adverse effects on female reproduction such as alterations in sexual receptivity, disrupted ovarian cyclicity, reduction in uterine weight and termination of pregnancy are thought to be due to altered ovarian hormone secretions and/or an impaired response to circulating. estrogen. It has been suggested that gamma-HCH may block the response of estrogen-dependent tissues to estradiol via an interaction with the estrogen receptor. To test this hypothesis, estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor affinity and number were evaluated in sexually immature, 17 beta-estradiol-3-benzoate (EB)-primed Long Evans female rats following exposure to vehicle or gamma-HCH (40 mg/kg) for 7 days (Study 1) and in adult, ovariectomized EB-primed Long-Evans rats following gavage with vehicle or gamma-HCH (0, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg) for 5 days (Study 2). Chlordecone (kepone 40 mg/kg; i.p.) was used in Study 2 as a positive control for the alteration of the estrogen-induction of PR in the pituitary. Neither gamma-HCH nor chlordecone altered serum estradiol concentrations. gamma-HCH did not change the ER number (1, 24, or 30 h after EB) or the estrogen-dependent induction of PR (24 or 48 h after EB) in the hypothalamus (HYP), pituitary, or uterus. These data indicate that the effects of gamma-HCH on the female reproductive system do not involve an alteration in the ER and that heterogeneity exists between target tissues in their response to xenobiotics.
C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP LAWS, SC (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,MD-72,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 45
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE,
   IRELAND
SN 0300-483X
J9 TOXICOLOGY
JI Toxicology
PD SEP 6
PY 1994
VL 92
IS 1-3
BP 127
EP 142
DI 10.1016/0300-483X(94)90172-4
PG 16
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA PK035
UT WOS:A1994PK03500010
PM 7524197
ER

PT J
AU GOMEZ, MR
AF GOMEZ, MR
TI UNTITLED
SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL
LA English
DT Letter
RP GOMEZ, MR (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC
PI FAIRFAX
PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307
SN 0002-8894
J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J
JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 55
IS 9
BP 875
EP 875
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA PM141
UT WOS:A1994PM14100016
ER

PT J
AU HAZUCHA, MJ
   FOLINSBEE, LJ
   SEAL, E
   BROMBERG, PA
AF HAZUCHA, MJ
   FOLINSBEE, LJ
   SEAL, E
   BROMBERG, PA
TI LUNG-FUNCTION RESPONSE OF HEALTHY WOMEN AFTER SEQUENTIAL EXPOSURES TO
   NO2 AND O-3
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID NITROGEN-DIOXIDE EXPOSURE; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; OZONE EXPOSURE; HUMANS;
   YOUNG
AB Since NOx emissions bear a precursor-product relation with ambient ozone (O-3) levels, the sequence of peak ambient concentrations is first nitrogen dioxide (NO2) followed later in the day by ozone (O-3). We ascertained whether preliminary exposure to 0.6 parts per million (ppm) NO2 would affect the lung function response to subsequent exposure to 0.3 ppm O-3. Twenty-one healthy young nonsmoking women (18 to 35 yr of age) underwent two sets of exposures on two different days separated by a minimum of 2 wk. On one day, subjects were exposed to air for 2 h followed 3 h later by a 2-h exposure to O-3. On the other day, the first exposure was to NO2; order of the days was randomized. During each exposure subjects intermittently exercised, alternating 15 min of rest with 15 min of exercise (VE similar to 40 L/min). Spirometry was performed before the first exposure and at 1-h intervals until the end of the 2-h (O-3) exposure. Plethysmography measurements were made before and after NO2 and O-3 exposures. Nonspecific airway reactivity (AR) was determined at least 1 wk prior to the first exposure and following each O-3 exposure. AR to methacholine (MCh) was expressed as dose required to decrease FEV(1) by 10% (PD(10)FEV(1)). Nitrogen dioxide exposure alone did not reduce FEV(1) but did significantly enhance O-3-induced spirometric changes. No significant effects were observed in plethysmography. On both exposure days, the median PD(10)FEV(1) was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) from control PD(10)FEV(1) (14.3 mg/ml). Following the NO2-O-3 sequence, the median PD(10)FEV(1) was significantly reduced from 5.6 mg/ml to 1.7 mg/ml compared with the air-O-3 sequence (n = 16, p < 0.05), suggesting a delayed latent effect of NO2 on the airways.
C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC.
   US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CLIN RES BRANCH,CHAPEL HILL,NC.
RP HAZUCHA, MJ (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA.
NR 24
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 150
IS 3
BP 642
EP 647
PG 6
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA PH352
UT WOS:A1994PH35200008
PM 8087332
ER

PT J
AU HATCH, GE
   SLADE, R
   HARRIS, LP
   MCDONNELL, WF
   DEVLIN, RB
   KOREN, HS
   COSTA, DL
   MCKEE, J
AF HATCH, GE
   SLADE, R
   HARRIS, LP
   MCDONNELL, WF
   DEVLIN, RB
   KOREN, HS
   COSTA, DL
   MCKEE, J
TI OZONE DOSE AND EFFECT IN HUMANS AND RATS - A COMPARISON USING O-18
   LABELING AND BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID EXPOSURE; LUNG; INFLAMMATION; EXERCISE; PRODUCTS; TOXICITY
AB In an effort to improve risk assessments for ozone (O-3) we compared the incorporation of inhaled oxygen-18-labeled O-3 (O-18(3)) into the lungs of humans and laboratory rats. Cells and fluids obtainable through bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were examined after exposure to O-18(3) to determine whether excess O-18 concentrations (presumed to be reaction products of O-18(3)) could be detected and equated to the O-3 dose to the lung. Three O-3 effect measurements (increased BAL protein and neutrophils and decreased BAL macrophages) were also made in subjects or animals exposed in parallel to determine whether there was a correspondence between dose and effect measurements. Eight human male volunteers 18 to 35 yr of age were exposed to O-18(3) (0.4 ppm for 2 h) with 15-min alternating periods of heavy treadmill exercise and rest. Rats (F344) were exposed identically, except without exercise. O-18(3) was generated directly from pure O-18(2). BAL cells and centrifugally separable surfactant material were freeze-dried and analyzed by mass spectrometer for excess O-18. Results showed that the exercising humans had four- to fivefold higher O-18 concentrations in all of their BAL constituents than did the rats. The humans also had significant increases in all of the effects markers after 0.4 ppm O-3, whereas the rats did not. Rats that were exposed to higher concentrations of O-18(3) (2.0 ppm) had levels of O-18 in BAL that were more comparable to but still lower than those of exercising humans. Changes in all of the effects markers in these rats were comparable or higher than in exercising humans. Therefore, it appears that O-3 toxicity in resting rats underestimates effects in exercising humans because rats have a lower than expected dose of O-3 to the distal lung. The dose and effect linkage between rats and humans should improve extrapolation of animal toxicity data to humans.
C1 US EPA,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CLIN RES BRANCH,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
   MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
RP HATCH, GE (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PULM TOXICOL BRANCH,MD-82,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 39
TC 121
Z9 121
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER LUNG ASSOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 150
IS 3
BP 676
EP 683
PG 8
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA PH352
UT WOS:A1994PH35200013
PM 8087337
ER

PT J
AU DEVEREUX, R
   MUNDFROM, GW
AF DEVEREUX, R
   MUNDFROM, GW
TI A PHYLOGENETIC TREE OF 165 RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES FROM SULFATE-REDUCING
   BACTERIA IN A SANDY MARINE SEDIMENT
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; HYBRIDIZATION PROBES; MICROBIAL ECOLOGY;
   REDUCTION; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY; DNA
AB The divergence of 16S rDNA sequences in marine sediment was investigated. Twenty unique partial sequences were found among 33 cloned following PCR. Thirteen shared 82 to 91% similarity with sequences of delta subclass sulfate-reducing bacteria. Three contained the target sequence for a sulfate-reducing bacterium-specific oligonucleotide probe designed from pure-culture studies.
C1 TECH RESOURCES INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561.
RP DEVEREUX, R (reprint author), US EPA,1 SABINE ISL DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA.
NR 25
TC 82
Z9 83
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 60
IS 9
BP 3437
EP 3439
PG 3
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA PE570
UT WOS:A1994PE57000058
PM 7524446
ER

PT J
AU HURST, CJ
   BLANNON, JC
   HARDAWAY, RL
   JACKSON, WC
AF HURST, CJ
   BLANNON, JC
   HARDAWAY, RL
   JACKSON, WC
TI DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT OF TETRAZOLIUM DYES UPON BACTERIOPHAGE PLAQUE-ASSAY
   TITERS
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID COLIPHAGES
AB This study examined whether the practice of incorporating either tetrazolium red or tetrazolium violet dye into plaque assay medium deleteriously influences plaque assay titers. Representative members of six different virus families were studied: Cystoviridae (phi 6), Leviviridae (MS2), Microviridae (phi X174), Myoviridae (T2), Podoviridae (P22), and Siphoviridae (Denver, T1, and VD13). Each of the members of the Podoviridae and Siphoviridae families appeared to be suppressed by either one or both dyes at a 300 mu g/ml concentration. The chosen representatives of the other bacteriophage families were not suppressed by either dye at a 300-mu g/ml! concentration. Subsequent trials revealed no suppression of Podoviridae or Siphoviridae plaque assay titers when members of these virus families were tested with the same two dyes at the lower concentrations of 150 and 50 mu g/ml. Interestingly, the bacteriophage families whose members were affected by the dyes have additional commonality in that they are the two bacteriophage families whose members possess both double-stranded DNA genomes and noncontractile tails.
RP HURST, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA.
NR 16
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 60
IS 9
BP 3462
EP 3465
PG 4
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA PE570
UT WOS:A1994PE57000065
PM 16349397
ER

PT J
AU BEIHOFFER, J
   MILAM, N
   RESCHL, JJ
   SEIDEL, JL
AF BEIHOFFER, J
   MILAM, N
   RESCHL, JJ
   SEIDEL, JL
TI IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF ORGANIC-SOLVENTS IN FLAMMABLE
   HAZARDOUS WASTES BY GC/FT-IR
SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE GC FT-IR; RCRA D001 WASTES; FLAMMABLE HAZARDOUS WASTES
ID TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROMETRY; GC-FT-IR; CHROMATOGRAPHY
   MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ENVIRONMENTAL-ANALYSIS; SPECTROSCOPY; GASOLINES;
   EXTRACTS; MS
AB A wide variety of organic solvents within flammable hazardous wastes were determined by GC/FT-IR using external calibration. The hazardous waste samples were prepared for analysis by dilution with hexane. The type of compounds analyzed included acetate esters, alcohols, aromatics, ethylene glycol ethers, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketones, and other industrial solvents. The instrumental detection limits for the various compounds ranged from 4 to 240 mu g/mL. Calibration curves were linear over one to two orders of magnitude and stable for several months. The percent relative standard deviation ranged from 0.9 to 10.0% and the percent bias was within +/- 23% for all analytes.
RP BEIHOFFER, J (reprint author), US EPA,DENVER FED CTR,NATL ENFORCEMENT INVEST CTR,OFF ENFORCEMENT,BLDG 53,BOX 25227,DENVER,CO 80225, USA.
NR 23
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
PI FREDERICK
PA PO BOX 1438, FREDERICK, MD 21701
SN 0003-7028
J9 APPL SPECTROSC
JI Appl. Spectrosc.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 48
IS 9
BP 1143
EP 1146
DI 10.1366/0003702944029532
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy
GA PL056
UT WOS:A1994PL05600014
ER

PT J
AU GARRY, VF
   KELLY, JT
   SPRAFKA, JM
   EDWARDS, S
   GRIFFITH, J
AF GARRY, VF
   KELLY, JT
   SPRAFKA, JM
   EDWARDS, S
   GRIFFITH, J
TI SURVEY OF HEALTH AND USE CHARACTERIZATION OF PESTICIDE APPLIERS IN
   MINNESOTA
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; WORKERS; SAFETY; ERYTHROCYTES; AGRICULTURE;
   PHOSPHINE; FARMERS; PLASMA; RISK
AB We surveyed 1 000 randomly selected state-licensed pesticide appliers to improve our understanding of pesticide use and its potential health effects. Participants were stratified by pesticide class (herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, fumigants) to determine potential differences in health characteristics among different pesticide groups. A subset of 60 applicators, divided by pesticide class used, were studied for exposure-related cholinesterase (ChE) depression. ChE depression in excess of 20% was most frequent in fumigant applicators who did enclosed-space application, in addition to other pesticide application procedures (p < .05). Survey data demonstrated that the prevalence of all common chronic diseases considered together was significantly increased (p = .015) in fumigant appliers, compared with all other pesticide use groups. The frequency of chronic lung disease was also significantly increased in the fumigant applier group (p = .027). Curiously, two cases of a rare hematopoietic neoplasm-hairy cell leukemia-were identified in our study group (annual incidence 0.67/100 000 in Minnesota). Whether there is an association between this unique tumor and agricultural work is uncertain, and further study is needed in this regard.
C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FAMILY PRACTICE & COMMUNITY MED,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455.
   UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC.
   US ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CHAPEL HILL,NC.
RP GARRY, VF (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,ENVIRONM MED & PATHOL LAB,421 29TH AVE SE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414, USA.
NR 38
TC 27
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 1
PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802
SN 0003-9896
J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH
JI Arch. Environ. Health
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1994
VL 49
IS 5
BP 337
EP 343
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA PM188
UT WOS:A1994PM18800006
PM 7944564
ER

PT J
AU ATTERWILL, CK
   BRUININK, A
   DREJER, J
   DUARTE, E
   ABDULLA, EM
   MEREDITH, C
   NICOTERA, P
   REGAN, C
   RODRIGUEZFARRE, E
   SIMPSON, MG
   SMITH, R
   VERONESI, B
   VIJVERBERG, H
   WALUM, E
   WILLIAMS, DC
AF ATTERWILL, CK
   BRUININK, A
   DREJER, J
   DUARTE, E
   ABDULLA, EM
   MEREDITH, C
   NICOTERA, P
   REGAN, C
   RODRIGUEZFARRE, E
   SIMPSON, MG
   SMITH, R
   VERONESI, B
   VIJVERBERG, H
   WALUM, E
   WILLIAMS, DC
TI IN-VITRO NEUROTOXICITY TESTING - THE REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF ECVAM
   WORKSHOP-3
SO ATLA-ALTERNATIVES TO LABORATORY ANIMALS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMICALS
C1 ETH ZURICH,INST TOXICOL,CH-8603 SCHWERZENBACH,SWITZERLAND.
   UNIV ZURICH,CH-8603 SCHWERZENBACH,SWITZERLAND.
   NEUROSEARCH AS,DK-2600 GLOSTRUP,DENMARK.
   UNIV COIMBRA,DEPT ZOOL,P-3059 COIMBRA,PORTUGAL.
   WELLCOME RES LABS,BECKENHAM BR3 3BS,KENT,ENGLAND.
   BRITISH IND BIOL RES ASSOC,CARSHALTON SM5 4DS,SURREY,ENGLAND.
   KAROLINSKA INST,INST ENVIRONM MED,DIV TOXICOL,S-17177 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN.
   NATL UNIV IRELAND UNIV COLL DUBLIN,DEPT PHARMACOL,DUBLIN 4,IRELAND.
   CSIC,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,E-08034 BARCELONA,SPAIN.
   ZENECA PHARMACEUT,DEPT PATHOL,MACCLESFIELD SK10 4TG,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND.
   UNIV GLASGOW,DEPT ANAT,GLASGOW G12 8QQ,LANARK,SCOTLAND.
   US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   UNIV UTRECHT,RITOX,3508 TD UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS.
   PHARMACIA AB,CTR BIOSCI,S-11287 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN.
   UNIV DUBLIN TRINITY COLL,NATL PHARMACEUT BIOTECHNOL CTR,DUBLIN 2,IRELAND.
RP ATTERWILL, CK (reprint author), UNIV HERTFORDSHIRE,DIV BIOSCI,COLL LANE,HATFIELD AL10 9AB,HERTS,ENGLAND.
RI Rodriguez-Farre, Eduard/A-9461-2008; Vijverberg, Henk/J-7490-2012
NR 16
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 1
PU FRAME
PI NOTTINGHAM
PA RUSSELL & BURCH HOUSE 96-98 NORTH SHERWOOD ST, NOTTINGHAM, NOTTS,
   ENGLAND NG1 4EE
SN 0261-1929
J9 ATLA-ALTERN LAB ANIM
JI ATLA-Altern. Lab. Anim.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1994
VL 22
IS 5
BP 350
EP 362
PG 13
WC Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Research & Experimental Medicine
GA PJ390
UT WOS:A1994PJ39000007
ER

PT J
AU FOSTER, KL
   STEIMLE, FW
   MUIR, WC
   KROPP, RK
   CONLIN, BE
AF FOSTER, KL
   STEIMLE, FW
   MUIR, WC
   KROPP, RK
   CONLIN, BE
TI MITIGATION POTENTIAL OF HABITAT REPLACEMENT - CONCRETE ARTIFICIAL REEF
   IN DELAWARE BAY - PRELIMINARY-RESULTS
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID NEW-YORK-BIGHT; FOULING COMMUNITY; CAROLINA; ESTUARY
AB Artificial reefs are being proposed as mitigation for habitat loss in estuaries and coastal areas. However there is insufficient information to verify that artificial reefs enhance biological resources. To study their value for mitigating habitat loss, 16 prefabricated concrete terraced artificial reef modules were deployed in lower Delaware Bay in 1989. A 5-year monitoring study was begun to assess the artificial reef's value as a long-term habitat and forage area for fishery resources as compared to non-reef habitats in the Bay. After 2 years, the reef modules appear to be physically stable and support biological resources. Fishes, including juveniles, typical of reefs in the region, were observed in and near the reef The blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, dominated the epibenthic community that developed on the modules and was primarily responsible for a mean epibenthic biomass density of 24.865 kg.nm-2 (wet wt.) on module surfaces through June 1991. However, this mussel-dominated density was reduced, by approximately 95%, in August 1991 to a mean 0.596 kg.m(-2), with other taxa such as, sponges, corals, and anemones increasing in community importance. In comparison to the epibenthic biomass on the modules, the mean benthic infauna biomass in the silty sand sediments of the reef site ranged from 0.046 to 0.316 kg.m(-2) in 1991. These preliminary results suggest that this artificial reef complex enhanced gross benthic biomass at the reef site by about 147 to 895 fold over the benthic infauna in the study area, based on a standard area of Bay bottom, the reef module ''footprint.''
C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,HIGHLANDS,NJ 07732.
   US EPA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19106.
   US CORPS ENGINEERS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19106.
RP FOSTER, KL (reprint author), BATTELLE OCEAN SCI,397 WASHINGTON ST,DUXBURY,MA 02332, USA.
NR 34
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 5
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149
SN 0007-4977
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 55
IS 2-3
BP 783
EP 795
PG 13
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA QB584
UT WOS:A1994QB58400042
ER

PT J
AU DRAGAN, YP
   HULLY, J
   CROW, R
   MASS, M
   PITOT, HC
AF DRAGAN, YP
   HULLY, J
   CROW, R
   MASS, M
   PITOT, HC
TI INCORPORATION OF BROMODEOXYURIDINE IN GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE-POSITIVE
   HEPATOCYTES DURING RAT MULTISTAGE HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS
SO CARCINOGENESIS
LA English
DT Review
ID ALTERED HEPATIC FOCI; INDUCED CELL-PROLIFERATION; LIVER CARCINOGENESIS;
   PRENEOPLASTIC CELLS; TUMOR PROMOTION; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS;
   QUANTITATIVE STEREOLOGY; PHENOTYPIC STABILITY; PARTIAL-HEPATECTOMY;
   FISCHER-344 RATS
AB Cell proliferation is pivotal to all stages of the carcinogenesis process and is one of the primary characteristics of the promotion stage of cancer development. Both a two-stage model of initiation and promotion for analysis of early preneoplasia and a three-stage initiation-promotion-progression model of hepatocarcinogenesis were used to address the effect of the liver tumor-promoting agent phenobarbital (PB) on hepatic cellular proliferation. Male rats were subjected to a 70% partial hepatectomy and 10 mg diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/kg or the solvent alone and were administered PB for 4-8 months. Analysis of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation (1 h pulse) in liver within (focal) and not within (non-focal) altered hepatic foci (AHF) demonstrated a labeling index in AHF of 2% in DEN-initiated rats; the non-focal labeling index of placental glutathione S-transferase expressing hepatocytes was 0.3-0.6%. The focal labeling index was constant over the 8 month period of promotion. Inasmuch as one characteristic of promotion is the reversibility of the induced effects on clonal expansion of initiated cells, groups of rats initially promoted with PB were maintained in the absence of continued promotion for 4 or 8 months prior to being killed. Assessment of the focal labeling index after cessation of PB treatment indicated a drop in the index from 2.3% to 0.7%. When a progressor agent, ethylnitrosourea, was given at the time PB was discontinued for 4 or 8 months, a significant change in focal labeling index was not observed relative to the index in AHF when the animals were killed immediately after 8 months of PB promotion. Thus, cell proliferation plays an integral role in both the promotion and progression stages of multistage rat hepatocarcinogenesis and is influenced by administration of promoting and progressor agents.
C1 US EPA, METAB & CARCINOGENESIS BRANCH, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA.
RP DRAGAN, YP (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN, SCH MED, MCARDLE LAB CANC RES, 1400 UNIV AVE, MADISON, WI 53706 USA.
FU NCI NIH HHS [NCI CA-07175, NCI CA-22484, NCI CA-45700]
NR 99
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 1
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0143-3334
J9 CARCINOGENESIS
JI Carcinogenesis
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 9
BP 1939
EP 1947
DI 10.1093/carcin/15.9.1939
PG 9
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA PJ846
UT WOS:A1994PJ84600026
PM 7923588
ER

PT J
AU DELNOMDEDIEU, M
   BASTI, MM
   STYBLO, M
   OTVOS, JD
   THOMAS, DJ
AF DELNOMDEDIEU, M
   BASTI, MM
   STYBLO, M
   OTVOS, JD
   THOMAS, DJ
TI COMPLEXATION OF ARSENIC SPECIES IN RABBIT ERYTHROCYTES
SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; INTACT HUMAN-ERYTHROCYTES; SPIN-ECHO NMR;
   BILIARY-EXCRETION; GLUTATHIONE; METABOLISM; MICE; PENTAVALENT;
   REDUCTION; TRIVALENT
AB The binding of arsenite, As(III), and arsenate, As(V), by molecules in the intracellular compartment of rabbit erythrocytes has been studied by H-1- and P-31-NMR spectroscopy, uptake of As-73, and ultrafiltration experiments. For intact erythrocytes to which 0.1-0.4 mM arsenite was added, direct evidence was obtained for entry of 76% within 1/2 h and subsequent binding of As(III) by intracellular glutathione and induced changes in the hemoglobin structure (NMR), likely due to binding of As(III). These results were compared with the effect of addition of As(V) on intact erythrocytes and revealed that a smaller amount of As(V) (similar to 25%) enters the cells; the main fraction of As(V) enters the phosphate pathway, depletes ATP, and increases P-i. In contrast, As(III) did not affect the ATP level. Both H-1- and P-31-NMR data indicated striking differences between As(III) and As(V) confirmed by As-73 uptake and binding experiments. meso-2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), a dithiol ligand, released glutathione from its arsenite complexes in erythrocytes.
C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
   N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
RP DELNOMDEDIEU, M (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CTR ENVIRONM MED,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PHARMACOKINET BRANCH,MD 74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 46
TC 67
Z9 69
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0893-228X
J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL
JI Chem. Res. Toxicol.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1994
VL 7
IS 5
BP 621
EP 627
DI 10.1021/tx00041a006
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology
GA PJ198
UT WOS:A1994PJ19800006
PM 7841340
ER

PT J
AU MCKENNEY, CL
AF MCKENNEY, CL
TI RESISTANCE PATTERNS TO SALINITY AND TEMPERATURE IN AN ESTUARINE MYSID
   (MYSIDOPSIS-BAHIA) IN RELATION TO ITS LIFE-CYCLE
SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE
   PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE MYSID; TEMPERATURE; SALINITY; SURVIVAL
ID TOXICITY; MOLENOCK
AB Survival of the estuarine mysid Mysidopsis bahia was monitored in the laboratory from juvenile through maturation to an adult under various combinations of salinity (3-31 parts per thousand S) and temperature (19-31 degrees C). Salinity had a greater influence on mysid survival than did temperature. Salinity tolerance was strongly modified by temperature with maximum tolerance at intermediate temperatures. Salinity-temperature interactions on mysid survival varied with age of the mysid. Canonical analysis of weekly resistance patterns produced absolute maximum survival combinations for salinity and temperature which changed over time. The salinity-temperature tolerance ranges described for this estuarine mysid correspond with previously described physiological capabilities and distribution patterns.
RP MCKENNEY, CL (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, GULF BREEZE, FL 32561 USA.
NR 31
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1095-6433
EI 1531-4332
J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A
JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 109
IS 1
BP 199
EP 208
DI 10.1016/0300-9629(94)90327-1
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology
GA NZ742
UT WOS:A1994NZ74200021
ER

PT J
AU MIRANDA, CL
   SCHOOR, WP
   ZHAO, XN
   HENDERSON, MC
   REED, RL
   BUHLER, DR
AF MIRANDA, CL
   SCHOOR, WP
   ZHAO, XN
   HENDERSON, MC
   REED, RL
   BUHLER, DR
TI IMMUNOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION OF CYTOCHROMES P-450 IN
   MULLET
SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY &
   ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE CYTOCHROME P-450; XENOBIOTICS; MUGIL CEPHALUS
ID RAINBOW-TROUT LIVER; LAURIC ACID; STENOTOMUS-CHRYSOPS; CROSS-REACTIVITY;
   FISH; HYDROXYLATION; METABOLISM; ISOZYMES; RAT; PURIFICATION
AB Immunoblots (Western blot) of mullet liver microsomes revealed the presence of multiple forms of P-450 that appear to be structurally related to rainbow trout CYP1A1 and CYP2K1 and to P-450 LMC1 and LMC4, but not to LMC5. 3-Methylchoanthrene but not beta-naphthoflavone induced a major 58 kDa liver protein and a minor 56 kDa protein in mullet that both cross-reacted with anti-trout CYP1A1 IgG. The levels of immunodetectable P-450s and the activities of microsomal lauric acid hydroxylase, DMBA hydroxylase and progesterone 6 beta-hydroxylase were several times lower in mullet liver than in rainbow trout liver; however, progesterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase and progesterone 20 alpha-hydroxylase activities were 4-fold and 6-fold higher, respectively, in mullet than in trout liver.
C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR CHEM,TOXICOL PROGRAM,CORVALLIS,OR 97331.
   US EPA,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561.
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES03850, ES04766, ES00210]
NR 33
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0742-8413
J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C
JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 109
IS 1
BP 27
EP 35
DI 10.1016/1367-8280(94)00043-3
PG 9
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism;
   Toxicology; Zoology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism;
   Toxicology; Zoology
GA QH876
UT WOS:A1994QH87600004
PM 7881808
ER

PT J
AU GULLETT, BK
   RAGHUNATHAN, K
AF GULLETT, BK
   RAGHUNATHAN, K
TI REDUCTION OF COAL-BASED METAL EMISSIONS BY FURNACE SORBENT INJECTION
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article
ID PARTICLE-SIZE; FLY-ASH; REMOVAL
AB The ability of sorbent injection technology to reduce the potential for trace metal emissions from coal combustion was researched. Pilot scale tests of high-temperature furnace sorbent injection were accompanied by stack sampling for coal-based, metallic air toxics. Tested sorbents included hydrated lime, limestone, kaolinite, and bauxite injected at 1000, 1150, and 1300 degrees C, and through the burner at several feed rates. Continuous gas monitoring and solids sampling by particle size determined changes in metal concentrations from baseline measurements. The impact of sorbent injection on trace metal emissions is a function of metal type, sorbent type, and injection mode. Reductions in submicrometer concentrations of antimony, arsenic, mercury, and selenium were observed when hydrated lime and limestone were injected. The total amount of captured arsenic, cadmium, and lead increased when using, variously, hydrated lime, limestone, and kaolinite.
C1 ACUREX ENVIRONM CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RP GULLETT, BK (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 17
TC 63
Z9 69
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0887-0624
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1994
VL 8
IS 5
BP 1068
EP 1076
DI 10.1021/ef00047a009
PG 9
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA PG748
UT WOS:A1994PG74800009
ER

PT J
AU Englund, EJ
   Heravi, N
AF Englund, Evan J.
   Heravi, Naser
TI Phased sampling for soil remediation
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS
LA English
DT Article
DE adaptive sampling; geostatistics; interpolation; sampling design;
   sampling optimization
AB In phased sampling, data obtained in one phase is used to design the sampling network for the next phase. Given N total observations, 1,..., N phases are possible. Experiments were conducted with one-phase, two-phase, and N-phase design algorithms on surrogate models of sites with contaminated soils. The sampling objective was to identify through interpolation, subunits of the site that required remediation. The cost-effectiveness of alternate methods was compared by using a loss function. More phases are better, but in economic terms, the improvement is marginal. The optimal total number of samples is essentially independent of the number of phases. For two phase designs, 75% of samples in the first phase is near optimal; 20% or less is actually counterproductive.
C1 [Englund, Evan J.] US EPA, Environm Monitoring Syst Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
   [Heravi, Naser] Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89194 USA.
RP Englund, EJ (reprint author), US EPA, Environm Monitoring Syst Lab, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
NR 13
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1352-8505
EI 1573-3009
J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT
JI Environ. Ecol. Stat.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 1
IS 3
BP 247
EP 263
DI 10.1007/BF00571399
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications;
   Statistics & Probability
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics
GA V31TI
UT WOS:000208905500007
ER

PT J
AU LARSEN, DP
   THORNTON, KW
   URQUHART, NS
   PAULSEN, SG
AF LARSEN, DP
   THORNTON, KW
   URQUHART, NS
   PAULSEN, SG
TI THE ROLE OF SAMPLE-SURVEYS FOR MONITORING THE CONDITION OF THE NATIONS
   LAKES
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
AB In order to meet a growing need to determine the condition of the nation's ecosystems and how their condition is changing, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed EMAP, the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program. A common survey design serves as the foundation on which to base monitoring of status and trends among diverse ecosystem types. In this paper, we describe the need for a statistically based survey design, briefly summarize the basic EMAP design, describe how that design is tailored for the selection of a probability sample of lakes on which to make measurements of lake condition, and illustrate the process for selecting a sample of lakes in the northeastern United States. Finally, we illustrate how measurements taken on the sample of lakes can be summarized, with known uncertainty, to describe the condition of a population of lakes.
RP LARSEN, DP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA.
NR 0
TC 62
Z9 64
U1 0
U2 1
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 32
IS 2
BP 101
EP 134
DI 10.1007/BF00547131
PG 34
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PZ623
UT WOS:A1994PZ62300002
PM 24214085
ER

PT J
AU SCHULTZ, DA
   RASCHKE, RL
   JONES, R
AF SCHULTZ, DA
   RASCHKE, RL
   JONES, R
TI A SHORTENED ALGAL GROWTH-POTENTIAL TEST
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
AB The Algal Growth Potential Test has been an accepted standard test. for measuring the bioavailability of nutrients in water bodies. A shortened seven day test has been developed, tested, and shown to have a strong correlation relationship with algal tests grown to maximum dry weight yields. The new test will save time in processing the samples and processing of test data.
RP SCHULTZ, DA (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM SERV,BAILEY RD ANNEX,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 32
IS 3
BP 201
EP 205
DI 10.1007/BF00546276
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA QB602
UT WOS:A1994QB60200003
PM 24214134
ER

PT J
AU FLETCHER, JS
   NELLESSEN, JE
   PFLEEGER, TG
AF FLETCHER, JS
   NELLESSEN, JE
   PFLEEGER, TG
TI LITERATURE-REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF THE EPA FOOD-CHAIN (KENAGA)
   NOMOGRAM, AN INSTRUMENT FOR ESTIMATING PESTICIDE-RESIDUES ON PLANTS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE FOOD CHAIN; NOMOGRAM; PESTICIDES; PLANT RESIDUE; UTAB DATABASE
ID ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS
AB The Kenaga nomogram is a simple device that was developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the early 1980s and is currently used to predict the maximum potential pesticide residue levels in the food chain of wildlife before pesticide registration. To evaluate the accuracy of this nomogram, predicted levels were compared to levels reported in the literature. Data (obtained from the UTAB database developed by the University of Oklahoma) demonstrated that day-0 levels predicted by the nomogram were often exceeded. Data from the UTAB database exceeded the nomogram predictions by the following percentages listed by crop: short range grass, 0; leafy crops, 3; long grass, 4; pods/seeds, 8; fruits, 19; and forage (legumes), 22. Minor modification of the nomogram is recommended. Recommended modifications would result in an elevation of the predicted residue levels for fruits and forage (legume) crops.
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333.
RP FLETCHER, JS (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,NORMAN,OK 73019, USA.
NR 17
TC 21
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 6
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 9
BP 1383
EP 1391
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA PE170
UT WOS:A1994PE17000002
ER

PT J
AU RUTH, BF
   FLEMER, DA
   BUNDRICK, CM
AF RUTH, BF
   FLEMER, DA
   BUNDRICK, CM
TI RECOLONIZATION OF ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS BY MACROINVERTEBRATES - DOES
   MICROCOSM SIZE MATTER
SO ESTUARIES
LA English
DT Article
ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SCALE; PATTERNS; BENTHOS
AB Microcosms containing defaunated, fine estuarine sediments were field deployed to assess the effects of microcosm size on the rate of benthic macroinvertebrate recolonization and resulting community structure.  Four sizes of microcosms (square acrylic plastic boxes:  7 cm side-1, 12 cm side-1, 20 cm side-1, and 32 cm side-1, all 6-cm deep) were deployed in upper Perdido Bay, Florida, and colonized for 6 wk.  Absolute mean total number of organisms (TNO) differed (alpha = 0.05) among all sizes, while normalized mean TNO (adjusted to 12 cm side-1 area) did not.  Mean total number of taxa (TNT) was different among sizes:  7 cm side-1, 12 cm side-1, and 20 cm side-1, but not between sizes 20 cm side-1 and 32 cm side-1.  Seven dominant taxa occurred in all size microcosms.  Scaling of physical design features (size of microcosm) affected numbers of taxa in recolonization of fine-grained sediments in our study area, but effects on abundance and dominance were minimal.
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561.
   UNIV W FLORIDA,INST STAT & MATH MODELLING,PENSACOLA,FL 32514.
RP RUTH, BF (reprint author), AVANTI CORP,US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA.
NR 30
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 0
PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0160-8347
J9 ESTUARIES
JI Estuaries
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 17
IS 3
BP 606
EP 613
DI 10.2307/1352408
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA QA359
UT WOS:A1994QA35900008
ER

PT J
AU HOFFER, R
AF HOFFER, R
TI WATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT
SO GEOTIMES
LA English
DT Article
RP HOFFER, R (reprint author), US EPA,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,MAIL CODE 4601,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507
SN 0016-8556
J9 GEOTIMES
JI Geotimes
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 39
IS 9
BP 12
EP 14
PG 3
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA PQ633
UT WOS:A1994PQ63300005
ER

PT J
AU FARRIS, JM
AF FARRIS, JM
TI NATIONAL WATER-QUALITY MONITORING STRATEGY UPDATE
SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP FARRIS, JM (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GROUND WATER PROTECT,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081
SN 1069-3629
J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R
JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat.
PD FAL
PY 1994
VL 14
IS 4
BP 113
EP 113
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00486.x
PG 1
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA PN479
UT WOS:A1994PN47900001
ER

PT J
AU FOLGER, PF
   NYBERG, P
   WANTY, RB
   POETER, E
AF FOLGER, PF
   NYBERG, P
   WANTY, RB
   POETER, E
TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RN-222 DISSOLVED IN-GROUND WATER-SUPPLIES AND
   INDOOR RN-222 CONCENTRATIONS IN SOME COLORADO FRONT RANGE HOUSES
SO HEALTH PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE RN-222; GROUND WATER; SOIL; DETECTOR, ALPHA-TRACK
AB Indoor Rn-222 concentrations were measured in 37 houses with alpha track detectors placed in water-use rooms near water sources (bathrooms, laundry rooms, and kitchens) and in non-water-use living rooms, dining rooms, and bedrooms away from water sources. Results show that relative contributions of Rn-222 to indoor air from water use are insignificant when soil-gas concentrations are high but become increasingly important as the ratio of Rn-222-in-water:Rn-222-in-soil gas increases. High roil-gps Rn-222 concentrations may mask Rn contributions from water even when waterborne Rn-222 concentrations are as high as 750 kBq m(-3). Ground water in Precambrian Pikes Peak granite averages 340 kBq m(-3 222) Rn, vs. 170 kBq m(-3) in Precambrian migmatite, but average Rn-222 concentrations in soil gas are also lower in migmatite. Because the ratio of Rn-222-in-water:Rn-222-in-soil gas may be consistently higher for houses in migmatite than in Pikes Peak granite, indoor air in houses built on migmatite may have a greater relative contribution from water use even though average Rn-222 concentrations in the water are lower. Continuous monitoring of Rn-222 concentrations in air on 15-min intervals also indicates that additions to indoor concentrations from water use are significant and measurable only when soil-gas concentrations are low and concentrations in water are high. When soil-gas concentrations were mitigated to less than 150 Bq m(-3) in one house, water contributes 20-40% of the annual indoor Rn-222 concentration in the laundry room (Rn-222 concentration in water of 670 kBq m(-3)). Conversely, when the mitigation system is inactive, diurnal fluctuations and other variations in the soil-gas Rn-222 contribution swamp the variability due to water use in the house. Measurable variations in indoor concentrations from water use were not detected in one house despite a low soil-gas contribution of approximately 150 Bq m(-3) because waterborne Rn-222 concentrations also are low (80 kBq m(-3)). This result suggests that Rn-222 concentrations in water near the recommended EPA limit in drinking water of 11 kBq m(-3) may not contribute measurable amounts of Rn-222 to indoor air in most houses.
C1 COLORADO SCH MINES, DEPT GEOL & GEOL ENGN, GOLDEN, CO 80401 USA.
   US EPA, DENVER, CO 80202 USA.
RP FOLGER, PF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, MS 916, DENVER, CO 80225 USA.
NR 9
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0017-9078
EI 1538-5159
J9 HEALTH PHYS
JI Health Phys.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 67
IS 3
BP 245
EP 253
DI 10.1097/00004032-199409000-00004
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
   Imaging
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
   Medical Imaging
GA PC297
UT WOS:A1994PC29700004
PM 8056590
ER

PT J
AU TEICHMAN, KY
AF TEICHMAN, KY
TI INDOOR AIR-QUALITY - EXPLORING POLICY OPTIONS TO REDUCE HUMAN EXPOSURES
SO INDOOR AIR
LA English
DT Article
DE INDOOR AIR QUALITY POLICY OPTIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO; SMOKE; RADON;
   PROBLEM BUILDINGS; VENTILATION STANDARDS
AB Deciding between the different policy approaches available for reducing human exposures to indoor pollutants is an exceptionally complex task. These options can range from waiting until more definitive information is available to enacting regulatory standards, with many variations in between. This paper presents some of the factors policy-makers must consider in establishing indoor air quality policies, and the role researchers should play in ensuring that indoor air policies are based on the best available scientific information.
RP TEICHMAN, KY (reprint author), US EPA, OFF RES & DEV, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA.
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0905-6947
EI 1600-0668
J9 INDOOR AIR
JI Indoor Air
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 4
IS 3
BP 202
EP 211
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.1994.t01-1-00009.x
PG 10
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public,
   Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental &
   Occupational Health
GA PV827
UT WOS:A1994PV82700009
ER

PT J
AU HANLEY, JT
   ENSOR, DS
   SMITH, DD
   SPARKS, LE
AF HANLEY, JT
   ENSOR, DS
   SMITH, DD
   SPARKS, LE
TI FRACTIONAL AEROSOL FILTRATION EFFICIENCY OF IN-DUCT VENTILATION AIR
   CLEANERS
SO INDOOR AIR-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Indoor Air 93 Congress
CY JUL, 1993
CL HELSINKI, FINLAND
DE AIR CLEANER; AEROSOL; FILTRATION; EFFICIENCY; FRACTIONAL
ID PARTICLE
AB The filtration efficiency of ventilation air cleaners is highly particle-size dependent over the 0.01 to 3 mu m diameter size range. Current standardized test methods, which determine only overall efficiencies for ambient aerosol or other test aerosols, provide data of limited utility. Because particles in this range are respirable and can remain airborne for prolonged time periods, measurement of air cleaner fractional efficiency is required for application to indoor air quality issues. The objectives of this work have been to 1) develop a test apparatus and procedure to quantify the the fractional filtration efficiency of air cleaners over the 0.01 to 3 mu m diameter size range and 2) quantify the fractional efficiency of several induct air cleaners typical of those used in residential and office ventilation systems.
   Results show that efficiency is highly dependent on particle size, flow rate, and dust load present on the air cleaner. A minimum in efficiency was often observed in the 0.1 to 0.5 mu m diameter size range. The presence of a dust load frequently increased an air cleaner's efficiency; however, some air cleaners showed little change or a decrease in efficiency with dust loading. The common furnace filter had fractional efficiency values of less than 10% over much of the measurement size range.
C1 US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP HANLEY, JT (reprint author), RES TRIANGLE INST,CTR AEROSOL TECHNOL,POB 12194,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA.
NR 14
TC 69
Z9 69
U1 1
U2 19
PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD
PI COPENHAGEN
PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
SN 0905-6947
J9 INDOOR AIR
JI Indoor Air-Int. J. Indoor Air Qual. Clim.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 4
IS 3
BP 169
EP 178
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.1994.t01-1-00005.x
PG 10
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public,
   Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental &
   Occupational Health
GA PV827
UT WOS:A1994PV82700005
ER

PT J
AU BARTOLOTTI, LJ
   EDNEY, EO
AF BARTOLOTTI, LJ
   EDNEY, EO
TI INVESTIGATION OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE ENERGY OF THE HIGHEST
   OCCUPIED MOLECULAR-ORBITAL (HOMO) AND THE LOGARITHM OF THE OH
   RATE-CONSTANT OF HYDROFLUOROCARBONS AND HYDROFLUOROETHERS
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID POTENTIAL CFC REPLACEMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; LIFETIMES; RADICALS
AB A regression based model was developed to determine whether highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies, calculated using Kohn-Sham orbital density functional theory (DFT), could be used to estimate the OH rate constants of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrofluoroethers (HFEs), proposed substitutes for stratospheric O3 depleting chlorofluorocarbons. The goodness of fit of the DFT model was compared with a second regression model, derived using recently reported HOMO energies obtained from Hartree Fock theory (HFT). Both models were employed to predict OH rate constants for a number of HFCs and HFEs whose OH rate constants have not been measured, thus providing data on the types of chemical structures that may increase the OH reactivity of the substitute and hence decrease its contribution to global warming. The estimated percent standard errors in the OH rate constant HFT and DFT regression models were 72% and 78%, respectively. The goodness of fits were such that the models can differentiate between two rate constants only when their ratio exceeds about a factor of four. Model results suggest that (1) only a limited number of HFEs will have OH rate constants that are more than an order of magnitude greater than the value for their corresponding HFCs and (2) the strategy of introducing an ether linkage into an HFC to dramatically enhance its reactivity will be most effective for the least fluorinated HFCs. (C) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.dagger
C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP BARTOLOTTI, LJ (reprint author), N CAROLINA SUPERCOMP CTR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 13
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0538-8066
J9 INT J CHEM KINET
JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 26
IS 9
BP 913
EP 920
DI 10.1002/kin.550260905
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA PC995
UT WOS:A1994PC99500004
ER

PT J
AU LAWS, EP
AF LAWS, EP
TI RECLAIMING BROWNFIELDS
SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
RP LAWS, EP (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418
SN 0748-5492
J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL
JI Issues Sci. Technol.
PD FAL
PY 1994
VL 11
IS 1
BP 6
EP 7
PG 2
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial;
   Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues
GA PL710
UT WOS:A1994PL71000003
ER

PT J
AU METZENBAUM, S
AF METZENBAUM, S
TI CIVIC ENVIRONMENTALISM
SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
RP METZENBAUM, S (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418
SN 0748-5492
J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL
JI Issues Sci. Technol.
PD FAL
PY 1994
VL 11
IS 1
BP 7
EP 7
PG 1
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial;
   Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues
GA PL710
UT WOS:A1994PL71000004
ER

PT J
AU BRUMLEY, WC
   SHAFTER, EM
   TILLANDER, PE
AF BRUMLEY, WC
   SHAFTER, EM
   TILLANDER, PE
TI DETERMINATION OF PHTHALATES IN WATER AND SOIL BY TANDEM
   MASS-SPECTROMETRY UNDER CHEMICAL-IONIZATION CONDITIONS WITH ISOBUTANE AS
   REAGENT GAS
SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; TRACE ENVIRONMENTAL-ANALYSIS; ESTERS;
   CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION; ORGANICS; CLEANUP
AB Eleven phthalate esters spiked in water and soil were determined by tandem mass spectrometry (MS) under positive chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) conditions with isobutane as reagent gas. Emphasis was placed on the determination step because tandem MS and CIMS are not widely adopted in current methods of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Extraction by sonication and cleanup by use of a solid-phase extraction cartridge were adopted. The relative response factors gave relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 12-30% when 2 unlabeled internal standards were used. The relative abundances of monitored ions gave relative abundance deviations of less than +/- 8%. The method confirms identity, including molecular weight, and quantitates with high specificity. Results obtained with 2 unlabeled internal standards were compared with results obtained with a stable-isotope-labeled internal standard for dioctyl phthalate.
RP BRUMLEY, WC (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA.
NR 35
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 2
PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504
SN 1060-3271
J9 J AOAC INT
JI J. AOAC Int.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1994
VL 77
IS 5
BP 1230
EP 1236
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA PL737
UT WOS:A1994PL73700030
ER

PT J
AU EDGELL, KW
   LONGBOTTOM, JE
   PFAFF, JD
   ALTMAN, R
   ARAR, E
   BAKER, M
   BENNETT, T
   BOLYARD, M
   CASSAT, R
   HEAD, D
   JOYCE, R
   KERSEY, D
   LATSH, R
   LAWRENCE, R
   MEYER, J
   PATERSON, H
   PEDEN, M
   POTTS, R
   RAIA, J
   RHODES, H
   RODRIQUEZ, L
   SORBET, E
   VICKERS, J
   WALTON, P
   WARDEN, B
AF EDGELL, KW
   LONGBOTTOM, JE
   PFAFF, JD
   ALTMAN, R
   ARAR, E
   BAKER, M
   BENNETT, T
   BOLYARD, M
   CASSAT, R
   HEAD, D
   JOYCE, R
   KERSEY, D
   LATSH, R
   LAWRENCE, R
   MEYER, J
   PATERSON, H
   PEDEN, M
   POTTS, R
   RAIA, J
   RHODES, H
   RODRIQUEZ, L
   SORBET, E
   VICKERS, J
   WALTON, P
   WARDEN, B
TI DETERMINATION OF INORGANIC ANIONS IN WATER BY ION CHROMATOGRAPHY -
   COLLABORATIVE STUDY
SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) conducted a joint collaborative study validating an ion chromatographic method for determination of inorganic anions (U.S. EPA method 300.0A and the equivalent proposed revision to ASTM method D4327). This study was conducted to determine the mean recovery and precision of analyses for bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate, and sulfate in reagent water, drinking water, and wastewater. The study design was based on Youden's nonreplicate plan for collaborative tests of analytical methods. The test waters were spiked with the anions at 6 concentration levels, prepared as 3 Youden pairs. The 22 volunteer laboratories were instructed to dilute 10 mL sample concentrate to 100 mL test water. A measured volume of sample (20-200 mu L) was injected into an ion chromatograph equipped with a guard column, anion exchange column, and a chemical micromembrane suppression device. The anions were then separated using 1.7 mM sodium bicarbonate and 1.8 mM sodium carbonate, and measured by a conductivity detector. Submitted data were evaluated using U.S. EPA's IMVS computer program, which follows ASTM D2777-86 statistical guidance. U.S. EPA method 300.0A and ASTM method D4327 were judged acceptable for measurement of the above anions (except sulfate) at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 25 mg/L and sulfate concentrations from 2.9 to 95 mg/L. Mean recoveries for the 7 anions from all matrixes, as estimated from the linear regression equations, ranged from 95 to 104%. At concentrations above 2-6 mg/L for bromide, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, and orthophosphate, and above 24 mg/L for sulfate, the overall and single-analyst relative standard deviations were less than 10 and 6%, respectively. As concentrations decreased, precision became more variable. The relative standard deviations of results for chloride were slightly higher than the other anions, especially in matrixes with high chloride back ground. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests at the 95% confidence interval indicated a statistically significant matrix effect for chloride, nitrite, and nitrate analyses in drinking water compared to analyses in reagent water. Because these matrix effects were caused by the spiking process and not the drinking water itself, the ANOVA determination was not considered to be of practical significance.
C1 US EPA,DIV QUAL ASSURANCE RES,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
   US EPA,DIV CHEM RES,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
RP EDGELL, KW (reprint author), BIONET CORP,16 TRIANGLE PK DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45246, USA.
NR 9
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 6
PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504
SN 1060-3271
J9 J AOAC INT
JI J. AOAC Int.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1994
VL 77
IS 5
BP 1253
EP 1263
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA PL737
UT WOS:A1994PL73700034
PM 7950425
ER

PT J
AU MCCUTCHEON, SC
   THEIS, TL
AF MCCUTCHEON, SC
   THEIS, TL
TI THE EDITORS RESPOND TO THE COMMENTS AND ADVICE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL
   ENGINEERING COMMUNITY
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP MCCUTCHEON, SC (reprint author), US EPA,RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30601, USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
SN 0733-9372
J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE
JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1994
VL 120
IS 5
BP 986
EP 990
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1994)120:5(986)
PG 5
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PH582
UT WOS:A1994PH58200002
ER

PT J
AU FIELD, R
   PITT, R
   LALOR, M
   BROWN, M
   VILKELIS, W
   PHACKSTON, E
AF FIELD, R
   PITT, R
   LALOR, M
   BROWN, M
   VILKELIS, W
   PHACKSTON, E
TI INVESTIGATION OF DRY-WEATHER POLLUTANT ENTRIES INTO STORM-DRAINAGE
   SYSTEMS
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
AB This article describes the results of a series of research tasks to develop a procedure to investigate non-storm-water (dry-weather) entries into storm-drainage systems (Pitt et al. 1993a, 1993b). Dry-weather flows discharging from storm-drainage systems contribute significant pollutant loadings to receiving waters, and although they can originate from many sources, the most significant include sanitary wastewater, industrial- and commercial-pollutant entries, failing septic-tank systems, and vehicle-maintenance activities. Protocols are discussed to characterize the drainage area, locate and identify polluted outfalls, estimate the magnitudes of non-storm-water entries, and locate and correct the non-storm-water entries into the storm-drainage system. If these loadings are ignored (e.g., by only considering wet-weather storm-water runoff), only limited improvement in receiving-water conditions may occur with storm-water pollution-control programs.
C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294.
   VANDERBILT UNIV,NASHVILLE,TN 37240.
RP FIELD, R (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,STORM & COMBINED SEWER POLLUT CONTROL PROGRAM,EDISON,NJ 08837, USA.
NR 8
TC 10
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 15
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
SN 0733-9372
J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE
JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1994
VL 120
IS 5
BP 1044
EP 1066
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1994)120:5(1044)
PG 23
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PH582
UT WOS:A1994PH58200007
ER

PT J
AU STEVENS, DL
AF STEVENS, DL
TI IMPLEMENTATION OF A NATIONAL MONITORING PROGRAM
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE LONG-TERM MONITORING; STATUS AND TRENDS; SURVEY DESIGN; REPEATED SURVEYS
ID DESIGN; TRENDS
AB Timely information on the condition of the environment is essential if complex environmental issues are to be resolved. Currently, much of the information we have on large-scale environmental conditions is from unrelated local monitoring efforts that must be synthesized to address large-scale issues. The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) was initiated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to address the need for coherent ecological resource information on a regional and national scale. EMAP began with a design concept or framework that had the goal of providing an integrated family of monitoring designs that could be adapted to sampling any ecological resource. Since EMAP's inception, the design concept has been applied to pilot and demonstration monitoring programs for a variety of ecological resources. This paper discusses some of the rationale behind the conceptual design, describes some of the techniques for applying the general concept to a specific resource, and gives specific applications for several demonstration studies.
RP STEVENS, DL (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, MANTECH ENVIRONM RES SERV CORP, 200 SW 35TH ST, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA.
NR 39
TC 83
Z9 84
U1 0
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0301-4797
EI 1095-8630
J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE
JI J. Environ. Manage.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 42
IS 1
BP 1
EP 29
DI 10.1006/jema.1994.1057
PG 29
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PH188
UT WOS:A1994PH18800001
ER

PT J
AU BURKART, MR
   OBERLE, SL
   HEWITT, MJ
   PICKUS, J
AF BURKART, MR
   OBERLE, SL
   HEWITT, MJ
   PICKUS, J
TI A FRAMEWORK FOR REGIONAL AGROECOSYSTEMS CHARACTERIZATION USING THE
   NATIONAL RESOURCES INVENTORY
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER; HERBICIDES
AB An agroecological framework is used to examine the relations among natural resources and agriculture. Spatial representation of selected agroecosystems characteristics was accomplished using the National Resources Inventory (NRI). Natural resource and anthropogenic variables from the NRI were spatially aggregated to produce maps showing the regional variability in area-weighted values of agroecosystem components. Maps of natural vegetation, agricultural land use, crop diversity, artificial drainage, irrigation, net soil loss, and conservation practices show the extent to which resources have been modified to support agriculture in the Midwest. The frequency of land used for crops and pasture exceeds 70% in much of the region. Natural vegetation occupies less than 10% of the land in many areas. Subsurface and surface drainage, more than 35% of some areas, has contributed to loss of wetlands having a direct effect on water quality. Irrigation has diverted water from natural ecosystems and increased the potential for leaching of agrichemicals. Excess erosion may threaten long-term productivity in parts of the region even though conservation practices have been implemented. Examination of these and other elements in an agroecosystem framework may be useful in the search for systems to sustain agriculture and natural resources in the region. Such a framework can also be used to locate areas where mitigation of degraded resources is most needed; identify areas where research into causes of degradation can yield the most information; and where policies to improve off-site damage may be most effectively implemented.
C1 USDA,ES,AMES,IA 50011.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193.
   LOCKHEED ENVIRONM SYST & TECHNOL,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119.
RP BURKART, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,232 NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA.
NR 22
TC 19
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0047-2425
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1994
VL 23
IS 5
BP 866
EP 874
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PG295
UT WOS:A1994PG29500001
ER

PT J
AU OWENS, JH
   MILTNER, RJ
   SCHAEFER, FW
   RICE, EW
AF OWENS, JH
   MILTNER, RJ
   SCHAEFER, FW
   RICE, EW
TI PILOT-SCALE OZONE INACTIVATION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM
SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists
CY JUN 24-29, 1994
CL CLEVELAND STATE UNIV, CLEVELAND, OH
SP SOC OF PROTOZOOLOGIST
HO CLEVELAND STATE UNIV
ID CHLORINE DIOXIDE; PARVUM OOCYSTS; WATER; INFECTIVITY; VIABILITY
RP OWENS, JH (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA.
NR 12
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 2
PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 1066-5234
J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL
JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1994
VL 41
IS 5
BP S56
EP S57
PG 2
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA PP283
UT WOS:A1994PP28300053
PM 7804257
ER

PT J
AU MCCORMICK, FH
   HILL, BH
   PARRISH, LP
   WILLINGHAM, WT
AF MCCORMICK, FH
   HILL, BH
   PARRISH, LP
   WILLINGHAM, WT
TI MINING IMPACTS ON FISH ASSEMBLAGES IN THE EAGLE AND ARKANSAS RIVERS,
   COLORADO
SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; COMMUNITIES
AB Fish were collected at 18 sites in the Arkansas (N=6) and Eagle (N=12) rivers. Richness at all sites was low (1-3 species). Analyses of fish assemblage data from the Arkansas and Eagle rivers and their tributaries suggested significant differences among sites subject to mine impacts and control or recovering sites. Native taxa were collected at only one site in the Arkansas River drainage (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) and only at the Eagle River control sites (Paiute sculpins, Cottus beldingi).
C1 US EPA,DENVER,CO.
RP MCCORMICK, FH (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,3411 CHURCH ST,CINCINNATI,OH 45244, USA.
RI Hill, Brian/E-6799-2013
NR 7
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 5
PU OIKOS PUBL INC
PI LA CROSSE
PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601
SN 0270-5060
J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL
JI J. Freshw. Ecol.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 9
IS 3
BP 175
EP 179
DI 10.1080/02705060.1994.9664884
PG 5
WC Ecology; Limnology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA PN085
UT WOS:A1994PN08500002
ER

PT J
AU VIDIC, RD
   SUIDAN, MT
   SORIAL, GA
   BRENNER, RC
AF VIDIC, RD
   SUIDAN, MT
   SORIAL, GA
   BRENNER, RC
TI EFFECT OF MOLECULAR-OXYGEN ON ADSORPTIVE CAPACITY AND EXTRACTION
   EFFICIENCY OF GRANULATED ACTIVATED CARBON FOR 3 ORTHO-SUBSTITUTED
   PHENOLS
SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; BREAKTHROUGH CURVES; SINGLE SOLUTES; DESIGN;
   BEDS
AB Adsorptive capacity of activated carbon for several organic compounds was found to be strongly influenced by the presence of molecular oxygen. This influence is manifested by the polymerization of adsorbate on the surface of activated carbon. As a result, GAC exhibits much higher adsorptive capacities for these compounds under oxic rather than under anoxic conditions. Therefore, a new experimental procedure for conducting adsorption isotherm tests is investigated in this work. The results of kinetic experiments show that this polymerization of adsorbate proceeds at a very slow rate which extends the time required for equilibrium conditions to be established. Extraction efficiency obtained for GAC used in anoxic isotherm experiments were significantly higher than those obtained for GAC used in isotherm experiments conducted in the presence of molecular oxygen.
C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221.
   US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
OI Vidic, Radisav/0000-0001-7969-6845
NR 21
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3894
J9 J HAZARD MATER
JI J. Hazard. Mater.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 38
IS 3
BP 373
EP 388
DI 10.1016/0304-3894(93)E0129-P
PG 16
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PH590
UT WOS:A1994PH59000003
ER

PT J
AU WRENN, BA
   HAINES, JR
   VENOSA, AD
   KADKHODAYAN, M
   SUIDAN, MT
AF WRENN, BA
   HAINES, JR
   VENOSA, AD
   KADKHODAYAN, M
   SUIDAN, MT
TI EFFECTS OF NITROGEN-SOURCE ON CRUDE-OIL BIODEGRADATION
SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE CRUDE OIL; BIODEGRADATION; NITROGEN SOURCE; RESPIROMETRY
ID DEGRADATION; OXIDATION; LAKES; SOIL
AB The effects of NH4Cl and KNO3 on biodegradation of light Arabian crude oil by an oil-degrading enrichment culture were studied in respirometers. In poorly buffered sea salts medium, the pH decreased dramatically in cultures that contained NH4Cl, but not in those supplied with KNO3. The ammonia-associated pH decline was severe enough to completely stop oil biodegradation as measured by oxygen uptake. Regular adjustment of the culture pH allowed oil biodegradation to proceed normally. A small amount of nitrate accumulated in all cultures that contained ammonia, but nitrification accounted for less than 5% of the acid that was observed. The nitrification inhibitor, nitrapyrin, had no effect on the production of nitrate or acid in ammonia-containing cultures. When the culture pH was controlled, either by regular adjustment of the culture pH or by supplying adequate buffering capacity in the growth medium, the rate and extent of oil biodegradation were similar in NH4Cl- and KNO3-containing cultures. The lag time was shorter in pH-controlled cultures supplied with ammonia than in nitrate-containing cultures.
C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
   UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221.
NR 22
TC 34
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 2
PU STOCKTON PRESS
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS
SN 0169-4146
J9 J IND MICROBIOL
JI J. Indust. Microbiol.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 5
BP 279
EP 286
DI 10.1007/BF01569729
PG 8
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA PU037
UT WOS:A1994PU03700003
ER

PT J
AU ADAMS, JR
   SHEPPARD, CA
   SHAPIRO, M
   TOMPKINS, GJ
AF ADAMS, JR
   SHEPPARD, CA
   SHAPIRO, M
   TOMPKINS, GJ
TI LIGHT AND ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS ON THE HISTOPATHOLOGY OF
   THE MIDGUT OF GYPSY-MOTH LARVAE INFECTED WITH LDMNPV PLUS A FLUORESCENT
   BRIGHTENER
SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Note
DE LYMANTRIA DISPAR NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENER;
   HISTOPATHOLOGY; ELECTRON MICROSCOPE; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY
ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS; LEPIDOPTERA;
   BACULOVIRUSES; HOSTS
C1 NICHHD,CELLULAR & MOLEC NEUROPHYSIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
   US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM FATE & EFFECTS,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
RP ADAMS, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BARC-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 10
TC 28
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 5
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0022-2011
J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL
JI J. Invertebr. Pathol.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 64
IS 2
BP 156
EP 159
DI 10.1006/jipa.1994.1089
PG 4
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA PK180
UT WOS:A1994PK18000016
ER

PT J
AU OGG, C
   KUCH, P
AF OGG, C
   KUCH, P
TI NEW ROLES FOR LONG-TERM CROPLAND DIVERSION - COMMENTARY
SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Note
RP OGG, C (reprint author), US EPA,AGR POLICY BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC
PI ANKENY
PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764
SN 0022-4561
J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV
JI J. Soil Water Conserv.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1994
VL 49
IS 5
BP 438
EP 439
PG 2
WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA PJ997
UT WOS:A1994PJ99700009
ER

PT J
AU STEIN, SE
   SCOTT, DR
AF STEIN, SE
   SCOTT, DR
TI OPTIMIZATION AND TESTING OF MASS-SPECTRAL LIBRARY SEARCH ALGORITHMS FOR
   COMPOUND IDENTIFICATION
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article
ID COMPUTER IDENTIFICATION
AB Five algorithms proposed in the literature for library search identification of unknown compounds from their low resolution mass spectra were optimized and tested by matching test spectra against reference spectra in the NIST-EPA-NIH Mass Spectral Database.  The algorithms were probability-based matching (PBM), dot-product, Hertz et al. similarity index, Euclidean distance, and absolute value distance.  The test set consisted of 12,592 alternate spectra of about 8000 compounds represented in the database.  Most algorithms were optimized by varying their mass weighting and intensity scaling factors.  Rank in the list of candidate compounds was used as the criterion for accuracy.  The best performing algorithm (75% accuracy for rank 1) was the dot-product function that measures the cosine of the angle between spectra represented as vectors.  Other methods in order of performance were the Euclidean distance (72%), absolute value distance (68%), PBM (65%), and Hertz et al. (64%).  Intensity scaling and mass weighting were important in the optimized algorithms with the square root of the intensity scale nearly optimal and the square or cube the best mass weighting power.  Several more complex schemes also were tested, but had little effect on the results.  A modest improvement in the performance of the dot-product algorithm was made by adding a term that gave additional weight to relative peak intensities for spectra with many peaks in common.
C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP STEIN, SE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR MASS SPECT DATA,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 21
TC 288
Z9 295
U1 4
U2 37
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 1044-0305
J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR
JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 5
IS 9
BP 859
EP 866
DI 10.1016/1044-0305(94)87009-8
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy
SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA PK507
UT WOS:A1994PK50700009
PM 24222034
ER

PT J
AU DEMARINI, DM
   PERRY, E
   SHELTON, ML
AF DEMARINI, DM
   PERRY, E
   SHELTON, ML
TI DICHLOROACETIC ACID AND RELATED-COMPOUNDS - INDUCTION OF PROPHAGE IN
   ESCHERICHIA-COLI AND MUTAGENICITY AND MUTATION SPECTRA IN SALMONELLA
   TA100
SO MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
ID EXOCYCLIC DNA ADDUCTS; MALE B6C3F1 MOUSE; ALIPHATIC-HYDROCARBONS;
   ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STRAND BREAKS; LIVER INVIVO; ASSAY; TRICHLOROETHYLENE;
   CARCINOGENICITY; TYPHIMURIUM
AB We performed three types of studies to evaluate the genotoxicity of the chlorinated organic solvent perchloroethylene (PERC or tetrachloroethylene) and its volatile metabolites, trichloroacetyl chloride (TCAC) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA), as well as the volatile metabolites of trichloroethylene, i.e. dichloroacetyl chloride (DCAC), dichloroacetic acid (DCA), and 2,2,2-trichloroethanol (TCE). In the first set of studies, which involved the evaluation of these chemicals in the Microscreen prophage-induction assay, only DCA (+S9) was genotoxic, producing 6.6-7.2 plaque-forming units/mM. This places DCA among the weakest of the > 100 chemicals that have been identified previously as inducers of prophage in this assay. In the second set of studies, which involved the evaluation of these chemicals in the vapor state in Salmonella TA100 using a Tedlar(R) bag vaporization technique, DCA (+/-S9), DCAC (-S9), and TCAC (+/-S9) were mutagenic, producing 3-5x increases in revertants/plate relative to the background. S9 enhanced the mutagenic potency of DCA but had no effect on the mutagenic potency of TCAC. The potencies ranged from 0.7 to 3.9 rev/p.p.m., resulting in a potency ranking of DCA > DCAC approximate to TCAC. The lowest effective concentrations were 50-300 p.p.m., which are similar to those for ethylene oxide and epichlorohydrin in this assay. In the third set of studies, the mutation spectra of DCA, DCAC, and TCAC were determined at the base-substitution allele hisG46 of Salmonella TA100. DCA and DCAC induced primarily G . C --> A . T transitions, whereas TCAC induced primarily G . C --> T . A transversions, which was also the predominant mutation among the background revertants. The DCAC and DCA mutation spectra might be explained by a mutational mechanism in which the compounds are metabolized to etheno adducts on cytosine, causing the DNA polymerase to misincorporate. This report is the first demonstration of the mutagenicity of DCA and of the mutation spectrum of any of these chlorinated organics. In conjunction with previous studies, these results support consideration of a genotoxic mechanism for the carcinogenicity of PERC and trichloroethylene because of the mutagenicity of their metabolites, including DCA.
C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RP DEMARINI, DM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 59
TC 58
Z9 58
U1 0
U2 3
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM
PI OXFORD
PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP
SN 0267-8357
J9 MUTAGENESIS
JI Mutagenesis
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 9
IS 5
BP 429
EP 437
DI 10.1093/mutage/9.5.429
PG 9
WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA PJ862
UT WOS:A1994PJ86200007
PM 7837977
ER

PT J
AU TANDON, P
   BARONE, S
   MUNDY, WR
   TILSON, HA
AF TANDON, P
   BARONE, S
   MUNDY, WR
   TILSON, HA
TI COMPENSATORY CHANGES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS FOLLOWING INTRADENTATE INFUSION
   OF COLCHICINE
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th Meeting of the International-Neurotoxicology-Association
CY JUN 06-11, 1993
CL ELSINORE, DENMARK
SP INT NEUROTOXICOL ASSOC
DE COLCHICINE; PI HYDROLYSIS; HIPPOCAMPUS; COMPENSATION
ID PROTEIN KINASE-C; GYRUS GRANULE CELLS; DENTATE GYRUS; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS;
   ADULT-RAT; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HYDROLYSIS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS;
   LEARNING-DEFICITS; MAMMALIAN BRAIN; LESIONS
AB Direct infusion of colchicine into the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus kills granule cells and elicits behavioral, neurochemical and neuroanatomical changes. Colchicine-treated rats are less sensitive to the behavioral effects of cholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonists and more sensitive to cholinergic agonists. These behavioral changes are associated with time- and dose-dependent alterations in the cholinergic signal transduction mechanism. Carbachol-stimulated turnover of phosphoinositides is increased in the hippocampus of colchicine-treated rats; similar changes are not observed in the cortex or striatum of colchicine-treated animals. Intradentate colchicine produces a significant increase in choline- acetyltransferase activity and staining for acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus, suggesting reactive synaptogenesis of cholinergic fibers. Other studies have shown that the integrity of the septohippocampal pathway is necessary for these colchicine-induced compensatory changes to occur. It is suggested that the mechanism for these neurochemical changes in colchicine-treated animals may be occurring via alterations in negative feedback control of receptor-G-protein-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis. (C) 1994 Intox Press, Inc.
C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC.
   MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
NR 76
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU INTOX PRESS INC
PI LITTLE ROCK
PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD FAL
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 3
BP 513
EP 524
PG 12
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA PN148
UT WOS:A1994PN14800011
PM 7854585
ER

PT J
AU BOYES, WK
AF BOYES, WK
TI RAT AND HUMAN SENSORY EVOKED-POTENTIALS AND THE PREDICTABILITY OF HUMAN
   NEUROTOXICITY FROM RAT DATA
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th Meeting of the International-Neurotoxicology-Association
CY JUN 06-11, 1993
CL ELSINORE, DENMARK
SP INT NEUROTOXICOL ASSOC
DE RISK ASSESSMENT; CROSS-SPECIES EXTRAPOLATION; PATTERN VISION; CONTRAST
   SENSITIVITY; ORGANIC SOLVENTS
ID VISUAL-SYSTEM
AB The development of comprehensive quantitative models as alternatives to risk assessment based on uncertainty factors will require many steps, among them consideration of the relationships between the health endpoints which are measured in laboratory animals and humans. Sensory evoked potentials are measures of sensory function which can be recorded from many species, including humans, and as such provide an opportunity for examining the extrapolation of neurotoxicity data from laboratory animals to humans. Our research strategy for investigating how well laboratory rat data predict human neurotoxic risk involves comparing parametric stimulus manipulations and drug treatments in both species. Finally, we are comparing results in humans with neurodegenerative conditions, including those induced by neurotoxicant exposure, with animal models, fo date, we have focused on pattern-elicited visual evoked potentials (VEPs) recorded from pigmented rats and humans. Parametric manipulations of spatial frequency, temporal frequency and stimulus contrast revealed parallel functions, displaced for differences in absolute sensitivity. Additionally, diazepam produced similar effects in rats and human volunteers. A quantitative cross-species map was developed to illustrate the prediction of human effects from rat data. Exposure to carbon disulfide produced changes in rat VEP-derived contrast sensitivity functions, which resembled psychophysically-measured loss of visual contrast sensitivity in human workers exposed to organic solvents. The results of these continuing efforts should help indicate how well animal electrophysiological measures predict human neurotoxicity. (C) 1994 Intox Press, Inc.
RP BOYES, WK (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,NEUROPHYSIOL TOXICOL BRANCH,MD74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 23
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 1
PU INTOX PRESS INC
PI LITTLE ROCK
PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD FAL
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 3
BP 569
EP 578
PG 10
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA PN148
UT WOS:A1994PN14800016
PM 7854590
ER

PT J
AU GORDON, CJ
AF GORDON, CJ
TI THERMOREGULATION IN LABORATORY MAMMALS AND HUMANS EXPOSED TO
   ANTICHOLINESTERASE AGENTS
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE ORGANOPHOSPHATE; CARBAMATE; OXOTREMORINE; ACETYLCHOLINE; NICOTINIC;
   MUSCARINIC; SARIN; SOMAN; DFP; HYPOTHERMIA; HYPERTHERMIA; GENETIC
   VARIABILITY; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
ID DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES; ORGANO-PHOSPHATE INSECTICIDE;
   BODY-TEMPERATURE; DIISOPROPYL FLUOROPHOSPHATE; INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA;
   MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE;
   BRAIN-AREAS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY
AB The regulation of body temperature is one of many homeostatic functions affected by exposure to anticholinesterase (antiChE) pesticides, and related compounds. In the study of antiChE neurotoxicity, thermoregulatory variables are often used as sensitive physiological indices. Hence, a review on the thermoregulatory aspects of antiChE agents would be useful to researchers in a variety of fields. A reduction in body temperature is a commonly used indicator of antiChE poisoning in laboratory rodents. On the other hand, humans and some other species often show an elevation in body temperature when exposed to antiChE agents. Hyperthermia has also been noted in animals treated with either low levels of antiChEs or during recovery from high doses of antiChEs. In this review, the literature dealing with the central and peripheral effects of cholinergic agonists and antagonists is reassessed because the thermoregulatory effects of antiChEs are thought to be linked to the activation of cholinergic pathways. This is followed by a thorough review of the studies reporting thermoregulatory responses in laboratory rodents and humans exposed to low and high doses of a variety of antiChE agents, including the organophosphate- (OP) and carbamate- (CB) based pesticides and related drugs. Attention is given to the possible mechanism of action of OPs on thermoregulation in the laboratory rodent including the involvement of behavioral and autonomic processes. The incidence of antiChE-induced hyperthermia (fever) in humans exposed to antiChEs is also addressed. Other topics of antiChE-induced thermoregulatory dysfunction discussed in this review include the role of exercise, heat, and cold stress, tolerance to antiChE agents, and genetic variability. Overall, the mechanism of antiChe-induced changes in body temperature cannot always be explained solely by the immediate consequences of ChE inhibition.
RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 180
TC 69
Z9 71
U1 0
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0892-0362
J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL
JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1994
VL 16
IS 5
BP 427
EP 453
DI 10.1016/0892-0362(94)90122-8
PG 27
WC Neurosciences; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology
GA PG379
UT WOS:A1994PG37900001
PM 7845326
ER

PT J
AU ANGER, WK
   LETZ, R
   CHRISLIP, DW
   FRUMKIN, H
   HUDNELL, K
   RUSSO, JM
   CHAPPELL, W
   HUTCHINSON, L
AF ANGER, WK
   LETZ, R
   CHRISLIP, DW
   FRUMKIN, H
   HUDNELL, K
   RUSSO, JM
   CHAPPELL, W
   HUTCHINSON, L
TI NEUROBEHAVIORAL TEST METHODS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH STUDIES OF ADULTS
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE NEUROTOXIC DISORDERS; BEHAVIORAL TESTS; ATSDR
ID TEST BATTERIES; SENSITIVITY; EXPOSURE; VISION; PERFORMANCE; THRESHOLDS;
   MONKEYS
AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry convened a workshop in Atlanta, GA, that evaluated approaches and methods to ascertain whether there are neurobehavioral sequelae to children and adults exposed to hazardous substances in the environment. This article, developed from that Workshop, recommends testing methods [to identify neurotoxic insult] for immediate use in environmental health field studies of adults. A list of broad functional domains or modalities affected by chemicals was identified from the occupational and related literature (learning and memory, coding, sustained attention, higher intellectual function, strength, coordination, speed, vision, somatosensory, and affect). A core set of tests was selected that should assess those functions with the greatest demonstrated sensitivity to established neurotoxic chemicals, and a secondary set was selected to assess a broader group of functions. The core tests should be used in all investigations where neurotoxic effects would be targeted for identification; secondary tests would be used where suggested by questionnaire or symptom data or by knowledge of the effects of chemicals at the hazardous waste site.
C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30329.
   US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   UNIV COLORADO,DENVER,CO 80217.
   AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP ANGER, WK (reprint author), OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,CROET L606,3181 SW SAN JACKSON PK RD,PORTLAND,OR 97201, USA.
OI Frumkin, Howard/0000-0001-7079-3534
NR 52
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0892-0362
J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL
JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1994
VL 16
IS 5
BP 489
EP 497
DI 10.1016/0892-0362(94)90128-7
PG 9
WC Neurosciences; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology
GA PG379
UT WOS:A1994PG37900007
PM 7845332
ER

PT J
AU KRASNEGOR, NA
   OTTO, DA
   BERNSTEIN, JH
   BURKE, R
   CHAPPELL, W
   ECKERMAN, DA
   NEEDLEMAN, HL
   OAKLEY, G
   ROGAN, W
   TERRACCIANO, G
   HUTCHINSON, L
AF KRASNEGOR, NA
   OTTO, DA
   BERNSTEIN, JH
   BURKE, R
   CHAPPELL, W
   ECKERMAN, DA
   NEEDLEMAN, HL
   OAKLEY, G
   ROGAN, W
   TERRACCIANO, G
   HUTCHINSON, L
TI NEUROBEHAVIORAL TEST STRATEGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES IN PEDIATRIC
   POPULATIONS
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE PEDIATRIC RESEARCH; BEHAVIORAL TESTING; ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY;
   NEUROTERATOLOGY; ATSDR
ID LEAD-EXPOSURE; PERFORMANCE; CHILDREN; SYSTEM
AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry convened a workshop in Atlanta, GA, that evaluated approaches and methods to ascertain whether there are neurobehavioral sequelae to children and adults exposed to hazardous substances in the environment. This article, developed from that workshop, addresses the feasibility of employing extant neurobehavioral tests to screen pediatric populations. A matrix lists basic functions to be assessed during eight developmental periods ranging from birth to high school. The best of these neurobehavioral tests for pediatric populations and the types of assessment tools that are still needed are discussed. We make 10 specific recommendations to establish a hazardous substances neurobehavioral screen for pediatric populations, including appointing a review panel, developing a structured questionnaire, convening a conference on design and analysis, addressing minority and socially disadvantaged populations, coordinating adult and child assessment methods, information sharing among Federal agencies, baseline data, methodology research, research associated with hazardous worksites, and establishment of a pediatric databank.
C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27599.
   CHILDRENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02115.
   US COAST GUARD ACAD,NEW LONDON,CT 06320.
   UNIV COLORADO,DENVER,CO 80217.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
   UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213.
   NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
   NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP KRASNEGOR, NA (reprint author), NICHHD,9000 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA.
RI Rogan, Walter/I-6034-2012
OI Rogan, Walter/0000-0002-9302-0160
NR 40
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0892-0362
J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL
JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1994
VL 16
IS 5
BP 499
EP 509
DI 10.1016/0892-0362(94)90129-5
PG 11
WC Neurosciences; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology
GA PG379
UT WOS:A1994PG37900008
PM 7845333
ER

PT J
AU MEKENYAN, OG
   IVANOV, JM
   VEITH, GD
   BRADBURY, SP
AF MEKENYAN, OG
   IVANOV, JM
   VEITH, GD
   BRADBURY, SP
TI DYNAMIC QSAR - A NEW SEARCH FOR ACTIVE CONFORMATIONS AND SIGNIFICANT
   STEREOELECTRONIC INDEXES
SO QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS
LA English
DT Article
DE DYNAMIC QSAR; CONFORMER SCREENING; GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; TOXICITY
ID MODEL; SOLVATION
AB A new approach called ''dynamic'' QSAR is introduced to enhance the exploration of active chemicals and relevant molecular descriptors. In contrast to conventional QSAR methods where chemical structure is described by a single, low energy conformer, ''dynamic'' QSAR simulates the multiplicity of 3-D molecular shapes that a molecule can assume in complex reaction environments. The core of the new methodology is the coupling of the 3DGEN algorithm which exhaustively generates conformers and a rule-based system to rapidly screen conformers for desired properties. Hypotheses regarding receptor shape and interaction mechanisms are conveniently incorporated into the screening algorithm. A full array of stereoelectronic parameters available to OASIS can be combined with conventional topological and physicochemical indices for all conformations and explored using a variety of mathematical and visualization techniques. The ''dynamic'' QSAR method is illustrated by modeling the acute toxicity of a series of unsaturated alcohols in fish.
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804.
RP MEKENYAN, OG (reprint author), HIGHER INST CHEM TECHNOL,BU-8010 BURGAS,BULGARIA.
NR 14
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 2
PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC
PI DEERFIELD BEACH
PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788
SN 0931-8771
J9 QUANT STRUCT-ACT REL
JI Quant. Struct.-Act. Relat.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 3
BP 302
EP 307
DI 10.1002/qsar.19940130308
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA PT549
UT WOS:A1994PT54900007
ER

PT J
AU ANDREWS, JE
   EBRONMCCOY, M
   LOGSDON, TR
   RICHARDS, J
   ROGERS, JM
AF ANDREWS, JE
   EBRONMCCOY, M
   LOGSDON, TR
   RICHARDS, J
   ROGERS, JM
TI GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-TRANSFERASE (GGT) ACTIVITY AND
   BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION OF RAT VISCERAL YOLK-SAC DURING GESTATION
   WITH OR WITHOUT TRYPAN BLUE EXPOSURE
SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE RAT; GGT; GESTATION; VISCERAL YOLK-SAC; TRYPAN BLUE; BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE
ID INVIVO; INVITRO; EMBRYO; GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; INHIBITION; PINOCYTOSIS
AB Yolk-sacs from untreated Sprague-Dawley rat conceptuses were removed on gestational days (GD) 9 to 18 and examined for gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activities. All enzyme activities were found to increase through gestation in total activity as well as in specific activity. Protein (PRO) and urea nitrogen (UN) were also found to increase through gestation whereas triglyceride (TRI) increased steadily from GD 9 to 13 and then appeared to plateau through GD 19. Additional rats were treated on GD 8 with 75 mg trypan blue (TB)/kg body weight and yolk-sacs taken on GD 9 to 18. Yolk-sac GGT and GOT activities from TB-treated rats were significantly higher than the respective control during early gestation but recovered to or were lower than control levels during midgestation. GGT activity in treated rats was significantly higher than the controls on GD 15 and 16, and both GGT and GOT were significantly lower than controls on GD 17 and 18. AP activity in the TB-treated yolk-sacs was significantly lower than that in controls during early and midgestation but was not significantly different from the control values late in gestation, Triglyceride concentration was not affected early in gestation but significantly decreased on GD 16 and 18. Thus, the yolk-sac enzymes monitored, which are associated with nutrition and normal growth, increased in activity through GD 18. The yolk-sac toxicant, trypan blue, significantly affected enzymatic activity at various time periods during gestation and resulted in significant changes in yolk-sac protein and triglyceride content.
C1 METI,DEV TOXICOL GRP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
RP ANDREWS, JE (reprint author), US EPA,DIV DEV TOXICOL,MD-67,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 22
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0890-6238
J9 REPROD TOXICOL
JI Reprod. Toxicol.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1994
VL 8
IS 5
BP 405
EP 410
DI 10.1016/0890-6238(94)90080-9
PG 6
WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology
SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology
GA PK704
UT WOS:A1994PK70400004
PM 7841659
ER

PT J
AU FILAR, JA
   NICKERSON, DJ
   ROSS, NP
AF FILAR, JA
   NICKERSON, DJ
   ROSS, NP
TI INSPECTION OPTIMIZATION MODEL
SO SOCIO-ECONOMIC PLANNING SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
AB In this paper we describe a quantitative, linear programming (LP) based, resource allocation model designed for a state air pollution control inspections program.  The model is called the ''Inspection Optimization Model'' (IOM) and was the result of a joint project between the Stationary Source Compliance Division and Statistical Policy Branch of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).  After several test runs and demonstrations that used real data, EPA decision makers agreed that the model would be mutually beneficial to both the EPA and state agency decision makers.  Consequently, the model was accepted by EPA for pilot implementation in a test state.  The model's primary role at the state level was seen as a planning tool for distributing resources.  It was envisioned that both the state and EPA would use the model, secondarily, as an oversight evaluation mechanism to compare actual performance and predicted inspection effectiveness.
C1 US EPA,DIV OCEANS & COASTAL PROTECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
   US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM STAT & INFORMAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
RP FILAR, JA (reprint author), UNIV S AUSTRALIA,SCH MATH,ADELAIDE,SA 5095,AUSTRALIA.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0038-0121
J9 SOCIO ECON PLAN SCI
JI Socio-Econ. Plan. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 3
BP 137
EP 146
DI 10.1016/0038-0121(94)90001-9
PG 10
WC Economics; Management; Operations Research & Management Science
SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science
GA PM799
UT WOS:A1994PM79900001
ER

PT J
AU EVANS, MV
   CRANK, WD
   YANG, HM
   SIMMONS, JE
AF EVANS, MV
   CRANK, WD
   YANG, HM
   SIMMONS, JE
TI APPLICATIONS OF SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS TO A PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED
   PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL FOR CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE IN RATS
SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; METABOLISM; CONSTANTS; BLOOD
AB Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models developed from gas uptake experiments have been used to estimate metabolic parameters for volatile organic compounds. Due to the potential application of PBPK models to estimate metabolic bioactivation constants in humans, it is important to understand the complex nature of these models and the resulting estimates. Adult male F344 rats (165-205 g) were individually exposed to carbon tetrachloride (CC1(4)) in gas uptake systems. Three rats at each concentration were exposed for 6 hr to initial concentrations of 25, 100, 250, and 1000 ppm CCl4. Partition coefficient determinations were performed by the vial equilibration technique and used as model inputs. Computer optimizations with the means of each initial chamber concentration at each time point resulted in an estimate of V-max of 0.11 mg/hr (V-maxc = 0.37 mg/hr/kg) and K-m of 1.3 mg/liter. To determine the effect of individual animal variation in V-max optimizations were also performed with the mean +/- SD, resulting in V-max estimates of 0.09 and 0.12 mg/hr, respectively. Similar analysis resulted in K-m estimates of 0.98 and 1.58 mg/liter. The results of the sensitivity analysis were concentration dependent for CCl4. These results show V-max and K-m to be most accurately detected at lower initial chamber concentrations. Results of the sensitivity analysis at the lowest concentration established the following model input hierarchy: blood to air partition > fat partition and fat volume fraction > slowly perfused partition, ventilation rate, cardiac output, fat blood flow percentage > liver blood flow percentage and slowly perfused blood flow percentage. Further sensitivity analysis determined V-max and K-m to be highly correlated when using gas uptake technology and point to the need to an independent estimate for either constant. In summary, the application of sensitivity analysis to PBPK modeling resulted in an increased understanding of factors governing the estimation of metabolic parameters. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
RP EVANS, MV (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,ETD,PKB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 22
TC 49
Z9 50
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0041-008X
J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM
JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 128
IS 1
BP 36
EP 44
DI 10.1006/taap.1994.1177
PG 9
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA PF251
UT WOS:A1994PF25100005
PM 8079352
ER

PT J
AU ABBOTT, BD
   PERDEW, GH
   BUCKALEW, AR
   BIRNBAUM, LS
AF ABBOTT, BD
   PERDEW, GH
   BUCKALEW, AR
   BIRNBAUM, LS
TI INTERACTIVE REGULATION OF AH AND GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS IN THE
   SYNERGISTIC INDUCTION OF CLEFT-PALATE BY
   2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN AND HYDROCORTISONE
SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATOR PROTEIN; ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; HEAT-SHOCK
   PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA; DIOXIN RECEPTOR; DOWN-REGULATION; SECONDARY
   PALATE; GENE-EXPRESSION; HEPATOMA-CELLS; HALF-LIFE
AB 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a widespread environmental contaminant that produces adverse biological effects including carcinogenesis, reproductive toxicity, immune dysfunction, hyperkeratosis, hepatotoxicity, thymic involution, and teratogenesis. In the mouse embryo, TCDD induces cleft palate and hydronephrosis. Glucocorticoids are endogenous steroid compounds that have an important role in development, but are teratogenic at pharmacological doses. The synthetic glucocorticoid, hydrocortisone (HC), induces cleft palate and a potent, synergistic interaction has been observed between TCDD and HC. Both TCDD and HC act through receptor-mediated mechanisms and each compound has its own receptor, the Ah receptor (AhR) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), respectively. The morphology and etiology of TCDD and HC-induced clefts are distinctly different, as HC clefting is due to formation of small palatal shelves, while TCDD-treated shelves fail to fuse due to effects on epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. The present study examines the expression of AhR and GR in the embryonic palate following exposure to TCDD, HC, and HC + TCDD. C57BL/6N pregnant mice were treated with HC (25 or 100 mg/kg/day GD10-13, sc), TCDD (3 mu g/kg/day GD10-13, or 24 mu g/kg GD10, orally), or HC + TCDD (25 mg/kg/day sc and 3 mu g/kg/day orally, GD10-13). Craniofacial tissues were collected from the embryos on GD14 and examined for AhR and GR expression using in situ hybridization, Northern blots, and immunohistochemistry. We found that in the embryonic palate exposed to TCDD, the AhR was downregulated and the GR expression increased. Conversely, following HC exposure, the GR was downregulated and AhR levels were elevated. HC + TCDD produced increased expression of both receptors. Effects on AhR appeared to be regulated at the transcriptional level, as both protein and mRNA were altered in similar directions. The observed cross-regulation of the receptors is believed to be important in the synergistic interaction between TCDD and HC for the induction of cleft palate. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   PURDUE UNIV,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907.
   MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RP ABBOTT, BD (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 76
TC 69
Z9 71
U1 0
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0041-008X
J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM
JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 128
IS 1
BP 138
EP 150
DI 10.1006/taap.1994.1191
PG 13
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA PF251
UT WOS:A1994PF25100019
PM 8079347
ER

PT J
AU BENIGNUS, VA
   ANNAU, Z
AF BENIGNUS, VA
   ANNAU, Z
TI CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN FORMATION DUE TO CARBON-MONOXIDE EXPOSURE IN RATS
SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMANS; INHALATION; CO
AB The Coburn-Forster-Kane equation (CFKE) is a well-tested model for prediction of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) formation due to carbon monoxide (CO) exposure in humans. There have been few and relatively poorly tested attempts to implement a CFKE for rats. Such an implementation is of interest because many experiments on the effects of CO in rats were done without measuring COHb. To extrapolate from rats to humans re quires a rat version of the CFKE. Rats were exposed to 150, 250, 500, acid 1000 ppm CO for up to 240 min. Blood gases and COHb were measured. A CFKE was implemented for rats by using parameters found in the literature and estimating them from the data. It was deduced from the blood-gas data that rats hyperventilate slightly as COHb increases. The blood-gas data were used to estimate ventilation and alveolar capillary oxygen partial pressure. The hyperventilation required an iterative solution to the CFKE. The iterative CFKE predictions were found to differ statistically from observations, but in explainable ways and/or in small amounts. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PSYCHOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
   US DEPT STATE,BUR OCEANS & INT ENVIRONM & SCI AFFAIRS,OFF SCI TECHNOL & HLTH,WASHINGTON,DC 20520.
RP BENIGNUS, VA (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,MAIL DROP 58,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 34
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0041-008X
J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM
JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 128
IS 1
BP 151
EP 157
DI 10.1006/taap.1994.1192
PG 7
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA PF251
UT WOS:A1994PF25100020
PM 8079348
ER

PT J
AU ANDERSEN, ME
   CLEWELL, HJ
   MAHLE, DA
   GEARHART, JM
AF ANDERSEN, ME
   CLEWELL, HJ
   MAHLE, DA
   GEARHART, JM
TI GAS UPTAKE STUDIES OF DEUTERIUM-ISOTOPE EFFECTS ON DICHLOROMETHANE
   METABOLISM IN FEMALE B6C3F1 MICE IN-VIVO
SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Note
ID PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE; KINETIC CONSTANTS;
   INVIVO; RAT; CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN; CHLOROFORM; ENZYMES; ETHANOL; BLOOD
AB In common with a diverse group of low-molecular-weight volatile substrates, dichloromethane (DCM; methylene chloride) is a high-affinity, low-capacity substrate for oxidation by several cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in vivo. DCM oxidation, catalyzed primarily by the 2E1 and 2B1 cytochrome P450 isoforms, yields carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide. We have studied the characteristics of DCM oxidation in vivo by examining the metabolism of DCM and of both deuterated forms ([H-2(2)]DCM and [H-2]DCM) in female B6C3F1 mice with gas uptake methods. Gas uptake and CO production curves were analyzed by physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling techniques, permitting differentiation of isotope effects on specific metabolic parameters from those associated with blood flow or diffusion limitations in vivo. A marked isotope effect was observed on the moles of CO produced per mole of DCM oxidized (0.76 +/- 0.06, 0.33 +/- 0.006, and 0.31 +/- 0.07, with DCM, [H-2]DCM, and [H-2(2)]DCM, respectively). Based on these ratios, the calculated k(H)/k(D) ratio for the rate constant of disproportionation of the putative formyl chloride intermediate was about 7, indicating a significant role of C-H bond breaking in this reaction. Deuterium substitution altered the apparent K-m for metabolism; there was 14-fold increase in the apparent K-m between DCM and [H-2(2)]DCM (6.5 +/- 0.69 to 97 +/- 3.5 mu M) with little effect on K-m with [H-2]DCM (14.4 +/- 0.015 mu M). V-max was not greatly affected by deuteration (151 +/- 1.2, 116 +/- 0.82, and 149 +/- 2.3 mu mol/hr/kg with DCM, [H-2]DCM, and [H-2(2)]DCM, respectively). Two kinetic mechanisms are discussed, both of which are consistent with these observations. One, a conventional cytochrome P450 mechanism has a rate-limiting product-release step after the isotopically sensitive step; a second, more like a peroxidase mechanism, has a flux-limiting oxygen activation step followed by a second-order reaction between an activated oxygen-enzyme complex and DCM. Regardless of the correct mechanism, the in vivo kinetic constants for oxidation of DCM are complex and represent more than simple rate-limiting bond-breaking (V-max) and enzyme-substrate binding (K-m). Current PBPK models for metabolism of these volatiles may have to be restructured to account for this unusual kinetic mechanism. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 ICF KE,DIV KS GRP,RUSTON,LA 71270.
   MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,DAYTON,OH 45437.
RP ANDERSEN, ME (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,ETD,PKB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811
NR 32
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0041-008X
J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM
JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 128
IS 1
BP 158
EP 165
DI 10.1006/taap.1994.1193
PG 8
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA PF251
UT WOS:A1994PF25100021
PM 8079349
ER

PT J
AU JONES, TL
   BETOWSKI, LD
   LOPEZAVILA, V
AF JONES, TL
   BETOWSKI, LD
   LOPEZAVILA, V
TI VALIDATION OF LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY METHODS -
   INTERLABORATORY STUDIES
SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID CHLORINATED PHENOXY ACID; THERMOSPRAY; PESTICIDES; HERBICIDES;
   INTERFACE; WATER
AB Developments over the last 15 years have led to widespread acceptance and commercialization of two liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) interfaces:  thermospray (TSP) and particle beam (PB).  Very few LC-MS methods have been developed and formally adopted, however, by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).  This article addresses the difficulties encountered with current LC-MS instrumentation in validating the methods and discusses some of the results of three interlaboratory EPA studies, including a thermospray-LC-MS (TSP-LC-MS) study for chlorinated herbicides, a TSP-LC-MS study for carbamate pesticides, and a particle beam-LC-MS (PB-LC-MS) study for benzidines.  Differences in features among the various LC-MS interfaces made it impractical to impose strict guidelines to the participants in conducting these analyses.  Consequently, difficulties were encountered in analyzing the data; nonetheless, interesting and useful data, as outlined in this article, were obtained.
C1 CALIF OPERAT,MIDWEST RES INST,MT VIEW,CA.
RP JONES, TL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 94378,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA.
NR 17
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-9936
J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM
JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 8
BP 333
EP 338
DI 10.1016/0165-9936(94)87006-3
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA PF461
UT WOS:A1994PF46100006
ER

PT J
AU SORIAL, GA
   PAPADIMAS, SP
   SUIDAN, MT
   SPETH, TF
AF SORIAL, GA
   PAPADIMAS, SP
   SUIDAN, MT
   SPETH, TF
TI COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION OF VOCS AND BOM - OXIC AND ANOXIC ENVIRONMENTS
SO WATER RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; BACKGROUND ORGANIC
   MATTER; OXYGEN
ID ACTIVATED CARBON; SYNTHETIC ORGANICS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; CAPACITY; GAC;
   ISOTHERMS
AB The effect of the presence of molecular oxygen on the adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in distilled Milli-Q water and in water supplemented with background organic matter (BOM) is evaluated. Experiments are conducted under conditions where molecular oxygen is present in the test environment (oxic adsorption), and where oxygen is absent from the test environment (anoxic adsorption). Adsorption isotherms for tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) in Milli-Q water showed no impact of the presence of oxygen on their adsorption behavior, while adsorption isotherms for cis-1,2-dichloroethene (DCE) showed higher capacities under oxic conditions. VOC adsorption isotherms in BOM are conducted for three initial concentration sets of VOCs and two initial concentration sets of BOM. VOC isotherms collected under oxic and anoxic conditions in water supplemented with BOM showed that by keeping the initial concentration ratio of VOCs to BOM constant, the adsorption behavior of the VOC is very similar. VOC isotherms in BOM conducted under oxic conditions generally showed lower capacities than the anoxic isotherms. The ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) successfully predicted the VOCs anoxic adsorption isotherms in BOM. However, the IAST model did not predict the VOCs oxic adsorption isotherms in BOM. Analysis of the data was conducted using the isotherm parameters of the VOCs in Milli-Q water, and correlation parameters using a four fictive component approach for the BOM. The poor agreement between experimental data and model predictions obtained for the oxic isotherms is attributed to the presence of molecular oxygen which promotes conglomeration of BOM on the surface of carbon.
C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221.
   US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
NR 21
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0043-1354
J9 WATER RES
JI Water Res.
PD SEP
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 9
BP 1907
EP 1919
DI 10.1016/0043-1354(94)90166-X
PG 13
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA NW950
UT WOS:A1994NW95000007
ER

PT J
AU FIELD, R
   PITT, R
   JAGER, D
   BROWN, M
AF FIELD, R
   PITT, R
   JAGER, D
   BROWN, M
TI COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW CONTROL THROUGH IN-RECEIVING WATER STORAGE - AN
   EFFICIENCY EVALUATION
SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE MODELING STATISTICS; SIMULATION; STORMWATER MANAGEMENT; COMBINED SEWER
   OVERFLOW; WASTE SEWAGE TREATMENT; COMBINED SEWER SYSTEM; STORAGE
AB A demonstration and efficiency evaluation project was conducted for the flow balancing method (FBM) facility, a combined sewer overflow (CSO) storage facility at Fresh Creek in Brooklyn, New York City.  The FBM is a curtained tank located directly in the receiving water that captures CSO.  The CSO floats on top of and displaces Fresh Creek saltwater before it is pumped back to the publicly owned treatment works (POTW).  The facility was a pilot scale subject to the full CSOs.  The purpose of the project was to show how the FBM can withstand severe weather and tidal conditions and to develop a procedure for estimating CSO control efficiency (percentage of CSO pumped back to the POTW).  The procedure proved successful and incorporated specific conductivity as a tracer in mass balance equations.  These equations provided estimates of the net percent capture-pumpback of the CSO using the FBM, including the amount of Fresh Creek water that was included in the pumpback to the POTW.  The efficiency was directly related to the volume of the CSO and the pumpback rate and ranged from a low of 3.3 percent for the largest event to a high of 76.9 percent for the smallest event.  Recent FBM enlargement should result in substantial increases in CSO control.  The FBM facility has operated successfully for over five years, withstanding ice storms, near hurricane force winds and up to 7 ft tidal range.
C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294.
RP FIELD, R (reprint author), US EPA,STORM & COMBINED SEWER POLLUT CONTROL RES PROGRAM,2890 WOODBRIDGE AVE,EDISON,NJ 08837, USA.
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC
PI HERNDON
PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531
SN 0043-1370
J9 WATER RESOUR BULL
JI Water Resour. Bull.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1994
VL 30
IS 5
BP 921
EP 928
PG 8
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA PP609
UT WOS:A1994PP60900015
ER

PT J
AU WILLIAMSON, TC
   ANASTAS, PT
AF WILLIAMSON, TC
   ANASTAS, PT
TI INCORPORATING ALTERNATIVE SYNTHETIC PATHWAY DESIGN INTO THE SYNTHETIC
   CHEMISTRY CURRICULUM - EPA PERSPECTIVES
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX 7406,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
RI Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013
OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 1
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101508
ER

PT J
AU EHRLICH, AM
AF EHRLICH, AM
TI FROM CHEMIST TO PATENT LAWYER, OR HOW I DECIDED WHAT I WANTED TO BE WHEN
   I REALLY GREW UP
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF GEN COUNSEL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 8
EP CHAL
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101010
ER

PT J
AU BREEN, JJ
   BUTLER, HB
   BOWLES, S
AF BREEN, JJ
   BUTLER, HB
   BOWLES, S
TI EPAS NATIONAL SERVICE PROJECTS - A NEW APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL
   IMPROVEMENT IN THE NEXT DECADE
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 9
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101516
ER

PT J
AU MARKS, C
   BREEN, JJ
   PALMER, C
   PRICE, E
   ANDERSON, D
AF MARKS, C
   BREEN, JJ
   PALMER, C
   PRICE, E
   ANDERSON, D
TI CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON KIDS AND CHEMISTRY PROGRAM - CHEMISTS AND
   THEIR LOCAL SECTION IN-SERVICE TO THE COMMUNITY THROUGH CHEMICAL
   EDUCATION
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 SAIC INC,TYSONS CORNER,VA.
   US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092.
   US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
   NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 10
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101517
ER

PT J
AU LEE, CC
   HUFFMAN, GL
AF LEE, CC
   HUFFMAN, GL
TI COMPARISON OF REGULATED CHEMICALS WITH EMITTED PICS FROM INCINERATION
   SYSTEMS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 12
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101519
ER

PT J
AU TOBIN, P
AF TOBIN, P
TI DEVELOPMENT OF ACUTE EXPOSURE GUIDELINE LEVELS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 14
EP CHAS
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100927
ER

PT J
AU LIPNICK, RL
AF LIPNICK, RL
TI APPLICATION OF QSAR TO PREDICTIVE TOXICOLOGY OF INDUSTRIAL
   ORGANIC-CHEMICALS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX 7403,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 16
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100184
ER

PT J
AU BRADBURY, SP
   VEITH, GD
AF BRADBURY, SP
   VEITH, GD
TI THE EVOLUTION OF QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP APPROACHES
   IN PREDICTIVE AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 17
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100185
ER

PT J
AU SHEVCHENKO, SM
   AKIM, LG
   SALFETNIKOVA, YN
   TANAHASHI, M
   HIGUCHI, T
AF SHEVCHENKO, SM
   AKIM, LG
   SALFETNIKOVA, YN
   TANAHASHI, M
   HIGUCHI, T
TI COMPARATIVE-STUDY ON MILD DEPOLYMERIZATION OF LIGNIN MODEL
   DEHYDROPOLYMERS AND LIGNIN
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605.
   NIHON UNIV,TOKYO 154,JAPAN.
   EFPG,F-38402 ST MARTIN DHERES,FRANCE.
   ACAD FORESTRY ST PETERSBURG,ST PETERSBURG 194018,RUSSIA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 20
EP CELL
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100618
ER

PT J
AU SHEVCHENKO, SM
   BAILEY, GW
AF SHEVCHENKO, SM
   BAILEY, GW
TI COMPARATIVE SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES AND
   LIGNINS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 21
EP CELL
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100619
ER

PT J
AU MILEWSKI, EA
AF MILEWSKI, EA
TI THE EPA PERSPECTIVE ON BIOTECHNOLOGY - PLANT-PESTICIDES
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF PREVET PESTICIDES & TOX SUBST,SCI & POLICY STAFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 24
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100192
ER

PT J
AU MACIOROWSKI, AF
   URBAN, DJ
   SUNZENAUER, IM
AF MACIOROWSKI, AF
   URBAN, DJ
   SUNZENAUER, IM
TI ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF PESTICIDES IN REGULATORY DECISION-MAKING
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 30
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100198
ER

PT J
AU BEHL, E
AF BEHL, E
TI GROUND-WATER PROTECTION IN OPPS NEW RISK ASSESSMENT PARADIGM
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 31
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100199
ER

PT J
AU JONES, RD
AF JONES, RD
TI TIER-1 AND TIER-2 SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT AND SELECTION FOR RUNOFF MODELING
   IN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 33
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100201
ER

PT J
AU PARKER, RD
   HAVENS, PL
   ROLSTON, RL
   DOWELANCO, SAC
AF PARKER, RD
   HAVENS, PL
   ROLSTON, RL
   DOWELANCO, SAC
TI MARKET-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL FATE MODELING USING MUSCRAT
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 34
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100202
ER

PT J
AU MONK, K
   HOLMES, JW
   JONES, RD
   PARKER, R
   MACIOROWSKI, A
AF MONK, K
   HOLMES, JW
   JONES, RD
   PARKER, R
   MACIOROWSKI, A
TI RECOMMENDATIONS ON DEVELOPING RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES FOR HIGH-RISK
   PESTICIDES
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 43
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100210
ER

PT J
AU CARREIRA, LA
   HILAL, SH
   KARICKHOFF, SW
AF CARREIRA, LA
   HILAL, SH
   KARICKHOFF, SW
TI MODELS FOR ESTIMATION OF PARTITION CONSTANTS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30613.
   UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 46
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101553
ER

PT J
AU ANASTAS, PT
AF ANASTAS, PT
TI BENIGN BY DESIGN CHEMISTRY - POLLUTION PREVENTION THROUGH SYNTHETIC
   DESIGN
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
RI Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013
OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 49
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101556
ER

PT J
AU TIMBERLAKE, DL
   GOVIND, R
AF TIMBERLAKE, DL
   GOVIND, R
TI EXPERT-SYSTEM FOR SOLVENT SUBSTITUTION
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
   UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 53
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101560
ER

PT J
AU SLONE, JE
   ANASTAS, PT
   DEVITO, SC
AF SLONE, JE
   ANASTAS, PT
   DEVITO, SC
TI USING COMPUTER-ASSISTED ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS IN THE
   UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY PREMANUFACTURE
   NOTIFICATION PROGRAM - A CASE-STUDY IN POLLUTION PREVENTION
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT CHEM,FAIRFAX,VA 22304.
   US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
RI Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013
OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 56
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101563
ER

PT J
AU EDELSTEIN, DM
   SPATZ, DS
AF EDELSTEIN, DM
   SPATZ, DS
TI A THEORETICAL TIERED APPROACH TO STUDYING PESTICIDE LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT
   AND FATE IN AIR
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 57
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100224
ER

PT J
AU JORDAN, JH
   WELLS, DA
AF JORDAN, JH
   WELLS, DA
TI SPENT COUMAPHOS LEACHES FROM SOIL EVAPORATION PITS - ENVIRONMENTALLY
   SOUND DISPOSAL IS REQUIRED TO PREVENT LEACHING TO GROUND-WATER
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 58
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100225
ER

PT J
AU HAASER, CA
   DAVIESHILLIARD, LM
   LEES, SM
   KARRIE, JM
   BINGHAM, RL
AF HAASER, CA
   DAVIESHILLIARD, LM
   LEES, SM
   KARRIE, JM
   BINGHAM, RL
TI PESTICIDE INFORMATION NETWORK
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 59
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100226
ER

PT J
AU FAMINI, GR
   LIPNICK, RL
   WHITE, WE
AF FAMINI, GR
   LIPNICK, RL
   WHITE, WE
TI USING THEORETICAL DESCRIPTORS IN STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS -
   APPLICATIONS TO SOIL ADSORPTION AND TRANSPORT
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 USA,CTR DEV & ENGN,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010.
   US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX 7403,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 65
EP GEOC
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26102010
ER

PT J
AU SANDERS, FT
AF SANDERS, FT
TI MOVEMENT OF CLOMAZONE AND ITS PHYTOTOXICITY EFFECTS ON NONTARGET PLANTS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,FUNGICIDE HERBICIDE BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 67
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100234
ER

PT J
AU JACOBY, HM
AF JACOBY, HM
TI REVISION TO SUBDIVISION-N (STATUS-REPORT)
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM FATE & EFFECTS,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 73
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100240
ER

PT J
AU MELONE, JW
AF MELONE, JW
TI EPA TITLE-X ACTIVITY OVERVIEW
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 83
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101590
ER

PT J
AU HENSHALL, M
AF HENSHALL, M
TI TRAINING, CERTIFICATION AND ACCREDITATION REGULATION
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 84
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101591
ER

PT J
AU WATFORD, D
AF WATFORD, D
TI RENOVATION AND REMODELING ACTIVITIES
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 85
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101592
ER

PT J
AU COOK, BT
AF COOK, BT
TI LEAD HAZARD STANDARDS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 86
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101593
ER

PT J
AU ARNE, KH
AF ARNE, KH
TI WHAT IS A SAFER PESTICIDE
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,SEATTLE,WA 98101.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 87
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100255
ER

PT J
AU FRANKLIN, CL
AF FRANKLIN, CL
TI LEAD PUBLIC DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 87
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101594
ER

PT J
AU JACOBSON, J
AF JACOBSON, J
TI TASK-FORCE ON LEAD-BASED PAINT HAZARD REDUCTION AND FINANCING
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 88
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101595
ER

PT J
AU SCHUDA, PF
AF SCHUDA, PF
TI IMMUNOASSAY METHODS IN THE PESTICIDES REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,DIV ENVIRONM FATE & EFFECTS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 91
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100260
ER

PT J
AU WEITMAN, D
AF WEITMAN, D
TI EPA INITIATIVES TO REDUCE NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,DIV ASSESSMENT & WATERSHED PROTECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 98
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100263
ER

PT J
AU POLVI, GR
AF POLVI, GR
TI POINT-SOURCE POLLUTION - THE NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION
   SYSTEM (NPDES) AND RENEWED EFFORTS TO REDUCE WATER-POLLUTION FOR CERTAIN
   AGRICULTURAL SOURCES
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF WASTEWATER ENFORCEMENT & COMPLIANCE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 99
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100264
ER

PT J
AU BRASSARD, C
   REIDER, D
AF BRASSARD, C
   REIDER, D
TI EPA ECOLOGICAL INCIDENT MONITORING AND REPORTING EFFORTS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 100
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100265
ER

PT J
AU DONNELLY, JR
   GRANGE, AH
   BRUMLEY, WC
   BILLETS, S
   SOVOCOOL, GW
AF DONNELLY, JR
   GRANGE, AH
   BRUMLEY, WC
   BILLETS, S
   SOVOCOOL, GW
TI MASS MEASUREMENTS BY AN ACCURATE AND SENSITIVE SELECTED-ION-RECORDING
   TECHNIQUE
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 LOCKHEED ES&T,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 100
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101607
ER

PT J
AU HASSUR, SM
   BOUWES, NW
AF HASSUR, SM
   BOUWES, NW
TI THE UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY TRI ENVIRONMENTAL
   INDICATORS MODEL
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,DIV ECON & TECHNOL 7406,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 106
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101613
ER

PT J
AU KADKHODAYAN, M
   HENRY, CB
   VENOSA, AD
   SUIDAN, MT
AF KADKHODAYAN, M
   HENRY, CB
   VENOSA, AD
   SUIDAN, MT
TI QUANTITATIVE MASS-SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS DURING
   BIODEGRADATION
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 109
EP GEOC
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26102054
ER

PT J
AU SPITZER, MA
AF SPITZER, MA
TI ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,DIV POLLUT PREVENT 7409,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 109
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101616
ER

PT J
AU JENNINGS, AL
AF JENNINGS, AL
TI EPAS REDUCED USE INITIATIVE
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 110
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100271
ER

PT J
AU JEHASSI, O
AF JEHASSI, O
TI EPA DESIGN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT DRY-CLEANING PROJECT
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 111
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101618
ER

PT J
AU MILEWSKI, E
AF MILEWSKI, E
TI THE ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AN ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 111
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100272
ER

PT J
AU MELINE, J
AF MELINE, J
TI CLEANER TECHNOLOGY SUBSTITUTES ASSESSMENT FOR THE DRY-CLEANING INDUSTRY
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 112
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101619
ER

PT J
AU CABALLERO, KP
AF CABALLERO, KP
TI DESIGN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT SCREEN PRINTING SCREEN RECLAMATION CLEANER
   TECHNOLOGIES SUBSTITUTE ASSESSMENT
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 113
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101620
ER

PT J
AU MURRAY, T
AF MURRAY, T
TI DESIGN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT - EPA/GSA PRODUCT EVALUATION
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 114
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101621
ER

PT J
AU BROWN, SF
   CLICKNER, R
   ROGERS, J
AF BROWN, SF
   CLICKNER, R
   ROGERS, J
TI SOIL LEAD PREVALENCE DATA
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 WESTAT CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850.
   US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 123
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101630
ER

PT J
AU SCHWEMBERGER, JG
   SCALERA, JV
   DEWATT, FG
   NICHOLS, DR
   JONES, JB
   COX, DC
   SCHMEHL, RL
   KOYAK, RA
   HAUGEN, MM
AF SCHWEMBERGER, JG
   SCALERA, JV
   DEWATT, FG
   NICHOLS, DR
   JONES, JB
   COX, DC
   SCHMEHL, RL
   KOYAK, RA
   HAUGEN, MM
TI LEAD PAINT TESTING - FIELD-EVALUATION
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 DAVID C COX & ASSOCIATES,ROSSLYN,VA 22209.
   US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
   MIDWEST RES INST,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 124
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101631
ER

PT J
AU SCALERA, JV
AF SCALERA, JV
TI THE NATIONAL LEAD LABORATORY ACCREDITATION PROGRAM
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 125
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101632
ER

PT J
AU ROGERS, J
   LIM, BS
   SCHWEMBERGER, JG
   GORMAN, P
   STROUP, CR
AF ROGERS, J
   LIM, BS
   SCHWEMBERGER, JG
   GORMAN, P
   STROUP, CR
TI LABORATORY EVALUATION OF COLLECTION EFFICIENCY OF WIPE, VACUUM SAMPLERS
   AND HOUSEHOLD VACUUM CLEANERS FOR DUST AND LEAD-DUST
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
   WESTAT CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855.
   MIDWEST RES INST,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 126
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101633
ER

PT J
AU BURGOON, DA
   SCHULTZ, BD
   RUST, SW
   STRAUSS, W
AF BURGOON, DA
   SCHULTZ, BD
   RUST, SW
   STRAUSS, W
TI ABATEMENT EFFICACY
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,MADISON,WI 53705.
   BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS,OH 43201.
   UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PREVENT MED,MADISON,WI 53705.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 127
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101634
ER

PT J
AU LIM, BS
   FARFEL, M
   SCHULTZ, BD
   STROUP, CR
AF LIM, BS
   FARFEL, M
   SCHULTZ, BD
   STROUP, CR
TI PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF SHORT-TERM EFFICACY OF REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE
   INTERVENTIONS FOR REDUCING LEAD IN SETTLED HOUSE-DUST
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
   KENNEDY KRIEGER RES INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 128
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101635
ER

PT J
AU LECZYNSKI, B
   HACKER, J
AF LECZYNSKI, B
   HACKER, J
TI ENCAPSULANTS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OPPT 7404,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 129
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101636
ER

PT J
AU EPSTEIN, MS
   SMITH, SM
   BREEN, JJ
AF EPSTEIN, MS
   SMITH, SM
   BREEN, JJ
TI APPLICATION OF A NOVEL SLURRY FURNACE AAS PROTOCOL FOR RAPID
   ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   YORKTOWN HIGH SCH,ARLINGTON,VA 22207.
   US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 130
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101637
ER

PT J
AU TOBIN, P
AF TOBIN, P
TI RISK MANAGEMENT THROUGH INHERENTLY SAFE CHEMISTRY
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 133
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101640
ER

PT J
AU NEWBURGRINN, SD
AF NEWBURGRINN, SD
TI PUBLIC-ACCESS, RIGHT-TO-KNOW, AND THE TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 138
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101645
ER

PT J
AU MARTIN, J
AF MARTIN, J
TI TSCA INFORMATION-SYSTEMS, P2 AND YOU
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 139
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101646
ER

PT J
AU MOSS, K
   KENT, R
AF MOSS, K
   KENT, R
TI CHEMICAL CATEGORIES IN EPAS NEW CHEMICALS PROGRAM
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 140
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101647
ER

PT J
AU NAMBOODIRI, K
   SHACKELFORD, W
AF NAMBOODIRI, K
   SHACKELFORD, W
TI HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL-RESEARCH
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NATL ENVIRONM SUPERCOMP CTR,BAY CITY,MI 48708.
   MARTIN MARIETTA SERV GRP,BAY CITY,MI 48708.
   US EPA,NATL DATA PROC DIV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 142
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101649
ER

PT J
AU LEVY, SJ
AF LEVY, SJ
TI MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE UNITED-STATES
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 150
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101657
ER

PT J
AU LANDRETH, RE
AF LANDRETH, RE
TI COVER SYSTEMS FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 153
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101660
ER

PT J
AU SMITH, SM
   EPSTEIN, M
   BREEN, JJ
AF SMITH, SM
   EPSTEIN, M
   BREEN, JJ
TI LEAD-EXPOSURE IN ARLINGTON COUNTY PARKS AND PLAYGROUNDS - ARE THEY SAFE
   FOR OUR KIDS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD.
   US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 154
EP CHED
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26100794
ER

PT J
AU CASH, GG
AF CASH, GG
TI HEATS OF FORMATION OF POLYHEX POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS FROM
   THEIR ADJACENCY MATRICES
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 188
EP COMP
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101495
ER

PT J
AU HILAL, SH
   CARREIRA, LA
   KARICKHOFF, SW
AF HILAL, SH
   CARREIRA, LA
   KARICKHOFF, SW
TI SPARC - A COMPUTER-PROGRAM FOR ESTIMATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
   UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 189
EP COMP
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101496
ER

PT J
AU WALLER, CL
   MCKINNEY, JD
AF WALLER, CL
   MCKINNEY, JD
TI A 3D-QSAR MODEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS AS ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR
   LIGANDS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 225
EP MEDI
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26103018
ER

PT J
AU GARRETT, RL
AF GARRETT, RL
TI DESIGNING SAFER CHEMICALS - A NEW APPROACH TO POLLUTION PREVENTION
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOXICS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 251
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101758
ER

PT J
AU DEVITO, SC
AF DEVITO, SC
TI GENERAL-PRINCIPLES FOR THE DESIGN OF SAFER CHEMICALS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOXIC,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 252
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101759
ER

PT J
AU DEVITO, SC
AF DEVITO, SC
TI A BIOCHEMICAL BASED APPROACH FOR DESIGNING SAFER NITRILES
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOXICS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 255
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101762
ER

PT J
AU KILGROE, JD
   BRNA, TG
   NEBEL, KL
   WHITE, DN
AF KILGROE, JD
   BRNA, TG
   NEBEL, KL
   WHITE, DN
TI CONTROL OF AIR-POLLUTION FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 1994
VL 208
BP 268
EP ENVR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA PA261
UT WOS:A1994PA26101775
ER

PT J
AU JI, WC
   SIKDAR, SK
   HWANG, ST
AF JI, WC
   SIKDAR, SK
   HWANG, ST
TI MODELING OF MULTICOMPONENT PERVAPORATION FOR REMOVAL OF VOLATILE
   ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS FROM WATER
SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE MODELING; PERVAPORATION; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; WASTE-WATER
   TREATMENT; ORGANIC SEPARATIONS
ID DOWNSTREAM PRESSURE; MEMBRANES; MIXTURES; RESISTANCE; DIFFUSION
AB A resistance-in-series model was used to study the pervaporation of multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs)-water mixtures. Permeation experiments were carried out for four membranes: poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) polyether-block-polyamides (PEBA), polyurethane (PUR) and silicone-polycarbonate copolymer (SPC) membranes. Three VOCs, i.e., toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and methylene chloride were studied. Both organic and water permeabilities of the PEBA membrane for 1 VOC-water, 2 VOCs-water and 3 VOCs-water mixtures were found to be comparable with each other. Coupling effects for trace organic transfer through the membrane were not observed when the downstream pressure was close to zero. However, at high downstream pressure, if the downstream side mass transfer resistance dominated the overall mass transport, coupling effects might occur within the vapor phase.
   The downstream pressure effect for the PDMS membrane was determined. The experimental results were correlated very well by a simple mass transfer equation. The downstream pressure may have positive or negative effects on the separation factor, depending on the ratio of overall organic permeability over water permeability, beta(perm). The value of beta(perm) is a function of the intrinsic organic and water permeabilities, liquid boundary layer mass transfer coefficient as well as membrane thickness. The vapor phase mass transfer resistance was found to be negligible at low downstream pressure ( < 15 mmHg). It was clearly shown in this work that the resistance-in-series model could be used effectively to describe the pervaporation of dilute multiple VOCs-water mixtures through polymeric membranes.
C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221.
   US EPA,RREL,DIV WATER & HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
   CERAMEM CORP,WALTHAM,MA 02154.
NR 35
TC 102
Z9 106
U1 1
U2 32
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0376-7388
J9 J MEMBRANE SCI
JI J. Membr. Sci.
PD AUG 8
PY 1994
VL 93
IS 1
BP 1
EP 19
DI 10.1016/0376-7388(94)85011-9
PG 19
WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science
SC Engineering; Polymer Science
GA PC773
UT WOS:A1994PC77300001
ER

PT J
AU PLEIL, JD
   STROUPE, ML
AF PLEIL, JD
   STROUPE, ML
TI MEASUREMENT OF VAPOR-PHASE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AT HIGH-CONCENTRATIONS
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
LA English
DT Article
AB Laboratory, industrial, chemical or other waste products may have constituents that evolve volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at very high concentrations. These could pose human health risks during handling, storage and disposal of the waste through inhalation, dermal exposure or explosion. Additionally, the release of VOCs can adversely impact the tropospheric chemistry, and in the case of halogenated compounds, the stratospheric ozone chemistry as well. Very precise and accurate methods exist for measurement of VOCs at trace levels; however, these are inappropriate for the high levels in waste headspace, which often approach saturation vapor pressure. This paper presents an inlet system and analytical method for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry designed specifically for measuring VOC concentrations greater than 10 ppm (v/v) in a gas matrix. The technique is shown to be effective for measuring selected common solvents including alcohols, ketones, halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds in an air matrix in stainless-steel sampling canisters. This work was performed under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between the US Environmental Protection Agency and Graseby/Nutech Corporation.
C1 GRASEBY NUTECH,DURHAM,NC.
RP PLEIL, JD (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LABS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 2
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
J9 J CHROMATOGR A
JI J. Chromatogr. A
PD AUG 5
PY 1994
VL 676
IS 2
BP 399
EP 408
DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80440-0
PG 10
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA PB455
UT WOS:A1994PB45500016
ER

PT J
AU GREEN, GM
   GORDIS, L
   BINGHAM, E
   ESCHENBACHER, W
   GORMAN, DW
   MARCUS, M
   RILEY, LW
   SCHAUMBURG, HH
   SINGER, MT
   SPENGLER, JD
   SUTULA, TP
   TAYLOR, RE
   BASCOM, R
   BERG, SW
   BLANCK, RR
   BOLTON, HT
   CORTIVEAU, J
   DAXON, EG
   EITZEN, EM
   EVENSON, ET
   FAGAN, JG
   FELDMAN, EL
   FRIEDMAN, GK
   FRIEDMAN, MJ
   FRY, SA
   FUKUDA, K
   HAGAR, B
   HELLER, J
   HYAMS, C
   IREY, NS
   JOHNSON, DL
   KANG, HK
   MAGILL, AJ
   MARLOWE, DH
   MATTISON, DR
   MILLER, CS
   MOHR, SN
   MURPHY, FM
   ODONNELL, FL
   PILLEMER, SR
   ROSS, D
   ROSWELL, RH
   SHAYEVITZ, M
   SIDELL, FR
   STRAUS, SE
   TARVER, RS
   TERR, AI
   WADE, JV
   FOX, MA
   ROBERTSON, S
   WOLFE, K
   ZUSPANN, B
   GERRITY, T
   BEACH, PEM
   CAMP, T
   CUSTIS, DL
   ETZEL, RA
   FERGUSON, JH
   GRIESEMER, R
   HALL, WH
   HARLAN, WR
   HICKMAN, JG
   KEHRL, H
   RAUCH, T
   SPHAR, RL
   THACKER, S
   VENEGAS, TN
AF GREEN, GM
   GORDIS, L
   BINGHAM, E
   ESCHENBACHER, W
   GORMAN, DW
   MARCUS, M
   RILEY, LW
   SCHAUMBURG, HH
   SINGER, MT
   SPENGLER, JD
   SUTULA, TP
   TAYLOR, RE
   BASCOM, R
   BERG, SW
   BLANCK, RR
   BOLTON, HT
   CORTIVEAU, J
   DAXON, EG
   EITZEN, EM
   EVENSON, ET
   FAGAN, JG
   FELDMAN, EL
   FRIEDMAN, GK
   FRIEDMAN, MJ
   FRY, SA
   FUKUDA, K
   HAGAR, B
   HELLER, J
   HYAMS, C
   IREY, NS
   JOHNSON, DL
   KANG, HK
   MAGILL, AJ
   MARLOWE, DH
   MATTISON, DR
   MILLER, CS
   MOHR, SN
   MURPHY, FM
   ODONNELL, FL
   PILLEMER, SR
   ROSS, D
   ROSWELL, RH
   SHAYEVITZ, M
   SIDELL, FR
   STRAUS, SE
   TARVER, RS
   TERR, AI
   WADE, JV
   FOX, MA
   ROBERTSON, S
   WOLFE, K
   ZUSPANN, B
   GERRITY, T
   BEACH, PEM
   CAMP, T
   CUSTIS, DL
   ETZEL, RA
   FERGUSON, JH
   GRIESEMER, R
   HALL, WH
   HARLAN, WR
   HICKMAN, JG
   KEHRL, H
   RAUCH, T
   SPHAR, RL
   THACKER, S
   VENEGAS, TN
TI THE PERSIAN-GULF EXPERIENCE AND HEALTH
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
C1 NIH,OFF MED APPLICAT RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
   HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115.
   JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205.
   UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,CINCINNATI,OH 45267.
   BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MED,CLIN SERV,HOUSTON,TX 77030.
   DIASABLED AMER VET,WASHINGTON,DC.
   EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH,ATLANTA,GA.
   CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DIV ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT MED,NEW YORK,NY 10029.
   CORNELL UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT MED,DIV INT MED,NEW YORK,NY.
   YESHIVA UNIV,ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,CTR NEUROTOXICOL,DEPT NEUROL,NEW YORK,NY.
   UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA.
   HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN PROGRAM,BOSTON,MA 02115.
   UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,MADISON,WI.
   HOWARD UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT PHARMACOL,CLIN PHARMACOL PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC.
   VET FOREIGN WARS,WASHINGTON,DC.
   NATL LEGISLAT COMMISS,AMER LEG,WASHINGTON,DC.
   DESERT STORM VET ASSOC,HEWITT,TX.
   US EPA,CLIN RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
   US DEPT HHS,OFF VET AFFAIRS & MIL LIAISON,WASHINGTON,DC.
   PARALYZED VET AMER,WASHINGTON,DC.
   CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,AIR POLLUT & RESP HLTH BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA.
   NIH,OFF MED APPLICAT RES,BETHESDA,MD.
   JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD.
   NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
   US DEPT DEF,DEPT VET AFFAIRS,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC.
   US DEPT DEF,DEPT VET AFFAIRS,COMPENSAT & PENS SERV,WASHINGTON,DC.
   US DEPT DEF,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,WASHINGTON,DC.
   US DEPT DEF,DEPT VET AFFAIRS,WASHINGTON,DC.
   US DEPT HHS,OFF PUBL AFFAIRS,SPECIAL OUTREACH PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC.
RI Mattison, Donald/C-2015-2009
NR 0
TC 118
Z9 118
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD AUG 3
PY 1994
VL 272
IS 5
BP 391
EP 396
PG 6
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA NY903
UT WOS:A1994NY90300033
ER

PT J
AU MARTONEN, TB
   YANG, Y
   XUE, ZQ
AF MARTONEN, TB
   YANG, Y
   XUE, ZQ
TI EFFECTS OF CARINAL RIDGE SHAPES ON LUNG AIRSTREAMS
SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PARTICLE DEPOSITION PATTERNS; AIRWAY BIFURCATIONS; FIBER DEPOSITION;
   CIGARETTE-SMOKE; FIBROUS AEROSOL; HUMAN LARYNX; MODEL; FLOW; RATS;
   INHALATION
AB Experimental tests cited herein have established that the deposits of inhaled particles may be highly concentrated at carinal ridges within lung bifurcations. Airway cells located at these sites will receive relatively massive doses of toxic substances and pharmacologic drugs. The deposition patterns, therefore, have immediate implications to risk assessment programs and aerosol therapy protocols. Herein, the software FIDAP was employed to study the effects of carinal ridge shapes upon fluid dynamics patterns. A series of well-defined geometric shapes (symmetric and asymmetric) were examined. For each case, a wide range of physiologically realistic flows were considered which corresponded to respiratory intensities for sedentary, light, and heavy activities. The results varied in a systematic manner. For example, at the lowest inspiratory flow rate of 14 L/min the effects were highly localized for all carinal ridge shapes, whereas at the highest inspiratory flow rate of 120 L/min the effects were propagated (i.e., to varying degrees) to distal regions. By relating fluid dynamics patterns to particle behavior, the results have inhalation toxicology and aerosol therapy relevance because, for example, bronchogenic carcinomas are selectively distributed within the tracheobronchial tree and certain receptors are known to be preferentially located at airway dividing sites.
C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,DIV PULM DIS,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
   N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
RP MARTONEN, TB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MAIL DROP 74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 94
TC 51
Z9 53
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0278-6826
J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH
JI Aerosol Sci. Technol.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 21
IS 2
BP 119
EP 136
DI 10.1080/02786829408959702
PG 18
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences;
   Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA NZ424
UT WOS:A1994NZ42400003
ER

PT J
AU GOMEZ, MR
AF GOMEZ, MR
TI RECOMMENDATIONS FOR METHODS TO CODE INDUSTRY AND JOB TASK IN ROUTINELY
   COLLECTED EXPOSURE DATA
SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES INDUSTRY
AB This article describes and recommends two coding methods that can improve the capture of exposure-relevant information in large occupational exposure databases.  One of the methods can substantially improve the specificity of information captured by industry codes, and the second would improve the capture of information about job tasks in a standardized fashion, a capability almost entirely lacking in occupational health.  The methods are not ideally designed for exposure assessment purposes, but their use would represent a substantial improvement over current practices.  The methods have been well tested and can be adopted in their current form.  Moreover, they are compatible with coding systems already in widespread use of economic, demographic, health, and other data, thus making exposure data coded with them amenable to valuable linkages.  Large collections of routine exposure measurements are increasingly common, and the use of these coding methods will help improve the needed coding of precise information about these two critical exposure determinants (industry and task performed), so that exposure databases can be made more amenable to inferential analyses in support of risk assessment and risk management applications.
RP GOMEZ, MR (reprint author), US EPA,SCI ADVISORY BOARD,401 M ST,SW 1400-F,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 25
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC
PI FAIRFAX
PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307
SN 0002-8894
J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J
JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 55
IS 8
BP 743
EP 747
DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1994)055<0743:RFMTCI>2.0.CO;2
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA QG206
UT WOS:A1994QG20600010
ER

PT J
AU GURKA, DF
   PYLE, S
   TITUS, R
   SHAFTER, E
AF GURKA, DF
   PYLE, S
   TITUS, R
   SHAFTER, E
TI DIRECT-DEPOSITION INFRARED SPECTROMETRY WITH GAS AND SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID
   CHROMATOGRAPHY
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ENVIRONMENTAL-ANALYSIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIGHT-PIPE; TRANSFORM; IR;
   INTERFACES; CAPABILITY; EXTRACTS; SYSTEM; SFC
AB A direct-deposition Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) system has been evaluated for applicability to gas chromatography (GC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) of environmental analytes. A 100-mu m i.d. fused-silica transfer line was used for GC, and a 50-mu m transfer line with an integral restrictor was used for SFC. Minimum identifiable quantities for GC/FT-IR ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 ng. This is over an order of magnitude better than those reported for light-pipe FT-IR by this laboratory. However, some of this sensitivity improvement can probably be attributed to the smaller i.d. GC column used in this work and the ability to program the direct-deposition sample plate, thereby compensating for changes in analyte elution volume across the GC temperature ramp, or to the smaller detector area used in this work relative to that used for the light-pipe project. Excellent SFC/FT-IR chromatography was obtained for poly(ethylene glycols) of average molecular weights 400, 600, 1000, and 1500. It was established that poly(ethylene glycol) 400 would not pass through a gas chromatograph. Newer supercritical fluid chromatographs can attain almost twice the highest pressure used in this work, which should allow the separation of even higher molecular weight analytes.
RP GURKA, DF (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,OFF RES & DEV,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA.
NR 33
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD AUG 1
PY 1994
VL 66
IS 15
BP 2521
EP 2528
DI 10.1021/ac00087a017
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA PA170
UT WOS:A1994PA17000018
ER

PT J
AU LIU, SM
   JONES, WJ
   ROGERS, JE
AF LIU, SM
   JONES, WJ
   ROGERS, JE
TI INFLUENCE OF REDOX POTENTIAL ON THE ANAEROBIC BIOTRANSFORMATION OF
   NITROGEN-HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS IN ANOXIC FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS
SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DEEP SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION; INDOLE METABOLISM;
   DEGRADATION; PYRIDINE; QUINOLINE; BIODEGRADATION; GROUNDWATER;
   BACTERIUM; METHANE
AB The potential for degradation of four nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds was investigated in freshwater sediment slurries maintained under denitrifying, sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic conditions. Pyridine (10 mg/l) was rapidly transformed within 4 weeks under denitrifying conditions but persisted for up to 3 months under sulfate-reducing and methanogenic conditions. No intermediate biotransformation products of pyridine metabolism were detected under denitrifying conditions. Quinoline (10 mg/l) was completely transformed without a lag phase under methanogenic and sulfate-reducing conditions after incubation for 23 and 45 days, respectively. 2-Hydroxyquinoline was produced concomitantly with quinoline transformation under methanogenic and sulfate-reducing conditions. Under denitrifying conditions, less than 23% of the initial concentration of quinoline was transformed after anaerobic incubation for 83 days. Indole, however, was completely removed from sediment slurries under denitrifying, sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic conditions after anaerobic incubation for 18, 27, and 17 days, respectively. Only low amounts of oxindole (2-4 mg/l) accumulated during indole metabolism under methanogenic and denitrifying conditions, but under sulfate-reducing conditions, oxindole accumulation was stoichiometric with indole transformation. No evidence for biotransformation of carbazole was noted for all anaerobic conditions tested.
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605.
   UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602.
NR 31
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0175-7598
J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT
JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 41
IS 6
BP 717
EP 724
PG 8
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA PB639
UT WOS:A1994PB63900015
ER

PT J
AU SCHUYTEMA, GS
   NEBEKER, AV
   GRIFFIS, WL
AF SCHUYTEMA, GS
   NEBEKER, AV
   GRIFFIS, WL
TI TOXICITY OF GUTHION(R) AND GUTHION(R)2S TO XENOPUS-LAEVIS EMBRYOS
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOCONCENTRATION; TERATOGENESIS; DIELDRIN
AB The development of Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) embryos exposed to the pesticide Guthion(R) (technical grade) and Guthion(R) 2S (commercial formulation) was evaluated in modified Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX) tests. The embryos were exposed to five or six increasing concentrations of pesticide in 10- and 100-ml exposure volumes of test solution for 96 h. Embryos exposed in 10-ml volumes of Guthion exhibited increased mortality, increased deformation, and decreased size as compared to those exposed in 100-ml volumes. LC50s for embryos exposed in the 10-ml Guthion tests ranged from 6.1 to 6.3 mg/L as compared to 10. 6 to 11.9 mg/L for those in the 100-ml tests. The percentage of deformities at 3 mg/L Guthion in test survivors in 10-ml tests ranged from 73 to 89%, while in the 100-ml tests less than 2% were deformed at the same concentration. Mean control embryo lengths at test completion were 8.2 and 10.6 mm, respectively, for 10- and 100-ml tests. The LC50 for embryos in 100 ml Guthion 2S was 1.6 mg/L active ingredient, indicating a much greater toxicity of the commercial formulation. NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) values for Guthion and Guthion 2S ranged from 0.48 to 7.96 mg/L, depending upon basis (length, deformity, mortality) and pesticide formulation, and were many times greater than the existing water quality criterion of 0.01 mug/L.
RP SCHUYTEMA, GS (reprint author), US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA.
NR 23
TC 16
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 27
IS 2
BP 250
EP 255
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA NT637
UT WOS:A1994NT63700015
PM 8060170
ER

PT J
AU DAVIS, BL
   DENG, Y
   ANDERSON, DJ
   JOHNSON, LR
   DETWILER, AG
   HODSON, LL
   SICKLES, JE
AF DAVIS, BL
   DENG, Y
   ANDERSON, DJ
   JOHNSON, LR
   DETWILER, AG
   HODSON, LL
   SICKLES, JE
TI LIMITS OF DETECTION AND ARTIFACT FORMATION OF SULFATES AND NITRATES
   COLLECTED WITH A TRIPLE-PATH DENUDER
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE X-RAY DIFFRACTION OF AEROSOLS; SULFATE AND NITRATE AEROSOLS; DENUDER
   TESTING
ID PARTICULATE
AB Ammonium sulfate and nitrate aerosols were generated and sampled on Teflon (PTFE) filters in a triple-path denuder (TPD) at the Research Triangle Institute.  Lower limits of detection and quantitative analysis of the resulting samples were completed by X-ray diffraction at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology.  Denuder coatings included oxalic acid for removal of ammonia, and NaCl for capture of nitric acid; a third path was left uncoated.  Primary aerosol concentrations of 17 and 79 mug m-3 for (NH4)2SO4 (mascagnite), and 10 mug m-3 for NH4NO3 were generated by a nebulizer and introduced to the instrument's PM10 sampling inlet under a Tedlar chamber.  Monitoring of generated species during collection at RTI was conducted using ion chromatography.  Lower limits of detection (LLD, as wt%) for the sulfate and nitrate collections on the filters varied from 0.9 to (as high as) 22 for extremely light filter loadings.  Spalling of the oxalic acid coating along denuder A and contamination of the aerosol in the collection cassette resulted in an initially rapid but decaying rate of artifact reaction of the mascagnite to letovicite (NH4)3H(SO4)2 over several months of laboratory storage.  No analogous reaction was observed for the NH4NO3 aerosol samples.
C1 RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP DAVIS, BL (reprint author), S DAKOTA SCH MINES & TECHNOL,RAPID CITY,SD 57701, USA.
RI Hodson, Laura/F-4585-2011
NR 7
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 15
BP 2485
EP 2491
DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90399-9
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PH680
UT WOS:A1994PH68000010
ER

PT J
AU KASHMANIAN, RM
AF KASHMANIAN, RM
TI A WAKE-UP CALL ON WORDS
SO BIOCYCLE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP KASHMANIAN, RM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY PLANNING & EDUC,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JG PRESS, INC
PI EMMAUS
PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049
SN 0276-5055
J9 BIOCYCLE
JI Biocycle
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 35
IS 8
BP 86
EP 86
PG 1
WC Ecology; Soil Science
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture
GA PC492
UT WOS:A1994PC49200017
ER

PT J
AU DENSLOW, ND
   CHOW, MM
   FOLMAR, LC
AF DENSLOW, ND
   CHOW, MM
   FOLMAR, LC
TI ISOFORMS OF APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I IN THE SERUM OF BROWN BULLHEADS
   (AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS) WITH LIVER-CANCER
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE
LA English
DT Article
ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; EVOLUTION; PROTEINS; CHEMISTRY;
   LIPOPROTEINS; EXPRESSION; FISH
AB Brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) express two different isoforms of apolipoprotein A-I in the serum, a predominant form characterized by a pI of 6.9 and a more acidic isoform with a pI of 6.65. The two proteins were identified by N-terminal amino acid sequencing, with 50 residues for the pI 6.9 isoform and 20 residues for the pI 6.65 isoform. Sequences for the two proteins were identical for the first 20 amino acids; however, differences in their primary sequences were deduced by analysis of peptide maps obtained through proteolytic digestion. The ratio of the isoforms changes from 75% pI 6.9/25% pI 6.65 (no tumors) to equal amounts of both isoforms in bullheads with hepato- or cholangio-cellular carcinomas. This is the first report of these serum isoforms in feral fish showing that the expression of these proteins is directly related to both cholangio- and hepato-cellular carcinomas. The potential use of these proteins as tumor biomarkers is discussed.
C1 US EPA,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561.
   UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610.
RP DENSLOW, ND (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,INTERDISCIPLINARY CTR BIOTECHNOL RES,MOLEC BIOMARKERS LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610, USA.
NR 30
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4301
J9 CAN J ZOOL
JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 72
IS 8
BP 1522
EP 1527
DI 10.1139/z94-201
PG 6
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA PV940
UT WOS:A1994PV94000022
ER

PT J
AU MARQUIS, PJ
   HACKETT, M
   HOLLAND, LG
   LARSEN, ML
   BUTTERWORTH, B
   KUEHL, DW
AF MARQUIS, PJ
   HACKETT, M
   HOLLAND, LG
   LARSEN, ML
   BUTTERWORTH, B
   KUEHL, DW
TI ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR A NATIONAL STUDY OF CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FISH .1.
   POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS DIBENZOFURANS
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID CONTAMINATION
AB Analytical Methods were developed to determine the concentration of PCDD/PCDF in fish tissue for a national survey conducted by EPA.  The method was designed to achieve a relatively low cost per sample while maintaining adequate quality control.  It utilizes a Soxhlet extraction, acid-celite, florisil and carbon-silica gel chromatography, and HRGC/HRMS analysis.  The minimum level of detection for 2,3,7,8-TCDD is approximately 1 pg/g.  Rigorous quality assurance/quality control criteria have been developed to assure the validity of the data.
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804.
RP MARQUIS, PJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR LAKE SUPER ENVIRONM STUDIES,SUPERIOR,WI 54880, USA.
NR 16
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0045-6535
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 29
IS 3
BP 495
EP 508
DI 10.1016/0045-6535(94)90438-3
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PD353
UT WOS:A1994PD35300008
ER

PT J
AU MARQUIS, PJ
   HANSON, RL
   LARSEN, ML
   DEVITA, WM
   BUTTERWORTH, BC
   KUEHL, DW
AF MARQUIS, PJ
   HANSON, RL
   LARSEN, ML
   DEVITA, WM
   BUTTERWORTH, BC
   KUEHL, DW
TI ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR A NATIONAL STUDY OF CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FISH .2.
   PESTICIDES AND POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
AB Analytical methods and a quality assurance plan have been developed to determine the concentration of a select group of bioaccumulatable chemicals in fish tissue.  The analytes include PCBs and 21 pesticides and industrial chemicals.  The methodology has been used to conduct a survey of chemical contaminants in fish from nearly 400 major watersheds in the United States.  The methodology consists of the preparation of a single extract via soxhlet extraction, gel permeation and silica gel chromatography and quantification by HRGC/LRMS.  The minimum level of detection for most analytes is near 1 ng/g.  Rigorous quality assurance/quality control criteria have been developed to assure the generation of high quality data.
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804.
RP MARQUIS, PJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR LAKE SUPER ENVIRONM STUDIES,SUPERIOR,WI 54880, USA.
NR 9
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0045-6535
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 29
IS 3
BP 509
EP 521
DI 10.1016/0045-6535(94)90439-1
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PD353
UT WOS:A1994PD35300009
ER

PT J
AU KUEHL, DW
   BUTTERWORTH, B
   MARQUIS, PJ
AF KUEHL, DW
   BUTTERWORTH, B
   MARQUIS, PJ
TI A NATIONAL STUDY OF CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FISH .3. STUDY RESULTS
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; UNITED-STATES; CONTAMINATION; MIREX
AB Bottom feeding and game fish, from each of nearly 400 sites throughout the United States were analyzed for 15 PCDD/PCDFs, PCBs, 21 pesticides and herbicides, and 13 other organic chemicals, and mercury.  Seven of the PCDD/PCDFs and 15 of the other chemicals were detected at over 50 percent of the sites.  PCBs were detected at 91% of all sites at a mean concentration of 1.90 mug/g, and exceeded 10 mug/g at 10 sites.  2,3,7,8-TCDD was detected at 70 percent of the sites at a mean concentration of 6.9 ppt and a maximum concentration of 204 ppt. 2,3,7,8-TCDF was detected at 89 percent of the sites at a mean concentration of 13.6 ppt and a maximum concentration of 404 ppt.  Fish from 75% of all sites had a total TCDD toxic equivalence concentrations (TEC) due to PCDD/PCDFs, below 10 pg/g.  Those with the highest 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations also had the highest TEC.  p,p1-DDE was the most frequently detected individual analyte (99% of samples), and was found at the highest maximum (14,000 ng/g) and mean (295 ng/g) concentrations.  No correlation between specific sources and most of the analytes could be made.  However, pulp and paper mills using chlorine appear to be a significant source of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF in these samples which were collected between 1986 and 1989.
C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR LAKE SUPER ENVIRONM STUDIES,SUPERIOR,WI 54880.
RP KUEHL, DW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA.
NR 22
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0045-6535
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 29
IS 3
BP 523
EP 535
DI 10.1016/0045-6535(94)90440-5
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PD353
UT WOS:A1994PD35300010
ER

PT J
AU BAHNICK, D
   SAUER, C
   BUTTERWORTH, B
   KUEHL, DW
AF BAHNICK, D
   SAUER, C
   BUTTERWORTH, B
   KUEHL, DW
TI A NATIONAL STUDY OF MERCURY CONTAMINATION OF FISH .4. ANALYTICAL METHODS
   AND RESULTS
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; LAKES
AB The concentration of mercury has been determined in fish collected for a nation-wide survey of bioaccumulatable chemical contaminants.  Samples were prepared using standard digestion procedures and analyzed by flameless atomic absorption.  Over 660 samples were analyzed from 374 sites representing 10 site classifications.  The national mean value for all samples (ND = 0) was 0.26 mug/g.  The mean value for fish collected below Public Treatment Works was the highest at 0.59 mug/g.  More than 90% of all sites contained fish with detectable mercury concentrations.
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804.
RP BAHNICK, D (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR LAKE SUPER ENVIRONM STUDIES,SUPERIOR,WI 54880, USA.
NR 15
TC 37
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0045-6535
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 29
IS 3
BP 537
EP 546
DI 10.1016/0045-6535(94)90441-3
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PD353
UT WOS:A1994PD35300011
ER

PT J
AU MARTONEN, TB
   YANG, Y
   HWANG, D
   FLEMING, JS
AF MARTONEN, TB
   YANG, Y
   HWANG, D
   FLEMING, JS
TI MAPPING THE HUMAN LUNG USING DELAUNAY TESSELLATION
SO COMPUTERS AND BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID CONVEX-HULL PROBLEM; VORONOI DIAGRAMS; DEPOSITION; ALGORITHM; PLANAR;
   IMPLEMENTATION; TRIANGULATION; PENETRATION; PARTICLES; INHALER
AB A computer protocol is (1) developed and (2) applied to the human body for medical research. Delaunay tessellation is used to derive an algorithm to describe the structure of the lung. This may be the first application of that mathematical concept to a physiological system. The lung is a complex yet systematic network of pathways described herein with cited dimensions and angles. Its terminal points are the most distal ah-ways, alveolar sacs, defined by their (x, y, z) coordinates. We have addressed that spatial array as a set of points in 3-D space, and, visualized the physical boundary of a lung as the surface of the convex hull of that set in R3(.) As documented, the enveloping surface of the computer lung closely describes the outer contours of human lungs depicted in clinical studies. Therefore, the model has immediate and salient implications to problems in medicine where respiratory function and,morphology have integral roles, specifically, thoracic surgery and aerosol therapy. Examples include the removal of lobes damaged by respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis and cancer, and the definition of lung boundaries for gamma camera, PET, and SPECT images. Importantly, the model can be varied to simulate the intersubject differences that physicians experience among a patient population. The mathematical simulations performed in this work are intended to be complementary to laboratory investigations in the medical arena. By providing accurate 3-D, quantitative descriptions of human lungs the supercomputer can be actively integrated into the clinical environment. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,DIV PULM DIS,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
   MICROELECTR CTR N CAROLINA,N CAROLINA SUPERCOMP PROGRAM,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,SOUTHAMPTON GEN HOSP,DEPT NUCL MED,SOUTHAMPTON S09 4XY,ENGLAND.
RP MARTONEN, TB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 40
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 3
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0010-4809
J9 COMPUT BIOMED RES
JI Comput. Biomed. Res.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 27
IS 4
BP 245
EP 262
DI 10.1006/cbmr.1994.1020
PG 18
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics
SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics
GA PC458
UT WOS:A1994PC45800001
PM 7956126
ER

PT J
AU BIRNBAUM, LS
AF BIRNBAUM, LS
TI ENDOCRINE EFFECTS OF PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO PCBS, DIOXINS, AND OTHER
   XENOBIOTICS - IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY AND FUTURE-RESEARCH
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Review
DE DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; DIOXINS; HORMONES; PCBS; PERSISTENT CHEMICALS;
   PRENATAL EXPOSURES; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY
ID CROSS-SPECIES COMPARISONS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; BREAST-CANCER;
   CHILDREN; RAT
AB Recent reports have suggested that environ-mental chemicals may be associated with endocrine alterations in people, wildlife, and experimental animals. Pharmacological investigations as well as natural poisoning episodes have led to the association between exogenous chemicals and alterations in multiple hormonal systems. Persistent environmental contaminants such as dioxins and PCBs have been shown to modulate the activities of several different hormones. The unborn child or the neonate may be at special risk from these chemicals because of rapid growth and development, in addition to enhanced exposure. Because most exposure to these persistent chemicals is via food, changes in dietary habits and/or reduced contamination of the food supply may be required.
RP BIRNBAUM, LS (reprint author), US EPA,DIV TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 52
TC 136
Z9 142
U1 3
U2 13
PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 102
IS 8
BP 676
EP 679
DI 10.2307/3432197
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA PC373
UT WOS:A1994PC37300011
PM 7895708
ER

PT J
AU KRISHNAN, SV
   GULLETT, BK
   JOZEWICZ, W
AF KRISHNAN, SV
   GULLETT, BK
   JOZEWICZ, W
TI SORPTION OF ELEMENTAL MERCURY BY ACTIVATED CARBONS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DESORPTION; SURFACE
AB The mechanisms and rate of elemental mercury (He-0) capture by activated carbons have been studied using a bench-scale apparatus. Three types of activated carbons, two of which are thermally activated (PC-100 and FGD) and one with elemental sulfur (S) impregnated in it (HGR), were chosen to study the effects of surface area (approximately 550-1000 m2/g), sorption temperature (23-140-degrees-C), and Hg0 concentration (30 and 60 ppb of Hein nitrogen). Investigations revealed that sorption occurs in active sites in PC-100 and FGD which are either depleted or deactivated upon heat treatment at 140-degrees-C. For HGR, sorption at 23-degrees-C occurred in non-S sites residing in the external surface, and sorption of 140-degrees-C primarily occurred through the reaction of Hg0 and S. Desorption studies for PC-100 and HGR revealed the sorption mechanism to be a combination of physisorption and chemisorption at 23-degrees-C, whereas chemisorption is the primary route at 140-degrees-C.
C1 US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
NR 22
TC 175
Z9 179
U1 3
U2 20
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 8
BP 1506
EP 1512
DI 10.1021/es00057a020
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PA221
UT WOS:A1994PA22100025
PM 22165936
ER

PT J
AU REDMOND, MS
   SCOTT, KJ
   SWARTZ, RC
   JONES, JKP
AF REDMOND, MS
   SCOTT, KJ
   SWARTZ, RC
   JONES, JKP
TI PRELIMINARY CULTURE AND LIFE-CYCLE EXPERIMENTS WITH THE BENTHIC AMPHIPOD
   AMPELISCA-ABDITA
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE AMPELISCA-ABDITA; AMPHIPODS; CHRONIC BIOASSAYS; SEDIMENT TOXICITY
ID HYALELLA-AZTECA; TOXICITY; COROPHIUM; CADMIUM; BAY
AB The tube-dwelling amphipod Ampelisca abdita Mills 1964 has been used extensively in acute sediment toxicity tests and has been shown to be amenable to chronic testing. Ampelisca abdita was held in the lab through several generations when fed algal food in daily static renewals, although culturing success was not consistent. Algal food consisted of one or more of the following: the flagellate Pseudoisochrysis paradoxa Sutton, and the diatoms Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin and Chaetoceros calcitrans (Paulsen) Tokano. Sensitivity of cultured animals to cadmium chloride in 96-h seawater-only tests (LC50s 0.28-0.58 mg Cd/L) was comparable to that of field-collected animals (LC50 0.20 mg Cd/L). A life-cycle test initiated with juveniles 8 to 10 d old resulted in production of young or fertilized broods in only two of the 12 sample containers in which young were expected. Amphipods were sexually mature at approximately 20 d of age at 25-degrees-C, and young were first produced at 34 to 36 d. Short-term tests were used to quantify growth of this species in 10 to 14 d. Results from a variety of experiments indicated that there are still one or more unresolved problems with the culture and chronic testing of Ampelisca abdita. Factors such as nutrition, flow rate, light, and temperature need to be examined further.
C1 ASCI CORP,NEWPORT,OR 97365.
   SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882.
   US EPA,NEWPORT,OR 97365.
NR 27
TC 13
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 10
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 8
BP 1355
EP 1365
DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[1355:PCALEW]2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA NZ712
UT WOS:A1994NZ71200017
ER

PT J
AU LINAK, WP
   WENDT, JOL
AF LINAK, WP
   WENDT, JOL
TI TRACE-METAL TRANSFORMATION MECHANISMS DURING COAL COMBUSTION
SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on Trace Element Transformations in Coat-Fired Power Systems
CY APR 19-22, 1993
CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ
ID FIRED POWER-PLANT; MULTICOMPONENT AEROSOL DYNAMICS; FLY-ASH; SIZE;
   ELEMENTS; SYSTEM; INCINERATION; VAPORIZATION; EMISSIONS; PARTICLE
AB Mechanisms governing the fate of trace metals during coal combustion are reviewed, and new theoretical results interpreting existing data are presented.  Emphasis is on predicting the size-segregated speciation of trace metals in pulverized coal-fired power plant effluents.  This facet, which determines how trace metals originally in coal impact the environment, is controlled by fuel composition and combustion conditions.
   Multicomponent equilibrium calculations are used to predict vaporization/condensation temperatures for antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and selenium compounds in coal combustion flue gases, for a representative Illinois No. 6 coal.  Experimental data show that equilibrium provides a good guide on the effect of chlorine on the partitioning of pure nickel, cadmium, and lead salts, introduced separately into a gaseous turbulent diffusion flame within an 82 kW combustor.  Metal nuclei coagulation mechanisms are examined using existing computer codes, and these predict that coagulation does not allow condensed metal nuclei to be scavenged by existing coal ash particles.  Rather, literature data on trace metal enrichment on small particles are consistent with processes of reactive scavenging of metals by larger particles, and it is suggested that these processes might be exploited further to convert these metals into environmentally benign forms.
C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT CHEM ENGN,TUCSON,AZ 85721.
RP LINAK, WP (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,COMBUST RES BRANCH,MD-65,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 58
TC 150
Z9 169
U1 4
U2 36
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-3820
J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL
JI Fuel Process. Technol.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 39
IS 1-3
BP 173
EP 198
DI 10.1016/0378-3820(94)90179-1
PG 26
WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA PG937
UT WOS:A1994PG93700013
ER

PT J
AU WARD, TE
AF WARD, TE
TI MULTIPLE METALS STACK EMISSION MEASUREMENT METHODOLOGY FOR STATIONARY
   SOURCES, CURRENT STATUS
SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on Trace Element Transformations in Coat-Fired Power Systems
CY APR 19-22, 1993
CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ
AB This paper presents an overview of the current status of measurement methodology for the purpose of determining multiple metals stack emissions of up to sixteen metals using one sampling train developed by the Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA).  In the methodology isokinetic sampling from a grid of points produces a representative sample from which the multiple metal emissions can be measured in the sample from one train.  Metals in the stack particulate matter are measured separately from those in the stack gases.  The samples are prepared by digestion for subsequent analysis by inductivity coupled plasma or atomic absorption spectroscopy.  The train was developed for measuring the following sixteen metals:  total Cr, Cd, As, Ni, Mn, Be, Cu, Zn, Pb, Se, P, Tl, Ag, Sb, Ba, and Hg.  Emission factor development, research requiring measurement of metals emissions, and determining emission compliance are important potential applications of this type of methodology.
RP WARD, TE (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,DIV METHODS RES & DEV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 1
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-3820
J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL
JI Fuel Process. Technol.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 39
IS 1-3
BP 259
EP 263
DI 10.1016/0378-3820(94)90184-8
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA PG937
UT WOS:A1994PG93700018
ER

PT J
AU STEINSBERGER, SC
   DEWEES, WG
   BELL, AC
   FINKEN, RA
   KNOLL, JE
   MIDGETT, MR
AF STEINSBERGER, SC
   DEWEES, WG
   BELL, AC
   FINKEN, RA
   KNOLL, JE
   MIDGETT, MR
TI DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE US-EPA HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM SOURCE
   EMISSIONS MEASUREMENT METHOD
SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on Trace Element Transformations in Coat-Fired Power Systems
CY APR 19-22, 1993
CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ
AB The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has validated a sampling and analytical method for measuring hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in source emissions at municipal sewage sludge incinerators and hazardous waste incinerators.  The sampling method uses an impinger train that is designed to continuously recirculate an alkaline impinger solution to the sampling nozzle, where the incoming Cr(VI) is stabilized.  Recirculation of an alkaline solution in the sample nozzle and through the probe avoids dry surfaces common to the traditional EPA Method 5 and Method 13-type sampling trains.  Hot, dry surfaces in a sampling train can contribute to the conversion of Cr(VI) to trivalent chromium, Cr(III), during sampling.  Additional post-sampling procedures to minimize the conversion of Cr(VI) include purging the sample train with nitrogen to remove reactive gases, followed by filtration of the impinger solution to remove particulate matter and insoluble chromium (Cr) compounds.  The impinger solution is then analyzed by ion chromatography coupled to a post column reactor (IC/PCR), employing a diphenyl carbazide (DPC) reagent.  Depending on the sample matrix, an in situ preconcentration technique can be employed resulting in an in-stack detection limit of 10 ng/m3.  During the validation of this test method, a radioactive isotope of Cr(VI) was used to monitor any conversion that occurred to Cr(VI) during sampling and preparation prior to analysis.  EPA-sponsored laboratory experiments and field tests of this Cr(VI) sampling train typically demonstrated over 80% recovery of Cr(VI), compared to the Method 5-type train where recoveries were less than 50%.  This paper describes EPA's current measurement method for Cr(VI) source emissions, discusses results obtained with this method at municipal sewage sludge incinerators and a hazardous waste incinerator, and presents sampling techniques for sources with elevated acid gas levels.
C1 CARNOT,TUSTIN,CA 92680.
   US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP STEINSBERGER, SC (reprint author), DEECO INC,POB 4159,CARY,NC 27519, USA.
NR 3
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-3820
J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL
JI Fuel Process. Technol.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 39
IS 1-3
BP 265
EP 276
DI 10.1016/0378-3820(94)90185-6
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA PG937
UT WOS:A1994PG93700019
ER

PT J
AU MOSER, VC
   BOYES, WK
AF MOSER, VC
   BOYES, WK
TI NEUROBEHAVIORAL SCREENING APPROACH TO STUDY OF TOXICITY OF
   3,3'-IMINODIPROPIONITRILE - REPLY
SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
ID NEUROTOXICITY; RAT; BATTERY
RP MOSER, VC (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0272-0590
J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL
JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 23
IS 2
BP 314
EP 315
PG 2
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA PD169
UT WOS:A1994PD16900019
ER

PT J
AU SMIALOWICZ, RJ
   RIDDLE, MM
   WILLIAMS, WC
AF SMIALOWICZ, RJ
   RIDDLE, MM
   WILLIAMS, WC
TI SPECIES AND STRAIN COMPARISONS OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION BY 2-METHOXYETHANOL
   AND 2-METHOXYACETIC ACID
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ETHYLENE-GLYCOL MONOMETHYL; T-CELL GENERATION; TESTICULAR TOXICITY;
   DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; METHOXYACETIC ACID; ETHER
   EGME; RATS; MICE; SUPPRESSION
AB 2-Methoxyethanol (ME) and its principal metabolite 2-methoxyacetic acid (MAA) have been shown in our laboratory to be immunosuppressive in male Fischer 344 rats. In this study several strains of 12-week-old female rats and mice were used to compare the immunosuppressive activity of equimolar concentrations of ME and MAA on the trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) antibody plaque-forming cell (PFC) response, which we previously demonstrated to be a sensitive end point. Female inbred Lewis, Fischer 344 and Wistar/Furth, and outbred Sprague - Dawley rats were dosed by gavage with either ME or MAA at dosages of 0.33 to 2.64 mmol/kg/day for 10 consecutive days. Female inbred C3H and C57BL/6J, hybrid B6C3F(1), and outbred CD-1 mice were similarly dosed with equimolar dosages of 0.66 to 5.28 mmol/kg/day ME or MAA. All animals were immunized on day 9 of dosing and PFC responses evaluated 3 days later. Suppression of the PFC response was observed in all strains of rats at 2.64 mmol/kg/day ME or MAA. Lewis and Wistar/Furth rats were found to be the most sensitive strains with suppression at levels as low as 0.66 mmol/kg/day ME or MAA. While ME and MAA dosing resulted in suppression of the TNP PFC response in all the rat strains tested, such treatment did not suppress this PFC response in any of the mouse strains examined. These results indicate that under the conditions of this study rats, but not mice, are immunosuppressed by ME and MAA exposure, and that the susceptibility to immunosuppression differs among rat strains.
RP SMIALOWICZ, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 45
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0192-0561
J9 INT J IMMUNOPHARMACO
JI Int. J. Immunopharmacol.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 16
IS 8
BP 695
EP 702
DI 10.1016/0192-0561(94)90143-0
PG 8
WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA PB397
UT WOS:A1994PB39700011
PM 7989138
ER

PT J
AU PERDUE, TD
   BRODY, AR
AF PERDUE, TD
   BRODY, AR
TI DISTRIBUTION OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA-1, FIBRONECTIN, AND
   SMOOTH-MUSCLE ACTIN IN ASBESTOS-INDUCED PULMONARY FIBROSIS IN RATS
SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE ASBESTOS; TGF-BETA; FIBRONECTIN; SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN; INTERSTITIAL
   FIBROSIS
ID BETA TGF-BETA; LUNG FIBROBLASTS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; ALVEOLAR
   MACROPHAGES; CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS; IN-VITRO; DEPOSITION PATTERN; FIBROTIC
   LUNG; CELLS; EXPRESSION
AB We are studying the development of fibrogenic lesions in the lungs of rats exposed briefly to an aerosol of chrysotile asbestos fibers. This model of asbestosis has enabled us to establish very early cellular events at the specific locations where interstitial fibrosis will develop. These sites, the first alveolar duct bifurcations, are where the fibers are initially deposited and where macrophages first accumulate. In the studies presented here, we used immunohistochemical techniques to show that these macrophages exhibit strong localization of transforming growth factor-beta. In the adjacent developing fibrogenic lesions a clear increase in fibronectin staining was demonstrated and morphological analysis indicated a significant increase in amounts of smooth muscle actin. Such studies are essential in furthering out understanding of the distribution of potential mediators of the fibrogenic process and the cellular responses they elicit during the pathogenesis of disease.
C1 TULANE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112.
   NATL INST ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,PULM PATHOBIOL LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
NR 61
TC 51
Z9 52
U1 0
U2 0
PU HISTOCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI NEW YORK
PA MT SINAI MEDICAL CENTER 19 EAST 98TH ST SUTIE 9G, NEW YORK, NY 10029
SN 0022-1554
J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM
JI J. Histochem. Cytochem.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 42
IS 8
BP 1061
EP 1070
PG 10
WC Cell Biology
SC Cell Biology
GA NY890
UT WOS:A1994NY89000004
PM 8027525
ER

PT J
AU OCALLAGHAN, JP
   MILLER, DB
AF OCALLAGHAN, JP
   MILLER, DB
TI NEUROTOXICITY PROFILES OF SUBSTITUTED AMPHETAMINES IN THE C57BL/6J MOUSE
SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; LONG-LASTING DEPLETIONS; SEROTONIN UPTAKE
   SITES; RAT-BRAIN; DOPAMINE RELEASE; REACTIVE GLIOSIS; NERVE-TERMINALS;
   DL-FENFLURAMINE; METHAMPHETAMINE; MDMA
AB Dopaminergic (DA) and serotonergic (5-HT) projections to striatum and cortex have been implicated as the primary targets of substituted amphetamine (AMP)-induced neurotoxicity, largely on the basis of the propensity of these compounds to cause protracted decrements in DA and 5-HT rather than on the basis of AMP-induced alterations of indices linked to neural damage. Moreover, most studies of AMP-induced neurotoxicity, regardless of the endpoints assessed, have been conducted using a rat model; relatively little attention has been focused on the effects of these compounds in the mouse. Here, we evaluated the potential neurotoxic effects of d-methamphetamine (dMETH), d-methylenedioxyamphetamine (d-MDA), d-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (d-MDMA) and d-fenfluramine (d-FEN) in the C57BL6/J mouse. Astrogliosis, assessed by quantification of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), was taken as the main index of AMP-induced neural damage. A silver degeneration stain also was used to obtain direct evidence of AMP-induced neuronal damage. Assays of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), DA and 5-HT were used to assess effects on DA and 5-HT systems. Mice received d-METH (10 mg/kg), d-MDA (20 mg/kg), d-MDMA (20 mg/kg) or d-FEN (25 mg/kg) every 2 hr for a total of four s.c. injections. d-METH, d-MDA and d-MDMA caused a large (300%) increase in striatal GFAP that resolved by 3 weeks and a 50 to 75% decrease in TH and DA that did not resolve. d-METH, d-MDA and d-MDMA also caused fiber and terminal degeneration in striatum as revealed by silver staining. d-FEN did not affect any parameters in striatum. d-METH, d-MDA and d-MDMA also increased GFAP in cortex, effects that were associated with small (10-25%) and transient decrements in cortical 5-HT. d-FEN caused prolonged (weeks) decrements (20%) in cortical 5-HT but did not affect cortical GFAP. The effects of d-METH, d-MDA and d-MDMA were stereoselective and were blocked by pretreatment with MK-801. Core temperature was slightly elevated by d-METH, d-MDA and d-MDMA but was dramatically lowered by d-FEN. The data suggest that d-METH, d-MDA and d-MDMA, but not d-FEN, produce damage to neural elements of mouse striatum and cortex.
RP OCALLAGHAN, JP (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013
FU NIDA NIH HHS [NIDA IAG RA-ND-89-4]
NR 65
TC 314
Z9 316
U1 1
U2 7
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0022-3565
J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER
JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 270
IS 2
BP 741
EP 751
PG 11
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA PD455
UT WOS:A1994PD45500045
PM 8071867
ER

PT J
AU MILLER, DB
   OCALLAGHAN, JP
AF MILLER, DB
   OCALLAGHAN, JP
TI ENVIRONMENT-INDUCED, DRUG-INDUCED AND STRESS-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN
   BODY-TEMPERATURE AFFECT THE NEUROTOXICITY OF SUBSTITUTED AMPHETAMINES IN
   THE C57BL/6J MOUSE
SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CEREBRAL ISCHEMIC-INJURY; PREVENT NEURONAL INJURY; ASTROCYTE RESPONSE;
   BRAIN TEMPERATURE; DOPAMINE RELEASE; RATS; HYPOTHERMIA; DAMAGE;
   METHAMPHETAMINE; 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE
AB In the companion paper we demonstrated that d-methamphetamine (d-METH), d-methylenedioxyamphetamine (d-MDA) and d-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (d-MDMA), but not d-fenfluramine (d-FEN), appear to damage dopaminergic projections to the striatum of the mouse. An elevation in core temperature also was associated with exposure to d-METH, d-MDA and d-MDMA, whereas exposure to d-FEN lowered core temperature. Given these findings, we examined the effects of temperature on substituted amphetamine (AMP)-induced neurotoxicity in the C57BL/6J mouse. Levels of striatal dopamine (DA) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were taken as indicators of neurotoxicity. Alterations in ambient temperature, pretreatment with drugs reported to cause hypothermia in the mouse and hypothermia induced by restraint stress were used to affect AMP-induced neurotoxicity. Mice received d-METH (10 mg/kg), d-MDA (20 mg/kg) or d-MDMA (20 mg/kg) every 2 hr for a total of four s.c. injections. All three AMPs increased core temperature and caused large (>75%) decreases in striatal dopamine and large (>300%) increases in striatal glial fibrillary acidic protein 72 hr after the last injection. Lowering ambient temperature from 22 degrees C to 15 degrees C blocked (d-MDA and d-MDMA) or severely attenuated (d-METH) these effects. Pretreatment with MK-801 lowered core temperature and blocked AMP-induced neurotoxicity; elevation of ambient temperature during this regimen elevated core temperature and markedly attenuated the neuroprotective effects of MK-801. Pretreatment with MK-801 also lowered core temperature in 1-methyl-Cphenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice but did not block 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity. Elevation of ambient temperature during treatment with d-FEN did not result in evidence of neurotoxicity. Pretreatment with drugs that caused hypothermia (ethanol, pentobarbital, diethyldithiocarbamate and d-FEN) blocked or attenuated d-MDMA-induced neurotoxicity. MK-801 and ethanol caused the greatest hypothermia and provided complete protection against d-MDMA-induced neurotoxicity. Likewise, restraining mice during dosing with d-MDMA resulted in severe hypothermia and completely blocked d-MDMA-induced neurotoxicity. These data suggest that the neurotoxic effects of AMPs in the mouse are sensitive to changes in body temperature.
RP MILLER, DB (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD74B,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013
FU NIDA NIH HHS [NIDA IAG RA-ND-89-4]
NR 50
TC 220
Z9 221
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0022-3565
J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER
JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 270
IS 2
BP 752
EP 760
PG 9
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA PD455
UT WOS:A1994PD45500046
PM 8071868
ER

PT J
AU OTT, W
   SWITZER, P
   WILLITS, N
AF OTT, W
   SWITZER, P
   WILLITS, N
TI CARBON-MONOXIDE EXPOSURES INSIDE AN AUTOMOBILE TRAVELING ON AN URBAN
   ARTERIAL HIGHWAY
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
AB Carbon monoxide (CO) exposures were measured inside a motor vehicle during 88 standardized drives on a major urban arterial highway, El Camino Real (traffic volume of 30,500-45,000 vehicles per day), over a 13-1/2 month period. On each trip (lasting between 31 and 61 minutes), the test vehicle drove the same 5.9-mile segment of roadway in both directions, for a total of 11.8 miles, passing through 20 intersections with traffic lights (10 in each direction) in three California cities (Menlo Park, Palo Alto, and Los Altos). Earlier tests showed that the test vehicle was free of CO intrusion. For the 88 trips, the mean CO concentration was 9.8 ppm, with a standard deviation of 5.8 ppm. Of nine covariates thal were examined to explain the variability in the mean CO exposures observed on the 88 trips (ambient CO at two fixed stations, atmospheric stability, seasonal trend function, time of day, average surrounding vehicle count, trip duration, proportion of time stopped at lights, and instrument type), a fairly strong seasonal trend was found. A model consisting of only a single measure of traffic volume and a seasonal trend component had substantial predictive power (R2 = 0.68); by contrast, the ambient CO levels, although partially correlated with average exposures, contributed comparatively little predictive power to the model. The CO exposures experienced while drivers waited at the red lights at an intersection ranged from 6.8 to 14.9 ppm and differed considerably from intersection to intersection. A model also was developed to relate the short-term variability of exposures to averaging time for trip times ranging from 1 to 20 minutes using a variogram approach to deal with the serial autocorrelation. This study shows: (1) the mass balance equation can relate exterior CO concentrations as a function of time to interior CO concentrations; (2) CO exposures on urban arterial highways vary seasonally; (3) momentary CO exposures experienced behind red lights vary with the intersection; and (4) an averaging time model can simulate exposures during short trips (20 minutes or less) on urban arterial highways.
C1 US EPA,HUMAN EXPOSURE & FIELD RES,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
   UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DIV STAT,DAVIS,CA 95616.
RP OTT, W (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT STAT,SEQUOIA HALL 126,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA.
NR 26
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 0
PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC
PI PITTSBURGH
PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230
SN 1047-3289
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 44
IS 8
BP 1010
EP 1018
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA PD116
UT WOS:A1994PD11600007
ER

PT J
AU BUSHNELL, PJ
AF BUSHNELL, PJ
TI STYRENE IMPAIRS SERIAL SPATIAL REVERSAL-LEARNING IN RATS
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE STYRENE; REVERSAL LEARNING
ID OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; EXCITOTOXIC LESIONS; LEAD-EXPOSURE; NEW-JERSEY;
   INHALATION; MONKEYS; WORKERS; PHARMACOKINETICS; ACQUISITION; SUBSTANCES
AB To evaluate the effects of styrene exposure on learning, adult male Long-Evans rats learned repeated reversals of a spatial discrimination task. Styrene monomer (50% vol/vol in corn oil) was administered by gavage to groups of eight rats at 500 mg/kg/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks in Experiments (Exps) I and II (total dose = 20.0 g/kg) or for 1, 3, 5, or 8 weeks in Exp III (total dose = 2.5, 7.5, 12.5, or 20.0 g/kg). Control rats received corn oil vehicle for 8 weeks. Reversal training began 8 (Exp I), 10 (Exp II), or 32 (Exp III) weeks after termination of dosing. In Exp I, an instrumental (IN) schedule was used, under which rats received food after each presentation of a ''positive'' response lever (S+) only if they had made at least one response during that presentation of S+. In Exps II and III, an automaintenance (AU) schedule was used, under which rats received food after every presentation of S+, regardless of responding. In all experiments, a second manipulandum (S degrees) was presented randomly in time with respect to S+ and food delivery. A discrimination ratio (DR) was calculated as the proportion of total responses on S+ in each block of 10 trials. A reversal involved switching the reward values of S+ and S degrees. Serial reversal learning was quantified in terms of trials to criterion. Reversal learning improved similarly in control and treated rats trained under the IN schedule, whereas treated rats trained under the AU schedule failed to improve as much as controls. Reversal learning of some styrene-treated AU rats in Exp III continued to be impaired for >1 year after treatment. Increased responding on S degrees featured prominently in the behavioral effect of styrene. An IN schedule requiring suppression of S degrees responses for food in Exp III revealed a clear deficit in rats exposed to styrene. Not all treated rats were affected by styrene; nevertheless, changes in the affected individuals were as large as those previously observed after trimethyltin-induced lesions of the CNS. The incidence of impairment was not related to the total dose of styrene given, suggesting the action of other, undetermined factors affecting individual sensitivity to styrene.
RP BUSHNELL, PJ (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 53
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 1
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL
PI LARCHMONT
PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538
SN 0730-0913
J9 J AM COLL TOXICOL
JI J. Am. Coll. Toxicol.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 4
BP 279
EP 300
PG 22
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA PG052
UT WOS:A1994PG05200004
ER

PT J
AU DESESSO, JM
   KIMMEL, CA
   KIMMEL, GL
   HOLSON, JF
   SKALKO, RG
   HARRIS, SB
   HENDRICKX, AG
   SCOTT, WJ
AF DESESSO, JM
   KIMMEL, CA
   KIMMEL, GL
   HOLSON, JF
   SKALKO, RG
   HARRIS, SB
   HENDRICKX, AG
   SCOTT, WJ
TI ON THE SUBJECT OF INCORRECT TERMINOLOGY
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
C1 US EPA,REPROD & DEV TOXICOL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
   WIL RES LABS INC,ASHLAND,OH 44805.
   E TENNESSEE STATE UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT ANAT,JOHNSON CITY,TN 37614.
   STEPHEN B HARRIS GRP,SAN DIEGO,CA 92120.
   UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIF PRIMATE RES CTR,DAVIS,CA 95616.
   CHILDRENS HOSP RES FDN,DIV BASIC SCI RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45229.
RP DESESSO, JM (reprint author), MITRE CORP,7525 COLSHIRE DR,MCLEAN,VA 22102, USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL
PI LARCHMONT
PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538
SN 0730-0913
J9 J AM COLL TOXICOL
JI J. Am. Coll. Toxicol.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 4
BP 321
EP 322
PG 2
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA PG052
UT WOS:A1994PG05200009
ER

PT J
AU WILLIAMS, FP
   STETLER, RE
AF WILLIAMS, FP
   STETLER, RE
TI DETECTION OF FRNA COLIPHAGES IN GROUNDWATER - INTERFERENCE WITH THE
   ASSAY BY SOMATIC SALMONELLA BACTERIOPHAGES
SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INDICATORS; POLLUTION; SEWAGE
AB Groundwater samples from two sites in Alabama, USA were plaque assayed for F-specific RNA (FRNA) coliphages using Salmonella typhimurium WG49 as the host bacterium. While numerous plaques were detected with WG49 (a strain possessing Escherichia coli F pill), plaques were also observed with an F- control strain of Salm. typhimurium. Five isolates were plaque purified and examined by electron microscopy. All of the isolate particles were observed to be tailed, with five distinct particle types being differentiated. None of the isolate particles were consistent in morphology with the cubic FRNA coliphages. Host range evaluation supported classification of the isolates as salmonella phages. Somatic salmonella phages have previously been found to interfere with the assay of surface waters for FRNA coliphages. Their detection here demonstrates that such interference is also encountered in the assay of groundwaters.
RP WILLIAMS, FP (reprint author), US EPA,DIV MICROBIOL RES,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,VIROL BRANCH,26 W ML KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA.
NR 8
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL
SN 0266-8254
J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL
JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 19
IS 2
BP 79
EP 82
DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1994.tb00910.x
PG 4
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA PB723
UT WOS:A1994PB72300006
ER

PT J
AU ZIEGELE, DW
AF ZIEGELE, DW
TI EPA CALLS ATTENTION TO UST PROTECTION DEADLINES
SO MATERIALS PERFORMANCE
LA English
DT Letter
RP ZIEGELE, DW (reprint author), US EPA,OFF UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG
PI HOUSTON
PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906
SN 0094-1492
J9 MATER PERFORMANCE
JI Mater. Perform.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 33
IS 8
BP 5
EP 5
PG 1
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA PA365
UT WOS:A1994PA36500006
ER

PT J
AU KLIGERMAN, AD
   BRYANT, MF
   DOERR, CL
   EREXSON, GL
   EVANSKY, PA
   KWANYUEN, P
   MCGEE, JK
AF KLIGERMAN, AD
   BRYANT, MF
   DOERR, CL
   EREXSON, GL
   EVANSKY, PA
   KWANYUEN, P
   MCGEE, JK
TI INHALATION STUDIES OF THE GENOTOXICITY OF TRICHLOROETHYLENE TO RODENTS
SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE TRICHLOROETHYLENE; MICRONUCLEUS; RODENTS; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGE;
   CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS; LYMPHOCYTES
ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; LYMPHOCYTE CULTURE SYSTEM; CHLORAL HYDRATE;
   WORKERS; MICRONUCLEI; CHROMOSOME; EXPOSURE
AB Trichloroethylene (TCE) (CAS No. 79-01-6) is an industrial solvent used in degreasing, dry cleaning, and numerous other medical and industrial processes. Controlled inhalation studies were performed using male C57BL/6 mice and CD rats to determine if TCE can induce cytogenetic damage in vivo. Animals were exposed in groups of five to target concentrations of either 0, 5, 500, or 5000 ppm TCE for 6 h. Tissue samples were taken between 18 and 19 h post exposure. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) in rats and splenocytes in mice were cultured and analyzed for the induction of sister-chromatid exchanges, chromosome aberrations, and micronuclei (MN) in cytochalasin B-blocked binucleated cells. Bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) were analyzed for MN. The only positive response observed was for MN in rat bone marrow PCEs. TCE caused a statistically significant increase in MN at all concentrations, inducing an approximate fourfold increase over control levels at 5000 ppm. TCE was also cytotoxic in rats, causing a significant concentration-related decrease in the ratio of PCEs/normochromatic erythrocytes. This study indicates that there may be species-specific cytogenetic effects attributed to TCE inhalation exposure. In follow-up studies, CD rats were exposed for 6 h/day over 4 consecutive days to either 0, 5, 50, or 500 ppm TCE. No statistically significant concentration-related increases in cytogenetic damage were observed. While the MN frequencies in the 4-day study were comparable to those at the equivalent concentrations in the 1-day study, they were not significantly elevated due to an unusually high MN frequency in the controls. A subsequent replication of the 1-day 5000 ppm TCE exposure with rats again showed a highly significant increase in MN frequencies compared to concurrent controls.
C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RP KLIGERMAN, AD (reprint author), US EPA,DEPT GENET TOXICOL,MAIL DROP 68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27710, USA.
NR 30
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-1218
J9 MUTAT RES-GENET TOX
JI Mutat. Res.-Genet. Toxicol.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 322
IS 2
BP 87
EP 96
DI 10.1016/0165-1218(94)00013-1
PG 10
WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA PM070
UT WOS:A1994PM07000002
PM 7519326
ER

PT J
AU STOHR, C
   DARMODY, RG
   FRANK, TD
   ELHANCE, AP
   LUNETTA, R
   WORTHY, D
   OCONNORSHORESMAN, K
AF STOHR, C
   DARMODY, RG
   FRANK, TD
   ELHANCE, AP
   LUNETTA, R
   WORTHY, D
   OCONNORSHORESMAN, K
TI CLASSIFICATION OF DEPRESSIONS IN LANDFILL COVERS USING UNCALIBRATED
   THERMAL-INFRARED IMAGERY
SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Remote Sensing in Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, at
   the 36th Annual Meeting of the Association-of-Engineering-Geologists
CY OCT   14, 1993
CL SAN ANTONIO, TX
SP ASSOC ENGN GEOLOGISTS, AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY REMOTE SENSING
AB A two-step analysis was used to classify depressions developed in covers of two landfills:  (1) manual delineation of depressions by stereoscopic, aerial photographic interpretation, followed by (2) classification of depressions according to infiltration characteristics using uncalibrated, nighttime, airborne, thermal IR imagery.  Depressions were delineated as landforms according to their topographic expression using color infrared aerial photography.
   Classification of depressions into Type I or Type II was made by comparison of mean values of the digital numbers (exitance) inside and outside of a depression (interdepressional area).  Samples are taken along a single scan line in order to eliminate variations caused by the gain adjustment of the scanner.  Comparison of sample means of digital numbers was made using the t-test.  The use of the two-step method will permit early detection of apparent infiltration characteristics of depressions formed in landfill covers.
C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820.
   UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT GEOG,GEOG INFORMAT SYST LAB,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,DIV ADV MONITORING,REMOTE & AIR MONITORING BRANCH,LAS VEGAS,NV 89125.
   US EPA,N AMER LANDSCAPE CHARACTERIZAT LANDSAT PATHFINDER PROJECT,LAS VEGAS,NV 89125.
RP STOHR, C (reprint author), ILLINOIS STATE GEOL SURVEY,615 E PEABODY DR,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820, USA.
NR 13
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160
SN 0099-1112
J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S
JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 60
IS 8
BP 1019
EP 1028
PG 10
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing;
   Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
GA PN910
UT WOS:A1994PN91000013
ER

PT J
AU SMITH, RL
AF SMITH, RL
TI USE OF A MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION FOR HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AT THE
   SUPERFUND SITE
SO RISK ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE RISK; MONTE-CARLO; VOLATILE SOLVENTS; DRINKING WATER; INDOOR AIR
ID UNITED-STATES; DISTRIBUTIONS
AB This work presents a comparison of probabilistic and deterministic health risk estimates based on data from an industrial site in the northeastern United States. The risk assessment considered exposures to volatile solvents by drinking water ingestion and showering. Probability densities used as inputs included concentrations, contact rates, and exposure frequencies; dose-response inputs were single values. Deterministic risk estimates were calculated by the ''reasonable maximum exposure'' (RME) approach recommended by the EPA Superfund program. The RME non-carcinogenic risk fell between the 90th and the 95th percentile of the probability density; the RME cancer risk fell between the 95th percentile and the maximum. These results suggest that in this case (1) EPA's deterministic RME risk was reasonably protective, (2) results of probabilistic and deterministic calculations were consistent, and (3) commercially available software Monte Carlo software effectively provided multiple risk estimates recommended by recent EPA guidance.
RP SMITH, RL (reprint author), US EPA,REG 3,841 CHESTNUT ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107, USA.
NR 14
TC 47
Z9 49
U1 0
U2 5
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0272-4332
J9 RISK ANAL
JI Risk Anal.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 14
IS 4
BP 433
EP 439
DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00261.x
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics,
   Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical
   Methods In Social Sciences
GA PK031
UT WOS:A1994PK03100007
PM 7972953
ER

PT J
AU KOGLIN, EN
   WILLIAMS, LR
AF KOGLIN, EN
   WILLIAMS, LR
TI TESTING, PERFORMANCE VALIDATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE QUALITY-CONTROL OF
   FIELD-PORTABLE INSTRUMENTATION
SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
AB All involved with the cost-effective cleanup of contaminated sites share concern over the prolonged process leading to acceptance and application of field-portable instrumentation. Those willing to take a risk have developed track records for the new technologies and have accelerated the acceptance of cost-effective tools for problem solving and monitoring the environment. A process that requires a 'champion' to move each new technology forward is not the most desirable one for timely, effective transfer of that technology. This article describes some barriers to the acceptance of innovative and emerging technologies and proposes a strategy for testing technologies and evaluating data generated during a test. It also discusses quality assurance and quality control considerations as they apply to both the acceptance and the successful implementation of the new technologies for site characterization.
RP KOGLIN, EN (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA.
NR 6
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-9936
J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM
JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 7
BP 294
EP 299
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA PC538
UT WOS:A1994PC53800012
ER

PT J
AU PARSONS, GR
   KEALY, MJ
AF PARSONS, GR
   KEALY, MJ
TI BENEFITS TRANSFER IN A RANDOM UTILITY MODEL OF RECREATION
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID STATISTICAL PROPERTIES; LAKE RECREATION; ELASTICITIES
AB We divide a data set on lake recreation in Wisconsin into two nonoverlapping samples, Milwaukee residents and non-Milwaukee residents. We then consider several hypothetical benefit transfers from a non-Milwaukee-based random utility model to Milwaukee residents. All transfers are for measuring water quality improvements. We consider transfers in which we assume no information on Milwaukee residents, limited (no behavioral) information, and some behavioral information. We consider simple transfers, model transfers, and updated transfers. In all cases we test the viability of the transfer by comparing it with benefits estimated from a random utility model estimated over the Milwaukee sample, which in effect is our ''true'' model. The values from the model and updated transfers typically deviated less than 10% from the true values. Confidence intervals are estimated by using the Krinsky-Robb procedure for all of the benefit measures computed from the random utility model.
C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460.
   UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT ECON,NEWARK,DE 19716.
RP PARSONS, GR (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,COLL MARINE STUDIES,NEWARK,DE 19716, USA.
NR 16
TC 43
Z9 44
U1 2
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 30
IS 8
BP 2477
EP 2484
DI 10.1029/94WR01047
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
   Resources
GA NZ257
UT WOS:A1994NZ25700012
ER

PT J
AU SHANOFF, B
AF SHANOFF, B
TI FLOW-CONTROL RULED DISCRIMINATORY
SO WORLD WASTES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP SHANOFF, B (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ARGUS BUSINESS
PI PITTSFIELD
PA PO BOX 5111, PITTSFIELD, MA 01203-9830
SN 0161-035X
J9 WORLD WASTE
PD AUG
PY 1994
VL 37
IS 8
BP 143
EP 143
PG 1
WC Engineering, Environmental
SC Engineering
GA PC546
UT WOS:A1994PC54600019
ER

PT J
AU SCHOOR, WP
   PLUMB, JA
AF SCHOOR, WP
   PLUMB, JA
TI INDUCTION OF NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE IN CHANNEL CATFISH
   ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS BY EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI
SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
LA English
DT Note
DE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; CHANNEL CATFISH; EDWARDSIELLA ICTALURI
ID PURIFICATION; RAT; MACROPHAGES; ENZYME; BRAIN
AB Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were injected intraperitoneally with live cells of Edwardsiella ictaluri and held in flow-through tanks for 5 d. The head kidneys from injected and control fish were removed and the nitric oxide synthase activity measured. Activities found were 0.16 +/- 0.05 nmol L-citrulline formed mg(-1) protein min(-1) for the injected fish, and 0.002 nmol mg(-1) min(-1) for the control fish.
C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & ALLIED AQUACULTURES,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849.
RP SCHOOR, WP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,1 SABINE DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA.
NR 15
TC 37
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 1
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0177-5103
J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN
JI Dis. Aquat. Org.
PD JUL 28
PY 1994
VL 19
IS 2
BP 153
EP 155
DI 10.3354/dao019153
PG 3
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA PJ763
UT WOS:A1994PJ76300011
ER

PT J
AU GOLDMAN, LR
   CARRA, J
AF GOLDMAN, LR
   CARRA, J
TI CHILDHOOD LEAD-POISONING IN 1994
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP GOLDMAN, LR (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PREVENT PESTICIDES & TOX SUBSTANCES,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
RI Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012
NR 7
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD JUL 27
PY 1994
VL 272
IS 4
BP 315
EP 316
DI 10.1001/jama.272.4.315
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA NX806
UT WOS:A1994NX80600036
PM 8028147
ER

PT J
AU MACKENZIE, WR
   HOXIE, NJ
   PROCTOR, ME
   GRADUS, MS
   BLAIR, KA
   PETERSON, DE
   KAZMIERCZAK, JJ
   ADDISS, DG
   FOX, KR
   ROSE, JB
   DAVIS, JP
AF MACKENZIE, WR
   HOXIE, NJ
   PROCTOR, ME
   GRADUS, MS
   BLAIR, KA
   PETERSON, DE
   KAZMIERCZAK, JJ
   ADDISS, DG
   FOX, KR
   ROSE, JB
   DAVIS, JP
TI A MASSIVE OUTBREAK IN MILWAUKEE OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION TRANSMITTED
   THROUGH THE PUBLIC WATER-SUPPLY
SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID DRINKING-WATER; SURFACE-WATER; GIARDIA; IMMUNOCOMPETENT; TRANSMISSION;
   DIARRHEA
AB Background. Early in the spring of 1993 there was a widespread outbreak of acute watery diarrhea among the residents of Milwaukee.
   Methods. We investigated the two Milwaukee water-treatment plants, gathered data from clinical laboratories on the results of tests for enteric pathogens, and examined ice made during the time of the outbreak for cryptosporidium oocysts. We surveyed residents with confirmed cryptosporidium infection and a sample of those with acute watery diarrhea consistent with cryptosporidium infection. To estimate the magnitude of the outbreak, we also conducted a survey using randomly selected telephone numbers in Milwaukee and four surrounding counties.
   Results. There were marked increases in the turbidity of treated water at the city's southern water-treatment plant from March 23 until April 9, when the plant was shut down. Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified in water from ice made in southern Milwaukee during these weeks. The rates of isolation of other enteric pathogens remained stable, but there was more than a 100-fold increase in the rate of isolation of cryptosporidium. The median duration of illness was 9 days (range, 1 to 55). The median maximal number of stools per day was 12 (range, 1 to 90). Among 285 people surveyed who had laboratory-confirmed cryptosporidiosis, the clinical manifestations included watery diarrhea (in 93 percent), abdominal cramps (in 84 percent), fever (in 57 percent), and vomiting (in 48 percent). We estimate that 403,000 people had watery diarrhea attributable to this outbreak.
   Conclusions. This massive outbreak of watery diarrhea was caused by cryptosporidium oocysts that passed through the filtration system of one of the city's water-treatment plants. Water-quality standards and the testing of patients for cryptosporidium were not adequate to detect this outbreak.
C1 WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,BUR PUBL HLTH,MADISON,WI 53703.
   CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
   CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
   CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
   MILWAUKEE DEPT HLTH,MILWAUKEE,WI.
   BUR LABS,MILWAUKEE,WI.
   UNIV S FLORIDA,TAMPA,FL.
   US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
RI Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013
OI Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339
NR 32
TC 1165
Z9 1210
U1 13
U2 105
PU MASS MEDICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115
SN 0028-4793
J9 NEW ENGL J MED
JI N. Engl. J. Med.
PD JUL 21
PY 1994
VL 331
IS 3
BP 161
EP 167
DI 10.1056/NEJM199407213310304
PG 7
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA NW797
UT WOS:A1994NW79700004
PM 7818640
ER

PT J
AU SCHROEDER, P
AF SCHROEDER, P
TI CARBON STORAGE BENEFITS OF AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS
SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMATE CHANGE; CARBON DYNAMICS; DEFORESTATION
AB The process of land degradation is a local phenomenon that occurs field by field.  Because of the extent at which it is occurring, however, it also has a global dimension.  Agroforestry represents a link between the local and global scales.  From the farmer's perspective, agroforestry can be a way to increase crop yields and the diversity of products grown.  An additional benefit is the creation of a carbon sink that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.  Successful agroforestry systems will also reduce land clearing and maintain carbon in existing vegetation.  An extensive literature survey was conducted to evaluate the carbon dynamics of agroforestry practices and to assess their potential to store carbon.  Data on tree growth and wood production were converted to estimates of carbon storage.  Surveyed literature showed that median carbon storage by agroforestry practices was 9 tC/ha in semi-arid, 21 tC/ha in sub-humid, 50 tC/ha in humid, and 63 tC/ha in temperate ecozones.  The limited survey information available substantiated the concept that implementing agroforestry practices can help reduce deforestation.
RP SCHROEDER, P (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA.
NR 0
TC 48
Z9 53
U1 1
U2 11
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-4366
J9 AGROFOREST SYST
JI Agrofor. Syst.
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 27
IS 1
BP 89
EP 97
DI 10.1007/BF00704837
PG 9
WC Agronomy; Forestry
SC Agriculture; Forestry
GA PQ395
UT WOS:A1994PQ39500008
ER

PT J
AU GORDON, CJ
AF GORDON, CJ
TI 24-HOUR CONTROL OF BODY-TEMPERATURE IN RATS .I. INTEGRATION OF
   BEHAVIORAL AND AUTONOMIC EFFECTORS
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE SELECTED AMBIENT TEMPERATURE; MOTOR ACTIVITY; CORE TEMPERATURE; HEART
   RATE; TEMPERATURE REGULATION
ID CIRCADIAN-RHYTHM; THERMOREGULATION; MAMMALS
AB Some studies suggest that the nocturnal elevation in core temperature (T-c) of the rat is mediated by an elevation in the set point. The role of set point can be assessed if behavioral effecters are measured simultaneously with other thermoregulatory effecters and T-c over a 24-h period. Selected ambient temperature (STa) and motor activity (MA) were measured in rats housed in a temperature gradient system with a 12:12-h photoperiod (lights on 0600 h). T-c and heart rate (HR) were monitored by telemetry. During the light phase, STa, T-c, HR, and MA were relatively stable with values 29.0 degrees C, 37.1 degrees C, 310 beats/min, and 1-2 m/h, respectively. During the light-to-dark transition there were abrupt elevations in T-c, HR, and MA but no change in STa. STa decreased during the dark phase and reached a nadir of 23 degrees C at 0500 h. All variables recovered to basal levels within 3-4 h after the onset of the Light phase. Overall, autonomic effecters control the elevation in T-c during the onset of the dark phase while behavioral effecters have little if any role. Behavioral thermoregulation is important in two ways: 1) the selection of cooler T-a values at night to prevent an excess elevation in T-c and 2) a preference for cooler T-a values before the light phase to facilitate the recovery of T-c.
RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,DIV HLTH EFFECTS RES,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 23
TC 55
Z9 55
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814
SN 0002-9513
J9 AM J PHYSIOL
JI Am. J. Physiol.
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 267
IS 1
BP R71
EP R77
PN 2
PG 7
WC Physiology
SC Physiology
GA NY985
UT WOS:A1994NY98500061
PM 8048648
ER

PT J
AU SAOUTER, E
   BLATTMANN, B
AF SAOUTER, E
   BLATTMANN, B
TI ANALYSES OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC MERCURY BY ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE
   SPECTROMETRY USING A SEMIAUTOMATIC ANALYTICAL SYSTEM
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID 2-STAGE GOLD AMALGAMATION; GAS-PHASE DETECTION; ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY;
   SODIUM TETRAETHYLBORATE; METHYL-MERCURY; SELECTIVE DETERMINATION;
   LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES;
   CONTINUOUS-FLOW
AB The present work describes an improved method for the determination of total and organic mercury by decreasing analysis time (use of a dual circuit), sample size, and handling procedures and eliminating the need for a clean room condition while maintaining the detection limit below the parts per trillion (pptr) level. Total mercury was analyzed after reduction by a one-stage gold amalgamation before transfer to an atomic fluorescence spectrometer. The detection limit was 0.07 ng L(-1) for aqueous samples and 1 ng g(-1) for biological tissue. Analysis time was 5 min. Organic mercury was first derivatized using sodium tetraethylborate and then trapped onto a graphitized carbon trap before transfer to an isothermally controlled GC column coupled to a cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometer. The detection limit for methylmercury was 0.05 ng L(-1) for aqueous samples and 1.4 ng g(-1) for biological tissue. Samples were analyzed in 10 min. The outlined analytical protocol permits a semiautomation of both inorganic and organic mercury analyses.
C1 AVANTI CORP,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561.
RP SAOUTER, E (reprint author), UNIV W FLORIDA,US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CTR ENVIRONM DIAGNOST & BIOREMEDIAT,1 SABINE ISL DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA.
NR 29
TC 56
Z9 60
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD JUL 1
PY 1994
VL 66
IS 13
BP 2031
EP 2037
DI 10.1021/ac00085a018
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA NU493
UT WOS:A1994NU49300019
ER

PT J
AU GRIFOLL, M
   SELIFONOV, SA
   CHAPMAN, PJ
AF GRIFOLL, M
   SELIFONOV, SA
   CHAPMAN, PJ
TI EVIDENCE FOR A NOVEL PATHWAY IN THE DEGRADATION OF FLUORENE BY
   PSEUDOMONAS SP STRAIN F274
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RING FISSION-PRODUCTS; ANGULAR
   DIOXYGENATION; GENOTOXIC COMPONENTS; BACTERIAL OXIDATION; TOLUENE
   DIOXYGENASE; ETHER BONDS; METABOLISM; IDENTIFICATION; DIBENZOFURAN
AB A fluorene-utilizing microorganism, identified as a species of Pseudomonas, was isolated from soil severely contaminated from creosote use and was shown to accumulate six major metabolites from fluorene in washed-cell incubations. Five of these products were identified as 9-fluorenol, 9-fluorenone, (+)-1,1a-dihydroxy-1-hydro-9-fluorenone, 8-hydroxy-3,4-benzocoumarin, and phthalic acid. This last compound was also identified in growing cultures supported by fluorene. Fluorene assimilation into cell biomass was estimated to be approximately 50%. The structures of accumulated products indicate that a previously undescribed pathway of fluorene catabolism is employed by Pseudomonas sp. strain F274. This pathway involves oxygenation of fluorene at C-9 to give 9-fluorenol, which is then dehydrogenated to the corresponding ketone, 9-fluorenone. Dioxygenase attack on 9-fluorenone adjacent to the carbonyl group gives an angular diol, 1,1a-dihydroxy-1-hydro-9-fluorenone. Identification of 8-hydroxy-3,4-benzocoumarin and phthalic acid suggests that the five-membered ring of the angular diol is opened first and that the resulting 2'-carboxy derivative of 2,3-dihydroxy-biphenyl is catabolized by reactions analogous to those of biphenyl degradation, leading to the formation of phthalic acid. Cell extracts of fluorene-grown cells possessed high levels of an enzyme characteristic of phthalate catabolism, 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate decarboxylase, together with protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase. On the basis of these findings, a pathway of fluorene degradation is proposed to account for its conversion to intermediary metabolites. A range of compounds with structures similar to that of fluorene was acted on by fluorene-grown cells to give products consistent with the initial reactions proposed.
C1 UNIV W FLORIDA,CTR ENVIRONM DIAGNOST & BIOREMEDIAT,PENSACOLA,FL 32514.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561.
RP GRIFOLL, M (reprint author), UNIV BARCELONA,DEPT MICROBIOL,DIAGONAL 645,E-08028 BARCELONA,SPAIN.
RI Grifoll, Magdalena/G-1131-2016
NR 44
TC 82
Z9 84
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 60
IS 7
BP 2438
EP 2449
PG 12
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA NV572
UT WOS:A1994NV57200035
PM 8074523
ER

PT J
AU MIDDAUGH, DP
   GENTHNER, FJ
AF MIDDAUGH, DP
   GENTHNER, FJ
TI INFECTIVITY AND TERATOGENICITY OF BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA IN
   MENIDIA-BERYLLINA EMBRYOS
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID EXTRACELLULAR PROTEASE; SELF-INHIBITOR; INSECT; IDENTIFICATION;
   PATHOGENICITY; PURIFICATION; CUTICLE
AB Developing embryos of the inland silverside fish, Menidia beryllina, were exposed to conidiospores of the insect pathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, that possessed activity against the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes. Various adverse;effects were observed in Menidia beryllina embryos and larvae. They included rupture of the chorion, embryo death, developmental defects (vertebral abnormalities) in the embryo or hatched larvae, and fungal infections on the mandibles of larvae. Although there was little evidence of a definitive dose-response trend based on densities of viable conidiospores, statistically significant (p less than or equal to 0.01) responses were observed in tests in which conidiospore densities were as low as 7.1 x 10(3)/ml and as high as 1.3 x 10(6)/ml. Viable spores were required for adverse effects to occur; heat-killed spores failed to cause significant adverse effects.
RP MIDDAUGH, DP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,1 SABINE ISL DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA.
NR 41
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 27
IS 1
BP 95
EP 102
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA NK798
UT WOS:A1994NK79800016
PM 8024326
ER

PT J
AU MILFORD, JB
   GAO, DF
   ZAFIRAKOU, A
   PIERCE, TE
AF MILFORD, JB
   GAO, DF
   ZAFIRAKOU, A
   PIERCE, TE
TI OZONE PRECURSOR LEVELS AND RESPONSES TO EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS - ANALYSIS
   OF REGIONAL OXIDANT MODEL RESULTS
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE OZONE MODELING; REACTIVE NITROGEN; CONTROL STRATEGIES
ID NITROGEN-OXIDES; AIR
AB An analysis of results from the Regional Oxidant Modeling for Northeast Transport (ROMNET) study (U.S. EPA, 1991, EPA-450/4-91-002a) has investigated the chemical conditions under which air quality was predicted to improve with reductions in ROG and/or NOx emissions, or with changes in the composition of ROG emissions. The ROMNET simulations used emissions projected to the year 2005, with meteorological conditions from July 1988. Predicted concentrations of PAN, HNO3, H2O2 and HCHO are shown along with O-3 for the 2005 base case, allowing limited comparisons to be made with field observations and results from other modeling studies. Predicted secondary pollutant concentrations indicate an unusual degree of photochemical activity over much of the model domain, directionally consistent with the extreme nature of the July 1988 episode. Reducing NOx emissions was predicted to reduce O-3 in grid cells in which reactive nitrogen (NOy) concentrations were below about 25 ppb, but to be counterproductive for some cells with higher NOy. The New York City area where NOx control was predicted to be counterproductive was characterized by very high NOx to NOy ratios. Ozone was relatively insensitive to ROG controls in grid cells with NOy concentrations below 5-10 ppb. Comparison of unweighted ROG concentrations with concentrations weighted by HO rate constants (i.e. reactivity) showed that the latter varied less across locations. Predicted spatial gradients of NOy were generally sharper than those of reactivity-weighted ROG, supporting a dominant role for variations in NOy in controlling the sensitivity of ozone to its precursors. Reductions in reactivity-weighted ROG achieved with composition changes were similar to reductions achieved with ROG emissions cuts, explaining the similar response of ozone to these two control strategies.
C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LABS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP MILFORD, JB (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,STORRS,CT 06269, USA.
OI Milford, Jana/0000-0002-8573-4737
NR 21
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 12
BP 2093
EP 2104
DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90476-6
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA PE874
UT WOS:A1994PE87400012
ER

PT J
AU JOHNSON, JM
AF JOHNSON, JM
TI RECYCLING POTENTIAL AT FEDERAL-PRISON
SO BIOCYCLE
LA English
DT Article
RP JOHNSON, JM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU JG PRESS, INC
PI EMMAUS
PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049
SN 0276-5055
J9 BIOCYCLE
JI Biocycle
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 35
IS 7
BP 70
EP 71
PG 2
WC Ecology; Soil Science
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture
GA NY670
UT WOS:A1994NY67000016
ER

PT J
AU KLINEFELTER, GR
   LASKEY, JW
   KELCE, WR
   FERRELL, J
   ROBERTS, NL
   SUAREZ, JD
   SLOTT, V
AF KLINEFELTER, GR
   LASKEY, JW
   KELCE, WR
   FERRELL, J
   ROBERTS, NL
   SUAREZ, JD
   SLOTT, V
TI CHLOROETHYLMETHANESULFONATE-INDUCED EFFECTS ON THE EPIDIDYMIS SEEM
   UNRELATED TO ALTERED LEYDIG-CELL FUNCTION
SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
LA English
DT Article
ID ETHANE DIMETHANESULFONATE; ADULT-RATS; TESTOSTERONE; SPERMATOZOA;
   ANDROGEN
AB Decades ago it was reported that when male rats were exposed to chloroethylmethanesulfonate (CEMS) for 5 days prior to weekly matings with untreated females, the second mating resulted in reduced litter size. Since fertility was not assessed at earlier time points, it was not possible to determine whether CEMS exerted any effects on sperm in the epididymis. In this study, we used a 4-day exposure and assessed multiple reproductive endpoints on Day 5 to characterize effects of CEMS exposure (6.25-25 mg/kg) on Leydig cells and the epididymis. Exposure to CEMS caused a dose-related decline in serum testosterone (T) levels. This occurred at a dose lower than that required to decrease T production in vitro by testicular parenchyma. The in vitro decline was not attributed to a decrease in maximal hCG-stimulated T production, but to a decrease in unstimulated T production. CEMS was 5-fold less sensitive than ethane dimethanesulfonate (EDS) in reducing maximal hCG-stimulated T production. To control for alterations in the epididymis resulting from decreased serum T alone, T was implanted in CEMS-treated animals to maintain serum T at a concentration similar to that found in normal rats. This exogenous T failed to prevent the CEMS-induced decrease in the weight of the caput/corpus epididymidis but did prevent the CEMS-induced decrease in seminal vesicle weight. Implantation of T failed to prevent the CEMS-induced reduction in sperm reserves in the cauda epididymidis, and it failed to prevent the CEMS-induced alterations in the histology of both the corpus and proximal cauda epididymidis. The height of the epithelium in both of these regions was increased, and clear cells disappeared from the proximal cauda epididymidis. These results demonstrate that CEMS might alter the ability of the Leydig cell to respond to LH stimulation in vivo, and that alterations in the structure and function of the epididymis occur even when the serum concentration of T is maintained.
C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP KLINEFELTER, GR (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 21
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 1
PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION
PI MADISON
PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021
SN 0006-3363
J9 BIOL REPROD
JI Biol. Reprod.
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 51
IS 1
BP 82
EP 91
DI 10.1095/biolreprod51.1.82
PG 10
WC Reproductive Biology
SC Reproductive Biology
GA NQ950
UT WOS:A1994NQ95000009
PM 7918878
ER

PT J
AU GALLAGHER, J
   HEINRICH, U
   GEORGE, M
   HENDEE, L
   PHILLIPS, DH
   LEWTAS, J
AF GALLAGHER, J
   HEINRICH, U
   GEORGE, M
   HENDEE, L
   PHILLIPS, DH
   LEWTAS, J
TI FORMATION OF DNA-ADDUCTS IN RAT LUNG FOLLOWING CHRONIC INHALATION OF
   DIESEL EMISSIONS, CARBON-BLACK AND TITANIUM-DIOXIDE PARTICLES
SO CARCINOGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
ID ENGINE LUBRICATING OILS; P-32-POSTLABELING ANALYSIS; RESPIRATORY-TRACT;
   COVALENT BINDING; MOUSE SKIN; COAL-TAR; EXHAUST; MICE; ENHANCEMENT;
   SENSITIVITY
AB Exposure of rats to diesel emissions results in the development of lung tumors. The objective of this study was to determine whether the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitro-PAHs or other polycyclic organic matter adsorbed to diesel particles induces the formation of DNA adducts in the lung when compared to particles with little or no adsorbed organic matter. Rats were exposed to diesel emissions containing particles with over 30% solvent-extractable adsorbed organic matter and to particles with <0.1% adsorbed organic matter (carbon black particles and TiO2). Wistar rats were exposed to diesel emissions (7.5 mg/m(3)) for 2 months, 6 months and 2 years and for 2 years to carbon black (11.3 mg/m(3)) and TiO2 particles (10.4 mg/m(3)) to compare tumorigenic response and DNA adduct formation in the lung. Two versions of the P-32-postlabeling assay for the detection of DNA adducts were used to tentatively identify nitrated-amine or arylamine adducts formed relative to other nitro PAH based on the demonstrated sensitivity of these adducts to nuclease P1 treatment. Total adduct levels were determined for peripheral lung tissue DNA as detected in a diagonal radioactive zone. One major adduct which migrated outside this region (adduct 1) and a nuclease P1-sensitive adduct (adduct 2) were quantitated separately. Adduct 1 increased significantly over time in the filtered air exposed animals but decreased markedly at the 2 year time points regardless of particle type, presumably as a result of adduct dilution through de novo cell synthesis or cell proliferation invoked in response to particle loading and/or effect on the endogenous synthesis or degradation of DNA reactive moieties. The nuclease sensitive adduct (adduct 2), possibly resulting from exposure to nitro-PAHs, was detected in diesel-exposed rats but was not detected in the rats exposed to TiO2 and carbon black. No significant elevation in PAH-derived adducts, relative to the filtered air controls, was observed in the rodents exposed to diesel emission. Our data suggest that long-term contact with these particles may result in a cell proliferative response, enhanced degradation of I-compounds not related to cell proliferation, and/or synthesis of I-compounds, irrespective of the differences in organic content associated with the three particle types. This response may be an important factor in explaining the reported similarity in tumorigenic response in rodents exposed to diesel emissions, carbon black and TiO2 particles.
C1 US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA.
   FRAUNHOFER INST TOXICOL & AEROSOL RES, FRAUNHOFER INST TOXIKOL & AEROSOLFORSCH, D-30625 HANNOVER, GERMANY.
   INTEGRATED LAB SYST, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA.
   INST CANC RES, HADDOW LABS, SUTTON SM2 5NG, SURREY, ENGLAND.
NR 39
TC 97
Z9 100
U1 0
U2 7
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0143-3334
J9 CARCINOGENESIS
JI Carcinogenesis
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 7
BP 1291
EP 1299
DI 10.1093/carcin/15.7.1291
PG 9
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA NW755
UT WOS:A1994NW75500001
PM 7518360
ER

PT J
AU DRAGAN, YP
   HULLY, JR
   NAKAMURA, J
   MASS, MJ
   SWENBERG, JA
   PITOT, HC
AF DRAGAN, YP
   HULLY, JR
   NAKAMURA, J
   MASS, MJ
   SWENBERG, JA
   PITOT, HC
TI BIOCHEMICAL EVENTS DURING INITIATION OF RAT HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS
SO CARCINOGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; LIVER DNA;
   CELL-PROLIFERATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; PLACENTAL FORM; GST-P; CHEMICAL
   HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; POSITIVE HEPATOCYTES; MODIFIED NUCLEOSIDES
AB Carcinogenesis is a multistep, multistage process that begins with irreversible, but heritable damage to a single cell. The partial hepatectomy/diethylnitrosamine (DEN) model of rat hepatocarcinogenesis has been well characterized and many aspects of the stage of initiation are known. Recently, it has been suggested that hepatocytes expressing the placental isozyme of glutathione S-transferase (PGST) may be one population of initiated cells. Male Fischer rats were subjected to a 70% partial hepatectomy and at the peak of cell proliferation 24 h later were administered either the solvent trioctanoin, or 10 mg DEN/kg. The rats were administered 100 mg bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/kg 1 h prior to death at various times after DEN administration. Since initiation of the carcinogenesis process requires the division of cells containing DNA damage to induce mutations, we examined the concentration of alkylated adducts and the labeling index at various times after DEN administration. In addition, the time course of hepatic PGST expression was determined concurrent with the adduct concentration and labeling index. During the first day after DEN or solvent administration to a rat subjected to a 70% partial hepatectomy, a diurnal variation in labeling index was observed. A recovery to postsurgical labeling index levels was demonstrated for both the solvent- and DEN-treated groups by 7 days. The concentration of three promutagenic lesions was maximal at 6 h after DEN administration. The detectable level of the O(6)EG adduct was negligible by 24 h after DEN administration, while the two O-alkylpyrimidines, O(2)ET and O(4)ET, were retained for much longer periods. Single hepatocytes expressing PGST were observed by 2 days after DEN administration, while small foci of PGST-expressing hepatocytes could be reliably detected by 2 weeks. Two phases of PGST expression in single hepatocytes were observed. The first phase was maximal at day 3 and complete by day 6, while the second reached a plateau by day 8 and was maintained for the 28 days of the study. The presence of the three O-alkylation adducts during a time of enhanced cellular proliferation suggests that all three promutagenic adducts may contribute to the initiation that results in the partial hepatectomy/DEN model of rat hepatocarcinogenesis.
C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PATHOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
   US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP DRAGAN, YP (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH MED,DEPT ONCOL,MCARDLE LAB CANC RES,MADISON,WI 53706, USA.
FU NCI NIH HHS [NCI CA-45700, NCI CA-07175, NCI CA-22484]
NR 97
TC 52
Z9 52
U1 0
U2 1
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM
PI OXFORD
PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP
SN 0143-3334
J9 CARCINOGENESIS
JI Carcinogenesis
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 7
BP 1451
EP 1458
DI 10.1093/carcin/15.7.1451
PG 8
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA NW755
UT WOS:A1994NW75500023
PM 8033324
ER

PT J
AU FUSCOE, JC
   ZIMMERMAN, LJ
   HARRINGTONBROCK, K
   MOORE, MM
AF FUSCOE, JC
   ZIMMERMAN, LJ
   HARRINGTONBROCK, K
   MOORE, MM
TI DELETION MUTATIONS IN THE HPRT GENE OF T-LYMPHOCYTES AS A BIOMARKER FOR
   GENOMIC REARRANGEMENTS IMPORTANT IN HUMAN CANCERS
SO CARCINOGENESIS
LA English
DT Note
ID ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; SHORT SEQUENCE HOMOLOGIES; BCR GENE;
   PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE GENE; CHROMOSOME TRANSLOCATIONS;
   NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; DIRECT REPEATS; ALU SEQUENCES; 1ST
   INTRON
AB The DNA sequence of 11 in vivo-arising intragenic deletion junctions occurring in the hypoxanthine- guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) gene of human T-lymphocytes was determined. These deletions ranged in size from 16 bp to 4057 bp. Extensive homology was not found at the deletion breaksites, indicating that non-homologous recombination was responsible for these deletions. Short regions of homology (1-3 nucleotides) at the deletion termini, which may direct the recombination event, were found in seven of the mutations. Only one mutation had an unaccounted for nucleotide at the junction. V(D)J recombinase recognition sequences, previously identified at other hprt deletion breaksites, were not present. Such features are also found at the deletion and translocation junctions of rearranged oncogenes and suppressor oncogenes. The ability to isolate and molecularly analyze deletion mutations occurring in vivo in peripheral human T-lymphocytes allows the assay of DNA breakage/rejoining events. Such a system may serve as a biomarker of exposure to environmental and occupational agents which may be important in the etiology of cancer.
C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
   US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27710.
NR 43
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM
PI OXFORD
PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP
SN 0143-3334
J9 CARCINOGENESIS
JI Carcinogenesis
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 7
BP 1463
EP 1466
DI 10.1093/carcin/15.7.1463
PG 4
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA NW755
UT WOS:A1994NW75500025
PM 8033326
ER

PT J
AU KING, LC
   GEORGE, M
   GALLAGHER, JE
   LEWTAS, J
AF KING, LC
   GEORGE, M
   GALLAGHER, JE
   LEWTAS, J
TI SEPARATION OF P-32 POSTLABELED DNA-ADDUCTS OF POLYCYCLIC
   AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS AND NITRATED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS BY
   HPLC
SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MOUSE SKIN; BINDING; ENHANCEMENT; SENSITIVITY; ASSAY; AIR
AB The P-32-postlabeling assay, thin-layer chromatography, and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to separate DNA adducts formed from 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 6 nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NO2-PAHs). The PAHs included benzo[j]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene, 6-methylchrysene, 5-methylchrysene, and benz[a] anthracene. The NO2-PAHs included 1-nitropyrene, 2-nitrofluoranthene, 3-nitrofluoranthene, 1,6-dinitropyrene, 1,3-dinitropyrene, and 1,8-dinitropyrene. Separation of seven of the major PAH-DNA adducts was achieved by an initial PAH HPLC gradient system. The major NO2-PAH-DNA adducts were not all separated from each other using the initial PAH HPLC gradient but were clearly separated from the PAH-DNA adducts. A second NO2-PAH HPLC gradient system was developed to separate NO2-PAH-DNA adducts following one-dimensional TLC and HPLC analysis. HPLC profiles of NO2-PAH-DNA adducts were compared using both adduct enhancement versions of the P-32-postlabeling assay to evaluate the use of this technique on HPLC to screen for the presence of NO2-PAH-DNA adducts. To demonstrate the application of these separation methods to a complex mixture of DNA adducts, the chromatographic mobilities of the P-32-postlabeled DNA adduct standards (PAHs and NO2-PAHs) were compared with those produced by a complex mixture of polycyclic organic matter (POM) extracted from diesel emission particles. The diesel-derived adducts did not elute with the identical retention time of any of the PAH or NO2-PAH standards used in this study. HPLC analyses of the NO2-PAH-derived adducts (butanol extracted) revealed the presence of multiple DNA adducts. HPLC analyses of a nuclease P1 digestion of these xanthine oxidase-derived NO2-PAH-DNA adducts resulted in a significant reduction and in some samples complete loss of adducts when compared to the HPLC profiles of the butanol-extracted samples, suggesting that these DNA adducts are derived from N-substituted aryl compounds. Rat liver S9-mediated metabolism of the described NO2-PAH standards did not produce any measurable DNA adducts using the described methodology. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of the P-32-postlabeling assay coupled to HPLC for the separation of both PAH and NO2-PAH-DNA adducts in complex environmental mixtures.
C1 INTEGRATED LAB SYST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
RP KING, LC (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 33
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0893-228X
J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL
JI Chem. Res. Toxicol.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1994
VL 7
IS 4
BP 503
EP 510
DI 10.1021/tx00040a005
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology
GA NX673
UT WOS:A1994NX67300005
PM 7526903
ER

PT J
AU BURKHARD, LP
   SHEEDY, BR
   MCCAULEY, DJ
AF BURKHARD, LP
   SHEEDY, BR
   MCCAULEY, DJ
TI PREDICTION OF CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS FOR A FIELD
   DISCHARGE SITUATION
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOACCUMULATION
AB A field study was performed which compared predicted and measured concentrations of chemicals in receiving water organisms from three sampling locations on Five Mile Creek, Birmingham, Al. Two point source discharges, both from coke manufacturing facilities, were included in the field site and five chemicals were studied, i.e., biphenyl, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene. Composite samples of effluent, receiving water organisms, crayfish (Decapoda) and sunfish (Lepomis sp.), and stream and discharge flow data were collected in March and April 1990.
   For the crayfish and sunfish, the measured residues were within a factor of 5 for 80% (12 of 15) and 53% (8 of 15) of the residues predicted using EPA's draft procedure (US-EPA 1991b), respectively, and were within a factor of 5 for 60% (9 of 15) and 40% (6 of 15) of the residues predicted using EPA's procedure with a BCF set equal to the chemical's K(ow) (after adjustment for lipid content of the organism), respectively. The predicted residues tended to be larger than the measured residues and with increasing K(ow), greater disagreement between the predicted and measured values was observed.
C1 ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804.
   BATTELLE GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM CTR,TRAVERSE CITY,MI 49684.
RP BURKHARD, LP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA.
NR 10
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0045-6535
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 29
IS 1
BP 141
EP 153
DI 10.1016/0045-6535(94)90096-5
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA NZ725
UT WOS:A1994NZ72500013
PM 8044630
ER

PT J
AU BREEN, JJ
   ANASTAS, PT
AF BREEN, JJ
   ANASTAS, PT
TI DESIGN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT - THE ENVIRONMENTAL PARADIGM FOR THE
   21ST-CENTURY
SO CHEMTECH
LA English
DT Article
RP BREEN, JJ (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ECON EXPOSURE & TECHNOL,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
RI Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013
OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0009-2703
J9 CHEMTECH
JI Chemtech
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 24
IS 7
BP 6
EP 7
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Applied
SC Chemistry
GA NX036
UT WOS:A1994NX03600004
ER

PT J
AU RHYNE, TM
AF RHYNE, TM
TI COLLABORATIVE MODELING AND VISUALIZATION - AN EPA HPCC INITIATIVE
SO COMPUTER
LA English
DT Article
RP RHYNE, TM (reprint author), US EPA,CTR SCI VISUALIZAT,MARTIN MARIETTA GRP,BLDG 4201,2ND FLOOR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264
SN 0018-9162
J9 COMPUTER
JI Computer
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 27
IS 7
BP 92
EP 93
DI 10.1109/2.299419
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA NW997
UT WOS:A1994NW99700020
ER

PT J
AU WEST, CW
   PHIPPS, GL
   HOKE, RA
   GOLDENSTEIN, TA
   VANDERMEIDEN, FM
   KOSIAN, PA
   ANKLEY, GT
AF WEST, CW
   PHIPPS, GL
   HOKE, RA
   GOLDENSTEIN, TA
   VANDERMEIDEN, FM
   KOSIAN, PA
   ANKLEY, GT
TI SEDIMENT CORE VERSUS GRAB SAMPLES - EVALUATION OF CONTAMINATION AND
   TOXICITY AT A DDT-CONTAMINATED SITE
SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
LA English
DT Article
ID WHEELER RESERVOIR; ALABAMA; WATER; TRIBUTARIES; EXPOSURE; PROFILES;
   QUALITY; SYSTEM; TESTS
AB Four sites from a stream system near Huntsville, Alabama, contaminated with DDT and its metabolites, were sampled using a coring device. Grab samples were also collected at these and five other sites. Analytical and toxicological evaluations were made on both sets of samples. Core samples provided vertical delineation of toxicity and contamination in sediments, and documented periods of sedimentation with clean material, which appears to be isolating the contaminated sediments from benthic communities. Grab samples yielded less information about the sites. Relationships between DDT concentration and sediment toxicity to Chironomus tentans were similar regardless of the sampling method. Substantial increases in toxicity occurred in most samples when concentrations exceeded 3000 mug of DDT residue/g organic carbon. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804.
RP WEST, CW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA.
RI Hoke, Robert/F-4943-2010
NR 19
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0147-6513
J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE
JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe.
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 2
BP 208
EP 220
DI 10.1006/eesa.1994.1047
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA NZ035
UT WOS:A1994NZ03500009
PM 7525217
ER

PT J
AU KESSLER, J
   SCHILLO, B
   SHELBY, M
   HASPEL, A
AF KESSLER, J
   SCHILLO, B
   SHELBY, M
   HASPEL, A
TI IS NATURAL-GAS REALLY THE ANSWER - TARGETING NATURAL-GAS IN
   UNITED-STATES CLIMATE-CHANGE MITIGATION POLICY
SO ENERGY POLICY
LA English
DT Article
DE ENVIRONMENT; CLIMATE CHANGE; NATURAL GAS
AB Since use of natural gas emits less carbon dioxide (CO2) than other fossil fuels and CO2 is an important greenhouse gas, policies to encourage greater natural gas use are often touted as one strategy to reduce global warming.  In this analysis, we examine the impacts of lower natural gas prices, brought about by government initiatives or market forces, on greenhouse gas emissions.  The most surprising result of this analysis is that lower gas prices appear to have little impact on US greenhouse gas emission trends.  However, lower gas prices and commensurate overall lower fossil energy costs do defer energy conservation efforts, stimulate more energy use economy-wide, and may displace cleaner renewable sources of energy.  These results argue for a careful examination of attributes needed to align policy options intended to increase efficient gas use and those intended to lower overall greenhouse gas emissions.
C1 US DOE,WASHINGTON,DC 20585.
RP KESSLER, J (reprint author), US EPA,ENERGY POLICY BRANCH,MC-2126 401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA.
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 4
PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0301-4215
J9 ENERG POLICY
JI Energy Policy
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 22
IS 7
BP 623
EP 628
DI 10.1016/0301-4215(94)90080-9
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA PF607
UT WOS:A1994PF60700006
ER

PT J
AU MA, QY
   TRAINA, SJ
   LOGAN, TJ
   RYAN, JA
AF MA, QY
   TRAINA, SJ
   LOGAN, TJ
   RYAN, JA
TI EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS AL, CD, CU, FE(II), NI, AND ZN ON PB IMMOBILIZATION
   BY HYDROXYAPATITE
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INORGANIC CATION EXCHANGERS; SYNTHETIC HYDROXYAPATITES; IONS; REMOVAL;
   PB-2+
AB The effects of aqueous Al, Cd, Cu, Fe(II), Ni, or Zn on Pb immobilization by hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] were studied. Lead was removed mainly via hydroxyapatite dissolution and hydroxypyromorphite [Pb10(PO4)6(OH)2] precipitation in the presence of these metals with a Pb removal efficiency of 37-100%. These metals inhibited Pb immobilization by hydroxyapatite in the order: Al > Cu > Fe(II) > Cd > Zn > Ni and Cu > Fe(II) > Cd > Zn > Al > Ni at high and low initial Pb concentrations, respectively. The inhibition was probably through the precipitation of amorphous to poorly crystalline metal phosphates, decreasing the amount of dissolved P available for precipitation with dissolved Pb ions. Hydroxyapatite was effective in removing these added metals, especially at low concentrations. Hydroxyapatite selectively removed Pb from solution in the presence of aqueous Al, Cd, Cu, Fe(II), Ni, or Zn. The results support our earlier finding that hydroxyapatite has the potential to be used for in situ immobilization of Pb in Pb contaminated soils and wastes.
C1 OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT AGRON, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA.
   US EPA, RREL, CINCINNATI, OH 45268 USA.
RP MA, QY (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA.
RI Ma, Lena/E-5854-2010
OI Ma, Lena/0000-0002-8463-9957
NR 20
TC 261
Z9 280
U1 10
U2 60
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 28
IS 7
BP 1219
EP 1228
DI 10.1021/es00056a007
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA NU808
UT WOS:A1994NU80800008
PM 22176311
ER

PT J
AU CORMIER, SM
   DANIEL, FB
AF CORMIER, SM
   DANIEL, FB
TI BIOMARKERS - TAKING THE SCIENCE FORWARD
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID INTEGRITY
RP CORMIER, SM (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,ECOL MONITORING RES DIV,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA.
NR 4
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 7
BP 1011
EP 1012
DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[1011:BTTSF]2.0.CO;2
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA NT241
UT WOS:A1994NT24100001
ER

PT J
AU GEORGE, SE
   KOHAN, MJ
   TAYLOR, MS
   BROOKS, HG
   CREASON, JP
   CLAXTON, LD
AF GEORGE, SE
   KOHAN, MJ
   TAYLOR, MS
   BROOKS, HG
   CREASON, JP
   CLAXTON, LD
TI INTESTINAL SURVIVAL, COMPETITION AND TRANSLOCATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
   AGENTS ON INTRANASAL EXPOSURE OF C3H/HEJ MICE
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE BIOTECHNOLOGY AGENTS; PSEUDOMONAS SPECIES; TRANSLOCATION; COMPETITION;
   GI TRACT
ID BIPHENYL-DEGRADING PSEUDOMONADS; MESENTERIC LYMPH-NODES; COLONIZATION
   RESISTANCE; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACTS; INDIGENOUS BACTERIA;
   ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AERUGINOSA; ENDOTOXIN; FLORA; METRONIDAZOLE
AB Human exposure to environmentally released biotechnology agents may occur. Therefore, it is important to identify adverse health effects associated with this exposure. This study investigates colonization, competition, and translocation of biotechnology agents following intranasal challenge by sublethal doses of the environmental isolates Pseudomonas maltophilia (BC6) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (BC16, BC17, BC18, AC869). Two clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (PAOI, DG1), are included for comparison. Following intranasal challenge by approximately 10(6) Colony-forming units (cfu), recovery of the dosed strains were determined in C3H/HeJ mice at time intervals in the intestinal tract, mesenteric lymph node (MLN) complex, liver, and spleen. Intestinal bacterial populations also were enumerated. Strains BC6, AC869, DG1, and PAO1 were detectable in all three intestinal regions 14 d following treatment. Strain BC17 was cleared 7 d posttreatment. Strains BC 18 and BC16 were detectable in two of the three intestinal sections. A decrease in cecal lactose nonfermenting enteric bacilli was detected in strain BC6-treated mice. Translocation of strains BC16, AC869, and PAOI occurred to the MLN, spleen, and liver. Strain BC18 was detectable in the liver, and strains BC17 and DG1 were recovered from both the MLN and the liver. Pulmonary challenge can result in intestinal survival, competition and translocation.
C1 US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL MD 68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   US EPA,DIV RES SUPPORT MD 55,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583
NR 49
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 7
BP 1145
EP 1152
DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[1145:ISCATO]2.0.CO;2
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA NT241
UT WOS:A1994NT24100016
ER

PT J
AU LIEN, GJ
   NICHOLS, JW
   MCKIM, JM
   GALLINAT, CA
AF LIEN, GJ
   NICHOLS, JW
   MCKIM, JM
   GALLINAT, CA
TI MODELING THE ACCUMULATION OF 3 WATERBORNE CHLORINATED ETHANES IN FATHEAD
   MINNOWS (PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS) - A PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED APPROACH
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED KINETIC MODEL; FATHEAD MINNOWS; CHLORINATED
   ETHANES; BRANCHIAL EXCHANGE; CUTANEOUS EXCHANGE
ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH GILLS;
   SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; TOXICOKINETIC MODEL; FLOW; CHLOROETHANES;
   LIMITATIONS; ABSORPTION
AB A physiologically based kinetic model was used to predict the accumulation of a homologous series of chlorinated ethanes in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Uptake and accumulation of these compounds are described in terms of a few fundamental physiological, morphological, and physicochemical parameters. Chemical residues in 30-d-old fathead minnows exposed to 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, pentachloroethane, and hexachloroethane were used to evaluate model performance. The predicted and observed accumulations of the chlorinated ethanes were in close agreement. A quantitative assessment of the major factors regulating the exchange of these compounds indicates that the cutaneous surface may be an important route of uptake in small fish.
C1 ASCI CORP INC,DULUTH,MN 55804.
RP LIEN, GJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA.
NR 41
TC 16
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 7
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 13
IS 7
BP 1195
EP 1205
DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[1195:MTAOTW]2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA NT241
UT WOS:A1994NT24100021
ER

PT J
AU DYE, JA
AF DYE, JA
TI FELINE BRONCHIAL DISEASE - DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTICS
SO FELINE PRACTICE
LA English
DT Article
AB Evaluation, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations of the cat with bronchopulmonary disease are presented.  Feline bronchopulmonary disease represents a group of poorly understood airway, and possibly interstitial or alveolar space disorders.  The management of these cats typically includes reversal and then prevention of excessive bronchoconstriction, and suppression of ongoing airway inflammation.  Other considerations include avoidance of ''trigger situations,'' contact with cats with known respiratory infections, and the development of obesity, a problem in some patients requiring long-term corticosteroid therapy.
RP DYE, JA (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-82,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU VETERINARY PRACTICE PUBL CO
PI SANTA BARBARA
PA 7 ASHLEY AVE SOUTH, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93103-9989
SN 1057-6614
J9 FELINE PRACT
JI Feline Pr.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1994
VL 22
IS 4
BP 22
EP 24
PG 3
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA PG579
UT WOS:A1994PG57900005
ER

PT J
AU ZABOWSKI, D
   SKINNER, MF
   RYGIEWICZ, PT
AF ZABOWSKI, D
   SKINNER, MF
   RYGIEWICZ, PT
TI TIMBER HARVESTING AND LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY - WEATHERING PROCESSES AND
   SOIL DISTURBANCE
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT IEA/BE Workshop on Ameliorative Practices for Restoring and Maintaining
   Long-Term Productivity in Forests
CY 1991
CL VAXJO, SWEDEN
SP INT ENERGY AGCY, BIOMASS ENERGY PROGRAM
AB Both timber harvesting and amelioration practices can cause chemical and physical changes to the soil. These changes can affect factors which alter soil mineral stability and weathering rates, potentially changing inputs to the nutrient cycle. This paper discusses possible effects of harvesting and ameliorative practices on soil mineral stability and weathering. It also presents data from a case study of harvesting impacts in New Zealand. A soil disturbance study established in 1981 was examined in 1990 for potential effects of soil disturbance on weathering and soil nutrient availability. Post-harvesting site treatments included O horizon preserved, O horizon removed, and O and A horizons removed followed by compaction. Results showed that removal of the O horizon greatly reduced the available nutrient pool. Changes in concentrations of solution Si also indicated that mineral equilibrium had been affected in the surface soil horizons of the two disturbance treatments. Fine-root and mycorrhizae biomass was reduced with both disturbance treatments. A comparison of soil nutrient inputs and outputs suggests that weathering inputs must provide most of the available nutrients with the disturbance treatments.
C1 FORESTRY RES INST ROTORUA,ROTORUA,NEW ZEALAND.
   US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333.
   OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97333.
RP ZABOWSKI, D (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,PNW RES STN,1133 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA.
NR 28
TC 24
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 66
IS 1-3
BP 55
EP 68
DI 10.1016/0378-1127(94)90148-1
PG 14
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA PB577
UT WOS:A1994PB57700004
ER

PT J
AU YANG, YG
   LEBREC, H
   BURLESON, GR
AF YANG, YG
   LEBREC, H
   BURLESON, GR
TI EFFECT OF 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (TCDD) ON PULMONARY
   INFLUENZA-VIRUS TITER AND NATURAL-KILLER (NK) ACTIVITY IN RATS
SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PHOSGENE INHALATION; CELL-ACTIVITY; MICE; MECHANISM; INFECTION;
   IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; HYDROCARBONS; SUPPRESSION; ANTIBODY; EXPOSURE
AB Suppression of immune function and enhanced susceptibility to infection in mice is one of the more sensitive indicators of TCDD toxicity. Recent efforts to demonstrate similar effects in the rat have shown that there are considerable differences between the two species. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of TCDD exposure on (a) an influenza virus host resistance model in rats and (b) natural killer cell activity in the lung and spleen. Fischer 344 rats were treated with 10 mu g TCDD/kg body weight via gavage and infected intranasally with rat-adapted influenza virus (RAIV) 7 days later. Virus-augmented NK activity assessed at 48 hr postinfection in the lung was significantly suppressed in rats treated with 3, 10, or 30 mu g TCDD/kg body weight. Spontaneous NK activity in either lung or spleen was not affected by TCDD exposure. Significantly higher virus titers were observed on Days 2, 3, and 3 postinfec- tion in the lungs of rats treated with TCDD (10 mu g/kg). TCDD had no effect on the amount of virus recovered from nasal lavage. Acute exposure to TCDD did not significantly affect lung and body weights in rats infected with RAIV except in the highest dose (30 mu g/kg) treated rats. Rats exposed to repeated doses of TCDD showed a significant increase of lung weights and L/B ratios when rats were infected with RAIV after TCDD exposure. Virus-augmented pulmonary NK activity in these rats was significantly suppressed; however, the suppression was not more profound than that in rats exposed to a single dose of TCDD. However, an increase of lung weights and lung/body weight ratios was observed in RAIV infected rats which were exposed to repeated doses of TCDD (cumulative dose of 10 mu g/kg). Virus-augmented NK activity was significantly suppressed in rats exposed to repeated doses of TCDD. Our results showed that TCDD suppressed virus-augmented pulmonary NK activity and this effect may at least in part be related to enhanced susceptibility of rats to influenza virus. (C) 1994 Society of Toxicology.
C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC.
   US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
NR 26
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0272-0590
J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL
JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 23
IS 1
BP 125
EP 131
DI 10.1006/faat.1994.1088
PG 7
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA NY559
UT WOS:A1994NY55900017
PM 7958556
ER

PT J
AU LILLY, PD
   SIMMONS, JE
   PEGRAM, RA
AF LILLY, PD
   SIMMONS, JE
   PEGRAM, RA
TI DOSE-DEPENDENT VEHICLE DIFFERENCES IN THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF
   BROMODICHLOROMETHANE
SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; DOSING VEHICLES; B6C3F1 MICE; CORN-OIL; RATS;
   HEPATOTOXICITY; CHLOROFORM; NEPHRON
AB Bromodichloromethane (BDCM) is a disinfection by-product of drinking water chlorination and is the second most common trihalomethane (THM) in finished drinking water. THMs have generally been administered to experimental animals in corn oil, rather than drinking water, which can influence the site and magnitude of toxicity. To examine the effects of gavage vehicle on the acute renal and hepatic toxicity of orally administered BDCM, 95-day-old male F344 rats were given single doses of 0, 200, or 400 mg BDCM/kg in corn oil or an aqueous 10% Emulphor solution. Activities of serum hepatotoxicity indicators were significantly greater 48 hr after administration of 400 mg BDCM/kg in corn oil compared to the aqueous vehicle, but delivery of the low dose in either dosing vehicle had little effect on serum enzymes. In contrast, significant elevations in urinary renal toxicity indicators were noted at 200 and 400 mg BDCM/ kg in both vehicles after 24 hr, indicating that the kidney is more sensitive to low doses of BDCM than the liver. Significantly greater increases were observed in urinary indicators after delivery of 200 mg BDCM/kg in 10% Emulphor compared to corn oil. However, administration of the high dose in corn oil resulted in greater nephrotoxicity than in the aqueous vehicle. Significant interactions between vehicle of administration and BDCM dose observed for both urinary and serum parameters further indicate that vehicle differences noted in BDCM acute toxicity are dose dependent. This observation may be due to pharmacokinetic differences in gastrointestinal rates of absorption of BDCM from corn oil as compared to an aqueous solution. (C) 1994 Society of Toxicology.
C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,CHAPEL HILL,NC.
   UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC.
NR 28
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0272-0590
J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL
JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 23
IS 1
BP 132
EP 140
DI 10.1006/faat.1994.1089
PG 9
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA NY559
UT WOS:A1994NY55900018
PM 7958557
ER

PT J
AU TANG, PHT
   HO, JS
AF TANG, PHT
   HO, JS
TI LIQUID-SOLID DISK EXTRACTION FOLLOWED BY SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID ELUTION AND
   GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF PHENOLS FROM WATER
SO HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE LIQUID SOLID DISK EXTRACTION; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY (GC); PHENOLS;
   SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION (SFE); WATER
ID PHASE EXTRACTION; ACETYLATION; POLLUTANTS; MEMBRANES; SAMPLES
AB A method combining the techniques of liquid - solid disk extraction (LSDE) and supercritical fluid elution (SFE) has been developed for the phenols regulated by the Clean Water Act. LSDE uses a disk or membrane made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibrils impregnated with small particles, e.g. styrene divinylbenzene (SDB) resin, to extract phenols from water. After disk extraction the retained analytes are eluted from the disk using SFE. SFE is used as an alternative to liquid solvent elution with an organic solvent. Analytes are separated, identified, and quantified using gas chromatography - ion trap detector mass spectrometry (GC-ITDMS). The method is capable of sub parts per billion detection limits, and precision of 5-28 % RSD. Evaluation of various disks or membranes, such as C18-Silica disks, SDB disks, and ion exchange membranes, has also been performed for the extraction of phenols from water. The results obtained from the in-situ aqueous acetylation of phenols and extraction of their acetates are quantitative. The utilization of LSDE and SFE techniques has proven to be a more effective approach than liquid - liquid extraction in minimizing air pollution and solvent waste.
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONMENT MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
RP TANG, PHT (reprint author), TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45219, USA.
NR 24
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU DR ALFRED HUTHIG VERLAG GMBH
PI HEIDELBERG 1
PA POSTFACH 102869, W-69018 HEIDELBERG 1, GERMANY
SN 0935-6304
J9 HRC-J HIGH RES CHROM
JI HRC-J. High Resolut. Chromatogr.
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 17
IS 7
BP 509
EP 518
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA PB188
UT WOS:A1994PB18800001
ER

PT J
AU LIU, Y
   LOPEZAVILA, V
   ALCARAZ, M
   BECKERT, WF
AF LIU, Y
   LOPEZAVILA, V
   ALCARAZ, M
   BECKERT, WF
TI SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF ORGANOTIN, ORGANOLEAD, AND ORGANOMERCURY
   COMPOUNDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES USING CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY
   WITH ATOMIC-EMISSION DETECTION
SO HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE CAPILLARY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; ATOMIC EMISSION DETECTOR; ORGANOTIN
   COMPOUNDS; ORGANOLEAD COMPOUNDS; ORGANOMERCURY COMPOUNDS; GRIGNARD
   DERIVATIZATION
ID SPECIATION ANALYSIS; HYDRIDE GENERATION; SPECTROMETRY; EXTRACTION;
   SYSTEM; LEVEL; TIN
AB As part of a continuing evaluation of new analytical and sample preparation techniques conducted by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the use of capillary gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (GC-AED) for the simultaneous determination of organotin, organolead, and organomercury compounds in environmental samples was investigated. Pentylmagnesium bromide was used to pentylate ionic organotin, organolead, and organomercury compounds; the pentyl derivatives were then separated by GC and determined by AED. Several important GC-AED parameters, including the type of injector inlet, carrier gas flow rate, and helium make-up gas flow rate, were optimized for the simultaneous determination of these organometallic compounds. Their minimum detectable concentrations were approximately 1.0 to 2.5 ng/mL using a 0.5-muL on-column injection. The calibration curves exhibited good linearity between 2.5 and 2500 ng/mL for organotin and organolead compounds, and between 2.5 and 10000 ng/mL for organomercury compounds.
C1 US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119.
RP LIU, Y (reprint author), MIDWEST RES INST,CALIF OPERAT,625-3 CLYDE AVE,MT VIEW,CA 94043, USA.
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU DR ALFRED HUTHIG VERLAG GMBH
PI HEIDELBERG 1
PA POSTFACH 102869, W-69018 HEIDELBERG 1, GERMANY
SN 0935-6304
J9 HRC-J HIGH RES CHROM
JI HRC-J. High Resolut. Chromatogr.
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 17
IS 7
BP 527
EP 536
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA PB188
UT WOS:A1994PB18800004
ER

PT J
AU DILL, JA
   GREENSPAN, BJ
   MELLINGER, KH
   ROYCROFT, JH
   DUNNICK, J
AF DILL, JA
   GREENSPAN, BJ
   MELLINGER, KH
   ROYCROFT, JH
   DUNNICK, J
TI DISPOSITION OF INHALED CADMIUM-OXIDE AEROSOL IN THE RAT
SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INHALATION; CLEARANCE; EXPOSURE
AB Male F344/N rats were exposed to target air concentrations of 0.0, 0.10, 0.25, or 1.0 mg CdO/m(3) for approximately 6 h/day, 5 days/wk, for 13 wk. The lung burdens of Cd, the concentration of Cd in whole blood, and the concentration oi Cd in the kidneys from exposure groups were determined at study days 3, 9, 30, and 93. Accumulated lung burdens were not directly proportional to the exposure concentration, but became progressively less than expected when exposure concentrations were increased. This was attributed to differences in exposure material deposition at different exposure concentrations, although the basis for these differences was not determined. Based on lung burden measurements made during the study, the lung clearance rate of Cd in F344 rats agreed well with values reported in the literature for Long-Evans and Wistar rats. Lung clearance half-lives did not change significantly with exposure concentration. Estimation of the deposition rate and the clearance rate constant allowed calculation of the equilibrium lung burdens expected in each of the exposure groups after long-term exposure. The concentration of Cd in blood was found to be very low in all exposure groups studied. Evidence suggests that the low blood concentration is most likely a result of rapid clearance from the blood to the kidney, and possibly the liver. The amount of Cd observed in the kidneys of exposed animals represented a significant fraction of the accumulated lung burden, and the concentration of Cd in the kidney was linearly proportional to the accumulated lung burden. Based on a linear model, projected accumulation of Cd in the kidneys of rats indicated that kidney Cd concentrations should be well below the toxic threshold when lung burdens reach steady state. However, this extrapolation will most likely underestimate accumulation of Cd in the kidney after steady-state lung burdens are achieved.
C1 NATL INST ENVIRONM HLTH SCI, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC USA.
RP DILL, JA (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA.
NR 19
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS
PI BRISTOL
PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598
SN 0895-8378
J9 INHAL TOXICOL
JI Inhal. Toxicol.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1994
VL 6
IS 4
BP 379
EP 393
DI 10.3109/08958379409003034
PG 15
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA PD617
UT WOS:A1994PD61700005
ER

PT J
AU CLARK, RM
AF CLARK, RM
TI COMPUTER MODELING THE DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS - A DREAM OR A NIGHTMARE
SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
RP CLARK, RM (reprint author), US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC
PI DENVER
PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235
SN 0003-150X
J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS
JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc.
PD JUL
PY 1994
VL 86
IS 7
BP 10
EP 10
PG 1
WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA NW499
UT WOS:A1994NW49900003
ER

PT J
AU KLINEFELTER, GR
   LASKEY, JW
   PERREAULT, SD
   FERRELL, J
   JEFFAY, S
   SUAREZ, J
   ROBERTS, N
AF KLINEFELTER, GR
   LASKEY, JW
   PERREAULT, SD
   FERRELL, J
   JEFFAY, S
   SUAREZ, J
   ROBERTS, N
TI THE ETHANE DIMETHANESULFONATE-INDUCED DECREASE IN THE FERTILIZING
   ABILITY OF CAUDA EPIDIDYMAL SPERM IS INDEPENDENT OF THE TESTIS
SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE EPIDIDYMIS; SPERM; MATURATION; IN UTERO; INSEMINATION; FERTILIZATION;
   TOXICANT
ID ADULT-RATS; LEYDIG-CELLS; TESTOSTERONE; SPERMATOZOA; SECRETION; ANDROGEN
AB Several decades ago it was reported that when adult male rats were exposed to a single injection of 50 mg/kg body weight ethane dimethanesulfonate (EDS) and mated with untreated females, average litter size was significantly reduced as early as 2 weeks later. Recently, we demonstrated that EDS exerts multiple effects in the epididymis of adult rats. Some of these effects were independent of reduced serum testosterone (T) levels. Later we found that EDS has direct effects on epididymal epithelial cells in vitro. Herein, we sought to determine whether EDS perturbs the fertilizing ability of cauda epididymal sperm. Four days after exposure to 50 mg/kg EDS, sperm from the proximal cauda epididymidis were inseminated into adult receptive females in utero; on the next day the percentage of fertilized eggs was determined. Exogenous T administration and castration were used to determine what role, if any, androgen deprivation and the testis had on the fertilizing ability of proximal cauda epididymal sperm. Sperm motion parameters, serum T, T in the caput/corpus epididymidis, and detergent-extracted sperm protein were evaluated and correlated with fertilizing ability. We found that both castration and EDS exposure significantly compromised the fertilizing ability of sperm in proximal cauda epididymidis 4 days after exposure. Exogenous T, sufficient to maintain serum T, completely restored the fertilizing ability of sperm following castration, but not after EDS exposure. Moreover, exogenous T failed to restore fertilizing ability when castrated animals were exposed to EDS. Thus, the effects that EDS exerts on sperm maturation in vivo are independent of the testis. Finally, the only endpoint that was well correlated with fertilizing ability was the relative amount of an acidic 18-kDa sperm protein.
C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
RP KLINEFELTER, GR (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 22
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0196-3635
J9 J ANDROL
JI J. Androl.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1994
VL 15
IS 4
BP 318
EP 327
PG 10
WC Andrology
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA PC122
UT WOS:A1994PC12200008
PM 7982800
ER

PT J
AU EDGELL, KW
   LONGBOTTOM, JE
   CULLEN, T
   DALZELL, H
   HANISCH, R
   LOPEZAVILA, V
   MARQUIS, F
   OZDEMIR, S
   POWELL, D
   SCHUMACHER, D
   STEELE, W
   WAITE, D
AF EDGELL, KW
   LONGBOTTOM, JE
   CULLEN, T
   DALZELL, H
   HANISCH, R
   LOPEZAVILA, V
   MARQUIS, F
   OZDEMIR, S
   POWELL, D
   SCHUMACHER, D
   STEELE, W
   WAITE, D
TI DETERMINATION OF 1,2-DIBROMOETHANE AND 1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE IN
   WATER BY MICROEXTRACTION AND GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY - COLLABORATIVE STUDY
SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
AB A collaborative study of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) method 504 for the determination of 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB) and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in aqueous samples by microextraction using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector was conducted by EPA, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. Ten volunteer laboratories reported data for 6 concentration levels in each of 2 water matrixes: reagent water and groundwater. The method was tested over the concentration range of 0.050-6.70 mug/L. Generally, the between-laboratory relative standard deviation ranged from 6-22%, and the within-laboratory relative standard deviation ranged from 4-10%. The microextraction/gas chromatographic method for determination of EDB and DBCP in water has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45268.
   SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,LA JOLLA,CA.
   TMA SKINNER & SHERMAN LABS INC,WALTHAM,MA.
   ENSECO,ROCKY MT ANALYT LAB,ARVADA,CO.
   CAMBRIDGE ANALYT ASSOCIATES,CAMBRIDGE,MA.
   ENVIRONM MONITORING & SERV INC,CAMARILLO,CA.
   ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN INC,GAINESVILLE,FL.
   LANCASTER LABS,LANCASTER,PA.
   CLAYTON ENVIRONM CONSULTANTS INC,PLEASANTON,CA.
   ENSECO,ERCO LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA.
RP EDGELL, KW (reprint author), BIONET CORP,16 TRIANGLE PK DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45246, USA.
NR 0
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504
SN 1060-3271
J9 J AOAC INT
JI J. AOAC Int.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1994
VL 77
IS 4
BP 989
EP 994
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA NY376
UT WOS:A1994NY37600039
ER

EF