FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU SEAL, E MCDONNELL, WF CHAPMAN, RS HOUSE, DE AF SEAL, E MCDONNELL, WF CHAPMAN, RS HOUSE, DE TI THE EFFECT OF MENSTRUAL-CYCLE AND AGE ON THE PULMONARY RESPONSE TO OZONE SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CLIN RES BRANCH,CHAPEL HILL,NC. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,BIOMETRY BRANCH,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A637 EP A637 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14902432 ER PT J AU VANBREE, L KOREN, HS DEVLIN, RB ROMBOUT, PJA AF VANBREE, L KOREN, HS DEVLIN, RB ROMBOUT, PJA TI RECOVERY FROM ATTENUATED INFLAMMATION IN LOWER AIRWAYS OF RATS FOLLOWING REPEATED EXPOSURE TO OZONE SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,TOXICOL LAB,BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LABS,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A633 EP A633 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14902416 ER PT J AU WIESTER, MJ HORSTMAN, DH STEVENS, MA GABRIEL, TT AF WIESTER, MJ HORSTMAN, DH STEVENS, MA GABRIEL, TT TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OXYHEMOGLOBIN SATURATION (SAO2) AND AIRWAY-RESISTANCE (SRAW) DURING METHACHOLINE CHALLENGE (MC) IN HUMANS SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRONM,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A259 EP A259 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14900961 ER PT J AU HARRISYOUNG, L TAMPLIN, ML FISHER, WS MASON, JW AF HARRISYOUNG, L TAMPLIN, ML FISHER, WS MASON, JW TI EFFECTS OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL FACTORS AND BACTERIAL COLONY MORPHOTYPE ON ASSOCIATION OF VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS WITH HEMOCYTES OF CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHAGOCYTOSIS; OYSTER; SERUM; AGGLUTINATION AB Vibrio vulnificus is a naturally occurring marine bacterium that causes invasive disease of immunocompromised humans following the consumption of raw oysters. It is a component of the natural microbiota of Gulf Coast estuaries and has been found to inhabit tissues of oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin 1791). The interaction of V. vulnificus with oyster host defenses has not been reported in detail. We examined the interaction of V. vulnificus with phagocytic oyster hemocytes as a function of time, temperature, bacterial concentration, pretreatment with hemolymph, and V. vulnificus translucent and opaque colony morphotypes. Within these experimental parameters, the results showed that the association of V. vulnificus with hemocytes increased with time, temperature, and initial V. vulnificus/hemocyte ratio. Pretreatment of V. vulnificus with serum or an increased serum concentration did not enhance V. vulnificus-hemocyte associations, a result suggesting the absence of opsonic activity. More than 50% of hemocytes bound the translucent, avirulent morphotype, whereas 10 to 20% were associated with the opaque, virulent form, a result indicating that the degree of encapsulation was related to resistance to phagocytosis, as previously described for mammalian phagocytes. Understanding these cellular interactions may, in part, explain the persistence of V. vulnificus in oyster tissues and the ecology of V. vulnificus in estuarine environments. C1 UNIV ALABAMA, SCH PUBL HLTH, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35294 USA. US FDA, FISHERY RES BRANCH, DAUPHIN ISL, AL 36528 USA. UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT HOME ECON, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. US EPA, GULF BREEZE ENVIRONM RES LAB, CTR MARINE & ESTUARINE DIS RES, GULF BREEZE, FL 32561 USA. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1012 EP 1017 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KV717 UT WOS:A1993KV71700010 PM 16348903 ER PT J AU PRUELL, RJ RUBINSTEIN, NI TAPLIN, BK LIVOLSI, JA BOWEN, RD AF PRUELL, RJ RUBINSTEIN, NI TAPLIN, BK LIVOLSI, JA BOWEN, RD TI ACCUMULATION OF POLYCHLORINATED ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS FROM SEDIMENT BY 3 BENTHIC MARINE SPECIES SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT ELIMINATION; SULFUR ANALOGS; NEREIS-VIRENS; BIOACCUMULATION; POLYCHLORODIBENZOTHIOPHENES; BIOAVAILABILITY; DIBENZOFURANS; POLYCHAETA; DIOXINS; PCBS AB A laboratory experiment was conducted to measure the accumulation of selected polychlorinated compounds by marine benthos exposed to environmentally contaminated sediment. Sandworms (Nereis virens), clams (Macoma nasuta), and grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) were exposed to sediment collected from the Passaic River, New Jersey. All three species accumulated 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3, 7,8-TCDD), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,7,8-TCDF) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the sediment. In addition, a recently identified sulfur containing analog of tetrachlorinated dibenzofurans, 2,4,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzothiophene (2,4,6,8-TCDT), accumulated in the three species. Accumulation factors (AFs) were calculated (([organism]/lipid)/([sediment]/total organic carbon)) and used to compare results among species and compounds. These comparisons showed that AFs measured for clams reached steady-state levels rapidly (10 days); however, steady-state AFs values were not achieved until 70-120 days in sandworms. Grass shrimp were exposed to test sediments for only 28 days; therefore, steady-state concentrations could not be determined for this species. Although final contaminant concentrations were highest in the sandworms, AFs were generally higher for the clams and shrimp and lower for the sandworms. The AFs for 2,4,6,8-TCDT were significantly higher for shrimp than for sandworms and clams. PCB 153 showed higher AF values than those of the other compounds studied. Clams showed preferential accumulation of lower molecular weight PCB congeners which may be due to the very low lipid content in this species. Sandworms and especially shrimp appeared to metabolize congeners 52, 101, and 151 which all contain vicinal hydrogens in the meta and para regions of the molecule. C1 US EPA,SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. RP PRUELL, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 33 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 24 IS 3 BP 290 EP 297 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KR032 UT WOS:A1993KR03200002 ER PT J AU SCHUBAUERBERIGAN, MK AMATO, JR ANKLEY, GT BAKER, SE BURKHARD, LP DIERKES, JR JENSON, JJ LUKASEWYCZ, MT NORBERGKING, TJ AF SCHUBAUERBERIGAN, MK AMATO, JR ANKLEY, GT BAKER, SE BURKHARD, LP DIERKES, JR JENSON, JJ LUKASEWYCZ, MT NORBERGKING, TJ TI THE BEHAVIOR AND IDENTIFICATION OF TOXIC METALS IN COMPLEX-MIXTURES - EXAMPLES FROM EFFLUENT AND SEDIMENT PORE WATER TOXICITY IDENTIFICATION EVALUATIONS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COPPER; KINETICS AB Toxicity caused by heavy metals in environmental samples can be assessed by performing a suite of toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) methods. The behavior of metals during TIEs can vary greatly according to sample matrix. Some approaches and precautions in using TIE to identify metal toxicants in a sample are discussed, using case studies from three effluent and one sediment TIEs. These approaches include responses of metals that erroneously suggest the presence of other toxicants, the bioavailability of metals retained by glass-fiber filtration, and cautionary steps in Phase III to avoid dilution water effects on sample toxicity. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 31 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 24 IS 3 BP 298 EP 306 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KR032 UT WOS:A1993KR03200003 ER PT J AU ANKLEY, GT NIEMI, GJ LODGE, KB HARRIS, HJ BEAVER, DL TILLITT, DE SCHWARTZ, TR GIESY, JP JONES, PD HAGLEY, C AF ANKLEY, GT NIEMI, GJ LODGE, KB HARRIS, HJ BEAVER, DL TILLITT, DE SCHWARTZ, TR GIESY, JP JONES, PD HAGLEY, C TI UPTAKE OF PLANAR POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS AND 2,3,7,8-SUBSTITUTED POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS AND DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS BY BIRDS NESTING IN THE LOWER FOX RIVER AND GREEN BAY, WISCONSIN, USA SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LAKE-MICHIGAN; TERNS; FISH; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; EQUIVALENTS; BIOASSAY; TOXICITY; EGGS AB The uptake of persistent polychlorinated hydrocarbons (PCHs) by four avian species was investigated at upper trophic levels of two aquatic food chains of the lower Fox River and Green Bay, Wisconsin. Accumulation of total and specific planar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDDs), and H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay-derived 2,37,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ) was evaluated in Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) and common tem (Sterna hirundo) chicks, and in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) and red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) nestlings from colonies nesting in several locations within the watershed. Concentrations of the PCHs were greatest in eggs and chicks of the two tem species, less in the tree swallows and least in the red-winged blackbirds. Young of all four species accumulated total PCBs, PCB congeners 77, 105, 126, and 169, and TCDD-EQ. The young birds also accumulated small concentrations of several 2,3,7,8-sbustituted PCDF and PCDD congeners. Uptake rates for certain of the PCHs for the Forster's tern chicks were: 15 mug/day for total PCBs, 70, 200, 6.5, and 0. 14 ng/day for PCB congeners 77, 105, 126, and 169, respectively, and 270 pg/day for TCDD-EQ. Principal components analysis revealed that the patterns of PCH concentrations in the samples were influenced by species of bird, their age (or length of exposure) and nesting location. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that exposure of avian species to contaminants derived from aquatic food chains can be characterized and quantified for the purposes of ecological risk assessment. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,INST LAND WATER STUDIES,GREEN BAY,WI 54302. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. UNIV MINNESOTA,NAT RESOURCES RES INSTITUTE,DULUTH,MN 55811. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. TRI,DULUTH,MN 55804. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP ANKLEY, GT (reprint author), US EPA,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. RI Jones, Paul/O-2046-2015 OI Jones, Paul/0000-0002-7483-5380 NR 49 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 24 IS 3 BP 332 EP 344 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KR032 UT WOS:A1993KR03200006 ER PT J AU JONES, PD GIESY, JP NEWSTED, JL VERBRUGGE, DA BEAVER, DL ANKLEY, GT TILLITT, DE LODGE, KB NIEMI, GJ AF JONES, PD GIESY, JP NEWSTED, JL VERBRUGGE, DA BEAVER, DL ANKLEY, GT TILLITT, DE LODGE, KB NIEMI, GJ TI 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN EQUIVALENTS IN TISSUES OF BIRDS AT GREEN BAY, WISCONSIN, USA SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLORINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; COPLANAR POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HEPATOMA-CELL BIOASSAY; DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; FISH-EATING BIRDS; GREAT-LAKES FISH; INDUCTION ACTIVITIES; MONO-ORTHO; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICANTS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS AB The environment has become contaminated with complex mixtures of planar, chlorinated hydrocarbons (PCHs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and structurally similar compounds. Because the potencies of individual congeners to cause the same adverse effects vary greatly and the relative as well as absolute concentrations of individual PCH vary among samples from different locations, it is difficult to assess the toxic effects of these mixtures on wildlife. These compounds can cause a number of adverse effects, however, because the toxic effects which occur at ecologically-relevant concentrations such as embryo-lethality and birth defects appear to be mediated through the same mechanism, the potency of individual congeners can be reported relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) which is the most toxic congener in the PCH class. The concentations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD Equivalents (TCDD-EQ) were determined in the tissues of aquatic and terrestrial birds of Green Bay, Wisconsin by the H4IIE bioassay system and compared toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) with the concentration predicted by the use of toxic equivalency factors applied to concentrations of PCH, which were determined by instrumental analyses. Concentrations of TCDD-EQ ranged from 0.52 to 440 ng/kg, wet weight. The greatest concentrations occurred in the fish-eating birds. Concentrations of TCDD-EQ, which were determined by the two methods were significantly correlated, but the additive model which used the TEFs with concentrations of measured PCB, PCDD and PCDF congeners underestimated the concentrations of TCDD-EQ measured by the H4IIE bioassay by an average of 57%. This is thought to be due to contributions from un-quantified PCH, which are known to occur in the environment. Of the quantified PCH congeners, PCDD and PCDF contributed a small portion of the TCDD-EQ in the aquatic birds, while most of the TCDD-EQ were due to non-ortho-substituted PCBs. In the terrestrial birds, the proportion of the TCDD-EQ contributed by the PCDD and PCDF was greater. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,PESTICIDE RES CTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,INST ENVIRONM TOXICOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. UNIV MINNESOTA,NAT RESOURCES RES INST,DULUTH,MN 55811. RI Jones, Paul/O-2046-2015 OI Jones, Paul/0000-0002-7483-5380 NR 70 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 24 IS 3 BP 345 EP 354 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KR032 UT WOS:A1993KR03200007 ER PT J AU SCHUYTEMA, GS NEBEKER, AV PETERSON, JA GRIFFIS, WL AF SCHUYTEMA, GS NEBEKER, AV PETERSON, JA GRIFFIS, WL TI EFFECTS OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL-CONTAMINATED FOOD ORGANISMS ON TOXICITY AND BIOACCUMULATION IN THE FROG XENOPUS-LAEVIS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERATOGENESIS; WATER AB Sub-adult African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) were fed pentachlorophenol (PCP)-injected mealworms containing 64.8 to 2604 ug of PCP per gram of worm for 27 days. There was no mortality and no significant bioaccumulation of PCP in the frogs. After three weeks, frogs fed 2,604 mug/g of PCP ceased eating. The no observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) based on significantly reduced food consumption (PCP-injected mealworms) was 638 mug/g. This corresponded to a NOAEL based on PCP intake of about 8 mug PCP/g frog/day. A toxicity threshold model estimated that about 800 mug/L of waterborne PCP may be a threshold for adverse effects in Xenopus or similar amphibians. Further study is needed to verify threshold estimates. C1 US EPA,ENV RES LAB CORVALLIS,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP SCHUYTEMA, GS (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB CORVALLIS,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 24 IS 3 BP 359 EP 364 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KR032 UT WOS:A1993KR03200009 PM 8470935 ER PT J AU DIXON, RK GARG, VK RAO, MV AF DIXON, RK GARG, VK RAO, MV TI INOCULATION OF LEUCAENA AND PROSOPIS SEEDLINGS WITH GLOMUS AND RHIZOBIUM SPECIES IN SALINE SOIL - RHIZOSPHERE RELATIONS AND SEEDLING GROWTH SO ARID SOIL RESEARCH AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE LEUCAENA; PROSOPIS; SALINE SOIL; VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; RHIZOBIA AB Leaucaena leucocephala and Prosopis juliflora seedlings were grown in a sandy loam and loamy clay soil amended with three concentrations of NaCl with and without the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatum and a Rhizobium isolate. After 16 weeks in glasshouse culture L. leucocephala and P. juliflora plants inoculated with G. fasciculatum and Rhizobium developed abundant vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) and root nodules in the sandy loam soil without NaCl amendments. In contrast, root system colonization by both rhizosphere symbionts was reduced in the loamy clay soil. In the absence of NaCl, plants inoculated with combinations of VAM and rhizobia had significantly greater total dry weight, tissue phosphorus concentration, and leaf area compared to seedlings colonized with individual symbionts in both soils. Although NaCl amendments greater than 40 and 80 mM decreased mycorrhizal colonization, number of chlamydospores, and root system nodulation by rhizobia, dry weight and tissue P concentration of plants colonized with VAM fungi and rhizobia were generally larger than those of seedlings colonized with only rhizobia. These data suggest that dual inoculation with VAM fungi and rhizobia isolates may help Leucaena and Prosopis species mitigate the adverse effects of NaCl on juvenile growth and development. RP DIXON, RK (reprint author), US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0890-3069 J9 ARID SOIL RES REHAB JI Arid Soil Res. Rehabil. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2 BP 133 EP 144 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA LL464 UT WOS:A1993LL46400005 ER PT J AU PLEIL, JD MCCLENNY, WA HOLDREN, MW POLLACK, AJ OLIVER, KD AF PLEIL, JD MCCLENNY, WA HOLDREN, MW POLLACK, AJ OLIVER, KD TI SPATIALLY RESOLVED MONITORING FOR VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS USING REMOTE SECTOR SAMPLING SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; WIND DIRECTION; SECTOR SAMPLING; AMBIENT AIR ANALYSIS; AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING ID AIR; TRANSPORT; AEROSOL AB Sector sampling for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is conducted within an integrated sampling scheme and relies on a wind direction sensor. The wind sensor directs whole air, sampled at a constant rate, into either an ''IN'' sector canister or an ''OUT'' sector canister; when the wind comes from the suspected emissions area, sample is routed into the IN sector canister, otherwise, sample is collected in the OUT sector canister. This method is analogous to ''upwind/downwind'' sampling but does not require two distinct sites or manual sampler control. For this set of experiments, the IN and OUT sectors were 90 and 270-degrees, respectively, and the IN sector was centered on the VOC source. Two sampling sites were used. The first was about 2 miles north-northeast of a group of industrial facilities, and the second was located about 1 mile south-southeast of the same sources. Sites were operated concurrently with one sampler each; a third sampler was rotated between the sites to obtain duplicate samples. The air samples were analysed by gas chromatography for VOCs. The resultant data comparisons between IN and OUT duplicate samples show good correlation with expected VOC emissions, which were determined by grab samples within the target area. A t-test method for interpreting the sometimes subtle differences between IN and OUT sample data is presented. C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP PLEIL, JD (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD APR PY 1993 VL 27 IS 5 BP 739 EP 747 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90191-Z PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KY381 UT WOS:A1993KY38100010 ER PT J AU SOLOMON, PR GROCCIAELLISON, M FLYNN, D MIRAK, J EDWARDS, KR DUNEHEW, A STANTON, ME AF SOLOMON, PR GROCCIAELLISON, M FLYNN, D MIRAK, J EDWARDS, KR DUNEHEW, A STANTON, ME TI DISRUPTION OF HUMAN EYEBLINK CONDITIONING AFTER CENTRAL CHOLINERGIC BLOCKADE WITH SCOPOLAMINE SO BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NICTITATING-MEMBRANE RESPONSE; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; LATENT INHIBITION; HUMAN MEMORY; RABBITS; HIPPOCAMPUS; ACQUISITION; DEMENTIA; PARADIGM AB Human (Homo sapiens) volunteers (N = 72) received saline, a low dose of oral scopolamine (0.6 mg), a high dose of oral scopolamine (1.2 mg), or a peripheral analogue (glycopyrrolate). They then underwent classical conditioning of the eyeblink response to a tone conditioned stimulus (CS) and a corneal airpuff unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in a delay conditioning paradigm. There was a dose-related decline in acquisition of the conditioned response. These drug-induced conditioning deficits were similar to those previously reported in rabbit eyeblink conditioning and could not be attributed to such nonassociative factors as changes in auditory thresholds to the tone CS, magnitude of reflexive blinks to the airpuff UCS, or to changes in spontaneous blink rates. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. WILLIAMS COLL,PROGRAM NEUROSCI,WILLIAMSTOWN,MA 01267. RP SOLOMON, PR (reprint author), WILLIAMS COLL,BRONFMAN SCI CTR,DEPT PSYCHOL,WILLIAMSTOWN,MA 01267, USA. NR 54 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0735-7044 J9 BEHAV NEUROSCI JI Behav. Neurosci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 107 IS 2 BP 271 EP 279 DI 10.1037/0735-7044.107.2.271 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA KY271 UT WOS:A1993KY27100007 PM 8387313 ER PT J AU KASHMANIAN, RM AF KASHMANIAN, RM TI WORDS ARE IMPORTANT SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Editorial Material RP KASHMANIAN, RM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLICY PLANNING & EDUC,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD APR PY 1993 VL 34 IS 4 BP 100 EP 101 PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA KZ625 UT WOS:A1993KZ62500021 ER PT J AU EILERS, JM LANDERS, DH NEWELL, AD MITCH, ME MORRISON, M FORD, J AF EILERS, JM LANDERS, DH NEWELL, AD MITCH, ME MORRISON, M FORD, J TI MAJOR ION CHEMISTRY OF LAKES ON THE KENAI PENINSULA, ALASKA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE WATERS; DEPOSITION; CLASSIFICATION; ACIDIFICATION; PRECIPITATION; ACIDITY; SOILS AB We characterized the major ion chemistry of over 800 lakes on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, from a probability sample of 59 lakes (August 1988). There were two groups: alkalinity < 300 mueq/L (78% of the lakes) and alkalinity > 700 mueq/L. Low-alkalinity lakes had significantly lower concentrations of base cations and silica and significantly higher average concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) than high-alkalinity lakes. Despite widespread acidic soils and bog vegetation, and resulting high DOC concentrations, none of the lakes sampled was acidic. Sulfate concentrations (approximately 3 mueq/L) were similar in the two groups, as were Cl- concentrations, which decreased with distance from the coast. High-alkalinity lakes were similar chemically to rivers and shallow aquifers in the region, suggesting that the high alkalinity is a product of the major weathering reactions in this terrain; the substantially different ratios of base cations in the two groups also indicate quantitative and qualitative weathering differences. Low-alkalinity lakes were at higher elevations than high-alkalinity lakes, presumably in groundwater recharge zones. Consequently, the chemical differences between the two lake groups appeared to be controlled by relatively small differences in local hydrologic setting, and possibly by differences in mineralogy along the groundwater flowpaths. C1 US EPA,MANTECH INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. UTAH STATE UNIV,UTAH WATER RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84332. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP EILERS, JM (reprint author), E&S ENVIRONM CHEM INC,POB 609,CORVALLIS,OR 97339, USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 50 IS 4 BP 816 EP 826 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LK199 UT WOS:A1993LK19900016 ER PT J AU DIXON, RK KRANKINA, ON AF DIXON, RK KRANKINA, ON TI FOREST-FIRES IN RUSSIA - CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE CHANGE; BOREAL FOREST; BIOMASS; EXCHANGE; SOIL AB Boreal forests of Russia play a prominent role in the global carbon cycle and the flux of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Large areas of Russian forest burn annually, and contributions to the net flux of carbon to the atmosphere may be significant. Forest fire emissions were calculated for the years 1971-1991 using fire frequency and distribution data and fuel and carbon density for different forest ecoregions of Russia. Both direct carbon release and indirect post-fire biogenic carbon flux were estimated. From 1971 to 1991 the annual total forest area burned by wildfire ranged from 1.41 X 10(6) to 10.0 X 10(6) ha. Approximately 15 000 - 25 000 forest fires occurred annually during this period. Mean annual direct CO2-C emissions from wildfire was approximately 0.05 Pg over this 21 -year period. Total post-fire biogenic CO2-C emissions for 1971-1991 ranged from 2.5 to 5.9 Pg (0.12-0.28 Pg annually). Forest fires and other disturbances are expected to be a primary mechanism driving vegetation change associated with projected global climate change. Future forest fire scenarios in Russia based on general circulation model projections suggest that up to 30-50% of the land surface area, or 334 x 10(6) to 631 x 10(6) ha of forest, will be affected. An additional 6.7 x 10(6) to 12.6 x 10(6) ha of Russian boreal forest are projected to burn annually if general circulation model based vegetation-change scenarios are achieved within the next 50 years. The direct flux Of CO2-C from future forest fires is estimated to total 6.1-10.7 Pg over a 50-year period. Indirect post-fire biogenic release of greenhouse gases in the future is expected to be two to six times greater than direct emissions. Forest management and fire-control activities may help reduce wildfire severity and mitigate the associated pulse of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. C1 ST PETERSBURG FORESTRY ACAD,ST PETERSBURG 194048,RUSSIA. RP DIXON, RK (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 60 TC 74 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 19 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1993 VL 23 IS 4 BP 700 EP 705 DI 10.1139/x93-091 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LF595 UT WOS:A1993LF59500017 ER PT J AU BEACH, AC AGARWAL, SC LAMBERT, GR NESNOW, S GUPTA, RC AF BEACH, AC AGARWAL, SC LAMBERT, GR NESNOW, S GUPTA, RC TI REACTION OF CYCLOPENTA[C,D]PYRENE-3,4-EPOXIDE WITH DNA AND DEOXYNUCLEOTIDES SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Note ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TUMOR-INITIATING ACTIVITY; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; CARBON-BLACK; MOUSE SKIN; IDENTIFICATION; BENZOPYRENE; CARCINOGEN; ADDUCTS; CYCLOPENTENOPYRENE AB Cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene (CPP) is a widespread polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic activity. The trans isomer of 3,4-dihydro-3,4-dihydroxy-cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene has been shown to be the major metabolic product of CPP in rat, mouse or human microsomal systems, as well as in peroxyl radical-generating systems, indicating the preferential formation of its obligatory precursor, CPP-3,4-epoxide. The direct mutagenicity of CPP-3,4-epoxide, the inactivity of 3,4-dihydro-CPP and the DNA adduct forming capacity of CPP in vivo has prompted analysis of the DNA adducts produced by CPP-3,4-epoxide to provide information pertaining to: (i) the role this postulated major ultimate mutagenic metabolite may play in the formation of DNA adducts in vivo; (ii) the base selectivity of CPP-3,4-epoxide DNA adducts; and (iii) the role of CPP-3,4-epoxide in the mutagenicity/carcinogenicity of CPP. CPP-3,4-epoxide was reacted with calf thymus DNA, dGp, dAp, dTp, dCp, poly dG-dC, poly dA-dT and poly dG. Adducts were analyzed by the butanol-enhanced version of P-32-postlabeling. Four major and at least three minor adducts formed with DNA in vitro, which were further analyzed for their base selectivity. A similar spectrum of adducts was exhibited by dGp, poly dG-dC and poly dG. dCp, dTp, and dAp formed one, two, and four adducts respectively. The relative binding in adducts per 107 nucleotides was in the following descending order: dGp (6000), poly dG-dC (5800), dTp (5300), dAp (4800), calf thymus DNA (3800), poly dA-dT (2300), poly dG (2600) and dCp (20). Adducts derived from either dGp, poly dG-dC or poly dG co-migrated with the DNA adducts in three solvent systems, indicating that CPP-3,4-epoxide forms DNA adducts almost exclusively with deoxyguanosine. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,GRAD CTR TOXICOL,207 FUNKHOUSER BLDG,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT PREVENT MED,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-07266-02] NR 44 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD APR PY 1993 VL 14 IS 4 BP 767 EP 771 DI 10.1093/carcin/14.4.767 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA KW704 UT WOS:A1993KW70400038 PM 8472345 ER PT J AU BAUDGRASSET, F BAUDGRASSET, S SAFFERMAN, SI AF BAUDGRASSET, F BAUDGRASSET, S SAFFERMAN, SI TI EVALUATION OF THE BIOREMEDIATION OF A CONTAMINATED SOIL WITH PHYTOTOXICITY TESTS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE SEED GERMINATION; ROOT ELONGATION; BIOREMEDIATION; PAH; SOIL ID TOXICITY AB The fungal remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in contaminated soil from a hazardous waste site was evaluated in a pilot-scale treatability study. Higher plants were selected to evaluate the overall reduction in toxicity in the soil after fungal treatment because toxicity of a complex chemical mixture often is not easily measured by chemical analyses and disappearance of parent compounds may not indicate detoxification of the soil. Seed germination tests using soil samples and root elongation tests using soil eluates were conducted with three different species (lettuce, oat, and millet) before and after treatment. Phytotoxicity tests revealed significant detoxification of the soil after treatment with a good correlation with parent compound depletion. The seed germination test appeared to be more sensitive than the root elongation test, suggesting that the toxic compounds were not easily extracted from the soil to the aqueous solution. This study indicates that phytotoxicity tests have good potential to be used as an environmental tool to assess the efficacy of a remediation technology for site clean-up. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. US EPA,INT TECHNOL CORP,TEST & EVALUAT FACIL,CINCINNATI,OH 45208. NR 18 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD APR PY 1993 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1365 EP 1374 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90187-A PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KY878 UT WOS:A1993KY87800009 ER PT J AU LEVEE, GJ OBERHELMAN, L ANDERSON, T KOREN, H COOPER, KD AF LEVEE, GJ OBERHELMAN, L ANDERSON, T KOREN, H COOPER, KD TI SHORT-WAVE UVA EFFECTS ON HUMAN SKIN ARE SIMILAR TO UVB WITH REGARD TO DEPRESSION OF IMMUNIZATION RATES, INDUCTION OF TOLERANCE AND INFLUX OF CD1A-CD36+ EPIDERMAL-CELLS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT DERMATOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP A456 EP A456 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA KW761 UT WOS:A1993KW76101945 ER PT J AU PETERSON, BJ DEEGAN, L HELFRICH, J HOBBIE, JE HULLAR, M MOLLER, B FORD, TE HERSHEY, A HILTNER, A KIPPHUT, G LOCK, MA FIEBIG, DM MCKINLEY, V MILLER, MC VESTAL, JR VENTULLO, R VOLK, G AF PETERSON, BJ DEEGAN, L HELFRICH, J HOBBIE, JE HULLAR, M MOLLER, B FORD, TE HERSHEY, A HILTNER, A KIPPHUT, G LOCK, MA FIEBIG, DM MCKINLEY, V MILLER, MC VESTAL, JR VENTULLO, R VOLK, G TI BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF A TUNDRA RIVER TO FERTILIZATION SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES; FISH; GRAZING; INVERTEBRATES; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; STREAM FERTILIZATION; TUNDRA RIVER ID NUTRIENT LIMITATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; STREAM ECOSYSTEM; ARCTIC LAKE; PHOSPHORUS; CARBON; PERIPHYTON; FLOW; DECOMPOSITION; MINERALIZATION AB Phosphorus fertilization of a pristine tundra river for four consecutive summers dramatically changed biological processes and populations at all trophic levels. At the primary producer level, both algal biomass and productivity increased and chlorophyll accumulated on the river bottom in the first two summers. Diatom community composition changed little in spite of large chlorophyll changes. However, an increase in grazing insects prevented chlorophyll buildup in the third and fourth summers. Some microbial processes were also stimulated by the increased photosynthesis caused by fertilization. Total respiration of the epilithon, acetate uptake, and decomposition of lignin monomers were all stimulated but only in light-grown epilithon. When epilithon was grown in the dark in the fertilized region of the river, there was no increased respiration. Also, phosphorus did not stimulate the decomposition of Carex litter. Although insects grew more rapidly in the fertilized section of the river, there were community interactions that kept total insect production from appreciable change. The four most abundant large insects did increase their growth rates in response to phosphorus addition and there were increases in populations of Baetis lapponicus and Brachycentrus americanus. These increases were offset by the decline in abundance of the dominant species, the black fly Prosimulium martini, perhaps caused by competition for space from Brachycentrus. Growth of both young-of-the-year and adult grayling (Thymallus arcticus) was strongly stimulated by phosphorus addition in years 3 and 4 (not tested in years 1 and 2). Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope tracers indicated that the measured increases in insect and fish growth were largely attributable to increases in the production of epilithic algae. Overall, the results indicate a strong ''bottom-up'' response of the riverine food web to additions of the limiting nutrient, phosphorus. The response was modified in later years, however, by a strong ''top-down'' feedback of insects grazing on epilithic algae and by competitive exclusion of black flies by caddisflies. C1 HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV MINNESOTA,CTR WATER & ENVIRONM,NAT RESOURCES RES INST,DULUTH,MN 55811. US EPA,CHICAGO,IL 60604. UNIV ALASKA,INST MARINE SCI,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701. UNIV COLL N WALES,SCH ANIM BIOL,BANGOR LL57 2UW,GWYNEDD,WALES. ROOSEVELT UNIV,DEPT BIOL,CHICAGO,IL 60605. UNIV DAYTON,DEPT BIOL,DAYTON,OH 45469. RP PETERSON, BJ (reprint author), MARINE BIOL LAB,CTR ECOSYST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 61 TC 230 Z9 235 U1 8 U2 64 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 1993 VL 74 IS 3 BP 653 EP 672 DI 10.2307/1940794 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KU399 UT WOS:A1993KU39900002 ER PT J AU FOLINSBEE, LJ AF FOLINSBEE, LJ TI HUMAN HEALTH-EFFECTS OF AIR-POLLUTION SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review ID DIOXIDE-INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE EXPOSURE; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; SULFURIC-ACID AEROSOL; PULMONARY-FUNCTION CHANGES; ISCHEMIC HEART-DISEASE; LEVEL OZONE EXPOSURE; PPM NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; BLOOD LEAD LEVELS AB Over the past three or four decades, there have been important advances in the understanding of the actions, exposure-response characteristics, and mechanisms of action of many common air pollutants. A multidisciplinary approach using epidemiology, animal toxicology, and controlled human exposure studies has contributed to the database. This review will emphasize studies of humans but will also draw on findings from the other disciplines. Air pollutants have been shown to cause responses ranging from reversible changes in respiratory symptoms and lung function, changes in airway reactivity and inflammation, structural remodeling of pulmonary airways, and impairment of pulmonary host defenses, to increased respiratory morbidity and mortality. Quantitative and qualitative understanding of the effects of a small group of air pollutants has advanced considerably, but the understanding is by no means complete, and the breadth of effects of all air pollutants is only partially understood. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 218 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 10 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 1993 VL 100 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.2307/3431520 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LF734 UT WOS:A1993LF73400006 PM 8354181 ER PT J AU LEWTAS, J AF LEWTAS, J TI COMPLEX-MIXTURES OF AIR-POLLUTANTS - CHARACTERIZING THE CANCER RISK OF POLYCYCLIC ORGANIC-MATTER SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID MOTOR-VEHICLE EMISSIONS; COMBUSTION EMISSIONS; LUNG-CANCER; DNA DAMAGE; MOUSE SKIN; XUAN-WEI; MUTAGENICITY; CARCINOGENICITY; POLLUTION; ADDUCTS AB Complex mixtures of polycyclic organic matter (POM) are used to illustrate the scientific problems and issues associated with characterizing the comparative risk of related complex mixtures. The complexity of mixtures in which the active components are not well characterized present special challenges, which include identifying the critical components of mixtures, their sources, and the appropriate biomarker(s) of exposure and dose; developing the appropriate experimental models for dose-response assessment; species extrapolation; and developing a scientific basis for predicting from one mixture to another. Strategies for addressing these issues include bioassay-directed chemical characterization of bioactive components of complex mixtures, apportionment methods to determine the source of biological activity and risk, DNA adduct methods to determine tissue exposure and target dose of mixtures, and comparative approaches to determining the relative similarity, potency, and risk of complex mixtures. Epidemiological data are available for humans exposed to POM from coke ovens, coal roofing tar, coal smoke, aluminum smelters, and cigarette smoke. These emissions are characterized and compared to POM from automotive emissions (diesel and gasoline), woodstove emissions, residential oil furnace emissions, and ambient air particles. The tumor potency and estimated cancer risks for these POM mixtures ranges over nearly three orders of magnitude. RP LEWTAS, J (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 39 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 1993 VL 100 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.2307/3431527 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LF734 UT WOS:A1993LF73400013 PM 8354169 ER PT J AU BECKING, GC BOYES, WK DAMSTRA, T MACPHAIL, RC AF BECKING, GC BOYES, WK DAMSTRA, T MACPHAIL, RC TI ASSESSING THE NEUROTOXIC POTENTIAL OF CHEMICALS - A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON NEUROBEHAVIORAL METHODS AND EFFECTS IN OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CY JUL 08-11, 1991 CL TOKYO, JAPAN ID EVOKED-POTENTIALS; TRIMETHYLTIN; TOXICOLOGY; CHLORDIMEFORM; RAT C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP BECKING, GC (reprint author), WHO,INT PROGRAMME CHEM SAFETY,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 61 IS 1 BP 164 EP 175 DI 10.1006/enrs.1993.1061 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KY556 UT WOS:A1993KY55600018 PM 8472671 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, WE AF FREEMAN, WE TI ENVIRONMENTAL ASSISTANCE TO THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATES SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP FREEMAN, WE (reprint author), US EPA,OFF INT ACT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 27 IS 4 BP 608 EP 609 DI 10.1021/es00041a600 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KU952 UT WOS:A1993KU95200014 ER PT J AU MUELLER, JG LANTZ, SE ROSS, D COLVIN, RJ MIDDAUGH, DP PRITCHARD, PH AF MUELLER, JG LANTZ, SE ROSS, D COLVIN, RJ MIDDAUGH, DP PRITCHARD, PH TI STRATEGY USING BIOREACTORS AND SPECIALLY SELECTED MICROORGANISMS FOR BIOREMEDIATION OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATED WITH CREOSOTE AND PENTACHLOROPHENOL SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES; SURFACTANT DODECYL-SULFATE; BENCH-SCALE EVALUATION; PHASE BIOREMEDIATION; SOIL; BIODEGRADATION; REMEDIATION; REMOVAL AB A two-stage, sequential inoculation bioreactor strategy for the bioremediation of groundwater contaminated with creosote and pentachlorophenol (PCP) was evaluated at bench scale (1.2 L) and pilot scale (454 L). Bioreactor performance using specially selected microorganisms was assessed according to chemical analyses of system influent, effluent, and bioreactor residues, a chemical mass balance evaluation, and comparative biological toxicity and teratogenicity measurements. During pilot-scale operations, the concentration of creosote constituents was reduced from ca. 1000 ppm in the groundwater feed (flow rate 114 L/day) to <9 ppm in the system effluent (total removal efficiency of >99%). Notably, the cumulative concentration of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was reduced from 368 ppm in the feed to 5.2 ppm in the system effluent. Moreover, the toxicity and teratogenicity of the bioreactor effluent were significantly reduced. In general, field data correlated well with those obtained from bench-scale studies. C1 ERM GRP,EXTON,PA. US EPA,ERL,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP MUELLER, JG (reprint author), SBP TECHNOL INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 36 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 27 IS 4 BP 691 EP 698 DI 10.1021/es00041a012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KU952 UT WOS:A1993KU95200022 ER PT J AU PITCHFORD, M JOHNSON, B AF PITCHFORD, M JOHNSON, B TI EMPIRICAL-MODEL OF VEHICLE EMISSIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB An empirical model that characterizes the relationship between equilibrium vehicle emission distributions and malfunction, repair, and replacement rates by splitting vehicles into two emission categories has been developed. Gross emitters and clean vehicles are defined by the magnitude of their emissions compared to an arbitrarily chosen cut point. The model is used to predict emission changes resulting from changes in any of the three rates, by determining the new equilibrium distribution of vehicles. Remotely sensed vehicle emission measurements made in Las Vegas, NV, are used to demonstrate the capabilities of the model to evaluate various inspection and maintenance (I/M) program options. The emission cut point for repair is shown to establish the cost per ton of reduction, and the maximum emission reduction limit (i.e., all vehicles in the clean category), while the frequency of repair determines the amount of emission reduction up to the cut-point determined limit. C1 UNIV NEVADA,DEPT CHEM,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. RP PITCHFORD, M (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 27 IS 4 BP 741 EP 748 DI 10.1021/es00041a019 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KU952 UT WOS:A1993KU95200029 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, C HOST, GE ARTHUR, JW AF RICHARDS, C HOST, GE ARTHUR, JW TI IDENTIFICATION OF PREDOMINANT ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS STRUCTURING STREAM MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES WITHIN A LARGE AGRICULTURAL CATCHMENT SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RUNNING-WATER SITES; SUBSTRATE SIZE; GREAT-BRITAIN; CLASSIFICATION; PREDICTION; ECOLOGY; INSECTS AB 1. Patterns of macroinvertebrate community composition were examined in streams within a 40000-kM2 catchment in central Michigan, U.S.A., to identify the major environmental gradients influencing community variation. Agriculture and associated clay and sandy soils predominated in much of the region. 2. Eighty macroinvertebrate taxa were collected from stream surveys conducted during May and August 1990. Community composition varied primarily by the proportions of Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera. Benthic communities from the heaviest agricultural zones were most different from those at other sites. 3. Chemical composition among the sites varied most in relation to nutrients (NH3, NO3, PO4). Other parameters were relatively similar. Physical characteristics of the sites were scored in six habitat categories: (i) substrate characteristics, (ii) instream cover, (iii) channel morphology, (iv) riparian zone and stream-bank conditions, (v) riffle/run quality, (vi) pool quality. Most physical habitat scores were lowest in the intense agriculture zones. 4. The relative importance of physical and chemical variables in explaining variation in macroinvertebrate communities was quantified using canonical correspondence analysis. Substrate characteristics were most important in both surveys. Significant correlations (P < 0.05 and P < 0. 10) were observed between substrate quality and total numbers of Ephemeropteran, Plecopteran, and Trichopteran taxa. These relationships reflected correlations from sites in the clay soil-type region (P < 0.01 and P < 0. 10) which contrasted with non-significant results from the less impacted, sandy soil-type region. 5. Effective stream restoration efforts in this region will require the alteration of local land-use activities that influence the physical habitat. Further development of empirical relationships between catchment activities and substrate and channel characteristics within natural geomorphic regions is essential for the evaluation of restoration projects. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP RICHARDS, C (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,NAT RESOURCES RES INST,5013 MILLER TRUNK HWY,DULUTH,MN 55811, USA. NR 28 TC 141 Z9 149 U1 5 U2 45 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 29 IS 2 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00764.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KY583 UT WOS:A1993KY58300010 ER PT J AU MEDINSKY, MA KIMBELL, JS MORRIS, JB GERDE, P OVERTON, JH AF MEDINSKY, MA KIMBELL, JS MORRIS, JB GERDE, P OVERTON, JH TI ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICALLY BASED MODELS FOR RESPIRATORY-TRACT UPTAKE OF INHALED VOLATILES SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID F344 RAT; METABOLISM; VAPORS; PHARMACOKINETICS; SIMULATION; DEPOSITION; TOXICITY; BENZENE; HUMANS; GASES C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH PHARM,TOXICOL PROGRAM,STORRS,CT 06269. NATL INST OCCUPAT HLTH,S-17184 SOLNA,SWEDEN. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP MEDINSKY, MA (reprint author), CHEM IND INST TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 20 IS 3 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1006/faat.1993.1035 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KZ304 UT WOS:A1993KZ30400001 PM 8504900 ER PT J AU GRAY, LE OSTBY, J MARSHALL, R ANDREWS, J AF GRAY, LE OSTBY, J MARSHALL, R ANDREWS, J TI REPRODUCTIVE AND THYROID EFFECTS OF LOW-LEVEL POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL (AROCLOR-1254) EXPOSURE SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PCB; RAT; MICE; METABOLISM; MILK C1 US EPA,HERL,DTD,PERINATAL TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP GRAY, LE (reprint author), US EPA,HERL,DTD,REPROD BRANCH,MD-72,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 46 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 20 IS 3 BP 288 EP 294 DI 10.1006/faat.1993.1038 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KZ304 UT WOS:A1993KZ30400004 PM 8504902 ER PT J AU DORMAN, DC DYE, JA NASSISE, MP EKUTA, J BOLON, B MEDINSKY, MA AF DORMAN, DC DYE, JA NASSISE, MP EKUTA, J BOLON, B MEDINSKY, MA TI ACUTE METHANOL TOXICITY IN MINIPIGS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC-ACIDOSIS; OCULAR TOXICITY; FORMATE METABOLISM; FORMIC-ACID; MONKEY; RAT; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ETHANOL; MODEL C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,RALEIGH,NC 27607. RP DORMAN, DC (reprint author), CHEM IND INST TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES05558] NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 20 IS 3 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1006/faat.1993.1044 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KZ304 UT WOS:A1993KZ30400010 PM 8504908 ER PT J AU WURZELMANN, JI SCHREINEMACHERS, DM SANDLER, RS EVERSON, RB AF WURZELMANN, JI SCHREINEMACHERS, DM SANDLER, RS EVERSON, RB TI SERUM VITAMIN-A AND THE RISK OF COLORECTAL-CANCER SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,GEN CLIN RES CTR,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR GASTROINTESTINAL BIOL & DIS,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. US EPA,HERL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1993 VL 104 IS 4 SU S BP A463 EP A463 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA KX957 UT WOS:A1993KX95701840 ER PT J AU NELSON, NS PUSKIN, JS NELSON, CB AF NELSON, NS PUSKIN, JS NELSON, CB TI MISSTATEMENT ON RADIUM DIAL WORKER - REPLY SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Letter RP NELSON, NS (reprint author), US EPA, OFF RADIAT & INDOOR AIR, MAIL STOP 6602J, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD APR PY 1993 VL 64 IS 4 BP 433 EP 434 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA LN111 UT WOS:A1993LN11100015 ER PT J AU HOELSCHER, JR NUTTLE, WK HARVEY, JW AF HOELSCHER, JR NUTTLE, WK HARVEY, JW TI THE CALIBRATION AND USE OF PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS IN TENSIOMETER SYSTEMS SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS; TENSIOMETERS; MEAN-SQUARED ERROR; CALIBRATION AB The uncertainty in a transducer/tensiometer system was assessed with temperature and pressure calibrations. A reference transducer/tensiometer pair was used to factor out temperature related deviations from two monitoring pairs. The reference pair removed most of the deviations, resulting in a high estimate of precision. In contrast to earlier reports of high accuracy, these estimates of accuracy were considerably reduced by a time correlated residual pattern. The calibrations suggested that the electronic components may be responsible for these residual errors and illustrated the need for experimentation which isolates the error among groups of components. The complexity of transducer/tensiometer networks, and the differing response of each component to thermal loading, demonstrated the necessity of using a reference system, which when properly designed can yield reliable pressure readings for soil water. RP HOELSCHER, JR (reprint author), US EPA,DIV WASTE MANAGEMENT,OFF RCRA,REG V,INDIANA SECT,77 W JACKSON BLVD,CHICAGO,IL 60604, USA. RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1002/hyp.3360070210 PG 7 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA KZ958 UT WOS:A1993KZ95800009 ER PT J AU JAMES, RR MILLER, JC LIGHTHART, B AF JAMES, RR MILLER, JC LIGHTHART, B TI BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS VAR KURSTAKI AFFECTS A BENEFICIAL INSECT, THE CINNABAR MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, ARCTIIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; CINNABAR MOTH; TYRIA-JACOBAEAE ID CHORISTONEURA-FUMIFERANA LEPIDOPTERA; SPRUCE BUDWORM; TORTRICIDAE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The microbial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki is used to control forest pests in regions where tansy ragwort, Senecio jacobaea L., occurs. Biological control of this noxious weed may be compromised if the cinnabar moth, Tyria jacobaeae (L.), is susceptible to B. thuringiensis. In laboratory feeding tests, we found that foliage dipped in B. thuringiensis solutions had very little effect on survival of first, second, and third instars, but fourth and fifth instars were susceptible; LC50s were 0.31 and 0.22 mg formulation per ml (Dipel-hg; potency 4,320 IU/mg), respectively. Field tests were done to test the effect of B. thuringiensis on larval defoliation of potted tansy ragwort plants at five different application rates. The application rate significantly affected percentage of leaves defoliated and mean number of cinnabar moth-days per plant. In both control plants and those treated with B. thuringiensis, defoliation by cinnabar moth did not affect plant biomass within the 10-d course of the experiment. Results of the laboratory and field experiments suggest that the pesticide could interfere with the biological control of tansy ragwort if applied to areas where the weed occurs and when late-instar cinnabar moths are active. However, most applications for western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, and gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), occur when only early instars of cinnabar moth are present. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP JAMES, RR (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 21 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 86 IS 2 BP 334 EP 339 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KW124 UT WOS:A1993KW12400021 ER PT J AU SAROKIN, D SCHULKIN, J AF SAROKIN, D SCHULKIN, J TI THE NECESSITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY C1 UNIV PENN, DEPT DECIS SCI, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. NIMH, NEUROENDOCRINOL BRANCH, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RP SAROKIN, D (reprint author), US EPA, TS-792A, 401 M ST SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 1993 VL 37 IS 4 BP 259 EP 280 DI 10.1006/jema.1993.1021 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LB214 UT WOS:A1993LB21400002 ER PT J AU HOLDREN, GR STRICKLAND, TC SHAFFER, PW RYAN, PF RINGOLD, PL TURNER, RS AF HOLDREN, GR STRICKLAND, TC SHAFFER, PW RYAN, PF RINGOLD, PL TURNER, RS TI SENSITIVITY OF CRITICAL LOAD ESTIMATES FOR SURFACE WATERS TO MODEL SELECTION AND REGIONALIZATION SCHEMES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ACIDIC DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; ACIDIFICATION; CHEMISTRY; ECOSYSTEMS; STRATEGIES; RAIN AB A critical load is the amount of atmospheric pollutant that can be deposited on a sensitive ecosystem without causing measurable, longterm degradation in ecosystem form or function. We compare several methods for making critical load estimates of SO4 deposition to lakes; these methods are among those identified by participants in the United Nations-Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. The models were originally developed to address surface water acidification issues. Critical loads are computed here as the levels of deposition required to reduce surface water acid neutralizing capacities (ANC) from present values to either 25 mueq L-1 or 0 mueq L-1. These end points were selected to provide a common basis for comparing critical load values obtained from the various models, and are not intended to provide definitive critical load estimates. Using the amount of deposition required to decrease steady-state surface water ANC values from 25 to 0 mueq L-1, about 9 +/- 2 kgSO4 ha-1 yr-1 in the northeastern USA as a basis for comparison, we find that models make significantly different projections regarding ecosystem sensitivites to deposition. For lakes with critical load values in the range of current deposition in the Northeast (i.e., 18-56 kg SO4 ha-1 yr-1), model results differ by as much as 82 kg SO4 ha-1 yr-1. Differences in results are observed not only between models, but within models when slightly different approaches are used for estimating certain parameters. The interpretation of model results depends strongly on how systems are grouped regionally. While the results suggest that reductions in deposition from current levels would reduce adverse effects in sensitive lakes, the magnitude and timing of the reductions necessary and the determination of appropriate population end points are decisions that will ultimately be made by risk managers rather than risk assessors. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20012. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 22 IS 2 BP 279 EP 289 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LE947 UT WOS:A1993LE94700008 ER PT J AU TRATNYEK, PG WOLFE, NL AF TRATNYEK, PG WOLFE, NL TI OXIDATION AND ACIDIFICATION OF ANAEROBIC SEDIMENT-WATER SYSTEMS BY AUTOCLAVING SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Note ID STERILIZATION METHODS; SOIL; DEGRADATION; PARATHION AB The effect of autoclaving on the acid/base and redox properties of anaerobic sediment slurries was determined to facilitate the interpretation of autoclaved controls in studies of environmental reduction reactions. Autoclaving decreased electrode measurements of pH by 0.26 to 0.68 units and increased electrode measurements of Eh by 34 to 94 mV. To corroborate this effect, we added redox indicators to the slurries and observed that autoclaving caused a shift in color consistent with the change in electrode measurements. Further investigation demonstrated that the observed effects are a common characteristic of autoclaving anaerobic sediment and are not limited to very restricted sediment types and are not artifacts of the way the experiments were performed. C1 US EPA,ENVIRON RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP TRATNYEK, PG (reprint author), OREGON GRAD INST SCI & TECHNOL,DEP ENVIRON SCI & ENG,19600 NW VONNEUMANN DR,BEAVERTON,OR 97006, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 22 IS 2 BP 375 EP 378 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LE947 UT WOS:A1993LE94700019 ER PT J AU WINJUM, JK MEGANCK, RA DIXON, RK AF WINJUM, JK MEGANCK, RA DIXON, RK TI EXPANDING GLOBAL FOREST MANAGEMENT - AN EASY 1ST PROPOSAL SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 UN,ENVIRONM PROGRAMME,CARIBBEAN REG UNIT,KINGSTON,JAMAICA. US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,GLOBAL MITIGAT & ADAPT PROGRAM,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP WINJUM, JK (reprint author), US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,NATL COUNCIL AIR & STREAM IMPROVEMENT,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 4 BP 38 EP 42 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KV380 UT WOS:A1993KV38000022 ER PT J AU LEVEE, GJ OBERHELMAN, L ANDERSON, T KOREN, H COOPER, KD AF LEVEE, GJ OBERHELMAN, L ANDERSON, T KOREN, H COOPER, KD TI SHORT-WAVE UVA EFFECTS ON HUMAN SKIN ARE SIMILAR TO UVB WITH REGARD TO DEPRESSION OF IMMUNIZATION RATES, INDUCTION OF TOLERANCE AND INFLUX OF CD1A-CD36+ EPIDERMAL-CELLS SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT DERMATOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 100 IS 4 BP 562 EP 562 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA KW395 UT WOS:A1993KW39500741 ER PT J AU RANDALL, PM GAVASKAR, AR AF RANDALL, PM GAVASKAR, AR TI EVALUATION OF FILTRATION AND DISTILLATION METHODS FOR RECYCLING AUTOMOTIVE COOLANT SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB This evaluation addresses the product quality, waste reduction, and economic issues involved in recycling automotive and heavy-duty engine coolants at a New Jersey Department of Transportation garage. The specific recycling units evaluated are based on the technologies of filtration and distillation. Results show that the filtration unit evaluated needs improvement to ensure an acceptable quality of the recycled coolant. Distillation results show that this technology provides acceptable product quality and good waste reduction and economic potential. The New Jersey garage could potentially reduce waste from over 8000 gals/yr to approximately 400 gal/yr. The recycled product in the distillation evaluation passed selected ASTM performance tests. Boiling point, freezing point, pH, corrosion resistance, and foam control functions of the coolant were restored to specifications. Chemical characterization of the recycled coolant showed that metals, salts and organic contaminants were either removed or reduced to levels where they posed no significant problems. C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,DEPT ENVIRONM TECHNOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. RP RANDALL, PM (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,DIV WASTE MINIMIZAT DESTRUCT & DISPOSAL RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 43 IS 4 BP 463 EP 468 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KY051 UT WOS:A1993KY05100004 ER PT J AU CARTER, RE LANE, DD MAROTZ, GA CHAFFIN, CT MARSHALL, TL TUCKER, M WITKOWSKI, MR HAMMAKER, RM FATELEY, WG THOMAS, MJ HUDSON, JL AF CARTER, RE LANE, DD MAROTZ, GA CHAFFIN, CT MARSHALL, TL TUCKER, M WITKOWSKI, MR HAMMAKER, RM FATELEY, WG THOMAS, MJ HUDSON, JL TI A METHOD OF PREDICTING POINT AND PATH-AVERAGED AMBIENT AIR VOC CONCENTRATIONS, USING METEOROLOGICAL DATA SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB A method of predicting point and path-averaged ambient air VOC concentrations is described. This method was developed for the case of a plume generated from a single point source, and is based on the relationship between wind directional frequency and concentration. One-minute means of wind direction and wind speed were used as inputs to a Gaussian dispersion model to develop this relationship. Both FTIR spectrometry and a whole-air sampling method were used to monitor VOC plumes during simulated field tests. One test set was also conducted using only whole-air samplers deployed in a closely-spaced network, thus providing an evaluation of the prediction technique free of any bias that might exist between the two analytical methods. Correlations between observed point concentrations and wind directional frequencies were significant at the 0.05 level in most cases. Predicted path-integrated concentrations, based on observed point concentrations and meteorological data, were strongly correlated with observed values. Predicted point concentrations, based on observed path-integrated concentrations and meteorological data, accurately reflected the location and magnitude of the highest concentrations from each test, as well as the shape of the concentration-versus-crosswind distance curve. C1 UNIV KANSAS,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT CHEM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. US EPA,REG 7,KANSAS CITY,KS 66115. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 43 IS 4 BP 480 EP 488 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KY051 UT WOS:A1993KY05100007 ER PT J AU LEWIS, RF AF LEWIS, RF TI SITE DEMONSTRATION OF SLURRY-PHASE BIODEGRADATION OF PAH CONTAMINATED SOIL SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB This paper summarizes a joint Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) project on slurry-phase biodegradation and a project to collect information for the data base on Best Demonstrated Available Technologies (BDAT). In this 12-week study, a creosote contaminated soil from the Burlington Northern Superfund site in Brainerd, Minnesota was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the bioslurry reactors. During the demonstration, five 64-liter stainless steel bioreactors, equipped with agitation, aeration and temperature controls were used. The pilot scale study employed a 30 percent slurry, an inoculum of indigenous polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degraders, and inorganic nutrients. Total PAH degradation averaged 93.4 +/- 3.2 percent over all five operating reactors in the 12 weeks with 97.4 percent degradation of the 2- and 3-ring PAHs and 90 percent degradation of the 4- to 6-ring PAHs. A study of the air emissions, both semivolatile compounds such as naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene and volatile compounds such as toluene, xylene, and benzene, from the units showed that the greatest amount of emissions occurred during the loading of the reactors and during the first few days of operation. Therefore, it may not be cost-effective to require elaborate emissions controls unless there are significant quantities of volatile compounds present in the soil or water to be treated in a bioslurry reactor system. RP LEWIS, RF (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,26 W ML KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 43 IS 4 BP 503 EP 508 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KY051 UT WOS:A1993KY05100009 ER PT J AU OLDEN, K AF OLDEN, K TI ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH SCIENCE RESEARCH AND HUMAN RISK ASSESSMENT SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 NATL TOXICOL PROGRAM,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP OLDEN, K (reprint author), NATL INST ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,OFF DIRECTOR,POB 12233,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 17 IS 2 BP 230 EP 233 DI 10.1006/rtph.1993.1021 PN 1 PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA KY664 UT WOS:A1993KY66400010 PM 8484031 ER PT J AU WALLACE, L AF WALLACE, L TI A DECADE OF STUDIES OF HUMAN EXPOSURE - WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Editorial Material ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PERSONAL EXPOSURES; DRINKING-WATER; AIR; RESIDENTS; CHEMICALS; BENZENE; BREATH; TEAM RP WALLACE, L (reprint author), US EPA,BLDG 166,BICHER RD,VINT HILL FARMS STN,WARRENTON,VA 22186, USA. OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 31 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD APR PY 1993 VL 13 IS 2 BP 135 EP 139 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb01059.x PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA KY737 UT WOS:A1993KY73700003 PM 8502786 ER PT J AU STOCKWELL, JR SORENSEN, JW ECKERT, JW CARRERAS, EM AF STOCKWELL, JR SORENSEN, JW ECKERT, JW CARRERAS, EM TI THE UNITED-STATES EPA GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM FOR MAPPING ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASES OF TOXIC-CHEMICAL RELEASE INVENTORY (TRI) CHEMICALS SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE; ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASES; RISK ASSESSMENT; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS AB This study characterizes the environmental releases of toxic chemicals of the Toxic Chemical Release Inventory (TRI) in the southeastern United States by using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Geographic Information System (GIS) to map them. These maps show that the largest quantities of TRI releases in the Southeast are usually near densely populated areas. This GIS mapping approach takes the first steps in defining those areas in the region which may be potential exposure zones and which could be strategic targets for future risk screening efforts in this geographic area. RP STOCKWELL, JR (reprint author), US EPA,REG IV,345 COURTLAND ST NE,ATLANTA,GA 30365, USA. NR 1 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD APR PY 1993 VL 13 IS 2 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb01065.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA KY737 UT WOS:A1993KY73700009 PM 8502789 ER PT J AU JONES, RD SCHWAB, AP AF JONES, RD SCHWAB, AP TI NITRATE LEACHING AND NITRITE OCCURRENCE IN A FINE-TEXTURED SOIL SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOVEMENT; WATER; FERTILIZATION; DRAINAGE; NITROGEN; PROFILES AB Nitrate is recognized as the most common agriculture-related contaminant of ground water. In Kansas, over 25% of rural drinking water wells exceed the 44 mg NO3 L-1 drinking water standard, and most of these wells are found in areas with fine textured soils. An experimental site near Manhattan, KS with a silty clay loam soil (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Pachic Argiustoll) has received up to 224 kg N ha-1 as ammonium nitrate since 1946. Nitrate concentrations were measured in soil and soil solution to determine the extent of leaching in this fine-textured soil. A crude N balance for these soils indicated that approximately 98 kg N ha-1 yr-1 were available for leaching from the plots receiving 224 kg N ha-1. Soil analyses in 1965 revealed much higher concentrations of nitrate than those measured on the same plots in 1985. Ceramic cup, vacuum, soil solution samplers were installed at 1.5 and 3.5 m in the 224-kg N ha-1 plots to monitor nitrate movement with minimal disturbance of the plots. Nitrate concentrations in the 3.5-m samples usually reached a maximum in March and were at a minimum in August, indicating that the bulk of the fertilizer nitrate required approximately 12 months to leach to the 3.5-m depth. This projected time of leaching was supported by a simple piston-flow model and observations on a bromide tracer applied to the plots in 1989. Significant concentrations of nitrite (up to 7.38 mg L-1) were sporadically observed in the solution samples. Although the appearance and concentrations of nitrite in these samples did not follow a temporal trend, the occurrence of this potentially toxic anion near ground water is noteworthy. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP JONES, RD (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 40 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 155 IS 4 BP 272 EP 282 DI 10.1097/00010694-199304000-00006 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LA436 UT WOS:A1993LA43600006 ER PT J AU CATALANO, PJ SCHARFSTEIN, DO RYAN, LM KIMMEL, CA KIMMEL, GL AF CATALANO, PJ SCHARFSTEIN, DO RYAN, LM KIMMEL, CA KIMMEL, GL TI STATISTICAL-MODEL FOR FETAL DEATH, FETAL WEIGHT, AND MALFORMATION IN DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY STUDIES SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE ENDPOINTS; RESPONSES AB The purpose of this paper is to present a statistical model for analyzing the joint effects of exposure on fetal death, fetal weight, and malformation in a developmental toxicity study. In addition to allowing for the usual litter effect, the model allows for correlations between different outcomes measured on the same fetus. Fitting the model requires first focusing on non-live outcomes by modeling the probability of fetal death or resorption as a function of dose. Then outcomes among live fetuses are modeled using a two-stage regression approach. The first stage models fetal weight as a function of dose and the second stage models fetal malformation as a function of dose, as well as residuals from the weight model. The regression coefficients from the malformation model have intuitive interpretations in terms of correlations between littermates and between different outcomes measured within the same fetus. Not only does the approach provide a useful way to investigate the relationship between adverse fetal outcomes, it also yields a natural framework for conducting quantitative risk assessment. A procedure is proposed for quantifying overall risk by incorporating the three outcomes in order to estimate safe dose levels and corresponding lower confidence limits. The method is illustrated using data from an experiment in mice conducted through the National Toxicology Program. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02115. US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,HUMAN HLTH ASSESSMENT GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RI Ryan, Louise/A-4562-2009 OI Ryan, Louise/0000-0001-5957-2490 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA48061]; NIEHS NIH HHS [5T32ES07142] NR 17 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD APR PY 1993 VL 47 IS 4 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1002/tera.1420470405 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA KW876 UT WOS:A1993KW87600004 PM 8322222 ER PT J AU KIMMEL, CA GENEROSO, WM THOMAS, RD BAKSHI, KS AF KIMMEL, CA GENEROSO, WM THOMAS, RD BAKSHI, KS TI A NEW FRONTIER IN UNDERSTANDING THE MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RETINOIC ACID; EARLY EMBRYOGENESIS; EARLY-PREGNANCY; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; FEMALE MICE; MOUSE; EXPOSURE; EMBRYOS; METHYLNITROSOUREA; MORPHOGENESIS C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NATL RES COUNCIL,BOARD ENVIRONM STUDIES & TOXICOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20418. RP KIMMEL, CA (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,REPROD & DEV TOXICOL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 47 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 119 IS 2 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1056 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA KY218 UT WOS:A1993KY21800001 PM 7683149 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, YB JACKSON, JA BIRNBAUM, LS AF ANDERSON, YB JACKSON, JA BIRNBAUM, LS TI MATURATIONAL CHANGES IN DERMAL ABSORPTION OF 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (TCDD) IN FISCHER 344 RATS SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SKIN; ADULT C1 NIEHS,EXPTL TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP ANDERSON, YB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,MD 51,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 119 IS 2 BP 214 EP 220 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1062 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA KY218 UT WOS:A1993KY21800007 PM 8480330 ER PT J AU FORD, J STODDARD, JL POWERS, CF AF FORD, J STODDARD, JL POWERS, CF TI PERSPECTIVES ON ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING - AN INTRODUCTION TO THE UNITED-STATES-EPA LONG-TERM MONITORING (LTM) PROJECT SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID LAKE WATER-QUALITY; TREND AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Long-Term Monitoring Project is a network implemented to study long-term changes in the chemistry of acid-sensitive surface waters in six regions of the U.S. The project was implemented in 1983 and has, not surprisingly, undergone various types of challenges and changes in each of the six regions. In this paper we describe five basic principles of monitoring network design that we believe are necessary (although not necessarily sufficient) for implementation and operation of a useful and professionally reputable network. The results of the first 9 yrs of the LTM Project, described in detail in the papers of this special issue, are here discussed in the context of these 5 principles. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NATL COUNCIL AIR & STREAM IMPROVEMENT,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD APR PY 1993 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 247 EP 255 DI 10.1007/BF00478148 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LP415 UT WOS:A1993LP41500002 ER PT J AU NEWELL, AD AF NEWELL, AD TI INTERREGIONAL COMPARISON OF PATTERNS AND TRENDS IN SURFACE-WATER ACIDIFICATION ACROSS THE UNITED-STATES SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; LAKEWATER CHEMISTRY; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; SEEPAGE LAKE; ONTARIO; EMISSIONS; QUALITY; SULFATE; CANADA; SULFUR AB Temporal trends in acid-base chemistry are reported for surface waters in 6 regions of the United States. The lakes and streams are low ANC, dilute systems, selected to represent acid-sensitive aquatic resources in the 6 regions. The predominant trends observed were decreases in lake and stream SO42- concentrations in sites east of the Mississippi River, and increases in NO3- in the Adirondack lake and Catskill stream sites (both located in eastern New York State). Correlations of trend results from all sites with other factors indicated that trends in precipitation volume were highly correlated with the observed trend patterns. From the surface water trend results, three distinct clusters were identified that corresponded to three trend patterns: 'dilution,' 'recovery,' and 'acidification.' These were distributed across the LTM regions, with no particular geographic patterns. RP NEWELL, AD (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 53 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD APR PY 1993 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 280 DI 10.1007/BF00478149 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LP415 UT WOS:A1993LP41500003 ER PT J AU STODDARD, JL KELLOGG, JH AF STODDARD, JL KELLOGG, JH TI TRENDS AND PATTERNS IN LAKE ACIDIFICATION IN THE STATE OF VERMONT - EVIDENCE FROM THE LONG-TERM MONITORING PROJECT SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY; DEPOSITION AB Twenty-four low acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) lakes in Vermont have been monitored since 1980 to characterize their chemical variability, and to determine if they exhibit temporal trends in acid/base chemistry. Many of the lakes exhibit significant decreasing trends in SO42- and base cation (C(B)) concentrations, but few exhibit significant changes in pH or ANC. An examination of all trend results (significant and insignificant) suggests a tendency for ANC and pH values in these lakes to be increasing, but either the changes are too small, or the number of observations too small, for these trends to be significant. Data from these lakes suggest that the primary responses of surface waters in this region to declining rates of SO42- deposition are decreases in SO42- concentrations and rates of cation leaching from watershed soils. Decreasing rates of C(B) deposition may combine with lower rates of cation leaching to produce declines in C(B) that are very similar to measured declines in SO42-concentration. Vermont lakes exhibit their lowest ANC values in spring, attributable, for the most part, to dilution of C(B) concentrations during spring snow melt. Concentrations of SO42- are also more dilute in the spring, but C(B) decreases are greater, and the net effect is a lowering of ANC. One quarter of the Vermont lakes monitored exhibit strong seasonality in NO3 concentrations, with peak concentrations near 70 mueq L-1. In these lakes, spring increases in NO3- Concentrations are more important than C(B) dilution in producing minimal spring ANC values. C1 VERMONT DEPT ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,WATERBURY,VT 05676. RP STODDARD, JL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. OI Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD APR PY 1993 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 301 EP 317 DI 10.1007/BF00478151 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LP415 UT WOS:A1993LP41500005 ER PT J AU MURDOCH, PS STODDARD, JL AF MURDOCH, PS STODDARD, JL TI CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TEMPORAL TRENDS IN 8 STREAMS OF THE CATSKILL MOUNTAINS, NEW-YORK SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; SURFACE WATERS; ACID; DEPOSITION; CHEMISTRY; SNOWMELT; FOREST; MODEL; FLUX AB Discharge to concentration relationships for eight streams studied by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) Long-Term Monitoring Project (1983-89) indicate acidification of some streams by H2SO4 and HNO3 in atmospheric deposition and by organic acids in soils. Concentrations of major ions in precipitation were similar to those reported at other sites in the northeastern United States. Average concentrations of SO42- and NO3- were similar among streams, but base cation concentrations differed widely, and these differences paralleled the differences in acid neutralizing capacity (ANC). Baseflow ANC is not a reliable predictor of stream acidity at high flow; some streams with high baseflow ANC (> 150 mueq L-1) declined to near zero ANC at high flow, and one stream with low baseflow ANC (< 50 mueq L-1) did not approach zero ANC as flow increased. Episodic decreases in ANC and pH during peak flows were associated with increased concentrations of NO3- and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Aluminum concentrations exceeding 300 mug L-1 were observed during peak flows in headwater streams of the Neversink River and Rondout Creek. Seasonal Kendall Tau tests for temporal trends indicate that SO42- concentrations in streamwater generally decreased and NO3- concentrations increased during the period 1983-1989. Combined acid anion concentrations (SO42- + NO3-) were generally unchanged throughout the period of record, indicating both that the status of these streams with respect to acidic deposition is unchanged, and that NO3- is gradually replacing SO42- as the dominant acid anion in the Catskill streams. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP MURDOCH, PS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,POB 1669,ALBANY,NY 12201, USA. NR 51 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD APR PY 1993 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 367 EP 395 DI 10.1007/BF00478154 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LP415 UT WOS:A1993LP41500008 ER PT J AU NEWELL, AD MORRISON, ML AF NEWELL, AD MORRISON, ML TI USE OF OVERLAP STUDIES TO EVALUATE METHOD CHANGES IN WATER CHEMISTRY PROTOCOLS SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID TREND AB Long-term monitoring projects are usually plagued with method changes that occur in the midst of the monitoring record. Such changes can affect the data, resulting in observations of long-term trends that reflect the change in methods rather than the monitored system. This article describes two statistical approaches to evaluate the effect of method changes, illustrated by several examples from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Long-Term Monitoring Project, a study of the effects of acidic deposition on surface water chemistry. Structural regression models or paired t-tests were applied to various overlapping datasets to determine whether statistically significant differences existed between methods. Statistically significant differences between method changes were seen for each of the following: different filter types, a change in anion analysis from colorimetric to ion chromatographic techniques, and a change in sample collection method from an integrated hose sampler to a Kemmerer sampler. The characteristics under which each statistical approach was applied are discussed, as are considerations regarding calibration of the older portions of the data. RP NEWELL, AD (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD APR PY 1993 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 433 EP 456 DI 10.1007/BF00478157 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LP415 UT WOS:A1993LP41500011 ER PT J AU NEWELL, AD BLICK, DJ HJORT, RC AF NEWELL, AD BLICK, DJ HJORT, RC TI TESTING FOR TRENDS WHEN THERE ARE CHANGES IN METHODS SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; NONPARAMETRIC-TESTS; KENDALL; TAU AB Data from monitoring projects often include sampling or analytical changes that preclude trend analysis on the entire period of record. A modification of the nonparametric Kendall's test for monotonic trends, which accounts for such changes in the period of record, is described here. This approach blocks the data so that only data collected or analyzed under similar circumstances are compared. Alternatively, when appropriate data exist, data collected using the old method may be calibrated to values expected from the new method. Traditional trend tests may then be applied to resulting data sets. Results from simulations assessing both the power of the blocked test and the standard test performed on calibrated data are presented. The power of the blocked test exceeded the power of the calibration approach only when the calibration error was extremely large. Both the blocking and calibration approaches were applied to and compared for chemical data from Vermont lakes. RP NEWELL, AD (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD APR PY 1993 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 457 EP 468 DI 10.1007/BF00478158 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LP415 UT WOS:A1993LP41500012 ER PT J AU BAKER, JP WARRENHICKS, WJ GALLAGHER, J CHRISTENSEN, SW AF BAKER, JP WARRENHICKS, WJ GALLAGHER, J CHRISTENSEN, SW TI FISH POPULATION LOSSES FROM ADIRONDACK LAKES - THE ROLE OF SURFACE-WATER ACIDITY AND ACIDIFICATION SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION AB Changes over time in the species composition of fish communities in Adirondack lakes were assessed to determine (1) the approximate numbers of fish populations that have been lost and (2) the degree to which fish population losses may have resulted from surface water acidification and acidic deposition. Information on the present-day status of fish communities was obtained by the Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation, which surveyed 1469 Adirondack lakes in 1984-1987 (53% of the total ponded waters in the Adirondack ecological zone). Two hundred and ninety-five of these lakes had been surveyed in 1929-1934 during the first statewide biological survey; 720 had been surveyed in one or more years prior to 1970. Sixteen to 19% of the lakes with adequate historical data appeared to have lost one or more fish populations as a result of acidification. Brook trout and acid-sensitive minnow species had experienced the most widespread effects. Populations of brook trout and acid-sensitive minnows had been lost apparently as a result of acidification from 11% and 19%, respectively, of the lakes with confirmed historical occurrence of these taxa. By contrast, fish species that tend to occur primarily in lower elevation and larger lakes, such as largemouth and smallmouth bass and brown trout, have experienced little to no documented adverse effects. Lakes that were judged to have lost fish populations as a result of acidification had significantly lower pH and, in most cases, also had higher estimated concentrations of inorganic aluminum and occurred at higher elevations than did lakes with the fish species still present. No other lake characteristics were consistently associated with fish population losses attributed to acidification. The exact numbers and proportions of fish populations affected could not be determined because of limitations on the quantity and quality of historical data. Lakes for which we had adequate historical data to assess long-term trends in fish communities were significantly larger and deeper and have higher pH than do Adirondack lakes in general; thus, fish communities adversely affected by acidification and acidic deposition may be underrepresented in this study. C1 NY STATE DEPT ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,RAY BROOK,NY. WESTERN AQUAT,DURHAM,NC. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP BAKER, JP (reprint author), US EPA,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 29 IS 4 BP 861 EP 874 DI 10.1029/92WR02329 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KW178 UT WOS:A1993KW17800008 ER PT J AU PETERSON, DL AF PETERSON, DL TI FROM MANAGING CHEMISTRY TO THE CHEMISTRY OF MANAGEMENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,DENVER,CO 80202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 4 EP YCC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98301705 ER PT J AU HILAL, SH CARREIRA, LA MELTON, CM KARICKHOFF, SW AF HILAL, SH CARREIRA, LA MELTON, CM KARICKHOFF, SW TI ESTIMATION OF PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES BY COMPUTER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE GRP,ATHENS,GA 30602. US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30601. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 10 EP COMP PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98101662 ER PT J AU HILAL, SH CARREIRA, LA MELTON, CM KARICKHOFF, SW AF HILAL, SH CARREIRA, LA MELTON, CM KARICKHOFF, SW TI CALCULATION OF ELECTRON-AFFINITY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE GRP,ATHENS,GA 30602. US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 54 EP COMP PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98101706 ER PT J AU PRITCHARD, PH AF PRITCHARD, PH TI MEASURES OF BIOREMEDIATION EFFECTIVENESS IN THE FIELD SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 64 EP PETR PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98300564 ER PT J AU HO, JS TANG, PH EICHELBERGER, JW BUDDE, WL AF HO, JS TANG, PH EICHELBERGER, JW BUDDE, WL TI DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN WATER BY LIQUID SOLID EXTRACTION FOLLOWED BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID ELUTION AND CAPILLARY COLUMN GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 67 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98101780 ER PT J AU KUEHL, DW SERRANO, J NAUMANN, S ROSYNOV, BV AF KUEHL, DW SERRANO, J NAUMANN, S ROSYNOV, BV TI APPLICATION OF MASS-SPECTROMETRY TO THE CHARACTERIZATION OF REACTIVE CHEMICALS IN ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,DULUTH,MN 55804. ASCL CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. MM SHEMYAKIN BIOORGAN CHEM INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 71 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100296 ER PT J AU LOPEZAVILA, V BENEDICTO, J AF LOPEZAVILA, V BENEDICTO, J TI SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION OF CHLOROPHENOXY ACID HERBICIDES FROM SOIL SAMPLES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CALIF OPERAT,MIDWEST RES INST,MT VIEW,CA 94043. US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 76 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98101789 ER PT J AU CIPOLLONE, MG WOLFE, NL HASSAN, S BURRIS, DR AF CIPOLLONE, MG WOLFE, NL HASSAN, S BURRIS, DR TI REDUCTION OF HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS WITH IRON .1. KINETIC OBSERVATIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,TAI,ATHENS,GA 30605. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605. AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGN SUPPORT AGCY,RAVC,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 92 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98101805 ER PT J AU HASSAN, SM WOLFE, NL CIPOLLONE, MG BURRIS, DR AF HASSAN, SM WOLFE, NL CIPOLLONE, MG BURRIS, DR TI REDUCTION OF HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS WITH IRON .2. MECHANISM OF THE REACTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,ATHENS,GA 30605. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605. AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGN SUPPORT AGCY,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 93 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98101806 ER PT J AU THOMAS, B AF THOMAS, B TI METHYL-BROMIDE - REGULATORY ISSUES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,OFF ATMOSPHER PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 108 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100219 ER PT J AU SHANNON, D AF SHANNON, D TI MINE WASTE CLEANUP SELECTION PROCESS UNDER SUPERFUND SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,SUPERFUND REMEDIAL BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 120 EP NUCL PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98300118 ER PT J AU WAI, CM BRAUER, RD LIU, Y LOPEZAVILA, V BECKERT, WF AF WAI, CM BRAUER, RD LIU, Y LOPEZAVILA, V BECKERT, WF TI EXTRACTION OF MERCURY AND OTHER METAL-IONS FROM SOLID SAMPLES BY SUPERCRITICAL CO2 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT CHEM,MOSCOW,ID 83843. MIDWEST RES INST,MT VIEW,CA 94043. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89114. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 127 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98101840 ER PT J AU WOLFE, NL CARREIRA, LH AF WOLFE, NL CARREIRA, LH TI BIOCHEMISTRY - ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,ATHENS,GA 30601. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30601. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 309 EP CHED PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98101165 ER PT J AU MILLER, GC ZEPP, RG AF MILLER, GC ZEPP, RG TI PHOTOCHEMICAL-TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE ENVIRONMENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV NEVADA,DEPT ENVIRONM & RESOURCE SCI,RENO,NV 89557. US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30601. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 312 EP CHED PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98101168 ER PT J AU GOODLETT, CR LEO, JT OCALLAGHAN, JP MAHONEY, JC WEST, JR AF GOODLETT, CR LEO, JT OCALLAGHAN, JP MAHONEY, JC WEST, JR TI TRANSIENT CORTICAL ASTROGLIOSIS INDUCED BY ALCOHOL EXPOSURE DURING THE NEONATAL BRAIN GROWTH SPURT IN RATS SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ASTROCYTE; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; ALCOHOL; BRAIN GROWTH SPURT; ASTROGLIOSIS; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; DEVELOPMENT ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; ASTROCYTE-SPECIFIC PROTEIN; CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RADIAL GLIAL-CELLS; ETHANOL NEUROTOXICITY; QUANTITATIVE CHANGES; GLIOTYPIC PROTEINS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; CORTEX; PROLIFERATION AB The astrocyte response to central nervous system injury induced by neonatal alcohol exposure was evaluated using radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Rat pups were exposed to alcohol on postnatal days 4 through 9 via artificial rearing. Alcohol solutions were administered as one of the following treatments: 10.2% (v/v) in two feedings (4.5 g/kg/day), 5.1% (v/v) in four feedings (4.5 g/kg/day), or 2.5% (v/v) in 12 feedings (6.6 g/kg/day), producing mean blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) of approximately 300, 180, and 50 mg/dl, respectively. Littermates were included as gastrostomy controls (GC) and suckle controls (SC). On postnatal day 10, GFAP concentration increased as a function of BAC, and the 10.2% alcohol treatment significantly and dramatically increased GFAP in the cortex (325% of SC). GFAP immunocytochemistry revealed frequent loci of heavily labeled reactive astrocytes surrounding small cortical blood vessels in the 10.2% group. In addition, a generalized increase in GFAP immunoreactivity was present in the deep layers of the cortex in all alcohol groups, marked by astrocytic fibrillary hypertrophy and increased density. Three-dimensional counts in layer V of parietal cortex using confocal microscopy indicated that the density of GFAP-labeled astrocytes of the 10.2% group was twice that of controls. The layer V gliosis was observable even at low BACs, while gliosis around the vasculature occurred only with high BACs. By postnatal day 15, the astroglial effects were no longer evident. These transient astroglial reactions likely constitute an important aspect of cortical pathophysiology resulting from binge alcohol exposure during the brain growth spurt of the third trimester equivalent. C1 US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP GOODLETT, CR (reprint author), UNIV IOWA,DEPT ANAT,ALCOHOL & BRAIN RES LAB,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA. RI Goodlett, Charles/C-5979-2015 OI Goodlett, Charles/0000-0002-7821-9999 NR 61 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-3806 J9 DEV BRAIN RES JI Dev. Brain Res. PD MAR 19 PY 1993 VL 72 IS 1 BP 85 EP 97 DI 10.1016/0165-3806(93)90162-4 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA KP999 UT WOS:A1993KP99900010 ER PT J AU KEEN, CL TAUBENECK, MW DASTON, GP ROGERS, JM GERSHWIN, ME AF KEEN, CL TAUBENECK, MW DASTON, GP ROGERS, JM GERSHWIN, ME TI PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ZINC-DEFICIENCY AS FACTORS UNDERLYING ABNORMAL CNS DEVELOPMENT SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECT; MATERNAL ZINC; ACRODERMATITIS-ENTEROPATHICA; CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS; INVITRO DEVELOPMENT; RAT EMBRYOS; SHORT-TERM; PREGNANCY; SUPPLEMENTATION C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT INTERNAL MED, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. PROCTER & GAMBLE CO, MIAMI VALLEY LABS, CINCINNATI, OH 45239 USA. US EPA, HERL, DIV DEV TOXICOL, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. RP KEEN, CL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT NUTR, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 678 BP 37 EP 47 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KX228 UT WOS:A1993KX22800004 ER PT J AU COOK, LL LEWIS, MH OCALLAGHAN, JP MILLER, DB MAILMAN, RB AF COOK, LL LEWIS, MH OCALLAGHAN, JP MILLER, DB MAILMAN, RB TI POSTSYNAPTIC COMPENSATION IN ANIMAL-MODELS OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,BRAIN & DEV RES CTR,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PSYCHIAT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6A SU S BP A144 EP A145 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA LA417 UT WOS:A1993LA41700393 ER PT J AU GELLER, AM HUDNELL, HK MESSENHEIMER, JA VAUGHN, BV BOYES, WK AF GELLER, AM HUDNELL, HK MESSENHEIMER, JA VAUGHN, BV BOYES, WK TI EFFECT OF GABA MEDIATED INHIBITION ON STEADY-STATE VEP SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1276 EP 1276 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA KT893 UT WOS:A1993KT89302824 ER PT J AU GOULD, JM AF GOULD, JM TI THE SICKENING OF A SOCIETY - CHERNOBYL - THE HIDDEN TRAGEDY SO NATION LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,SCI ADVISORY BOARD,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATION CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0027-8378 J9 NATION JI Nation PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 256 IS 10 BP 331 EP 334 PG 4 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA KQ086 UT WOS:A1993KQ08600008 ER PT J AU BECKER, S SOUKUP, J AF BECKER, S SOUKUP, J TI RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS (RSV) INFECTION RESULTS IN A T-CELL-DEPENDENT INCREASE IN HLA-DR, CD11B, CD11C, AND ICAM-1 ON MONOCYTES BUT A DECREASE IN RSV SPECIFIC T-CELL PROLIFERATION SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TCR ENVIRONM CORP,CHAPEL HILL,NC. US EPA,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR 13 PY 1993 SU 17D BP 54 EP 54 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KV880 UT WOS:A1993KV88000173 ER PT J AU GILMOUR, MI PARK, P SELGRADE, MK AF GILMOUR, MI PARK, P SELGRADE, MK TI OZONE-ENHANCED PULMONARY INFECTION WITH STREPTOCOCCUS-ZOOEPIDEMICUS IN MICE - THE ROLE OF ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE FUNCTION AND CAPSULAR VIRULENCE FACTORS SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBACTERIAL DEFENSE-MECHANISMS; LANCEFIELD GROUP-C; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; BACTERIAL CLEARANCE; NEONATAL LUNG; EXPOSURE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INHALATION; RATS; RESISTANCE AB Ozone exposure has been shown to increase the susceptibility of mice to pulmonary bacterial infection. We report here the differences in susceptibility of two strains of mice (C3H/HeJ and C57Bl/6) to pulmonary challenge with Streptococcus zooepidemicus, and demonstrate an association between O3 exposure, reduced alveolar macrophage (AM) function, and increased mortality to infection. After a 3-h exposure to air or to 0.4 or 0.8 ppm O3, mice received an infection of bacteria by aerosol. Subsequent mortality observed over a 20-day period for any given exposure concentration was greater in the C3H/HeJ mice than in the C57Bl/6 mice. Phagocytosis assays identified the AM from O3-exposed lungs as having an impaired ability to engulf the bacteria. Baseline phagocytic activity in C3H/HeJ mice was lower than that in C57Bl/6 mice. Microbiologic assessment of the lungs at various times after infection revealed that the streptococci proliferated rapidly in the lungs of O3-exposed mice, grew more quickly upon isolation, and displayed a mucoid colony appearance indicative of increased encapsulation. In vitro assays confirmed that the encapsulated isolates prevented binding of the bacteria to AM, and reinfection of nonexposed mice with the encapsulated isolate resulted in increased mortality compared with infection with similar numbers of the original unencapsulated bacteria. We have demonstrated that O3 inhalation impairs AM activity in the lung. The streptococci are then able to proliferate and more fully express virulence factors, in particular, the antiphagocytic capsule, which prohibits the ingestion of bacteria by pulmonary phagocytes and leads to increased severity of infection. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP GILMOUR, MI (reprint author), US EPA,IMMUNOTOXICOL BRANCH,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 45 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 3 BP 753 EP 760 PG 8 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA KR251 UT WOS:A1993KR25100040 PM 8442612 ER PT J AU BIFULCO, JM SCHAEFER, FW AF BIFULCO, JM SCHAEFER, FW TI ANTIBODY-MAGNETITE METHOD FOR SELECTIVE CONCENTRATION OF GIARDIA-LAMBLIA CYSTS FROM WATER SAMPLES SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL-MODEL AB An antibody-magnetite method was developed in order to selectively concentrate Giardia cysts from water samples. The indirect technique employed a mouse immunoglobulin G anti-Giardia antibody as a primary antibody and an anti-mouse immunoglobulin G antibody-coated magnetite particle as a secondary labeling reagent. The magnetically labeled cysts were then concentrated by high-gradient magnetic separation. Ninety percent of the seeded cysts were recovered from buffer when this method was employed. An average of 82% of the seeded cysts were recovered from water samples with various turbidities. Significantly higher cyst recoveries were obtained from water samples with turbidities below 600 nephelometric turbidity units. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 15 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 59 IS 3 BP 772 EP 776 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KQ123 UT WOS:A1993KQ12300019 PM 8481003 ER PT J AU BARKAY, T LIEBERT, C GILLMAN, M AF BARKAY, T LIEBERT, C GILLMAN, M TI CONJUGAL GENE-TRANSFER TO AQUATIC BACTERIA DETECTED BY THE GENERATION OF A NEW PHENOTYPE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; HOST RANGE; R-FACTOR; CLONING; DNA; BIODEGRADATION; INVITRO; HG-2+; HYBRIDIZATION; MOBILIZATION AB An experimental approach based on the assembly of genes of a catabolic pathway was used to detect transconjugants in aquatic communities. Resistance to phenylmercury acetate was established in transconjugants when wide-host-range conjugal plasmids containing merB, the gene encoding organomercurial lyase, were transferred to strains from aquatic communities that had been acclimated to inorganic mercury and thus enriched for populations containing merA, the gene encoding mercuric reductase (T. Barkay, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53:2725-2732, 1987). Conjugation was confirmed by rising the plasmids' encoded antibiotic resistance patterns and by hybridization with a eukaryotic gene. Three merB-conjugal plasmids, belonging to incompatibility groups W (pGTE16), P1 (pGTE26), and N (pGTE25), were prepared. Transfers by filter matings of pGTE16 and pGTE26 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to indigenous strains were at efficiencies of 4.5 x 10(-2) and 4.8 x 10(-3) transconjugant per potential recipient, respectively. These efficiencies were from 1 to 2 orders of magnitude below those observed for intraspecies matings with genetically marked recipients. The third plasmid, pGTE25, was not stably maintained in P. aeruginosa donors, and its transfer from Escherichia coli donors was below the level of detection. Characterized transconjugant strains were shown to be Pseudomonas spp. Potential applications of the described experimental approach in the creation of bacterial populations with new catabolic capabilities in hazardous waste sites and in the detection of transfer of recombinant DNA from engineered microorganisms to indigenous bacteria are discussed. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,TECH RESOURCES INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP BARKAY, T (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MICROBIAL ECOL & BIOTECHNOL BRANCH,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 59 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 59 IS 3 BP 807 EP 814 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KQ123 UT WOS:A1993KQ12300024 PM 16348891 ER PT J AU BRISTOW, M ZIMMERMANN, R AF BRISTOW, M ZIMMERMANN, R TI EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MEMORY EFFECTS IN INTENSIFIED PHOTODIODE-ARRAY SPECTROGRAPH DETECTORS SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE DETECTORS; DETECTOR ARRAYS; IMAGE INTENSIFIERS; SPECTROGRAPHS ID STOKES RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; DIODE-ARRAY; CARS SPECTROSCOPY; PERSISTENCE; TIME AB The use of intensified linear photodiode arrays as spectrograph detectors can, in certain applications, be subject to interference by several side effects. The widely used P-20 phosphor of the image intensifier exhibits both phosphorescence decay (persistence) and thermoluminescence memory effects together with an inherent nonlinear response to incident light, whereas the photodiode array exhibits a readout-lag memory effect. During characterization of any one of these effects, it was important to ensure that the measurements were not influenced by the other side effects. This was particularly true for the phosphorescence and readout-lag effects, and for the thermoluminescence and inherent phosphor nonlinearity effects. These side effects become significant in applications where spectra that exhibit large changes in shape and intensity on a pulse-by-pulse basis are being recorded individually at rates > 0.1 Hz. A determination should then be made to either correct, circumvent, or ignore these potential sources of error. C1 UNIV NEVADA, ENVIRONM RES CTR, LAS VEGAS, NV 89154 USA. RP BRISTOW, M (reprint author), US EPA, POB 93478, LAS VEGAS, NV 89193 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1065 EP 1077 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA KP924 UT WOS:A1993KP92400005 PM 20820233 ER PT J AU SCHEFFE, RD MORRIS, RE AF SCHEFFE, RD MORRIS, RE TI A REVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE URBAN AIRSHED MODEL SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART B-URBAN ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE URBAN AIRSHED MODEL; DISPERSION MODEL ID ADVECTION EQUATION; NUMERICAL-METHODS; EMISSIONS AB This paper describes the Urban Airshed Model (UAM) and provides an overview of the history of the model's conception and development, a list of the applications to date, a summary of the model's technical formulation and a description of model inputs and outputs. The Urban Airshed Model is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) preferred tool for developing ozone air quality plans for urban areas. C1 SYST APPLICAT INC, SAN RAFAEL, CA 94903 USA. RP US EPA, OFF AIR QUAL PLANNING & STAND, DURHAM, NC 27711 USA. NR 76 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0957-1272 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON B-URB PD MAR PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1 BP 23 EP 39 DI 10.1016/0957-1272(93)90043-6 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KZ606 UT WOS:A1993KZ60600003 ER PT J AU WILSON, RB AF WILSON, RB TI REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF CRSTER AND MPTER MODELS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART B-URBAN ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE CRSTER; MPTER; EPA MODELS ID QUALITY AB The CRSTER and MPTER computer codes are two of many air quality dispersion models recommended for use in a regulatory context by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. CRSTER and MPTER are generally applicable to tall stack sources, such as coal-fired electrical utility power plants located in flat or gently rolling terrain. This paper briefly reviews the developmental history, formulation, operation and application of the CRSTER and MPTER models. Also reviewed are performance evaluation studies which have included these two models. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of future directions for regulatory modeling of tall stack sources. RP WILSON, RB (reprint author), US EPA,REG 10,1200 6TH AVE ES-097,SEATTLE,WA 98101, USA. NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0957-1272 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON B-URB PD MAR PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1 BP 41 EP 57 DI 10.1016/0957-1272(93)90044-7 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KZ606 UT WOS:A1993KZ60600004 ER PT J AU LEINO, RL MCCORMICK, JH AF LEINO, RL MCCORMICK, JH TI RESPONSES OF JUVENILE LARGEMOUTH BASS TO DIFFERENT PH AND ALUMINUM LEVELS AT OVERWINTERING TEMPERATURES - EFFECTS ON GILL MORPHOLOGY, ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, SCALE CALCIUM, LIVER-GLYCOGEN, AND DEPOT FAT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SUCKERS CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI; ACIDIFIED SOFT-WATER; SMALLMOUTH BASS; FATHEAD MINNOWS; CHLORIDE CELLS; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; YELLOW PERCH; BROOK TROUT AB Young-of-the-year largemouth bass were exposed to simulated overwintering conditions, 4-degrees-C for 113 days, in soft ([CaCO3] 48 mg/L, [Ca] 13.4 mg/L) and very soft ([CaCO3] 4.6 mg/L, [Ca] 1.5 mg/L) water. In some treatments pH was reduced to 5.0 and 4.5, with no added Al; in others, a monomeric Al level of 30 mug/L was maintained. In the neutral pH treatments the bass had greatly thickened gill respiratory epithelium and large numbers of chloride cells (compared with bass kept at 20-degrees-C in a prior experiment), and blood osmolalities declined and stabilized at about 260 mosmol/kg. In the acid treatments die bass had thickened respiratory lamellae and chloride cell numbers similar to those found in the neutral pH treatments. In very soft water, mean blood osmolalities declined to 242 and 219 mosmol/kg at pH 5.0 and 4.5, respectively, and did not stabilize. In the acid + Al treatments, respiratory lamellae were frequently obliterated by hyperplasia of the interlamellar epithelium, suggesting markedly compromised respiratory ability. In addition, chloride cell numbers were usually depressed, and those cells that were present were often vacuolated or covered by layers of pavement epithelium; blood osmolalities declined to the lethal and near-lethal level of about 200 mosmol/kg, and heavy mortalities occurred. After 84 days in cold soft water (pH 7.8), scale Ca content declined; this effect was more severe in very soft water (pH 7.0). Acidification did not cause further decline in scale Ca content in the very soft water. At pH 4.5 + Al, scale Ca levels were higher than at pH 4.5 without added Al and higher than at pH 7.0, suggesting that Al may interfere with normal utilization of scale Ca reserves. Substantial lipid reserves persisted throughout the experiment. Mortalities were correlated with pH-associated gill damage and electrolyte losses rather than with duration of exposure to low temperature per se. Modest levels of Al exacerbated gill damage and electrolyte losses. We suggest that overwintering, with only moderate elevation of acid and Al levels, may represent an important critical period for survival to young-of-the-year fish in northern climates, principally by adversely affecting electrolyte balance. The gills of juvenile largemouth bass undergo marked structural changes with prolonged exposure to cold water, possibly to retard electrolyte losses. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP LEINO, RL (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,DEPT ANAT & CELL BIOL,DULUTH,MN 55812, USA. NR 51 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 71 IS 3 BP 531 EP 543 DI 10.1139/z93-074 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KX258 UT WOS:A1993KX25800011 ER PT J AU STEELE, DH REMMERS, J AF STEELE, DH REMMERS, J TI LATTICE-LAYER MATERIALS FOR COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY IN DIOXIN METHODS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article AB Three lattice-layer materials were identified and screened for potential use in the cleanup of extracts for dioxin analysis. Determination of the elution profiles of chlorinated dioxins, furans, and diphenylethers on these materials was conducted. Based on these investigations, one of the materials, molybdenum disulfide, was selected and compared with Carbopack C and AX-21 carbon for the cleanup of two contaminated soil samples. The results obtained indicate that molybdenum disulfide is effective for the removal of diphenylethers and other interferences and should be further evaluated for potential use as a chromatographic medium for the cleanup of extracts for dioxin analysis. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP STEELE, DH (reprint author), MIDWEST RES INST,425 VOLKER BLVD,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 1993 VL 26 IS 5 BP 907 EP 919 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90365-C PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KT488 UT WOS:A1993KT48800008 ER PT J AU JONES, PD ANKLEY, GT BEST, DA CRAWFORD, R DEGALAN, N GIESY, JP KUBIAK, TJ LUDWIG, JP NEWSTED, JL TILLITT, DE VERBRUGGE, DA AF JONES, PD ANKLEY, GT BEST, DA CRAWFORD, R DEGALAN, N GIESY, JP KUBIAK, TJ LUDWIG, JP NEWSTED, JL TILLITT, DE VERBRUGGE, DA TI BIOMAGNIFICATION OF BIOASSAY DERIVED 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN EQUIVALENTS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE INDUCTION; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; GREAT-LAKES; PCBS; DIOXINS; EGGS; RATS; FISH; DDT AB In recent years contamination of the Great Lakes ecosystem with planar chlorinated hydrocarbons (PCHs) has attracted considerable concern due to their known reproductive and teratogenic effects. The H4IIE bioassay has been standardized as a means of measuring the biological potency of a PCH mixture as 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dibenzodioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ). Using this bioassay we have investigated the biomagnification of TCDD-EQ in a semi-closed ecosystem. The biomagnification of TCDD-EQ is demonstrated and results indicate that the food chain is the major pathway for TCDD-EQ through this ecosystem. The H4IIE assay system is demonstrated to be a viable integrative measure of the total concentration of TCDD-EQ in different trophic levels. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,INST ENVIRONM TOXICOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,E LANSING,MI 48823. ECOL RES SERV,ANN ARBOR,MI 48104. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. RP JONES, PD (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,PESTICIDE RES CTR,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. RI Jones, Paul/O-2046-2015 OI Jones, Paul/0000-0002-7483-5380 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 1993 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1203 EP 1212 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90206-K PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KX253 UT WOS:A1993KX25300014 ER PT J AU FOWLES, JR FAIRBROTHER, A FIX, M SCHILLER, S KERKVLIET, NI AF FOWLES, JR FAIRBROTHER, A FIX, M SCHILLER, S KERKVLIET, NI TI GLUCOCORTICOID EFFECTS ON NATURAL AND HUMORAL IMMUNITY IN MALLARDS SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MALLARD; NKC CYTOTOXICITY; DEXAMETHASONE; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; PROSTAGLANDIN-E2; IMMUNITY; WATERFOWL ID KILLER-CELL-ACTIVITY; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; NK; INVITRO; MICE; IMMUNOREGULATION; PROSTAGLANDINS; HYDROCORTISONE; CORTICOSTERONE; MACROPHAGES AB Two studies were conducted to determine the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on immune function in mallard ducks. Each day ducks were injected intramuscularly with DEX at doses ranging from 0.2-4.0 mg/kg for 28 - 30 days. Physiologic effects consistent with high dose glucocorticoid (GC) treatment were observed at the 4 mg/kg dose, and included significant body weight loss, lowered hematocrit, and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. At all doses, effects of DEX on the immune system were observed. When DEX was given at 0.2 mg/kg/day, significant suppression of primary IgG antibody titers to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was observed. At 1 mg/kg/day, primary IgM and secondary IgM and IgG titers were suppressed as well. These doses of DEX also produced significant elevation in natural killer celt (NKC) activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC). Removal of adherent cells from the PBMNC prior to NKC assay eliminated the enhancement in NKC activity. Based on these results, it was postulated that the elevation in NKC activity may be due to suppression by DEX of monocyte production of prostaglandin-E2 (PGE-2) resulting in the release of NKC activity from the inhibitory effects of PGE-2. This hypothesis was supported by a measured decrease in PGE-2 production during the NKC assay by cells from DEX-treated birds. Furthermore, an enhanced NKC activity could be reproduced in vitro with the addition of indomethacin or DEX to NKC cultures containing adherent cells from PBMNC. Direct effects of DEX on nonadherent cell NKC activity and lymphocyte viability were only observed at high concentrations (10(-4) M) of DEX, while the phagocytic activity of adhered blood monocytes was inhibited at 10(-6) M DEX. The suppressed phagocytic activity may contribute to the suppressed antibody responses observed in DEX-treated birds. Together, these results support an indirect immunomodulatory effect of DEX on NKC activity and perhaps antibody responses in vivo via altered monocyte function in mallard ducks. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 17 IS 2 BP 165 EP 177 DI 10.1016/0145-305X(93)90026-M PG 13 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA KV620 UT WOS:A1993KV62000007 PM 8500643 ER PT J AU MUMFORD, JL LEE, XM LEWTAS, J YOUNG, TL SANTELLA, RM AF MUMFORD, JL LEE, XM LEWTAS, J YOUNG, TL SANTELLA, RM TI DNA ADDUCTS AS BIOMARKERS FOR ASSESSING EXPOSURE TO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS IN TISSUES FROM XUAN-WEI WOMEN WITH HIGH EXPOSURE TO COAL COMBUSTION EMISSIONS AND HIGH LUNG-CANCER MORTALITY SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON BIOMONITORING AND SUSCEPTIBILITY MARKERS IN HUMAN CANCER : APPLICATIONS IN MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT CY OCT 26-NOV 01, 1991 CL KAILUA KONA, HI SP INT AGCY RES CANC, NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, US EPA, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, NATL CANC INST ID DIOL-EPOXIDE-DNA; COKE-OVEN WORKERS; WHITE BLOOD-CELLS; HUMAN-PLACENTA; ANTIBODIES; SMOKING; CHINA; ASSAY AB The high lung cancer rate in Xuan Wei, China, is associated with smoky coal use in unvented homes, but not with wood or smokeless coal use. Smoky coal combustion emits higher polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations than wood combustion. This study used DNA adducts as biomarkers for human exposure to PAH from combustion emissions. DNA adducts were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in placentas and peripheral and cord white blood cells (WBC) from Xuan Wei women burning smoky coal or wood and from Beijing women using natural gas. Color ELISA gave positive results in 58, 47, and 5% of the placentas from Xuan Wei women burning smoky coal without and with chimneys, and from Beijing women, respectively. Fluorescence ELISA indicated that 46, 65, 56, and 25% of placentas were positive from Xuan Wei women who lived in houses without and with chimneys, Xuan Wei women burning wood, and Beijing controls, respectively. Peripheral WBC samples were positive in 7/9, 8/9, and 3/9 for the Xuan Wei women who lived in houses without and with chimneys and Beijing women, respectively. PAH-DNA adducts were detected in a higher percentage of placentas from Xuan Wei women living in houses exposed to smoky coal or wood emissions than from those of the Beijing controls. No dose-response relationship was observed between the air benzo[a]pyrene concentrations and DNA adduct levels or percentage of detectable samples. The results suggest that DNA adducts can be used as a qualitative biomarker to assess human exposure to combustion emissions. C1 INST ENVIRONM HLTH & ENGN,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10032. RP MUMFORD, JL (reprint author), US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 19 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 99 BP 83 EP 87 DI 10.2307/3431462 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LC430 UT WOS:A1993LC43000014 PM 8319664 ER PT J AU LEWTAS, J MUMFORD, J EVERSON, RB HULKA, B WILCOSKY, T KOZUMBO, W THOMPSON, C GEORGE, M DOBIAS, L SRAM, R LI, XM GALLAGHER, J AF LEWTAS, J MUMFORD, J EVERSON, RB HULKA, B WILCOSKY, T KOZUMBO, W THOMPSON, C GEORGE, M DOBIAS, L SRAM, R LI, XM GALLAGHER, J TI COMPARISON OF DNA ADDUCTS FROM EXPOSURE TO COMPLEX-MIXTURES IN VARIOUS HUMAN TISSUES AND EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON BIOMONITORING AND SUSCEPTIBILITY MARKERS IN HUMAN CANCER : APPLICATIONS IN MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT CY OCT 26-NOV 01, 1991 CL KAILUA KONA, HI SP INT AGCY RES CANC, NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, US EPA, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, NATL CANC INST ID WHITE BLOOD-CELLS; P-32 POSTLABELING ANALYSIS; P-32-POSTLABELING ANALYSIS; FOUNDRY WORKERS; AIR-POLLUTION; LYMPHOCYTES; DAMAGE; ASSAY; MICE; SKIN AB DNA adducts derived from complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic compounds emitted from tobacco smoke are compared to industrial pollution sources (e.g., coke ovens and aluminum smelters), smoky coal burning, and urban air pollution. Exposures to coke oven emissions and smoky coal, both potent rodent skin tumor initiators and lung carcinogens in humans, result in high levels of DNA adducts compared to tobacco smoke in the in vitro calf thymus DNA model system, in cultured lymphocytes, and in the mouse skin assay. Using tobacco smoke as a model in human studies, we have compared relative DNA adduct levels detected in blood lymphocytes, placental tissue, bronchoalveolar lung lavage cells, sperm, and autopsy tissues of smokers and nonsmokers Adduct levels in DNA isolated from smokers were highest in human heart and lung tissue with smaller but detectable differences in placental tissue and lung lavage cells. Comparison of the DNA adduct levels resulting from human exposure to different complex mixtures shows that emissions from coke ovens, aluminum smelters, and smoky coal result in higher DNA adduct levels than tobacco smoke exposure. These studies suggest that humans exposed to complex combustion mixtures will have higher DNA adduct levels in target cells (e.g., lung) as compared to nontarget cells (e.g., lymphocytes) and that the adduct levels will be dependent on the genotoxic and DNA adduct-forming potency of the mixture. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. REG INST HYG,CS-72892 OSTRAVA,CZECHOSLOVAKIA. INST EXPTL MED,CS-12000 PRAGUE,CZECHOSLOVAKIA. INST ENVIRONM HLTH & ENGN,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP LEWTAS, J (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,GENET BIOASSAY BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Sram, Radim/H-2455-2014 OI Sram, Radim/0000-0003-4256-3816 NR 37 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 99 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.2307/3431463 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LC430 UT WOS:A1993LC43000015 PM 8319665 ER PT J AU GALLAGHER, J GEORGE, M KOHAN, M THOMPSON, C SHANK, T LEWTAS, J AF GALLAGHER, J GEORGE, M KOHAN, M THOMPSON, C SHANK, T LEWTAS, J TI DETECTION AND COMPARISON OF DNA ADDUCTS AFTER INVITRO AND INVIVO DIESEL EMISSION EXPOSURES SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON BIOMONITORING AND SUSCEPTIBILITY MARKERS IN HUMAN CANCER : APPLICATIONS IN MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT CY OCT 26-NOV 01, 1991 CL KAILUA KONA, HI SP INT AGCY RES CANC, NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, US EPA, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, NATL CANC INST ID ENHANCEMENT; SENSITIVITY; LYMPHOCYTES; BINDING; ASSAY AB Development of methods to evaluate certain classes of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) detected in complex mixtures to which humans are exposed would greatly improVe the diagnostic potential of P-32-postlabeling analysis. Identification of DNA adduct patterns or specific exposure-related marker adducts would strengthen associations between observed DNA adducts and exposures to different environmental pollutants (e.g., kerosene, cigarette smoke, coke oven, and diesel). We have compared diesel-modified DNA adduct patterns in various in vitro and in vivo rodent model systems and compared them to DNA reactive oxidative and reductive metabolites of 1-nitropyrene. The formation of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (nitrated PAH) DNA adducts, derived from the metabolism of diesel extract constituents, was enhanced relative to other PAH-derived DNA adducts via xanthine oxidase-catalyzed nitroreduction. These adducts were detectable only by the butanol extraction version of the postlabeling analysis. Five major DNA adducts were detected in human lymphocytes treated in vitro with diesel extract. A major adduct detected in human lymphocytes treated in vitro with diesel extract comigrated with a major adduct detected in lymphocyte DNA treated with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) alone. Other adducts that co-migrated with the major BaP-derived adducts were detected in skin and lung DNA isolated from rodents topically treated with (50 mg) diesel extract and the major adduct detected in calf thymus DNA treated with rat liver S9 and diesel particle extract. Postlabeling of lung DNA isolated from rodents exposed via lung inhalation for 24 months to diesel combustion emissions resulted in the formation of a major nuclease-P1-sensitive DNA adduct that did not co-migrate with the major BaP-diol epoxide adduct. Based on its sensitivity to nuclease-P1, this adduct may be an N-substituted aryl adduct. Marker adducts detected in the various test systems presented here will assist in characterizing nuclease-P1-sensitive nitrated PAH adducts in humans. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NIEHS,NATL TOXICOL PROGRAM,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP GALLAGHER, J (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD 68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 99 BP 225 EP 228 DI 10.2307/3431487 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LC430 UT WOS:A1993LC43000039 PM 8319629 ER PT J AU HARD, GC RODGERS, IS BAETCKE, KP RICHARDS, WL MCGAUGHY, RE VALCOVIC, LR AF HARD, GC RODGERS, IS BAETCKE, KP RICHARDS, WL MCGAUGHY, RE VALCOVIC, LR TI HAZARD EVALUATION OF CHEMICALS THAT CAUSE ACCUMULATION OF ALPHA-2U-GLOBULIN, HYALINE DROPLET NEPHROPATHY, AND TUBULE NEOPLASIA IN THE KIDNEYS OF MALE-RATS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON BIOMONITORING AND SUSCEPTIBILITY MARKERS IN HUMAN CANCER : APPLICATIONS IN MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT CY OCT 26-NOV 01, 1991 CL KAILUA KONA, HI SP INT AGCY RES CANC, NATL CTR TOXICOL RES, US EPA, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, NATL CANC INST ID RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA; RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; DRY CLEANING WORKERS; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; VAPOR INHALATION TOXICITY; MAJOR URINARY PROTEINS; MALE FISCHER-344 RATS; GLOBULIN GENE FAMILY; OIL REFINERY WORKERS; ADULT MALE-RATS AB This review paper examines the relationship between chemicals inducing excessive accumulation of alpha2u-globulin (alpha2u-g) (CIGA) in hyaline droplets in male rat kidneys and the subsequent development of nephrotoxicity and renal tubule neoplasia in the male rat. This dose-responsive hyaline droplet accumulation distinguishes CIGA carcinogens from classical renal carcinogens. CIGA carcinogens also do not appear to react with DNA and are generally negative in short-term tests for genotoxicity. CIGA or their metabolites bind specifically, but reversibly, to male rat alpha2u-g. The resulting complex appears to be more resistant to hydrolytic degradation in the proximal tubule than native, unbound alpha2u-g. Single cell necrosis of the tubule epithelium, with associated granular cast formation and papillary mineralization, is followed by sustained regenerative tubule cell proliferation, foci of tubule hyperplasia in the convoluted proximal tubules, and renal tubule tumors. Although structurally similar proteins have been detected in other species, including humans, renal lesions characteristic of alpha2u-g nephropathy have not been observed. Epidemiologic investigation has not specifically examined the CIGA hypothesis for humans. Based on cancer bioassays, hormone manipulation studies, investigations in an alpha2u-g-deficient strain of rat, and other laboratory data, an increased proliferative response caused by chemically induced cytotoxicity appears to play a role in the development of renal tubule tumors in male rats. Thus, it is reasonable to suggest that the renal effects induced in male rats by chemicals causing alpha2u-g accumulation are unlikely to occur in humans. C1 US EPA,H-7509C,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. MRC,TOXICOL UNIT,CARSHALTON SM5 4EF,SURREY,ENGLAND. DYNAMAC CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 265 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 99 BP 313 EP 349 DI 10.2307/3431508 PG 37 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LC430 UT WOS:A1993LC43000060 PM 7686485 ER PT J AU CURRAN, MA AF CURRAN, MA TI BROAD-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP CURRAN, MA (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. OI Curran, Mary Ann/0000-0001-8565-9928 NR 26 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 27 IS 3 BP 430 EP 436 DI 10.1021/es00040a001 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KP133 UT WOS:A1993KP13300006 ER PT J AU LORES, EM PATRICK, JM SUMMERS, JK AF LORES, EM PATRICK, JM SUMMERS, JK TI HUMIC-ACID EFFECTS ON UPTAKE OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE AND HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL BY SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS IN STATIC SEDIMENT WATER-SYSTEMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HUMIC ACID; BIOAVAILABILITY; HEXACHLOROBENZENE; HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL; DISSOLVED ORGANICS ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; NATURAL-WATERS; AQUATIC HUMUS; FULVIC-ACIDS; BIOAVAILABILITY; SORPTION; BINDING; PESTICIDES AB The effect of humic acid on accumulation of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP) by sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) from two separate experiments is presented. In the first experiment, static sediment/water exposure chambers were used to determine the effect of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), in the form of terrestrial humic acid (HA), on partitioning of HCB among sediment, water, and sheepshead minnows. Sediments from three geographically different locations were used to test the effect of added HA (0, 3, and 30 mg/L) on accumulation in fish of sediment-bound HCB. Total organic carbon levels in sediment and water and residues of HCB (C-14-labeled and unlabeled) in sediment, water, and whole-body tissue were measured. Fish/sediment ratios or accumulation relative to sediment (ARS) indicated that addition of HA did not reduce accumulation of sediment-bound toxicants. ARS ranged from 7.5 +/- 4 without added HA to 9.3 +/- 4 with 30 mg/L added HA, but were not statistically different. In a second experiment using HCBP with 0 and 30 mg/L HA and sediment from one location, HCBP concentration in water averaged 0.29 mug/L in non-HA tanks and 0.91 mug/L in the HA tanks, but both ARS ratios averaged 5.4. In conclusion, we believe that these tests indicate that HA does not significantly alter bioavailability of toxicants that are in equilibrium with sediment and water. C1 US EPA,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3 BP 541 EP 550 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[541:HAEOUO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KQ427 UT WOS:A1993KQ42700014 ER PT J AU OSTENDORF, DW RICHARDS, RJ BECK, FP AF OSTENDORF, DW RICHARDS, RJ BECK, FP TI LNAPL RETENTION IN SANDY SOIL SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SATURATION-PRESSURE RELATIONS; AVIATION GASOLINE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CONTAMINATION; SUBSURFACE; TRANSPORT; EQUATION; MEDIA; MODEL AB The vertical distribution of free and residual aviation gasoline, a light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL), through the capillary fringe of a uniform, medium sand is measured and used to calibrate an existing model. The total saturation profile is governed by a classical moisture retention characteristic, with the matric pressure bead scaled by LNAPL/air surface tension in the presence of free LNAPL and water/air surface tension in the absence of free LNAPL. The residual LNAPL is described by an empirical equation reflecting hysteretical trapping due to a fluctuating water table. The existing theory is calibrated with new and published field data at an aviation gasoline spill site in Traverse City, Michigan. C1 US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. RP OSTENDORF, DW (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01820.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA KP620 UT WOS:A1993KP62000013 ER PT J AU FIELD, MS AF FIELD, MS TI A PROGRAM TO ANALYZE AQUIFER TEST DATA AND CHECK FOR VALIDITY WITH THE JACOB METHOD SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Note AB The Jacob straight-line method of aquifer analysis deals with the late-time data and small radius of the Theis type curve which plot as a straight line if the drawdown data are plotted on an arithmetic scale and the time data on a logarithmic (base 10) scale. Correct analysis with the Jacob method normally assumes that (1) the data lie on a straight line, (2) the value of the dimensionless time factor is less than 0.01, and (3) the site's hydrogeology conforms to the method's assumptions and limiting conditions. Items 1 and 2 are usually considered for the Jacob method, but item 3 is often ignored, which can lead to incorrect calculations of aquifer parameters. A BASIC computer program was developed to analyze aquifer test data with the Jacob method to test the validity of its use. Aquifer test data are entered into the program and manipulated so that a slope and time intercept of the straight line drawn through the data (excluding early-time and late-time data) can be used to calculate transmissivity and storage coefficient. Late-time data are excluded to eliminate the effects of positive and negative boundaries. The time-drawdown data then are converted into dimensionless units to determine if the Jacob methods assumptions are valid for the hydrogeologic conditions under which the test was conducted. RP FIELD, MS (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. OI Field, Malcolm/0000-0002-8350-417X NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 316 EP 320 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01824.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA KP620 UT WOS:A1993KP62000017 ER PT J AU RHYNE, T BOLSTAD, M RHEINGANS, P PETTERSON, L SHACKELFORD, W AF RHYNE, T BOLSTAD, M RHEINGANS, P PETTERSON, L SHACKELFORD, W TI VISUALIZING ENVIRONMENTAL DATA AT THE EPA SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,SCI COMP BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,DIV NATL DATA PROC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP RHYNE, T (reprint author), US EPA,CTR SCI VISUALIZAT,MARTIN MARIETTA TECH SERV,79 ALEXANDER DR,BLDG 4501,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 13 IS 2 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.1109/38.204964 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA KQ606 UT WOS:A1993KQ60600013 ER PT J AU KNOCKE, WR MCKINNEY, JD GOLDEN, RJ OHANIAN, EV SCHNELL, RC ASKENAIZER, D NEUKRUG, H PARIS, DB AF KNOCKE, WR MCKINNEY, JD GOLDEN, RJ OHANIAN, EV SCHNELL, RC ASKENAIZER, D NEUKRUG, H PARIS, DB TI RESEARCH AGENDA FOR INORGANIC-COMPOUNDS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONF ON DRINKING WATER AND HEALTH IN THE YEAR 2000 CY SEP 12, 1991 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC, US EPA AB This article presents important issues surrounding risk assessment for inorganic compounds in drinking water. It is not intended to be an all-inclusive document of health effects research needs for specific inorganics in drinking water, but rather a glimpse into the future toward the broad research needs in 2000 and beyond. Although many of the issues discussed are not specific to inorganics, they are addressed within this context. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. KARCH & ASSOCIATES,WASHINGTON,DC 20006. US EPA,OFF DRINKING WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,GRAD SCH,FARGO,ND 58105. JAMES M MONTGOMERY CONSULTING ENGINEERS,PASADENA,CA 91109. PHILADELPHIA WATER DEPT,PLANNING & TECH SUPPORT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. MANCHESTER WATER TREATMENT PLANT,MANCHESTER,NH 03103. RP KNOCKE, WR (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. RI Lucas, Elizabeth/E-2733-2010 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 85 IS 3 BP 62 EP 67 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA KT047 UT WOS:A1993KT04700013 ER PT J AU CASH, GG BREEN, JJ AF CASH, GG BREEN, JJ TI CORRELATION OF GRAPH-THEORETICAL PARAMETERS WITH BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INDEXES AB Osmialowski and Kaliszan calculated graph-theoretical indices for substituted isonicotinic hydrazides and used simple and multiple regression to search (unsuccessfully) for correlations with biological activity. The present paper describes successful searches for correlation in the same data set using principal component analysis (PCA) with multivariate outlier testing and also using stepwise multiple regression. Following PCA, correlation with biological activity always appeared in the second principal component, not the first, that is, after projection of the data points into the (n - 1)-space orthogonal to the first principal component axis. In that space, the principal component score was a more accurate predictor of biological activity than were equations provided by multiple regression or stepwise multiple regression using the underlying variables. A multivariate outlier test identified one observation as discordant, and removing that observation improved prediction further. RP CASH, GG (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 33 IS 2 BP 275 EP 279 DI 10.1021/ci00012a015 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA KU696 UT WOS:A1993KU69600015 PM 8314930 ER PT J AU DANIEL, DE MCCUTCHEON, SC AF DANIEL, DE MCCUTCHEON, SC TI THE GEOENVIRONMENT - GEOTECHNICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30601. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 119 IS 2 BP 205 EP 209 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1993)119:2(205) PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KU526 UT WOS:A1993KU52600001 ER PT J AU KLEE, AJ AF KLEE, AJ TI NEW APPROACHES TO ESTIMATION OF SOLID-WASTE QUANTITY AND COMPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Efficient and statistically sound sampling protocols for estimating the quantity and composition of solid waste over a stated period of time in a given location, such as a landfill site or at a specific point in an industrial or commercial process, are essential to the design of resource-recovery systems and waste minimization programs, and to the estimation of the life of landfills and the pollution burden on the land posed by the generation of solid wastes. Unfortunately, traditional sampling plans are ill-suited for the estimation of the quantity or composition of solid waste. The theory developed in this study takes an approach significantly different from the more traditional sampling plans, resulting in lower costs and more accurate and precise estimates of these critical entities. A desktop computer program, called PROTOCOL, has also been developed to perform the calculations required. RP KLEE, AJ (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 119 IS 2 BP 248 EP 261 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1993)119:2(248) PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KU526 UT WOS:A1993KU52600005 ER PT J AU KREITON, KL BECKMAN, SW AF KREITON, KL BECKMAN, SW TI SITE PROGRAM DEMONSTRATION OF THE SBP-TECHNOLOGIES-INC - MEMBRANE FILTRATION SYSTEM ON CREOSOTE-CONTAMINATED WATER SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The formed-in-place, membrane filtration system offered by SBP Technologies, Inc. of Stone Mountain, Georgia was evaluated by the U.S. EPA Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program. The evaluation lasted six days; approximately 1000 gallons per day of water contaminated with creosote-derived PAHs and other compounds from wood preserving operations were treated. The SITE Program Demonstration and evaluation of the filtration unit was accomplished at the American Creosote Works NPL site in Pensacola, Florida in October 1991. Average six-day concentrations in the influent stream were 89.3 mg/L total semivolatiles, with phenanthrene and naphthalene as the major constituents (17.1 mg/L L and 12.9 mg/L, respectively). The system effectively performed an 82 percent volume reduction, and removed greater than 95 percent of higher molecular weight PAHs and 92 percent of total PAHs from the permeate stream. The permeate stream semivolatile concentration averaged 22.8 mg/L over the six-day period. This stream was determined to be acceptable for disposal by the local Publicly Owned Treatment Works. The membrane system as utilized was not very effective (ca. 18 percent) at removing lower molecular weight compounds such as the phenolics. Of the total semivolatile contaminants present (PAHs and phenolics), 75 percent removals were achieved. For every 2000 gallons treated, approximately 200 gallons of wash water was utilized (approximately 8 percent of contaminants were located in wash water). Estimates of capital and operating costs are between $202 and $675 per 1000 gallons feedwater treated (not including final disposal costs). Conditions such as operating temperature, molecular weight, hydrophobicity, initial concentrations, and final effluent standards may affect system performance at other sites. C1 SAIC,HACKENSACK,NJ 07601. RP KREITON, KL (reprint author), US EPA,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 43 IS 3 BP 367 EP 370 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KR802 UT WOS:A1993KR80200012 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ MACPHAIL, RC AF GORDON, CJ MACPHAIL, RC TI STRAIN COMPARISONS OF DFP NEUROTOXICITY IN RATS SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DIISOPROPYL FLUOROPHOSPHATE; TEMPERATURE AB The purpose of this study was to assess intraspecies differences in behavioral and autonomic function in three strains of rat following administration of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), an irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase activity. Male rats of the Long-Evans (LE), Fischer 344 (F344), and Sprague-Dawley (SD) strains were administered DFP at doses of 0-1.5 mg/kg (sc). The animals were placed 60 min later into one of two motor activity chambers and tested for 30 min. Motor activity was measured using either a Doppler-based system or a commercial photocell device. Following measurement of motor activity in the Doppler system, body temperature (T(b)) was measured and blood was then withdrawn by cardiac puncture and analyzed for serum cholinesterase activity (ChE). The remaining rats were retested 1 d after DFP administration in the photocell device. The results showed a significant influence of strain on the effects of DFP Motor activity of LE rats was reduced by DFP at doses of 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg, whereas the activity of F344 rats was reduced only at 1.5 mg/kg. The relative sensitivity of SD rats depended on the device used to measure motor activity. The SD rats resembled F344 rats in their response to DFP when motor activity was measured in the photocell device, and LE rats when motor activity was measured in the Doppler system. The T(b) of F344 rats was unaffected by DFP, while the LE and SD rats became hypothermic at 1.5 mg/kg. The DFP-induced inhibition of serum ChE activity was significantly less in F344 rats. All three strains retested the day after DFP still showed significant decreases in motor activity. Overall, it appears that the F344 strain is relatively resistant to the behavioral and autonomic effects of DFP This intraspecies variability should be considered in selecting appropriate experimental models for assessing the neurotoxicological hazards of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides. RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD MAR PY 1993 VL 38 IS 3 BP 257 EP 271 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA KU498 UT WOS:A1993KU49800004 PM 8450557 ER PT J AU DETENBECK, NE JOHNSTON, CA NIEMI, GJ AF DETENBECK, NE JOHNSTON, CA NIEMI, GJ TI WETLAND EFFECTS ON LAKE WATER-QUALITY IN THE MINNEAPOLIS ST-PAUL METROPOLITAN-AREA SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE WETLANDS; LAKE WATER-QUALITY; MINNESOTA; LANDSCAPE; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS AB A method developed to evaluate the cumulative effect of wetland mosaics on water quality was applied to 33 lake watersheds in the seven-county region surrounding Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to record and measure landscape variables derived from aerial photos. Twenty-seven watershed land-use and land-cover variables were reduced to eight principal components which described 85% of the variance among watersheds. Relationships between lake water quality variables and the first six principal components plus an index of lake mixis were analyzed through stepwise multiple regression analysis. A combination of three landscape components (wetland/watershed area, agriculture/wetlands, and forest/soils components) explained 49% of the variance in a trophic state index, even though most of the lakes examined were already highly eutrophic, and thus were influenced by internal loading. The regression equations explained a range of 14 to 76% of the variation in individual water quality variables. Forested land-use was associated with lower lake trophic state, chloride, and lead. High lake trophic state was associated with agricultural land-use and with wetland distance from the lake of interest. The extent of wetlands was associated with low total lead and high color in lakes downstream. Wet meadows or herbaceous, seasonally-flooded wetlands contributed more to lake water color than did cattail marshes. RP DETENBECK, NE (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. OI Johnston, Carol/0000-0002-9663-5048 NR 0 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 8 PU S P B ACADEMIC PUBLISHING BV PI LELYSTAD PA PLATINASTRAAT 33, 8211 AR LELYSTAD, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 8 IS 1 BP 39 EP 61 DI 10.1007/BF00129866 PG 23 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA KW958 UT WOS:A1993KW95800004 ER PT J AU CIMINO, MC AULETTA, AE AF CIMINO, MC AULETTA, AE TI AVAILABILITY OF THE GENE-TOX DATABASE ON THE NATIONAL-LIBRARY-OF-MEDICINE TOXNET SYSTEM SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Letter RP CIMINO, MC (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REVIEW TS-796,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0267-8357 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD MAR PY 1993 VL 8 IS 2 BP 163 EP 164 DI 10.1093/mutage/8.2.163 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA KT338 UT WOS:A1993KT33800012 PM 8464386 ER PT J AU JACKSON, MA STACK, HF WATERS, MD AF JACKSON, MA STACK, HF WATERS, MD TI THE GENETIC TOXICOLOGY OF PUTATIVE NONGENOTOXIC CARCINOGENS SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE NONGENOTOXIC CARCINOGENS, PUTATIVE; SHORT-TERM TEST DATA; GENETIC ACTIVITY PROFILE (GAP); GENE MUTATION; CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATION; ANEUPLOIDY ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; CHINESE-HAMSTER CELLS; SALMONELLA-MICROSOME-TEST; HEPATIC PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; PLEURAL MESOTHELIAL CELLS; INDUCE 6-THIOGUANINE-RESISTANT MUTANTS; HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE DEHP; MICROBIAL MUTAGENICITY ASSAYS; NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID NTA AB This report examines a group of putative nongenotoxic carcinogens that have been cited in the published literature. Using short-term test data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/International Agency for Research on Cancer genetic activity profile (EPA/IARC GAP) database we have classified these agents on the basis of their mutagenicity emphasizing three genetic endpoints: gene mutation, chromosomal aberration and aneuploidy. On the basis of results of short-term tests for these effects, we have defined criteria for evidence of mutagenicity (and nonmutagenicity) and have applied these criteria in classifying the group of putative nongenotoxic carcinogens. The results from this evaluation based on the EPA/IARC GAP database are presented along with a summary of the short-term test data for each chemical and the relevant carcinogenicity results from the NTP, Gene-Tox and IARC databases. The data clearly demonstrate that many of the putative nongenotoxic carcinogens that have been adequately tested in short-term bioassays induce gene or chromosomal mutations or aneuploidy. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 423 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD MAR PY 1993 VL 296 IS 3 BP 241 EP 277 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(93)90014-E PG 37 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA KP015 UT WOS:A1993KP01500005 PM 7680106 ER PT J AU CROFTON, KM PEELE, DB STANTON, ME AF CROFTON, KM PEELE, DB STANTON, ME TI DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY FOLLOWING NEONATAL EXPOSURE TO 3,3'-IMINODIPROPIONITRILE IN THE RAT SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 3,3'-IMINODIPROPIONITRILE; NEUROBEHAVIORAL FUNCTION; T-MAZE; ACOUSTIC STARTLE ID ACUTE POSTNATAL EXPOSURE; OLFACTORY DISCRIMINATION; DELAYED ALTERNATION; ALIPHATIC NITRILES; PREWEANLING RATS; ADULT-RATS; TRIMETHYLTIN; TRIETHYLTIN; PROTEINS; TOXICITY AB Adult exposure to the neurotoxicant 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), induces a hyperkinetic syndrome consisting of spontaneous head movements, abnormal circling, backward locomotion, and sensory disruption. We report here the behavioral effects of developmental exposure to IDPN in the rat. Animals were exposed (IP) to either saline, 75, 150, or 300 mg/kg/day on postnatal days (PND) 5-7. Animals were tested for: Figure-8 maze activity (PND 13-60); olfactory discrimination learning (PND 18 & 24); T-maze alternation and position discrimination learning (PND 25 & 26); acoustic startle response (PND 23, 61, & 62); passive avoidance (PND 70). To better define the dose response, a separate group of animals was exposed to either saline or 225 mg/kg/day (PND 5-7) and tested in the activity, T-maze, and startle paradigms. Animals exposed to 225 mg/kg/day and 300 mg/kg/day had decreased weight gain and lethality was 25% in the latter group. Signs of the IDPN syndrome, evident in the 225 and 300 mg/kg/day groups, persisted throughout the course of the study. IDPN exposed animals (300 mg/kg/day) were hyperactive on PND 17-60, failing to develop habituation in the Figure-eight maze until PND 60. The acoustic startle response was depressed for the 225 and 300 mg/kg/day groups on PND 23 only. Auditory thresholds were elevated for a high-frequency (40 kHz) but not a low-frequency tone (5 kHz) for the 225 and 300 mg/kg/day groups, indicating a hearing loss. IDPN treatment also disrupted performance of olfactory discrimination learning and produced cognitive deficits in T-maze learning in infants (300 mg/kg/day). That cognitive deficits also appeared in adulthood (PND 70) was demonstrated by learning deficits in a passive avoidance task at 150 and 300 mg/kg/day. IDPN (300 mg/kg/day) also caused a decrease in the wet weight of the whole brain (8%) and the cerebellum (12%) but not the hippocampus. These data demonstrate that short-term, neonatal exposure to IDPN in the rat produced persistent alterations in sensory, motor, and cognitive aspects of nervous system function. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP CROFTON, KM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD 74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 63 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 15 IS 2 BP 117 EP 129 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(93)90070-5 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA KZ131 UT WOS:A1993KZ13100006 PM 8510606 ER PT J AU ARMSTRONG, JL HARRIS, DL AF ARMSTRONG, JL HARRIS, DL TI BIASED DNA INTEGRATION IN COLLETOTRICHUM-GLOEOSPORIOIDES F SP AESCHYNOMENE TRANSFORMANTS WITH BENOMYL RESISTANCE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYGROMYCIN-B RESISTANCE; FUNGI; PATHOGEN; GENES AB A procedure is presented for transforming Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene to benomyl resistance by using a mutant beta-tubulin gene from Neurospora crassa. Hybridization between the N. crassa beta-tubulin gene and transformant DNAs digested with StyI indicated that the integration site in all transformants was in a specific region of the genome. Transformants tolerated up to 300 mug of benomyl per milliliter but differed in pigmentation, growth rate, and pathogenicity. All transformed strains remained benomyl resistant after repeated subculture on medium lacking benomyl. We speculate that the bias in the site of integration was due to selection against transformants with other configurations between the N. crassa beta-tubulin gene and C. g. aeschynomene genome, which were unstable, lethal, or unsuitable for expression of the benomyl phenotype. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP ARMSTRONG, JL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 1993 VL 83 IS 3 BP 328 EP 332 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-328 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KU152 UT WOS:A1993KU15200013 ER PT J AU CLAUSSEN, EB AF CLAUSSEN, EB TI POSSIBLE RICE SHORTAGE SO POLICY REVIEW LA English DT Letter RP CLAUSSEN, EB (reprint author), US EPA,OFF ATMOSPHER PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HERITAGE FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 214 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002 SN 0146-5945 J9 POLICY REV JI Policy Rev. PD SPR PY 1993 VL 64 BP 95 EP 95 PG 1 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA KV804 UT WOS:A1993KV80400028 ER PT J AU ROGERS, JM MOLE, ML CHERNOFF, N BARBEE, BD TURNER, CI LOGSDON, TR KAVLOCK, RJ AF ROGERS, JM MOLE, ML CHERNOFF, N BARBEE, BD TURNER, CI LOGSDON, TR KAVLOCK, RJ TI THE DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY OF INHALED METHANOL IN THE CD-1 MOUSE, WITH QUANTITATIVE DOSE-RESPONSE MODELING FOR ESTIMATION OF BENCHMARK DOSES SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL STRESS; RISK ANALYSIS; CLEFT-PALATE; MICE; DEPRIVATION; RESTRAINT; INDUCTION; RATS AB The developmental toxicity of the alternative motor vehicle fuel methanol was assessed in mice by the inhalation route. Pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to 1,000, 2,000, 5,000, 7,500, 10,000, or 15,000 ppm methanol for 7 hr/day on days 6-15 of gestation. Sham-exposed controls were exposed to filtered air under similar conditions. Additional control groups were left in their home cages either unhandled or food-deprived for 7 hr/day to match the food deprivation experienced by the exposed mice. Dams were observed twice daily and weighed on alternate days during the exposure period. Blood methanol concentrations were determined in some mice on gestation days 6, 10, and 15. On day 17, the remaining mice were weighed and killed and the gravid uteri removed. Implantation sites, live and dead fetuses and resorptions were counted, fetuses were examined externally and weighed as a litter. Half of each litter was examined for skeletal morphology and the other half of each litter was examined for internal soft tissue anomalies. One dam died in each of the 7,500, 10,000, and 15,000 ppm methanol exposure groups, but no dose-response relationship was evident for maternal death. The sham-exposed and food-deprived controls as well as all methanol exposed dams gained less weight than did unexposed dams fed ad libitum, but methanol did not exacerbate this effect. Significant increases in the incidence of exencephaly and cleft palate were observed at 5,000 ppm and above, increased embryo/fetal death at 7,500 ppm and above (including an increasing incidence of full-litter resorptions), and reduced fetal weight at 10,000 ppm and above. A dose-related increase in cervical ribs or ossification sites lateral to the seventh cervical vertebra was significant at 2,000 ppm and above. Thus, the NOAEL for the developmental toxicity in this study was 1,000 ppm. A log-logistic dose response model was applied to the incidence data for exencephaly, cleft palate, resorption and cervical rib, and maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) and benchmark dosages (BDs, the lower 95% confidence interval of the MLEs) corresponding to 1% and 5% added risk above background were calculated. The MLE for 5% added combined risk of having either exencephaly or cleft palate or being resorbed was 3667 ppm, and the corresponding BD was 3,078 ppm. For cervical rib, the 5% added risk values for the MLE and BD were 824 and 305 ppm, respectively. The BDs for 1% added risk were 1915 ppm for exencephaly, cleft palate or resorption, and 58 ppm for cervical rib. Quantitative modeling of these dose-response data for estimates of added risk offers more complete use of the data and less subjectivity than determining a NOAEL, and the lowest MLE for 5% added risk of developmental toxicity was in the dose range of the NOAEL. Litters of pregnant mice gavaged orally with 4 g methanol/kg were examined for resorption, external defects (including cleft palate) and fetal weight. Incidences of adverse effects on these endpoints were similar to those seen in the 10,000-ppm methanol inhalation exposure group. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM SERV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP ROGERS, JM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,MD-67,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 27 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD MAR PY 1993 VL 47 IS 3 BP 175 EP 188 DI 10.1002/tera.1420470302 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA KU804 UT WOS:A1993KU80400001 PM 8475461 ER PT J AU KIMMEL, CA CUFF, JM KIMMEL, GL HEREDIA, DJ TUDOR, N SILVERMAN, PM CHEN, J AF KIMMEL, CA CUFF, JM KIMMEL, GL HEREDIA, DJ TUDOR, N SILVERMAN, PM CHEN, J TI SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING HEAT EXPOSURE IN THE RAT SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; MATERNAL HYPERTHERMIA; SEGMENTAL ANOMALIES; DEVELOPMENT INVITRO; CHICK-EMBRYO; SHOCK; MICE; THERMOTOLERANCE; MALFORMATIONS; PROPORTIONS AB The effects of gestation day (GD) 10 heat exposure in the rat were studied to determine the temperature-response relationship for the induction of skeletal and other defects. Conscious pregnant rats (Experiment 1) were exposed to various temperatures in a warm air chamber. Body temperature was measured using a rectal probe, and these measurements were confirmed as representing core body temperature in separate animals using telemetric procedures. Those animals whose core body temperature was raised to 41-41.9-degrees-C had over 90% malformed pups (examined at postnatal day (PND) 3), and a 25% reduction in the percent of live pups per litter. Animals whose temperature was raised to 39.2-40.9-degrees-C had a low incidence of pups with similar types of malformations. The primary types of malformations were of the axial skeleton, consisting of fusions and other abnormalities of the ribs and vertebral elements, and a decrease in the total number of ribs and centra. The acute maternal effects of these temperature increases were signs of heat exhaustion during and 1-2 hr after exposure, but there were no permanent changes in weight gain or other signs. When temperatures were raised to greater-than-or-equal-to 42-degrees-C, all maternal animals died. In a second study (Experiment 2), pregnant rats (from a different supplier) were anesthetized to determine the effect of reducing maternal stress and were exposed to heat as in Experiment 1. Those animals whose core body temperature was raised to 42-42.5-degrees-C for 5 min had pups with similar responses to those in Experiment 1 at 41-41.9-degrees-C, although the reduction in litter size was not as great. Animals whose temperature was raised to 41-degrees-C had a much lower incidence of pups with similar defects, and animals whose temperature was raised to 43-degrees-C did not survive. A more detailed analysis of the skeletal defects in Experiment 2 showed rib and vertebral malformations that appear to be related to the stage of somite development at the time of exposure. C1 THIEL COLL,DEPT BIOL,GRENNVILLE,PA 16125. BIOCON INC,DIV LIFE SCI,HLTH SCI BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD. US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,DIV BIOMETR SCI,STAT BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP KIMMEL, CA (reprint author), US EPA,DHEA,ORD,HUMAN HLTH ASSESSMENT GRP,REPROD & DEV TOXICOL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 47 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD MAR PY 1993 VL 47 IS 3 BP 229 EP 242 DI 10.1002/tera.1420470307 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA KU804 UT WOS:A1993KU80400006 PM 8475466 ER PT J AU KIMMEL, GL CUFF, JM KIMMEL, CA HEREDIA, DJ TUDOR, N SILVERMAN, PM AF KIMMEL, GL CUFF, JM KIMMEL, CA HEREDIA, DJ TUDOR, N SILVERMAN, PM TI EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT INVITRO FOLLOWING SHORT-DURATION EXPOSURE TO HEAT SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAT EMBRYOS; HYPERTHERMIA; SHOCK; THERMOTOLERANCE; CULTURE; GROWTH AB Gestation day (GD) 10 rat embryos (10-12 somites) were exposed in vitro for 10 to 25 minutes at 42 or 43-degrees-C and evaluated 24 hrs later for alterations in growth and specific morphological parameters, using a modified Brown-Fabro (Brown and Fabro: Teratology, 24:65-78,'81) scoring system that allowed evaluation of development relative to gestational age. At 42-degrees-C, crown-rump length appeared to be particularly sensitive, responding to only 10 mins exposure. A 15-min exposure resulted in decreased total protein, somite number and morphological score. No system was uniquely sensitive, since all parameters demonstrated some degree of response. Rather, systems affected were those that would be developing most rapidly at this time in gestation. At 43-degrees-C, all of the parameters measured were affected by a 10-min exposure. These results demonstrate alterations in vitro after much shorter exposure periods than previously reported on GD10, which may be due, in part, to the use of a modified scoring system that permitted the evaluation of graded individual end point changes relative to gestational age. The response patterns demonstrated a clear temperature- and exposure duration-dependency, with a shift from a more shallow duration-response curve to a more dramatic inhibition of development as temperature increased from 42-degrees-C to 43-degrees-C. C1 THIEL COLL,DEPT BIOL,GREENVILLE,PA 16125. BIOCON INC,DIV LIFE SCI,HLTH SCI BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD. US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,DIV BIOMETR SCI,STAT BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP KIMMEL, GL (reprint author), US EPA,OHEA,ORD,HUMAN HLTH ASSESSMENT GRP,REPROD & DEV TOXICOL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD MAR PY 1993 VL 47 IS 3 BP 243 EP 251 DI 10.1002/tera.1420470308 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA KU804 UT WOS:A1993KU80400007 PM 8475467 ER PT J AU POTTER, WT GARRY, VF KELLY, JT TARONE, R GRIFFITH, J NELSON, RL AF POTTER, WT GARRY, VF KELLY, JT TARONE, R GRIFFITH, J NELSON, RL TI RADIOMETRIC ASSAY OF RED-CELL AND PLASMA CHOLINESTERASE IN PESTICIDE APPLIERS FROM MINNESOTA SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ERYTHROCYTE ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; INHIBITORS; PHOSPHINE; EXPOSURE; DRUGS C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,ENVIRONM MED & PATHOL LAB,STONE LAB 1,1ST FLOOR,421 29TH AVE SE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414. UNIV TULSA,DEPT CHEM,TULSA,OK 74104. UNIV MINNESOTA,FAMILY PRACTICE & COMMUNITY HLTH LAB,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414. NCI,BIOSTAT BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 119 IS 1 BP 150 EP 155 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1054 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA KR292 UT WOS:A1993KR29200018 PM 8470119 ER PT J AU VARNS, JL ORR, PH SACKS, JM AF VARNS, JL ORR, PH SACKS, JM TI DEVELOPING A HANDLING SIMULATOR FOR PREDICTING STORED POTATO QUALITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Note DE POTATO (SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L); HANDLING; SIMULATED HANDLING; QUALITY ID STORAGE AB A commercial-grade, rotary handling simulator was developed to reproducibly subject potatoes to tumbling. This heavy duty unit evolved from a standard clothes dryer that was altered to simulate potato-on-potato tumbling in a rubber-lined rotating drum. Weight loss, sprouting, cellular leakage, and respiratory changes of three stored cultivars were periodically monitored following different amounts of simulated handling. Simulated handling stress, detected in all of the tuber assays, was largely monotonically related to the number of revolutions received in the drum of the simulator. The unit developed in this study has served as a reliable, durable handling simulator that, when coupled with the appropriate size and quantity of tubers in a sample, can simulate potato-on-potato tumbling with repeatable results. C1 USDA ARS,POTATO RES LAB,E GRAND FORKS,MN. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP VARNS, JL (reprint author), US EPA,ATHMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 36 IS 2 BP 471 EP 476 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA LE383 UT WOS:A1993LE38300029 ER PT J AU MCKEE, DJ RODRIGUEZ, RM AF MCKEE, DJ RODRIGUEZ, RM TI HEALTH-EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH OZONE AND NITROGEN-DIOXIDE EXPOSURE SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF NOX EMISSION AND CONTROL OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND NITROGEN OXIDES IN OZONE FORMATION CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 1990 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP ENVIRONM CANADA, ONTARIO MINIST ENVIRONM, NE STATES COORDINATED AIR USE MANAGEMENT, US EPA ID 0.12 PPM OZONE; PULMONARY-FUNCTION CHANGES; AIR-POLLUTION; SHORT-TERM; ASTHMATIC ADOLESCENTS; BRONCHIAL REACTIVITY; RESPIRATORY-FUNCTION; EXERCISING CHILDREN; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; SOUTHERN ONTARIO AB Of the oxidants and nitrogenous compounds found in ambient air, O3 and NO2 are among those most thoroughy investigated. Large health data bases have been compiled in air quality criteria documents, which serve as the basis for review of primary (health) national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for each pollutant. When comparisons can be made, O3 is generally more toxic than other photochemical oxidant species at or near ambient levels, although NO2 does not appear to be of more concern with respect to carcinogenesis. Public health effects of concern for O3 range from acute symptoms (e.g. cough) and decreased lung function to persistent functional changes and permanent scarring of lung tissue, a possible precursor to chronic lung disease. Impairment of immune defenses and increased susceptibility to lung infection have also been associated with O3 exposure. Populations at greatest risk include exercising healthy persons, children, and those with preexisting lung disease. Nitrogen dioxide exhibits similar health effects but at higher concentrations. These effects include acute symptoms and lung function impairment, increased susceptibility to acute respiratory infection, and possibly conditions leading to chronic lung disease. Populations potentially at risk include children, asthmatics, and individuals who exercise in the presence of NO2. Health effects data for O3 and NO2 are under consideration in the current review of both primary NAAQS. RP MCKEE, DJ (reprint author), US EPA,OFF AIR & RADIAT,OFF AIR QUAL PLANNING & STAND,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 98 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 35 DI 10.1007/BF00480811 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LE663 UT WOS:A1993LE66300003 ER PT J AU MIDDLETON, P CHANG, JS BEAUHARNOIS, M HASH, L BINKOWSKI, FS AF MIDDLETON, P CHANG, JS BEAUHARNOIS, M HASH, L BINKOWSKI, FS TI THE ROLE OF NITROGEN-OXIDES IN OXIDANT PRODUCTION AS PREDICTED BY THE REGIONAL ACID DEPOSITION MODEL (RADM) SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF NOX EMISSION AND CONTROL OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND NITROGEN OXIDES IN OZONE FORMATION CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 1990 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP ENVIRONM CANADA, ONTARIO MINIST ENVIRONM, NE STATES COORDINATED AIR USE MANAGEMENT, US EPA ID SULFATE; CLOUDS; OSCAR; SO2 AB Regional oxidant distributions produced under various atmospheric conditions and emission scenarios are investigated using the Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM), RADM is a complex, evolving three-dimensional Eulerian model that describes the chemistry, transport and deposition of tropospheric trace species including SO(x), sulfate, NO(x) and volatile organic compounds as well as O3, other major oxidants and acids. The model calculates the short-term temporal evolution of atmospheric trace gas concentrations and their deposition on the regional scale. This study is focused on oxidant production in the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. The influence of atmospheric conditions is explored by comparing three characteristic winter, summer and spring/fall cases. Base-case 1985 emissions of SO(x), NO(x), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), NH3 and CO are specified using the comprehensive pollutant emissions inventory developed as part of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). The perturbed case, which represents projected anthropogenic emission changes for 2010, indicates changes in daily total 80 km grid average NO(x) emissions ranging from increases of 75% to decreases of 45% and VOC emission changes ranging from increases of 65% to decreases of 20%. The largest NO(x) emission changes occur in the northeast, and the largest VOC changes occur in the Gulf Coast area. Ground level grid average midday O3 concentrations for the 1985 emission cases are highest (on the order of 70 to 100 ppb) in the New York City and Houston metropolitan areas for the summer and spring cases; the summer case also indicates relatively high grid average O3 concentrations of greater than 80 ppb in the southeast. Winter case values are much lower than summer O3 values throughout the region, with highs of 40 to 50 ppb occurring in the southeast and the Great Lakes area. Changes in NO(x) and other emissions under the complex 2010 emissions scenario for the summer case result in maximum O3 concentration reductions of 10% in the Houston area and increases in O3 of a few percent in some rural areas of the southeast. This study underscores the need for more comprehensive assessment of the complex relationships among regional emission changes, oxidant production and atmospheric conditions. C1 SUNY,ATMOSPHER SCI RES CTR,ALBANY,NY 12205. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP MIDDLETON, P (reprint author), SUNY,NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,ATMOSPHER SCI RES CTR,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 159 DI 10.1007/BF00480818 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LE663 UT WOS:A1993LE66300010 ER PT J AU POSSIEL, NC COX, WM AF POSSIEL, NC COX, WM TI THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF NOX AND VOC STRATEGIES IN REDUCING NORTHEAST UNITED-STATES OZONE CONCENTRATIONS SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF NOX EMISSION AND CONTROL OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND NITROGEN OXIDES IN OZONE FORMATION CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 1990 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP ENVIRONM CANADA, ONTARIO MINIST ENVIRONM, NE STATES COORDINATED AIR USE MANAGEMENT, US EPA ID NITROGEN-OXIDES AB This investigation was conducted to compare the relative benefits of controlling emissions of VOC vs. NO(x) for reducing tropospheric O3 (smog) concentrations in the Northeast United States. Because of the nonlinear nature of O3 photochemistry, controls on NO(x) emissions could actually result in increases in O3 depending on the relative amount of VOC present and meteorological conditions. The Regional Oxidant Model (ROM) was used as the tool for estimating the impacts of different VOC and NO3 strategies. Scenarios simulated include a future baseline and separate strategies with controls on just NO(x) just VOC, and a combination of VOC and NO(x) controls. The results indicate that in general, NO(x) controls are more beneficial across the region than VOC controls. However, for several large urban areas, NO(x) controls were predicted to result in higher O3 than VOC controls. Also, the relative benefits of VOC and NO(x) controls varied from day-to-day suggesting a dependency on meteorological conditions. Given the variable nature of the effects of NO(x) controls, additional modeling using more spatially resolved models is warranted to identify specific strategies for attainment of the ozone NAAQS in individual areas. RP POSSIEL, NC (reprint author), US EPA,MAIL DROP 14,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 161 EP 179 DI 10.1007/BF00480819 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LE663 UT WOS:A1993LE66300011 ER PT J AU HELMS, GT VITAS, JB NIKBAKHT, PA AF HELMS, GT VITAS, JB NIKBAKHT, PA TI REGULATORY OPTIONS UNDER THE UNITED-STATES CLEAN-AIR ACT - THE FEDERAL VIEW SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF NOX EMISSION AND CONTROL OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND NITROGEN OXIDES IN OZONE FORMATION CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 1990 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP ENVIRONM CANADA, ONTARIO MINIST ENVIRONM, NE STATES COORDINATED AIR USE MANAGEMENT, US EPA AB This paper documents the evolution of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) policy concerning the relative roles that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oxides of nitrogen (NO(x)) emissions play in ozone nonattainment planning for State implementation plans (SIPs). It further discusses possible new control requirements, including NO(x) measures, that may be required as a result of pending Clean Air Act Amendments. In the early 1970's EPA guidance emphasized the use of VOC control measures to attain the ozone (formerly oxidant) ambient air quality standard. Little if any, control requirements applied to NO(x) emissions. EPA continued to focus guidance requirements upon the control of VOCs during the planning efforts associated with the 1977 Clean Air Act amendments... 1979 SIPs, 1982 plans for long-term problem areas (extension areas), and other revisions to SIPs. Preliminary air quality modeling work to support these later planning efforts revealed that, in certain cases, there were potential benefits of NO(x) control in addition to VOC. With this new insight, EPA's post-1987 policy proposal required states to look at the potential benefits of NO(x) controls in areas with a nonmethane organic compound to NO(x) ratio of 10:1 or greater. In Clean Air Act Amendments currently being debated in the House and Senate, there is an uncertainty with regard to the role of NO(x) controls. Possibilities under consideration range from the application of reasonably available control technology for 100 ton sources of NO(x) to a clean fuel motor vehicle program within 42 months of enactment. RP HELMS, GT (reprint author), US EPA,DIV AIR QUAL MANAGEMENT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.1007/BF00480822 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LE663 UT WOS:A1993LE66300014 ER PT J AU VIDIC, RD SUIDAN, MT SORIAL, GA BRENNER, RC AF VIDIC, RD SUIDAN, MT SORIAL, GA BRENNER, RC TI MOLECULAR-OXYGEN AND THE ADSORPTION OF PHENOLS - EFFECT OF FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ACTIVATED CARBON; ADSORPTIVE CAPACITY; OXIDATIVE COUPLING; PHENOLICS ID PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ACTIVATED CARBON; BREAKTHROUGH CURVES; SINGLE SOLUTES; CAPACITY; BEDS AB This study reveals that the presence of molecular oxygen (oxic conditions) has a significant impact on the exhibited adsorptive capacity of granular activated carbon (GAC) for several phenolic compounds. The increase in the GAC adsorptive capacity under oxic conditions results from polymerization of these adsorbates on the carbon surface. The mechanism of polymer formation is through oxidative coupling of phenolic molecules. The extent of an increase in the GAC adsorptive capacity is in accordance with the ease of oxidation of these compounds. However, substituting a nitro group on the parent phenol molecule suppressed polymerization reactions and no increase in the GAC adsorptive capacity was observed under oxic conditions for these substituents. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,741 BALDWIN ML 0071,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US EPA,RREL BIOSYST ENGN SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. OI Vidic, Radisav/0000-0001-7969-6845 NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 65 IS 2 BP 156 EP 161 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KY900 UT WOS:A1993KY90000009 ER PT J AU BRUMLEY, WC BROWNRIGG, CM GRANGE, AH AF BRUMLEY, WC BROWNRIGG, CM GRANGE, AH TI DETERMINATION OF TOXAPHENE IN SOIL BY ELECTRON-CAPTURE NEGATIVE-ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY AFTER FRACTIONATION BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; SAMPLES; RESIDUES; SPECTRA; FISH AB Toxaphene is extracted from soil by standard procedures using Soxhlet or sonication methods. The extract is fractionated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), which separates toxaphene from the bulk of co-extractives including polychlorinated biphenyls. This HPGPC fractionation has broad application to many problems of environmental analysis. A solid-phase extraction cleanup with silica gel further removes any polar components present in the collected fraction. Determination of toxaphene is accomplished by electron-capture negative ion mass spectrometry (ECNI-MS) after introduction by capillary gas chromatography. Levels down to 100 mug/kg in soil are obtainable. Brief mention is made of high-resolution ECNI-MS carried out at a resolution of 10 000. C1 LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO,ENVIRONM PROGRAM OFF,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. RP BRUMLEY, WC (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD FEB 24 PY 1993 VL 633 IS 1-2 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)83152-I PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KQ337 UT WOS:A1993KQ33700021 ER PT J AU BENIGNUS, V AF BENIGNUS, V TI INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES IN HUMAN BRAIN BLOOD-FLOW (BBF) RESPONSE TO CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN (COHB) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 23 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP A628 EP A628 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP975 UT WOS:A1993KP97500631 ER PT J AU CURRIE, WD PEARLSTEIN, RD SONDERS, RL FROSOLONO, MF HATCH, GE AF CURRIE, WD PEARLSTEIN, RD SONDERS, RL FROSOLONO, MF HATCH, GE TI PULMONARY SURFACTANT REPLACEMENT BY INTRA-TRACHEAL INJECTION OF EXOSURF SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DURHAM,NC 27710. BURROUGHS WELLCOME CO,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 23 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP A687 EP A687 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP975 UT WOS:A1993KP97500969 ER PT J AU KEEN, CL TAUBENECK, MW ROGERS, JM DASTON, GP GERSHWIN, ME AF KEEN, CL TAUBENECK, MW ROGERS, JM DASTON, GP GERSHWIN, ME TI TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA INFLUENCES EMBRYONIC ZN UPTAKE AND IS TERATOGENIC IN THE MOUSE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,CINCINNATI,OH 45239. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NUTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DAVIS,CA 95616. US EPA,HERL,DTD,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 23 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP A734 EP A734 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP975 UT WOS:A1993KP97501235 ER PT J AU THOMAS, DJ STYBLO, M AF THOMAS, DJ STYBLO, M TI INTERACTION OF C-14 METHYLARSONATE WITH MOUSE-LIVER CYTOSOLIC PROTEINS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 23 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP A571 EP A571 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP975 UT WOS:A1993KP97500308 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ AF GORDON, CJ TI ACUTE AND DELAYED-EFFECTS OF DIISOPROPYL FLUOROPHOSPHATE (DFP) ON BODY-TEMPERATURE, HEART-RATE, AND MOTOR-ACTIVITY IN THE AWAKE, UNRESTRAINED RAT SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A16 EP A16 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400092 ER PT J AU MASSARO, EJ CHERRY, RS AF MASSARO, EJ CHERRY, RS TI EFFECTS OF PLURONIC F-68 ON PLANAR LIPID BILAYER PERMEABILITY FOLLOWING FUSION WITH SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM VESICLES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DUKE UNIV,CTR BIOCHEM ENGN,DURHAM,NC 27706. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A359 EP A359 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97402074 ER PT J AU WATKINSON, WP HIGHFILL, JW WIESTER, MJ AF WATKINSON, WP HIGHFILL, JW WIESTER, MJ TI CHRONOBIOLOGIC EVALUATION OF OZONE TOXICITY WITH CHANGES IN AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE IN THE UNANESTHETIZED, UNRESTRAINED RAT SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A508 EP A508 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97402943 ER PT J AU DELNOMDEDIEU, M BASTI, MM OTVOS, J THOMAS, DJ AF DELNOMDEDIEU, M BASTI, MM OTVOS, J THOMAS, DJ TI MULTINUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE STUDIES OF ARSENIC-GLUTATHIONE COMPLEXES SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNC,CTR ENVIRONM MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NCSU,DEPT BIOCHEM,RALEIGH,NC. US EPA,RTP,RALEIGH,NC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD FEB 8 PY 1993 SU 17C BP 261 EP 261 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN466 UT WOS:A1993KN46600887 ER PT J AU JAWORSKI, NA AF JAWORSKI, NA TI THE APPLICATION OF THE ECOTONE CONCEPT IN DEFINING NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR THE UPPER POTOMAC RIVER BASIN SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE NUTRIENTS; ECOTONES; POTOMAC RIVER; NITROGEN; WATERSHEDS ID AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; COASTAL-PLAIN; ESTUARY AB The utility of the ecotone concept in nutrient management studies of the Potomac River basin, a large USA watershed, is examined. The MAB hypothesis suggesting that 'the influence of an ecotone or adjacent system is proportional to the length and scope of the interfaces' (Naiman et al., 1989) is the major focus of this paper. The land-riverine ecotone appears to have a major influence on the total nitrogen balance and river export flux of nitrogen for the upper Potomac River basin. A method of converting conventional areal flux units into linear flux rates is suggested. RP JAWORSKI, NA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB 5 PY 1993 VL 251 IS 1-3 BP 341 EP 349 DI 10.1007/BF00007193 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KX969 UT WOS:A1993KX96900038 ER PT J AU SINCLAIR, JL KAMPBELL, DH COOK, ML WILSON, JT AF SINCLAIR, JL KAMPBELL, DH COOK, ML WILSON, JT TI PROTOZOA IN SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM SITES CONTAMINATED WITH AVIATION GASOLINE OR JET FUEL SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIA; AQUIFER; GROWTH; OKLAHOMA; WATER; SOIL; OIL AB Numbers of protozoa in the subsurface of aviation gasoline and jet fuel spill areas at a Coast Guard base at Traverse City, Mich., were determined. Boreholes were drilled in an uncontaminated location, in contaminated but untreated parts of the fuel plumes, and in the aviation gasoline source area undergoing H2O2 biotreatment. Samples were taken from the unsaturated zone to depths slightly below the floating free product in the saturated zone. Protozoa were found to occur in elevated numbers in the unsaturated zone, where fuel vapors mixed with atmospheric oxygen, and below the layer of floating fuel, where uncontaminated groundwater came into contact with fuel. The same trends were noted in the biotreatment area, except that numbers of protozoa were higher. Numbers of protozoa in some contaminated areas equalled or exceeded those found in surface soil. The abundance of protozoa in the biotreatment area was high enough that it would be expected to significantly reduce the bacterial community that was degrading the fuel. Little reduction in hydraulic conductivity was observed, and no bacterial fouling of the aquifer was observed during biotreatment. C1 US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. RP SINCLAIR, JL (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 22 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 59 IS 2 BP 467 EP 472 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KK916 UT WOS:A1993KK91600017 PM 16348871 ER PT J AU CRAWFORD, DL DOYLE, JD WANG, ZM HENDRICKS, CW BENTJEN, SA BOLTON, H FREDRICKSON, JK BLEAKLEY, BH AF CRAWFORD, DL DOYLE, JD WANG, ZM HENDRICKS, CW BENTJEN, SA BOLTON, H FREDRICKSON, JK BLEAKLEY, BH TI EFFECTS OF A LIGNIN PEROXIDASE-EXPRESSING RECOMBINANT, STREPTOMYCES-LIVIDANS TK23.1, ON BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING AND THE NUMBERS AND ACTIVITIES OF MICROORGANISMS IN SOIL SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS; CORE MICROCOSMS; ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA; WILD-TYPE; SURVIVAL; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETATE; MINERALIZATION; DEGRADATION; ECOSYSTEM; BACTERIA AB A recombinant actinomycete, Streptomyces lividans TK23.1, expressing a pIJ702-encoded extracellular lignin peroxidase gene cloned from the chromosome of Streptomyces viridosporus T7A, was released into soil in flask- and microcosm-scale studies to determine its effects on humification and elemental cycling and on the numbers, types, and activities of microorganisms native to the soil. Strain TK23.1 had been shown previously to transiently increase the rate of organic carbon mineralization in soil via an effect that was recombinant specific and particularly significant in nonsterile soils already possessing an active microflora. The results of this study confirmed the previous findings and showed that additional effects were measurable upon release of the recombinant strain TK23.1 into unamended soil and into soil amended with lignocellulose. In addition to a transient enhancement of carbon mineralization, the recombinant affected soil pH, the rate of incorporation of carbon into soil humus fractions, nitrogen cycling, the relative populations of some microbial groups, and also certain soil enzyme activities. Whereas the survival or persistence in soil of the recombinant TK23.1 strain and that of its parent, TK23, were similar, the observed effects on microbial numbers, types, and activities were recombinant specific and did not occur when the parental strain was released into soil. All of the measured effects were transient, generally lasting for only a few days. While the effects were statistically significant, their ecological significance appears to be minimal. This is the first report showing that a recombinant actinomycete can affect the microbial ecology of soil in ways that can be readily monitored by using a battery of microbiological, enzymological, and chemical assays. C1 US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. RP UNIV IDAHO, DEPT BACTERIOL & BIOCHEM, MOSCOW, ID 83844 USA. RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011 NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 59 IS 2 BP 508 EP 518 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KK916 UT WOS:A1993KK91600024 PM 8434915 ER PT J AU ISRAELI, E SHAFFER, BT HOYT, JA LIGHTHART, B GANIO, LM AF ISRAELI, E SHAFFER, BT HOYT, JA LIGHTHART, B GANIO, LM TI SURVIVAL DIFFERENCES AMONG FREEZE-DRIED GENETICALLY ENGINEERED AND WILD-TYPE BACTERIA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENVIRONMENT; DISPERSAL AB Because the death mechanisms of freeze-dried and air-dried bacteria are thought to be similar, freeze-drying was used to investigate the survival differences between potentially airborne genetically engineered microorganisms and their wild types. To this end, engineered strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas syringae were freeze-dried and exposed to air, visible light, or both. The death rates of all engineered strains were significantly higher than those of their parental strains. Light and air exposure were found to increase the death rates of all strains. Application of death rate models to freeze-dried engineered bacteria to be released into the environment is discussed. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 35TH ST SW,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT GEN SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 59 IS 2 BP 594 EP 598 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KK916 UT WOS:A1993KK91600038 PM 8434925 ER PT J AU MIDDAUGH, DP RESNICK, SM LANTZ, SE HEARD, CS MUELLER, JG AF MIDDAUGH, DP RESNICK, SM LANTZ, SE HEARD, CS MUELLER, JG TI TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF BIODEGRADED PENTACHLOROPHENOL - MICROTOX(R) AND FISH EMBRYOS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT; SOIL; CREOSOTE; PHANEROCHAETE; METABOLISM; TERBUFOS AB A Gram-negative bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. strain SR3, was isolated from soil at a former wood treatment plant in north central Florida. The ability of this bacterium to degrade pentachlorophenol (PCP) was confirmed by growing cells in a basal salts medium in which PCP was the only source of carbon and energy. Degradation from a measured concentration of 39-40 mug PCP/ml to 0.0006 mug PCP/ml was observed within 120 h of incubation in the presence of PCP-induced cells of Pseudomonas sp. strain SR3. The initial cell density in these cultures was 6 X 10(6) cfu/Ml . Microtox(R) 5 min EC50 toxicity tests revealed that aqueous solutions of PCP, measured concentrations 39-40 mug/ml were toxic but that final, biodegraded samples, 0.0006 mug PCP/ml were nontoxic. However, bioassays with embryonic inland silversides, Menidia beryllina, showed that the biodegraded samples were embryotoxic or teratogenic. Water containing added PCP at concentrations up to 30 times higher than measured in the final biodegraded samples was less toxic/teratogenic. These results indicate that while biodegradation of PCP was nearly complete, intermediate metabolites of the degradation process or undegraded impurities in PCP were toxic or teratogenic. Thus, the M. beryllina bioassay allows extremely sensitive assessment of toxicity associated with biodegraded environmental pollutants and may be a useful criterion for determining whether bioremediated water or soil is safe for discharge back into the environment. C1 US EPA,TECH RESOURCES INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. US EPA,SBP TECHNOL INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP MIDDAUGH, DP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 24 IS 2 BP 165 EP 172 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KG963 UT WOS:A1993KG96300005 PM 8466298 ER PT J AU SMITH, ND RATANAPHRUKS, K TUFTS, MW NG, AS AF SMITH, ND RATANAPHRUKS, K TUFTS, MW NG, AS TI R-245CA - A POTENTIAL FAR-TERM ALTERNATIVE FOR R-11 SO ASHRAE JOURNAL-AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS LA English DT Article RP SMITH, ND (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,STRATOSPHER OZONE PROTECT BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEAT REFRIG AIR- CONDITIONING ENG INC PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J.-Am. Soc. Heat Refrig. Air-Cond. Eng. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 35 IS 2 BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA KN183 UT WOS:A1993KN18300008 ER PT J AU LEFOHN, AS MCEVOY, LR TINGEY, DT SEBAUGH, JL HOGSETT, WE AF LEFOHN, AS MCEVOY, LR TINGEY, DT SEBAUGH, JL HOGSETT, WE TI POTENTIAL BIAS FROM NONCONTINUOUS MONITORING OF AMBIENT OZONE CONCENTRATIONS FOR CHARACTERIZING HOURLY AND DAILY 7-HOUR AND 12-HOUR AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE OZONE; BIAS; LEVEL OF ACCURACY; NONCONTINUOUS MONITORING; INFREQUENT SAMPLING; TIME-SHARING ID YIELD; GROWTH; IMPACT AB Researchers using chamber experiments to investigate O3 effects on vegetation do not always monitor O3 concentrations continuously. Errors introduced because of non-continuous monitoring during experimental treatments may result in the inadequate characterization of hourly average concentrations, with the consequence that summarized exposure indices may provide inaccurate linkages between experimental results and the standard-setting process. We have investigated the uncertainties associated with limited sampling to characterize (1) hourly average and (2) daily 7- and 12-h average O3 concentrations. As expected, accuracy increased with increased sampling; over- and underestimation of hourly values was directly related to whether the actual concentrations were increasing, decreasing or stable from one hour to the next. When non-continuous sampling was used at sites experiencing small changes from one hour to the next, more than 85 and 60% of the estimated hourly average values were within +/-5 and +/-2.5 ppb of the actual values, respectively. For a site where average O3 concentrations changed rapidly from one hour to the next, a greater error was observed. For the daily 7- and 12-h average values, when hourly average concentrations did not change rapidly from one hour to the next, 85% or more of the estimated values agreed within +/-2 ppb, independent of sampling frequency. Greater uncertainty was experienced when hourly average concentrations changed at a faster rate. When considering the uncertainties associated with non-continuous sampling, investigators should specify the level of accuracy needed to characterize hourly average concentrations and then select the number of samples per hour required to meet that objective. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. SEBAUGHS INFORMAT SERV,LAKE OZARK,MO 65049. RP LEFOHN, AS (reprint author), ASL & ASSOCIATES,111 N LAST CHANCE GULCH,HELENA,MT 59601, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD FEB PY 1993 VL 27 IS 2 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90344-X PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KP206 UT WOS:A1993KP20600003 ER PT J AU BLACKMAN, CF BENANE, SG AF BLACKMAN, CF BENANE, SG TI A MODEL SYSTEM TO DEMONSTRATE CELLULAR EFFECTS FROM POWER-LINE-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC-FIELDS SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 64 IS 2 BP A102 EP A102 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA KP517 UT WOS:A1993KP51700583 ER PT J AU DENNISON, WC ORTH, RJ MOORE, KA STEVENSON, JC CARTER, V KOLLAR, S BERGSTROM, PW BATIUK, RA AF DENNISON, WC ORTH, RJ MOORE, KA STEVENSON, JC CARTER, V KOLLAR, S BERGSTROM, PW BATIUK, RA TI ASSESSING WATER-QUALITY WITH SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TIDAL POTOMAC RIVER; UPPER CHESAPEAKE BAY; MACROPHYTE COMMUNITIES; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; LIGHT; GROWTH; DECLINE; PLANTS; SEA; ESTUARINE C1 COLL WILLIAM & MARY,VIRGINIA INST MARINE SCI,GLOUCESTER POINT,VA 23602. UNIV QUEENSLAND,DEPT BOT,ST LUCIA,QLD 4072,AUSTRALIA. UNIV MARYLAND,HORN POINT ENVIRONM LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MD 21613. HARFORD COMMUNITY COLL,BEL AIR,MD 21014. COMP SCI CORP,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21403. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. US EPA,CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM OFF,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21403. RI Dennison, William/D-7739-2012 NR 50 TC 493 Z9 515 U1 10 U2 78 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 86 EP 94 DI 10.2307/1311969 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA KJ362 UT WOS:A1993KJ36200007 ER PT J AU CAPORUSCIO, FA SMYTH, JR AF CAPORUSCIO, FA SMYTH, JR TI TRACE-ELEMENT CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY OF MANTLE ECLOGITES - REPLY SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PARTITION COEFFICIENTS; IGNEOUS FRACTIONATION; CLINOPYROXENE; SYSTEMATICS; RB; SR C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. US EPA,NEW YORK,NY. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 113 IS 2 BP 285 EP 288 DI 10.1007/BF00283235 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA KM816 UT WOS:A1993KM81600011 ER PT J AU SUMMERS, JK WILSON, HT KOU, JY AF SUMMERS, JK WILSON, HT KOU, JY TI A METHOD FOR QUANTIFYING THE PREDICTION UNCERTAINTIES ASSOCIATED WITH WATER-QUALITY MODELS SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; BEHAVIOR AB Many environmental regulatory agencies depend, to a large extent, upon the use of models to organize, understand, and utilize the information available for regulatory decision making. In light of the extensive use of environmental models, we developed a general analytical protocol to quantify the prediction error associated with commonly used surface water quality models. The methodology is designed in order to compare water quality models configured to represent different levels of spatial, temporal, and mechanistic complexity. This comparison can be accomplished by fitting the models to a benchmark data set. Once the models are successfully fitted to the benchmark data, the prediction errors associated with each application can be quantified using the Monte Carlo simulation techniques. The application of the protocol using these simulation techniques is described in a companion paper in which comparisons among model uncertainty results are made using the Wilcoxon ranked sum test to determine significant differences. C1 COASTAL ENVIRONM SERV INC,LINTHICUM HTS,MD 21045. VERSAR INC,COLUMBIA,MD 21045. RP SUMMERS, JK (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,SABINE ISL,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 65 IS 3-4 BP 161 EP 176 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM792 UT WOS:A1993KM79200001 ER PT J AU SURAMPALLI, RY BAUMANN, ER AF SURAMPALLI, RY BAUMANN, ER TI EFFECTIVENESS OF SUPPLEMENTAL AERATION AND AN ENLARGED 1ST-STAGE IN IMPROVING RBC PERFORMANCE SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article AB A full-scale RBC plant having two parallel trains and treating combined municipal and industrial dairy waste was used to investigate the effectiveness of supplemental aeration and an enlarged first-stage in improving RBC performance. Enlarged first-stage was created by removing the baffles between the first two stages. One RBC train was used as a control and the other train was used to evaluate the combined effectiveness of supplemental aeration and an enlarged first-stage. Composite wastewater samples were collected from influent and effluent of each RBC stage in both trains. Samples were analyzed for soluble COD and BOD5, ammonia nitrogen, and suspended solids. Wastewater temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen levels were measured in each stage. The study results indicate that it is possible to achieve higher organic loading rates and removal rates when RBC units are provided with supplemental aeration and enlarged first-stage. RP SURAMPALLI, RY (reprint author), US EPA,KANSAS CITY,KS 66101, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 1 BP 24 EP 29 DI 10.1002/ep.670120106 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KN861 UT WOS:A1993KN86100006 ER PT J AU SOUKUP, J KOREN, HS BECKER, S AF SOUKUP, J KOREN, HS BECKER, S TI OZONE EFFECT ON RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTIVITY AND CYTOKINE PRODUCTION BY HUMAN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; INVITRO; DISEASE; INFLAMMATION; ANTIGENS; LUNG C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SOUKUP, J (reprint author), TRC ALLIANCE INC,6320 QUADRANGLE DR,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514, USA. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 60 IS 2 BP 178 EP 186 DI 10.1006/enrs.1993.1025 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KQ406 UT WOS:A1993KQ40600002 PM 8472647 ER PT J AU COULTER, CT AF COULTER, CT TI INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP COULTER, CT (reprint author), US EPA,OFF AIR QUAL PLANNING & STAND,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 27 IS 2 BP 205 EP 205 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KK656 UT WOS:A1993KK65600003 ER PT J AU MCCRADY, JK MAGGARD, SP AF MCCRADY, JK MAGGARD, SP TI UPTAKE AND PHOTODEGRADATION OF 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN SORBED TO GRASS FOLIAGE SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; ORGANIC-CHEMICAL VAPORS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PLANT FOLIAGE; ATMOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; BIOCONCENTRATION; TRANSLOCATION; DEPOSITION; LEAVES AB Plant uptake rates were determined for vapor-phase 2,3,7,8-TCDD using grass foliage. The primary elimination mechanisms for 2,3,7,8-TCDD from grass, photodegradation and volatility, were measured in natural sunlight, filtered sunlight with reduced UV-B radiation, and in the dark. Rapid sorption of 2,3,7,8-TCDD vapor to grass resulted in an initial uptake rate constant of 1750 h-1. Photodegradation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and volatility of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from the foliage back into the air were both significant elimination mechanisms. The photodegradation half-life of 2,3,7,8-TCDD sorbed to grass and exposed to natural sunlight was 44 h (k2 = 0.0156 h-1). The half-life resulting from volatility of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from the grass foliage was 128 h (k2 = 0.0054 h-1). A two-compartment uptake and clearance model was used to estimate a theoretical air-to-grass bioconcentration factor of 7.9 X 10(6) (v/v). The uptake and elimination rates and the bioconcentration factor for 2,3,7,8-TCDD and grass are compared to results reported for 1,2,3,4-TCDD and azalea (18). The rapid photodegradation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD sorbed to grass indicates this elimination mechanism should be considered when plant contamination from 2,3,7,8-TCDD is estimated. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP MCCRADY, JK (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 19 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 27 IS 2 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.1021/es00039a015 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KK656 UT WOS:A1993KK65600028 ER PT J AU VALENTINE, RL ZEPP, RG AF VALENTINE, RL ZEPP, RG TI FORMATION OF CARBON-MONOXIDE FROM THE PHOTODEGRADATION OF TERRESTRIAL DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON IN NATURAL-WATERS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FULVIC-ACID; SEA-WATER; MATTER; CYCLE; OCEAN; RATES; UV C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP VALENTINE, RL (reprint author), UNIV IOWA,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA. NR 31 TC 141 Z9 155 U1 6 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 27 IS 2 BP 409 EP 412 DI 10.1021/es00039a023 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KK656 UT WOS:A1993KK65600036 ER PT J AU TABAK, HH GOVIND, R AF TABAK, HH GOVIND, R TI PREDICTION OF BIODEGRADATION KINETICS USING A NONLINEAR GROUP CONTRIBUTION METHOD SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS; BIODEGRADATION KINETICS; RESPIROMETRY; GROUP CONTRIBUTION METHOD; NEURAL NETWORKS ID QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE; MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; DEGRADATION AB The fate of organic chemicals in the environment depends on their susceptibility to biodegradation. Hence, development of regulations concerning their manufacture and use requires information on the extent and rate of biodegradation. Recent studies have attempted to correlate the kinetics of biodegradation with the molecular structure of the compound. This has led to the development of structure-biodegradation relationships (SBRs) using the group contribution approach. Each defined group present in the chemical structure of the compound is assigned a unique numerical contribution toward the calculation of the biodegradation kinetic constants. In this paper, a nonlinear group contribution method has been developed using neural networks; it is trained using literature data on the first-order biodegradation kinetic rate constant for a number of priority pollutants. The trained neural network is then used to predict the biodegradation kinetic constant for a new list of compounds, and the results have been compared with the experimental values and the predictions obtained from a linear group contribution method. It has been shown that the nonlinear group contribution method using neural networks is able to provide a superior fit to the training set data and test data set and produce a lower prediction error than the previous linear method. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US EPA,RREL,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 2 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[251:POBKUA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KK070 UT WOS:A1993KK07000008 ER PT J AU PHIPPS, GL ANKLEY, GT BENOIT, DA MATTSON, VR AF PHIPPS, GL ANKLEY, GT BENOIT, DA MATTSON, VR TI USE OF THE AQUATIC OLIGOCHAETE LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS FOR ASSESSING THE TOXICITY AND BIOACCUMULATION OF SEDIMENT-ASSOCIATED CONTAMINANTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SEDIMENT; TOXICITY; BIOACCUMULATION; OLIGOCHAETE ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; RELATIVE TOLERANCES; LAKE-MICHIGAN; CADMIUM; MACROINVERTEBRATES; HEXACHLOROBENZENE; BIOCONCENTRATION; BIOAVAILABILITY AB In this paper we describe test methods utilizing the aquatic oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus to assess the acute and chronic toxicity and the presence of bioaccumulatable compounds in contaminated sediments. Lumbriculus variegatus was chosen as a test species because (a) it represents an ecologically relevant component of freshwater ecosystems (i.e., oligochaetes); (b) it is suitable for long-term testing and evaluation of chronic toxicity end points (e.g., growth, reproduction); (c) it is exposed via all important routes of concern, including ingestion of contaminated particles; and (d) it has sufficient biomass to assess bioaccumulation of contaminants. Also, Lumbriculus variegatus is easily cultured and handled. Described herein are culturing procedures and test protocols (e.g., test length, sample size, feeding, etc.) for Lumbriculus variegatus, as well as two examples of the types of experimental data generated when using the oligochaete in tests with contaminated sediments. RP PHIPPS, GL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB DULLITH,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 37 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 5 U2 29 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 2 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[269:UOTAOL]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KK070 UT WOS:A1993KK07000010 ER PT J AU ANKLEY, GT MATTSON, VR LEONARD, EN WEST, CW BENNETT, JL AF ANKLEY, GT MATTSON, VR LEONARD, EN WEST, CW BENNETT, JL TI PREDICTING THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF COPPER IN FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS - EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SEDIMENT; COPPER; TOXICITY; ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; INTERSTITIAL WATER ID BIOAVAILABILITY; CADMIUM AB Acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) has been proposed as an important partitioning phase determining the bioavailability of cationic metals in sediments. The objective of this research was to evaluate the role of AVS in determining copper toxicity in sediments from two sites heavily contaminated with copper: Steilacoom Lake, Washington, and the Keweenaw Watershed, Michigan. Sediments from the two sites were used in 10-d toxicity tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca, and results of the toxicity tests were compared to bioavailability predictions based on copper and AVS concentrations in the test sediments, as well as copper concentrations in the sediment interstitial (pore) water. Normalization of sediment copper concentrations to AVS accurately predicted sediments that were nontoxic when molar copper-to-AVS ratios were less than one; however, toxicity also was frequently not observed in samples with molar copper-to-AVS ratios significantly greater than one. In contrast, measurement of pore-water copper concentrations and subsequent comparison of these concentrations to water-only copper toxicity data for Hyalella azteca resulted in accurate predictions of the presence and extent of copper toxicity in the test sediments. These results indicate that AVS alone is not an appropriate partitioning phase for predicting copper bioavailability in freshwater sediments. C1 STATE WASHINGTON DEPT ECOL,OLYMPIA,WA 98504. RP ANKLEY, GT (reprint author), US EPA,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 17 TC 83 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 12 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 2 BP 315 EP 320 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KK070 UT WOS:A1993KK07000014 ER PT J AU FOLMAR, LC AF FOLMAR, LC TI EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS ON BLOOD-CHEMISTRY OF TELEOST FISH - A BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SYNOPSIS OF SELECTED EFFECTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE FISH; BLOOD CHEMISTRY; CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS; TOXICOLOGY ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; FEMALE RAINBOW-TROUT; HETEROPNEUSTES-FOSSILIS BLOCH; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L; SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; FRESH-WATER FISH; PLASMA GROWTH-HORMONE; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; ICTALURUS-NEBULOSUS LESUEUR; MULLET MUGIL-CEPHALUS AB The purpose of this article is to provide a bibliography of publications that describe the effects of organic and inorganic chemical contaminants on serum chemistry and hematology of teleost fish with a brief synopsis of those effects. Also included is a review of ''normal'' or ''reference'' values for various blood chemistry parameters and hormones measurable in a number of fish species. RP US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, GULF BREEZE, FL 32561 USA. NR 350 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 2 BP 337 EP 375 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[337:EOCCOB]2.0.CO;2 PG 39 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KK070 UT WOS:A1993KK07000016 ER PT J AU LYE, DJ DUFOUR, AP AF LYE, DJ DUFOUR, AP TI VIRULENCE CHARACTERISTICS OF HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA COMMONLY ISOLATED FROM POTABLE WATER SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND WATER QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Heterotrophic bacteria isolated from drinking water distribution systems were examined to determine if they possessed putative virulence factors such as hemolysins, proteases, or cytotoxins. Representative samples of colonies from several different distribution systems indicated that the median percentage of heterotrophic bacteria having at least one putative virulence characteristic was about 11% and all of the samples contained bacteria expressing at least one putative virulence characteristic. The overall frequency of bacteria from drinking water distribution samples expressing more than one putative virulence factor ranged from 0 to 8%. The eukaryotic cell culture cytotoxicity test appeared to be the most reliable indicator of those bacteria expressing multiple virulence factors. The results also indicated that the expression of putative virulence factors was highly dependent upon the type of isolation medium used. Although slow-growing heterotrophic bacteria occurred at high densities in certain systems, they expressed very few of the putative virulence factors observed in this study. RP LYE, DJ (reprint author), US EPA,DIV MICROBIOL RES,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1053-4725 J9 ENVIRON TOXIC WATER JI Environ. Toxicol. Water Quality PD FEB PY 1993 VL 8 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1002/tox.2530080103 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA KH611 UT WOS:A1993KH61100002 ER PT J AU HILL, RN CHAMBERS, WA GREEN, S GUPTA, KC HURLEY, PM LAMBERT, LA LEE, CC LEE, JK LIU, PT LOWTHER, DK ROBERTS, CD SEABAUGH, VM SPRINGER, JA WILCOX, NL AF HILL, RN CHAMBERS, WA GREEN, S GUPTA, KC HURLEY, PM LAMBERT, LA LEE, CC LEE, JK LIU, PT LOWTHER, DK ROBERTS, CD SEABAUGH, VM SPRINGER, JA WILCOX, NL TI WORKSHOP ON UPDATING EYE IRRITATION TEST METHODS - PROPOSALS FOR REGULATORY CONSENSUS SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material AB Multiple procedures for the conduct and evaluation of eye irritation testing are currently used in the USA and worldwide. An international workshop on the eye irritation test in rabbits was held to identify different testing and evaluation practices, develop proposals for change that minimize differences in these methods and determine areas of consensus in the scientific community. These efforts are intended to culminate in the development of a more uniform US position and serve as a point of discussion for international harmonization. The following seven papers delineate the proposals that were presented at the workshop. A summary of the presentations and discussion as well as future directions is also presented. C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. US CONSUMER PROD SAFETY COMMISS,BETHESDA,MD 20207. RP HILL, RN (reprint author), US EPA,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 79 EP 79 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(93)90117-H PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA KR863 UT WOS:A1993KR86300001 ER PT J AU GREEN, S CHAMBERS, WA GUPTA, KC HILL, RN HURLEY, PM LAMBERT, LA LEE, CC LEE, JK LIU, PT LOWTHER, DK ROBERTS, CD SEABAUGH, VM SPRINGER, JA WILCOX, NL AF GREEN, S CHAMBERS, WA GUPTA, KC HILL, RN HURLEY, PM LAMBERT, LA LEE, CC LEE, JK LIU, PT LOWTHER, DK ROBERTS, CD SEABAUGH, VM SPRINGER, JA WILCOX, NL TI CRITERIA FOR INVITRO ALTERNATIVES FOR THE EYE IRRITATION TEST SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGAROSE DIFFUSION METHOD; OCULAR IRRITANCY; COSMETIC PRODUCTS AB A proposal encompassing considerations and criteria for the development of in vitro alternatives to the eye irritation test has been developed and is presented here. Two factors need to be considered initially in developing an alternative test. The first is to determine whether the alternative assay is to be used as a screen or as a replacement for the eye irritation test. Less stringent acceptance criteria are required for an assay used as a screen than for that used as a replacement test. A screen is a preliminary test for the assessment of eye irritation. It is used for making preliminary decisions or establishing the direction for further testing. Screens answer fewer and less complex questions than a replacement test would, since the results from screens are usually confirmed by more definitive testing. A replacement test, however, must provide the same answers as in vivo methods for the assessment of eye irritation and must provide data for making a definitive toxicological assessment of eye irritation. The second factor to be considered is knowledge of the in vivo assay intended to be replaced. This knowledge should include the procedural aspects of the test and the regulatory information it provides. The following may be considered as criteria for in vitro tests used as screens or as replacements for the eye irritation test in rabbits: rationale (there should be a clear statement regarding the rationale for the use of a particular test in relation to the availability of other tests); relevance (the in vitro endpoint should have biological or physiological relevance to the effect to be detected in vivo): and validational (intralaboratory as well as interlaboratory validation must be conducted). C1 US CONSUMER PROD SAFETY COMMISS,BETHESDA,MD 20207. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP GREEN, S (reprint author), US FDA,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(93)90118-I PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA KR863 UT WOS:A1993KR86300002 PM 8449460 ER PT J AU HURLEY, PM CHAMBERS, WA GREEN, S GUPTA, KC HILL, RN LAMBERT, LA LEE, CC LEE, JK LIU, PT LOWTHER, DK ROBERTS, CD SEABAUGH, VM SPRINGER, JA WILCOX, NL AF HURLEY, PM CHAMBERS, WA GREEN, S GUPTA, KC HILL, RN LAMBERT, LA LEE, CC LEE, JK LIU, PT LOWTHER, DK ROBERTS, CD SEABAUGH, VM SPRINGER, JA WILCOX, NL TI SCREENING PROCEDURES FOR EYE IRRITATION SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCULAR IRRITANCY AB Screens aid in identifying some severe irritants or corrosives and eliminating them from consideration for in vivo eye irritation testing. Products may be evaluated for ocular irritation potential in a stepwise progression as follows: (1) products at pH extremes of 2 or below or of 11.5 or above may be considered to be ocular irritants; (2) based on chemical structure-activity considerations, some products may be judged to have ocular irritation potential; (3) validated and accepted in vitro systems may possibly be used as a screen in the future; (4) when a test material demonstrates severe acute dermal toxicity (lethality at less-than-or-equal-to 200 mg/kg body weight), further testing for either dermal or ocular irritation may not need to be undertaken; (5) if a substance shows a primary dermal irritation index of 5 or above, it may be considered to be an ocular irritant; (6) materials that are not removed from consideration based on these proposed screens may then be considered for testing for ocular irritation in rabbits under accepted procedures. In a survey given to participants in the workshop, a high percentage believed that screens should be used. However, opinions on the use of the individual screens varied between the different interested groups attending, with the possible future use of in vitro screens for specific product lines having the highest percentage of agreement (57-100%). C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. US CONSUMER PROD SAFETY COMMISS,BETHESDA,MD 20207. RP HURLEY, PM (reprint author), US EPA,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(93)90119-J PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA KR863 UT WOS:A1993KR86300003 PM 8449461 ER PT J AU SEABAUGH, VM CHAMBERS, WA GREEN, S GUPTA, KC HILL, RN HURLEY, PM LAMBERT, LA LEE, CC LEE, JK LIU, PT LOWTHER, DK ROBERTS, CD SPRINGER, JA WILCOX, NL AF SEABAUGH, VM CHAMBERS, WA GREEN, S GUPTA, KC HILL, RN HURLEY, PM LAMBERT, LA LEE, CC LEE, JK LIU, PT LOWTHER, DK ROBERTS, CD SPRINGER, JA WILCOX, NL TI USE OF OPHTHALMIC TOPICAL ANESTHETICS SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRESERVATIVES AB Pretreatment of the eyes of rabbits with a topical anaesthetic can be viewed as a refinement of the test for eye irritation. It reduces pain at the time of test-material administration, decreases animal distress and permits easier application of the test agent to the eye. In some cases, however, use of an anaesthetic either alone or in combination with the test substance may alter ocular responses or provide little benefit. Although anaesthetic pretreatment may result in decreased pain at the time of test-compound administration, it does not affect possible pain after the effects of the anaesthetic have dissipated. Some anaesthetics are themselves irritating to eyes. In addition, anaesthetics reduce blinking and tearing, thereby maintaining the test-material concentration at the surface of the eye longer. Corneal permeability may also be increased with pretreatment use of an anaesthetic, and may bring the test agent into contact with more structures of the eye. Some anaesthetics delay healing after ocular injury. All of these varied effects may result in increased irritation to the eye. Overall, pretreatment with anaesthetics has usually resulted in a tendency for slightly higher irritation scores; eye irritancy classification is usually unaffected. C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. US CONSUMER PROD SAFETY COMMISS,BETHESDA,MD 20207. RP SEABAUGH, VM (reprint author), US EPA,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 95 EP 98 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(93)90120-N PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA KR863 UT WOS:A1993KR86300004 PM 8449462 ER PT J AU LAMBERT, LA CHAMBERS, WA GREEN, S GUPTA, KC HILL, RN HURLEY, PM LEE, CC LEE, JK LIU, PT LOWTHER, DK ROBERTS, CD SEABAUGH, VM SPRINGER, JA WILCOX, NL AF LAMBERT, LA CHAMBERS, WA GREEN, S GUPTA, KC HILL, RN HURLEY, PM LEE, CC LEE, JK LIU, PT LOWTHER, DK ROBERTS, CD SEABAUGH, VM SPRINGER, JA WILCOX, NL TI THE USE OF LOW-VOLUME DOSING IN THE EYE IRRITATION TEST SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCULAR IRRITANCY; RABBIT EYE; DOSAGE AB The Draize rabbit eye test was developed to provide a method for assessing the irritation potential of materials that might come in contact with human eyes. The method involves the instillation of 0.1 ml of a test liquid (100 mg solid) into the conjunctival sac of an animal's eye. A refinement of the Draize test is the low-volume eye test in which 0.01 ml of a substance is placed directly on the cornea of the eye. Studies indicate that the low-volume method provides a better correlation to human eye irritation experience for some substances. The Interagency Regulatory Alternatives Group (IRAG) proposes that the low-volume eye test can be used to substantiate the irritancy of suspect severe ocular irritants that have not been eliminated by various pre-eye test 'screens'. A substance testing positive by the low-volume method can be classified as an irritant; one that tests negative will require further testing by the use of the 0.1-ml volume procedure. For all other definitive testing, the Draize test (0.1 ml) should be used. Results from a questionnaire distributed at the IRAG workshop showed that many workshop participants thought that the low-volume test should be used as an eye irritation screening procedure. C1 US CONSUMER PROD SAFETY COMMISS,BETHESDA,MD 20207. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP LAMBERT, LA (reprint author), US FDA,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 99 EP 103 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(93)90121-E PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA KR863 UT WOS:A1993KR86300005 PM 8449463 ER PT J AU SPRINGER, JA CHAMBERS, WA GREEN, S GUPTA, KC HILL, RN HURLEY, PM LAMBERT, LA LEE, CC LEE, JK LIU, PT LOWTHER, DK ROBERTS, CD SEABAUGH, VM WILCOX, NL AF SPRINGER, JA CHAMBERS, WA GREEN, S GUPTA, KC HILL, RN HURLEY, PM LAMBERT, LA LEE, CC LEE, JK LIU, PT LOWTHER, DK ROBERTS, CD SEABAUGH, VM WILCOX, NL TI NUMBER OF ANIMALS FOR SEQUENTIAL TESTING SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRRITATION AB US regulatory agencies have used six animals in eye irritation tests. Analyses of eye irritation tests on pesticides (n = 48), consumer products and cosmetics (n = 53), Marzulli and Ruggles database (n = 139), and cleaning products and ingredients (n = 30) have greatly extended previous investigations of the merit of reducing animal sample size in the eye test. Given the existing scoring system for positive animal responses (corneal opacity greater-than-or-equal-to 1, iritis greater-than-or-equal-to 1, conjunctival redness greater-than-or-equal-to 2 and conjunctival chemosis greater-than-or-equal-to 2), the accuracy of the classification systems currently used by these agencies was determined. The US Consumer Product Safety Commission, US Food and Drug Administration, and US Occupational Safety and Health Administration use a classification system by which a substance is designated as an irritant when at least four of six animals give a positive response. This decision rule leads to a very high accuracy of at least 99% with essentially no false positive and false negative judgments. In contrast, the system used by the US Environmental Protection Agency pesticide program, in which only one or more of six treated animals result in an irritant decision, has an accuracy of only 50-80% with very high false positive rates. Analyses indicated that test sample size could be reduced to three and still preserve very good accuracy, whereas two-animal and one-animal tests did not give satisfactory responses. A two-stage test, in which two animals are tested and evaluated in the first stage before the need for testing one more animal in the second stage is determined, also demonstrated good operating characteristics. Both the one-stage/three-animal test and the two-stage test deserve consideration. C1 US CONSUMER PROD SAFETY COMMISS,BETHESDA,MD 20207. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP SPRINGER, JA (reprint author), US FDA,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 105 EP 109 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(93)90122-F PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA KR863 UT WOS:A1993KR86300006 PM 8449454 ER PT J AU CHAMBERS, WA GREEN, S GUPTA, KC HILL, RN HUNTLEY, K HURLEY, PM LAMBERT, LA LEE, CC LEE, JK LIU, PT LOWTHER, DK ROBERTS, CD SEABAUGH, VM SPRINGER, JA WILCOX, NL AF CHAMBERS, WA GREEN, S GUPTA, KC HILL, RN HUNTLEY, K HURLEY, PM LAMBERT, LA LEE, CC LEE, JK LIU, PT LOWTHER, DK ROBERTS, CD SEABAUGH, VM SPRINGER, JA WILCOX, NL TI SCORING FOR EYE IRRITATION TESTS SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Scoring of the rabbit eye test and the resulting evaluation and classification should provide useful information about the likelihood that a test material may cause injury on contact with the human eye. When an animal test is necessary, a rabbit eye test based on the following characteristics is proposed for deriving the maximum information from the fewest animals. The ocular effects of interest should include corneal opacity, iritis and conjunctival redness. Animals should be scored for each ocular effect at 24, 48 and 72 hr after the test substance is administered. If an animal is negative at all three scoring times, it can be removed from the test at 72 hr. If it shows a positive effect at a scoring time but the lesion clears at 72 hr, it can be removed at 72 hr. If it shows a positive effect that does not clear at 72 hr, it should be scored again on day 7 when the test ends. However, if an animal shows severe effects at one or more scoring times, it can be removed from the test at 72 hr. An animal is positive if any one of the following criteria is observed at 24, 48 or 72 hr: corneal opacity of 1 or above, iritis of 1 or above, or conjunctival redness of 2 or above. Severe ocular effects (noted at 24, 48 or 72 hr) that may endanger sight deserve special recognition for the classification of chemicals and include corneal opacity of 3 or above, or iritis of 2. This proposal is consistent with the opinions of the majority of respondents who attended the Workshop on Updating Eye Irritation Test Methods, Proposals for Regulatory Consensus. The most notable exception was the suggestion by respondents to add conjunctival chemosis as one of the scoring parameters. C1 US CONSUMER PROD SAFETY COMMISS,BETHESDA,MD 20207. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP CHAMBERS, WA (reprint author), US FDA,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(93)90123-G PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA KR863 UT WOS:A1993KR86300007 PM 8449455 ER PT J AU GUPTA, KC CHAMBERS, WA GREEN, S HILL, RN HURLEY, PM LAMBERT, LA LIU, PT LOWTHER, DK SEABAUGH, VM SPRINGER, JA WILCOX, NL AF GUPTA, KC CHAMBERS, WA GREEN, S HILL, RN HURLEY, PM LAMBERT, LA LIU, PT LOWTHER, DK SEABAUGH, VM SPRINGER, JA WILCOX, NL TI AN EYE IRRITATION TEST PROTOCOL AND AN EVALUATION AND CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB An in vivo test protocol and an evaluation and classification system for the determination of eye irritation potential of chemicals and mixtures (substances) is proposed. The protocol uses two or three rabbits and reduces distress in test animals. The test substances are classified as non-irritant, irritant or severe irritant to meet regulatory needs. They may be classified on the basis of past experience with similar compounds or mixtures. Screens such as structure-activity relationships, pH extremes, validated and accepted in vitro tests, severe dermal irritation (primary dermal irritation index greater-than-or-equal-to 5) or severe dermal toxicity (lethality at < 200 mg/kg body weight) should be used to classify irritant or severe irritant materials when one or more of the screens can provide convincing evidence. For suspected severe irritant materials, the proposed in vivo test permits the use of one rabbit and instillation of 0.01 ml (0.01 g) of the test material into the cornea. Materials that are not classified irritant or severe irritant by screens or severe irritant by one rabbit test are tested in two or three rabbits; 0.1 ml (0.1 g) is instilled into the conjunctival sac. The responses (corneal opacity, iritis and conjunctival redness) are scored according to the modified Draize scoring system at 24, 48 and 72 hr and 7 days post-instillation. A rabbit is considered positive when corneal opacity of 1 or above, iritis of 1 or above or conjunctival redness of 2 or above is present at 24, 48 or 72 hr post-instillation. The material is classified as a severe irritant when the rabbit in the one-animal test or two or more rabbits in the standard test have responses of corneal opacity of 3 or above and iritis of 2 at 24, 48 or 72 hr, or positive responses on day 7 after instillation. The material is classified as an eye irritant when two or more rabbits are positive but the responses are not severe and they clear 7 days after instillation. The material is classified as a non-irritant when no more than one rabbit is positive. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of US Federal agencies. C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP GUPTA, KC (reprint author), US CONSUMER PROD SAFETY COMMISS,5401 WESTBARD AVE,BETHESDA,MD 20207, USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(93)90124-H PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA KR863 UT WOS:A1993KR86300008 PM 8449456 ER PT J AU LLORENS, J CROFTON, KM TILSON, HA ALI, SF MUNDY, WR AF LLORENS, J CROFTON, KM TILSON, HA ALI, SF MUNDY, WR TI CHARACTERIZATION OF DISULFOTON-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROCHEMICAL EFFECTS FOLLOWING REPEATED EXPOSURE SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; RAT-BRAIN; TOLERANCE; BINDING; DIISOPROPYLFLUOROPHOSPHATE; MICE C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV REPROD & DEV TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. RI Llorens, Jordi/A-6959-2008; Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Llorens, Jordi/0000-0002-3894-9401; Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 20 IS 2 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1006/faat.1993.1022 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KM857 UT WOS:A1993KM85700005 PM 8449387 ER PT J AU GRAY, LE OSTBY, JS AF GRAY, LE OSTBY, JS TI THE EFFECTS OF PRENATAL ADMINISTRATION OF AZO DYES ON TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT IN THE MOUSE - A STRUCTURE ACTIVITY PROFILE OF DYES DERIVED FROM BENZIDINE, DIMETHYLBENZIDINE, OR DIMETHOXYBENZIDINE SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GERM-CELLS; METABOLISM; REDUCTION; GROWTH; URINE; RATS RP GRAY, LE (reprint author), US EPA,DTD,RTB,MD-72,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 20 IS 2 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1006/faat.1993.1024 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KM857 UT WOS:A1993KM85700007 PM 8449389 ER PT J AU MCKIM, JM MCKIM, JM NAUMANN, S HAMMERMEISTER, DE HOFFMAN, AD KLAASSEN, CD AF MCKIM, JM MCKIM, JM NAUMANN, S HAMMERMEISTER, DE HOFFMAN, AD KLAASSEN, CD TI INVIVO MICRODIALYSIS SAMPLING OF PHENOL AND PHENYL GLUCURONIDE IN THE BLOOD OF UNANESTHETIZED RAINBOW-TROUT - IMPLICATIONS FOR TOXICOKINETIC STUDIES SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISH; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BRAIN MICRODIALYSIS; SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS; AMINO-ACIDS; RAT-BRAIN; METABOLISM; RELEASE; TOXICITY C1 UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & OCCUPAT MED,DEPT PHARMACOL TOXICOL & THERAPEUT,KANSAS CITY,KS 66103. ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-07079, ES-03192] NR 57 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 20 IS 2 BP 190 EP 198 DI 10.1006/faat.1993.1026 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KM857 UT WOS:A1993KM85700009 PM 8449391 ER PT J AU LIU, Y LOPEZAVILA, V ALCARAZ, M BECKERT, WF AF LIU, Y LOPEZAVILA, V ALCARAZ, M BECKERT, WF TI DETERMINATION OF ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION AND GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH ATOMIC EMISSION DETECTION SO HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE CAPILLARY GC; ATOMIC EMISSION DETECTOR; SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION; ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS; COMPLEXATION; GRIGNARD DERIVATIZATION ID DIRECTLY COUPLED CHROMATOGRAPHY; INORGANIC TIN; SPECTROSCOPY; WATER AB The extraction of six tetraalkyltin and seven ionic organotin compounds from spiked topsoil samples with supercritical carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide modified with 5 percent methanol was investigated. Analysis of the soil extracts was performed by gas chromatography with atomic emission detection. Retention times, minimum detectable concentrations, and detector linear ranges are included for nine organotin compounds (seven of the nine compounds were derivatized with n-pentylmagnesium bromide prior to gas chromatographic analysis). A 2(3) factorial experimental design was used to study the effect of three variables (pressure, temperature, and extraction time) on compound recovery.The results indicate that the tetraalkyltin compounds are extracted from topsoil samples with recoveries ranging from 90 to 110 percent. Recoveries for the ionic organotin compounds ranged from 50 to 75 percent for trimethyltin chloride, triethyltin bromide, and tributyltin iodide; they were below 20 percent for dimethyltin dichloride, dibutyltin dichloride, diphenyltin dichloride, and butyltin trichloride. When sodium diethyldithiocarbamate was added to the soil samples prior to extraction, followed by extraction with carbon dioxide modified with 5 percent methanol, recoveries ranged from 70 to 90 percent for trimethyltin chloride, triethyltin bromide, dimethyltin dichloride, tributyltin iodide, and dibutyltin dichloride; recoveries were approximately 40 percent for butyltin trichloride and diphenyltin dichloride. C1 US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. RP LIU, Y (reprint author), MIDWEST RES INST,CALIF OPERAT,625 B CLYDE AVE,MT VIEW,CA 94043, USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU DR ALFRED HUTHIG VERLAG GMBH PI HEIDELBERG 1 PA POSTFACH 102869, W-69018 HEIDELBERG 1, GERMANY SN 0935-6304 J9 HRC-J HIGH RES CHROM JI HRC-J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 106 EP 112 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KW379 UT WOS:A1993KW37900007 ER PT J AU RICE, EW ALLEN, MJ COVERT, TC LANGEWIS, J STANDRIDGE, J AF RICE, EW ALLEN, MJ COVERT, TC LANGEWIS, J STANDRIDGE, J TI IDENTIFYING ESCHERICHIA SPECIES WITH BIOCHEMICAL TEST KITS AND STANDARD BACTERIOLOGICAL TESTS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE FILTRATION; WATER; COLIFORMS; COLI AB Two commercially available biochemical test systems were evaluated for their ability to accurately identify species of the genus Escherichia. Three laboratories participated in the study. The test kits did not always correctly identify species of Escherichia, but only once was an isolate misidentified as Escherichia coli. These results and the reactions of the isolates on media normally used for drinking water analysis are discussed. C1 AWWA RES FDN,DENVER,CO 80235. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING & SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. E BAY MUNICIPAL UTIL DIST,E BAY,CA 94623. RP RICE, EW (reprint author), US EPA,DRINKING WATER RES DIV,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 2 BP 74 EP 76 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA KM444 UT WOS:A1993KM44400013 ER PT J AU LYTLE, DA SCHOCK, MR DUES, NR DOERGER, JU AF LYTLE, DA SCHOCK, MR DUES, NR DOERGER, JU TI DETERMINING BERYLLIUM IN DRINKING-WATER BY GRAPHITE-FURNACE ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID STABILIZED TEMPERATURE PLATFORM; TRACE-METALS; SPECTROMETRY; ELEMENTS AB A direct graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy method for the analysis of beryllium in drinking water has been derived from a method for determining beryllium in urine. Ammonium phosphomolybdate and ascorbic acid were employed as matrix modifers. The matrix modifiers successfully eliminated common chemical interferences in water samples analyzed for beryllium content, as well as interferences encountered during jar testing of beryllium removal by alum coagulation. The method proved to be a simple, accurate, and precise alternative to the method of standard additions. Method detection limit was 0.03 mug/L, with a linear calibration range of 0-6 mug/L. RP LYTLE, DA (reprint author), US EPA,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 2 BP 77 EP 83 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA KM444 UT WOS:A1993KM44400014 ER PT J AU POWELL, RM PULS, RW AF POWELL, RM PULS, RW TI PASSIVE SAMPLING OF GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELLS WITHOUT PURGING - MULTILEVEL WELL CHEMISTRY AND TRACER DISAPPEARANCE SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD AB It is essential that the sampling techniques utilized in groundwater monitoring provide data that accurately depicts the water quality of the sampled aquifer in the vicinity of the well. Due to the large amount of monitoring activity currently underway in the U.S.A. it is also important that the techniques be efficient. It would be desirable to minimize the requirements of sampling time, equipment and quantity of contaminated waters pumped to the surface, without loss of data integrity. If representative samples could be acquired without purging the wells, increased sampling efficiency could potentially be achieved. Purging of multiple borehole volumes is largely routine, based on studies that show changes in the water chemistry as it stands in the casing and is subjected to atmospheric exposure at the top of the column. However, little data are available depicting water chemistry in the screened intervals of wells at equilibrium flow conditions, i.e. with little or no disturbance to the natural flow regime or disruption of the overlying casing waters. This study examines the differences in water chemistry between the casing and screened interval volumes of four wells at a field site, then compares the results to purged values for the same wells. Tracer experiments, utilizing both colloidal particles and dissolved species as tracers, are presented to illustrate differences in natural flushing between the screened and cased intervals. The data from the tracer removal were then utilized to estimate groundwater flow velocities in the vicinities of the boreholes. The results indicate that dedicated low-flow rate samplers set in the screened intervals are appropriate for the 6. 1 - and 7.6-m wells at this site and could be used without purging of the casing volume. The possibility exists that such passive sampling techniques would be useful at many of the sites currently undergoing routine monitoring. C1 US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. RP POWELL, RM (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 77 DI 10.1016/0169-7722(93)90015-K PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA KQ314 UT WOS:A1993KQ31400003 ER PT J AU MCCUTCHEON, SC AF MCCUTCHEON, SC TI GREAT-LAKES RIVER-ESTUARY HYDRODYNAMICS FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP MCCUTCHEON, SC (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIR RES LAB,960 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD FEB PY 1993 VL 119 IS 2 BP 292 EP 293 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1993)119:2(292) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA KL468 UT WOS:A1993KL46800010 ER PT J AU JAYANTY, RKM GAY, BW AF JAYANTY, RKM GAY, BW TI SUMMARY OF THE 1992 EPA/A-AND-WMA INTERNATIONAL-SYMPOSIUM - MEASUREMENT OF TOXIC AND RELATED AIR-POLLUTANTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material AB A joint conference cosponsored for the seventh year by the Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory (AREAL) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Air & Waste Management Association (A&WMA) was held in Durham, North Carolina, May 4-8, 1992. The technical program consisted of 200 presentations held in 23 technical sessions and covered recent advances in ambient and source measurement techniques for air pollutants. The symposium was attended by almost a thousand professionals from the United States and other countries, covered a wide range of measurement topics, and was supported by 90 exhibitors of instrumentation and consulting services. This overview highlights the technical presentations of the symposium. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP JAYANTY, RKM (reprint author), RES TRIANGLE INST,DEPT ENVIRONM METHODS & STAND,POB 12194,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 191 EP 196 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KM952 UT WOS:A1993KM95200004 ER PT J AU DELLINGER, B TAYLOR, PH LEE, CC AF DELLINGER, B TAYLOR, PH LEE, CC TI FULL-SCALE EVALUATION OF THE THERMAL STABILITY-BASED HAZARDOUS ORGANIC WASTE INCINERABILITY RANKING SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The results of a full-scale evaluation of the thermal stability-based hazardous organic waste incinerability ranking are presented. Tests were conducted for a surrogate mixture consisting of sulfur hexafluoride, chlorobenzene, toluene, tetrachloroethene, methylene chloride, 2-chloropropene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane under nominal incinerator operating conditions. Based on median surrogate DREs, the results-indicated that the pyrolytic ranking was statistically significant at the 90 percent confidence level while the oxidative ranking was statistically significant at the 97.5 percent confidence level. The heat of combustion ranking failed to give a statistically significant correlation at the 90 percent confidence level. The statistical success of the thermal stability rankings and statistical failure of the heat of combustion ranking suggest that chemical reaction kinetics controlled the relative emission rates of the surrogate compounds during these tests. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LABS,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP DELLINGER, B (reprint author), UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN GRP,300 COLL PK,DAYTON,OH 45469, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 203 EP 207 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KM952 UT WOS:A1993KM95200006 ER PT J AU KLEINDIENST, TE HUDGENS, EE SMITH, DF MCELROY, FF BUFALINI, JJ AF KLEINDIENST, TE HUDGENS, EE SMITH, DF MCELROY, FF BUFALINI, JJ TI COMPARISON OF CHEMILUMINESCENCE AND ULTRAVIOLET OZONE MONITOR RESPONSES IN THE PRESENCE OF HUMIDITY AND PHOTOCHEMICAL POLLUTANTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The effect of water vapor and other pollutants on ozone monitoring instruments was investigated. Five UV-type and two chemiluminescence-type monitors were employed in this study. The results of the study indicate that in systems containing ozone, water vapor and zero air only, the UV-based monitors showed negligible effects due to humidity. On average, the UV monitors were within 0.5 percent of independently determined ozone values judged to be extremely accurate. The chemiluminescence-based monitors showed systematically higher readings than the UV monitors with added water vapor. The effect was found to be linear with water vapor concentration with an average positive deviation of 3.0 percent per percent H2O at 25-degrees-C. For these measurement, ozone concentrations ranged from 85 to 320 ppbv and water concentrations from 1 to 3 percent (i.e., dew point temperatures from 9 to 24-degrees-C). These results are largely in agreement with previous studies conducted to measure this interference, although the present study extends the range of water concentrations tested. Studies were also performed with a smog chamber with simulated polluted air (containing paraffinic, olefinic and aromatic hydrocarbon precursors) and varying relative humidities. Although the presence of water vapor did not appear to represent a substantial interference in these systems, a positive interference was observed with the UV monitors. This interference was likely a result of the presence of toluene and some of its aromatic photooxidation products (e.g., benzaldehyde), which can be partially removed from the reference stream by the ozone scrubber within the UV monitor. If the compound absorbs radiation at 254 nm, it is detected as ozone. However, when the results are scaled back to ambient concentrations of toluene and NO(x), the effect appears to be very minor (ca. 3 percent under the study conditions). It is concluded that under atmospheric conditions at moderate pollution and relative humidity levels, both types of instruments can give accurate measurements of the ozone concentration. These potential effects should be recognized when conducting ambient ozone measurements. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP KLEINDIENST, TE (reprint author), MANAGEMENT TECHNOL ENVIRONM SCI,ATMOSPHER CHEM GRP,POB 12313,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27713, USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 213 EP 222 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KM952 UT WOS:A1993KM95200008 ER PT J AU NUNEZ, CM RAMSEY, GH PONDER, WH ABBOTT, JH HAMEL, LE KARIHER, PH AF NUNEZ, CM RAMSEY, GH PONDER, WH ABBOTT, JH HAMEL, LE KARIHER, PH TI CORONA DESTRUCTION - AN INNOVATIVE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY FOR VOCS AND AIR TOXICS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB This paper discusses the work and results to date leading to the demonstration of the corona destruction process at pilot scale. The research effort in corona destruction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and air toxics has shown significant promise for providing a valuable contribution to critical U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and national goals of reducing the health effects associated with exposures to hazardous air pollutants. The corona destruction technology could be especially useful in future years in helping industry meet the residual risk requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Since 1988, EPA has conducted research in the area of corona destruction of VOCs and air toxics. EPA's interest in corona destruction of molecular species started with modeling of a point-plane reactor for destroying toxic organic compounds. EPA's goal is to develop a technology capable of controlling low concentration streams at low capital and operating costs. The purpose of this work is to develop an industrial scale corona reactor capable of efficiently and cost-effectively destroying VOCs and air toxics at ambient temperature and pressure. Results show that corona destruction is a promising control technology for many VOC-contaminated air streams, especially at low concentrations. Cost comparisons are presented for corona destruction and conventional control devices, carbon adsorption, catalytic incineration and thermal incineration. C1 ACUREX CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP NUNEZ, CM (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 9 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 4 U2 10 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 242 EP 247 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KM952 UT WOS:A1993KM95200011 ER PT J AU GOLDBERG, AM FRAZIER, JM BRUSICK, D DICKENS, MS FLINT, O GETTINGS, SD HILL, RN LIPNICK, RL RENSKERS, KJ BRADLAW, JA SCALA, RA VERONESI, B GREEN, S WILCOX, NL CURREN, RD AF GOLDBERG, AM FRAZIER, JM BRUSICK, D DICKENS, MS FLINT, O GETTINGS, SD HILL, RN LIPNICK, RL RENSKERS, KJ BRADLAW, JA SCALA, RA VERONESI, B GREEN, S WILCOX, NL CURREN, RD TI FRAMEWORK FOR VALIDATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INVITRO TOXICITY TESTS - REPORT OF THE VALIDATION AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER COMMITTEE OF THE JOHNS-HOPKINS-CENTER FOR ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL TESTING SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EYE IRRITATION TEST; REGULATORY ACCEPTANCE; TOXICOLOGY; PROJECT AB In toxicology the development and application of in vitro alternatives to reduce or replace animal testing, or to lessen the distress and discomfort of laboratory animals, is a rapidly developing trend. However, at present there is no formal administrative process to organize, coordinate, or evaluate these activities. A framework capable of fostering the validation of new methods is essential for the effective transfer of new technology from the research laboratory to practical use. This committee has identified four essential validation resources: chemical bank(s), cell and tissue banks, a data bank, and reference laboratories. We recommend the creation of a Scientific Advisory Board of experts in toxicity testing, representing the academic, industrial and regulatory communities. Test validation acceptance is contingent upon broad buy-in by disparate groups in the scientific community: academia, industry and government. We believe that this can be achieved by early and frequent communication among the parties and agreement upon common goals. The committee hopes that the creation of a validation infrastructure built with the elements described in this report will facilitate scientific acceptance and utilization of alternative methodologies and speed implementation of reduction, refinement and replacement alternatives in toxicity testing. C1 HAZELTON LABS AMER INC,VIENNA,VA 22180. AVON PROD INC,SUFFERN,NY. BRISTOL MYERS CO LABS,SYRACUSE,NY 13221. COSMET TOILETRY & FRAGRANCE ASSOC INC,WASHINGTON,DC. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. EXXON BIOMED SCI INC,E MILLSTONE,NJ. MICROBIOL ASSOCIATES INC,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP GOLDBERG, AM (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0730-0913 J9 J AM COLL TOXICOL JI J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA KU512 UT WOS:A1993KU51200004 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ AF GORDON, CJ TI 24 HOUR RHYTHMS OF SELECTED AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE IN RAT AND HAMSTER SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE THERMOREGULATION; CIRCADIAN; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; MOTOR ACTIVITY; GENETIC STRAIN ID BODY-TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS AB The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of time of day on the behavioral thermoregulatory patterns of nocturnal rodents, the Long-Evans (LE) rat, Fischer 344 (F344) rat, and the golden hamster. Individual animals were placed in a temperature gradient for 4 days while selected ambient temperature (ST(a)) and motor activity (MA) were monitored. Food was provided at the cold and warm ends of the gradient and water was provided ad lib. All animals eventually showed a 24-h rhythm of ST(a) and MA characterized by a preference for cooler T(a)s during the dark period which coincided with an increase in MA. Both rat strains had ST(a)s of approximately 28-degrees-C during the light period that decreased to 22-24-degrees-C during the dark period. The F344 rat developed a ST(a) rhythm by the second day in the gradient, whereas the LE strain required 4 days. The hamster exhibited relatively warm ST(a)s of 32-33-degrees-C during the light period that decreased to 26-28-degrees-C during the dark period. The nocturnal preference for cooler ST(a)s contradicts a current concept of an elevation in set point of the thermoregulatory system. However, the data also suggest that behavioral and autonomic thermoregulatory effectors may operate independently in the control of night time elevations in body temperature. RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 24 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 53 IS 2 BP 257 EP 263 DI 10.1016/0031-9384(93)90202-Q PG 7 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA KK818 UT WOS:A1993KK81800007 PM 8446688 ER PT J AU FUNKE, O AF FUNKE, O TI TOXIC POLITICS - RESPONDING TO CHEMICAL DISASTERS - REICH,MR SO POLITICS AND THE LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Book Review C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEECH TREE PUBLISHING PI GUILDFORD PA 10 WATFORD CLOSE, GUILDFORD, SURREY, ENGLAND GU1 2EP SN 0730-9384 J9 POLIT LIFE SCI JI Polit. Life Sci. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 1 BP 119 EP 121 PG 3 WC Biology; History & Philosophy Of Science; Social Issues SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; History & Philosophy of Science; Social Issues GA KW303 UT WOS:A1993KW30300022 ER PT J AU QUEST, JA FENNERCRISP, PA BURNAM, W COPLEY, M DEARFIELD, KL HAMERNIK, KL SAUNDERS, DS WHITING, RJ ENGLER, R AF QUEST, JA FENNERCRISP, PA BURNAM, W COPLEY, M DEARFIELD, KL HAMERNIK, KL SAUNDERS, DS WHITING, RJ ENGLER, R TI EVALUATION OF THE CARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL OF PESTICIDES .4. CHLORALKYLTHIODICARBOXIMIDE COMPOUNDS WITH FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAPTAFOL RP QUEST, JA (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,DIV HLTH EFFECTS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 19 EP 34 DI 10.1006/rtph.1993.1003 PG 16 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA KN879 UT WOS:A1993KN87900003 PM 8441825 ER PT J AU PEPELKO, WE CHEN, C AF PEPELKO, WE CHEN, C TI QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF CANCER RISK FROM EXPOSURE TO DIESEL-ENGINE EMISSIONS SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXHAUST EXPOSURE; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RAILROAD WORKERS; LUNG-CANCER; RATS; INHALATION; CLEARANCE; PARTICLES; RETENTION RP PEPELKO, WE (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,RD 689,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 52 EP 65 DI 10.1006/rtph.1993.1006 PG 14 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA KN879 UT WOS:A1993KN87900006 PM 7680138 ER PT J AU ANDERSEN, ME MILLS, JJ GARGAS, ML KEDDERIS, L BIRNBAUM, LS NEUBERT, D GREENLEE, WF AF ANDERSEN, ME MILLS, JJ GARGAS, ML KEDDERIS, L BIRNBAUM, LS NEUBERT, D GREENLEE, WF TI MODELING RECEPTOR-MEDIATED PROCESSES WITH DIOXIN - IMPLICATIONS FOR PHARMACOKINETICS AND RISK ASSESSMENT SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE PB-PK MODELING; DIOXIN; GENE REGULATION; CYTOCHROME-P450; RISK ASSESSMENT; PHARMACOKINETICS; PHARMACODYNAMICS ID GOLDEN SYRIAN-HAMSTER; AH-RECEPTOR; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; BINDING-PROPERTIES; RAT; EXCRETION; HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; INDUCTION AB Dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; TCDD), a widespread polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon, caused tumors in the liver and other sites when administered chronically to rats at doses as low as 0.01 mug/kg/day. It functions in combination with a cellular protein, the Ah receptor, to alter gene regulation, and this resulting modulation of gene expression is believed to be obligatory for both dioxin toxicity and carcinogenicity. The U.S. EPA is reevaluating its dioxin risk assessment and, as part of this process, will be developing risk assessment approaches for chemicals, such as dioxin, whose toxicity is receptor-mediated. This paper describes a receptor-mediated physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) model for the tissue distribution and enzyme-inducing properties of dioxin and discusses the potential role of these models in a biologically motivated risk assessment. In this model, ternary interactions among the Ah receptor, dioxin, and DNA binding sites lead to enhanced production of specific hepatic proteins. The model was used to examine the tissue disposition of dioxin and the induction of both a dioxin-binding protein (presumably, cytochrome P4501A2), and cytochrome P4501A1. Tumor promotion correlated more closely with predicted induction of P4501A1 than with induction of hepatic binding proteins. Although increased induction of these proteins is not expected to be causally related to tumor formation, these physiological dosimetry and gene-induction response models will be important for biologically motivated dioxin risk assessments in determining both target tissue dose of dioxin and gene products and in examining the relationship between these gene products and the cellular events more directly involved in tumor promotion. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. FREE UNIV BERLIN,INST TOXICOL & EMBRYOPHARMACOL,W-1000 BERLIN 33,GERMANY. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. PURDUE UNIV,SCH PHARM & PHARMACAL SCI,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP ANDERSEN, ME (reprint author), CHEM IND INST TOXICOL,POB 12137,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811 NR 45 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb00726.x PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA KK821 UT WOS:A1993KK82100009 PM 8383868 ER PT J AU BRADBURY, SP DADY, JM FITZSIMMONS, PN VOIT, MM HAMMERMEISTER, DE ERICKSON, RJ AF BRADBURY, SP DADY, JM FITZSIMMONS, PN VOIT, MM HAMMERMEISTER, DE ERICKSON, RJ TI TOXICOKINETICS AND METABOLISM OF ANILINE AND 4-CHLOROANILINE IN MEDAKA (ORYZIAS-LATIPES) SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; ZEBRAFISH BRACHYDANIO-RERIO; ENVIRONMENTAL XENOBIOTICS; PARA-CHLOROANILINE; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; N-OXIDATION; FISH; LIVER; BIOTRANSFORMATION C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,LAKE SUPERIOR RES INST,SUPERIOR,WI 54880. ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP BRADBURY, SP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 118 IS 2 BP 205 EP 214 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1026 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA KQ445 UT WOS:A1993KQ44500007 PM 8441999 ER PT J AU MCKINNON, KP MADDEN, MC NOAH, TL DEVLIN, RB AF MCKINNON, KP MADDEN, MC NOAH, TL DEVLIN, RB TI INVITRO OZONE EXPOSURE INCREASES RELEASE OF ARACHIDONIC-ACID PRODUCTS FROM A HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELL LINE SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAT ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; METABOLISM; INFLAMMATION; GENERATION; REACTIVITY; MEDIATORS; TRACHEA; VIRUS; GENES C1 TRC ENVIRONM CORP,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PEDIAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP MCKINNON, KP (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,MED RES BLDG B,CB 7310,MASON FARM RD,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04951] NR 45 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 118 IS 2 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1027 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA KQ445 UT WOS:A1993KQ44500008 PM 8442000 ER PT J AU DURHAN, E LUKASEWYCZ, M BAKER, S AF DURHAN, E LUKASEWYCZ, M BAKER, S TI ALTERNATIVES TO METHANOL WATER ELUTION OF SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION COLUMNS FOR THE FRACTIONATION OF HIGH LOG KOW ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLINICAL CHEMISTRY / 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC ID TOXICITY IDENTIFICATION; POLLUTANTS; TOXICANTS; EFFLUENTS; AMMONIA; RESINS; RIVER AB A toxicity-directed method for fractionating non-polar organic toxicants using solid-phase extraction (SPE) is described in phase II of EPA's ''Methods for aquatic toxicity identification evaluations''. This method has been used very successfully to extract and fractionate acutely and chronically toxic complex effluents and ambient waters. However, when fractionating samples that contain very hydrophobic (high log K(ow)) toxicants the methanol-water elution sequence requires modification for optimum results. An elution modification has been made to the phase Il SPE fractionation method for use with aqueous samples which contain such compounds (e.g. sediment pore water). The modified elution and fractionation method has been found to be effective for the separation and isolation of a mixture of compounds with log K(ow) values ranging from 2.5 to 7 from aqueous solution and for toxicants from a sediment pore water sample. C1 ASCI CORP,DULUTH,MN 55805. RP DURHAN, E (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB DULUTH,6201,CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JAN 15 PY 1993 VL 629 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80355-C PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KJ168 UT WOS:A1993KJ16800009 ER PT B AU WARD, J AF WARD, J GP UNIV ILLINOIS URBANA CHAMPAIGN, COLL AGR TI THE NATIONAL PESTICIDES AND GROUNDWATER STRATEGY - USEPAS EXPECTATIONS OF STATES SO 1993 ILLINOIS AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES CONFERENCE: SUMMARIES OF PRESENTATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Illinois Agricultural Pesticides Conference CY JAN 06-07, 1993 CL URBANA, IL SP UNIV ILLINOIS URBANA CHAMPAIGN, COLL AGR C1 US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,PESTICIDES SECT,REG 5,CHICAGO,IL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ILLINOIS URBANA CHAMPAIGNCOLL AGRICULTURE PI URBANA PA URBANA, IL 61801 PY 1993 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BA38F UT WOS:A1993BA38F00005 ER PT B AU ANTLEY, B AF ANTLEY, B BE Wacks, ME TI THE BOILER AND INDUSTRIAL FURNACE REGULATION - IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES AND NONCOMPLIANCE TRENDS SO 1993 INCINERATION CONFERENCE: PROCEEDINGS: THERMAL TREATMENT OF RADIOACTIVE, HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL, MIXED, ENERGETIC, CHEMICAL WEAPON, AND MEDICAL WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Incineration Conference: Thermal Treatment of Radioactive, Hazardous Chemical, Mixed, Energetic, Chemical Weapon, and Medical Wastes CY MAY 03-07, 1993 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP UNIV CALIF IRVINE, AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS, AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC, AMER NUCL SOC, AMER SOC MECH ENGINEERS, COALIT RESPONSIBLE WASTE INCINERAT, HLTH PHYS SOC, US DOE, US EPA C1 US EPA,ATLANTA,GA 30365. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU 1993 INCINERATION CONFERENCE PI IRVINE PA C/O CHARLOTTE BAKER, UNIV CALIFORNIA IRVINE, IRVINE, CA 92717 PY 1993 BP 77 EP 83 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BA72Z UT WOS:A1993BA72Z00017 ER PT B AU DURKEE, KR EDDINGER, JA AF DURKEE, KR EDDINGER, JA BE Wacks, ME TI STATUS OF EPA REGULATION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATORS - PERFORMANCE AND COSTS OF CONTROL OPTIONS SO 1993 INCINERATION CONFERENCE: PROCEEDINGS: THERMAL TREATMENT OF RADIOACTIVE, HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL, MIXED, ENERGETIC, CHEMICAL WEAPON, AND MEDICAL WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Incineration Conference: Thermal Treatment of Radioactive, Hazardous Chemical, Mixed, Energetic, Chemical Weapon, and Medical Wastes CY MAY 03-07, 1993 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP UNIV CALIF IRVINE, AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS, AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC, AMER NUCL SOC, AMER SOC MECH ENGINEERS, COALIT RESPONSIBLE WASTE INCINERAT, HLTH PHYS SOC, US DOE, US EPA C1 US EPA,DIV EMISS STAND,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU 1993 INCINERATION CONFERENCE PI IRVINE PA C/O CHARLOTTE BAKER, UNIV CALIFORNIA IRVINE, IRVINE, CA 92717 PY 1993 BP 381 EP 388 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BA72Z UT WOS:A1993BA72Z00069 ER PT B AU MUKERJEE, S STEVENS, RK VESCIO, N LUMPKIN, TA FOX, DL SHY, CM KELLOGG, RB AF MUKERJEE, S STEVENS, RK VESCIO, N LUMPKIN, TA FOX, DL SHY, CM KELLOGG, RB BE Wacks, ME TI A METHODOLOGY TO APPORTION AMBIENT AIR MEASUREMENTS TO INVESTIGATE POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON AIR-QUALITY NEAR WASTE INCINERATORS SO 1993 INCINERATION CONFERENCE: PROCEEDINGS: THERMAL TREATMENT OF RADIOACTIVE, HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL, MIXED, ENERGETIC, CHEMICAL WEAPON, AND MEDICAL WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Incineration Conference: Thermal Treatment of Radioactive, Hazardous Chemical, Mixed, Energetic, Chemical Weapon, and Medical Wastes CY MAY 03-07, 1993 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP UNIV CALIF IRVINE, AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS, AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC, AMER NUCL SOC, AMER SOC MECH ENGINEERS, COALIT RESPONSIBLE WASTE INCINERAT, HLTH PHYS SOC, US DOE, US EPA C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU 1993 INCINERATION CONFERENCE PI IRVINE PA C/O CHARLOTTE BAKER, UNIV CALIFORNIA IRVINE, IRVINE, CA 92717 PY 1993 BP 527 EP 532 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BA72Z UT WOS:A1993BA72Z00095 ER PT B AU JOHNSON, LD FUERST, RG FOSTER, AL BURSEY, JT AF JOHNSON, LD FUERST, RG FOSTER, AL BURSEY, JT BE Wacks, ME TI REPLACEMENT OF CHARCOAL SORBENT IN THE VOST SO 1993 INCINERATION CONFERENCE: PROCEEDINGS: THERMAL TREATMENT OF RADIOACTIVE, HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL, MIXED, ENERGETIC, CHEMICAL WEAPON, AND MEDICAL WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Incineration Conference: Thermal Treatment of Radioactive, Hazardous Chemical, Mixed, Energetic, Chemical Weapon, and Medical Wastes CY MAY 03-07, 1993 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP UNIV CALIF IRVINE, AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS, AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC, AMER NUCL SOC, AMER SOC MECH ENGINEERS, COALIT RESPONSIBLE WASTE INCINERAT, HLTH PHYS SOC, US DOE, US EPA C1 US EPA,SOURCE METHODS RES BRANCH,DIV METHODS & DEV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU 1993 INCINERATION CONFERENCE PI IRVINE PA C/O CHARLOTTE BAKER, UNIV CALIFORNIA IRVINE, IRVINE, CA 92717 PY 1993 BP 561 EP 566 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BA72Z UT WOS:A1993BA72Z00101 ER PT B AU JACKSON, MD MERRILL, RG BURSEY, JT AF JACKSON, MD MERRILL, RG BURSEY, JT BE Wacks, ME TI USING METHOD-301 TO VALIDATE SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR SELECTED CAAA COMPOUNDS SO 1993 INCINERATION CONFERENCE: PROCEEDINGS: THERMAL TREATMENT OF RADIOACTIVE, HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL, MIXED, ENERGETIC, CHEMICAL WEAPON, AND MEDICAL WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Incineration Conference: Thermal Treatment of Radioactive, Hazardous Chemical, Mixed, Energetic, Chemical Weapon, and Medical Wastes CY MAY 03-07, 1993 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP UNIV CALIF IRVINE, AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS, AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC, AMER NUCL SOC, AMER SOC MECH ENGINEERS, COALIT RESPONSIBLE WASTE INCINERAT, HLTH PHYS SOC, US DOE, US EPA C1 US EPA,AREAL,SOURCE METHODS RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU 1993 INCINERATION CONFERENCE PI IRVINE PA C/O CHARLOTTE BAKER, UNIV CALIFORNIA IRVINE, IRVINE, CA 92717 PY 1993 BP 581 EP 587 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BA72Z UT WOS:A1993BA72Z00105 ER PT B AU HEINEMAN, BD KRUZIC, AP AF HEINEMAN, BD KRUZIC, AP BE Wacks, ME TI DEVELOPING A UNIVERSAL OPERATING ENVELOPE FOR WORSE CASE ORGANIC AND INORGANIC COMBUSTION CONDITIONS SO 1993 INCINERATION CONFERENCE: PROCEEDINGS: THERMAL TREATMENT OF RADIOACTIVE, HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL, MIXED, ENERGETIC, CHEMICAL WEAPON, AND MEDICAL WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Incineration Conference: Thermal Treatment of Radioactive, Hazardous Chemical, Mixed, Energetic, Chemical Weapon, and Medical Wastes CY MAY 03-07, 1993 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP UNIV CALIF IRVINE, AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS, AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC, AMER NUCL SOC, AMER SOC MECH ENGINEERS, COALIT RESPONSIBLE WASTE INCINERAT, HLTH PHYS SOC, US DOE, US EPA C1 US EPA,DALLAS,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU 1993 INCINERATION CONFERENCE PI IRVINE PA C/O CHARLOTTE BAKER, UNIV CALIFORNIA IRVINE, IRVINE, CA 92717 PY 1993 BP 877 EP 881 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BA72Z UT WOS:A1993BA72Z00156 ER PT J AU WHITMORE, RW KELLY, JE READING, PL BRANDT, E HARRIS, T AF WHITMORE, RW KELLY, JE READING, PL BRANDT, E HARRIS, T TI NATIONAL HOME AND GARDEN PESTICIDE USE SURVEY SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review AB The National Home and Garden Pesticide Use Survey represents an attempt to compile data on the reasons why home pesticides are used, the extent of their use, and the methods used to apply, store, and dispose of them. The survey was conducted under contract to EPA by Research Triangle Institute. Data were collected by trained interviewers that visited each home personally. Data are available on specific pest problems, whether they are considered major or not, and whether the pests are managed in some way with pesticides. Other data are included on storage and disposal, use of child resistant packaging, and use of commercial pest control services. C1 US EPA,DIV BIOL & ECON ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP WHITMORE, RW (reprint author), RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 522 BP 18 EP 36 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KR024 UT WOS:A1993KR02400003 ER PT J AU ADAMCZYK, TE AF ADAMCZYK, TE TI FEDERAL AND STATE ISSUES RELATED TO PESTICIDE USE SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review AB In addressing federal and state issues related to pesticide use,this paper will concentrate on lawns or, more precisely, ornamental turf. Although there are many pesticide applications made in urban environments, both indoor and outdoor, the program of this symposium is weighted towards lawn use. RP ADAMCZYK, TE (reprint author), US EPA,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 522 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KR024 UT WOS:A1993KR02400004 ER PT J AU BLONDELL, JM KNOTT, SM AF BLONDELL, JM KNOTT, SM TI RISK ANALYSIS FOR PHENYLMERCURIC ACETATE IN INDOOR LATEX HOUSE PAINT SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID MERCURY; ACRODYNIA; EXPOSURE AB Respiratory exposure to elemental mercury vapor, resulting from the use of interior latex paint preserved with mercurial biocides, can pose a potential health hazard to humans, especially children. The review of mercury house paint was initiated after a Michigan child developed acrodynia, a rare form of mercury poisoning. Use of paint containing 200 ppm mercury has been shown to lead to air levels of mercury as high as 200 mug/m3 during application of the paint. Evidence for the risk of acrodynia was assessed from: case reports where liquid mercury had been spilled, studies involving mercury used in infant medicines and teething powder; and an incident where a mercury fungicide was used on diapers. Evidence from these studies suggested that infants displaying urinary levels above 50 mug mercury/g creatinine were at risk for acrodynia. RP BLONDELL, JM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,DIV HLTH EFFECTS H7509C,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 522 BP 307 EP 317 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KR024 UT WOS:A1993KR02400026 ER PT J AU TABAK, HH GOVIND, R AF TABAK, HH GOVIND, R TI DEVELOPMENT OF NONLINEAR GROUP CONTRIBUTION METHOD FOR PREDICTION OF BIODEGRADATION KINETICS FROM RESPIROMETRICALLY DERIVED KINETIC DATA SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE; MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DEGRADATION; ESTERS AB The fate of organic chemicals in the environment depends on their susceptibility to biodegradation. Recent studies have attempted to correlate the kinetics of biodegradation with the compound's molecular structure. This has led to the development of structure-biodegradation relationships (SBRs) using the group contribution approach. In this paper, a non-linear group contribution method has been developed using neural networks, which is trained using literature data on the first order biodegradation kinetic rate constant for a number of priority pollutants. The trained neural network is then used to predict the biodegradation kinetic constant for a new list of compounds. It has been shown that the nonlinear group contribution method using neural networks is able to provide a superior fit to the training set data and produce a lower prediction error than the previous linear method. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. RP TABAK, HH (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 518 BP 159 EP 190 PG 32 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KR023 UT WOS:A1993KR02300009 ER PT J AU SATHISH, N YOUNG, JC TABAK, HH AF SATHISH, N YOUNG, JC TABAK, HH TI PROTOCOL FOR DETERMINING THE RATE OF BIODEGRADATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS IN ANAEROBIC PROCESSES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID DEGRADATION; BACTERIA; KINETICS; PHENOL; INHIBITION; SUBSTRATE; SYSTEMS; SLUDGE AB A protocol is presented for determining the rate of biodegradation of toxic organic chemicals in anaerobic processes. The protocol involves use of ethanol-enriched cultures that have been acclimated to specific toxic chemicals in a controlled environment and operated at steady-state conditions. These cultures are transferred to serum bottles, dosed with toxicant, and monitored for toxicant degradation using batch techniques. The kinetic model uses the biomass specifically involved in the toxicant degradation reaction to estimate toxicant degradation kinetic parameters. These parameters are then used to estimate the fate of toxic organic chemicals in full-scale anaerobic reactors. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP SATHISH, N (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 518 BP 203 EP 218 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KR023 UT WOS:A1993KR02300011 ER PT J AU LEE, CC HUFFMAN, GL AF LEE, CC HUFFMAN, GL TI METAL BEHAVIOR DURING MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATION SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review AB Toxic metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury are contained in medical waste. Consequently, the incineration of medical waste may result in the emissions of trace metals into the environment, if incinerators are not properly designed and operated. EPA's Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory initiated a study in 1988 to document what is known about medical waste treatment, particularly in the area of medical waste incineration. This paper is to summarize the findings from this study regarding the behavior of metals in incineration processes. Highlights of these findings are as follows: (1) Lead and cadmium are the two most-often-found metals in medical waste; (2) Metals can partition into different phases (gas, liquid or solid) but cannot be destroyed during incineration; (3) There are several potential pathways that metals follow to reach the environment. They exit incinerators with siftings, bottom ash, fly ash, scrubber waste, and flue gas; (4) Data on the capture efficiency of metals by air pollution control equipment used at medical waste incinerators is very limited; and (5) Wet scrubbers generally capture cadmium moderately well but normally perform poorly in removing chromium and lead. Fabric filter systems efficiently capture all metals. RP LEE, CC (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 515 BP 189 EP 198 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KJ587 UT WOS:A1993KJ58700015 ER PT B AU KOREN, HS BECKER, S BROMBERG, PA DEVLIN, RB AF KOREN, HS BECKER, S BROMBERG, PA DEVLIN, RB BE Bates, DV Fabel, H Utell, MJ TI TIME-DEPENDENT AND DOSE-DEPENDENT CELLULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO OZONE EXPOSURE SO ADVANCES IN CONTROLLED CLINICAL INHALATION STUDIES SE ILSI MONOGRAPH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advances in Controlled Clinical Inhalation Studies CY OCT 08-11, 1991 CL HANNOVER, GERMANY SP INT LIFE SCI INST C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB MD-58,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY BN 3-540-54958-7 J9 ILSI MONOGR PY 1993 BP 169 EP 183 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BB75E UT WOS:A1993BB75E00017 ER PT B AU MCKEE, DJ AF MCKEE, DJ BE Bates, DV Fabel, H Utell, MJ TI PERSPECTIVE ON THE REGULATORS NEED FOR FUTURE CLINICAL STUDIES SO ADVANCES IN CONTROLLED CLINICAL INHALATION STUDIES SE ILSI MONOGRAPH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advances in Controlled Clinical Inhalation Studies CY OCT 08-11, 1991 CL HANNOVER, GERMANY SP INT LIFE SCI INST C1 US EPA,OFF AIR QUAL PLANNING & STAND,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY BN 3-540-54958-7 J9 ILSI MONOGR PY 1993 BP 269 EP 282 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BB75E UT WOS:A1993BB75E00024 ER PT J AU PAVLOVA, MT AF PAVLOVA, MT TI SUPERFUND AND ONE COMMUNITY PROGRAM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON THE METHODOLOGY OF WORKER NOTIFICATION CY AUG 01-02, 1991 CL VAIL, CO SP NIOSH DE RISK COMMUNICATION; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISKS; RISK ASSESSMENT; COMMUNITY LEADERS NETWORK; LINKAGES IN COMMUNITY NOTIFICATION; WORKER NOTIFICATION AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Region II conducted a pilot program in risk communication and notification of hazardous waste information at a Superfund site in Toms River, New Jersey. The program was designed to assess the levels of awareness and concern among local citizens and to provide accurate information about health risks associated with potential exposure to environmental contaminants. The purpose of this program was to develop linkages among the community; local, state, and federal governments; industry; health professionals; and educators in dealing with environmental problems. A Community Leaders Network was formed and became actively involved in the program. Following a community needs assessment for risk information, a series of fact sheets was developed, pretested, disseminated, and evaluated. The analysis of the program highlights the important lesson of being able to respond to the specific changing dynamics of the community and offers guidelines useful for risk communication in many communities. RP PAVLOVA, MT (reprint author), US EPA,DIV EMERGENCY & REMEDIAL RESPONSE,REG 2,26 FED PLAZA,NEW YORK,NY 10278, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700230125 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KE654 UT WOS:A1993KE65400024 PM 8422049 ER PT J AU BECKER, S KOREN, HS HENKE, DC AF BECKER, S KOREN, HS HENKE, DC TI INTERLEUKIN-8 EXPRESSION IN NORMAL NASAL EPITHELIUM AND ITS MODULATION BY INFECTION WITH RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS AND CYTOKINES TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR, INTERLEUKIN-1, AND INTERLEUKIN-6 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTACTIC FACTOR; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; CELLS; LEUKOTRIENE-B4; GENERATION; OZONE AB Inflammation in nasal and airway tissue caused by allergens, microbial infection, and air pollution are likely to be regulated by inflammatory mediators produced by airway epithelial cells. We have therefore investigated the baseline expression of a number of cytokine genes known to be important inducers and modulators of inflammation, in freshly isolated human nasal epithelium. Cells were obtained by superficial scraping of turbinate tissue, and cDNA for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was reverse-transcribed directly from lysates of 3 x 10(3) to 5 x 10(3) epithelial cells using random hexamers. Constitutive expression of relatively high levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA but undetectable levels (< 1 mRNA copy/cell) of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating, factor (GM-CSF), IL-6, IL-1, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA were found after PCR amplification of the cDNA. IL-8 protein, but not IL-6, was identified in the nasal epithelial cells by immunocytochemistry. Infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or stimulation of nasal epithelium for 4 h with TNF or IL-1 in vitro resulted in a 4- to 10-fold increase in IL-8 mRNA expression but not in the expression of detectable levels of mRNA for the other cytokines. IL-8 was secreted by RSV-, IL-1-, and TNF-stimulated as well as unstimulated nasal epithelial cells after 6 to 20 h of culture. Neither IL-6, GM-CSF, nor TNF activity/immunoreactivity was detectable in the culture supernatants. Thus, it appears that IL-8 is a major cytokine of human nasal epithelium, constitutively expressed and readily secreted upon virus infection or stimulation with IL-1 and TNF. C1 ALLIANCE TECHNOL CORP,CHAPEL HILL,NC. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP BECKER, S (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,DIV PULM MED,EPA,RES BLDG C,224H,CB 7315,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 39 TC 177 Z9 180 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 8 IS 1 BP 20 EP 27 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA KX406 UT WOS:A1993KX40600005 PM 8417753 ER PT B AU FOX, KR AF FOX, KR GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF WATERBORNE DISEASE OUTBREAK INVESTIGATIONS SO AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 1993 ANNUAL CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS: WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AWWA 1993 Annual Conference CY JUN 06-10, 1993 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-713-0 PY 1993 BP 85 EP 99 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC40G UT WOS:A1993BC40G00005 ER PT B AU FAIR, PS MILTNER, RJ AF FAIR, PS MILTNER, RJ GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI LABORATORY CONSIDERATIONS FOR DBP STUDIES SO AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 1993 ANNUAL CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS: WATER QUALITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AWWA 1993 Annual Conference CY JUN 06-10, 1993 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-714-9 PY 1993 BP 147 EP 162 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC40F UT WOS:A1993BC40F00011 ER PT B AU GRUBBS, TR BERGER, P LIEBERMAN, RJ AF GRUBBS, TR BERGER, P LIEBERMAN, RJ GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI GROUND WATER DISINFECTION - A STATUS UPDATE SO AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 1993 ANNUAL CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS: MANAGEMENT AND REGULATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AWWA 1993 Annual Conference CY JUN 06-10, 1993 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-711-4 PY 1993 BP 343 EP 352 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Studies; Public Administration; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Water Resources GA BC40E UT WOS:A1993BC40E00031 ER PT B AU ROSSMAN, LA AF ROSSMAN, LA GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI EPANET - AN ADVANCED WATER QUALITY MODELING PACKAGE FOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS SO AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 1993 ANNUAL CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS: WATER QUALITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AWWA 1993 Annual Conference CY JUN 06-10, 1993 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-714-9 PY 1993 BP 411 EP 418 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC40F UT WOS:A1993BC40F00026 ER PT B AU CLARK, RM SMALLEY, G GOODRICH, JA TULL, R ROSSMAN, LA VASCONCELOS, JJ BOULOS, PF AF CLARK, RM SMALLEY, G GOODRICH, JA TULL, R ROSSMAN, LA VASCONCELOS, JJ BOULOS, PF GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI MANAGING WATER QUALITY IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS - MINIMIZING CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL RISK SO AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 1993 ANNUAL CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS: WATER QUALITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AWWA 1993 Annual Conference CY JUN 06-10, 1993 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-714-9 PY 1993 BP 419 EP 470 PG 52 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC40F UT WOS:A1993BC40F00027 ER PT B AU SHANAGHAN, PE AF SHANAGHAN, PE GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI HOTLINES AND CLEARINGHOUSES FOR SMALL WATER SYSTEMS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 1993 ANNUAL CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS: MANAGEMENT AND REGULATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AWWA 1993 Annual Conference CY JUN 06-10, 1993 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-711-4 PY 1993 BP 453 EP 454 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Studies; Public Administration; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Water Resources GA BC40E UT WOS:A1993BC40E00042 ER PT B AU FOX, KR AF FOX, KR GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN SLOW SAND FILTRATION SO AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 1993 ANNUAL CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS: ENGINEERING AND OPERATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AWWA 1993 Annual Conference CY JUN 06-10, 1993 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-715-7 PY 1993 BP 579 EP 588 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC40D UT WOS:A1993BC40D00043 ER PT B AU PATTERSON, KS LYKINS, BW AF PATTERSON, KS LYKINS, BW GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI THE ROLE OF MUTAGENICITY IN DETERMINING DRINKING WATER QUALITY SO AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 1993 ANNUAL CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS: WATER QUALITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AWWA 1993 Annual Conference CY JUN 06-10, 1993 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,SYST & FIELD EVALUAT BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-714-9 PY 1993 BP 809 EP 830 PG 22 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC40F UT WOS:A1993BC40F00045 ER PT B AU LYTLE, DA SCHOCK, MR AF LYTLE, DA SCHOCK, MR GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI IMPACT OF PH AND LEAD COMPOSITION AND METAL LEACHED FROM BRASS COUPONS SO AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 1993 ANNUAL CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS: WATER QUALITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AWWA 1993 Annual Conference CY JUN 06-10, 1993 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-714-9 PY 1993 BP 899 EP 943 PG 45 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BC40F UT WOS:A1993BC40F00050 ER PT J AU FOLMAR, LC BONOMELLI, S MOODY, T GIBSON, J AF FOLMAR, LC BONOMELLI, S MOODY, T GIBSON, J TI THE EFFECT OF SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE TO 3 CHEMICALS ON THE BLOOD-CHEMISTRY OF THE PINFISH (LAGODON-RHOMBOIDES) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI RICH; ENGLISH SOLE; RAINBOW-TROUT; NITRITE TOXICITY; SERUM CHEMISTRY; LIVER; KIDNEY AB Injections of 3 ml/kg CCl4 caused significant elevations in the serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD-L). Serum lipids and total protein were significantly lower, while serum glucose was significantly greater. Serum protein electrophoresis showed disassociation of albumin. Seawater species appear more tolerant of nitrite intoxication than freshwater species. Concentrations of fenthion as high as 30% of the 48-h LC50 did not inhibit serum cholinesterase or alter serum chemistry. C1 UNIV W FLORIDA,DEPT BIOL,PENSACOLA,FL 32514. RP FOLMAR, LC (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,SABINE ISL,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 24 IS 1 BP 83 EP 86 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KF371 UT WOS:A1993KF37100012 ER PT B AU BARE, JC AF BARE, JC BE Geshwiler, M TI SIMULATION OF PERFORMANCE OF CHLORINE-FREE FLUORINATED ETHERS AND FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS TO REPLACE CFC-11 AND CFC-114 IN CHILLERS SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 1993, VOL 99, PT 1 SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Winter Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers -Incorporated CY JAN 23-27, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING & AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS INC C1 US EPA,STRATOSPHER OZONE PROTECT BRANCH,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 1993 VL 99 BP 397 EP 407 PN 1 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BA39G UT WOS:A1993BA39G00040 ER PT J AU ALTSHULLER, AP AF ALTSHULLER, AP TI PRODUCTION OF ALDEHYDES AS PRIMARY EMISSIONS AND FROM SECONDARY ATMOSPHERIC REACTIONS OF ALKENES AND ALKANES DURING THE NIGHT AND EARLY MORNING HOURS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE ALDEHYDES; ALKENES; ALKANES; PRIMARY FORMATION; SECONDARY FORMATION; GASOLINE-POWERED VEHICLES; ALTERNATIVE-POWERED VEHICLES ID PHASE TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; OXIDANT MECHANISMS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UNITED-STATES; ALPHA-PINENE; BETA-PINENE; RURAL-AREAS; OZONE; AIR AB The production of C1-C4 saturated aldehydes has been calculated within the stable boundary layer between 2100 and 0900 h from the reactions of alkenes and alkanes with O3, NO3 and OH radicals. These results are compared with those available on the primary emissions of aldehydes from vehicular exhausts. For current gasoline-fueled vehicles, the secondary atmospheric production of aldehydes from the hydrocarbons emitted will usually predominate over direct emissions of aldehydes during the 2100-0900 h period. Therefore, in making assumptions about initial morning atmospheric loadings of aldehydes for purposes of model predictions as to O3 and other products, use of only an aldehyde emission inventory is inadequate. If the future population of vehicles should include a large fraction of vehicles powered with methanol and natural gas, primary aldehyde emissions, especially emissions of formaldehyde, may predominate over secondary production of aldehydes during the 2100-0900 h period, RP ALTSHULLER, AP (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 51 TC 94 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD JAN PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90067-9 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KJ731 UT WOS:A1993KJ73100004 ER PT J AU BLACKMAN, CF BENANE, SG HOUSE, DE POLLOCK, MM AF BLACKMAN, CF BENANE, SG HOUSE, DE POLLOCK, MM TI ACTION OF 50 HZ MAGNETIC-FIELDS ON NEURITE OUTGROWTH IN PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELLS SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE ELECTRIC FIELDS; PC-12D CELLS; NERVE GROWTH FACTOR ID BRAIN-TISSUE INVITRO; APPLIED ELECTRIC-FIELDS; NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; CALCIUM-IONS; PC12 CELLS; RAT; REGENERATION; EFFLUX; RADIATION AB This study tests the capacity of 50 Hz magnetic and electric fields to stimulate neurite outgrowth in PC-12D cells, a cell line which originated from a pheochromocytoma in rat adrenal medulla. The cells were plated on collagen-coated, plastic petri dishes and exposed to sinusoidal 50 Hz magnetic fields for 22 h in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37-degrees-C. Two 1,000 turn coils, 20 cm in diameter, were assembled in a Helmholtz configuration to generate a magnetic field in a vertical orientation, thereby inducing a companion electric field in the dish with intensity proportional to radius. A magnetic-field shield housed the control samples in the same incubator. Total cells and number of cells with neurites at least as long as one cell diameter or having a growth cone were counted within a radius of 0.3 cm of the dish center and within an annulus of 1.7-1.8 cm radii in 60 mm dishes, at 3.6 cm radius in 100 mm dishes, and between 1.9 and 2.1 cm radii in the outer well of organ culture dishes, which are physically separated into two concentric wells. Sham exposure demonstrated no difference in percentage of cells with neurites between the exposed and control locations in the incubator. Exposures were done at 4.0, 8.9, 22, 29, 40, 120, 236, and 400 milliGauss (mG). At dish radii of 1.7-1.8 cm in the 60 mm dishes these magnetic flux densities induced electric fields of 1.1, 2.5, 5.9, 8.1, 11, 33, 65, and 110 muV/m, respectively, while within a radius of 0.3 cm, the induced electric fields were less than 0.2, 0.4, 1.0, 1.5, 1.9, 6.0, 11, and 19 muV/m, respectively. For other dishes, the larger radii produced proportionally larger induced electric fields. At each field strength, there were two control dishes and four to nine exposed dishes; 100 or more cells were counted at each location on the dishes. The results demonstrate that magnetic fields stimulate neurite outgrowth in a flux-density-dependent manner between 22 and 40 mG, reaching an apparent stimulation plateau between 40 and 400 mG; no effects were seen at 8.9 mG or lower. There was no apparent neurite stimulation due to the electric field. Although relatively low intensity (greater-than-or-equal-to 22mG) magnetic fields alone can stimulate a morphological response in a cell which is normally stimulated by nerve growth factor molecules binding to membrane receptors, the chemical basis of this response is unknown. RP BLACKMAN, CF (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB MD68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 34 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1993 VL 14 IS 3 BP 273 EP 286 DI 10.1002/bem.2250140310 PG 14 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA LF801 UT WOS:A1993LF80100009 PM 8323576 ER PT J AU BLACKMAN, CF MOST, B AF BLACKMAN, CF MOST, B TI A SCHEME FOR INCORPORATING DC MAGNETIC-FIELDS INTO EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF EMF EXPOSURE SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE MAGNETIC FIELDS; POWER LINES; EARTHS MAGNETIC FIELD; 60 HZ; 50 HZ ID BRAIN-TISSUE INVITRO; CALCIUM-ION EFFLUX; MODULATED VHF FIELDS; NEURO-BLASTOMA CELLS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; FREQUENCY; HZ; CULTURE AB Experimental data on calcium-ion release in chicken brain tissue suggest that biological effects of electric and magnetic fields (EMFs) are concentrated near certain ''active combinations'' of DC magnetic field strength and ''effective'' AC magnetic field frequencies. We hypothesize that active AC/DC combinations may exist and suggest that epidemiologic data, coupled with DC magnetic field measurements, may be used to identify critical exposure conditions. An empirical model is used to calculate these multiple active combinations at any given DC magnetic field strength and to define a rating system that incorporates the proximity of AC magnetic field frequencies generated by electric power lines to the new, computed effective frequencies. Such an exposure score may be useful in investigating correlations of EMF exposure with disease incidence. For 60 Hz and 50 Hz, the highest EMF exposure scores occurred at DC field strengths of 506 mG and 422 mG, respectively. The exposure score contains a factor which may be adjusted to reflect the importance of harmonics of the AC magnetic field as well as of the fundamental frequency. Using this factor, we consider two important special cases consistent with chick brain data: 1) we consider active pairs associated with all detectable harmonics (up to 660 Hz) without regard to relative intensity of the harmonics, and 2) we use the relative intensities of the AC field frequencies to adjust their contribution to the exposure score. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP BLACKMAN, CF (reprint author), US EPA,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1993 VL 14 IS 5 BP 413 EP 431 DI 10.1002/bem.2250140504 PG 19 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA MD385 UT WOS:A1993MD38500003 PM 8285915 ER PT B AU COX, LH AF COX, LH GP US DEPT COMMERCE, ECON & STAT ADM, BUR CENSUS TI CELL SUPPRESSION AT STATISTICS CANADA - DISCUSSION SO BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 1993 ANNUAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Annual Research Conference of the Bureau-of-the-Census CY MAR 21-24, 1993 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP US DEPT COMMERCE, ECON & STAT ADM, BUR CENSUS C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT COMMERCE BUREAU CENSUS PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON, DC 20230 PY 1993 BP 132 EP 135 PG 4 WC Demography; Public Administration SC Demography; Public Administration GA BC75F UT WOS:A1993BC75F00011 ER PT J AU KIRCHGESSNER, DA PICCOT, SD CHADHA, A AF KIRCHGESSNER, DA PICCOT, SD CHADHA, A TI ESTIMATION OF METHANE EMISSIONS FROM A SURFACE COAL-MINE USING OPEN-PATH FTIR SPECTROSCOPY AND MODELING TECHNIQUES SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP ON ATMOSPHERIC METHANE : SOURCES, SINKS AND ROLE IN GLOBAL CHANGE CY OCT 07-11, 1991 CL MT HOOD, OR SP NATO, NATL SCI FDN, US EPA, ANDARZ AB A new measurements methodology has been developed which allows the rapid and efficient measurement of methane (CH4) emissions from surface coal mines. An initial field trial of this methodology has been completed, and results from the field trial revealed that emissions from one surface coal mine in the U.S. are estimated to be 1,735,000 m3/year. The results provide some evidence that CH4 concentrations determined by the FTIR may be low by 20 to 75 percent but the overall effect of this potential bias on the mine emissions estimate cannot be adequately quantified. The initial trial demonstrated that the methodology is an applicable and feasible approach for measuring CH4 emissions from very large surface coal mines. It also highlighted several uncertainties and methodology questions which if resolved could further improve the performance and reliability of the methodology. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,AIR POLLUT RES PROGRAMS BRANCH,DURHAM,NC 27707. ALLIANCE TECHNOL CORP,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP KIRCHGESSNER, DA (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 23 EP 44 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90410-7 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM225 UT WOS:A1993KM22500004 ER PT J AU BURKE, RA AF BURKE, RA TI POSSIBLE INFLUENCE OF HYDROGEN CONCENTRATION ON MICROBIAL METHANE STABLE HYDROGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP ON ATMOSPHERIC METHANE : SOURCES, SINKS AND ROLE IN GLOBAL CHANGE CY OCT 07-11, 1991 CL MT HOOD, OR SP NATO, NATL SCI FDN, US EPA, ANDARZ ID METHANOBACTERIUM-THERMOAUTOTROPHICUM; METHANOGENIC BACTERIA; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; SULFATE REDUCTION; BIOGENIC METHANE; CARBON; SEDIMENTS; LAKE; METABOLISM; ACETATE AB Factors affecting the stable hydrogen isotopic composition (deltaD) of important sources of microbial methane to the atmosphere include oxidation, methanogenic precursor (e.g., acetate vs. CO2/H-2), and the deltaD of the environmental water. Variations in hydrogen gas concentrations or rates of interspecies hydrogen transfer resulting from variations in organic matter degradation rates may also affect deltaD-CH4. Methane produced via CO2 reduction by laboratory cultures (Balabane et al., 1987) was about 150 parts per thousand more D-depleted than methane produced in shallow marine sediments from CO2/H-2. ne dissolved hydrogen gas concentration in that laboratory culture was about 1 mM; whereas, hydrogen concentrations in methane-zone sediments typically range between 10 and 100 nM (e.g., Conrad, 1989). The relatively greater hydrogen isotope fractionation in the culture appears to result from the incorporation into methane of protons that are produced intracellularly from the hydrogenase-catalyzed oxidation of hydrogen gas. As rumen basal hydrogen concentrations are typically greater than 1 muM (Smolenski and Robinson, 1988), this mechanism may explain why ruminant methane is more D-depleted (Wahlen et al., 1990) than methane produced via CO2 reduction in natural sedimentary environments. This process may also contribute to the wide variation in sedimentary deltaD-CH4 observed in natural wetlands. RP BURKE, RA (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,960 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 60 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 55 EP 67 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90412-X PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM225 UT WOS:A1993KM22500006 ER PT J AU BACHELET, D NEUE, HU AF BACHELET, D NEUE, HU TI METHANE EMISSIONS FROM WETLAND RICE AREAS OF ASIA SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP ON ATMOSPHERIC METHANE : SOURCES, SINKS AND ROLE IN GLOBAL CHANGE CY OCT 07-11, 1991 CL MT HOOD, OR SP NATO, NATL SCI FDN, US EPA, ANDARZ ID TRANSPORT; PADDIES; CLIMATE; FIELDS AB Khalil and Rasmussen (1990) reviewed eleven global methane budgets published between 1978 through 1988. They found that methane emissions from rice paddies ranged from 18 to 280 Tg year-1 which correspond to between 10 and 70% of the total anthropogenic methane emissions. For this paper, we have reviewed and replicated three published techniques to estimate methane emissions from rice paddies. We present the results obtained and we propose to include soil characteristics to revise these estimates. Since 90% of rice production occurs in Asia, we have only focused our study on rice in Asia. The first technique we replicated, uses the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)'s country statistics and crop calendars to determine the land area under rice cultivation each month. Assuming a constant emission rate, Asian rice fields emit about 82 Tg methane year-1. The second technique we replicated, assumes that methane emissions represent a constant fraction of the net primary production and uses empirical relationships between net primary production and temperature and precipitation records. Asian rice fields then only produce 57 Tg methane year-1. The third technique we replicated, relates methane emissions to rice grain production. It involves the calculation of total organic matter added to rice paddy soils and assumes that a constant fraction is emitted as methane. This leads to an estimate of methane emissions from Asian rice fields of about 63 Tg year-1. We propose to use a classification of rice soils to categorize rice growing locations from potentially methane producing to non-methane producing areas. Using this distinction with any of die three methods we discussed, Asian rice fields emissions are reduced by about 25%. C1 INT RICE RES INST,POB 933,MANILA 1099,PHILIPPINES. RP BACHELET, D (reprint author), US EPA,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 44 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 219 EP 237 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90423-3 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM225 UT WOS:A1993KM22500017 ER PT J AU PEER, RL THORNELOE, SA EPPERSON, DL AF PEER, RL THORNELOE, SA EPPERSON, DL TI A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR ESTIMATING GLOBAL METHANE EMISSIONS FROM LANDFILLS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP ON ATMOSPHERIC METHANE : SOURCES, SINKS AND ROLE IN GLOBAL CHANGE CY OCT 07-11, 1991 CL MT HOOD, OR SP NATO, NATL SCI FDN, US EPA, ANDARZ ID SOLID-WASTES; REFUSE AB Landfills are a significant source of methane, ranking third in anthropogenic sources after rice paddies and ruminants. Estimating the contribution of landfills to global methane flux is hampered by a lack of accurate refuse and landfill data, and therefore depends heavily on the assumptions used in the calculations. This paper describes research efforts to improve methodologies for estimating landfill emissions. Two key variables are discussed (1) the amount of refuse landfilled, and (2) the methane-generating potential of that refuse. Estimates of annual U.S. municipal solid waste production are compared, and the limitations of each method are reviewed. The implications for global data development are discussed. The estimated amount of methane emitted due to anaerobic decomposition of refuse in landfills can be based on theoretical models, laboratory studies, or measurements. Data from methane recovery systems at selected U.S. landfills were used to evaluate the effect of climate, age of refuse, and physical characteristics of the site on methane recovery. Methodologies for using methane recovery data to estimate methane produced by refuse are described, and resulting methane potentials are compared to other values in the literature. This paper discusses the factors that influence these two key variables and the sensitivity of global methane emissions estimates to assumptions about these factors. C1 US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP PEER, RL (reprint author), RADIAN CORP,POB 13000,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 387 EP 400 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90433-6 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM225 UT WOS:A1993KM22500027 ER PT J AU BECK, LL AF BECK, LL TI A GLOBAL METHANE EMISSIONS PROGRAM FOR LANDFILLS, COAL-MINES, AND NATURAL-GAS SYSTEMS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP ON ATMOSPHERIC METHANE : SOURCES, SINKS AND ROLE IN GLOBAL CHANGE CY OCT 07-11, 1991 CL MT HOOD, OR SP NATO, NATL SCI FDN, US EPA, ANDARZ AB The Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory (AEERL) of EPA's Office of Research and Development has chosen anthropogenic methane emissions as a principal focus in its global climate research program. Three of the major sources are municipal solid waste landfills, coal mines, and natural gas systems. This paper presents the scope and methodology of the AEERL methane emission studies and discloses data accumulated thus far in the program. A major emphasis in the landfill program is measurement of emissions from operating landfills and calculation of country-specific emissions. Landfill methane emissions are not estimated, but factors affecting emissions are discussed and estimates developed by others are provided. For coal mines, existing data collected by other researchers on underground mines are combined with EPA data on emissions from surface mines to provide an estimate of global emissions of 43 Tg/yr. Methane from natural gas production, transmission, and distribution systems is estimated to be 4.4 Tg/yr for the United States. RP BECK, LL (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 447 EP 452 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90437-A PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM225 UT WOS:A1993KM22500031 ER PT J AU KIRCHGESSNER, DA PICCOT, SD WINKLER, JD AF KIRCHGESSNER, DA PICCOT, SD WINKLER, JD TI ESTIMATE OF GLOBAL METHANE EMISSIONS FROM COAL-MINES SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP ON ATMOSPHERIC METHANE : SOURCES, SINKS AND ROLE IN GLOBAL CHANGE CY OCT 07-11, 1991 CL MT HOOD, OR SP NATO, NATL SCI FDN, US EPA, ANDARZ AB Country-specific emissions of methane (CH4) from underground coal mines, surface coal mines, and coal crushing and transport operations are estimated for 1989. Emissions for individual countries are estimated by using two sets of regression equations (R2 values range from 0.56 to 0.71). The first set is used to estimate the CH4 content of coals in selected countries based on country-specific coal depth and other relevant parameters. The second equation relates this CH4 content and the country's coal production rate to the emissions from coal mining operations. The regression equations developed in this study rely on documented relationships which exist between mine emissions, coalbed CH4 content, coal production rate, and other coal properties. Only those independent variables which could be included at 95 percent confidence or greater were retained in the regression equations. Estimated global CH4 emissions from coal mining axe estimated to be 45.6 Tg for 1989. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,AIR POLLUT RES PROGRAMS BRANCH,DURHAM,NC 27707. ALLIANCE TECHNOL CORP,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP KIRCHGESSNER, DA (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 453 EP 472 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90438-B PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM225 UT WOS:A1993KM22500032 ER PT J AU STEWART, CR LEMIEUX, PM ZINN, BT AF STEWART, CR LEMIEUX, PM ZINN, BT TI APPLICATION OF PULSE COMBUSTION TO SOLID AND HAZARDOUS-WASTE INCINERATION SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRANSIENT; ROTARY KILN; INCINERATION; PULSE COMBUSTION ID TRANSIENT PUFFS; SIMULATOR AB A bench-scale Rotary Kiln Incinerator Simulator was retrofitted with a frequency-tunable pulse combustor in order to enhance the efficiency of combustion. The pulse combustor excites pulsations in the kiln and increases the completeness of combustion by promoting better mixing within the system. One phenomenon that is unique to batch-fed incineration systems, and rotary kilns in particular, is the formation of transient ''puffs,'' or plugs of unburned material that are formed when the instantaneous bed waste release rate is greater than the available local stoichiometric oxygen supplied from the primary burner. It is hypothesized that the additional mixing induced by the pulse combustor can reduce gas-phase stratification and enhance transport of available oxygen into the local fuel-rich zones of the puff. Tests were performed using toluene (C7H8) sorbed onto a ground corn cob sorbent and placed in cardboard containers. The burner was operated in a non-pulse mode as a baseline condition, and then in a pulse mode in which the frequency of the pulse combustor was adjusted to the natural frequency of the combustion chamber, creating resonant pulsations of large magnitude. The test was also performed using polyethylene tube bundles to simulate a solid waste and to investigate a surrogate which produces different puff characteristics. Products of incomplete combustion (PICs), measured as carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbon (THC), and soot, were monitored from a sample extracted immediately downstream of the kiln, in addition to other exhaust gas species (oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides). The addition of turbulence in the rotary kiln due to high amplitude acoustic pulsations has a strong tendency to reduce the amount of soot and/or semi-volatile and non-volatile THC that is measured. Mass emissions of soot were consistently reduced in all tests. CO increased during acoustic pulsations in the toluene tests. Toluene is a fast burning surrogate hazardous waste which preferentially forms soot during transient puffs. The decrease in soot and apparent corresponding increase in CO indicate that the pulsations had a beneficial effect on the combustion process. This phenomenon could be the result of two effects: 1) either the formation of soot is being inhibited due to disruption of the coagulation process that occurs during soot formation; or 2) the high amplitude acoustic waves could be breaking down the boundary layer in the local environment of the soot particles causing faster pyrolysis of the semi-volatile organic matter into CO and THC. It is also possible that the pulsations cause both of these effects simultaneously. The paper also presents two newly developed parameters indicating the severity and magnitude of the transient puff: the unsatisfied oxygen demand and the carbon penetration, and discusses how the pulsations affect these parameters. C1 US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH AEROSP ENGN,ATLANTA,GA 30332. RP STEWART, CR (reprint author), US EPA,REG 4,ATLANTA,GA 30365, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 94 IS 1-6 BP 427 EP 446 DI 10.1080/00102209308935322 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA MU626 UT WOS:A1993MU62600024 ER PT B AU BASTIAN, RK HAMMER, DA AF BASTIAN, RK HAMMER, DA BE Moshiri, GA TI THE USE OF CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR WASTE-WATER TREATMENT AND RECYCLING SO CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pensacola Conference: Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement CY OCT 21-24, 1991 CL UNIV W FLORIDA, PENSACOLA, FL SP UNIV W FLORIDA, WETLANDS RES LAB, UNIV W FLORIDA, INST COASTAL & ESTUARINE RES HO UNIV W FLORIDA C1 US EPA,OFF WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-550-0 PY 1993 BP 59 EP 68 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering; Water Resources GA BA34J UT WOS:A1993BA34J00005 ER PT B AU FREEMAN, RJ AF FREEMAN, RJ BE Moshiri, GA TI CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS EXPERIENCE IN THE SOUTHEAST SO CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pensacola Conference: Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement CY OCT 21-24, 1991 CL UNIV W FLORIDA, PENSACOLA, FL SP UNIV W FLORIDA, WETLANDS RES LAB, UNIV W FLORIDA, INST COASTAL & ESTUARINE RES HO UNIV W FLORIDA C1 US EPA,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-550-0 PY 1993 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering; Water Resources GA BA34J UT WOS:A1993BA34J00006 ER PT B AU OVERY, DP AF OVERY, DP BE OVery, DP Paine, CE Reicher, DW TI THE REGULATION OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION SO CONTROLLING THE ATOM IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Controlling the Atom in the 21st-Century CY DEC, 1992 CL SYRIA, VA SP NAT RESOURCES DEF COUNCIL, JOHN D & CATHERINE T MACARTHUR FDN, PROSPECT HILL FDN C1 US EPA,OFF RADIAT & INDOOR AIR,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTVIEW PRESS PI BOULDER PA 5500 CENTRAL AVENUE, BOULDER, CO 80301-2877 BN 0-8133-8816-3 PY 1993 BP 281 EP 313 PG 33 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA62R UT WOS:A1993BA62R00010 ER PT J AU BROWN, MA DEVITO, SC AF BROWN, MA DEVITO, SC TI PREDICTING AZO-DYE TOXICITY SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE AZO; DYE; TOXICITY; AZO REDUCTION; CARCINOGENICITY; METABOLISM ID MICROSOMAL AZOREDUCTASE ACTIVITY; CARCINOGENIC AROMATIC-AMINES; NON-AMINOAZO DYE; RAT-LIVER DNA; INTESTINAL BACTERIA; PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA; REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; N-ACETYLBENZIDINE; COVALENT BINDING; TRYPAN BLUE AB Literature regrading azo dye carcinogenicity was examined to establish, if possible, guidelines to predict the human health risks of new azo dyes. Three different mechanisms for azo dye carcinogenicity were identified, all involving metabolic activation to reactive electrophilic intermediates that covalently bind DNA. In the order of decreasing number of published references, these mechanisms are 1. Azo dyes that are toxic only after reduction and cleavage of the azo linkage to give aromatic amines, mostly via intestinal anaerobic bacteria. The aromatic amines are metabolically oxidized to reactive electrophilic species that covalently bind DNA. 2. Azo dyes with structures containing free aromatic amine groups that can be metabolically oxidized without azo reduction. 3. Azo dyes that may be activated via direct oxidation of the azo linkage to highly reactive electrophilic diazonium salts. Each mechanism may be compound specific, thus azo toxicity is probably caused by more than one mechanism. Although it is not possible to predict azo dye carcinogenicity with absolute certainty, it is possible to establish certain guidelines. Because some species of intestinal anaerobic bacteria (and in some cases, hepatic azo reductases) may reduce any azo compound to aromatic amines, those containing aromatic amine subgroups known to be carcinogenic, such as benzidines, must be suspect. Information about human carcinogenicity of other specific aromatic amines is scant, and various short-term mutagenicity tests may provide some guidance. Other in vitro tests can directly assay new azo dyes. Although it is unlikely that azo dyes can be developed that can be guaranteed not to generate constituent aromatic amines, it may be possible to select aromatic amines that are not toxic. C1 US EPA,IND CHEM BRANCH,OFF TOX SUBST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP BROWN, MA (reprint author), US CONGRESS,OFF TECHNOL ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20510, USA. NR 107 TC 367 Z9 385 U1 14 U2 52 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 23 IS 3 BP 249 EP 324 PG 76 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MG166 UT WOS:A1993MG16600003 ER PT J AU PETERSON, RE THEOBALD, HM KIMMEL, GL AF PETERSON, RE THEOBALD, HM KIMMEL, GL TI DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY OF DIOXINS AND RELATED-COMPOUNDS - CROSS-SPECIES COMPARISONS SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE PERINATAL EXPOSURE; STRUCTURAL MALFORMATIONS; FUNCTIONAL ALTERATIONS; ANTIESTROGENICITY; SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION; AH RECEPTOR ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE; DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; EMBRYONIC PALATAL SHELVES; BREAST-CANCER-CELLS; EARLY LIFE STAGES; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN-TREATED MALE-RATS; COPLANAR POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HALOGENATED AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH AB Developmental toxicity to TCDD-like congeners in fish, birds, and mammals, and reproductive toxicity in mammals are reviewed. In fish and bird species, the developmental lesions observed are species dependent, but any given species responds similarly to different TCDD-like congeners. Developmental toxicity in fish resembles ''blue sac disease,'' whereas structural malformations can occur in at least one bird species. In mammals, developmental toxicity includes decreased growth, structural malformations, functional alterations, and prenatal mortality. At relatively low exposure levels, structural malformations are not common in mammalian species. In contrast, functional alterations are the most sensitive signs of developmental toxicity. These include effects on the male reproductive system and male reproductive behavior in rats, and neurobehavioral effects in monkeys. Human infants exposed during the Yusho and Yu-Cheng episodes, and monkeys and mice exposed perinatally to TCDD developed an ectodermal dysplasia syndrome that includes toxicity to the skin and teeth. Toxicity to the central nervous system in monkey and human infants is a potential part of the ectodermal dysplasia syndrome. Decreases in spermatogenesis and the ability to conceive and carry a pregnancy to term are the most sensitive signs of reproductive toxicity in male and female mammals, respectively. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR ENVIRONM TOXICOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RP PETERSON, RE (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH PHARM,425 N CHARTER ST,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ESO1332] NR 279 TC 481 Z9 499 U1 7 U2 45 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PY 1993 VL 23 IS 3 BP 283 EP 335 DI 10.3109/10408449309105013 PG 53 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA MA379 UT WOS:A1993MA37900003 PM 8260069 ER PT J AU JAGUS, R HUANG, WI HIREMATH, LS STERN, BD RHOADS, RE AF JAGUS, R HUANG, WI HIREMATH, LS STERN, BD RHOADS, RE TI MECHANISM OF ACTION OF DEVELOPMENTALLY-REGULATED SEA-URCHIN INHIBITOR OF EIF-4 SO DEVELOPMENTAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE SEA URCHIN; FERTILIZATION; EIF-4-ALPHA; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS REGULATION ID CAP-BINDING-PROTEIN; EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-4F; MESSENGER-RNA TRANSLATION; KINASE-C; STRONGYLOCENTROTUS-PURPURATUS; STIMULATES PHOSPHORYLATION; PHORBOL ESTERS; GROWTH-FACTOR; FACTOR 4E; SYSTEMS AB The developmentally regulated inhibitor of elF-4 function found in unfertilized sea urchin eggs has been partially purified and its mechanism of action studied in vitro using purified recombinant elF-4 alpha and cell-free translation systems. The results demonstrate that although the phosphorylation of elf-4 alpha is necessary to promote protein synthesis, it is not sufficient to maintain all aspects of elF-4 function. The egg inhibitor does not change elF-4 alpha. phosphorylation state. During the blockage of initiation caused by the egg inhibitor, elF-4 alpha remains phosphorylated but accumulates in a 48S initiation intermediate. This suggests that the egg inhibitor functions by preventing the release of elF-4 alpha from the small ribosomal subunit. The characteristics of the inhibitor in a reticulocyte translation system demonstrate that elF-4 activity is inhibited within 3-6 min. However, the inhibitor's characteristics in a mRNA-dependent translation system contrast with this. Preincubation with the inhibitor for 5-25 min prior to the addition of mRNA does not prevent endogenous elF-4 from participating in translation but diminishes its ability to be reutilized, consistent with the accumulation of elf-4 alpha on the small ribosomal subunit. The ribosomal localization of the inhibitor suggests that it could prevent elF-4 alpha release by direct binding. The gradual inactivation of the inhibitor following fertilization indicates that it represents a component of a novel regulatory cascade that modulates elF-4 activity. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 US EPA,DEPT ENVIRONM & CHEM ANAL,BATON ROUGE,LA. OHIO STATE BIOTECHNOL CTR,COLUMBUS,OH. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,SHREVEPORT,LA 71105. RP JAGUS, R (reprint author), CTR MARINE BIOTECHNOL,600 E LOMBARD,BALTIMORE,MD 21202, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-33631, GM-20818] NR 66 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0192-253X J9 DEV GENET JI Dev. Genet. PY 1993 VL 14 IS 6 BP 412 EP 423 DI 10.1002/dvg.1020140603 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA MP384 UT WOS:A1993MP38400002 PM 8111970 ER PT J AU DANIEL, FB ROBINSON, M OLSON, GR YORK, RG CONDIE, LW AF DANIEL, FB ROBINSON, M OLSON, GR YORK, RG CONDIE, LW TI 10-DAY AND 90-DAY TOXICITY STUDIES OF 2-CHLOROPHENOL IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLORINATED PHENOLS AB Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats received 2-chlorophenol in corn oil daily by gavage for 10 or 90 consecutive days. The 1 0-day study doses were 13, 64, 129 and 257 mg/kg while the 90-day subchronic study doses were 17, 50 and 150 mg/kg. In the 10-day study, hematologic and clinical chemistry, food and water consumption, absolute and relative organ weights, and histopathological findings revealed no compound or sex-related effects. In the 90-day study there were no significant gross or histopathological findings that were treatment-related in either sex. There were statistically significant differences between control and treated groups associated with hematology, clinical chemistry and organ weights; however, none of the differences were considered to be biologically meaningful. C1 PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,W CHESTER,OH 45069. USA,DUGWAY PROVING GROUND,DIV LIFE SCI,DUGWAY PROVING GROUND,UT 84022. RP DANIEL, FB (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,DIV ECOL MONITORING RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 3 BP 277 EP 291 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LQ185 UT WOS:A1993LQ18500004 PM 8404547 ER PT J AU DANIEL, FB ROBINSON, M OLSON, GR BERCZ, JP PAGE, NP AF DANIEL, FB ROBINSON, M OLSON, GR BERCZ, JP PAGE, NP TI SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY STUDY OF 1,1-DICHLORO-2-PROPANONE IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; CHLORINATION AB Groups of 10 male and 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 1,1-dichloro-2-propanone in corn oil by gavage at 0, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg/day for 90 consecutive days. Food and water consumption, body and organ weights, organ-to-body weight ratios, hematology, and clinical chemistry parameters were determined. Gross and microscopic pathology examinations also were conducted. No treatment-related mortality was observed during the study; however, liver, forestomach, and kidney toxicity was evident. Liver changes consisted of cytoplasmic alteration, cytomegaly, karyomegaly, and bile duct hyperplasia. These occurred with significance of p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05 at or above 10 mg/kg/day in both sexes. The forestomach lesions included hyperkeratosis and epithelial hyperplasia in both sexes at 40 and 80 mg/kg/day, and ulcerations at 80 mg/kg/day. Also, an increased incidence and severity of spontaneously occurring chronic progressive nephropathy was most apparent in high dose males. Increases in organ-to-body weight ratios were noted for the liver and kidneys in females at the highest dose level and in males at the two highest dose levels. Serum enzymes (ALT, AST, and LDH) were increased in females and decreased in males. Based on liver lesions and biochemical changes, it was concluded that there was no experimentally definable NOAEL. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,DIV ECOL MONITORING RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,W CHESTER,OH 45069. PAGE ASSOCIATES,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 3 BP 293 EP 305 DI 10.3109/01480549309081821 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LQ185 UT WOS:A1993LQ18500005 PM 8404548 ER PT J AU DANIEL, FB ROBINSON, M STOBER, JA OLSON, GR PAGE, NP AF DANIEL, FB ROBINSON, M STOBER, JA OLSON, GR PAGE, NP TI SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY STUDY OF 1,3-DICHLOROPROPANONE IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PULP AB 1,9-Dichloropropanone (1,3-DCP) has been identified as a by-product of the chlorination of water and thus a potential contaminant in drinking water. Since little was known of its oral toxicity, subchronic exposure studies were conducted with male and female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to 1,3-DCP in drinking water at 0, 5, 65, or 125 ppm for 90 days. Evaluations included mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, hematology, clinical chemistry, organ weights, gross pathology, and histopathology. No signficant organ toxicity was detected although an aversion to drinking 1,3-DCP treated water was observed at 65 and 125 ppm. The only consistent change was a decrease in BUN at 125 ppm in both sexes. Based on a decrease in BUN levels and decreased water consumption, 5 ppm (0.5 mg/kg/day) was considered the NOAEL. C1 PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,W CHESTER,OH 45069. PAGE ASSOCIATES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20878. RP DANIEL, FB (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,DIV ECOL MONITORING RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 4 BP 341 EP 350 DI 10.3109/01480549308998225 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA MZ868 UT WOS:A1993MZ86800002 PM 8281888 ER PT J AU DANIEL, FB ROBINSON, M OLSON, GR YORK, RG CONDIE, LW AF DANIEL, FB ROBINSON, M OLSON, GR YORK, RG CONDIE, LW TI 10-DAY AND 90-DAY TOXICITY STUDIES OF 2,4-DIMETHYLPHENOL IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats received 2,4-dimethylphenol daily by gavage for 10 or 90 consecutive days. The 10-day acute study doses were 0, 60, 120, 600 and 1200 mg/kg; the 90-day subchronic study doses were 0, 60, 180 and 540 mg/kg. Corn oil was used as the vehicle. In the 10-day study, all the high dose animals died. At 600 mg/kg there was a significant increase in relative liver weight in females and several significant alterations in hematologic and clinical chemistry values in both sexes. Histopathological examination revealed changes associated with the forestomach in all dose groups. The gel-day study had numerous compound-related deaths at the 540 mg/kg level. In addition, the final body weight in high close males and females was significantly less while absolute lung weights and relative liver weights in females, and relative brain, kidney and testes weights in males were also altered. Significant clinical chemistry findings in high dose animals (540 mg/kg) included reduced creatinine and increased cholesterol in both sexes, with increased triglycerides and decreased AST in males only. Histopathologic evaluation revealed hyperkeratosis and epithelial hyperplasia of the forestomach in males and females in the middle and high-dose groups. C1 PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,W CHESTER,OH 45069. USA,DUGWAY PROVING GROUND,DIV LIFE SCI,DUGWAY PROVING GROUND,UT 84022. RP DANIEL, FB (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,DIV ECOL MONITORING RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1993 VL 16 IS 4 BP 351 EP 368 DI 10.3109/01480549308998226 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA MZ868 UT WOS:A1993MZ86800003 PM 8281889 ER PT J AU BACHELET, D GAY, CA AF BACHELET, D GAY, CA TI THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON RICE YIELD - A COMPARISON OF 4 MODEL PERFORMANCES SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; SIMULATION-MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PLANT-GROWTH; CROP PLANTS; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEMS AB Increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases are expected to modify the climate of the earth in the next 50-100 years. Mechanisms of plant response to these changes need to be incorporated in models that predict crop yield estimates to obtain an understanding of the potential consequences of such changes. This is particularly important in Asia where demographic forecasts indicate that rice supplies worldwide will need to increase by 1.6% annually to the year 2000 to match population growth estimates. The objectives of this paper are (1) to review the major hypotheses and/or experimental results regarding rice sensitivity to climate change and (2) to evaluate the suitability of existing rice models for assessing the impact of global climate change on rice production. A review of four physiologically-based rice models (RICEMOD, CERES-Rice, MACROS, RICESYS) illustrates their potential to predict rice responses to elevated CO2 and increased temperature. RICEMOD does not respond to increases in CO2 nor to large increases in temperature. Both MACROS and CERES (wetland rice) responses to temperature and CO2 agree with recent experimental data. RICESYS is an ecosystem model which predicts herbivory and inter-species competition between rice and weeds but does not respond to CO2. Its response to increasing temperature also agrees with experimental data. RP BACHELET, D (reprint author), US EPA,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 64 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 65 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 93 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(93)90127-E PG 23 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KL679 UT WOS:A1993KL67900004 ER PT S AU TABAK, HH GOVIND, R AF TABAK, HH GOVIND, R BE Tedder, DW Pohland, FG TI DEVELOPMENT OF NONLINEAR GROUP CONTRIBUTION METHOD FOR PREDICTION OF BIODEGRADATION KINETICS FROM RESPIROMETRICALLY DERIVED KINETIC DATA SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT III SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT 3, AT THE INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY SPECIAL SYMP CY OCT 01-03, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV IND & ENGN CHEM RP TABAK, HH (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2530-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 518 BP 159 EP 190 PG 32 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BX68T UT WOS:A1993BX68T00009 ER PT B AU THORNELOE, SA AF THORNELOE, SA BE Klass, DL TI LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY UTILIZATION - OPTIONS AND ECONOMICS SO ENERGY FROM BIOMASS AND WASTES XVI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy From Biomass and Wastes XVI CY MAR 02-06, 1992 CL ORLANDO, FL SP INST GAS TECHNOL C1 US EPA,DIV GLOBAL EMISS & CONTROL,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST GAS TECHNOLOGY PI DES PLAINES PA 1700 S. MT. PROSPECT RD, DES PLAINES, IL 60018 BN 0-910091-88-9 PY 1993 BP 1071 EP 1088 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BZ92Y UT WOS:A1993BZ92Y00052 ER PT J AU LEWTAS, J AF LEWTAS, J TI IMPACT OF FUEL CHOICE ON COMPARATIVE CANCER RISK OF EMISSIONS SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF FUEL CHOICE, AT THE 201ST NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 15-16, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV FUEL CHEM, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV PETR CHEM, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM AB Incomplete combustion of fuels as an energy source results in the emission of products that are mutagenic in short-term genetic bioassays and carcinogenic in animals. Humans occupationally exposed to the incomplete combustion products from certain fuels have an elevated relative risk of cancer. Until recently, it has not been possible to compare the relative cancer risk of emissions from the combustion of various fuels. The combustion emissions from a wide variety of fossil fuels, synthetic fuels, vegetative fuels, synthetic chemicals, and mixed wastes have been characterized with respect to their comparative genotoxic and tumor initiating activity. This paper evaluates the comparative cancer risk of various fuels and identifies critical data gaps in our understanding of the comparative cancer risks from using alternative fuels. RP LEWTAS, J (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD 68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 7 IS 1 BP 4 EP 6 DI 10.1021/ef00037a002 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA KH628 UT WOS:A1993KH62800002 ER PT J AU WALLACE, LA AF WALLACE, LA TI RESPONSE TO TOTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY (TEAM) STUDY BY ROSEBROOK AND WORM SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Letter RP WALLACE, LA (reprint author), US EPA,WARRENTON,VA, USA. RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PY 1993 VL 19 IS 3 BP 303 EP 306 DI 10.1016/0160-4120(93)90092-V PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LA862 UT WOS:A1993LA86200011 ER PT J AU MCDANIELS, AE REYES, AL WYMER, LJ RANKIN, CC STELMA, GN AF MCDANIELS, AE REYES, AL WYMER, LJ RANKIN, CC STELMA, GN TI GENOTOXIC ACTIVITY DETECTED IN SOILS FROM A HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITE BY THE AMES TEST AND AN SOS COLORIMETRIC TEST SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE AMES TEST RESPONSE; SOS TEST; GENOTOXINS ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UMU-TEST; ASSAY; MUTAGENICITY; CHROMOTEST; VALIDATION; INDUCTION; SYSTEM AB Ten soil samples from a hazardous waste site were compared for their genotoxic activity by the Ames test (Salmonella reverse mutation assay) and a modified SOS colorimetric test. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons known to produce frameshift mutations were found in high levels in the soils. Salmonella typhimurium TA98, sensitive to frameshift mutations, was selected as the Ames tester strain. Escherichia coli K12 PQ37 (sulA::lacZ) was the SOS tester strain. Organic extracts were prepared from the soil samples by Soxhlet extraction. One set of the soil samples was extracted with methylene chloride and a second set with cyclohexane. Two criteria from reproducible dose-related increases in response to the soil were used to compare the positive responses: 1) the concentrations required for doubling responses and 2) a minimum concentration required to produce statistically significant increases from background controls. Analysis of variance indicated that with S9 mix, Ames and SOS results were similar for the same soils and solvent extractions. However, without S9 mix, the SOS test was significantly more sensitive than the Ames test to the genotoxins extracted from the soils. Both the Ames and SOS tests detected lower concentrations of genotoxins in methylene chloride than in cyclohexane extracts. The simplicity of the method, reduction in expenses, and results within 1 working day all contribute to the advantages of the SOS test. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 COMP SCI CORP,CINCINNATI,OH. RP MCDANIELS, AE (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,DIV MICROBIOL RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1993 VL 22 IS 2 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1002/em.2850220210 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA LW247 UT WOS:A1993LW24700008 PM 8359153 ER PT J AU AULETTA, AE DEARFIELD, KL CIMINO, MC AF AULETTA, AE DEARFIELD, KL CIMINO, MC TI MUTAGENICITY TEST SCHEMES AND GUIDELINES - UNITED-STATES-EPA OFFICE OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND TOXICS AND OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE UNITED-STATES-EPA; TSCA; FIFRA; GENOTOXICITY; REGULATORY TESTING; TESTING REQUIREMENTS ID TERM TEST INFORMATION; CARCINOGENICITY AB New requirements for chemicals subject to mutagenicity testing from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) are discussed. Also detailed are two categories in the 1986 Mutagenicity Risk Assessment Guidelines. C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP AULETTA, AE (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REVIEW,TS-796,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20024, USA. NR 18 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1993 VL 21 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1002/em.2850210106 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA KJ833 UT WOS:A1993KJ83300005 PM 8419153 ER PT J AU SOFUNI KIRKLAND DOUGLAS AULETTA AF SOFUNI KIRKLAND DOUGLAS AULETTA TI QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - UPDATED WORLDWIDE REGULATORY GUIDELINES FOR GENOTOXICITY TESTING SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Discussion C1 HAZELTON MICROTEST,MOLEC TOXICOL,HARROGATE,N YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20024. US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP SOFUNI (reprint author), NATL INST HYG SCI,DIV GENET & MUTAGENESIS,1-18-1 KAMIYOGA,SETAGAYA KU,TOKYO 158,JAPAN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1993 VL 21 IS 1 BP 46 EP 57 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA KJ833 UT WOS:A1993KJ83300006 ER PT J AU CIMINO, MC AULETTA, AE AF CIMINO, MC AULETTA, AE TI AVAILABILITY OF THE GENE-TOX DATABASE ON THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE TOXNET SYSTEM SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Letter RP CIMINO, MC (reprint author), US EPA,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REVIEW TS-796,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOXICS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1993 VL 21 IS 3 BP 306 EP 307 DI 10.1002/em.2850210313 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA KX341 UT WOS:A1993KX34100011 PM 8462532 ER PT B AU ANDERSON, PA AF ANDERSON, PA BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION AT CONTIGUOUS FACILITIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, US GEOL SURVEY C1 US EPA,REG 4,ATLANTA,GA 30365. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 135 EP 146 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BZ85E UT WOS:A1993BZ85E00018 ER PT J AU MCCRILLIS, RC JAASMA, DR AF MCCRILLIS, RC JAASMA, DR TI WOODSTOVE EMISSION MEASUREMENT METHODS - COMPARISON AND EMISSION FACTORS UPDATE SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article AB On February 26, 1988, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency promulgated Standards of Performance for residential wood heaters, or woodstoves. Over the past several years, a number of field studies have been undertaken to determine the actual level of emission reduction achieved by new technology woodstoves in everyday use- These studies have required the development and use of particulate and gaseous emission sampling equipment compatible with operation in private houses. Since woodstoves are tested for certification in the laboratory using EPA Methods 5G and 5H, it is of substantial interest to determine the correlation between these regulatory methods and the in-house equipment. Two in-house sampling systems have been used most widely. One is an intermittent, pump-driven particulate sampler which collects particulate and condensable organics on a filter and organic adsorbent resin. Oxygen concentration is measured by a sensor in the sample line. The sampler is controlled by a data logger which also records often parameters of interest. The second system uses an evacuated cylinder as the motive force. Particulate and condensable organics are collected in a condenser and dual filter. The sampler operates continuously whenever the stack-temperature is above the set point. Average stack gas concentrations are measured from the evacuated cylinder at the conclusion of the sampling period. Both samplers were designed to operate unattended for 1-week periods. A large number of tests have been run comparing Methods 5G and 5H to both of the field samplers. This paper presents these comparison data and determines the relationships between laboratory certification sampling methods and field samplers. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECHN INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP MCCRILLIS, RC (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1007/BF00568795 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM555 UT WOS:A1993KM55500001 PM 24227192 ER PT J AU ZAROOGIAN, G YEVICH, P AF ZAROOGIAN, G YEVICH, P TI CYTOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF BROWN CELLS IN CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA COLLECTED AT CLEAN AND CONTAMINATED STATIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article AB This study examined brown cells of oysters, Crassostrea virginica, as potential indicators of pollution related stress. Regardless of collection station brown cells increased in connective tissue when it was inflamed. Significantly (alpha < 0-05) fewer brown cells were observed in connective tissue of oysters from the clean versus the contaminated station; no significant differences in size were apparent in brown cells or vesicles between the two stations. Brown cell vesicles in connective tissue of oysters from the clean station were a translucent light-brown color with inclusions in the larger vesicles, whereas in oysters from the contaminated station they were blackish-brown with 2-3 inclusions in all vesicles regardless of size. Auricles in oysters at the clean station had significantly (alpha < 0-05) more brown cells which were larger and contained more vesicles than those at the contaminated station. Significant differences did not occur among protein concentration, lysozyme, glutathione reductase and acid phosphatase activities in brown cells between clean and contaminated stations, however, significant differences occurred among protein concentration, lysozyme, glutathione reductase and acid phosphatase between brown cell fractions separated on a Percoll density gradient. These studies indicate that vesicles of oyster brown cells are lysosomes and these cells possess the requisites for detoxification and have the potential for use as a biomarker of exposure to contaminants and stress. RP ZAROOGIAN, G (reprint author), US EPA,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1993 VL 79 IS 2 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(93)90069-Z PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KA246 UT WOS:A1993KA24600011 PM 15091904 ER PT J AU HUSAR, RB WILSON, WE AF HUSAR, RB WILSON, WE TI HAZE AND SULFUR EMISSION TRENDS IN THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VISIBILITY C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP HUSAR, RB (reprint author), WASHINGTON UNIV,CTR AIR POLLUT IMPACT & TREND ANAL,ST LOUIS,MO 63130, USA. RI Husar, Rudolf/A-9000-2009 NR 12 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1 BP 12 EP 16 DI 10.1021/es00038a001 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KF272 UT WOS:A1993KF27200003 ER PT J AU WANG, LP GOVIND, R DOBBS, RA AF WANG, LP GOVIND, R DOBBS, RA TI SORPTION OF TOXIC ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS ON WASTE-WATER SOLIDS - MECHANISM AND MODELING SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; WATER; POLLUTANTS; BIOSORPTION; EQUILIBRIA; ADSORPTION; REMOVAL AB It is proposed that sorption is a combination of two fundamentally different processes: adsorption and partitioning. A sorption model was developed for both single-component and multicomponent systems. The model was tested using single-component experimental isotherm data of eight toxic organic compounds. Partitioning dominates the sorption process for compounds with high sorbability or high octanol-water partition coefficient, K(ow) Binary sorption data were compared with the present model. The proposed model fitted experimental data well It was found that K(ow) could be used to assess the competition effect in a multicomponent system. The competition is negligible when Kw is larger than 1000. When K(ow) is smaller than 500, there is a significant competition effect. In very dilute solutions, the effect of the presence of a competing species can be ignored. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP WANG, LP (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221, USA. NR 22 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1 BP 152 EP 158 DI 10.1021/es00038a017 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KF272 UT WOS:A1993KF27200023 ER PT J AU BURGESS, RM SCHWEITZER, KA MCKINNEY, RA PHELPS, DK AF BURGESS, RM SCHWEITZER, KA MCKINNEY, RA PHELPS, DK TI CONTAMINATED MARINE-SEDIMENTS - WATER COLUMN AND INTERSTITIAL TOXIC EFFECTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE WATER COLUMN TOXICITY; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT TOXICITY; INTERSTITIAL WATER TOXICITY ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NATURAL ESTUARINE COLLOIDS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; HYDROPHOBIC POLLUTANTS; HUMIC MATERIAL; AMMONIA; BIOAVAILABILITY; REDUCTION; SORPTION; BEDFORD AB The toxicity that contaminated sediments may introduce into the water column has not been measured extensively. In order to quantify this potential toxicity, the seawater overlying two uncontaminated and three contaminated marine sediments was evaluated in the laboratory with the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata fertilization test. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and copper, as representative contaminants, were also measured. To characterize sources of toxicity, samples were chemically manipulated using reversed-phase chromatography, cation exchange, and chelation. Water column toxicity and contaminant concentrations were higher in the suspended exposures than in bedded exposures. Interstitial water toxicity and contaminant concentrations were generally greater than either bedded or suspended exposures. Chemical manipulation indicated that the observed toxicity in water column exposures was probably caused by metallic and/or nonionic organic contaminants. Conversely, manipulation of interstitial waters did not result in significantly reduced toxicity, suggesting that other toxicants such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide may be active. C1 US EPA,SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. CHEM WASTE MANAGEMENT INC,N DARTMOUTH,MA 02747. RP BURGESS, RM (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 59 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 8 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 12 IS 1 BP 127 EP 138 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[127:CMSWCA]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KE029 UT WOS:A1993KE02900014 ER PT S AU PFLEEGER, TG RATSCH, HC SHIMABUKU, RA AF PFLEEGER, TG RATSCH, HC SHIMABUKU, RA BE Gorsuch, JW Dwyer, FJ Ingersoll, CG LaPoint, TW TI A REVIEW OF TERRESTRIAL PLANTS AS BIOMONITORS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: 2ND VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Aquatic, Plant, and Terrestrial CY APR 26-30, 1992 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM BIOL EFFECTS & ENVIRONM FATE DE PLANT BIOMONITORING; TERRESTRIAL PLANTS; TRADESCANTIA; ARABIDOPSIS; BRASSICA; BELL W-3 TOBACCO C1 US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1485-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1993 VL 1216 BP 317 EP 330 DI 10.1520/STP13164S PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BZ53R UT WOS:A1993BZ53R00024 ER PT S AU MCFARLANE, C FLETCHER, J BRESLER, S MATTHIES, M BARKER, J AF MCFARLANE, C FLETCHER, J BRESLER, S MATTHIES, M BARKER, J BE Gorsuch, JW Dwyer, FJ Ingersoll, CG LaPoint, TW TI PHYTOTOXICITY - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MEASURING AND REPORTING DOSAGE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: 2ND VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Aquatic, Plant, and Terrestrial CY APR 26-30, 1992 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM BIOL EFFECTS & ENVIRONM FATE DE PHYTOTOX; MEASUREMENT; UNITS; STANDARDS C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1485-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1993 VL 1216 BP 362 EP 368 DI 10.1520/STP13167S PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BZ53R UT WOS:A1993BZ53R00027 ER PT S AU WALKER, JD AF WALKER, JD BE Gorsuch, JW Dwyer, FJ Ingersoll, CG LaPoint, TW TI THE TSCA INTERAGENCY TESTING COMMITTEE, 1977 TO 1992 - CREATION, STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: 2ND VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Aquatic, Plant, and Terrestrial CY APR 26-30, 1992 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM BIOL EFFECTS & ENVIRONM FATE DE INTERAGENCY TESTING COMMITTEE (ITC); TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (TSCA); CHEMICAL TESTING; PRIORITY TESTING LIST; ATSDR; CPSC; CEQ; DOC; DOD; DOI; DOT; EPA; FDA; NCI; NIEHS; NIOSH; NLM; NSF; NTP; OSHA; USDA; USITC C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,TSCA INTERAGCY TESTING COMMITTEE,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1485-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1993 VL 1216 BP 451 EP 509 DI 10.1520/STP13173S PG 59 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BZ53R UT WOS:A1993BZ53R00033 ER PT S AU ZEEMAN, M NABHOLZ, JV CLEMENTS, RG AF ZEEMAN, M NABHOLZ, JV CLEMENTS, RG BE Gorsuch, JW Dwyer, FJ Ingersoll, CG LaPoint, TW TI THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAR QSAR FOR USE UNDER EPAS TOXIC-SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (TSCA) - AN INTRODUCTION SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: 2ND VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Aquatic, Plant, and Terrestrial CY APR 26-30, 1992 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM BIOL EFFECTS & ENVIRONM FATE DE SAR QSAR; TSCA INVENTORY; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; HAZARD TOXICITY PROFILE; RISK ASSESSMENT; NEW INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS; PREMANUFACTURE NOTICE (PMN); AQUATIC TOXICITY C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,ENVIRONM EFFECTS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1485-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1993 VL 1216 BP 523 EP 539 DI 10.1520/STP13175S PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BZ53R UT WOS:A1993BZ53R00035 ER PT S AU BOETHLING, RS AF BOETHLING, RS BE Gorsuch, JW Dwyer, FJ Ingersoll, CG LaPoint, TW TI STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS FOR EVALUATION OF BIODEGRADABILITY IN THE EPAS OFFICE OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND TOXICS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: 2ND VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Aquatic, Plant, and Terrestrial CY APR 26-30, 1992 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM BIOL EFFECTS & ENVIRONM FATE DE STRUCTURE BIODEGRADABILITY RELATIONSHIPS; BIODEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; RISK ASSESSMENT; TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1485-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1993 VL 1216 BP 540 EP 554 DI 10.1520/STP13176S PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BZ53R UT WOS:A1993BZ53R00036 ER PT S AU CLEMENTS, RG NABHOLZ, JV JOHNSON, DE ZEEMAN, MG AF CLEMENTS, RG NABHOLZ, JV JOHNSON, DE ZEEMAN, MG BE Gorsuch, JW Dwyer, FJ Ingersoll, CG LaPoint, TW TI THE USE OF QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS (QSARS) AS SCREENING TOOLS IN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: 2ND VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Aquatic, Plant, and Terrestrial CY APR 26-30, 1992 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM BIOL EFFECTS & ENVIRONM FATE DE TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT; QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS (QSAR); STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS (SAR); ACUTE TOXICITY; CHRONIC TOXICITY; ALGAE TOXICITY; OCTANOL WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT; AQUATIC VERTEBRATES; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS; ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REVIEW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1485-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1993 VL 1216 BP 555 EP 570 DI 10.1520/STP13177S PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BZ53R UT WOS:A1993BZ53R00037 ER PT S AU NABHOLZ, JV CLEMENTS, RG ZEEMAN, MG OSBORN, KC WEDGE, R AF NABHOLZ, JV CLEMENTS, RG ZEEMAN, MG OSBORN, KC WEDGE, R BE Gorsuch, JW Dwyer, FJ Ingersoll, CG LaPoint, TW TI VALIDATION OF STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS USED BY THE USEPAS OFFICE OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND TOXICS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL-HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIAL-CHEMICALS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: 2ND VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Aquatic, Plant, and Terrestrial CY APR 26-30, 1992 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM BIOL EFFECTS & ENVIRONM FATE DE ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS; VALIDATION; AQUATIC TOXICITY; ACUTE TOXICITY; CHRONIC TOXICITY; TOXICITY ASSESSMENT; TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REVIEW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1485-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1993 VL 1216 BP 571 EP 590 DI 10.1520/STP13178S PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BZ53R UT WOS:A1993BZ53R00038 ER PT S AU NEWSOME, LD JOHNSON, DE NABHOLZ, JV AF NEWSOME, LD JOHNSON, DE NABHOLZ, JV BE Gorsuch, JW Dwyer, FJ Ingersoll, CG LaPoint, TW TI QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY PREDICTIONS FOR AMINE TOXICITY TO ALGAE AND DAPHNIDS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: 2ND VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Aquatic, Plant, and Terrestrial CY APR 26-30, 1992 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM BIOL EFFECTS & ENVIRONM FATE DE AQUATIC TOXICITY; QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS; ALGAE; DAPHNIDS; AMINES; LOG-P; CONNECTIVITY INDEXES C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REVIEW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1485-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1993 VL 1216 BP 591 EP 609 DI 10.1520/STP13179S PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BZ53R UT WOS:A1993BZ53R00039 ER PT S AU LIPNICK, RL AF LIPNICK, RL BE Gorsuch, JW Dwyer, FJ Ingersoll, CG LaPoint, TW TI BASE-LINE TOXICITY QSAR MODELS - A MEANS TO ASSESS MECHANISM OF TOXICITY FOR AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND MAMMALS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: 2ND VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Aquatic, Plant, and Terrestrial CY APR 26-30, 1992 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM BIOL EFFECTS & ENVIRONM FATE DE QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS (QSAR); TOXICITY; NARCOSIS; ANESTHESIA; SPANNED SUBSTITUENT SPACE; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS (SAR); AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY; MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REVIEW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1485-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1993 VL 1216 BP 610 EP 619 DI 10.1520/STP13180S PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BZ53R UT WOS:A1993BZ53R00040 ER PT S AU WALKER, JD AF WALKER, JD BE Gorsuch, JW Dwyer, FJ Ingersoll, CG LaPoint, TW TI THE TSCA INTERAGENCY TESTING COMMITTEES ROLE IN FACILITATING DEVELOPMENT OF TEST METHODS - TOXICITY AND BIOCONCENTRATION TESTING OF CHEMICALS ADDED TO SEDIMENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: 2ND VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Aquatic, Plant, and Terrestrial CY APR 26-30, 1992 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM BIOL EFFECTS & ENVIRONM FATE DE TSCA INTERAGENCY TESTING COMMITTEE; TEST METHODS; TOXICITY; BIOCONCENTRATION; TADPOLES; MIDGES; BRANCHED 4-NONYLPHENOL; ANTHRAQUINONE; TETRABROMOBISPHENOL-A; AND OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE C1 US EPA,TSCA INT TESTING COMM TS-792,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1485-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1993 VL 1216 BP 688 EP 722 DI 10.1520/STP13185S PG 35 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BZ53R UT WOS:A1993BZ53R00045 ER PT J AU GULLETT, BK GROFF, PW STEFANSKI, LA AF GULLETT, BK GROFF, PW STEFANSKI, LA TI MIXING QUANTIFICATION BY VISUAL IMAGING ANALYSIS SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article AB This paper reports on development of a method for quantifying two measures of mixing, the scale and intensity of segregation, through flow visualization, video recording, and software analysis. This non-intrusive method analyzes a planar cross section of a flowing system from an instantaneous data record, thereby eliminating the need for statistical analysis of a large number of point measurements at multiple locations throughout the system to characterize the mixing. The method is applied to a cold flow model of a high temperature, gas/solid reactor so that reactor design and operation can be optimized to promote reaction efficiency. This method may be useful for studying a variety of mixing systems in which multiphase components or tracers are visually distinguishable. C1 ACUREX ENVIRONM CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP GULLETT, BK (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PY 1993 VL 15 IS 6 BP 443 EP 451 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA MK625 UT WOS:A1993MK62500009 ER PT J AU BECK, BD CONOLLY, RB DOURSON, ML GUTH, D HATTIS, D KIMMEL, C LEWIS, SC AF BECK, BD CONOLLY, RB DOURSON, ML GUTH, D HATTIS, D KIMMEL, C LEWIS, SC TI IMPROVEMENTS IN QUANTITATIVE NONCANCER RISK ASSESSMENT SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHLOROFORM C1 CIIT,INHALAT TOXICOL & BIOMATH MODELING,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. CLARK UNIV,CENTED,WORCESTER,MA 01610. US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. US EPA,OFF RES & DEV RD689,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. EXXON BIOMED SCI INC,DIV TOXICOL,E MILLSTONE,NJ 08875. RP BECK, BD (reprint author), GRADIENT CORP,44 BRATTLE ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 7 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1006/faat.1993.1001 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KJ572 UT WOS:A1993KJ57200001 PM 8094360 ER PT J AU TEPPER, JS COSTA, DL WINSETT, DW STEVENS, MA DOERFLER, DL WATKINSON, WP AF TEPPER, JS COSTA, DL WINSETT, DW STEVENS, MA DOERFLER, DL WATKINSON, WP TI NEAR-LIFETIME EXPOSURE OF THE RAT TO A SIMULATED URBAN PROFILE OF NITROGEN-DIOXIDE - PULMONARY-FUNCTION EVALUATION SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELASTASE-INDUCED EMPHYSEMA; INDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; RESPIRATORY MECHANICS; LUNG; INHALATION; ANIMALS; OZONE; NO2 C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PULM TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP TEPPER, JS (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM INC,POB 12313,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 20 IS 1 BP 88 EP 96 DI 10.1006/faat.1993.1011 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KJ572 UT WOS:A1993KJ57200011 PM 8432431 ER PT J AU DEVITO, MJ MAIER, WE DILIBERTO, JJ BIRNBAUM, LS AF DEVITO, MJ MAIER, WE DILIBERTO, JJ BIRNBAUM, LS TI COMPARATIVE ABILITY OF VARIOUS PCBS, PCDFS, AND TCDD TO INDUCE CYTOCHROME-P450 1A1 AND 1A2 ACTIVITY FOLLOWING 4 WEEKS OF TREATMENT SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Note ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; MECHANISM; TOXICITY C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,MD-66,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV N CAROLINA,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NR 16 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 20 IS 1 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1006/faat.1993.1015 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KJ572 UT WOS:A1993KJ57200015 PM 8432423 ER PT B AU LANDRETH, RE AF LANDRETH, RE GP IND FABRICS ASSOC INT TI CHEMICAL FINGERPRINTING OF GEOSYNTHETICS, IS THERE STILL A NEED SO GEOSYNTHETICS '93 - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geosynthetics 93 Conference CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP N AMER GEOSYNTHET SOC, IND FABR ASSOC INT, INT GEOTEXTILE SOC C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDUSTRIAL FABRICS ASSOC INT PI ST PAUL PA 345 CEDAR BUILDING, SUITE 450, ST PAUL, MN 55101 PY 1993 BP 1587 EP 1592 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Textiles SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC02Y UT WOS:A1993BC02Y00119 ER PT B AU NIEMANN, BL AF NIEMANN, BL GP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING TI INTEGRATION OF METADATA AND SPACE-TIME-DEPTH VARIABILITIES AND UNCERTAINTIES IN CHESAPEAKE BAY MONITORING DATA FOR IMPROVED VISUALIZATION AND SPATIAL-ANALYSIS SO GIS/LIS '93 PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS/LIS '93 Annual Conference & Exposition CY NOV 02-04, 1993 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING, AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, AM FM INT, ASSOC AMER GEOGRAPHERS, URBAN & REG INFORMAT SYST ASSOC C1 US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM STAT & INFORMAT PM-222B,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 1-57083-000-2 PY 1993 BP 567 EP 576 PG 10 WC Geography; Information Science & Library Science; Urban Studies SC Geography; Information Science & Library Science; Urban Studies GA BZ99A UT WOS:A1993BZ99A00014 ER PT B AU CRISTOFARO, A AF CRISTOFARO, A BE White, JC TI INTEGRATING ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT SO GLOBAL ENERGY STRATEGIES: LIVING WITH RESTRICTED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS SE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Global Energy Strategies: Living with Restricted Greenhouse Gas Emissions CY DEC 08-10, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP CTR ENVIRONM INFORMAT C1 US EPA,DIV AIR & ENERGY POLICY,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-44708-8 J9 ENVIR SCI R PY 1993 VL 47 BP 101 EP 105 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA83G UT WOS:A1993BA83G00014 ER PT S AU VU, VT AF VU, VT BE Guthrie, GD Mossman, BT TI REGULATORY APPROACHES TO REDUCE HUMAN HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURES TO MINERAL FIBERS SO HEALTH EFFECTS OF MINERAL DUSTS SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY LA English DT Review CT SHORT COURSE ON HEALTH EFFECTS OF MINERAL DUSTS CY OCT 22-24, 1993 CL NANTUCKET ISLAND, MA SP MINERAL SOC AMER, GEOL SOC AMER, US DOE, OFF BASIC ENERGY SCI, DIV ENGN & GEOSCI, US DOE, OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM RES, HLTH EFFECTS & LIFE SCI, AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS, US GEOL SURVEY RP VU, VT (reprint author), US EPA,OFF POLLUT & PREVENT & TOX,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0275-0279 BN 0-939950-33-2 J9 REV MINERAL PY 1993 VL 28 BP 545 EP 554 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BZ30X UT WOS:A1993BZ30X00019 ER PT B AU JUTRO, PR AF JUTRO, PR BE McDonnell, MJ Pickett, STA TI HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS - DEALING WITH BIODIVERSITY SO HUMANS AS COMPONENTS OF ECOSYSTEMS: ECOLOGY OF SUBTLE HUMAN EFFECTS AND POPULATED AREAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Cary Conference on Humans as Components of Ecosystems - The Ecology of Subtle Human Effects and Populated Areas CY 1991 CL MILLBROOK, NY SP MARY FLAGLER CARY CHARITABLE TRUST, NATL SCI FDN C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 BN 0-387-94062-6 PY 1993 BP 246 EP 256 PG 11 WC Anthropology; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography; History SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; History GA BB85F UT WOS:A1993BB85F00019 ER PT J AU SMITH, CE KOREN, HS GRAHAM, DG JOHNSON, DA AF SMITH, CE KOREN, HS GRAHAM, DG JOHNSON, DA TI MAST-CELL TRYPTASE IS INCREASED IN THE NASAL AND BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUIDS OF HUMANS AFTER OZONE EXPOSURE SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASTHMATIC SUBJECTS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; ALLERGEN; INFLAMMATION; PURIFICATION; ENHANCEMENT; ANAPHYLAXIS; ACTIVATION; RESPONSES; HISTAMINE AB Human mast cell tryptase, a marker for mast cell degranulation, was immunologically measured in nasal lavage fluids (NALF) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from subjects exposed to 0.4 ppm ozone (O3) for 2 hr with intermittent exercise. Tryptase antigen was significantly elevated in the NALF immediately postexposure to O3 (p = .0008) in comparison to samples taken immediately after exposure to air. Additionally, an examination of data from five subjects, serving as their own controls, revealed elevated tryptase levels immediately postexposure (p = .015) and 18 hr after exposure (p = .026), in comparison to corresponding samples obtained with air exposure. An examination of BALF samples (n = 9) from these same subjects 18 hr after exposure showed that tryptase was significantly (p = .01) elevated. These data suggest that O3 exposure results in mast cell degranulation and that mast cell-derived mediators may contribute to the physiological effects noted with O3 inhalation. C1 E TENNESSEE STATE UNIV,QUILLEN DISHNER COLL MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,JOHNSON CITY,TN 37614. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CLIN RES BRANCH,CELL & MOLEC BIOL SECT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. OI parlak, didem/0000-0001-6086-9427 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 5 IS 1 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.3109/08958379309034497 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KQ828 UT WOS:A1993KQ82800007 ER PT J AU WATKINSON, WP AILERU, AA DOWD, SM DOERFLER, DL TEPPER, JS COSTA, DL AF WATKINSON, WP AILERU, AA DOWD, SM DOERFLER, DL TEPPER, JS COSTA, DL TI ACUTE EFFECTS OF OZONE ON HEART-RATE AND BODY-TEMPERATURE IN THE UNANESTHETIZED, UNRESTRAINED RAT MAINTAINED AT DIFFERENT AMBIENT-TEMPERATURES SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE EXPOSURE; CHLORDIMEFORM; ANIMALS AB The present studies were conducted to investigate the concentration-response characteristics of acute ozone (O3) exposure on the cardiovascular and thermoregulatory function of the unanesthetized, unrestrained rat, and to examine the modulating effects produced by changes in ambient temperature (T(a)) on the induced toxic response. For all studies, groups of male Fischer 344 rats (n = 4-6/group) were implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters and allowed to recover overnight. The transmitters permitted continuous monitoring of electrocardiogram (ECG) and body core temperature (T(co)); heart rate (HR) was derived from the ECG signal. Frequency of breathing (f) was obtained in selected experiments using a barometric plethysmograph. All animals were monitored according to the following protocol: control (filtered air, 0.25 hr); exposure (O3, 2 hr); recovery (filtered air, 3-18 hr). For the concentration-response experiments, O3 concentration was varied from 0.25 to 1.0 ppm and all exposures were conducted at T(a) = 18-20-degrees-C Significant decreases in HR and T(co) were demonstrated at O3 concentrations as low as 0.37 ppm. To investigate the influence of T(a) on the O3-induced response, a second series of experiments was conducted according to the above protocol using a single O3 concentration of 1.0 ppm. Two groups of rats were used for these experiments. The first group of rats was maintained at T(a) = 18-20-degrees-C throughout the experiment and exhibited an average drop of 3.6-degrees-C in T(co) accompanied by a 185 bpm decrease in HR. The second group of rats was maintained at T(a) = 30-32-degrees-C. These rats also showed decreases in T(co) and HR; however, the decreases observed in the higher T(a) group animals were attenuated when compared to those of the lower T(a) group animals and only averaged 0.9-degrees-C and 114 bpm, respectively. In addition to demonstrating significant concentration-related changes in cardiovascular and thermoregulatory function in the conscious, unrestrained rat following acute exposure to O3, these studies illustrate the profound impact exerted by T(a) on this O3-induced response. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP WATKINSON, WP (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,MD-82,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 5 IS 1 BP 129 EP 147 DI 10.3109/08958379309034498 PG 19 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KQ828 UT WOS:A1993KQ82800008 ER PT J AU MARTONEN, TB ZHANG, Z AF MARTONEN, TB ZHANG, Z TI DEPOSITION OF SULFATE ACID AEROSOLS IN THE DEVELOPING HUMAN LUNG SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DEPOSITION; HYGROSCOPIC AEROSOL; INHALED PARTICLES; AIRWAYS; MODELS; GROWTH; AGE AB Computations of aerosol deposition as affected by (1) aerosol hygroscopicity, (2) human age, and (3) respiratory intensity are accomplished using a validated mathematical model. The interactive effects are very complicated but systematic. Few general observations can be made; rather, the findings presented within should be addressed on a case-by-case basis. The behavior of inhaled H2SO4 particles subsequent to water vapor uptake significantly influences their total deposition values and relative spatial distribution patterns within tracheobronchial and pulmonary airways. These results must be accounted for in risk assessment protocols, since compartments of the lung have different clearance processes and sensitivities to toxic materials. There is a critical size in the 0.2-0.4 mum range: For larger particles the influence of hygroscopicity is to increase total deposition, whereas for smaller particles the opposite occurs. The magnitudes of hygroscopic effects can be pronounced; for example, the deposition of 1-mum particles increases from approximately 0.1 to approximately 0.5 in the adult lung for resting conditions. Calculations also establish that subject age and physical activity are critical variables to be incorporated into health effects studies. These are of particular importance since children are a sensitive subpopulation in risk assessment protocols and adult work/exercise levels must be integrated with inhalation exposures. The dosimetric model was developed to provide a scientific basis for extrapolation modeling of factors (1), (2), and (3) in the hazard evaluation of airborne contaminants. C1 UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT MECH ENGN & APPL MECH,KINGSTON,RI 02881. RP MARTONEN, TB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 5 IS 1 BP 165 EP 187 DI 10.3109/08958379309034500 PG 23 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KQ828 UT WOS:A1993KQ82800010 ER PT B AU BARICH, JJ BARTH, EF AF BARICH, JJ BARTH, EF BE Eijsackers, HJ Hammers, T TI SOIL REMEDIATION STUDIES - AN OVERVIEW SO INTEGRATED SOIL AND SEDIMENT RESEARCH: A BASIS FOR PROPER PROTECTION SE SOIL & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st European Conference on Integrated Research for Soil and Sediment Protection and Remediation (EUROSOL) CY SEP 06-12, 1992 CL MAASTRICHT, NETHERLANDS SP COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, DIRECTORATE GEN SCI RES & DEV, NETHERLANDS INTEGRATED SOIL RES PROGRAMME C1 US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM SERV,SEATTLE,WA 98101. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2321-1 J9 SOIL ENVIRONM PY 1993 VL 1 BP 591 EP 595 PG 5 WC Geography; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science SC Geography; Geology; Agriculture GA BZ61Y UT WOS:A1993BZ61Y00124 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, DJ BROOKS, L NISHIOKA, MG LEWTAS, J ZWEIDINGER, RB AF THOMPSON, DJ BROOKS, L NISHIOKA, MG LEWTAS, J ZWEIDINGER, RB TI BIOASSAY AND CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS OF AMBIENT AIR PARTICULATE EXTRACTS FRACTIONATED BY USING NONAQUEOUS ANION-EXCHANGE SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ION-EXCHANGE; PAH; ORGANIC-ACIDS; AMBIENT-AIR-PARTICULATE-EXTRACTS; BIOASSAY-DIRECTED-FRACTIONATION; NONAQUEOUS SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION ID DIESEL-PARTICLE EXTRACTS; DIRECTED FRACTIONATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMPLEX-MIXTURES; ION-EXCHANGE; MUTAGENICITY; IDENTIFICATION; MATTER; ASSAY; CARCINOGENS AB A nonaqueous anion-exchange solid-phase extraction technique has been developed for analyzing particulate extracts of ambient air samples and combustion source samples. The technique has been used for sample preparation and sample prefractionation in bioassay-directed fractionations. This technique employs an anion-exchange resin to separate complex particulate extracts into four discrete fractions, which are characterized as neutral/basic, polar neutral/weak acid, weak acid, and stronger acid components. Two ambient air particulate extracts from Boise, Idaho, were analyzed by the developed method. Both samples contain a high percentage of organic compounds associated with wood combustion. The average recoveries of mass and mutagenicity were 93.7+/- 1.5% and 100.8; pm 2.3%, respectively. Qualitative chemical analysis of the resulting fractions by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed agreement with the chemical class fractionation predicted by the separation of standard reference compounds. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aliphatic carboxylic acids, nitrated phenols and cresols, alkoxy alcohols, and alkoxy phenoxy compounds were some of the compound classes detected; selected PAHs were slightly more abundant in the sample containing higher levels of automotive emissions. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP THOMPSON, DJ (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PY 1993 VL 53 IS 4 BP 321 EP 335 DI 10.1080/03067319308044436 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NP416 UT WOS:A1993NP41600008 ER PT J AU BOYES, WK HETZLER, BE DYER, RS AF BOYES, WK HETZLER, BE DYER, RS TI ACUTE EFFECTS OF ETHANOL ON PATTERN REVERSAL AND FLASH-EVOKED POTENTIALS IN RATS AND THE RELATIONSHIP TO BODY-TEMPERATURE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ETHANOL; VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIAL; BODY TEMPERATURE; RAT ID HOODED RATS; DEPENDENT CHANGES; ALCOHOL; HYPOTHERMIA; BRAIN; CHLORDIMEFORM; EXPOSURE; ALBINO AB The effects of acute ethanol treatment on flash and pattern reversal visual evoked Potentials (FEPs and PREPs, respectively) were examined in three experiments using Long-Evans rats. The relationships of evoked potential parameters with blood ethanol concentration and body temperature were examined. In Experiment 1, rats were treated i.p. with vehicle or 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 g ethanol/kg body weight, and tested 30 min later. The 2.0 g/kg group had prolonged latencies of PREP peaks, no changes in PREP peak-to-peak amplitudes, and lower body temperatures than saline-treated controls. The peak latency shifts were significant y correlated with both blood ethanol concentration and body temperature, and were of a magnitude to be expected from similar changes in body temperature alone. Experiment 2 measured both PREPs and paired-flash FEPs in rats 30 min after injection of either 0, 0.5 or 2.0 g/kg ethanol. PREP changes were found following treatment with the high dose which were similar to those of Experiment 1. Some FEP peak latencies were prolonged and peak-to-peak amplitudes were reduced by both doses of ethanol, despite the fact that body temperatures were reduced at only the high dose. At 2.0 g/kg ethanol, the FEP changes in latency, but not amplitude, were in accordance with what would be expected from body temperature changes alone. The third study attempted to investigate the role of reduced body temperature in producing the visual evoked potential changes by testing at room temperatures of 22 or 30-degrees-C. Contrary to expectations, the rats receiving 2 g/kg ethanol were approx. 1-degrees-C cooler than controls at both room temperatures. Evoked potential latencies were greater in ethanol-treated rats than controls at both room temperatures. There were no significant effects of ethanol on FEP amplitudes. Overall, the effects of low doses of ethanol were independent of temperature changes, but the effects of higher doses of ethanol (2.0 g/kg) could not be distinguished from those produced by differences in body temperature alone. C1 LAWRENCE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,APPLETON,WI 54912. RP BOYES, WK (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8760 J9 INT J PSYCHOPHYSIOL JI Int. J. Psychophysiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 14 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1016/0167-8760(93)90081-Y PG 13 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA KJ940 UT WOS:A1993KJ94000004 PM 8432677 ER PT J AU REBERT, CS BOYES, WK PRYOR, GT SVENSGAARD, DJ KASSAY, KM GORDON, GR SHINSKY, N AF REBERT, CS BOYES, WK PRYOR, GT SVENSGAARD, DJ KASSAY, KM GORDON, GR SHINSKY, N TI COMBINED EFFECTS OF SOLVENTS ON THE RATS AUDITORY-SYSTEM - STYRENE AND TRICHLOROETHYLENE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SOLVENT; OTOTOXICITY; RAT; COMBINED EFFECT; INTERACTION ID SENSORY-EVOKED POTENTIALS; HEARING-LOSS; TOLUENE; BRAIN; INHALATION; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; HEXANE AB Because exposures to toxic agents typically involve more than one substance, it is necessary to know if combined exposures pose different risks than those to single agents. Many solvents have been implicated in central nervous disorders and some of them are known to produce hearing loss, probably mediated by damage to cochlear hair cells. Hearing loss was studied by recording the brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) in male Long Evans rats exposed 8 h/day for 5 days to mixtures of styrene (STY) and trichloroethylene (TCE). Dose groups included air or solvent pairs (STY/TCE) in the following concentrations (ppm): (0:3000), (250:2250), (500:1500), (750:750) and (1000:0). Decreased BAER amplitude, indicative of hearing loss, was correlated with blood levels of total solvent. The effects were as predicted by a linear dose-addition model, indicating neither synergistic nor antagonistic interactions at the concentrations studied. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP REBERT, CS (reprint author), SRI INT,DEPT NEUROSCI,333 RAVENSWOOD AVE,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8760 J9 INT J PSYCHOPHYSIOL JI Int. J. Psychophysiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 14 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1016/0167-8760(93)90083-2 PG 11 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA KJ940 UT WOS:A1993KJ94000006 PM 8432679 ER PT J AU POURMOGHADDAS, H STEVENS, AA KINMAN, RN DRESSMAN, RC MOORE, LA IRELAND, JC AF POURMOGHADDAS, H STEVENS, AA KINMAN, RN DRESSMAN, RC MOORE, LA IRELAND, JC TI EFFECT OF BROMIDE ION ON FORMATION OF HAAS DURING CHLORINATION SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTS AB A two-block full-factorial matrix was designed to statistically evaluate the influence of bromide ion on the formation and speciation of haloacetic acids (HAAs) during chlorination and the effects of independent variables, including pH, reaction time, and chlorine dosage. Almost all of the independent variables were positively correlated with the formation of HAAs. Bromide ion was shown to shift the distribution of HAAs (as well as trihalomethanes) to more brominated species. Not only were purely brominated acetic acids formed, but also mixed bromine and chlorine species-which were measured for the first time. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP POURMOGHADDAS, H (reprint author), UNIV MED SCI HEZAR GIRIB,ESFAHAN,IRAN. NR 16 TC 95 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 85 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA KH408 UT WOS:A1993KH40800013 ER PT J AU MARTONEN, TB YANG, Y AF MARTONEN, TB YANG, Y TI SIMULATION OF AEROSOL DEPOSITION IN EXTRATHORACIC AND LARYNGEAL PASSAGES OF THE LABORATORY RAT SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE AEROSOLS; NASAL; AIRWAY; MODELS AB Laboratory animals are used as human surrogates for inhalation exposures with toxicology and aerosol therapy applications. The data are then extrapolated to human conditions. However, before inhaled particles can enter the lung they must penetrate the upstream extrathoracic (ET) and laryngeal (L) airways. Only a paucity of data exist which quantitate factors affecting aerosol deposition in the ET and L regions of laboratory animals. We have examined data from the literature, sought commonality and analysed the findings from the perspective of deposition. Herein, we have accomplished the following tasks for the rat, the most commonly-used experimental animal. (1) For ultrafine aerosols ( < 0. 1 mum), an original empirical formula is derived for ET and L deposition during the inspiratory phase of a breath. By accounting for filtering efficiencies of proximal regions, the formula can be integrated into future mathematical models of ambient particle behavior within the lung. (2) For an aerosol size spectrum of four orders in magnitude (0.001-10 mum), an original empirical formula is presented which describes ET and L losses in vivo during a complete breath. The formula is intended for toxicologists and pharmacologists to estimate ET and L doses during inhalation exposures. (3) By comparing in vitro and in vivo deposition data, we have demonstrated that ET and L casts are suitable simulators of animal airways for ultrafine (<0.1 mum) inhaled particles but are not appropriate for large (> 1 mum) particles. When this information is coupled with human data (Martonen and Zhang, 1992, J. Aerosol Sci. 23, 667-674) future animal experiments can be performed with extrapolation in mind for the improvement of risk assessment protocols and pharmaceutical regimens. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP MARTONEN, TB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 24 IS 1 BP 103 EP 113 DI 10.1016/0021-8502(93)90087-P PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KP708 UT WOS:A1993KP70800007 ER PT J AU TANG, PH HO, JS EICHELBERGER, JW AF TANG, PH HO, JS EICHELBERGER, JW TI DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN REAGENT WATER BY LIQUID SOLID EXTRACTION FOLLOWED BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID ELUTION SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MATRICES AB A selected group of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, and phthalate esters in reagent water containing no particulate matter were separated and identified by liquid-solid extraction and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The water sample is first passed through a cartridge or disk containing a solid matrix coated with a chemically bonded C18 organic phase capable of extracting those organic compounds. The cartridge or the disk is then eluted with supercritical carbon dioxide to remove the compounds from the sorbent. Finally, the extract is injected into a capillary column gas chromatographic/quadruple mass spectrometric system. The precisions, percent recoveries of analytes using solvent elution, and percent recoveries using SFE are compared. The total analysis time is greatly reduced by using disk extraction and SFE in place of cartridge extraction and liquid-solvent elution. In addition, the waste solvent generated was minimized by using SFE. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP TANG, PH (reprint author), TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 8 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 76 IS 1 BP 72 EP 82 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KG911 UT WOS:A1993KG91100015 PM 8448448 ER PT J AU BELOIAN, A AF BELOIAN, A TI DISINFECTANTS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP BELOIAN, A (reprint author), US EPA,DIV BIOL & ECON ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 76 IS 1 BP 97 EP 98 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KG911 UT WOS:A1993KG91100020 ER PT J AU DUFOUR, AP AF DUFOUR, AP TI WATER MICROBIOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP DUFOUR, AP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 76 IS 1 BP 160 EP 160 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KG911 UT WOS:A1993KG91100060 ER PT J AU KOLLIG, HP KITCHENS, BE HAMRICK, KJ AF KOLLIG, HP KITCHENS, BE HAMRICK, KJ TI FATE, THE ENVIRONMENTAL FATE CONSTANTS INFORMATION DATABASE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB An online database, FATE, has been developed for the interactive retrieval of kinetic and equilibrium constants that are needed for assessing the fate of chemicals in the environment. The database contains values for up to 12 parameters for each chemical. As of December 199 1, FATE contained values for about 200 chemicals. FATE is unique in that experimental data are extracted only from primary references. Pertinent experimental conditions are included in the database to support the credibility and applicability of a value. Transformation products are included when they are available. A new computer program is used to extrapolate measured hydrolysis rate constant data to a standard format. Acidic, basic, and neutral contributions are combined to calculate the overall hydrolysis rate constant, k(h), and the half-life of the chemical at 25-degrees-C and pH 7. The data are reported as second-order acidic and basic rates and a first-order neutral rate at 25-degrees-C. A new computerized expert system will be applied to compute fate constant values that are more reliable than many measured values. The expert system has the capability of crossing chemical boundaries to cover all organic compounds. C1 US EPA,COMP SCI CORP,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP KOLLIG, HP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 131 EP 134 DI 10.1021/ci00011a019 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA KJ615 UT WOS:A1993KJ61500020 ER PT J AU LEE, SD AF LEE, SD TI MULTIMEDIA RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT (REPRINTED FROM TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH, VOL 7, PG 329-333, 1991) SO JOURNAL OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Reprint RP LEE, SD (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1052-1062 J9 J CLEAN TECHNOL ENV JI J. Clean Technol. Environ. Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LB304 UT WOS:A1993LB30400005 ER PT J AU RICE, EW COVERT, TC WILD, DK BERMAN, D JOHNSON, SA JOHNSON, CH AF RICE, EW COVERT, TC WILD, DK BERMAN, D JOHNSON, SA JOHNSON, CH TI COMPARATIVE RESISTANCE OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI AND ENTEROCOCCI TO CHLORINATION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL LA English DT Article AB Pure cultures of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium were inactivated by free chlorine and monochloramine. Indigenous E. coli and enterococci in wastewater effluents were also inactivated. Selective bacteriological media specifically designed for the enumeration of the target microbes were utilized in the study. Results show that enterococci are more resistant than E. coli to chlorine disinfection. C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP RICE, EW (reprint author), US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1077-1204 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control PY 1993 VL A28 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KD987 UT WOS:A1993KD98700007 ER PT J AU CLARK, RM REGLI, S AF CLARK, RM REGLI, S TI DEVELOPMENT OF GIARDIA C.T VALUES FOR THE SURFACE-WATER TREATMENT RULE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE; INACTIVATION; LAMBLIA; CYSTS AB As a consequence of the 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) the U.S. EPA has issued a Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) for systems using surface and ground waters under the direct influence of surface water. In the Guidance Manual to the SWTR, the EPA recommends C.t values (product of disinfection concentration in milligrams per liter and disinfectant contact time in minutes) for different disinfectants to achieve required levels of inactivation for Giardia lamblia. This paper describes the procedure by which C.t values were calculated for Giardia lamblia by chlorine disinfection in the SWTR. A model has been developed which can be used to approximate the C.t values that are embodied in the SWTR. It was found that C.t values increased due to higher pH, the level of inactivation required, and chlorine concentration, and were inversely related to temperature. C1 US EPA,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP CLARK, RM (reprint author), DIV DRINKING WATER RES,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1077-1204 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control PY 1993 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1081 EP 1097 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LD837 UT WOS:A1993LD83700008 ER PT J AU SAFFERMAN, SI BAUDGRASSET, S BRACKETT, KA CLARK, PJ BISHOP, PL AF SAFFERMAN, SI BAUDGRASSET, S BRACKETT, KA CLARK, PJ BISHOP, PL TI SYSTEMATIC SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUE FOR EVALUATING COMBINED BIOLOGICAL GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON TREATMENT PROCESSES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL LA English DT Article DE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE; GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON; BIOFILM; FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR ID MEDIA AB A systematic scanning electron microscope analytical technique has been developed to examine granular activated carbon used as a medium for biomass attachment in liquid waste treatment. The procedure allows for the objective monitoring, comparing, and trouble shooting of combined processes by direct visual examination of the biomass's attachment characteristics and rating key criteria that have been found to have the greatest effect on the process's performance. These criteria include the surface characteristics of the carbon; the quantity, type, and position of the biomass; and the amount of unidentifiable material. A set of instructions along with a set of reference photographs that illustrate the rating scale of each criteria were developed as was a standard data recording form. Several investigators rated samples from a variety of bioreactors to verify the practicality and quality of the technique. A comparison of the individual ratings indicated a significant correlation with each other as well as with the reactor's operating status. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US EPA,TEST & EVALUAT FACIL,INT TECHNOL CORP,CINCINNATI,OH 45204. RP SAFFERMAN, SI (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1077-1204 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control PY 1993 VL 28 IS 10 BP 2239 EP 2262 PG 24 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MN063 UT WOS:A1993MN06300005 ER PT J AU ZEID, MMA ELBAROUTY, G ABDELREHEIM, E BLANCATO, J DARY, C ELSEBAE, AH SALEH, MA AF ZEID, MMA ELBAROUTY, G ABDELREHEIM, E BLANCATO, J DARY, C ELSEBAE, AH SALEH, MA TI MALATHION DISPOSITION IN DERMALLY AND ORALLY TREATED RATS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE BLOOD-SERUM ACETYLCHOLINE ESTERASE AND PROTEIN PROFILE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE MALATHION; ORAL AND DERMAL TREATMENT; DISPOSITION; SERUM PROTEINS ACHE AB C-14-methoxy-malathion with either pure or 50% E.C. formulated malathion were applied orally or dermally at one tenth of their LD50 to two batches of male albino rats. More than 90% of C-14 was released with urine after 24 hours. The rest of C-14 was detected in the feces, blood, intestines, liver and kidney in a descending order. No significant C-14 was detected in other organs. Comparing the oral pure and formulated malathion treatments , there was no significant variation in the rate of disposition or excretion of C-14-malathion. However, the dermal treatment revealed that the C-14-formulated malathion was released faster than the pure one in urine in the first 24 hours; while the C-14-pure malathion showed relatively higher levels in the feces and blood in the first 24 hours. In a third batch of male albino rats , the effect of the same level of dermal treatment by either pure or 50% E.C. formulated malathion on serum acetylcholine-esterase (A.Ch. E.) activity and serum protein profile was studied. The serum A.Ch. E. activity was found to be inhibited to 40% activity after 6 to 24 hours for both treatments. However, after 96 hours the serum of the pure malathion treated rats showed full recovery of A.Ch. E. activity, while the formulated malathion treated showed only 60 % activity. The SDS-PAGE analysis showed a differentiation in the serum protein bands of the 48 hours exposed rats to formulated malathion which was confirmed by the scanned gel profile. The FPLC integrated chromatograms proved an initiation of a new protein band accompanied with rearrangement of the albumin and pre-albumin bands. Thus it can be concluded that, the impact on the blood serum protein profile and A.Ch. E. activity can be used as reliable criteria to detect acute toxicity of malathion and other choline-esterase inhibitors in exposed field workers. Further research is needed to elucidate the specificity and sensitivity of such criteria as biomarkers for human exposure. C1 US EPA,ENV MONIT SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89114. UNIV ALEXANDRIA,FAC AGR,DEPT PESTICIDES CHEM & TOXICOL,ALEXANDRIA,EGYPT. TEXAS SO UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ENVIRONM CHEM & TOXICOL LAB,HOUSTON,TX 77004. CAIRO UNIV,FAC AGR,DEPT BIOCHEM,GIZA,EGYPT. OI Blancato, Jerry/0000-0002-7023-5767 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1993 VL 28 IS 4 BP 413 EP 430 DI 10.1080/03601239309372833 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LG720 UT WOS:A1993LG72000003 ER PT J AU SALEH, MA ABOUZIED, M ELBAROTY, G ABDELREHEIM, E ABDELRAHMAN, F WALLACE, C ELSEBAE, AH BLANCATO, JN AF SALEH, MA ABOUZIED, M ELBAROTY, G ABDELREHEIM, E ABDELRAHMAN, F WALLACE, C ELSEBAE, AH BLANCATO, JN TI GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID RADIORECEPTOR-ASSAY - A POSSIBLE BIOMARKER FOR HUMAN EXPOSURE TO CERTAIN AGROCHEMICALS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE GAMMA AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; RADIORECEPTOR ASSAY; ENDOSULFAN; CYCLODIENES; BIOMARKER; HUMAN EXPOSURE; HUMAN BLOOD; RAT; GOAT; COW; CATFISH ID CHLORIDE IONOPHORE; RECEPTOR COMPLEX; GABA; TOXICITY; BRAIN; ANTAGONISTS; BINDING; MICE; FISH AB Cyclodiene insecticides, hexachlorocyclohexanes, pyrethroids, bicyclophosphates, the bicycloorthocarboxylate insecticides and some of their metabolites and environmental degradation products are central nervous system toxicants with high specific binding affinity to the chloride channel of the gamma- aminobutyric acid (GABA)(A) receptor-ionophore sites. [S-35] tertiary-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) with specific activity higher than 60 Ci/mmole has a high binding affinity to the same sites and is now commercially available and can be used to label the. GABA(A) receptor for the development of a radioreceptor assay technique. The GABA receptor was prepared by ultra centrifugation and dialysis of brain homogenates of either cow, goat, rat or catfish. The receptor was then labeled with [S-35] TBPS and the assay was conducted by measuring the displacement of radioactivity following incubation with samples containing the analytes. A radioreceptor assay protocol was developed to measure the amount of the alpha-endosulfan in blood samples. The assay was extremely sensitive, and can detect 0.2 nM of endosulfan at a level equivalent to 0.08 ppb or 8x10(-11) gm of endosulfan in each ml of the blood samples. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. RP SALEH, MA (reprint author), TEXAS SO UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ENVIRONM CHEM & TOXICOL LAB,HOUSTON,TX 77004, USA. OI elbaroty, gamal/0000-0001-7738-9681; Abd El Baky, Hanaa/0000-0002-3379-2572; Blancato, Jerry/0000-0002-7023-5767 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1993 VL 28 IS 6 BP 687 EP 699 DI 10.1080/03601239309372848 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MF916 UT WOS:A1993MF91600004 PM 8270763 ER PT J AU ELSEBAE, AH ABDELGHANY, ME SHALLOWAY, D ABOUZEID, MM BLANCATO, J SALEH, MA AF ELSEBAE, AH ABDELGHANY, ME SHALLOWAY, D ABOUZEID, MM BLANCATO, J SALEH, MA TI ALUMINUM INTERACTION WITH HUMAN BRAIN TAU-PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION BY VARIOUS KINASES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE ALUMINUM; ALZHEIMERS DISEASE; ATP; GTP; MICROTUBULE ASSOCIATED PROTEIN (TAU); HUMAN BRAIN; HISTONE; HYPERPHOSPHORYLATION; P34; PKP; PKC KINASES ID MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; BOVINE BRAIN; RAT-BRAIN; NEUROFILAMENTS; PURIFICATION; ACCUMULATION; INHIBITION; STATE AB Phosphorylation is an indispensable process for energy and signal transduction in biological systems. AlCl3 at 10 nM to 10 uM range activated in-vitro [gamma-P-32]ATP phosphorylation of the brain (tau) Upsilon protein in both normal human or E.coli expressed Upsilon forms; in the presence of the kinases P34, PKP, and PKC. However, higher concentrations of ALCl(3) inhibited the Upsilon phosphorylation with P34, PKP, and PKC to a maximum at 1 mM level. AlCl3 at 100 uM to 500 uM range induced non-enzymatic phosphorylation of Upsilon with gamma-ATP, gamma-GTP, and alpha-GTP. A1C1, activated histone phosphorylation by P34 in a similar pattern. The hyperphosphorylation of Upsilon by Al3+ was accompanied by molecular shift and mobility retardation in SDS-PAGE. This may demonstrate the mechanism of the longterm neurological effect of Al3+ in human brain leading to the formation of the neurofibrillary tangles related to Alzheimer's disease. C1 CORNELL UNIV,BIOCHEM MOLEC & CELL BIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. ALEXANDRIA UNIV,FAC AGR,ALEXANDRIA,EGYPT. AL-AZHAR UNIV,FAC SCI,CAIRO,EGYPT. RP ELSEBAE, AH (reprint author), TEXAS SO UNIV,ENVIRONM CHEM & TOXICOL LAB,HOUSTON,TX 77004, USA. OI Blancato, Jerry/0000-0002-7023-5767 NR 39 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1993 VL 28 IS 6 BP 763 EP 777 DI 10.1080/03601239309372852 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MF916 UT WOS:A1993MF91600008 PM 8270765 ER PT J AU FIELD, MS AF FIELD, MS TI KARST HYDROLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID CARBONATE AQUIFERS; CONDUIT FLOW; WATER; TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS; CAVE AB Ground-water flow in karst aquifers is very different from flow in granular or fractured aquifers. Karst ground-water flow is often turbulent within discrete conduits that are convergent in their upper reaches and may be divergent in their very lower reaches, simulating the flow pattern of surface water streams that are dendritic or trellised but with discharge to one or more springs. Significant precipitation events tend to flood karst aquifers quickly, causing a rapid rise in the potentiometric surface that may flood older, higher levels which discharge to a different set of springs. The epikarstic zone in karst terranes stores and directs infiltrating water down discrete percolation points. Chemical contamination may be fed directly to a karst aquifer via overland flow to a sinkhole with little or no attenuation and may contaminate down-gradient wells, springs, and sinkholes within a few hours or a few days. Contaminants may also become temporarily stored in the epikarstic zone for eventual release to the aquifer. Flood pulses may flush the contaminants to cause transiently higher levels of contamination in the aquifer and discharge points. The convergent nature of flow in karst aquifers may result in contaminants becoming concentrated in conduits. Once contaminants have reached the subsurface conduits, they are likely to be rapidly transported to spring outlets. Traditional aquifer remediation techniques for contaminated aquifers are less applicable to karst aquifers. RP FIELD, MS (reprint author), US EPA,EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT GRP RD689,OFF RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU BAYWOOD PUBL CO INC PI AMITYVILLE PA 26 AUSTIN AVE, AMITYVILLE, NY 11701 SN 0047-2433 J9 J ENVIRON SYST PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.2190/X7MV-C93E-66GK-BFH7 PG 26 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MX676 UT WOS:A1993MX67600001 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, FG INYANG, HI MYERS, VB AF WRIGHT, FG INYANG, HI MYERS, VB TI RISK REDUCTION THROUGH REGULATORY CONTROL OF WASTE-DISPOSAL FACILITY SITING SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Structural failure of hazardous waste management facilities and consequent undesirable environmental and human health effects can result from natural and human-made hazards in sensitive environments. Potential hazards include catastrophic release of toxic materials into water, soil, and air; rapid and widespread transport of hazardous contaminants; and impracticable cleanup measures. Site-specific factors and facility type control the magnitude of the above-stated risks. Various approaches can be adopted to minimize potential facility damages and environmental degradation, including control of the facility's location and design conservatism. Since a host of economic and administrative factors are important to hazardous waste facility siting, the provision of incentives to facility planners to adopt good siting practices may enhance the implementation of siting plans that reduce risk. Several environments are assessed for their sensitivity to damages from hazardous waste installations. Measures of minimizing risk through location and design controls are discussed. C1 US EPA,OS-5303W,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU BAYWOOD PUBL CO INC PI AMITYVILLE PA 26 AUSTIN AVE, AMITYVILLE, NY 11701 SN 0047-2433 J9 J ENVIRON SYST PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MX676 UT WOS:A1993MX67600002 ER PT J AU DAVIS, WR AF DAVIS, WR TI THE ROLE OF BIOTURBATION IN SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION AND ITS INTERACTION WITH PHYSICAL SHEARING SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BENTHIC; BIOTURBATION; ENTRAINMENT; INFAUNA; RESUSPENSION; SEDIMENT; SHEAR ID BASIN AB Marine benthic fauna play an important role in governing sediment-water relationships, including resuspension of particle-borne contaminants. Constant burrowing and subsurface deposit-feeding tend to eject sediment into overlying water, break up the cohesive structure of silt-clay sediment, increase sediment-water content, and increase physical resuspension. Experimental evidence shows that resuspension of sediment is influenced by shear stress at the sediment-water interface and/or by the type, abundance and reworking time of infauna. Resuspension by biota was investigated by monitoring the turbidity of excurrent water of deposit-feeding species. The interaction between biota and physical shear in sediment resuspension was measured using an annular flume and a flume-calibrated Particle Entrainment Simulator. Sediment resuspension, in the absence of physical shear, was caused by Yoldia, Macoma, and Pectinaria during the disposal of pseudofeces (20 mg/min per individual Yoldia at 20-degrees-C. The presence of motile deposit-feeders also destabilized cohesive sediment and thus increased physical resuspension. The bivalve Nucula at least doubled physical resuspension at shear values above 2 dyne/cm2. Infaunal activities such as feeding, locomotion and habitat development resulted in direct resuspension and modified physical resuspension. Total resuspension with respect to time (R(t)dt) was found to equal the sum of a physical resuspension term (R(p)), a biological term (R(b)) and a physical-biological interaction term (R(pb)). While all terms are time-varying R(p) varies as a function of currents, depth and wave height and the biological terms vary with species, abundance and activity rates (temperature). RP DAVIS, WR (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 20 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PY 1993 VL 171 IS 2 BP 187 EP 200 DI 10.1016/0022-0981(93)90003-7 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MF299 UT WOS:A1993MF29900003 ER PT J AU WALLACE, L PELLIZZARI, E GORDON, S AF WALLACE, L PELLIZZARI, E GORDON, S TI A LINEAR-MODEL RELATING BREATH CONCENTRATIONS TO ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES - APPLICATION TO A CHAMBER STUDY OF 4 VOLUNTEERS EXPOSED TO VOLATILE ORGANIC-CHEMICALS SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A linear model relating levels of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in exhaled breath to personal exposures at environmental (parts per billion) levels has been developed and evaluated in a chamber study of four human volunteers. The purpose of the model is to allow estimation of VOC concentrations in the body from measurements of exposure, or conversely to estimate previous exposure from a measurement of exhaled breath. The model differs from previous models in considering long-term inhalation al low or moderate concentrations rather than instantaneous intake (as in drug administration) or intermittent exposure at high concentrations (as in occupational situations). The model is based on a mass balance approach using one or more compartments to represent distribution of the chemical in the body. The main observable parameters in the model are the residence times tau(i) in the compartments, their ''capacities '' A(i), and the fraction f of the parent compound that is exhaled under equilibrium conditions. The basic equations for the one-, two-, three-, and n-compartment cases are derived. Solutions to these equations for the cases of a sudden constant high exposure, a sudden constant low exposure, and a linearly increasing exposure are provided. These solutions can be readily applied to more complex exposure scenarios. The chamber study suggests residence times on the order of a few minutes in the blood and 1-2 hr in the vessel-rich group of tissues. It also provides an upper-limit estimate of about 6-8 hr in the vessel-poor group of tissues. The design of the chamber study did not allow an estimate of the model parameters for fat; a subsequent chamber study has provided initial estimates of 50-100 hr. Field studies of personal exposures and breath concentrations of several hundred persons suggest values of f ranging from 0.1 for xylenes and ethylbenzene to about 0.9 for tetrachloroethylene. RP WALLACE, L (reprint author), US EPA,EPIC,BLDG 166,BICHER RD,VINT HILL FARMS STN,WARRENTON,VA 22091, USA. OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 0 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 9 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 75 EP 102 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LC560 UT WOS:A1993LC56000005 PM 8518547 ER PT J AU VELLEUX, ML RATHBUN, JE KREIS, RG MARTIN, JL MAC, MJ TUCHMAN, ML AF VELLEUX, ML RATHBUN, JE KREIS, RG MARTIN, JL MAC, MJ TUCHMAN, ML TI INVESTIGATION OF CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT FROM THE SAGINAW CONFINED DISPOSAL-FACILITY SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MATHEMATICAL MODELS; BIOMONITORING; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; PCBS ID BIOACCUMULATION; SEDIMENTS AB Pilot biomonitoring and modeling studies were conducted at the Saginaw Confined Disposal Facility (CDF), Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, during 1987 to develop methods to assess the potential for or magnitude of 1) contaminant transport from the dike interior to the outside environment, 2) impacts of CDF disposal on the water column and sediments, and 3) impacts of CDF disposal on aquatic biota living in the outdike zone. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were selected for study due to their presence in the sediments of the Saginaw River/Bay ecosystem. A mathematical model of near-field contaminant transport through the dike walls was constructed. Model predictions indicate that the rate of contaminant transport through the dike is expected to be small, amounting to less than 0.25 kg of PCBs after 5,000 days of simulation. A mathematical model of the far-field impacts of CDF transport was also constructed. Model predictions indicate that the incremental increase in steady-state, water column PCB concentrations in Saginaw Bay is expected to be approximately 0.05 ng/L per kg of PCB transported from the CDF. A biomonitoring program was developed to assess contaminant transport through dike walls and its impact on contaminant concentrations in biological tissues. Distinct transport of contaminants through the dike walls was not demonstrated using the biomonitoring approach. C1 US EPA,GROSSE ILE,MI 48138. ASCI CORP,ENVIRONM RES LAB ATHENS,ATHENS,GA 30613. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. US EPA,DIV WATER,REGION 5,CHICAGO,IL 60604. RP VELLEUX, ML (reprint author), ASCI CORP,LARGE LAKES RES STN,9311 GROH RD,GROSSE ILE,MI 48138, USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1993 VL 19 IS 1 BP 158 EP 174 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KX006 UT WOS:A1993KX00600010 ER PT J AU MAKAREWICZ, JC BERTRAM, P AF MAKAREWICZ, JC BERTRAM, P TI SPECIAL ISSUE OF THE JOURNAL OF GREAT-LAKES RESEARCH - EVIDENCE FOR THE RESTORATION OF THE LAKE ERIE ECOSYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA,GREAT LAKES NATL PROGRAM OFF,CHICAGO,IL. RP MAKAREWICZ, JC (reprint author), SUNY COLL BROCKPORT,DEPT BIOL SCI,BROCKPORT,NY 14420, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1993 VL 19 IS 2 BP 197 EP 197 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LN307 UT WOS:A1993LN30700001 ER PT J AU BERTRAM, PE AF BERTRAM, PE TI TOTAL PHOSPHORUS AND DISSOLVED-OXYGEN TRENDS IN THE CENTRAL BASIN OF LAKE ERIE, 1970-1991 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE LAKE ERIE; PHOSPHORUS; OXYGEN ID GREAT-LAKES; MODEL; DEPLETION AB Five yearly estimators of total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in the central basin of Lake Erie from 1970 to 1986 were calculated and compared to evaluate their utility in the assessment of long term trends. Data were selected from stations within a defined polygon for those years in which at least four surveys were conducted, including spring and fall isothermal conditions and at least two surveys during stratification. Included were an arithmetic average of all survey means during each year, a time-weighted average of all survey means, a spring (isothermal) average, a summer (stratified) average, and an autumn (isothermal) average. The rate of decline in TP concentrations from the spring-only estimator (-0.276 mug TP L-1 yr-1) was similar to that of the time-weighted multiple survey estimator (-0.214 mug TP L-1 yr-1). Additional spring survey data from 1987 through 1991 confirmed that the negative trend continued. The stratified season and the autumn-only estimators exhibited no significant trends, but were biased low and high, respectively, relative to the spring and multiple survey estimators. Despite the reductions in TP concentrations since 1970, the annual normalized rate o oxygen depletion in the hypolimnion of the central basin showed only a slight downward trend (-0.03 mg L-1 mo-1). In 1988 and 1989, however, the depletion rates were lower than any reported during the previous 20 years. RP BERTRAM, PE (reprint author), US EPA,GREAT LAKES NATL PROGRAM OFF,77 W JACKSON BLVD,CHICAGO,IL 60604, USA. NR 30 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 6 U2 24 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1993 VL 19 IS 2 BP 224 EP 236 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LN307 UT WOS:A1993LN30700005 ER PT J AU ESTERBY, SR BERTRAM, PE AF ESTERBY, SR BERTRAM, PE TI COMPATIBILITY OF SAMPLING AND LABORATORY PROCEDURES EVALUATED FOR THE 1985 3-SHIP INTERCOMPARISON STUDY ON LAKE ERIE SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE QUALITY ASSURANCE; WATER QUALITY; LAKE ERIE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AB To update the information concerning data intercomparability from Great Lakes monitoring programs, a three-ship laboratory comparison was conducted on the central basin (mid-lake) of Lake Erie in August 1985, in which eight water quality parameters were measured Participating were ships operated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Ohio State University, and Environment Canada. Two separate comparison studies were conducted, the first to identify that portion of variability due to analytical variability (AV), and the second to assess the overall variability (OV) in whole-ship operations, including water sampling procedures at two depths, epilimnion and hypolimnion. In general, differences in mean levels were due primarily to laboratory procedures, with significant differences occurring between at least one pair of laboratories for every parameter. For all parameters, except chloride and nitrate plus nitrite, these differences ranged from 30 to nearly 100 percent of the mean in the water layer with the lower concentration and from 12 to 95 percent in the layer with higher concentration. The results for some parameters were overly precise for one or more laboratories, which led to differences as small as 3 to 6 percent of the mean being significant (nitrate plus nitrite and chloride). However, large laboratory differences were observed for soluble reactive silica even though laboratory precision was high. These results are discussed in view of the quality assurance program of the EPA laboratory, the August 1985 monitoring of central basin stations by the three agencies, and the magnitude of changes in total phosphorus in Lake Erie over time. It is concluded that, although at least one laboratory exhibited precision better than that of the 1985 monitoring program, the differences between laboratories estimated from the intercomparison study are large enough to be of practical significance and thus careful consideration is necessary before combining results from monitoring programs of the different agencies. C1 US EPA,GREAT LAKES NATL PROGRAM OFF,CHICAGO,IL 60604. RP ESTERBY, SR (reprint author), NATL WATER RES INST BRANCH,LAKES RES BRANCH,BURLINGTON L7R 4A6,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1993 VL 19 IS 2 BP 400 EP 417 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LN307 UT WOS:A1993LN30700020 ER PT J AU DEMPSEY, CR OPPELT, ET AF DEMPSEY, CR OPPELT, ET TI INCINERATION OF HAZARDOUS-WASTE - A CRITICAL-REVIEW UPDATE SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; COMBUSTION PRODUCTS; EMISSIONS AB Over the last 15 years, concern over improper disposal practices of the past has manifested itself in the passage of a series of federal and state-level hazardous waste cleanup and control statutes of unprecedented scope. As a result, there has been a significant modification of waste management practices. The more traditional and lowest-cost methods of direct landfilling, storage in surface impoundments and deep-well injection are being replaced in large measure by waste minimization at the source of generation, waste reuse, physical/chemical/biological treatment, incineration and chemical stabilization/solidification methods. Of all of the ''permanent'' treatment technologies, properly designed incineration systems are capable of the highest overall degree of destruction and control for the broadest range of hazardous waste streams. Substantial design and operational experience exists in this area and a wide variety of commercial systems are available. Consequently, significant growth is anticipated in the use of incineration and other thermal destruction methods. The objective of this review is to examine the current state of knowledge regarding hazardous waste incineration in an effort to put these technological and environmental issues into perspective. RP DEMPSEY, CR (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 274 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 3 U2 19 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 43 IS 1 BP 25 EP 73 PG 49 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KJ113 UT WOS:A1993KJ11300003 ER PT J AU WILSHIRE, FW KNOLL, JE WARD, TE AF WILSHIRE, FW KNOLL, JE WARD, TE TI AN EVALUATION OF POSSIBLE BIASES IN THE UNITED-STATES EPA METHOD 101A-MERCURY EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note C1 US EPA,AREAL,MRDD,SMRB,GASEOUS POLLUTANT MEASUREMENT SECT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP WILSHIRE, FW (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,DIV METHODS RES & DEV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 43 IS 1 BP 117 EP 119 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KJ113 UT WOS:A1993KJ11300010 ER PT J AU LIN, ELC MATTOX, JK DANIEL, FB AF LIN, ELC MATTOX, JK DANIEL, FB TI TISSUE DISTRIBUTION, EXCRETION, AND URINARY METABOLITES OF DICHLOROACETIC ACID IN THE MALE FISCHER 344 RAT SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; REACTION-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER; STRAND BREAKS; MOUSE-LIVER; MUTAGENICITY; INDUCTION; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; CARCINOGENICITY AB The disposition of dichloroacetic acid (DCA) was investigated in Fischer 344 rats over the 48 h after oral gavage of 282 mg/kg of 1- or 2-[C-14]-DCA (1-DCA or 2-DCA) and 28.2 mg/kg of 2-DCA. DCA was absorbed quickly, and the major route of disposition was through exhalation of carbon dioxide and elimination in the urine. The dispositions of 1- and 2-DCA at 282 mg/kg were similar With 2-DCA, the disposition differed with dose in that the percentage of the dose expired as carbon dioxide decreased from 34.4% (28.2 mg/kg) to 25.0% (282 mg/kg), while the percentage of the radioactivity excreted in the urine increased from 12.7 to 35.2%. This percentage increase in the urinary excretion was mostly attributable to the presence of unmetabolized DCA, which comprised more than 20% at the higher dose and less than 1% at the lower dose. The major urinary metabolites were glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid, and oxalic acid. DCA and its metabolites accumulated in the tissues and were eliminated slowly. After 48 h, 36.4%, 26.2%, and 20.8% of the dose was retained in the tissues of rats administered 28.2 and 282 mg/kg of 2-DCA and 282 mg/kg of 1-DCA, respectively. Of the organs examined, the liver (4.9-7.9% of dose) and muscle (4.5-9.9%) contained the most radioactivity, followed by skin (3.3-4.5%), blood (1.4-2.6%), and intestines (1.0-1.7%). One metabolIte, glyoxylic acid, which is mutagenic, might be responsible for or contribute to the carcinogenicity of DCA. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP LIN, ELC (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD JAN PY 1993 VL 38 IS 1 BP 19 EP 32 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA KH542 UT WOS:A1993KH54200002 PM 8421320 ER PT B AU MORGENSTERN, RD AF MORGENSTERN, RD BE Uman, MF TI SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND REGULATION SO KEEPING PACE WITH SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: CASE STUDIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Regulation: Accommodating Changing Scientific, Engineering, and Economic Understanding CY FEB 11-12, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP NATL ACAD ENGN C1 US EPA,OFF POLICY ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, PO BOX 285, WASHINGTON, DC 20055 BN 0-309-04938-5 PY 1993 BP 243 EP 250 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BA21V UT WOS:A1993BA21V00009 ER PT J AU CUMMINGS, AM AF CUMMINGS, AM TI REPLACEMENT OF ESTROGEN BY METHOXYCHLOR IN THE ARTIFICIALLY-INDUCED DECIDUAL CELL RESPONSE IN THE RAT SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FEMALE RATS; IMPLANTATION; METABOLITES; UTERUS; MOUSE AB The pesticide methoxychlor (MXC) exhibits estrogenic activity although it is not a steroid. Therefore its mode of action may differ from that of estrogen. Here we evaluated the ability of MXC to replace estrogen in the ovariectomized, hormone-treated decidual cell response (DCR) model. Following priming with estrone, ovariectomized rats were treated with estrone plus progesterone, progesterone alone, or progesterone plus various dosage levels of MXC. Within a narrow dose range, MXC can replace estrone and, in combination with progesterone, produce a maximal DCR. In the same manner as that seen with progesterone plus estrone, progesterone plus MXC produced no effect different from progesterone alone at low to intermediate dosages and an inhibition of decidual growth at high doses. The data support the hypothesis that MXC exhibits classical mechanisms of estrogenic activity. RP CUMMINGS, AM (reprint author), US EPA,HERL,DIV DEV TOXICOL,MD-72,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PY 1993 VL 52 IS 4 BP 347 EP 352 DI 10.1016/0024-3205(93)90147-U PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA KF816 UT WOS:A1993KF81600002 PM 8421434 ER PT J AU ZAROOGIAN, G YEVICH, P ANDERSON, S AF ZAROOGIAN, G YEVICH, P ANDERSON, S TI EFFECT OF SELECTED INHIBITORS ON CADMIUM, NICKEL, AND BENZO(A)PYRENE UPTAKE INTO BROWN CELLS OF MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symp on Responses of Marine Organisms to Pollutants CY APR 24-26, 1991 CL WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, WOODS HOLE, MA SP US EPA, WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, COASTAL RES CTR, US NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER ADM, WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, SEA GRANT PROGRAM HO WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST AB Uptake and inhibition studies were used to evaluate mechanisms of uptake of Ni2+, Cd2+, and B(a)P in the brown cells of M. mercenaria. Brown cells contain one or more vesicles that have been shown to be lysosomes. Cd2+, Ni2+, and B(a)P accumulation by brown cells was concentration-dependent and independent of time and temperature at 5-degrees-C Metabolic inhibitors such as carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone and NaF did not inhibit their uptake. N-ethylmaleimide facilitated Ni2+ and Cd2+ uptake, hut inhibited B(a)P uptake. Buthionine-(SR)-sulfoximine inhibited Ni2+, Cd2+, and B(a)P uptake in a dose-dependent manner, and diethylmaleate had no effect on Cd2+ and B(a)P uptake, but increased Ni2+ uptake. Chloroquine and copper, which accumulate in lysosomes, inhibited Ni2+, Cd2+, and B(a)P uptake. Verapamil inhibited Ni2+ and B(a)P uptake, whereas it increased Cd uptake. Our results suggest that the brown cells of M. mercenaria are capable of accumulation of soluble foreign material and that membrane sulfhydryl groups, glutathione, and Ca2+ channels are active in these processes. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,MARINE SCI BRANCH,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. RP ZAROOGIAN, G (reprint author), US EPA,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 1993 VL 35 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 45 DI 10.1016/0141-1136(93)90011-N PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA KJ063 UT WOS:A1993KJ06300009 ER PT J AU LAHVIS, GP WELLS, RS CASPER, D VIA, CS AF LAHVIS, GP WELLS, RS CASPER, D VIA, CS TI INVITRO LYMPHOCYTE-RESPONSE OF BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS (TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS) - MITOGEN-INDUCED PROLIFERATION SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symp on Responses of Marine Organisms to Pollutants CY APR 24-26, 1991 CL WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, WOODS HOLE, MA SP US EPA, WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, COASTAL RES CTR, US NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER ADM, WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, SEA GRANT PROGRAM HO WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST ID SUPPRESSION AB Stranded bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, exhibit infections suggestive of immune dysfunction. Concurrent high levels of immunotoxic pollutants indicate that one possible cause of death is pollutant-induced immune dysfunction. In this study, immunological assays were adapted to assess immune function of healthy dolphins. Peripheral blood from 23 dolphins was obtained by capture/release near Sarasota, Florida. Blood was shipped at ambient temperature by overnight mail in vacutainers containing either sodium heparin or EDTA. Mononuclear cells were separated by centrifugation in Ficoll and cultured in RPMI 1640 containing 10% fetal calf serum, 2-ME, and antibiotics. Lymphocytes were stimulated with a panel of mitogens across a broad dose-response range in order to determine the kinetics of proliferative responses (i.e. H-3-thymidine uptake). Responses to Con A, PHA, and PWM were maximal at 6,5 and 2 days of culture, respectively. NO significant response to LPS was observed. We conclude that culture and shipment conditions for human lymphocyte assays are appropriate for assessment of dolphin immune function. Further studies will examine the use of both mitogenic and non-mitogenic stimuli to evaluate immune function in both normal and at risk dolphin populations. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DIV RHEUMATOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. US EPA,OFF ENVIRONM PROC & EFFECTS RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. BROOKFIELD ZOO,BROOKFIELD,IL 60513. LONG MARINE LAB,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95060. VET ADM MED CTR,RES SERV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP LAHVIS, GP (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BRESSLER BLDG,655 W BALTIMORE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 1993 VL 35 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 119 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA KJ063 UT WOS:A1993KJ06300021 ER PT J AU BEHRENFELD, M HARDY, J GUCINSKI, H HANNEMAN, A LEE, H WONES, A AF BEHRENFELD, M HARDY, J GUCINSKI, H HANNEMAN, A LEE, H WONES, A TI EFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION ON PRIMARY PRODUCTION ALONG LATITUDINAL TRANSECTS IN THE SOUTH-PACIFIC OCEAN SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINHIBITION; PHYTOPLANKTON; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHOTOADAPTATION; IMPACT; OZONE AB Ambient intensities of solar ultraviolet radiation inhibit photosynthesis in the upper layers of the oceans. In this study the effect of ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR) (290-320 nm) on marine phytoplankton carbon fixation during two latitudinal transects through the South Pacific ocean were measured to determine a dose-response model for estimating UVBR effects in natural surface populations and to identify latitudinal variation in UVBR sensitivity. Photoinhibition increased linearly with increasing doses of UVBR as weighted by the DNA action spectrum, with no apparent threshold for effect. The dose-rate response was nearly constant at low latitudes but varied at higher latitudes. Ambient intensities of UVBR cause photoinhibition and it is likely that even small increases in surface UVBR will cause additional photodamage. A quantitative estimate of the long-term effect of UVBR on marine phytoplankton, however, cannot be made from short-term measurements of photoinhibition since factors such as vertical mixing, photorepair, and photoadaptation will modify the final expression of UVBR damage. C1 WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV,HUXLEY COLL ENVIRONM STUDIES,BELLINGHAM,WA 98225. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENV TECH INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP BEHRENFELD, M (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ASCI,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 35 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PY 1993 VL 35 IS 4 BP 349 EP 363 DI 10.1016/0141-1136(93)90102-6 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA LD447 UT WOS:A1993LD44700004 ER PT S AU OCALLAGHAN, JP AF OCALLAGHAN, JP BE Johnnessen, JN TI QUANTITATIVE FEATURES OF REACTIVE GLIOSIS FOLLOWING TOXICANT-INDUCED DAMAGE OF THE CNS SO MARKERS OF NEURONAL INJURY AND DEGENERATION SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON MARKERS OF NEURONAL INJURY AND DEGENERATION CY APR 22-24, 1992 CL BETHESDA, MD SP SIGMA XI, ALCOHOL DRUG ABUSE & MENTAL HLTH ADM, FDA, NIOSH, NIH, US EPA RP OCALLAGHAN, JP (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD 74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NIDA NIH HHS [NIDA IAG RA-ND-89-4] NR 0 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-795-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1993 VL 679 BP 195 EP 210 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18299.x PG 16 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BY50G UT WOS:A1993BY50G00016 PM 8512183 ER PT S AU MILLER, DB OCALLAGHAN, JP AF MILLER, DB OCALLAGHAN, JP BE Johnnessen, JN TI THE INTERACTIONS OF MK-801 WITH THE AMPHETAMINE ANALOGS D-METHAMPHETAMINE (D-METH), 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE (D-MDMA) OR D-FENFLURAMINE (D-FEN) - NEURAL DAMAGE AND NEURAL PROTECTION SO MARKERS OF NEURONAL INJURY AND DEGENERATION SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON MARKERS OF NEURONAL INJURY AND DEGENERATION CY APR 22-24, 1992 CL BETHESDA, MD SP SIGMA XI, ALCOHOL DRUG ABUSE & MENTAL HLTH ADM, FDA, NIOSH, NIH, US EPA RP MILLER, DB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NIA NIH HHS [IAG ND-89-4] NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-795-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1993 VL 679 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18315.x PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BY50G UT WOS:A1993BY50G00032 PM 8099774 ER PT S AU GIRMAN, JR AF GIRMAN, JR BE Nagda, NL TI SIMPLE MODELING TO DETERMINE APPROPRIATE OPERATING-CONDITIONS FOR EMISSION TESTING IN SMALL CHAMBERS SO MODELING OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND EXPOSURE SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Modeling of Indoor Air Quality and Exposure CY APR 27-28, 1992 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM SAMPLING & ANAL ATMOSPHERE, SUBCOMM INDOOR AIR DE MODEL INPUTS; AIR VELOCITY; LOADING FACTOR; EMISSION RATE; SMALL TEST CHAMBER; EMISSION TESTING; VENTILATION RATE C1 US EPA,DIV INDOOR AIR,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1875-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1993 VL 1205 BP 145 EP 148 DI 10.1520/STP13104S PG 4 WC Construction & Building Technology; Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Applied; Toxicology SC Construction & Building Technology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Toxicology GA BZ48R UT WOS:A1993BZ48R00010 ER PT S AU SPARKS, LE TICHENOR, BA WHITE, JB AF SPARKS, LE TICHENOR, BA WHITE, JB BE Nagda, NL TI MODELING INDIVIDUAL EXPOSURE FROM INDOOR SOURCES SO MODELING OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND EXPOSURE SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Modeling of Indoor Air Quality and Exposure CY APR 27-28, 1992 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM SAMPLING & ANAL ATMOSPHERE, SUBCOMM INDOOR AIR DE INDOOR AIR QUALITY (IAQ) MODEL; EXPOSURE; SOURCES; SINKS; ACTIVITY PATTERNS C1 US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1875-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1993 VL 1205 BP 245 EP 256 DI 10.1520/STP13112S PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Applied; Toxicology SC Construction & Building Technology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Toxicology GA BZ48R UT WOS:A1993BZ48R00018 ER PT J AU MASS, MJ JEFFERS, AJ ROSS, JA NELSON, G GALATI, AJ STONER, GD NESNOW, S AF MASS, MJ JEFFERS, AJ ROSS, JA NELSON, G GALATI, AJ STONER, GD NESNOW, S TI KI-RAS ONCOGENE MUTATIONS IN TUMORS AND DNA-ADDUCTS FORMED BY BENZ[J]ACEANTHRYLENE AND BENZO[A]PYRENE IN THE LUNGS OF STRAIN A/J MICE SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE CARCINOGENESIS; ONCOGENES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ID ACTIVATION; MOUSE; LIVER; BENZACEANTHRYLENE; METABOLITES; SENSITIVITY; PATHWAYS; CELLS; GENE AB Strain A/J mice received intraperitoneal injections of benz[j]aceanthrylene (B[j]A) or benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). At 24, 48, and 72 h, lung tissues were removed for analysis of B[a]P- or B[j]A-derived DNA adduct formation during the first 3 d of exposure. One group of mice exposed to these hydrocarbons was kept for 8 mo to determine lung tumor multiplicity, the occurrence of mutations in codons 12 and 61 of the Ki-ras gene in the tumors that arose, the relationship between Ki-ras oncogene mutations in tumors, and the presence and quantity of genomic DNA adducts. The major DNA adduct in the lungs of mice exposed to B[a]P was N2-(10beta-[+B,7alpha, 9alpha-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene]yl)-deoxyguanosine (BPDE-I-dGuo) arising from bay-region diolepoxide activation of B[a]P and was consistent with the occurrence of tumors with mutations GGT-->TGT (56%), GGT-->GTT (25%), and GGT-->GAT (19%) in codon 12, all involving mutations of a guanine. B[j]A, a demethylated analogue of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA) with an unsaturated cyclopenta ring, produced 16-to 60-fold more tumors at equivalent doses than did B[a]P; the mutations in tumors were GGT-->TGT (4%), GGT-->GTT (30%), and GGT-->CGT (65%). Analysis of adduction patterns in DNA suggested that B[j]A was activated to form DNA-binding derivatives in A/J mouse lungs primarily at the cyclopenta ring even though B[j]A contains a bay region. As reported in the published literature, the mutation spectrum induced by 3-MCA in Ki-ras codon 12 of mouse cells is similar to that of B[a]P but not to that of its close relative B[j]A. In contrast to B[j]A, 3-MCA is activated mostly via a bay-region diol-epoxide since its cyclopenta ring is saturated and not easily epoxidated. Therefore, we propose that the GGT-->CGT mutations produced by B[j]A in Ki-ras codon 12 were mostly the result of cyclopentaring-derived adducts. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 MED COLL OHIO,DEPT PATHOL,TOLEDO,OH 43699. OHIO STATE UNIV,ARTHUR JAMES CANC HOSP,DEPT PREVENT MED,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP MASS, MJ (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH MD68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010 OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 NR 21 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PY 1993 VL 8 IS 3 BP 186 EP 192 DI 10.1002/mc.2940080309 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA MH443 UT WOS:A1993MH44300008 PM 8216737 ER PT J AU TENNANT, RW HARRIS, CC KAUFMAN, DG NESNOW, S SLAGA, TJ STEVENSON, DE TRUMP, BF AF TENNANT, RW HARRIS, CC KAUFMAN, DG NESNOW, S SLAGA, TJ STEVENSON, DE TRUMP, BF TI 6TH ASPEN CANCER CONFERENCE - MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF GENETIC DEREGULATION IN TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENESIS SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. SHELL OIL CO,WESTHOLLOW RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77210. NCI,DIV CANC ETIOL,HUMAN CARCINOGENESIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV TEXAS,M D ANDERSON CANC CTR,DIV SCI PK RES,SMITHVILLE,TX 78957. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RP TENNANT, RW (reprint author), NIEHS,EXPTL CARCINOGENESIS & MUTAGENESIS BRANCH,POB 12233,MD E4-02,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27705, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2 BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA KV562 UT WOS:A1993KV56200001 PM 8096139 ER PT B AU FLATMAN, GT AF FLATMAN, GT BE Patil, GP Rao, CR TI NEEDS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN MULTIVARIATE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING STATISTICS SO MULTIVARIATE ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS SE NORTH-HOLLAND SERIES IN STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Multivariate Analysis CY MAY, 1992 CL PENN STATE, UNIV PK, PA HO PENN STATE C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89114. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-89804-2 J9 N-HOLLAND STAT PROB PY 1993 VL 6 BP 109 EP 120 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BZ95N UT WOS:A1993BZ95N00005 ER PT J AU DEARFIELD, KL HARRINGTONBROCK, K DOERR, CL PARKER, L MOORE, MM AF DEARFIELD, KL HARRINGTONBROCK, K DOERR, CL PARKER, L MOORE, MM TI GENOTOXICITY OF 3 PYRIDINE COMPOUNDS TO L5178Y MOUSE LYMPHOMA-CELLS SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PYRIDINES, HALOGENATED; HALOGENATED PYRIDINES; GENE MUTATIONS; ABERRATIONS; MICRONUCLEI; MOUSE LYMPHOMA CELLS AB The L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay was used to examine the potential mutagenicity of three halogenated pyridine compounds. Position effects of the halogen moiety and the role of metabolic activation were analyzed based on induced mutant frequency, gross chromosome aberrations, and micronuclei. Without activation, 2-chloropyridine, 3-chloropyridine, and 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine produced a small increase in mutant frequency; only the 2-chloropyridine activity was significantly increased with activation. All three compounds were also clastogenic as demonstrated by increases in chromosome aberrations and micronuclei (except for 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine which did not induce micronuclei either with or without activation). C1 US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,DIV HLTH EFFECTS,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JAN PY 1993 VL 301 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1016/0165-7992(93)90057-3 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA KF086 UT WOS:A1993KF08600010 PM 7677945 ER PT J AU GORDON, CJ FOGELSON, L AF GORDON, CJ FOGELSON, L TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM-CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY AND THE CHANGE IN BODY-TEMPERATURE AND MOTOR-ACTIVITY IN THE RAT - A DOSE-RESPONSE STUDY OF DIISOPROPYL FLUOROPHOSPHATE SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TEMPERATURE REGULATION; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; SKIN TEMPERATURE; DFP; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; NEUROTOXICITY ID BRAIN-AREAS; HYPOTHERMIA; INHIBITION; STRAINS; AGENTS AB Risk assessment of the neurotoxicology of organophosphate (OP) pesticides cells for a thorough understanding of the relationship between tissue cholinesterase (ChE) activity and changes in behavioral and autonomic responses to OP treatment. To address this issue, motor activity, core and skin temperature, and serum ChE activity were measured 2 h after rats of the Long-Evans strain were treated with the OP, diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) at a dose of 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 mg/kg (SC). DFP doses greater-than-or-equal-to 0.25 mg/kg led to significant decreases in serum ChE activity, whereas doses of greater-than-or-equal-to 0.5 mg/kg caused reductions in motor activity and body temperature. The highest dose of DPF caused an increase in tail skin temperature, indicating an elevation in skin blood flow. A hockey stick regression analysis was used to determine threshold inhibition in ChE activity associated with depressions in motor activity and colonic temperature. The threshold serum ChE activity, relative to controls for inhibition of motor activity and reduction in body temperature was 46%. A wide range in individual motor activity and colonic temperature responses was noted when the inhibition in ChE activity exceeded threshold levels. This may be indicative of marked genetic variability to ChE inhibition. That is, rats appear to be either responsive or unresponsive when subjected to extreme inhibition in ChE activity. This pattern has been reported in other rodents and may represent a fundamental aspect of ChE toxicity. RP GORDON, CJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 15 IS 1 BP 21 EP 25 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(93)90041-L PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA KM024 UT WOS:A1993KM02400003 PM 8459784 ER PT J AU BENIGNUS, VA AF BENIGNUS, VA TI IMPORTANCE OF EXPERIMENTER-BLIND PROCEDURE IN NEUROTOXICOLOGY SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE CARBON MONOXIDE; EXPERIMENTER-BLIND; METAANALYSIS ID CARBON-MONOXIDE EXPOSURE; COMPENSATORY TRACKING; HUMAN-PERFORMANCE AB The importance of having the investigator blind to the experimental condition of a human subject was demonstrated using meta analysis of 43 reports of the effects of carbon monoxide (CO) on behavior. It was shown that 75% of single-blind studies found significant CO effects as opposed to only 26% of double-blind studies (difference was significant, p < 0.005). It was also not possible to show that the difference could have been due to different CO exposure levels, different statistical practices, or different study group sizes. The failure to follow double-blind procedure has been partly responsible for disagreement about the effects of CO reported in the literature. Investigator blinding is also important in laboratory animal research. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PSYCHOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP BENIGNUS, VA (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,MAIL DROP 58,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 15 IS 1 BP 45 EP 49 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(93)90044-O PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA KM024 UT WOS:A1993KM02400006 PM 8459788 ER PT S AU ADAMCZYK, TE AF ADAMCZYK, TE BE Racke, KD Leslie, AR TI FEDERAL AND STATE ISSUES RELATED TO PESTICIDE USE SO PESTICIDES IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS: FATE AND SIGNIFICANCE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP ON PESTICIDES IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS : FATE AND SIGNIFICANCE, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM RP ADAMCZYK, TE (reprint author), US EPA,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2627-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 522 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BX68N UT WOS:A1993BX68N00004 ER PT S AU BLONDELL, JM KNOTT, SM AF BLONDELL, JM KNOTT, SM BE Racke, KD Leslie, AR TI RISK ANALYSIS FOR PHENYLMERCURIC ACETATE IN INDOOR LATEX HOUSE PAINT SO PESTICIDES IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS: FATE AND SIGNIFICANCE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP ON PESTICIDES IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS : FATE AND SIGNIFICANCE, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM RP BLONDELL, JM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,DIV HLTH EFFECTS H7509C,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2627-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 522 BP 307 EP 317 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BX68N UT WOS:A1993BX68N00026 ER PT J AU HICKEY, AJ MARTONEN, TB AF HICKEY, AJ MARTONEN, TB TI BEHAVIOR OF HYGROSCOPIC PHARMACEUTICAL AEROSOLS AND THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROPHOBIC ADDITIVES SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE AEROSOL; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH; LUNG DEPOSITION; INHALATION ID HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT; REGIONAL DEPOSITION; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; PARTICLE-SIZE; HUMAN AIRWAYS; INHALATION AEROSOLS; CONDUCTING AIRWAYS; INHALED PARTICLES; GROWTH; DROPLETS AB The high temperature and relative humidity in the lung can result in the hygroscopic growth of susceptible aerosol particles or droplets. The term hygroscopic growth describes the increase in particle diameter which occurs as the result of association with water vapor. The influence of hygroscopicity upon lung deposition of aerosols has been a productive area of research in industrial hygiene, environmental sciences, and inhalation toxicology. Many pharmaceutical inhalation aerosols display hygroscopic behavior in their passage through the airways; however, the effect has been neglected. Controlling the phenomenon of hygroscopic growth and, thus, the related lung deposition of aerosols might result in the therapeutic advantage of targeting the site of action. Such an approach might also allow identification of the location of pharmacologic receptor sites in the lung. This Review discusses an approach to achieving control of hygroscopic growth of aerosol particles. Theoretical and experimental studies have indicated that inhaled particle diameters increased significantly for drugs commonly administered to the lung. The presence of certain additives, notably glycerol, cetyl alcohol, and lauric and capric acids, has been demonstrated to reduce the growth of particles under conditions approaching those in the lung. Very few quantitative studies of the nature discussed herein have appeared in the literature. It is conceivable that an aerosol particle could be fabricated of known initial size and density, and by implication, deposition characteristics, and this might be induced to follow specific growth kinetics to enhance deposition in a particular region of the lung. Thus, physical targeting of regions within the lung might be achieved. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,DIV PULM DIS,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP HICKEY, AJ (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL PHARM,BOX 6998,CHICAGO,IL 60680, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-19704] NR 89 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0724-8741 J9 PHARMACEUT RES JI Pharm. Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1023/A:1018952425107 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA KG010 UT WOS:A1993KG01000001 PM 8430044 ER PT J AU ANDERSEN, O AUTRUP, H DAYAN, AD FENGER, J FORSLUND, J GRANDJEAN, P GRON, P JENSEN, FP KEIDING, L KJAERGAARD, S LARSEN, JC LEWTAS, J LYNGE, E MOLLER, H MOLLER, L NIELSEN, PA OSTENFELDT, N PILSGAARD, H PORTIER, C POULSEN, E RASTOGI, SC SKOV, T THOMSEN, AS ULBAK, K OSTERLIND, A AF ANDERSEN, O AUTRUP, H DAYAN, AD FENGER, J FORSLUND, J GRANDJEAN, P GRON, P JENSEN, FP KEIDING, L KJAERGAARD, S LARSEN, JC LEWTAS, J LYNGE, E MOLLER, H MOLLER, L NIELSEN, PA OSTENFELDT, N PILSGAARD, H PORTIER, C POULSEN, E RASTOGI, SC SKOV, T THOMSEN, AS ULBAK, K OSTERLIND, A TI REPORT FROM THE WORKING-GROUP-ON-CANCER-AND-THE-NON-OCCUPATIONAL-ENVIRONMENT SO PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ST BARTHOLOMEWS HOSP,COLL MED,DH DEPT TOXICOL,DOMINION HOUSE,59 BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE,LONDON EC1 7ED,ENGLAND. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NATL BOARD HLTH,DIV PREVENT & GEN HYG,DK-1012 COPENHAGEN K,DENMARK. INT AGCY RES CANC,F-69372 LYON,FRANCE. NATL FOOD AGCY,INST TOXICOL,DK-2860 SOBORG,DENMARK. NIEHS,STAT & BIOMATH BRANCH,RISK METHODOL SECT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. DANISH CANC SOC,DANISH CANC REGISTRY,DK-2100 COPENHAGEN 0,DENMARK. NATL INST RADIAT HYG,DK-2700 BRONSHOJ,DENMARK. BISPEBJERG HOSP,DEPT DERMATOL,DK-2400 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010 OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0901-9928 J9 PHARMACOL TOXICOL JI Pharmacol. Toxicol. PY 1993 VL 72 SU 1 BP S167 EP S171 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA KR800 UT WOS:A1993KR80000025 ER PT J AU LEWTAS, J AF LEWTAS, J TI AIRBORNE CARCINOGENS SO PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Air pollution has been recognized as a cancer risk for many years. More than 2,800 different chemicals have been identified in the air or emission sources. Only about 10% of these chemicals have been evaluated in bioassays for genetic or carcinogenic effects. Hydrocarbons, nitrogen-containing organics, and halogenated organics account for nearly 60% of the airborne chemicals that have been studied in long term animal cancer bioassays or short-term genetic bioassays. The sources that emit the highest number of these potentially carcinogenic chemicals are sources involving combustion (e.g., tobacco smoke, automobile exhaust, and coal combustion). Quantitative estimates of the risk of airborne carcinogens in outdoor air consistently show that polycyclic organic matter (POM) from products of incomplete combustion (PICs) make the largest single contribution to human cancer risk. Although the POM emissions from various air pollution sources are chemically similar and induce cancer by a similar genotoxic mechanism, the cancer risk per unit of exposure of these emissions may vary by several orders of magnitude. Among these combustion sources motor vehicle emissions account for the greatest cancer risk in outdoor air. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and radon are the major sources of cancer risk from indoor exposures. There are, however, many uncertainties in identifying the important airborne carcinogens and quantitating the human cancer risk of air pollution. One important uncertainty is the role of atmospheric transformation products in human cancer. RP LEWTAS, J (reprint author), US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, MD 68A, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI FREDERIKSBERG C PA 1 ROSENORNS ALLE, DK-1970 FREDERIKSBERG C, DENMARK SN 0901-9928 J9 PHARMACOL TOXICOL JI Pharmacol. Toxicol. PY 1993 VL 72 SU 1 BP S55 EP S63 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA KR800 UT WOS:A1993KR80000009 ER PT J AU RASCHKE, RL AF RASCHKE, RL TI DIATOM (BACILLARIOPHYTA) COMMUNITY RESPONSE TO PHOSPHORUS IN THE EVERGLADES NATIONAL-PARK, USA SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; INDICATORS; DIVERSITY AB The Everglades National Park, a World Heritage site, is showing the first signs of nutrient impacts caused by intensive agricultural farming north of the Park. Investigations have shown that sediments in the Park are advectively accumulating phosphorus. At the study site, median total phosphorus concentration inflows have increased from 7 to 12 mug 1(-1) and the TN:TP ratio has decreased from 250 to 120 over a 12-year period. Periphyton diatom mean diversity and taxon numbers are increasing in association with increased amounts of sediment phosphorus. Cymbella pusilla Grunow and Anomoeoneis vitrea (Grunow) Ross were generally predominant at less impacted far-field stations but yielded in predominance to Nitzschia palea (Kutzing) W. Smith, Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kutzing) Petersen var. capitellata (Grunow) Patrick, and Cymbella microcephala Grunow at phosphorus-enriched near-field stations. Two non-predominant indicators of phosphorus enrichment, Gomphonema parvulum Kutzing and Nitzschia amphibia Grunow, showed a response to increased sediment phosphorus along the transect. These diatom community responses are the forerunner of undesirable changes experienced in the upper everglades where cattails (Typha spp.) replaced sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense Crantz). RP RASCHKE, RL (reprint author), US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM SERV,REG IV,BAILEY ST ANNEX,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 33 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD JAN PY 1993 VL 32 IS 1 BP 48 EP 58 DI 10.2216/i0031-8884-32-1-48.1 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KF688 UT WOS:A1993KF68800005 ER PT J AU TURNER, DP SOLLINS, P LEUKING, M RUDD, N AF TURNER, DP SOLLINS, P LEUKING, M RUDD, N TI AVAILABILITY AND UPTAKE OF INORGANIC NITROGEN IN A MIXED OLD-GROWTH CONIFEROUS FOREST SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE AMMONIUM; NITRATE; NITRIFICATION; NITROGEN; OLD-GROWTH FOREST ID BALSAM FIR SOILS; PACIFIC NORTHWEST; NITRATE UPTAKE; SOLUTION PH; NITRIFICATION; MINERALIZATION; AMMONIUM; SEEDLINGS; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS AB Old-growth forest stands of mixed species composition provide the opportunity to study species-specific influences on soil properties. We monitored rates of nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and an index of ammonium and nitrate uptake in a mixed old-growth stand of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and western redcedar (Thuja plicata) over a two-year period. Litter and mineral soil (0-10-cm depth) were sampled adjacent to ten large trees of each species. After initial characterization of litter and soil, buried bags were incubated in both layers for ca. 2-month intervals. Soil and litter pH was lowest near western hemlocks. Nitrification, nitrate concentrations, and percent uptake as nitrate differed among the tree species; rates were highest near western redcedars. For all species, percent nitrification and nitrate uptake rate were higher in soil than in litter. The results indicate species-specific effects on ammonium and nitrate production and uptake within this forest type. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP TURNER, DP (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 72 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 1993 VL 148 IS 2 BP 163 EP 174 DI 10.1007/BF00012854 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KV125 UT WOS:A1993KV12500002 ER PT B AU LAUTENBERGER, C PEARSON, L AF LAUTENBERGER, C PEARSON, L GP ENVIRONMENT CANADA TI DEVELOPMENT OF A UNIFIED FEDERAL/STATE, COASTAL INLAND OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTINGENCY PLAN FOR THE STATE OF ALASKA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTEENTH ARCTIC AND MARINE OIL SPILL PROGRAM ( AMOP ) TECHNICAL SEMINAR, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program (AMOP) Technical Seminar CY JUN 07-09, 1993 CL CALGARY, CANADA SP ENVIRONM CANADA, ENVIRONM PROTECT CONSERVAT & PROTECT, TECHNOL DEV BRANCH C1 US EPA,ANCHORAGE,AK. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENT CANADA PI OTTAWA PA OTTAWA ON K1A OH3, CANADA PY 1993 BP 291 EP 296 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BZ56S UT WOS:A1993BZ56S00019 ER PT B AU RENARD, EP CLAYTON, JR AF RENARD, EP CLAYTON, JR GP ENVIRONMENT CANADA TI STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT - MEASUREMENT METHODS FOR ESTIMATING PERFORMANCE OF DISPERSANTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTEENTH ARCTIC AND MARINE OIL SPILL PROGRAM ( AMOP ) TECHNICAL SEMINAR, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program (AMOP) Technical Seminar CY JUN 07-09, 1993 CL CALGARY, CANADA SP ENVIRONM CANADA, ENVIRONM PROTECT CONSERVAT & PROTECT, TECHNOL DEV BRANCH C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,EDISON,NJ 08837. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENT CANADA PI OTTAWA PA OTTAWA ON K1A OH3, CANADA PY 1993 BP 973 EP 1010 PG 38 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BZ56S UT WOS:A1993BZ56S00057 ER PT B AU FIELD, R AF FIELD, R BE Marsalek, J Torno, HC TI USE OF COLIFORM AS AN INDICATOR OF PATHOGENS IN STORM-GENERATED FLOWS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON URBAN STORM DRAINAGE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage CY SEP 12-17, 1993 CL NIAGARA FALLS, CANADA SP INT ASSOC HYDRAUL RES, INT ASSOC WATER QUAL, ENVIRONM CANADA, ENVIRONM ONTARIO, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, GOVT CANADA, GREAT LAKE CLEANUP FUND C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,STORM & COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW POLLUT CONTROL PROGRAM,EDISON,NJ 08837. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEAPOINT PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 2880 SEAPOINT DR, VICTORIA BC V8N 1S8, CANADA BN 1-55056-253-3 PY 1993 BP 78 EP 84 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BB96F UT WOS:A1993BB96F00014 ER PT B AU TURPIN, R FERRIS, J MORAN, J MURPHY, L AF TURPIN, R FERRIS, J MORAN, J MURPHY, L GP ENVIRONM CANADA TI OCCUPATIONAL VS PUBLIC-HEALTH AND SAFETY DURING AN ACCIDENTAL CHEMICAL-RELEASE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON CHEMICAL SPILLS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Technical Seminar on Chemical Spills CY SEP 07-08, 1993 CL ST JOHN, CANADA SP ENVIRONM CANADA, ENVIRONM PROTECT CONSERVAT & PROTECT, TECHNOL DEV BRANCH C1 US EPA,ERT,EDISON,NJ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENT CANADA PI OTTAWA PA OTTAWA ON K1A OH3, CANADA PY 1993 BP 247 EP 256 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB17S UT WOS:A1993BB17S00014 ER PT B AU CAMPAGNA, PR MICKUNAS, D SCHUETZ, S WESTON, RF AF CAMPAGNA, PR MICKUNAS, D SCHUETZ, S WESTON, RF GP ENVIRONM CANADA TI AIR SAMPLING AND MONITORING USING OPEN-PATH FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETER (OP-FTIR) AND OP-ULTRAVIOLET (OP-UV) TO DETERMINE SO2 AND VOC RELEASE RATES AT A TEST EXCAVATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON CHEMICAL SPILLS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Technical Seminar on Chemical Spills CY SEP 07-08, 1993 CL ST JOHN, CANADA SP ENVIRONM CANADA, ENVIRONM PROTECT CONSERVAT & PROTECT, TECHNOL DEV BRANCH C1 US EPA,OFF SOLID WASTE & EMERGENCY RESPONSE,ENVIRONM RESPONSE TEAM,EDISON,NJ 08837. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENT CANADA PI OTTAWA PA OTTAWA ON K1A OH3, CANADA PY 1993 BP 311 EP 318 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB17S UT WOS:A1993BB17S00019 ER PT J AU LINAK, WP WENDT, JOL AF LINAK, WP WENDT, JOL TI TOXIC METAL EMISSIONS FROM INCINERATION - MECHANISMS AND CONTROL SO PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID PULVERIZED COAL COMBUSTION; FIRED POWER-PLANT; ROTARY KILN INCINERATOR; MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; MULTICOMPONENT AEROSOL DYNAMICS; DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; FLY-ASH; TRACE-ELEMENTS; PARTICLE FORMATION; FLUE-GASES AB Toxic metals appear in the effluents of many combustion processes, and their release into the environment has come under regulatory scrutiny. This paper reviews the nature of the problems associated with toxic metals in combustion processes, and describes where these problems occur and how they are addressed through current and proposed regulations. Although emphasis in this paper is on problems associated with metals from incineration processes, conventional fossil fuel combustion is also considered, insofar as it pertains to mechanisms governing the fate of metals during combustion in general. This paper examines the release of metals into the vapor phase, with the particle dynamics of a nucleating, condensing, and coagulating aerosol that may be subsequently for-med, and with the reactive scavenging of metals by sorbents. Metals can be introduced into combustion chambers in many physical and chemical forms. The subsequent transformations and vaporization of any volatile metal depend on the combustion environment, the presence of chlorine and other species (reducing or oxidizing), on the nature of the reactive metallic species formed within the furnace, and on the presence of other inorganic species such as alumino-silicates. Some insight into how these factors influence metal release can be gained by considering the release of organic sodium during coal char combustion. Once vaporized, a metal vapor cloud will normally pass through its dewpoint to form tiny nuclei, or condense around existing particles. These aerosols are then affected by other dynamic processes (including coagulation) as they evolve with time. This paper shows how current mathematical descriptions of aerosol dynamics are very useful in predicting metal aerosol size distributions in combustion systems. These models are applied to two prototype problems, namely: the prediction of the temporal evolution of a particle size distribution of a self-coagulating aerosol initially composed of nuclei; and the scavenging of nuclei by coagulation with larger sorbent particles. A metal vapor can also react with certain aluminosilicate sorbents. This process, which will occur at temperatures above the dewpoint, is described, and is important, since it allows the high temperatures in incineration processes to be exploited to allow the formation of water-unleachable metal-containing compounds that can be isolated from the environment. Future research problems are also identified. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT CHEM ENGN,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP LINAK, WP (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,COMBUST RES BRANCH,MD-65,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 192 TC 317 Z9 338 U1 15 U2 78 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-1285 J9 PROG ENERG COMBUST JI Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. PY 1993 VL 19 IS 2 BP 145 EP 185 DI 10.1016/0360-1285(93)90014-6 PG 41 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA LV730 UT WOS:A1993LV73000002 ER PT B AU SCHWARTZ, J AF SCHWARTZ, J BE Geller, S TI PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION AND DAILY MORTALITY - A SYNTHESIS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS: AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY, VOL 19, NOS 1-4, 1991/92 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 11-15, 1991 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP INT SOC ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL DE MORTALITY; AIR POLLUTION; PARTICULATES; SO2 C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOSDAR LTD-INT SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS PI TEL AVIV PA POB 31684, TEL AVIV 61316, ISRAEL PY 1993 BP 39 EP 60 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BZ71R UT WOS:A1993BZ71R00004 ER PT B AU HAGEMANN, MF SABOL, MA AF HAGEMANN, MF SABOL, MA GP UNIV ARIZONA, WATER RESOURCES RES CTR TI THE ROLE OF THE UNITED-STATES ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY IN THE HIGH-PLAINS STATES GROUNDWATER RECHARGE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SO PURPOSE, PROBLEMS AND PROGRESS, SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS: SIXTH BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM ON ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE OF GROUNDWATER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Biennial Symposium on Artificial Recharge of Groundwater CY MAY 19-21, 1993 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP SALT RIVER PROJECT, USDA ARS, US WATER CONSERVATION LAB, UNIV ARIZONA, WATER RESOURCES RES CTR, MALCOLM PIRNIE INC, KLEINFELDER, BROWN & CALDWELL, GERAGHTY & MILLER INC, ERROL L MONTGOMERY C1 US EPA,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CTR UNIVERSITY ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA US WATER CONSERVATION LAB USDA-ARS, TUCSON, AZ 85721 PY 1993 BP 325 EP 329 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BB20Y UT WOS:A1993BB20Y00028 ER PT J AU HOLLOWAY, RW AF HOLLOWAY, RW TI TRITIUM IN SURFACE WATERS OF THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE TRITIUM; CONCENTRATION IN WATER; NATURAL TRITIUM; NUCLEAR WEAPONS; RADIOACTIVITY AB The tritium content of streams, lakes and springs in Alaska, Nevada and Colorado was measured over the last decade. The tritium content of these waters has declined approximately 50% to a present maximum of up to 70 pCi/l. This decline is a continuation of the decreasing trend that started shortly after the atmospheric nuclear test ban treaty of the early 1960's. The present concentration of tritium in these natural waters is approaching the concentration expected from the natural production of tritium in the environment. RP HOLLOWAY, RW (reprint author), US EPA, ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB, POB 93478, LAS VEGAS, NV 89193 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1993 VL 62 IS 4 BP 217 EP 220 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA MR745 UT WOS:A1993MR74500011 ER PT J AU CUMMINGS, AM LASKEY, J AF CUMMINGS, AM LASKEY, J TI EFFECT OF METHOXYCHLOR ON OVARIAN STEROIDOGENESIS - ROLE IN EARLY-PREGNANCY LOSS SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE METHOXYCHLOR; OVARIAN STEROIDOGENESIS; PROGESTERONE; ESTRADIOL; TESTOSTERONE; EARLY PREGNANCY; OVARY; ADRENAL ID RAT; METABOLITES; INVIVO AB Antifertility properties of the pesticide methoxychlor (MXC) are well documented. Administration of MXC to rats during early pregnancy impairs implantation and reduces serum progesterone. The current study was designed to examine the effect of MXC on ovarian steroidogenesis and to define the mechanism(s) by which the pesticide exerts this effect. Rats were treated with MXC at a range of doses during days 1 to 8 of pregnancy and killed on day 9. Ovaries were incubated to assess the secretion of progesterone, estradiol, and testosterone in vitro. Steroid hormones in medium and serum were measured by radioimmunoassay. Although in vivo treatment with MXC reduced serum progesterone, no effect on the ovarian secretion of progesterone was detected in vitro. Conversely, MXC had no effect on serum estradiol levels (testosterone levels were undetectable in serum), but the incubation of ovaries in vitro revealed a reduction in the rates of ovarian estradiol and testosterone secretion. RP CUMMINGS, AM (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,MD-72,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 22 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1993 VL 7 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(93)90005-R PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA KK822 UT WOS:A1993KK82200003 PM 8448411 ER PT J AU STEINBERGER, A KLINEFELTER, G AF STEINBERGER, A KLINEFELTER, G TI SENSITIVITY OF SERTOLI AND LEYDIG-CELLS TO XENOBIOTICS IN IN-VITRO MODELS SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON IN VITRO METHODS IN REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY CY MAY 19-20, 1992 CL NATL ARTS CTR, OTTAWA, CANADA SP ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV, INT PROGRAMME CHEM SAFETY HO NATL ARTS CTR DE SERTOLI CELLS; LEYDIG CELLS; IN-VITRO SENSITIVITY TO TOXICANTS; NEW CULTURE MODELS FOR TESTICULAR TOXICOLOGY ID ANDROGEN-BINDING-PROTEIN; BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER; TRANSEPITHELIAL ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE; INDUCED TESTICULAR ATROPHY; ORTHO-CRESYL PHOSPHATE; RAT SERTOLI; TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ETHANE DIMETHANESULFONATE; PHTHALATE-ESTERS AB Different chemicals are known to cause testicular damage in the human male and experimental animals. However, the ability to assess the potential and mechanism of action leading to chemically-induced damage in men has been hampered by a lack of good predictive models. Although many of these chemicals were found to impair reproductive capacity in various laboratory animals, only some have caused reproductive damage in men. Mammalian spermatogenesis takes places within the avascular seminiferous tubules of the testis. Specialized tight junctions, which form between adjacent Sertoli cells at the time of puberty, divide the tubular space into the basal and adluminal compartments, and create a ''blood-testis'' barrier that restricts passage of substances and ions from the circulation. Thus, the completion of meiosis and post-meiotic germ cell differentiation, which take place in the adluminal compartment, are isolated from circulating substances unable to cross the blood-testis barrier. It seems feasible, therefore, that damage to the germ cells induced by testicular toxicants may be mediated through other cells in the testis such as the Sertoli, peritubular, or Leydig cells. A recently developed two-compartment system for culture of testicular cells can simulate, to some degree, the normal physiologic conditions. In principle, Sertoli cells isolated from mammalian testes are cultured on a permeable support (that is millipore filter) between two fluid compartments. They form a highly polarized epithelial layer with characteristic tight junctions that restrict the passage of substances between the two compartments, in analogy to the blood-testis barrier. We believe this system provides an excellent in vitro model for determining the ability of chemicals to: a) alter the permeability of the blood-testis barrier, b) impair the secretory function of Sertoli cells, or c) affect their viability, all of which could indirectly affect the germ cells. We have utilized this system for examining the effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and other toxic substances known to affect the testis. The Leydig cell toxicity was investigated in testicular perfusion system or cultures of isolated Leydig cells. C1 US EPA,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP STEINBERGER, A (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET GYNECOL & REPROD SCI,6431 FANNIN,SUITE 3204,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 17802] NR 95 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1993 VL 7 SU 1 BP 23 EP 37 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(93)90066-G PG 15 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA LU305 UT WOS:A1993LU30500004 PM 8400637 ER PT J AU LASKEY, JW BERMAN, E AF LASKEY, JW BERMAN, E TI STEROIDOGENIC ASSESSMENT USING OVARY CULTURE IN CYCLING RATS - EFFECTS OF BIS(2-DIETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE ON OVARIAN-STEROID PRODUCTION SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OVARIAN STEROIDOGENESIS; BIS(2-DIETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE (DEHP); PROGESTERONE; ESTRADIOL; TESTOSTERONE; STEROID PROFILES ID ACID ESTERS; GRANULOSA; CELLS AB In vitro ovary culture in rats was used to characterize ovarian steroidogenesis and to evaluate changes produced by in vivo exposure to bis(2-diethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Steroid profiles [progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T)] from cultures of minced ovary were obtained in untreated immature and mature rats, and from mature rats treated with DEHP. A 1-h incubation without human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was used to produce an initial steroidogenic profile. Three 1-h incubations with hCG were used to produce a stimulated steroid profile. A combination of initial and stimulated ovarian steroid profiles was shown to correctly identify the stage of the cycle in all untreated rats, using multivariate statistical analysis. Separately, initial or stimulated ovarian steroid profiles correctly identified the stage of the cycle in more than 90% of the rats. The statistical analysis using a combination of variables (multivariate) indicated that DEHP-treated rats were significantly different (P < 0.001) from sham-treated rats. In fact, the alteration caused by DEHP in the in vitro ovarian steroidogenic profile was most apparent in rats during diestrus and estrus. In DEHP-treated rats in diestrus, ovarian steroidogenesis appeared to shift to the production of more T and more E2 than in untreated rats in diestrus. The change seen in steroid profiles in DEHP-treated rats in estrus is to decreased E2 production. The steroid profile from ovary culture in conjunction with vaginal cytology was very useful in correctly identifying in vivo DEHP-treated rats, and will be a useful in vitro technique in the evaluation of ovarian toxicants in cycling females. RP LASKEY, JW (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 16 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1993 VL 7 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(93)90006-S PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA KK822 UT WOS:A1993KK82200004 PM 8448412 ER PT J AU KAVLOCK, RJ AF KAVLOCK, RJ TI STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY APPROACHES IN THE SCREENING OF ENVIRONMENTAL AGENTS FOR DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON IN VITRO METHODS IN REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY CY MAY 19-20, 1992 CL NATL ARTS CTR, OTTAWA, CANADA SP ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV, INT PROGRAMME CHEM SAFETY HO NATL ARTS CTR ID SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS; GLYCOL ETHERS; VALPROIC ACID; THIOUREA DERIVATIVES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; TERATOGENICITY; ETHYLENETHIOUREA; INVITRO; INVIVO; CULTURE RP KAVLOCK, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1993 VL 7 SU 1 BP 113 EP 116 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(93)90076-J PG 4 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA LU305 UT WOS:A1993LU30500014 PM 8400629 ER PT J AU STOKER, TE GOLDMAN, JM COOPER, RL AF STOKER, TE GOLDMAN, JM COOPER, RL TI THE DITHIOCARBAMATE FUNGICIDE THIRAM DISRUPTS THE HORMONAL-CONTROL OF OVULATION IN THE FEMALE RAT SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OVULATION; LH SURGE; THIRAM; TETRAMETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE; RAT; FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; OVARIECTOMIZED RAT; LAYING HENS; LH-RELEASE; DISCHARGES; SECRETION; PULSATILE; DISULFIDE AB Thiram has been reported to inhibit dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH), thereby affecting norepinephrine (NE) synthesis. Because NE is a neurotransmitter that is known to play an important role in the hypothalamic regulation of pituitary function, the acute effects of the thiram on the hormonal control of ovulation in the rat were investigated. Ovariectomized, estrogen-primed female rats were given a single injection of thiram (0, 6, 12, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) at 1100 h and serum LH was measured in serial bleeds. Thiram at 100 and 50 mg/kg completely blocked the LH surge in all rats tested, while 12 and 25 mg/kg blocked the surge in 40 and 75% of the treated animals, respectively. Six mg/kg had no effect. Ovulation was then assessed in intact, proestrous females in response to thiram administration (0, 12, 25, or 50 mg/kg) at 0900, 1100, 1300, or 1800 h. Ovulation was blocked by 25 and 50 mg/kg at 1300 h in all rats, but when injected at 1100 h only the 50 mg/kg dose was effective. No such blockade was found with 50 mg/kg injected at 0900 and 1800 h. To assess the influence of thiram on the LH surge in intact rats, additional females were dosed at 1300 h on the day of proestrus and blood collected over that same day. Thiram at 50 mg/kg blocked the LH surge in all rats, while 25 mg/kg blocked the surge in 60% of the females tested. No effect occurred with 12 mg/kg. These data show that thiram is able to block the LH surge and inhibit subsequent ovulation if administered during a sensitive period prior to the initiation of the surge. The effect likely involves a disruption in catecholamine synthesis and requires larger doses as the temporal distance from a time of heightened sensitivity increases. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,ENDOCRINOL GERONTOL SECT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. NR 37 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(93)90226-W PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA LD927 UT WOS:A1993LD92700004 PM 8318751 ER PT J AU BERMAN, E LASKEY, JW AF BERMAN, E LASKEY, JW TI ALTERED STEROIDOGENESIS IN WHOLE-OVARY AND ADRENAL CULTURE IN CYCLING RATS SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OVARY CULTURE; STEROIDOGENESIS; AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE; ADRENAL; PHENOLSULFONTHALEIN; RAT ID PHENOL RED; AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE AB Cultures of minced, whole-ovary (whole-ovary culture) were used to determine if three selected chemicals altered steroidogenic profiles. First, phenolsulfonthalein (PST), when used in culture medium, was tested for its influence on in vitro steroidogenesis. Next, aminoglutethimide (AGTP; 0 or 150 mg/kg once) and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP; 0 or 1500 mg/kg/day for 10 days) were administered in vivo to young adult cycling rats, and the ovaries and adrenals were removed and cultured for 1 h. Ovarian steroidogenic profiles of progesterone (P), testosterone (T), and estradiol (E) release into the medium were measured using radioimmunoassay techniques. PST in medium significantly decreased ovarian P production and altered T and E production so that the T/E ratio was significantly altered. Therefore, PST was excluded in the later studies. DEHP altered steroid profiles so that proestrus appeared to be delayed. AGTP decreased P and E production significantly, and T production was increased slightly in proestrus ovaries. These AGTP alterations in T and E resulted in a highly significant increase in the T/E ratio. Adrenals from the DEHP and AGTP experiments were also cultured for 1 h, and P was assayed in the medium. AGTP, but not DEHP, significantly increased the production of P in adrenals. Whole-ovary culture is recommended as an in vitro test for chemicals suspected of interfering with steroidogenesis in vivo. This test model should be placed strategically between in vivo studies of reproductive toxicity and complex in vitro mechanistic studies. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV DEV TOXICOL,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,MD-72,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(93)90024-2 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA LU573 UT WOS:A1993LU57300007 PM 8400624 ER PT J AU VU, VT AF VU, VT TI REGULATORY APPROACHES TO REDUCE HUMAN HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURES TO MINERAL FIBERS SO REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY LA English DT Review RP VU, VT (reprint author), US EPA, OFF POLLUT & PREVENT & TOX, 401 M ST SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0275-0279 J9 REV MINERAL JI Rev. Mineral. PY 1993 VL 28 BP 545 EP 554 PG 10 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA MJ529 UT WOS:A1993MJ52900019 ER PT J AU DOURSON, ML AF DOURSON, ML TI REFERENCE DOSE OF THE UNITED-STATES-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-AGENCY SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Biological Monitoring, Carcinogenicity and Risk Assessment of Trace Elements, as 3rd International Conference on Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease CY MAY 25-29, 1992 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP INT SOC TRACE ELEMENTS RES HUMANS, INT COMMISS OCCUPAT HLTH, SCI COMM TOXICOL MET, INT AGCY RES CANC, INT LIFE SCI INST ID RISK ASSESSMENT; RFD RP DOURSON, ML (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,26 MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1993 VL 19 SU 1 BP 115 EP 118 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MW461 UT WOS:A1993MW46100025 PM 8159958 ER PT J AU WAGNER, GH BRODER, MW AF WAGNER, GH BRODER, MW TI MICROBIAL PROGRESSION IN THE DECOMPOSITION OF CORN STALK RESIDUE IN SOIL SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB A field experiment was conducted to monitor decomposition of corn stalk residue and the concomitant development of the microbial population inhabiting the residue. The quantitative and qualitative involvement of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi were examined during the course of decay. The soil in which the study was conducted had a mean annual microbial biomass of 71 g.m-2 to a depth of 10 cm. The maximum biomass associated with the corn residues was 14 g.m-2 of which 85% was fungal. During the active period of the first year, approximately 70% of the residue was lost. By relating residue (substrate) utilization to population estimates over time, the mean first year generation time for microbial biomass was calculated as 10 days, with the peak activity demonstrating a generation time <1 day. The peak fungal growth rate was 0.008 g biomass (dry).g-1 of residue.day-1. The initial predominant invading fungal genus was Myrothecium. C1 EPA,OFF PESTICIDES & TOX SUBSTANCES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP WAGNER, GH (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,SCH NAT RESOURCES,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 155 IS 1 BP 48 EP 52 DI 10.1097/00010694-199301000-00007 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KK130 UT WOS:A1993KK13000007 ER PT J AU KERN, JS JOHNSON, MG AF KERN, JS JOHNSON, MG TI CONSERVATION TILLAGE IMPACTS ON NATIONAL SOIL AND ATMOSPHERIC CARBON LEVELS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; WINTER-WHEAT; NO-TILL; NITROGEN; SYSTEMS; CULTIVATION; ECONOMICS; ROTATION AB Soil organic matter is the largest global terrestrial C pool and is a source of CO2, CH4, and other greenhouse gases. Changes in soil organic C (SOC) content and fossil fuel C emissions in response to conversion of conventional tillage to conservation tillage in the contiguous USA for field crop production by the year 2020 were projected by developing a model based on published data, and geographic databases of current conservation tillage usage and agricultural SOC. Three scenarios of conservation tillage use, 27% (current usage), 57% (Scenario 2), and 76% (Scenario 3) of field cropland planted, were considered. The SOC content for major field crops to 30-cm depth was 5304 to 8654 Tg C (Tg = 10(12) g), with 1710 to 2831 Tg C at 0- to 8-cm depth, and 1383 to 2240 Tg C at 8- to 15-cm depth. Maintaining current levels of conventional tillage until 2020 would result in 31 to 52 Tg SOC loss. Scenario 2 conventional tillage resulted in 18 to 30 Tg C SOC loss, and Scenario 3 yielded 9 to 16 Tg SOC loss, which were C savings of 21 to 36 Tg C over maintaining current levels of tillage. Conversion of conventional tillage to no-till resulted in 80 to 129 Tg C gain in soil for Scenario 2, and 286 to 468 Tg C for Scenario 3. No-till and conventional tillage had similar SOC contents below the 15-cm depth. Minimum tillage conserved current levels of SOC but did not consistently increase SOC above levels of conventional tillage. Fossil fuel emissions from field manipulations and herbicide production for conventional tillage are 53 kg C ha-1 yr-1, minimum tillage is 45 kg C ha-1 yr-1, and 29 kg C ha-1 yr-1 for no-till. Fuel emissions for maintaining current levels of tillage practices are 157 Tg C, 149 Tg C for Scenario 2, and 146 Tg C for Scenario 3 for 30 yr. Increasing the amount of conservation tillage to Scenario 3 levels will change these agricultural systems from sources of C (188-209 Tg C) to C sinks (131-306 Tg C). The SOC benefit of Scenario 3 (277-452 Tg C) is equivalent to 0.7 to 1.1% of the total projected U.S. fossil fuel C emissions for the next 30 yr. RP KERN, JS (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 63 TC 325 Z9 364 U1 4 U2 59 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 200 EP 210 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KW022 UT WOS:A1993KW02200035 ER PT B AU PRESTON, EM RIBIC, CA AF PRESTON, EM RIBIC, CA BE Finch, DM Stangel, PW TI EMAP AND OTHER TOOLS FOR MEASURING BIODIVERSITY, HABITAT CONDITIONS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRENDS SO STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Training Workshop on Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds CY SEP 21-25, 1992 CL YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR, ESTES PK, CO SP US FISH & WILD SERV, US FOREST SERV, US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT, US NATL PK SERV, US DEPT DEF, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST, ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, NATL FISH & WILDLIFE FDN HO YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB CORVALLIS,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 229 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BZ66Z UT WOS:A1993BZ66Z00025 ER PT B AU FREEMARK, KE PROBST, JR DUNNING, JB HEJL, SJ AF FREEMARK, KE PROBST, JR DUNNING, JB HEJL, SJ BE Finch, DM Stangel, PW TI ADDING A LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY PERSPECTIVE TO CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT PLANNING SO STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Training Workshop on Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds CY SEP 21-25, 1992 CL YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR, ESTES PK, CO SP US FISH & WILD SERV, US FOREST SERV, US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT, US NATL PK SERV, US DEPT DEF, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST, ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, NATL FISH & WILDLIFE FDN HO YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ENVIRONM CANADA,CANADIAN WILDLIFE SERV,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 229 BP 346 EP 352 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BZ66Z UT WOS:A1993BZ66Z00042 ER PT B AU BUFFUM, HW ROSEN, JS LATIMER, RW AF BUFFUM, HW ROSEN, JS LATIMER, RW GP SAS USERS GRP INT TI THE FILEVAR OPTION - A TOOL FOR MANAGEMENT OF LARGE NUMBERS OF RAW DATA FILES SO SUGI 18: PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL SAS USERS GROUP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual SAS Users Group International Conference (SUGI 18) CY MAY 09-12, 1993 CL NEW YORK, NY SP SAS USERS GRP INT C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAS INST INC PI CARY PA SAS CIRCLE, PO BOX 8000, CARY, NC 27511 BN 1-55544-550-0 PY 1993 BP 218 EP 221 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BA72C UT WOS:A1993BA72C00034 ER PT B AU BACHELET, D VANSICKLE, J GAY, CA AF BACHELET, D VANSICKLE, J GAY, CA BE PenningdeVries, F Teng, P Metselaar, K TI The impacts of climate change on rice yield: Evaluation of the efficacy of different modeling approaches SO SYSTEMS APPROACHES FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT SE SYSTEMS APPROACHES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Systems Approaches for Agricultural Development CY DEC 02-06, 1991 CL ASIAN INST TECHNOL, BANGKOK, THAILAND SP Simulat & Syst Anal Rice Prod Project, Int Benchmark Soils Network Agrotechnol Transfer Project HO ASIAN INST TECHNOL DE ASIA; CERES-RICE; CLIMATE CHANGE; CULTIVATED AREA; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; MACROS; MODEL VALIDATION; PESTS; RICE; RICE ECOSYSTEM; RICESYS; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SIMULATION; WEED; YIELD LEVELS; YIELD TREND C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-1880-3 J9 SYST APPR S PY 1993 VL 2 BP 145 EP 174 PG 30 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD39U UT WOS:A1993BD39U00009 ER PT J AU KITCHIN, KT BROWN, JL KULKARNI, AP AF KITCHIN, KT BROWN, JL KULKARNI, AP TI PREDICTING RODENT CARCINOGENICITY OF HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS BY IN-VIVO BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS SO TERATOGENESIS CARCINOGENESIS AND MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE LIVER CARCINOGENESIS; PREDICTIVE TESTS; PROMOTERS; NONGENOTOXIC CARCINOGENS; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; FEMALE RAT-LIVER; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATORS; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; TUMOR PROMOTION; SALMONELLA; INDUCTION; ASSAY; MUTAGENICITY AB Forty halogenated hydrocarbons of known rodent carcinogenicity (24 carcinogens, 16 noncarcinogens), including many promoters of carcinogenesis, nongenotoxic carcinogens, and hepatocarcinogens, were selected for study. The chemicals were administered by gavage in two dose levels to female Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of these 40 chemicals on four biochemical assays [hepatic DNA damage by alkaline elution (DD), hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC), serum alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT), and hepatic cytochrome P-450 content (P450)] were determined. Composite predictive parameters are defined as follows: CP = [ODC and P450], CT = [ALT and ODC], and TS = [DD or CP or CT]. The operational characteristics of TS for predicting rodent cancer were sensitivity 58%, specificity 81%, positive predictivity 82%, negative predictivity 57%, and concordance 68%. The concordance for the Ames test (45%) and structural alerts (SA; 46%) was much lower. TS also outperformed the Ames test and SA in producing fewer false positives (the specificity of TS was 81% vs. only 63% for the Ames test and 57% for SA). For predicting the carcinogenicity of the most difficult halogenated hydrocarbons (Ames and SA negative chemicals), TS was capable of successfully predicting the carcinogenicity of 8 (carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, kepone, mirex, monuron, p,p'-DDE, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol) out of 16 of these non-DNA-reactive halogenated hydrocarbon carcinogens. All 8 of these halogenated hydrocarbons were positive in either CP or CT. This evidence shows that nongenotoxic carcinogenesis is best predicted by riongenotoxic parameters such as CP or Cr (components of the predictor TS). (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss. Inc.* C1 UNIV S FLORIDA, COLL PUBL HLTH, FLORIDA TOXICOL RES CTR, TAMPA, FL 33620 USA. RP KITCHIN, KT (reprint author), US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, DIV GENET TOXICOL, CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH, MD-68, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-3211 J9 TERATOGEN CARCIN MUT JI Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. PY 1993 VL 13 IS 4 BP 167 EP 184 DI 10.1002/tcm.1770130403 PG 18 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA LY250 UT WOS:A1993LY25000002 PM 7903485 ER PT J AU MCKINNEY, J AF MCKINNEY, J TI METALS BIOAVAILABILITY AND DISPOSITION KINETICS RESEARCH NEEDS WORKSHOP JULY 18-19, 1990 SO TOXICOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material DE HEAVY METALS; BIOAVAILABILITY; DISPOSITION KINETICS; METALS BIOAVAILABILITY ID NONNEOPLASTIC RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; LUNG-CANCER; URINARY-EXCRETION; NICKEL COMPOUNDS; DRINKING-WATER; VITAMIN-E; ALUMINUM; CHROMIUM; TOXICITY RP MCKINNEY, J (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,OFF HLTH RES,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 218 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0277-2248 J9 TOXICOL ENVIRON CHEM PY 1993 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 71 DI 10.1080/02772249309357876 PG 71 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LN875 UT WOS:A1993LN87500001 ER PT B AU Devereux, R Kurtz, J Mundfrom, G AF Devereux, R Kurtz, J Mundfrom, G BE Guerrero, R PedrosAlio, C TI Molecular phylogenetic explorations of natural microbial community composition and diversity SO TRENDS IN MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Microbial Ecology (ISME-6) CY SEP 06-11, 1992 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Int Comm Microbial Ecol, Spanish Soc Microbiol, Catalan Soc Biol, UNESCO, UNEP, IUMS, FEMS DE sulfate-reducing bacteria; ribosomal RNA C1 US EPA,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPANISH SOCIETY MICROBIOLOGY PI BARCELONA PA APARTADO 16009, E-08080 BARCELONA, SPAIN BN 84-604-7996-X PY 1993 BP 387 EP 390 PG 4 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA BE61G UT WOS:A1993BE61G00083 ER PT S AU ROGERS, KR AF ROGERS, KR BE Guilbault, GG Mascini, M TI IMMOBILIZED BIOMOLECULES FOR DETECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS SO USES OF IMMOBILIZED BIOLOGICAL COMPOUNDS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES E, APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Uses of Immobilized Biological Compounds CY MAY 09-14, 1993 CL BRIXEN, ITALY SP NATO C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-132X BN 0-7923-2529-X J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1993 VL 252 BP 477 EP 487 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA BA36D UT WOS:A1993BA36D00046 ER PT J AU LIPSCOMB, TP HARRIS, RK MOELLER, RB PLETCHER, JM HAEBLER, RJ BALLACHEY, BE AF LIPSCOMB, TP HARRIS, RK MOELLER, RB PLETCHER, JM HAEBLER, RJ BALLACHEY, BE TI HISTOPATHOLOGIC LESIONS IN SEA OTTERS EXPOSED TO CRUDE-OIL SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CRUDE OIL; EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL; INTERSTITIAL PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA; PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON; SEA OTTERS ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; CONTAMINATION AB Following the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, sea otters (Enhydra lutris) that appeared to be contaminated with oil, that were in danger of becoming contaminated, or that were behaving abnormally were captured and taken to rehabilitation centers. Exposure to oil was assessed by visual examination when otters arrived at the centers. Degree of oil exposure was graded according to the following criteria: oil covering greater than 60% of the body-heavily contaminated; oil covering 30-60% of the body-moderately contaminated; oil covering less than 30% of the body or light sheen on fur-lightly contaminated. If there was no oil visible, otters were considered uncontaminated. Tissues from 51 oil-contaminated sea otters (14 males, 37 females) and from six uncontaminated sea otters (three males, three females) that died in rehabilitation centers were examined histologically. Among oil-contaminated sea otters, 19/46 had interstitial pulmonary emphysema, 13/40 had gastric erosion and hemorrhage, 11/47 had centrilobular hepatic necrosis, 14/47 had periportal to diffuse hepatic lipidosis, and 10/42 had renal tubular lipidosis. Of the uncontaminated sea otters, 1/6 had gastric erosion and hemorrhage and 1/6 had diffuse hepatic lipidosis. Histologic examinations were performed on tissues from five sea otters (three males, two females) found dead with external oil present 15 to 16 days after the spill. Periportal hepatic lipidosis and renal tubular lipidosis were found in 3/5, and interstitial pulmonary emphysema was found in 1/5. Tissues from six apparently normal sea otters (four males, two females) collected from an area not affected by an oil spill were examined histologically, and none of these lesions were found. We conclude that interstitial pulmonary emphysema, centrilobular hepatic necrosis, and hepatic and renal lipidosis of sea otters were associated with exposure to crude oil. Gastric erosion and hemorrhage may have been associated with stress of captivity and/or oil exposure. C1 US EPA,ECOSYST BRANCH,NARRAGANSETT,RI. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK. RP LIPSCOMB, TP (reprint author), ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT VET PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306, USA. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 30 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA KJ715 UT WOS:A1993KJ71500001 PM 8442322 ER PT J AU EDNEY, EO DRISCOLL, DJ AF EDNEY, EO DRISCOLL, DJ TI LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS OF THE DEPOSITION OF OXIDATION-PRODUCTS OF HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS (HCFCS) AND HYDROFLUOROCARBONS (HFCS) TO AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID SO2; GASES AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the deposition to aqueous media of the gas phase oxidation products of the following hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs): HCFC-22 (CClF2H), HFC-41 (CH3F), HCFC-123 (CCl2HCF3), HCFC-124 (CClFHCF3), HFC-125 (CF3CF2H), HFC-134a (CF3CFH2), HCFC-141b (CCl2FCH3), HCFC-142b (CClF2CH3), and HFC-152a (CF2HCH3). Single component experiments were conducted were the oxidation products CF3CFO, COF2, CF3C(O)Cl were exposed under laminar flow conditions to alkaline, acidic, and neutral solutions in a aluminum exposure trough. The anionic composition of the exposure solutions were used to determine the effective deposition velocity. Exposures to neutral solutions were also conducted for irradiated HFC and HCFC/Cl2/air mixtures. The combined single component and irradiated mixture experiments were used to measure the effective deposition velocities of C(O)F2, C(O)FCl, HFC(O), CF(O)OOCF(O), CF3CCl(O), CF3CF(O). The deposition velocities differed by as much as a factor of two with the largest velocities found for C(O)F2 and CFCF(O). The data were insufficient to determine the extent to which gas and liquid phase resistance controlled the overall deposition. However, the data were used to estimate lower limits for the laboratory aqueous resistance and the results were found to be consistent with the recent conclusions of Wine and Chameides who reported the deposition of the oxidation products to oceans and cloudwater was sufficiently fast that there was little likelihood that the products would be transported to the stratosphere. RP EDNEY, EO (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 110 DI 10.1007/BF00477062 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA KP578 UT WOS:A1993KP57800005 ER PT J AU YOUNG, JC TABAK, HH AF YOUNG, JC TABAK, HH TI MULTILEVEL PROTOCOL FOR ASSESSING THE FATE AND EFFECT OF TOXIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS IN ANAEROBIC TREATMENT PROCESSES SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ANAEROBIC PROCESSES; BIODEGRADATION; FATE AND EFFECT; KINETICS, PROTOCOL; TOXICANT DEGRADATION; TOXICITY ASSESSMENT ID BIODEGRADATION; KINETICS; INHIBITION; SUBSTRATE AB A multilevel protocol has been developed to provide a consistent and repeatable means of determining fate and effect of toxic organic chemicals in anaerobic wastewater treatment processes. Level I consists of a three-step screening protocol for assessing toxicant effect on organic cosubstrate transformations. Level II is a cosubstrate kinetics protocol designed to reveal the effect of toxic organic chemicals on the kinetics of acetogenic and methanogenic transformations. Level III is a toxicant degradation kinetics protocol. The protocol test approach represents a composite of conditions and procedures used by a number of investigators of anaerobic reactions. It permits a wide latitude in specific reactor sizes and types and in measurement techniques as long as the basic culture, chemical and physical environment, and substrates are maintained as prescribed. Examples are presented to illustrate the type of test results that can be expected when using the protocol. C1 US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP YOUNG, JC (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,212 SACKETT BLDG,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 65 IS 1 BP 34 EP 45 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KM089 UT WOS:A1993KM08900005 ER PT J AU SORIAL, GA SUIDAN, MT VIDIC, RD BRENNER, RC AF SORIAL, GA SUIDAN, MT VIDIC, RD BRENNER, RC TI EFFECT OF GAC CHARACTERISTICS ON ADSORPTION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ACTIVATED CARBON; ADSORPTION; ISOTHERMS; PHENOLS ID ACTIVATED CARBON; IRREVERSIBLE ADSORPTION; PHENOL; WATER AB The impact of the characteristics of granular activated carbon (GAC) on adsorption capacity and on the potential for polymerization of phenolic compounds on the surface of GAC in the presence of molecular oxygen is evaluated in this study. Adsorption isotherm data were collected for p-chlorophenol on five activated carbons; three manufactured from bituminous coal, one manufactured from lignite coal, and one manufactured from wood. These isotherms were collected under anoxic (absence of molecular oxygen) and oxic (presence of molecular oxygen) conditions. Higher extraction efficiencies of the carbons used in the oxic isotherms were obtained for the carbons that exhibited lower increases in capacities when compared to anoxic isotherms. Furthermore, no impact of the presence of oxygen on adsorption capacity was noted for the wood base carbon. Breakthrough curves developed for p-chlorophenol on the five carbons studied have shown tailing effects for the carbons that demonstrated differences in capacities under oxic and anoxic conditions whereas no tailing was noticed for the wood base carbon. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,741 BALDWIN,ML 0071,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US EPA,RREL,BIOSYST ENGN SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. OI Vidic, Radisav/0000-0001-7969-6845 NR 13 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 65 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KM089 UT WOS:A1993KM08900007 ER PT B AU SORRELL, RK HAUTMAN, DP AF SORRELL, RK HAUTMAN, DP GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI A SIMPLE CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUE FOR THE ANALYSIS OF BROMATE AT LOW-LEVELS IN DRINKING-WATER SO WATER QUALITY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE 1992, PTS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Water Quality Technology Conference CY NOV 15-19, 1992 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,DIV TECH SUPPORT,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-678-9 PY 1993 BP 281 EP 290 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BB56V UT WOS:A1993BB56V00121 ER PT B AU GELDREICH, EE AF GELDREICH, EE GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI WATERBORNE PATHOGEN INVASIONS - A CASE FOR WATER-QUALITY PROTECTION IN DISTRIBUTION SO WATER QUALITY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE 1992, PTS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Water Quality Technology Conference CY NOV 15-19, 1992 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RS,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-678-9 PY 1993 BP 599 EP 616 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BB56V UT WOS:A1993BB56V00037 ER PT B AU MILTNER, RJ SUMMERS, S WANG, J SWERTFEGER, J RICE, EW AF MILTNER, RJ SUMMERS, S WANG, J SWERTFEGER, J RICE, EW GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI THE RESPONSE OF BIOLOGICAL FILTERS TO BACKWASHING SO WATER QUALITY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE 1992, PTS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Water Quality Technology Conference CY NOV 15-19, 1992 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-678-9 PY 1993 BP 657 EP 680 PG 24 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BB56V UT WOS:A1993BB56V00040 ER PT B AU LYTLE, DA SCHOCK, MR TACKETT, S AF LYTLE, DA SCHOCK, MR TACKETT, S GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI METAL CORROSION COUPON CONTAMINATION, CORROSION STUDY DESIGN, AND INTERPRETATION PROBLEMS SO WATER QUALITY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE 1992, PTS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Water Quality Technology Conference CY NOV 15-19, 1992 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-678-9 PY 1993 BP 737 EP 757 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BB56V UT WOS:A1993BB56V00043 ER PT B AU WYSOCK, BM SANDVIG, AM SCHOCK, MR FREBIS, CP PROKOP, B AF WYSOCK, BM SANDVIG, AM SCHOCK, MR FREBIS, CP PROKOP, B GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI STATISTICAL PROCEDURES FOR CORROSION STUDIES SO WATER QUALITY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE 1992, PTS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Water Quality Technology Conference CY NOV 15-19, 1992 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-678-9 PY 1993 BP 799 EP 837 PG 39 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BB56V UT WOS:A1993BB56V00046 ER PT B AU OHANIAN, EV AF OHANIAN, EV GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI THE SCIENCE BEHIND THE MCLG FOR DRINKING-WATER CONTAMINANTS SO WATER QUALITY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE 1992, PTS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Water Quality Technology Conference CY NOV 15-19, 1992 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,OFF WATER,OFF SCI & TECHNOL,HUMAN RISK ASSESSMENT BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-678-9 PY 1993 BP 1977 EP 1978 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BB56V UT WOS:A1993BB56V00111 ER PT B AU CLARK, RM DRESSMAN, RC LYKINS, BW AF CLARK, RM DRESSMAN, RC LYKINS, BW GP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC TI NEW TREATMENT TECHNIQUES AND THE MCL SO WATER QUALITY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE 1992, PTS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Water Quality Technology Conference CY NOV 15-19, 1992 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC C1 US EPA,DRINKING WATER RES DIV,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 WEST QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 BN 0-89867-678-9 PY 1993 BP 1979 EP 2008 PG 30 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BB56V UT WOS:A1993BB56V00112 ER PT J AU WEBER, EJ STICKNEY, VC AF WEBER, EJ STICKNEY, VC TI HYDROLYSIS KINETICS OF REACTIVE BLUE 19-VINYL SULFONE SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE REACTIVE BLUE-19; REACTIVE BLUE 19-VINYL SULFONE; REACTIVE DYES; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; HYDROLYSIS KINETICS; BASIC HYDROLYSIS AB The hydrolysis kinetics of Reactive Blue 19-Vinyl Sulfone (RB 19-VS) were studied in phosphate buffer over a pH range of 4-11 and a temperature range of 25-85-degrees-C. The hydrolysis of RB 19-VS is base-mediated and leads to quantitative formation of the 2-hydroxyethylsulfone (RB 19-OH). The half-life for RB 19-VS at pH = 7.0 at 25-degrees-C vas calculated to be 46 years. RP WEBER, EJ (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 12 TC 90 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(93)90195-N PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA KC080 UT WOS:A1993KC08000008 ER PT J AU NARAYANAN, B SUIDAN, MT GELDERLOOS, AB BRENNER, RC AF NARAYANAN, B SUIDAN, MT GELDERLOOS, AB BRENNER, RC TI TREATMENT OF SEMIVOLATILE COMPOUNDS IN HIGH-STRENGTH WASTES USING AN ANAEROBIC EXPANDED-BED GAC REACTOR SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON (GAC); ANAEROBIC PROCESSES; EXPANDED-BED; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND; ORTHOCHLOROPHENOL; NITROBENZENE; NAPHTHALENE; PARA-NITROPHENOL; LINDANE; DIBUTYL PHTHALATE ID HALOGENATED ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; COAL-GASIFICATION WASTEWATER; ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; SLUDGE; WATER AB The potential of the anaerobic, expanded-bed granular activated carbon (GAC) reactor in treating a high strength waste containing RCRA semivolatile organic compounds (VOCs) was studied. Six semivolatiles, orthochlorophenol, nitrobenzene, naphthalene, para-nitrophenol, lindane, and dibutyl phthalate, were fed to the reactor in a high strength matrix of background solvents consisting of acetate, acetone and methanol. Performance was evaluated over a period of days. The reactor was found to effect complete removal of all the semivolatile compounds with the exception of orthochlorophenol. Removal of orthochlorophenol ranged from 77 to 99%. Removal of all the semivolatiles was elucidated relative to adsorption and biodegradation. With the exception of naphthalene, which was found to be completely removed by adsorption, all the other semivolatiles were removed primarily by biodegradation. COD removals in excess of 90% were also observed throughout the study. C1 MALCOLM PIRNIE INC,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606. UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US EPA,RREL,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP NARAYANAN, B (reprint author), JOHN CAROLLO ENGINEERS,450 N WIGET LANE,WALNUT CREEK,CA 94598, USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(93)90209-Z PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA KC080 UT WOS:A1993KC08000022 ER PT J AU NARAYANAN, B SUIDAN, MT GELDERLOOS, AB BRENNER, RC AF NARAYANAN, B SUIDAN, MT GELDERLOOS, AB BRENNER, RC TI TREATMENT OF VOCS IN HIGH-STRENGTH WASTES USING AN ANAEROBIC EXPANDED-BED GAC REACTOR SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON (GAC); ANAEROBIC PROCESSES; FLUIDIZED-BED; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND (VOC); CHLOROFORM; CARBON TETRACHLORIDE; CHLOROBENZENE; METHYLENE CHLORIDE; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE (PCE); TRICHLOROETHYLENE (TCE); VINYL CHLORIDE; TOLUENE ID COAL-GASIFICATION WASTEWATER; ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; METHANOGENIC CONDITIONS; DEGRADATION; TETRACHLOROMETHANE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; DICHLOROMETHANE; 1-CARBON; CHLORIDE AB The potential of the expanded-bed granular activated carbon (GAC) anaerobic reactor in treating a high strength waste containing RCRA volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was studied. A total of six VOCs, methylene chloride, chlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, toluene and tetrachloroethylene, were fed to the reactor in a high strength matrix of background solvents. Performance was evaluated. The reactor was found to effect excellent removal of all VOCs (97%). Chloroform, while itself removed at levels in excess of 97%, was found to inhibit the degradation of acetate and acetone, two of the background solvents. Without any source of chloroform in the feed, excellent COD removals were obtained in addition to near-complete removal of all the VOCs. C1 MALCOLM PIRNIE INC,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606. UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. US EPA,RREL,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP NARAYANAN, B (reprint author), JOHN CAROLLO ENGINEERS,450 N WIGET LANE,WALNUT CREEK,CA 94598, USA. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1 BP 181 EP 194 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(93)90210-9 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA KC080 UT WOS:A1993KC08000023 ER PT B AU WILCHER, LS AF WILCHER, LS BE Reuss, M TI SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - AN ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION CHALLENGE SO WATER RESOURCES ADMINISTRATION IN THE UNITED STATES: POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EMERGING ISSUES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Water-Resources-Association National Forum on Water Management Policy CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, NATL CAPITAL SECT, AMER PUBLIC WORKS ASSOC, US BUR RECLAMAT, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, INTERSTATE COUNCIL WATER POLICY, SALT RIVER PROJECT, US SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT SERV, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, US EPA C1 US EPA,OFF WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MICHIGAN STATE UNIV PRESS PI E LANSING PA 1405 S HARRISON RD SUITE 25, MANLY MILES BLDG, E LANSING, MI 48823-5202 BN 0-87013-333-0 PY 1993 BP 130 EP 140 PG 11 WC Economics; Engineering, Environmental; Political Science; Public Administration; Water Resources SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Government & Law; Public Administration; Water Resources GA BA87R UT WOS:A1993BA87R00011 ER PT J AU MASUNAGA, S WOLFE, NL CARRIERA, L AF MASUNAGA, S WOLFE, NL CARRIERA, L TI TRANSFORMATION OF PARASUBSTITUTED BENZONITRILES IN SEDIMENT AND IN SEDIMENT EXTRACT SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Specialized Conference on Contaminated Aquatic Sediments: Historical Records, Environmental Impact, and Remediation CY JUN 14-16, 1993 CL MILWAUKEE, WI DE BENZONITRILE; SEDIMENT; SEDIMENT EXTRACT; HYDROLYSIS; TRANSFORMATION RATE CONSTANT; QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP (QSAR) ID C-N CLEAVAGE; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DEGRADATION; METABOLISM; ENZYMOLOGY; NITRILES; SOIL AB Degradation mechanisms of chemicals in sediment must be known in order to permit more accurate assessment of aquatic pollutants. One possible degradation mechanism -- abiotic transformation -- has received little attention, however. In this study, the abiotic transformation of parasubstituted benzonitriles in an extract prepared by protein extraction from sediment was compared with that in raw sediment and in water. In water, the benzonitriles were hydrolyzed to benzoic acid through benzamides at elevated temperature. In anaerobic river sediment, the benzonitriles were transformed to the corresponding benzoic acids, except for iodo- and methoxy-derivatives. In the sediment extract, the benzonitriles, including iodo- and methoxy-derivatives, were transformed to benzoic acids. Benzonitrile transformation did not produce benzamides as intermediates in the latter two media. Transformation in sediment and in sediment extract must have been mediated by an enzyme whose activity is similar to that of nitrilase. Analyses using quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) were carried out with the three sets of rate constants measured in the three media. The rate constants in sediment and sediment extract were correlated mainly with the hydrophobicity substituent parameter pi. Rate constants for purely chemical hydrolysis in water were correlated with the electronic substituent parameter Hammett sigma(p). These results showed that the reaction mechanisms in sediment and sediment extract resembled each other and indicate that the abiotic reaction mediated by the extracted sediment protein fraction was responsible for at least part of the reaction occurring in raw sediment. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605. TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,ATHENS,GA 30605. RP MASUNAGA, S (reprint author), NATL INST RESOURCES & ENVIRONM,16-3 ONOGAWA,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. RI Masunaga, Shigeki/F-1315-2011 OI Masunaga, Shigeki/0000-0003-0608-2337 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 28 IS 8-9 BP 123 EP 132 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA ND452 UT WOS:A1993ND45200014 ER PT J AU FREDERICK, RE DRESSING, SA AF FREDERICK, RE DRESSING, SA TI TECHNICAL GUIDANCE FOR IMPLEMENTING BMPS IN THE COASTAL ZONE SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONF ON DIFFUSE ( NONPOINT ) POLLUTION : SOURCES, PREVENTION, IMPACT, ABATEMENT CY SEP 19-24, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP INT ASSOC WATER QUAL, USDA, WORKING GRP WATER QUAL, US DEPT TRANSPORT, FED HIGHWAY ADM, US EPA, REG 5, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ATHENS MARQUETTE UNIV DE COASTAL WATERS; NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION; MANAGEMENT MEASURES; BMPS; COASTAL ZONE; TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) released the Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters on January 14, 1993. This document is EPA's technical guidance on the best affordable ways to reduce or prevent nonpoint source (NPS) pollution in the coastal zone. The authors believe that it is currently the most comprehensive summary of best management practices (BMPs) available. The guidance contains BMPs for the control of NPS pollution from agriculture, forestry, urban areas, marinas, and hydromodification (channels, dams, and streams and shoreline erosion). Wetlands, riparian areas, and vegetated treatment systems are addressed in the guidance as additional options to control nonpoint pollution. The guidance also includes monitoring and compliance tracking techniques to accompany the management measures. EPA and NOAA are developing approaches to help states, local governments, and affected parties understand and use the technical guidance in their coastal nonpoint sources programs. Although final decisions have not yet been made, this paper summarizes the current thinking regarding this technical assistance. RP FREDERICK, RE (reprint author), US EPA,OFF WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 28 IS 3-5 BP 129 EP 135 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA MA148 UT WOS:A1993MA14800015 ER PT J AU DILKS, DW HELFAND, JS BIERMAN, VJ BURKHARD, L AF DILKS, DW HELFAND, JS BIERMAN, VJ BURKHARD, L TI FIELD APPLICATION OF A STEADY-STATE MASS-BALANCE MODEL FOR HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS IN AN ESTUARINE SYSTEM SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Specialized Conference on Contaminated Aquatic Sediments: Historical Records, Environmental Impact, and Remediation CY JUN 14-16, 1993 CL MILWAUKEE, WI DE SEDIMENT QUALITY CRITERIA; MASS BALANCE MODELING; HEXACHLOROBENZENE; HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE; HEXACHLOROETHANE; 1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE AB A one-dimensional, steady-state mass balance model was applied to describe instream and sediment concentrations of four hydrophobic organic chemicals in a discharge canal and receiving water bayou. The chemicals examined were hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene, hexachloroethane, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The objective of the study was to test a mass balance modeling approach for relating point source effluents to resulting sediment concentration, in support of future implementation of national sediment quality criteria (SQC). The modeling effort relied upon ambient monitoring data that were collected for purposes other than supporting a modeling effort. Given data uncertainties and assumptions in the modeling framework, model results were reasonably consistent with observations in the receiving water bayou. There were large discrepancies between model results and observed sediment concentrations in the discharge canal. These discrepancies are likely caused by an undocumented source of chemicals to the canal sediments, due to historical landfilling of wastes; and/or canal sediment concentrations being in temporal disequilibrium, due to historically higher chemical loading. The merits of steady-state versus time-variable models for describing sediment quality are compared. Steady-state models are most appropriate for effluent permitting purposes, where the objective is to determine the long-term relationship between wastewater loads and resulting sediment concentrations. A time-variable model framework will be required to establish model credibility for situations where the steady-state assumption is violated, although the required information on historical chemical loads is often unavailable. C1 LIMNO TECH INC,S BEND,IN 46637. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP DILKS, DW (reprint author), LIMNO TECH INC,2395 HURON PKWY,ANN ARBOR,MI 48104, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 28 IS 8-9 BP 263 EP 271 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA ND452 UT WOS:A1993ND45200029 ER PT J AU PITT, R LALOR, M FIELD, R BROWN, M AF PITT, R LALOR, M FIELD, R BROWN, M TI THE INVESTIGATION OF SOURCE AREA CONTROLS FOR THE TREATMENT OF URBAN STORMWATER TOXICANTS SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONF ON DIFFUSE ( NONPOINT ) POLLUTION : SOURCES, PREVENTION, IMPACT, ABATEMENT CY SEP 19-24, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP INT ASSOC WATER QUAL, USDA, WORKING GRP WATER QUAL, US DEPT TRANSPORT, FED HIGHWAY ADM, US EPA, REG 5, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ATHENS MARQUETTE UNIV DE STORMWATER, ORGANIC AND METALLIC TOXICANTS; TREATABILITY ID RUNOFF; HYDROCARBONS; IMPACTS AB This paper summarizes some of the information obtained during research projects sponsored and directed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Storm and Combined Sewer Research Program. The first phase of the project investigated typical toxicant concentrations in stormwater, the origins of the toxicants, and rain and land-use factors that influenced the toxicant concentrations. All metals investigated were found in all samples, including most filtered sample fractions. Thirteen of the base-neutral and pesticide organic compounds were found in at least ten percent of the samples. The most frequently detected organics were 1,3-dichlorobenzene (maximum concentration of 120 ug/l) and fluoranthene (maximum concentration of 130 ug/l). Both of these compounds were detected in 23 percent of the samples. The second phase of the project investigated the control of stormwater toxicants (measured using the Microtox(R) screening test) through treatment unit processes. The benefits of the treatment processes varied for different samples. However, some of the treatment processes consistently provided the greatest benefits. The most beneficial treatment tests included settling for at least 24 hours (generally 40-90% reductions), screening through at least 40 mum screen (20-70% reductions), and aeration and/or photo-degradation for at least 24 hours (up to 80% reductions). The current project phase, which is just beginning, is testing a prototype treatment device that would be useful for controlling runoff from automobile service facilities, probably the most widespread and significant toxicant source in urban areas. This device is also intended for pretreatment before infiltration of source area runoff from other areas. C1 US EPA,STORM & COMBINED SEWER POLLUT CONTROL PROGRAM,EDISON,NJ 08837. RP PITT, R (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 28 IS 3-5 BP 271 EP 282 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA MA148 UT WOS:A1993MA14800032 ER PT J AU FIELD, R OSHEA, M BROWN, MP AF FIELD, R OSHEA, M BROWN, MP TI THE DETECTION AND DISINFECTION OF PATHOGENS IN STORM-GENERATED FLOWS SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONF ON DIFFUSE ( NONPOINT ) POLLUTION : SOURCES, PREVENTION, IMPACT, ABATEMENT CY SEP 19-24, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP INT ASSOC WATER QUAL, USDA, WORKING GRP WATER QUAL, US DEPT TRANSPORT, FED HIGHWAY ADM, US EPA, REG 5, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ATHENS MARQUETTE UNIV DE STORMWATER; DISINFECTION; MICROORGANISMS; WATER-QUALITY INDICATORS AB A recreational water's disease-producing potential is usually assessed by bacterial indicators of human fecal contamination, however many of these indicator bacteria also originate from soils, vegetation, and animal feces. Stormwater runoff can contain high densities of the nonhuman indicator bacteria and epidemiological studies of recreational waters receiving stormwater runoff have found little correlation between indicator densities and swimming related illnesses. In addition a number of non-enteric pathogens found in stormwater runoff have been linked to respiratory illnesses and skin infections, a risk which is not assessed by the present fecal indicators. Therefore, for receiving waters with predominantly stormwater discharges, the current bacterial indicators are not suited to accurately assess the water's total illness producing capacity. The intermittent and irregular nature of stormwater discharges causes unique disinfection requirements which are discussed in connection with present practices and developments. The need for epidemiological studies to assess the risk from nonhuman and non-enteric pathogens is recommended. RP FIELD, R (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,STORM & COMBINED SEWER PROGRAM,EDISON,NJ 08837, USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 28 IS 3-5 BP 311 EP 315 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA MA148 UT WOS:A1993MA14800036 ER PT J AU DRABKOWSKI, EF AF DRABKOWSKI, EF TI WATER-QUALITY IMPACTS AT ABANDONED HARDROCK MINES SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONF ON DIFFUSE ( NONPOINT ) POLLUTION : SOURCES, PREVENTION, IMPACT, ABATEMENT CY SEP 19-24, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP INT ASSOC WATER QUAL, USDA, WORKING GRP WATER QUAL, US DEPT TRANSPORT, FED HIGHWAY ADM, US EPA, REG 5, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ATHENS MARQUETTE UNIV DE NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION; ABANDONED HARDROCK MINES; SECTION-319 PROGRAM; STORM WATER; ACID MINE DRAINAGE; HEAVY METALS; EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION; BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AB Water quality pollution from abandoned mines is becoming an issue of growing awareness and concern. This concern is exacerbated by the fact that there are countless numbers of inoperative facilities with serious environmental, safety, and health problems. Abandoned tailings piles eroding heavy metals and sediment into watercourses, flooded tunnels and open pits filled with toxic water, unmarked open shafts and adits, and rotting timbers are some of the hazards facing unsuspecting humans and wildlife. The purpose of this paper is to identify and characterize water quality sources at abandoned hardrock mine sites and best management practices (BMPs) used to control polluted runoff. There is a need to clearly define the best approach for controlling nonpoint pollution sources at abandoned mines. These are issues that could be addressed in reauthorization of the Clean Water Act. RP DRABKOWSKI, EF (reprint author), US EPA,NONPOINT SOURCES CONTROL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 28 IS 3-5 BP 399 EP 407 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA MA148 UT WOS:A1993MA14800046 ER PT J AU CHEN, YD MCCUTCHEON, SC RASMUSSEN, TC NUTTER, WL CARSEL, RF AF CHEN, YD MCCUTCHEON, SC RASMUSSEN, TC NUTTER, WL CARSEL, RF TI INTEGRATING WATER-QUALITY MODELING WITH ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION-CONTROL - A CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONF ON DIFFUSE ( NONPOINT ) POLLUTION : SOURCES, PREVENTION, IMPACT, ABATEMENT CY SEP 19-24, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP INT ASSOC WATER QUAL, USDA, WORKING GRP WATER QUAL, US DEPT TRANSPORT, FED HIGHWAY ADM, US EPA, REG 5, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ATHENS MARQUETTE UNIV DE NONPOINT SOURCE (NPS); WATER QUALITY MODELING; ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT; BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPS) AB The historical development of water quality protection goals and strategies in the United States is reviewed. This review leads to the identification and discussion of three components (i.e., management mechanism, environmental investigation approaches, and environmental assessment and criteria) for establishing a management framework for nonpoint source pollution control. Water quality modeling and ecological risk assessment are the two most important and promising approaches to the operation of the proposed management framework. A conceptual framework that shows the general integrative relationships between water quality modeling and ecological risk assessment is presented. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605. RP CHEN, YD (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DANIEL B WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. RI CHEN, Yongqin David/I-4239-2013 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 28 IS 3-5 BP 431 EP 440 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA MA148 UT WOS:A1993MA14800050 ER PT J AU MARSALEK, J BARNWELL, TO GEIGER, W GROTTKER, M HUBER, WC SAUL, AJ SCHILLING, W TORNO, HC AF MARSALEK, J BARNWELL, TO GEIGER, W GROTTKER, M HUBER, WC SAUL, AJ SCHILLING, W TORNO, HC TI URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS - DESIGN AND OPERATION SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SEWERS, TREATMENT PLANTS AND RECEIVING WATERS IN URBAN AREAS ( INTERURBA 92 ) CY APR 06-10, 1992 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP INT ASSOC WATER POLLUT RES & CONTROL, CO GEN EAUX, WATER RES CTR, WATER RES ASSOC, FDN WATER RES, WAGENINGEN AGR UNIV DE URBAN DRAINAGE; SEWER DESIGN; STORM SEWERS; STORMWATER CONTROL AND TREATMENT; COMBINED SEWERS; COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS; REAL TIME CONTROL; COMPUTER MODELS OF URBAN DRAINAGE ID STORM-SEWAGE OVERFLOWS; DENSITY CURRENTS; POLLUTION; DETENTION; MODELS; BASINS; RUNOFF; LOADS AB Design and operation of urban drainage systems are addressed in the context of the urban water system comprising drainage, sewage treatment plants and receiving waters. The planning and design of storm sewers are reviewed with reference to planning objectives, design objectives, flows and pollutant loads, sewer system structures and urban runoff control and treatment. The discussion of combined sewers focuses on hydraulic design of combined sewer systems, including combined sewer overflow (CSO) structures, and the use of CSO structures and storage in control of CSOs. The section on operation of sewer systems focuses on real time control, its feasibility, planning, design, operation and applications. Sewer system planning and design are generally conducted using computer modelling tools and procedures which are reviewed in the last section. A brief listing of selected models focuses on internationally used models. Finally, it was concluded that further improvements in environmental and ecological protection of urban waters is feasible only by consideration of urban drainage systems in conjunctions with sewage treatment and water quality in the receiving waters. C1 UNIV SHEFFIELD,DEPT CIVIL & STRUCT ENGN,SHEFFIELD S1 3JD,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30613. EAWAG,CH-8600 DUBENDORF,SWITZERLAND. UNIV OREGON,CORVALLIS,OR. UNIV ESSEN GESAMTHSCH,FACHBEREICH 10,W-4300 ESSEN 1,GERMANY. RP MARSALEK, J (reprint author), NATL WATER RES INST BRANCH,867 LAKESHORE RD,BURLINGTON L7R 4A6,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 156 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 27 IS 12 BP 31 EP 70 PG 40 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA LZ842 UT WOS:A1993LZ84200003 ER PT J AU RODGERS, MR BERNARDINO, CM JAKUBOWSKI, W AF RODGERS, MR BERNARDINO, CM JAKUBOWSKI, W TI A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR EXTRACTING AMPLIFIABLE GIARDIA DNA FROM VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON HEALTH-RELATED WATER MICROBIOLOGY 1992, AT THE 16TH BIENNIAL CONF AND EXPOSITION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOC ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH AND CONTROL CY MAY 24-30, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP INT ASSOC WATER POLLUT RES & CONTROL, SPECIALIST GRP HLTH RELATED WATER MIC, ROBIOL DE GIARDIA; DNA; NUCLEIC ACIDS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PCR ID WATER-SUPPLIES; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AB Human gastrointestinal illness due to Giardia duodenalis infection continues to be a public health problem. The ability to detect Giardia cysts is important in assessing the public health risk associated with environmental contamination. The low concentration of cysts in natural waters makes the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) desirable in DNA probe-based detection methods. To date, amplification of DNA in environmental samples has been difficult to achieve. Humic compounds and/or other PCR inhibitors co-extract with nucleic acids, interfering with the polymerase reaction and lowering sensitivity. All of our attempts to separate humic compounds from DNA were unsuccessful. A substantial increase in the magnesium concentration in the reaction alleviated some of the inhibition, indicating that humics interfere by chelation of magnesium. PCR inhibition with environmental samples is most likely caused by a variety of contaminants. RP RODGERS, MR (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 85 EP 88 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA LB968 UT WOS:A1993LB96800016 ER PT J AU GAVAGHAN, PD SYKORA, JL JAKUBOWSKI, W SORBER, CA SNINSKY, AM LICHTE, MD KELETI, G AF GAVAGHAN, PD SYKORA, JL JAKUBOWSKI, W SORBER, CA SNINSKY, AM LICHTE, MD KELETI, G TI INACTIVATION OF GIARDIA BY ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION OF SLUDGE SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON HEALTH-RELATED WATER MICROBIOLOGY 1992, AT THE 16TH BIENNIAL CONF AND EXPOSITION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOC ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH AND CONTROL CY MAY 24-30, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP INT ASSOC WATER POLLUT RES & CONTROL, SPECIALIST GRP HLTH RELATED WATER MIC, ROBIOL DE GIARDIA-MURIS; INACTIVATION; ANAEROBIC DIGESTION; SLUDGE AB Sludge produced by a model wastewater treatment plant and anaerobically digested at 37-degrees-C in a laboratory digester was seeded with G. muris cysts. Samples from the digester were collected at 0:15, 4:00, 8:00, 11:30 and 26:00 hrs. Cyst inactivation was measured by excystation and direct counts of G. muris cysts using a hemacytometer and a phase contrast microscope. The results showed that 99.9% of the cysts were inactivated within approximately 18:00 hrs of exposure. This demonstrates that the standard sludge digestion (37-degrees-C for 24 hrs) will eliminate most of the cysts (greater than 99.9%). C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP GAVAGHAN, PD (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,GRAD SCH PUBL HLTH,130 DESOTO ST,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261, USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 111 EP 114 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA LB968 UT WOS:A1993LB96800021 ER PT J AU STEVENS, R PINTO, J MAMANE, Y ONDOV, J ABDULRAHEEM, M ALMAJED, N SADEK, M COFER, W ELLENSON, W KELLOGG, R AF STEVENS, R PINTO, J MAMANE, Y ONDOV, J ABDULRAHEEM, M ALMAJED, N SADEK, M COFER, W ELLENSON, W KELLOGG, R TI CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES OF EMISSIONS FROM KUWAITI OIL FIRES SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONF OF THE ISRAEL SOC FOR ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY : ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND ECOSYSTEM STABILITY CY JUN 21-26, 1992 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP ISRAEL SOC ECOL & ENVIRONM QUAL, BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV, ISRAEL OCEANOG & LIMNOL RES, KAREN KAYAMET LEISRAEL, RAV BARIAH, TECHNION, ISRAEL INST TECHNOL, TEL AVIV UNIV DE HELICOPTER SAMPLING; KUWAIT OIL FIRES; AEROSOL PLUME CHARACTERIZATION; AEROSOL SAMPLING; GLOBAL CLIMATE ID PARTICULATE AB After the Iraqi retreat from Kuwait in 1991, airborne sampling was conducted in the oil fire plumes near Kuwait City and ground-level samples were taken of the air within the city. For the airborne sampling, a versatile air pollution sampler was used to determine the SO2, elemental concentrations, the aerosol mass loadings and SO42- and NO3- concentrations. Striking differences between the black and white plumes were associated with high concentrations of NaCl and CaCl2 measured in the white plumes and large numbers of carbon chain agglomerates in the black plumes. For the ground-based measurements, an annular denuder system was used to determine levels of SO2, SO42-, trace elements, and mass loadings. Certain pollutant levels rose in the city during inversion conditions, when winds were too weak to continue moving the combustion products directly to the Persian Gulf, and the increased levels of Pb and certain trace elements were comparable to those in other large urban areas in Europe. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for presentation and publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742. KUWAIT ENVIRONM PROTECT DEPT,KUWAIT,KUWAIT. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665. RP STEVENS, R (reprint author), US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Ondov, John/B-6605-2009 NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 27 IS 7-8 BP 223 EP 233 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA LL943 UT WOS:A1993LL94300029 ER PT J AU SUIDAN, MT SCHROEDER, AT NATH, R KRISHNAN, ER BRENNER, RC AF SUIDAN, MT SCHROEDER, AT NATH, R KRISHNAN, ER BRENNER, RC TI TREATMENT OF CERCLA (COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACT) LEACHATES BY CARBON-ASSISTED ANAEROBIC FLUIDIZED-BEDS SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE LEACHATE; SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS; ANAEROBIC; ACTIVATED CARBON; SULFATE REDUCTION; METHANOGENIC; EXPANDED-BED BIOREACTOR AB Two anaerobic granular activated carbon (GAC) expanded-bed bioreactors were tested as pretreatment units for the decontamination of hazardous leachates containing volatile and semivolatile synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs). The different characteristics of the two leachate feed streams resulted in one reactor operating in a sulfate-reducing mode and the second in a strictly methanogenic environment. Both reactors were operated with a 6-hr unexpanded empty-bed contact time and achieved SOC removal acceptable for pretreatment units. In both reactors, the majority of the SOCs were removed by biological activity, with GAC adsorption providing stability to each system by buffering against load fluctuations. C1 ITEP INC, CINCINNATI, OH 45204 USA. US EPA, CINCINNATI, OH 45268 USA. RP SUIDAN, MT (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI, DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 27 IS 2 BP 273 EP 282 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA KT195 UT WOS:A1993KT19500027 ER PT J AU GRABOW, WOK MORRIS, RW DUFOUR, AP AF GRABOW, WOK MORRIS, RW DUFOUR, AP TI HEALTH-RELATED WATER MICROBIOLOGY 1992 - PROCEEDINGS OF AN INTERNATIONAL-SYMPOSIUM ORGANIZED BY THE IAWPRC SPECIALIST GROUP ON HEALTH-RELATED WATER MICROBIOLOGY AS PART OF WATER-QUALITY INTERNATIONAL 92 16TH BIENNIAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, INTERNATIONAL-ASSOCIATION-ON-WATER-POLLUTION-RESEARCH-AND-CONTROL, WASHINGTON DC, USA, 24-30 MAY 1992 - PREFACE SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SEVERN TRENT LABS,COVENTRY,ENGLAND. US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP GRABOW, WOK (reprint author), UNIV PRETORIA,PRETORIA 0002,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP R11 EP R11 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA LB968 UT WOS:A1993LB96800001 ER PT J AU BARRETT, MR WILLIAMS, WM WELLS, D AF BARRETT, MR WILLIAMS, WM WELLS, D TI USE OF GROUND-WATER MONITORING DATA FOR PESTICIDE REGULATION SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEALTH ADVISORY; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; LEACHING; MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL AB Growing public concern for pesticide residues in drinking water has resulted in tighter federal and state regulations to prevent ground-water contamination. There are many uncertainties in estimating human exposure risk, yet standards are being set to protect human health. In the last several years, drinking water health standards have been developed for a number of pesticides, often at levels of a few mug L-1 or less. Ground-water monitoring studies, first required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1984, have now become an integral requirement to support registration of pesticides shown to have leaching potential. Regulators are now faced with deciding the extent to which pesticides can still be used while continuing to meet legal requirements to protect the public and preserve ground-water resources. The implications are that pesticide use may be severely limited in regions with ground-water resources considered especially vulnerable to contamination, dramatically affecting the type of agricultural practices and crops grown in these regions. RP BARRETT, MR (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 7 IS 1 BP 238 EP 247 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KW883 UT WOS:A1993KW88300043 ER PT J AU OCALLAGHAN, JP SEIDLER, FJ AF OCALLAGHAN, JP SEIDLER, FJ TI 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE (MPTP)-INDUCED ASTROGLIOSIS DOES NOT REQUIRE ACTIVATION OF ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; ASTROCYTE; GLIOSIS; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; DIFLUOROMETHYLORNITHINE; NEUROTOXICITY; 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; ALPHA-DIFLUOROMETHYLORNITHINE; DIFFERENTIATED ASTROCYTES; IRREVERSIBLE INHIBITOR; MECHANICAL LESIONS; GANGLIOSIDE GM1; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RAT-BRAIN; POLYAMINES; INJURY AB Mechanical injury to the brain results in enhanced immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) that is markedly inhibited by difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. In the current study, systemic exposure of mice to the dopaminergic neurotoxicant, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), also increased GFAP but, unlike mechanical injury, this increase was not prevented by DFMO pretreatment. These results indicate that de novo polyamine biosynthesis is not obligatory for the MPTP-induced increase in GFAP. MPTP administration, unlike mechanical injury, does not disrupt the blood-brain barrier; thus, a role for polyamine biosynthesis in the astrocyte response to injury may be restricted to insults involving a compromised blood-brain barrier. C1 DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PHARMACOL,DURHAM,NC 27710. RP OCALLAGHAN, JP (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS,RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU ONDIEH CDC HHS [RA-ND-89-4] NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 1992 VL 148 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.1016/0304-3940(92)90815-O PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA KF564 UT WOS:A1992KF56400026 PM 1300481 ER PT J AU KASTNER, JR AHMAD, M JONES, WJ ROBERTS, RS AF KASTNER, JR AHMAD, M JONES, WJ ROBERTS, RS TI VIABILITY OF CANDIDA SHEHATAE IN D-XYLOSE FERMENTATIONS WITH ADDED ETHANOL SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Note DE CANDIDA-SHEHATAE; ETHANOL; D-XYLOSE; VIABILITY; FERMENTATION ID PICHIA-STIPITIS; YEASTS AB Ethanol was added at concentrations of 25 and 50 g/L to active cultures of Candida shehatae under oxygen-limited (fermentative) conditions. Added ethanol completely inhibited growth and fermentation Of D-xylose by C. shehatae. Cultures with added ethanol rapidly declined in cell viability as measured by plate counts and methylene blue staining. The rate of decline in cell viability was dependent on the amount of added ethanol. Over the course of the fermentation, cell viability, as measured by plate counts, was significantly lower in all experiments (with or without ethanol addition) compared with the viability measurements by methylene blue staining. Thus, data from the plate counts provided a more sensitive measure of the toxic effects of added ethanol and long-term anaerobiosis on C. shehatae growth/fermentation. Mean cell volume and total cell volume declined in fermentations with added ethanol. C1 GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH CHEM ENGN,ATLANTA,GA 30332. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30332. ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RI Kastner, James/C-6289-2014 NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD DEC 5 PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1282 EP 1285 DI 10.1002/bit.260401019 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA JX836 UT WOS:A1992JX83600018 PM 18601081 ER PT J AU CAMPT, DD FISHER, LJ AF CAMPT, DD FISHER, LJ TI CONTACT NEEDED ON MITICUR (AMITRAZ) REGISTRATION SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter RP CAMPT, DD (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 132 IS 12 BP 764 EP 764 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB886 UT WOS:A1992KB88600002 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K SELEVAN, S LANDRIGAN, P AF STEENLAND, K SELEVAN, S LANDRIGAN, P TI THE MORTALITY OF LEAD SMELTER WORKERS - AN UPDATE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM MORTALITY; EXPOSURE AB Objectives. Mortality studies of lead workers have shown excesses of nonmalignant renal disease ana cerebrovascular disease. Animal studies and one human study have shown excess kidney cancer. We have updated a mortality study of male lead smelter workers (n = 1990). Methods. An analysis was conducted using standard life table techniques. The updated analysis added 11 years of follow-up and 363 new deaths. Results. The original study had found elevated but nonsignificant risks for kidney cancer, stroke, and nonmalignant renal disease, probably attributable to lead exposure. Deaths from accidents and nonmalignant respiratory disease were significantly elevated, but probably not as a result of lead exposure. In the updated study, no new deaths from nonmalignant renal disease occurred (9 observed, standardized mortality ratio = 1.21). Three more deaths from kidney cancer were observed, yielding a standardized mortality ratio of 1.93 (9 observed, 95% CI = 0.88, 3.67), which increased for those who had worked in areas with the highest lead exposure (8 observed, standardized mortality ratio = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.03, 4.71). Cerebrovascular disease remained elevated for those with more than 20 years of exposure (26 observed, standardized mortality ratio = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.92, 2.07). Conclusions. This cohort with high lead exposure showed a diminishing excess of death from nonmalignant renal disease, a continued excess from kidney cancer, and an excess of cerebrovascular disease only in those with longest exposure to lead. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,NEW YORK,NY 10029. RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), NIOSH,R13,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 18 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1992 VL 82 IS 12 BP 1641 EP 1644 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.12.1641 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KB440 UT WOS:A1992KB44000009 PM 1456339 ER PT J AU HAZUCHA, MJ FOLINSBEE, LJ SEAL, E AF HAZUCHA, MJ FOLINSBEE, LJ SEAL, E TI EFFECTS OF STEADY-STATE AND VARIABLE OZONE CONCENTRATION PROFILES ON PULMONARY-FUNCTION SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MODERATE EXERCISE; HEAT-STRESS; HUMAN-LUNG; 0.12 PPM; EXPOSURE; RESPONSES AB Measurements of ambient ozone (O3) concentration during daylight hours have shown a spectrum of concentration profiles, from a relatively stable to a variable pattern usually reaching a peak level in the early afternoon. Several recent studies have suggested that in estimating exposure dose (O3 concentration [C] x exposure time [T] x ventilation [V]), O3 concentration needs to be weighted more heavily than either ventilation or duration of exposure in the estimates. In this study we tested the hypothesis that regardless of concentration pattern and exposure rate the same exposure dose of O3 will induce the same spirometric response. We exposed 23 healthy male volunteers (20 to 35 yr of age) for 8 h to air, 0.12 ppm O3 (steady-state), and a triangular exposure pattern (concentration increased steadily from zero to 0.24 ppm over the first 4 h and decreased back to zero by 8 h). During the first 30 min of each hour, subjects exercised for 30 min at minute ventilation (VE) approximately 40 L/min. The order of the exposures was randomized, and the exposures were separated by at least 7 days. The response patterns over the 8-h periods for spirometric variables in both O3 exposures were statistically different from air exposure changes and from each other. For FEV1 the p values were 0.017 between air and steady-state profile, 0.002 between air and triangular profile, and 0.037 between steady-state and triangular profiles. Although in the triangular pattern of exposure the maximal O3 concentration was reached at 4 h, the maximum FEV1 decrement (10.2%) was observed at 6 h of exposure. Our observations demonstrate that the product of CBAR (mean) x T x V is not a sufficient index of exposure. At low O3 concentrations the key determinant of spirometric changes appears to be averaged exposure rate (ppm x L x h-1). C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV HUMAN STUDIES,CLIN RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP HAZUCHA, MJ (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & LUNG BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 146 IS 6 BP 1487 EP 1493 PG 7 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA KC195 UT WOS:A1992KC19500022 PM 1456565 ER PT J AU SHIELDS, MS REAGIN, MJ AF SHIELDS, MS REAGIN, MJ TI SELECTION OF A PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA STRAIN CONSTITUTIVE FOR THE DEGRADATION OF TRICHLOROETHYLENE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIUM NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA; METHYLOSINUS-TRICHOSPORIUM OB3B; HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC-COMPOUNDS; PUTIDA F1; METHANOGENIC CONDITIONS; OXIDIZING BACTERIUM; TOLUENE DIOXYGENASE; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AB Tn5 insertion mutants of Pseudomonas cepacia G4 that were unable to degrade trichloroethylene (TCE), toluene, or phenol or to transform m-trifluoromethyl phenol (TFMP) to 7,7,7-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-6-oxo-2,4-heptadienoic acid (TFHA) were produced. Spontaneous reversion to growth on phenol or toluene as the sole source of carbon was observed in one mutant strain, G4 5223, at a frequency of approximately 1 X 10(-4) per generation. One such revertant, G4 5223-PR1, metabolized TFMP to TFHA and degraded TCE. Unlike wild-type G4, G4 5223-PR1 constitutively metabolized both TFMP and TCE without aromatic induction. G4 5223-PR1 also degraded cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, and 1,1-dichloroethylene and oxidized naphthalene to alpha naphthol constitutively. G4 5223-PR1 exhibited a slight retardation in growth rate at TCE concentrations of greater-than-or-equal-to 530 muM, whereas G4 (which was unable to metabolize TCE under the same noninducing growth conditions) remained unaffected. The constitutive degradative phenotype of G4 5223-PR1 was completely stable through 100 generations of nonselective growth. C1 US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, GULF BREEZE, FL 32561 USA. RP SHIELDS, MS (reprint author), UNIV W FLORIDA, CTR ENVIRONM DIAGNOST & BIOREMEDIAT, 11000 UNIV PKWY, PENSACOLA, FL 32514 USA. NR 46 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 58 IS 12 BP 3977 EP 3983 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KA901 UT WOS:A1992KA90100033 PM 1282314 ER PT J AU BRIGGS, GA HUBER, AH SNYDER, WH THOMPSON, RS RAMSDELL, JV AF BRIGGS, GA HUBER, AH SNYDER, WH THOMPSON, RS RAMSDELL, JV TI DIFFUSION IN BUILDING WAKES FOR GROUND-LEVEL RELEASES - DISCUSSION SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART B-URBAN ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Discussion ID MODEL CUBE; FLOW C1 US EPA, ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP BRIGGS, GA (reprint author), NOAA, AIR RESOURCES LAB, DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELLING, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0957-1272 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON B-URB PD DEC PY 1992 VL 26 IS 4 BP 513 EP 517 DI 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90058-Z PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KG848 UT WOS:A1992KG84800010 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, JH STANTON, ME AF FREEMAN, JH STANTON, ME TI MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX LESIONS AND SPATIAL DELAYED ALTERNATION IN THE DEVELOPING RAT - RECOVERY OR SPARING SO BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEOCORTEX; ONTOGENY; INFANT; DAMAGE AB In Experiment 1, Long-Evans rat pups received medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) aspirations or sham surgery on Postnatal Day 10 (PND10) and were then trained on PND23 to perform one of two T-maze tasks: discrete-trials delayed alternation (DA) or simple position discrimination. Early PFC damage produced a selective failure to learn the DA task. In Experiment 2, pups given the same lesion or sham surgery were trained on DA on PND19, PND27, or PND33. In relation to sham-operated controls, pups with PFC damage were impaired on PND19, somewhat impaired on PND27, and entirely unimpaired when tested on PND33. In Experiment 3, pups given larger lesions of the frontal cortex on PND10 were impaired on DA when tested on PND23 but not when tested on PND33. These findings indicate that early PFC lesions result in a memory deficit around the time of weaning, which then recovers over the next 10-14 days of development. Moreover, the early deficit is selective for a late developing cognitive process (or processes) that is involved in acquisition of DA. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. NR 25 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0735-7044 J9 BEHAV NEUROSCI JI Behav. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 106 IS 6 BP 924 EP 932 DI 10.1037//0735-7044.106.6.924 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA KC207 UT WOS:A1992KC20700005 PM 1472294 ER PT J AU SCOTT, DR AF SCOTT, DR TI RAPID AND ACCURATE METHOD FOR ESTIMATING MOLECULAR-WEIGHTS OF ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS FROM LOW RESOLUTION MASS-SPECTRA SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID EXPERT SYSTEM AB A fast improved method of estimating the molecular weights of volatile organic compounds from their mass spectra has been developed and implemented with a pattern recognition/expert system. A pattern recognition-based classifier is followed by molecular weight estimators for six classes. The classes, verified by SIMCA class modeling, are: nonhalobenzenes; chlorobenzenes: bromo- and bromochloroalkanes/alkenes; mono- and dichloroalkanes/alkenes; tri-, tetra- and pentachloroalkanes/alkenes; and unknowns. For the first five classes empirical linear corrections, determined by the expert system, are iteratively applied to MAXMASS, a mass spectral feature, to yield molecular weight estimates. Two iterations are used except for the very large and diverse unknown class. For this class only one iteration is used together with a combination of MAXMASS and HIMAX1, another spectral feature. As far as possible, the system uses ternary encoded intensities in the mass spectra and high intensity masses. New rules for the unknown class were derived from 32 nontarget National Institute of Standards and Technology reference spectra. Extensive testing of the system was conducted vs. the self training interpretive retrieval system (STIRS) with reference and field gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) spectra. The probable errors, determined with a robust statistic, were 0.5 Da for training and spectrally similar test reference spectra and 5.0 and 1.3 Da for randomly selected and field GC-MS spectra. The test results show that the domain of expertise of this present system greatly exceeds the original training domain. The system will run on DOS-based personal computers. RP SCOTT, DR (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 16 IS 3 BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.1016/0169-7439(92)80037-5 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA KF824 UT WOS:A1992KF82400002 ER PT J AU GAN, H STUCKI, JW BAILEY, GW AF GAN, H STUCKI, JW BAILEY, GW TI REDUCTION OF STRUCTURAL IRON IN FERRUGINOUS SMECTITE BY FREE-RADICALS SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE CLAY; DITHIONITE; ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ESR; HYDRAZINE; IRON; REDUCTION; SMECTITE; SULFIDE; THIOSULFATE ID OXIDATION-STATE; DIOCTAHEDRAL SMECTITES; REDUCED NONTRONITE; DITHIONITE AB The oxidation state of structural iron greatly influences the physical-chemical properties of clay minerals, a phenomenon that may have significant implications for pollutant fate in the environment, for agricultural productivity, and for industrial uses of clays. Knowledge of redox mechanisms is fundamental to understanding the underlying basis for iron's effects on clays. Past studies revealed that the extent of Fe reduction varied depending on the reducing agent used, but this variation may not have been a simple function of the reduction potential of the reducing agent. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between the Fe reduction mechanism and free radical activity in the reducing agent. Several reducing agents and their mixtures with the Na-saturated, 0.5 to 2 mum size fraction of ferruginous smectite (SWa-1) were analyzed by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to determine the presence of unpaired electrons or free radicals. Only Na2S2O4 exhibited paramagnetic free-radical behavior with a signal at about g = 2.01 1, which was attributed to the sulphoxylate (SO2-.) free radical. The free radical was labile in aqueous solution, and the ability of Na2S2O4 solution to reduce structural Fe in the smectite decreased with age of the solution and paralleled the disappearance of the free radical signal in the ESR spectrum. The paramagnetic species was preserved and enhanced if Na2S2O4 was added to the clay suspension, indicating that either the clay surface stabilized the SO2- .radical or the additional unpaired electrons were produced in the clay structure. C1 US EPA,CHEM BRANCH,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP GAN, H (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,1102 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 12 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 4416, BOULDER, CO 80306 SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 659 EP 665 DI 10.1346/CCMN.1992.0400605 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA KZ744 UT WOS:A1992KZ74400005 ER PT J AU SPENCE, JW HAYNIE, FH LIPFERT, FW CRAMER, SD MCDONALD, LG AF SPENCE, JW HAYNIE, FH LIPFERT, FW CRAMER, SD MCDONALD, LG TI ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION MODEL FOR GALVANIZED STEEL STRUCTURES SO CORROSION LA English DT Article ID ACID DEPOSITION; PAINTS; PH AB This report develops a model for predicting the corrosion of galvanized steel structures based on two competing mechanisms: the formation and dissolution of the basic zinc-carbonate film that forms on zinc surfaces. The model consists of a diffusivity term that describes film growth and a dissolution term that describes the rate of film removal Dissolution becomes the rate-determining process for predicting the long-term corrosion behavior of galvanized steel structures. Components of the dissolution term were evaluated with data collected from field exposure experiments that were designed to separate the effects of wet and dry acidic deposition from the effects of normal weathering of galvanized steel specimens. The model's dissolution term predicted the long-term corrosion of galvanized steel with reasonable accuracy For further evaluation, the dissolution model was applied to historical, long-term corrosion data of galvanized steel products, taking into account their sizes and shapes. The field data used in this evaluation were consistent with corrosion rates predicted by the model, within the limits of uncertainty of the environmental data. Thus, the model can be used with reasonable confidence to predict corrosion behavior of different structures if environmental conditions can be properly described. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT APPL SCI, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. US DEPT INTERIOR, BUR MINES, ALBANY, OR USA. RP SPENCE, JW (reprint author), US EPA, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 38 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD DEC PY 1992 VL 48 IS 12 BP 1009 EP 1019 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA KF414 UT WOS:A1992KF41400006 ER PT J AU ZAROOGIAN, G ANDERSON, S VOYER, RA AF ZAROOGIAN, G ANDERSON, S VOYER, RA TI INDIVIDUAL AND COMBINED CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF CADMIUM, COPPER, AND NICKEL ON BROWN CELLS OF MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID INVITRO CYTO-TOXICITY; CULTURED-CELLS; FISH CELLS; POLLUTANTS; ASSAY; LINES; METAL; ZINC C1 SAIC,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. RP ZAROOGIAN, G (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,27 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 24 IS 3 BP 328 EP 337 DI 10.1016/0147-6513(92)90009-R PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KG129 UT WOS:A1992KG12900009 PM 1282878 ER PT J AU SAROKIN, D SCHULKIN, J AF SAROKIN, D SCHULKIN, J TI ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND RESPONSIBILITY SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article AB We are optimistic about the ability of our social institutions to respond to the challenges of environmental degradation, but recognize that (a) restoring environmental quality to a world inclined towards rapidly-increasing consumption of resources and generation of wastes will require profound institutional changes, and (b) environmental challenges cannot be separated from the global-scale issue of achieving an equitable distribution of resources. Conventional economics practically ignores environmental consequences, and is inadequate to the challenge of environmental restoration. A new way of 'doing business' is called for. Three industries - energy, agriculture, and automobiles - have a responsibility to become the avant garde of global environmentalism, owing to the large toll which they exact in resource utilization and pollution, and for the almost universal role that each of these industries plays in the planet's diverse societies. In order to effect changes of an appropriate magnitude, these industries will need to reorient their priorities and goals - as will the institutions with which they routinely interact, including governments, research and development, and financial institutions. C1 UNIV PENN,WHARTON SCH,CTR RISK & DECIS PROC,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP SAROKIN, D (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PESTICIDES & TOX SUBST,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0376-8929 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 19 IS 4 BP 326 EP 330 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LA365 UT WOS:A1992LA36500007 ER PT J AU DOCKERY, DW SCHWARTZ, J SPENGLER, JD AF DOCKERY, DW SCHWARTZ, J SPENGLER, JD TI AIR-POLLUTION AND DAILY MORTALITY - ASSOCIATIONS WITH PARTICULATES AND ACID AEROSOLS SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH; LONDON; PARTICLES; ENGLAND; COUNTY; ATHENS; MASS C1 HARVARD UNIV,BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,CHANNING LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP DOCKERY, DW (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,665 HUNTINGDON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00002] NR 36 TC 365 Z9 375 U1 1 U2 35 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 59 IS 2 BP 362 EP 373 DI 10.1016/S0013-9351(05)80042-8 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KF839 UT WOS:A1992KF83900008 PM 1464289 ER PT J AU WEST, CC HARWELL, JH AF WEST, CC HARWELL, JH TI SURFACTANTS AND SUBSURFACE REMEDIATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MINERAL OXIDE SURFACES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; ANIONIC SURFACTANTS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; DODECYL-SULFATE; BINARY-MIXTURES; WATER; OIL; SOLUBILIZATION C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH CHEM ENGN & MAT SCI,NORMAN,OK 73019. RP WEST, CC (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 78 TC 352 Z9 367 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2324 EP 2330 DI 10.1021/es00036a002 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KA328 UT WOS:A1992KA32800004 ER PT J AU BRETTHAUER, EW AF BRETTHAUER, EW TI THE CHALLENGE OF ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material RP BRETTHAUER, EW (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1661 EP 1662 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JW986 UT WOS:A1992JW98600001 ER PT J AU NORTON, SB RODIER, DJ GENTILE, JH VANDERSCHALIE, WH WOOD, WP SLIMAK, MW AF NORTON, SB RODIER, DJ GENTILE, JH VANDERSCHALIE, WH WOOD, WP SLIMAK, MW TI A FRAMEWORK FOR ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT AT THE EPA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE RISK ASSESSMENT; ECOLOGICAL STRESSORS AB Ecological risk assessments evaluate the likelihood of adverse ecological effects caused by stressors related to human activities such as draining of wetlands or release of chemicals. The term stressor is used to describe any chemical, physical, or biological entity that can induce adverse effects on ecological components (i.e., individuals, populations, communities, or ecosystems). In this review article, a historical perspective on ecological risk assessment activities at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is followed by a discussion of the EPA's "Framework Report," which describes the basic elements for conducting an ecological risk assessment. The "Framework Report" is neither a procedural guide nor a regulatory requirement within the EPA. Rather, it is intended to foster a consistent approach to ecological risk assessments within the Agency, identify key issues, and define terminology. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. NR 13 TC 65 Z9 91 U1 4 U2 22 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1663 EP 1672 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[1663:AFFERA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JW986 UT WOS:A1992JW98600002 ER PT J AU LANDRUM, PF LEE, H LYDY, MJ AF LANDRUM, PF LEE, H LYDY, MJ TI TOXICOKINETICS IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS - MODEL COMPARISONS AND USE IN HAZARD ASSESSMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE KINETIC MODELS; BIOACCUMULATION; TISSUE RESIDUE EFFECTS; SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION; HAZARD ASSESSMENT ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; AMPHIPOD PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; CLAM MACOMA-NASUTA; RAINBOW-TROUT; DI-2-ETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL AB Toxicokinetic models are not constrained by assumptions of equilibrium as are thermodynamic (equilibrium-partitioning) models and are more accurate predictors of toxicant accumulation for non-steady-state exposures and multiple uptake routes. Toxicokinetic models - compartment-based models, physiological-based models, and energetics-based models - are reviewed and the different mathematical formalisms compared. Additionally, the residue-based toxicity approach is reviewed. Coupling toxicokinetic models with tissue concentrations at which toxicity occurs offers a direct link between exposure and hazard. Basing hazard on tissue rather than environmental concentrations avoids the errors associated with accommodating multiple sources, pulsed exposures, and non-steady-state accumulation. C1 US EPA,PACIFIC ECOSYST BRANCH,ENVIRONM RES LAB NARRAGANSETT,NEWPORT,OR 97365. RP LANDRUM, PF (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 126 TC 243 Z9 250 U1 4 U2 50 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1709 EP 1725 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[1709:TIASMC]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JW986 UT WOS:A1992JW98600005 ER PT J AU KENDALL, RJ AKERMAN, J AF KENDALL, RJ AKERMAN, J TI TERRESTRIAL WILDLIFE EXPOSED TO AGROCHEMICALS - AN ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT PERSPECTIVE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE TERRESTRIAL; WILDLIFE; AGROCHEMICALS; ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT ID WHITE-FOOTED MICE; METHYL PARATHION; ADDUCT FORMATION; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; COMPARATIVE TOXICITY; COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS; LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; BLUEGILL SUNFISH; COLD-EXPOSURE; DEER MICE AB Ecological risk assessment of wildlife exposed to agrochemicals addresses hazard and exposure to at least qualify and attempt to quantify the ecological risk. To accomplish a present-day ecological risk assessment in wildlife toxicology, data must be available from several disciplines: analytical toxicology/environmental chemistry, biochemical toxicology, and wildlife ecology/ecotoxicology. This interdisciplinary approach, essential in wildlife toxicology for the assessment of the chemical effects on the reproduction, health, and well-being of wildlife, makes it difficult to rapidly generate the data necessary for ecological risk assessments. However, as the field has evolved, it has become clear that interdisciplinary cooperation is critical to provide the complex data sets required for the registration and reregistration of pesticide products by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The science of ecological risk assessment for terrestrial wildlife exposed to agrochemicals advanced rapidly during the decade of the 1980s and into the 1990s. The ecological risk assessment process will continue to improve as a result of improved data sets available for conduct of such assessments. Addressing the ecological risks associated with the use of an agricultural chemical involves a complex array of laboratory and field studies, in essence, a research program. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PENDLETON,SC 29670. US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP KENDALL, RJ (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV,INST WILDLIFE & ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PENDLETON,SC 29670, USA. NR 131 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1727 EP 1749 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[1727:TWETAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JW986 UT WOS:A1992JW98600006 ER PT J AU ASUNDI, VK DREHER, KL AF ASUNDI, VK DREHER, KL TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF VASCULAR SMOOTH-MUSCLE DECORIN - DEDUCED CORE PROTEIN-STRUCTURE AND REGULATION OF GENE-EXPRESSION SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; PROTEOGLYCAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS ID HEPARAN-SULFATE STRUCTURE; SMALL PROTEOGLYCAN-II; MESSENGER-RNA; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; NONDIVIDING STATE; CDNA; BIGLYCAN; CULTURE; BONE; PROLIFERATION AB Two overlapping clones containing sequences homologous to bovine, human and chicken decorin have been recovered from poly A+ RNA isolated from rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) using cDNA cloning and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodologies. Results of nucleotide sequence analysis performed on these clones demonstrated that they encode the complete mature rat decorin protein expressed by VSMC. Within the coding region, rat decorin exhibits 76% nucleotide sequence homology to human and bovine decorin, and 69% homologous to chicken decorin indicating a significant level of conservation among these species. This level of conservation among species was also maintained at the protein level with rat decorin being 77% homologous to its human, bovine and chicken homologues. As previously observed its human homologue, rat decorin, is made up of seven, tandem, leucine-rich repeat sequences. Furthermore, within the core of these repeats was the consensus protein sequence NKISK which has been proposed to be the fibronectin binding region of decorin (G. Schmidt et al., Biochem. J. 280, 411-414 (1991)). The vast majority of amino acid substitutions within rat decorin were of the conservative type. The highest frequency of amino acid substitutions were found to be localized within a hypervariable region located near the amino terminus of the decorin core protein. Unlike rat biglycan, rat decorin mRNA levels were found to increase significantly in density-arrested VSMC cultures. In contrast to rat biglycan gene expression, no quantitative differences in rat decorin mRNA levels were observed between proliferating VSMC and VSMC made quiescent through serum depletion. Finally, specific extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were able to regulate the expression of decorin at the mRNA level in a slightly different manner than previously observed for biglycan. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PULM TOXICOL BRANCH,MD-82,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. SIGFRIED & JANET WEIS CTR RES,GEISINGER CLIN,DANVILLE,PA. NR 38 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU WISSENSCHAFTLICHE VERLAG MBH PI STUTTGART PA BIRKENWALDSTRASSE 44, POSTFACH 10 10 61, 70009 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0171-9335 J9 EUR J CELL BIOL JI Eur. J. Cell Biol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 59 IS 2 BP 314 EP 321 PG 8 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA KE963 UT WOS:A1992KE96300008 PM 1493796 ER PT J AU DOA, MJ AF DOA, MJ TI THE TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY SO HAZARDOUS WASTE & HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND TOPICAL POLLUTION PREVENTION CONF ON NATIONAL HAZARDOUS WASTE DATABASES : GENERATION AND FATE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN THE USA CY AUG 20-21, 1991 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS AB The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is required by section 313 of the 1986 Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act. By law, all manufacturing facilities that employ ten or more persons full time must provide annual emissions estimates for over 300 toxic chemicals and 20 chemical categories which are manufactured, processed, or used in excess of certain threshold amounts. This paper summarizes the data available, through the TRI, for 1987 and 1988 releases and transfers of listed toxic chemicals. The data are described at greater length in EPA reports (1); the data contained in the TRI is used by Congress and Federal and State government agencies, the press, public interest groups, industry, and the public. RP DOA, MJ (reprint author), US EPA,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0882-5696 J9 HAZARD WASTE HAZARD JI Hazard. Waste Hazard. Mater. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 9 IS 1 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1089/hwm.1992.9.61 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HP238 UT WOS:A1992HP23800006 ER PT J AU REILLY, WK AF REILLY, WK TI WHY I PROPOSE A NATIONAL DEBATE ON RISK SO HAZARDOUS WASTE & HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article RP REILLY, WK (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0882-5696 J9 HAZARD WASTE HAZARD JI Hazard. Waste Hazard. Mater. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 9 IS 1 BP U1 EP U2 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HP238 UT WOS:A1992HP23800002 ER PT J AU EDNEY, EO DRISCOLL, DJ AF EDNEY, EO DRISCOLL, DJ TI CHLORINE INITIATED PHOTOOXIDATION STUDIES OF HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS (HCFCS) AND HYDROFLUOROCARBONS (HFCS) - RESULTS FOR HCFC-22 (CHCLF2) - HFC-41 (CH3F) - HCFC-124 (CCLFHCF3) - HFC-125 (CF3CHF2) - HFC-134A (CF3CH2F) - HCFC-142B (CCLF2CH3) - AND HFC-152A (CHF2CH3) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article AB Data on the tropospheric degradation of proposed substitutes for ozone depleting CFCs were obtained by conducting photochemical oxidation studies of HCFCs and HFCs using long path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The hydrogen abstraction reactions were initiated using Cl radicals rather than OH radicals because of the rather unreactive nature of the compounds. The experimental product yields at T = 25 +/- 3-degrees-C and 700 Torr of dry air were: CHClF2 (1.11 +/- 0.06 C(O)F2); CClFHCF3 (1.00 +/- 0.04 CF3C(O)F); CF3CHF2 (1.09 +/- 0.05 C(O)F2); CClF2CH3 (0.98 +/- 0.03 C(O)F2); CClF2CH3 (1.00 +/- 0.05 C(O)F2); CF3CH2F (0.16 +/- 0.03 CF3CF(O), and 0.83 +/- 0.22 HFC(O)), where all standard deviations are 2sigma. For each compound, the critical step in determining the oxidation products was the decomposition of a halogenated alkoxy radical. For HCFC-22 and HCFC-124, the major alkoxy radical decomposition route was Cl elimination. The HFC-125 product data were consistent with C-C cleavage of a two carbon alkoxy radical as the major decomposition route whereas both C-C cleavage and H abstraction by O2 were significant contributors to the decomposition of the HFC-134a alkoxy radical. Secondary Cl reactions in the HCFC-142b and HFC-152a experiments prevented an unambiguous determination of the decomposition modes; the data are consistent with both C-C bond scission and Cl reactions with halogenated aldehydes producing the oxidation product C(O)F2. With the exception of the HFC-134a and HFC-125 data, the proposed mechanisms can account for the major oxidation products. For HFC-134a and HFC-125, a number of product bands could not be identified. The bands are likely due to products from reactions involving the CF3O2 radical. RP EDNEY, EO (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 9 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1067 EP 1081 DI 10.1002/kin.550241205 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JX874 UT WOS:A1992JX87400004 ER PT J AU EATON, RW CHAPMAN, PJ AF EATON, RW CHAPMAN, PJ TI BACTERIAL METABOLISM OF NAPHTHALENE - CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF RECOMBINANT BACTERIA TO STUDY RING CLEAVAGE OF 1,2-DIHYDROXYNAPHTHALENE AND SUBSEQUENT REACTIONS SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSPOSON-PROMOTED DELETIONS; SP STRAIN NCIB-9816; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CLONING VECTORS; PURIFICATION; OXIDATION; DIOXYGENASE; GENES; SYSTEM AB The reactions involved in the bacterial metabolism of naphthalene to salicylate have been reinvestigated by using recombinant bacteria carrying genes cloned from plasmid NAH7. When intact cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 carrying DNA fragments encoding the first three enzymes of the pathway were incubated with naphthalene, they formed products of the dioxygenase-catalyzed ring cleavage of 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene. These products were separated by chromatography on Sephadex G-25 and were identified by H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate (HCCA) and trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate (tHBPA). HCCA was detected as the first reaction product in these incubation mixtures by its characteristic UV spectrum, which slowly changed to a spectrum indicative of an equilibrium mixture of HCCA and tHBPA. Isomerization of either purified product occurred slowly and spontaneously to give an equilibrium mixture of essentially the same composition. tHBPA is also formed from HCCA by the action of an isomerase enzyme encoded by plasmid NAH7. The gene encoding this enzyme, nahD, was cloned on a 1.95-kb KpnI-BglII fragment. Extracts of Escherichia coli JM109 carrying this fragment catalyzed the rapid equilibration of HCCA and tHBPA. Metabolism of tHBPA to salicylaldehyde by hydration and aldol cleavage is catalyzed by a single enzyme encoded by a 1-kb MluI-StuI restriction fragment. A mechanism for the hydratase-aldolase-catalyzed reaction is proposed. The salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase gene, nahF, was cloned on a 2.75-kb BamHI fragment which also carries the naphthalene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase gene, nahB. On the basis of the identification of the enzymes encoded by various clones, the gene order for the nah operon was shown to be p, A, B, F, C, E, D. RP EATON, RW (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 53 TC 156 Z9 169 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 174 IS 23 BP 7542 EP 7554 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JZ841 UT WOS:A1992JZ84100007 PM 1447127 ER PT J AU ALLIS, JW SIMMONS, JE HOUSE, DE ROBINSON, BL BERMAN, E AF ALLIS, JW SIMMONS, JE HOUSE, DE ROBINSON, BL BERMAN, E TI THE DIFFERENTIAL HEPATOTOXICITY AND CYTOCHROME-P450 RESPONSES OF FISCHER-344 RATS TO THE 3 ISOMERS OF DICHLOROBENZENE SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DICHLOROBENZENES; CYTOCHROME-P450; HEPATOTOXICITY; DOSE-DEPENDENCE ID DRUG-METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; SULFUR-CONTAINING METABOLITES; CHLORINATED BENZENES; METHYLSULFONYL METABOLITES; META-DICHLOROBENZENE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PARENT COMPOUND; METHYL SULFONE; INDUCTION; LIVER AB The acute hepatotoxicity and response of hepatic cytochrome P450 to treatment with the three isomers of dichlorobenzene (DCB) have been investigated. The objectives were to estimate the onset of toxicity and to further elucidate the role of cytochrome P450 in the metabolism and toxicity of these compounds. In a study design employing one animal per dose level, Fischer-344 rats were gavaged with up to 25 different dosages, then evaluated 24 h later. Hepatic necrosis, serum alanine aminotransferase, and serum aspartate aminotransferase exhibited similar patterns demonstrating that ortho-DCB (o-DCB) was the most toxic in terms of both earliest onset and degree of response at higher dosages. For these three endpoints, meta-DCB (m-DCB) exhibited a lesser toxicity. Para-DCB (p-DCB) did not cause changes in these three endpoints, but hepatic degenerative changes were found. Total hepatic cytochrome P450 responses were also different after treatment with each isomer. The o-DCB produced a dose-dependent decrease in P450 beginning at dosages lower than the onset of necrosis and appeared to be a suicide substrate for P450. The m-DCB treatment increased P450 at dosages below the onset of necrosis and decreased P450 at higher dosages, with the decline preceding the onset of hepatocyte death. Treatment with p-DCB increased P450 beginning at 380 mg/kg. The combination of toxicity and P450 profiles has provided a framework for interpreting literature data on the metabolism and toxicity of the DCBs in rats. It is also noteworthy that o-DCB and p-DCB were administered at dosages several times the oral rat LD-50 (RTECS) without any lethality. RP ALLIS, JW (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-74,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0887-2082 J9 J BIOCHEM TOXICOL JI J. Biochem. Toxicol. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 7 IS 4 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.1002/jbt.2570070409 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KK447 UT WOS:A1992KK44700008 PM 1293313 ER PT J AU MUNCH, JW EICHELBERGER, JW AF MUNCH, JW EICHELBERGER, JW TI EVALUATION OF 48 COMPOUNDS FOR POSSIBLE INCLUSION IN UNITED-STATES EPA METHOD 524.2, REVISION 3.0 - EXPANSION OF THE METHOD ANALYTE LIST TO A TOTAL OF 83 COMPOUNDS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP MUNCH, JW (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 3 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 30 IS 12 BP 471 EP 477 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA KB221 UT WOS:A1992KB22100002 ER PT J AU FOLMAR, LC MOODY, T BONOMELLI, S GIBSON, J AF FOLMAR, LC MOODY, T BONOMELLI, S GIBSON, J TI ANNUAL CYCLE OF BLOOD-CHEMISTRY PARAMETERS IN STRIPED MULLET (MUGIL-CEPHALUS L) AND PINFISH (LAGODON-RHOMBOIDES L) FROM THE GULF OF MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLOOD CHEMISTRY; SERUM ENZYMES; STRIPED MULLET; PINFISH ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; RAINBOW-TROUT; COPPER-SULFATE; HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; ANESTHETIC MS-222; NEUTRALIZED FORM; NORMAL RANGES C1 UNIV W FLORIDA,DEPT BIOL,PENSACOLA,FL 32514. UNIV W FLORIDA,DEPT NURSING & MED TECHNOL,PENSACOLA,FL 32514. RP FOLMAR, LC (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,SABINE ISL,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 42 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 41 IS 6 BP 999 EP 1011 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02727.x PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KE608 UT WOS:A1992KE60800013 ER PT J AU HUTCHINS, SR MOOLENAAR, SW RHODES, DE AF HUTCHINS, SR MOOLENAAR, SW RHODES, DE TI COLUMN STUDIES ON BTEX BIODEGRADATION UNDER MICROAEROPHILIC AND DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH ANNUAL SYMP OF THE GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER - GROUND WATER : THE PROBLEM AND SOME SOLUTIONS CY APR 02-03, 1992 CL LAMAR UNIV, BEAUMONT, TX SP GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBST RES CTR HO LAMAR UNIV ID AQUIFER MICROORGANISMS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BIORESTORATION; DENITRIFICATION; DEGRADATION; NITRATE; SAND; FUEL AB Two column tests were conducted using aquifer material to simulate the nitrate field demonstration project carried out earlier at Traverse City, Michigan. The objectives were to better define the effect nitrate addition had on biodegradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and trimethylbenzenes (BTEX) in the field study, and to determine whether BTEX removal can be enhanced by supplying a limited amount of oxygen as a supplemental electron acceptor. Columns were operated using limited oxygen, limited oxygen plus nitrate, and nitrate alone. In the first column study, benzene was generally recalcitrant compared to the alkylbenzenes (TEX), although some removal did occur. The average benzene breakthroughs were 74.3 +/- 5.8%, 75.9 +/- 12.1%, and 63.1 +/- 9.6% in the columns with limited oxygen, limited oxygen plus nitrate, and nitrate alone, respectively, whereas the corresponding average effluent TEX breakthroughs were 22.9 +/- 2.3%, 2.9 +/- 1.1%, and 4.3 +/- 3.3%. In the second column study, nitrate was deleted from the feed to the column originally receiving nitrate alone and added to the feed of the column originally receiving limited oxygen alone. Benzene breakthrough was similar for each column. Breakthrough of TEX decreased by an order of magnitude once nitrate was added to the microaerophilic column, whereas TEX breakthrough increased by 50-fold once nitrate was removed from the denitrifying column. Although the requirement for nitrate for optimum TEX removal was clearly demonstrated in these columns, there were significant contributions by biotic and abiotic processes other than denitrification which could not be quantified. C1 RICE UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,HOUSTON,TX 77251. RP HUTCHINS, SR (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2-3 BP 195 EP 214 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(92)85092-F PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KG515 UT WOS:A1992KG51500007 ER PT J AU HALL, CW JOHNSON, JA AF HALL, CW JOHNSON, JA TI LIMITING FACTORS IN GROUND-WATER REMEDIATION SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH ANNUAL SYMP OF THE GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER - GROUND WATER : THE PROBLEM AND SOME SOLUTIONS CY APR 02-03, 1992 CL LAMAR UNIV, BEAUMONT, TX SP GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBST RES CTR HO LAMAR UNIV AB If one is charged with restoring a contaminated aquifer today, the procedure of pumping contaminated water to the surface for treatment and discharge is most often the state-of-practice technology. The perceived success of pump-and-treat technology can be misleading if the hydrology and contaminant characteristics at the site are not adequately understood. A failure to understand the processes controlling contaminant transport can result in extremely long pumping periods and, consequently, costly and inefficient remediation. Effects of tailing, sorption, and residual immiscible fluids on time required for pump-and-treat remediation of ground water are discussed. RP HALL, CW (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,DYNAMARK CORP,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2-3 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(92)85093-G PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KG515 UT WOS:A1992KG51500008 ER PT J AU DIGIULIO, DC AF DIGIULIO, DC TI EVALUATION OF SOIL VENTING APPLICATION SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH ANNUAL SYMP OF THE GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER - GROUND WATER : THE PROBLEM AND SOME SOLUTIONS CY APR 02-03, 1992 CL LAMAR UNIV, BEAUMONT, TX SP GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBST RES CTR HO LAMAR UNIV AB This paper discusses performance limitations and containment removal optimization of soil venting technology when remediating a VOC contaminated site. Presented herein is a discussion of influential soil venting performance parameters such as containment volatility, mass transfer, and air permeability. The significance of these and other factors including placement of extraction and observation wells as related to site characterization, field tests and actual remediation projects is considered. RP DIGIULIO, DC (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2-3 BP 279 EP 291 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(92)85098-L PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KG515 UT WOS:A1992KG51500013 ER PT J AU CHARBENEAU, RJ WEAVER, JW AF CHARBENEAU, RJ WEAVER, JW TI MODELING CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT THROUGH SUBSURFACE SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH ANNUAL SYMP OF THE GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER - GROUND WATER : THE PROBLEM AND SOME SOLUTIONS CY APR 02-03, 1992 CL LAMAR UNIV, BEAUMONT, TX SP GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBST RES CTR HO LAMAR UNIV ID ORGANIC POLLUTANT SORPTION; NATURAL SEDIMENTS; GROUNDWATER; WATER; SOIL AB Modeling of contaminant transport through soil to groundwater to a receptor requires that consideration be given to the many processes which control the transport and fate of chemical constituents in the subsurface environment. These processes include volatilization, degradation, sorption and multiphase partitioning, leaching, advection and dispersion. Mathematical models for simulation of these processes may require significant data inputs. This paper reviews the important factors involved in modeling of subsurface transport as well as the data requirements and uncertainties. An application of a hydrocarbon spill screening model is presented. C1 US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. RP CHARBENEAU, RJ (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,CTR RES WATER RESOURCES,BALCONES RES CTR 119,AUSTIN,TX 78712, USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2-3 BP 293 EP 311 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(92)85099-M PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KG515 UT WOS:A1992KG51500014 ER PT J AU SCALF, MR AF SCALF, MR TI EPAS SUPERFUND TECHNICAL-SUPPORT PROJECT SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH ANNUAL SYMP OF THE GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER - GROUND WATER : THE PROBLEM AND SOME SOLUTIONS CY APR 02-03, 1992 CL LAMAR UNIV, BEAUMONT, TX SP GULF COAST HAZARDOUS SUBST RES CTR HO LAMAR UNIV AB Remediation of hazardous waste sites, especially the subsurface component, is a relatively new, extremely complex, interdisciplinary science. Success is determined more by experience than by hardware. The Technical Support Project of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been very successful in minimizing the time between development of the science and application of that scientific knowledge to decision making in the field. The Technical Support Project not only transfers knowledge from research to the field but acts as a critical feedback mechanism for focusing research efforts on the highest priority and most productive areas. Requests for technical support to the Superfund program have increased dramatically through the years as Regional staff have become more familiar with the system and how to access the program. In 1991, EPA's Office of Solid Waste started an effort to extend the Technical Support Project to the RCRA corrective action program. RCRA corrective action may affect almost 4000 facilities and, although administrative efforts may differ, technical questions will be very similar to those addressed by Superfund. RP SCALF, MR (reprint author), US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,POB 1198,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2-3 BP 313 EP 319 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(92)85100-F PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KG515 UT WOS:A1992KG51500015 ER PT J AU GENTER, MB LLORENS, J OCALLAGHAN, JP PEELE, DB MORGAN, KT CROFTON, KM AF GENTER, MB LLORENS, J OCALLAGHAN, JP PEELE, DB MORGAN, KT CROFTON, KM TI OLFACTORY TOXICITY OF BETA,BETA'-IMINODIPROPIONITRILE IN THE RAT SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; INHALATION EXPOSURE; AXONAL-TRANSPORT; BULB GLOMERULI; NASAL CAVITY; EPITHELIUM; MICE; NEUROFILAMENT; DENERVATION; ENZYMES AB Following a pilot study which revealed olfactory epithelial degeneration induced by beta,beta'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), dose-response and time-course analyses were undertaken to further characterize the effects of IDPN on the olfactory system. Male rats were sacrificed at multiple time points ranging from 24 hr after a single dose to 56 days after three consecutive daily doses of IDPN (0-400 mg/kg i.p.). Nasal cavities were fixed, decalcified and embedded in paraffin; 5 mum sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, middle neurofilament protein antibody or olfactory marker protein antiserum. Olfactory bulbs were removed for slot blot analyses of glial fibrillary acidic protein, synapsin I and p38. Another group of rats was treated with saline or IDPN and perfused 6 hr or 1, 2, 3, 7, 14 or 28 days after the last dose. Olfactory bulb axonal degeneration was visualized using a modified Gallyas technique. Twenty-four hours after treatment with 200 or 400 mg/kg IDPN, there was severe, highly site-specific mucosal degeneration in the dorsal-medial nasal cavity; regeneration was incomplete 8 weeks later. IDPN increased olfactory bulb glial fibrillary acidic protein, peaking 7 days after three daily 400 mg/kg doses, and remaining significantly elevated 8 weeks after treatment. Olfactory bulbs contained substantial silver deposition in afferent axon bundles in the glomerular layer, beginning 24 hr after the first dose and persisting for 14 days after dosing. Although only a portion of the olfactory epithelium was damaged by IDPN, all axon bundles entering the olfactory bulb were involved, suggesting the lack of a clear topographic arrangement of sensory endings in the olfactory bulb. C1 US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MANTECH ENVIRONM SCI INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. CIIT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP GENTER, MB (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT TOXICOL,BOX 7633,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. RI Llorens, Jordi/A-6959-2008; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Llorens, Jordi/0000-0002-3894-9401; Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 64 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 263 IS 3 BP 1432 EP 1439 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA KD194 UT WOS:A1992KD19400070 PM 1469644 ER PT J AU BEHRENFELD, MJ HARDY, JT LEE, H AF BEHRENFELD, MJ HARDY, JT LEE, H TI CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION ON GROWTH AND CELL-VOLUME OF PHAEODACTYLUM-TRICORNUTUM (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Note DE BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; CELL VOLUME; DOSE RESPONSE; GROWTH; PHAEODACTYLUM-TRICORNUTUM; ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION ID MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; PHOTOINHIBITION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; IMPACT AB Cultures of the temperate estuarine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin (NEPCC Clone 31), were grown under ambient intensities of ultraviolet-A radiation (UVAR), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and various intensities of ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR; 290-320 nm). Growth rates and cell volumes were monitored for 36 d. UVBR decreased growth rates and increased cell volumes. Sensitivity of growth to UVBR increased with time. Growth rates of P. tricornutum decreased with increasing ratios of UVBR:UVAR + PAR. C1 WESTERN WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,HUXLEY COLL ENVIRONM STUDIES,BELLINGHAM,WA 98225. US EPA,ERLN,NEWPORT,OR 97365. RP BEHRENFELD, MJ (reprint author), ASCI CORP,2111 SE MARINE SCI DR,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 25 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 3 PU PHYCOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 28 IS 6 BP 757 EP 760 DI 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1992.00757.x PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KH068 UT WOS:A1992KH06800005 ER PT J AU COPPEDGE, EA LOGAN, TJ MIDGETT, MR SHORES, RC MESSNER, MJ MURDOCH, RW JAYANTY, RKM AF COPPEDGE, EA LOGAN, TJ MIDGETT, MR SHORES, RC MESSNER, MJ MURDOCH, RW JAYANTY, RKM TI ACCURACY ASSESSMENT OF EPA PROTOCOL GASES PURCHASED IN 1991 SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note C1 RES TRIANGLE INST,DEPT ENVIRONM METHODS & STAND,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP COPPEDGE, EA (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,MD-77A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1617 EP 1619 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KD905 UT WOS:A1992KD90500014 ER PT J AU LEWIS, NM BARKLEY, NP WILLIAMS, T AF LEWIS, NM BARKLEY, NP WILLIAMS, T TI 1992 UPDATE OF UNITED-STATES EPAS SUPERFUND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION (SITE) EMERGING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Emerging Technology Program (ETP) has encouraged and financially supported further development of bench- and pilot-scale testing and evaluation of innovative technologies suitable for use at hazardous waste sites for five years. The ETP was established under the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986. The ETP complies with the goal of the SITE Program to promote, accelerate and make commercially available the development of alternative/innovative treatment technologies for use at Superfund sites. Technologies are submitted to the ETP through yearly solicitations for Preproposals. Following a technical review, chosen applicants are asked to submit a detailed project proposal and a cooperative agreement application that requires Developer/EPA cost sharing. EPA co-funds selected Developers for one to two years. Second-year funding requires documentation of significant progress during the first year. Facilities, equipment, data collection, performance and development are monitored throughout the project. The U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U. S. Air Force (USAF) are participants in the ETP. DOE has co-funded ETP projects since 1990 and the USAF since 1991. A primary goal of the ETP is to move developed technologies to the field-demonstration stage. Therefore, a developer may be considered for participation in the SITE Demonstration Program provided performance in the ETP indicates the technology is field-ready for demonstration and evaluation. Six technology categories: biological, chemical, materials handling, physical, solidification/stabilization and thermal, are presently in the ETP. Technologies of primary interest to EPA are those that can treat complex mixtures of hazardous organic and inorganic contaminants and provide improved solids handling and/or pretreatment. An account of the background and progress of the ETP's first five years is presented in this paper. Technologies currently in the ETP, including those selected from the fifth (EO5) solicitation, are noted, and developers, along with EPA Project Managers, are listed. RP LEWIS, NM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1644 EP 1656 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KD905 UT WOS:A1992KD90500015 ER PT J AU VANDENHURK, P CHAPMAN, PM RODDIE, B SWARTZ, RC AF VANDENHURK, P CHAPMAN, PM RODDIE, B SWARTZ, RC TI A COMPARISON OF NORTH-AMERICAN AND WEST-EUROPEAN INFAUNAL AMPHIPOD SPECIES IN A TOXICITY TEST ON NORTH-SEA SEDIMENTS SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article ID RHEPOXYNIUS-ABRONIUS AB During the Bremerhaven Workshop, sediment samples from 2 pollution gradients in the North Sea were tested in a 10 d static bioassay with infaunal amphipods. One gradient was downstream from a former drilling site, the second was offshore of the Elbe-Weser plume in the German Bight. Four participating laboratories used basically the same technique to test sediment toxicity with 1 of 3 different amphipod species: Rhepoxynius abronius, Corophium volutator or Bathyporeia sarsi. The measured endpoints were mortality and sublethal effects, including the inability to reburrow after exposure, avoidance and immobilisation. Results show that sediment samples from the stations on each gradient closest to contaminant sources were toxic to nearly all test species. Samples from other stations only caused mortality in the tests with C. volutator. C1 EVS CONSULTANTS LTD, N VANCOUVER V7P 2R4, BC, CANADA. WATER RES CTR, MEDMENHAM LAB, MARLOW SL7 2HD, BUCKS, ENGLAND. US EPA, CTR MARINE SCI, NEWPORT, OR 97365 USA. RP VANDENHURK, P (reprint author), BUR WAARDENBURG BV, POB 365, 4100 AJ CULEMBORG, NETHERLANDS. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 91 IS 1-3 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.3354/meps091237 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA LL064 UT WOS:A1992LL06400032 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, PM SWARTZ, RC RODDIE, B PHELPS, HL VANDENHURK, P BUTLER, R AF CHAPMAN, PM SWARTZ, RC RODDIE, B PHELPS, HL VANDENHURK, P BUTLER, R TI AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF SEDIMENT TOXICITY TESTS IN THE NORTH-SEA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article ID ESTUARINE SEDIMENT; RHEPOXYNIUS-ABRONIUS; BURROWING BIOASSAY; BAY; AMPHIPOD; WASHINGTON; LARVAE AB Toxicity testing of whole sediments was conducted as part of the Bremerhaven Workshop designed to test various methods (chemical and biological) for assessing the status of North Sea waters, sediments and biota. Six investigators from 4 countries were involved; laboratory testing was conducted after transporting field-collected sediments distances varying from tens of miles to thousands of miles. Sediments were tested from 2 contamination gradients, one from an abandoned drilling site, and the other from the mouth of the Elbe northwest across the German Bight. Methods included 11 different tests (20 end-points), 3 species of amphipod, a polychaete, a clam, an oyster and a bacterium. Amphipod 10 d acute lethality tests and a 48 h oyster larvae abnormal development test most clearly determined gradients in toxicity that corresponded with chemical and in situ community data. Lack of response was observed in Microtox and clam reburial tests. A polychaete growth test conducted in North America provided useful but not convincing information. A 24 h oyster larvae survival test conducted separately in England and The Netherlands gave results that were counter to the other tests and difficult to interpret. Survival and metamorphosis tests with older oyster larvae did not show consistent, interpretable gradients for the drilling site but did for the German Bight. The responsiveness of some tests may have been affected by a maximum 3 wk sediment holding time prior to testing; other tests did not provide usable information relative to either the burden of evidence of all tests, or corresponding chemical contamination data and benthic infaunal community structure. Based on the results of this workshop, currently the most useful sediment toxicity tests for general assessment and regulatory use in Europe are infaunal amphipod survival and 48 h oyster larval development tests. C1 US EPA, ERL, HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR, NEWPORT, OR 97365 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT BIOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20008 USA. BUR WAARDENBURG BV, 4100 AJ CULEMBORG, NETHERLANDS. WATER RES CTR, MARLOW SL7 2HD, BUCKS, ENGLAND. HERIOT WATT UNIV, EDINBURGH EH14 4AS, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. RP CHAPMAN, PM (reprint author), EVS CONSULTANTS LTD, 195 PEMBERTON AVE, N VANCOUVER V7P 2R4, BC, CANADA. NR 50 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 91 IS 1-3 BP 253 EP 264 DI 10.3354/meps091253 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA LL064 UT WOS:A1992LL06400034 ER PT J AU AINLEY, DG RIBIC, CA FRASER, WR AF AINLEY, DG RIBIC, CA FRASER, WR TI DOES PREY PREFERENCE AFFECT HABITAT CHOICE IN ANTARCTIC SEABIRDS SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article ID PETRELS THALASSOICA-ANTARCTICA; FEEDING ECOLOGY; MARION-ISLAND; APTENODYTES-FORSTERI; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PYGOSCELIS-ADELIAE; EMPEROR PENGUINS; WEDDELL SEA; BERING SEA; FOOD AB Diet composition of the members of 2 seabird species assemblages in the Scotia-Weddell Confluence region, Antarctica, was investigated during 3 seasons/years: spring 1983, autumn 1986, and winter 1988. One assemblage frequented the pack ice and the other was present in adjacent open waters; most members of the latter species assemblage vacated the Antarctic during winter. We sought answers to 2 questions: (1) Did the 2 species assemblages depend on food webs that differed substantially; and (2) Was there a trophic basis to explain why the pack-ice assemblage did not expand into the open water left vacant by the other during winter? To test an a priori hypothesis that diet was affected by habitat, diet samples were obtained from birds encountered in 3 habitats: open water, sparse concentrations of ice, and heavy ice cover. Cluster analysis showed broad overlap in seabird diet regardless of species, habitat (ice/water mass) or year. Seabirds exploited prey largely according to ranked availability, although they appeared to choose the larger fish and crustaceans over smaller crustaceans. Myctophids in particular, but also krill and squid, were the main prey groups. Diets did not separate on the basis of predator/prey size to any appreciable degree even though a 1000-fold difference in predator size existed. Feeding success, as indicated by fullness of stomach, of the members of the 2 species assemblages was highest when in their respective usual habitats. We conclude that open-water seabirds lack the specialized foraging behaviors required to exploit the pack-ice environment that open waters during the winter offer much poorer feeding conditions than those of the pack ice. C1 US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97333 USA. RP AINLEY, DG (reprint author), POINT REYES BIRD OBSERV, STINSON BEACH, CA 94970 USA. NR 75 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 90 IS 3 BP 207 EP 221 DI 10.3354/meps090207 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA KN492 UT WOS:A1992KN49200001 ER PT J AU DELLARCO, VL SHELBY, MD AF DELLARCO, VL SHELBY, MD TI SPECIAL ISSUE - FEMALE GERM-CELLS - BIOLOGY AND GENETIC RISK - EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP DELLARCO, VL (reprint author), US EPA,OHEA,HHAG RD689,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD DEC PY 1992 VL 296 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(92)90027-7 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA JZ006 UT WOS:A1992JZ00600001 ER PT J AU PERREAULT, SD AF PERREAULT, SD TI CHROMATIN REMODELING IN MAMMALIAN ZYGOTES SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE FERTILIZATION; SPERM; OOCYTE; PROTAMINE; SPERM DECONDENSATION; PRONUCLEUS; ZYGOTE ID SPERM NUCLEAR DECONDENSATION; CELL-CYCLE CONTROL; HAMSTER OOCYTES; GLUTATHIONE LEVELS; THYMOCYTE NUCLEI; MALE PRONUCLEUS; GOLDEN-HAMSTER; MOUSE OOCYTES; EGG CYTOPLASM; DNA-SYNTHESIS AB With sperm-egg fusion at the time of fertilization the gamete nuclei are remodeled from genetically quiescent structures into pronuclei capable of DNA synthesis. Features of this process that are critical to insure the genetic integrity of the zygote and the success of subsequent embryonic development include: oocyte responses that prevent polyspermy; completion of the 2nd meiotic division by the oocyte; exchange of proteins in the sperm nucleus; and, remodelling of the oocyte chromosomes and sperm nucleus into functional pronuclei. Elucidation of the biological and molecular mechanisms underlying zygote formation and chromatin remodeling should enhance our understanding of the potential vulnerability of the zygote to toxicant-induced damage. RP US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH MD72, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 84 TC 106 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES JI Mutat. Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 296 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(92)90031-4 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA JZ006 UT WOS:A1992JZ00600005 PM 1279407 ER PT J AU CRISP, TM AF CRISP, TM TI ORGANIZATION OF THE OVARIAN FOLLICLE AND EVENTS IN ITS BIOLOGY - OOGENESIS, OVULATION OR ATRESIA SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID SYNTHESIS; GRANULOSA-CELLS; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; PREOVULATORY FOLLICLES; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR; MEMBRANA-GRANULOSA; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; MAMMALIAN OVULATION RP CRISP, TM (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,REPROD & DEV TOXICOL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 143 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD DEC PY 1992 VL 296 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 106 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(92)90034-7 PG 18 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA JZ006 UT WOS:A1992JZ00600008 PM 1279410 ER PT J AU FUSCOE, JC ZIMMERMAN, LJ HARRINGTONBROCK, K MOORE, MM AF FUSCOE, JC ZIMMERMAN, LJ HARRINGTONBROCK, K MOORE, MM TI LARGE DELETIONS ARE TOLERATED AT THE HPRT LOCUS OF INVIVO DERIVED HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES-T SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HPRT GENE; LYMPHOCYTES-T, HUMAN; DELETION MUTATIONS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTIONS; PCR ID MOUSE LYMPHOMA-CELLS; THYMIDINE KINASE LOCUS; MUTANT FREQUENCY; CLONING ASSAY; X-CHROMOSOME; MUTATIONS; GENE; SYSTEM; CLONES AB A cloning assay was used to recover hprt- T-lymphocytes from adult human males. Analysis of crude cellular extracts by polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) demonstrated that 7% (16/218) of the hprt mutations were due to total deletion of the hprt gene. 14 of the 16 mutants were examined by PCR for the presence of flanking DNA to determine the extent of the deletions. The deletion mutation in 13 mutants was at least 350 kb with 5 of these deletions being at least 700 kb. The largest deletions were greater than 15 times the size of the hprt gene. Therefore, large deletions are tolerated at the hprt locus of human T-lymphocytes. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP FUSCOE, JC (reprint author), ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,POB 12199,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 28 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD DEC PY 1992 VL 283 IS 4 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1016/0165-7992(92)90057-O PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA JV815 UT WOS:A1992JV81500006 PM 1383798 ER PT J AU MARTONEN, TB KATZ, I FULTS, K HICKEY, AJ AF MARTONEN, TB KATZ, I FULTS, K HICKEY, AJ TI USE OF ANALYTICALLY DEFINED ESTIMATES OF AEROSOL RESPIRABLE FRACTION TO PREDICT LUNG DEPOSITION PATTERNS SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COMPENDIAL STANDARDS; PHARMACEUTICAL AEROSOLS; LUNG DEPOSITION ID CASCADE IMPACTOR; PARTICLES; AIRWAYS; LARYNX; TRACT AB Analytical estimates of the respirable fractions on inhaled pharmaceutical aerosols are obtained by inertial sampling techniques. The respirable fraction may be defined as that portion of the particle size distribution less than a designated diameter. The diameter size below which particles were considered respirable in these studies was 6.4 mum. In clinical practice, a variety of particle size distributions may be related to a single respirable fraction. Herein, three respirable fractions were each defined by six particle size distributions. The deposition patterns of aerosols exhibiting these particle size characteristics were examined in a mathematical model. The analytically defined respirable fractions were compared with predicted lung deposition values. Under clearly defined breathing conditions, there is a correlation between the nominal respirable fraction and deposition. However, it was concluded that the variations which occur in breathing parameters within patient populations may not allow a single analytically derived respirable fraction to be appropriate for all individual subjects. C1 DUKE UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN & MAT SCI,DURHAM,NC 27710. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PHARMACEUT,CHICAGO,IL 60680. RP MARTONEN, TB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0724-8741 J9 PHARMACEUT RES JI Pharm. Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 9 IS 12 BP 1634 EP 1639 DI 10.1023/A:1015880828704 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA KB948 UT WOS:A1992KB94800019 PM 1488409 ER PT J AU LEWTAS, J LEWIS, C ZWEIDINGER, R STEVENS, R CUPITT, L AF LEWTAS, J LEWIS, C ZWEIDINGER, R STEVENS, R CUPITT, L TI SOURCES OF GENOTOXICITY AND CANCER RISK IN AMBIENT AIR SO PHARMACOGENETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND NORDIC TOXICOLOGY CONGRESS ( NORDTOX-92 ) / 10TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NORDIC ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGEN SOC : GENETIC HOST FACTORS CY MAY, 1992 CL MARIEHAM, FINLAND SP NORDIC ENVIRONM MUTAGEN SOC AB Products of incomplete combustion are identified as a major source of carcinogenic risk in urban areas, especially those from small non-industrial sources. The major ubiquitous emission sources outdoors in populated areas are residential home heating and motor vehicles. Indoors the major combustion source is environmental tobacco smoke. Polycyclic organic matter adsorbed onto the particles emitted from incomplete combustion are estimated to make the largest contribution to human genotoxic and cancer risk. Mutagenic emission factors combined with dispersion modelling indicated that automobiles and heating sources were major sources of mutagens. Ambient air studies to apportion the sources of mutagens in non-industrial areas confirmed this prediction. To apportion and estimate the cancer risk of ambient organic matter from particles in vivo animal tumour data, receptor modelling and human exposure data were combined. Tumourigenicity studies of the source apportioned ambient organic matter provided the relative tumour potencies of two ambient samples of different source composition. The human cancer unit risks were developed based on the comparative potency method using tumour data from these ambient samples. Residential wood combustion accounted for 75% of the exposure to particle associated organics, but only 20% of the estimated cancer risk. The remaining 80% of the risk appears to be associated with the mobile source component and atmospheric transformation products from these source emissions. RP LEWTAS, J (reprint author), US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 0 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0960-314X J9 PHARMACOGENETICS JI Pharmacogenetics PD DEC PY 1992 VL 2 IS 6 BP 288 EP 296 DI 10.1097/00008571-199212000-00007 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LG856 UT WOS:A1992LG85600007 PM 1306129 ER PT J AU STANLEY, DJ WARNE, AG DAVIS, HR BERNASCONI, MP CHEN, ZY AF STANLEY, DJ WARNE, AG DAVIS, HR BERNASCONI, MP CHEN, ZY TI NILE DELTA SO RESEARCH & EXPLORATION LA English DT Article ID HOLOCENE SEQUENCES; EGYPT; EVOLUTION; STRATIGRAPHY; SUBSIDENCE; MINERALS; DEPOSITS; HISTORY; RECORDS; FLOODS AB On the basis of petrological and faunal analyses of 25 radiocarbon-dated cores, we interpret the late Quaternary evolution of the north-central Nile delta, Egypt. Evolution of the Nile delta between Manzala and Burullus lagoons results from the interplay of eustatic (sea-level), subsidence, paleoclimate, sediment-transport processes, and human intervention. The variation in Holocene lithofacies across the region results primarily from differential subsidence rates, possibly associated with offset along the Damietta-Latakia fault system. Littoral and eolian transport of eroded promontory sediments to the southeast gave rise to extensive coastal dune fields. These near-continuous dunes act as a natural dam that prevents marine inundation of interdune lows and subsequent development of lagoons in this region. These dune fields, which have recently buried lagoons, are expanding onto much-needed cultivated land. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,US NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,MEDITERRANEAN BASIN PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. UNIV CALLABRIA,DIPARTIMENTO SCI TERRA,I-87036 ARCAVACATA,ITALY. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL GEOGRAPHIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 17TH AND M STS NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 8755-724X J9 RES EXPLOR JI Res. Explor. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 1 BP 22 EP 51 PG 30 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LD398 UT WOS:A1992LD39800005 ER PT J AU MACPHAIL, RC AF MACPHAIL, RC TI PRINCIPLES OF IDENTIFYING AND CHARACTERIZING NEUROTOXICITY SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF TOXICOLOGY : TOXICOLOGY FROM DISCOVERY AND EXPERIMENTATION TO THE HUMAN PERSPECTIVE CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 1992 CL ROME, ITALY DE NEUROTOXICOLOGY; SCREENING; MECHANISMS OF ACTION; TIERED TESTING ID MOTOR-ACTIVITY AB There is currently considerable interest in the neurotoxic effects of environmental pollutants. Some of this interest is due to epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies showing that the nervous system is a target for many toxic substances. The interest is also due to a realization of how little is actually known about the neurotoxicity of most environmental pollutants. Laboratory research in neurotoxicology can be viewed as having two distinct approaches that focus on either the identification or the characterization of neurotoxic substances. Research on the identification of neurotoxicity deals mainly with the screening of chemicals for neurotoxicity. There has been a long-standing tradition of screening chemicals for neurotoxicity. There have, however, been several recent developments that are likely to improve our ability to identify neurotoxic substances, including more detailed assessments of a variety of behavioral and neurological functions. Research on the characterization of neurotoxicity deals mainly with efforts to discover the mechanism(s) of action of neurotoxic substances. This type of research has in some cases significantly advanced our knowledge of neurotoxic effects (e.g., acrylamide, n-hexane). Characterization-based research addresses many of the extrapolation issues of concern in toxicology (e.g., acute to chronic, high-dose to low-dose), and specifically attempts to interrelate the cellular, molecular and functional (neurophysiological, neurobehavioral) effects of toxic substances. These two research approaches represent critical elements of a tiered testing approach that could ultimately lead to more efficient testing protocols and a more comprehensive understanding of pollutant-induced neurotoxic risk in human populations. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PSYCHOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP MACPHAIL, RC (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 64-5 SI SI BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(92)90191-L PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KE526 UT WOS:A1992KE52600026 PM 1471176 ER PT J AU MOSER, VC MACPHAIL, RC AF MOSER, VC MACPHAIL, RC TI INTERNATIONAL VALIDATION OF A NEUROBEHAVIORAL SCREENING BATTERY - THE IPCS WHO COLLABORATIVE STUDY SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF TOXICOLOGY : TOXICOLOGY FROM DISCOVERY AND EXPERIMENTATION TO THE HUMAN PERSPECTIVE CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 1992 CL ROME, ITALY DE FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY; TRIETHYL TIN; ACRYLAMIDE; PARATHION; P,P'-DDT; TOLUENE; LEAD ACETATE; N,N'-METHYLENE BISACRYLAMIDE; IPCS ID NEUROTOXICITY AB A neurobehavioral screening battery consisting of a functional observational battery (FOB) and an automated measure of motor activity is the subject of an international collaborative study. Bight laboratories (four in Europe, four in the U.S.) are participating in this study, which is sponsored by the International Programme on Chemical Safety within the World Health Organization. Representatives from each laboratory received training on testing procedures and the study protocol during a 2-day workshop. Each laboratory then conducted studies using positive control chemicals to demonstrate their proficiency with the techniques. For motor activity studies, each laboratory had to show acute increases and decreases in activity produced by triadimefon and chlorpromazine, respectively. Using the FOB, each laboratory had to detect certain neurological syndromes: tremorigenic activity of a single dose Of p,p'-DDT, cholinergic signs with parathion, and neuromuscular deficits with short-term (1-2 weeks) repeated administration of acrylamide. In the formal studies, the effects of seven chemicals are currently being determined following both acute and 4-week exposures. The chemicals include triethyl tin, acrylamide, parathion, p,p'-DDT, toluene, lead acetate, and N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide. All chemicals were provided to the laboratories from a single supplier. Each laboratory is conducting the studies under their standard conditions, using their own strain of rat and testing equipment. Each laboratory also determines a maximum-tolerated dose for each compound as well as the time of peak effect following acute exposure. A simple algorithm is then used to select doses for the formal acute and repeated-exposure experiments. These studies will provide information regarding the reliability and robustness of neurobehavioral screening methods over a wide range of laboratory conditions. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP MOSER, VC (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,POB 12313,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 64-5 SI SI BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(92)90192-M PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KE526 UT WOS:A1992KE52600027 PM 1471177 ER PT J AU LU, FC DOURSON, ML AF LU, FC DOURSON, ML TI SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT OF PESTICIDES - PRINCIPLES, PROCEDURES AND EXAMPLES SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF TOXICOLOGY : TOXICOLOGY FROM DISCOVERY AND EXPERIMENTATION TO THE HUMAN PERSPECTIVE CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 1992 CL ROME, ITALY DE ADI; DDT; PESTICIDES; RFD; RISK ASSESSMENT AB The principles and procedures for the assessment of the safety/risk of chemical used by the relevant WHO and EPA expert groups are outlined. The assessment in terms of acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) and reference doses (RfDs) of 25 pesticides is listed. The pesticides assessed are acephate, alachlor, amitrole, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, biphenthrin, bromophos, chlordane, chlorthalonil, cyhalothrin, DDT, EPTC, ethion, folpet, fosetyl-al, glyphosate, isofenphos, methomyl, methyl mercury, paraquat, phosphamidon, systhane, terbutyn, tribultyltin oxide, and vinclozin. In addition, their critical effects, the no-observed-effect levels and the size of the safety/uncertainty factors used are also listed to illustrate the diversity of the toxic effects and the resulting assessments. Furthermore, the enormous amount of data reviewed and the complex scientific judgement involved are also indicated. Considering the various uncertainties existing, the ADIs and RfDs do not differ appreciably in most instances. However, marked differences exist between the ADIs and RfDs of DDT and chlordane. It is suggested that re-evaluation be done on these, and perhaps other, chemicals. C1 US EPA,SYSTEMAT TOXICANTS ASSESSMENT BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 64-5 SI SI BP 783 EP 787 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(92)90263-J PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KE526 UT WOS:A1992KE52600098 PM 1471237 ER PT J AU HOZIER, J APPLEGATE, M MOORE, MM AF HOZIER, J APPLEGATE, M MOORE, MM TI INVITRO MAMMALIAN MUTAGENESIS AS A MODEL FOR GENETIC LESIONS IN HUMAN CANCER SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MAMMALIAN MUTAGENESIS; INVITRO, ASSAYS; HUMAN CANCER, GENETIC LESIONS IN ID MOUSE LYMPHOMA-CELLS; THYMIDINE KINASE LOCUS; RESISTANT TFT MUTANTS; SHORT-TERM TESTS; ASSAY SYSTEM; ALLELE LOSS; MUTAGENICITY; CLASTOGENICITY; GENOTOXICITY; TUMOR AB Recently in vitro assays of mutagenesis have been criticized as being poorly predictive of long-term in vivo rodent assays of carcinogenicity. Questions have also been raised concerning the relevance of rodent assays to human risk. In vitro assays using mammalian cells can detect most types of genetic lesions thought to be important in human malignant disease. Molecular and cytogenetic analyses of mutations induced by a variety of genotoxic compounds at the heterozygous thymidine kinase locus in mouse lymphoma cells indicate that this in vitro assay does indeed register the range of genetic lesions recently found in a wide variety of human tumors. The types and complexity of the induced lesions are reflected in mutant colony phenotype in a compound-specific fashion. These studies point to the use of appropriate in vitro mammalian mutagenesis assays as new model systems for dissecting the genetic lesions important in human carcinogenesis, and as a means of determining the potential for compounds to induce such lesions. C1 FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 63 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD NOV 16 PY 1992 VL 270 IS 2 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1016/0027-5107(92)90131-K PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA JW772 UT WOS:A1992JW77200013 PM 1383737 ER PT J AU SWERDLOW, DL WOODRUFF, BA BRADY, RC GRIFFIN, PM TIPPEN, S DONNELL, HD GELDREICH, E PAYNE, BJ MEYER, A WELLS, JG GREENE, KD BRIGHT, M BEAN, NH BLAKE, PA AF SWERDLOW, DL WOODRUFF, BA BRADY, RC GRIFFIN, PM TIPPEN, S DONNELL, HD GELDREICH, E PAYNE, BJ MEYER, A WELLS, JG GREENE, KD BRIGHT, M BEAN, NH BLAKE, PA TI A WATERBORNE OUTBREAK IN MISSOURI OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI-O157-H7 ASSOCIATED WITH BLOODY DIARRHEA AND DEATH SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ESCHERICHIA-COLI INFECTIONS; MISSOURI; DIARRHEA; WATER SUPPLY ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SEROTYPE O157-H7; NURSING-HOME; INFECTIONS; 0157-H7 AB Objective: To describe and determine the source of a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ECO157) infections in Missouri. Design: A case-control study and a household survey. Setting: A small city in a rural Missouri township that had an unchlorinated water supply. Patients: Case patients were residents of or visitors to Burdine Township with bloody diarrhea or diarrhea and abdominal cramps occurring between 15 December 1989 and 20 January 1990. Measurements: Escherichia coli O157 was isolated from 21 stool specimens. All isolates were resistant to sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, and streptomycin; produced Shiga-like toxins I and II; and had one 60-megadalton plasmid. Results: Among the 243 case patients, 86 had bloody stools, 32 were hospitalized, 4 died, and 2 had the hemolytic uremic syndrome. In the case-control study, no food was associated with illness, but ill persons had drunk more municipal water than had controls (P = 0.04). The survey showed that, during the peak of the outbreak, bloody diarrhea was 18.2 times more likely to occur in persons living inside the city and using municipal water than in persons living outside the city and using private well water (P = 0.001). Shortly before the peak of the outbreak, 45 water meters were replaced, and two water mains ruptured. The number of new cases declined rapidly after residents were ordered to boil water and after chlorination of the water supply. Conclusions: This was the largest outbreak of ECO157 infections, the first due to a multiply resistant organism, and the first shown to be transmitted by water. System-wide chlorination as well as hyperchlorination during repairs might have prevented this outbreak. Both bloody and nonbloody diarrhea may be common manifestations of this infection, which is probably underdiagnosed because of the failure of routine stool cultures to identify the organism. Cities with deteriorating water systems using untreated water risk widespread illness from contaminated drinking water. C1 MISSOURI STATE DEPT HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MO 65102. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP SWERDLOW, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ENTER DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP C-09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 334 Z9 342 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD NOV 15 PY 1992 VL 117 IS 10 BP 812 EP 819 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JX838 UT WOS:A1992JX83800003 PM 1416555 ER PT J AU TURNER, BJ ELDER, JF LAUGHLIN, TF DAVIS, WP TAYLOR, DS AF TURNER, BJ ELDER, JF LAUGHLIN, TF DAVIS, WP TAYLOR, DS TI EXTREME CLONAL DIVERSITY AND DIVERGENCE IN POPULATIONS OF A SELFING HERMAPHRODITIC FISH SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE RIVULUS-MARMORATUS; DNA FINGERPRINTING; MICROSATELLITES; GENETIC VARIATION ID HYPERVARIABLE MINISATELLITE REGIONS; HUMAN DNA; VERTEBRATES; SEQUENCE AB Recombination is unknown in natural populations of Rivulus marmoratus, a selfing hermaphrodite, and genetic variation is likely due to mutation alone. DNA finger-printing with an array of microsatellite [e.g., (CT)9] and mini-satellite (e.g., the 33.15 core sequence) probes reveals very high clonal diversity within samples of seven Floridian populations, of which five contain about as many clones as there are individuals. There are 42 clones among 58 individuals surveyed (mean, 1.4 individuals per clone), a level of genetic diversity unprecedented among clonal animals. Moreover, all of the probes recognize the same clones even though, at high hybridization stringencies, there is little overlap in the fingerprint patterns they generate. This suggests that most sympatric clones differ by multiple and independent mutational steps. In one population studied in detail, the average number of mutational steps separating two clones is estimated at 9 or 10 and may be substantially higher. The mutational discontinuities among sympatric clones make it unlikely that they evolved by accumulation of neutral mutations in populations that are otherwise genetically uniform. The data argue that the mixing of unrelated individuals from different local populations occurs to an extent previously unappreciated and/or that divergence of clones is mediated by natural selection. If confirmed, the latter would be a serious challenge to current ideas on the predominant role of recombination in promoting the evolution of biological novelty. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP TURNER, BJ (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 30 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 15 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 22 BP 10643 EP 10647 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.22.10643 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JY874 UT WOS:A1992JY87400017 PM 1438260 ER PT J AU SMIALOWICZ, RJ LUEBKE, RW RIDDLE, MM AF SMIALOWICZ, RJ LUEBKE, RW RIDDLE, MM TI ASSESSMENT OF THE IMMUNOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF THE FUNGICIDE DINOCAP IN MICE SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DINOCAP; IMMUNOTOXICITY; MOUSE ID SUPPRESSION; EXPOSURE; THYMUS; INVOLUTION; NICKEL; MOUSE; RATS; TERM AB The immunotoxic potential of dinocap was evaluated in female C57BL/6J mice following in vivo and in vitro exposure to this fungicide. In in vivo studies, groups of mice were dosed by gavage with technical grade dinocap at dosages ranging from 12.5 to 50 mg/kg per day for 7 or 12 days and selected immune functions examined. Mice dosed at 50 mg/kg per day dinocap died after 4 days of dosing. Twelve days of dosing with dinocap at 25 mg/kg per day resulted in decreased thymus weights and cellularity, and increased spleen weights. No changes were observed in body weight, absolute differential peripheral leukocyte counts, the lymphoproliferative responses to B- or T-cell mitogens, the mixed lymphocyte reaction, or natural killer (NK) cell activity of spleen cells from mice exposed to dinocap. Lymphoproliferative responses to concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA), however, were reduced in thymocytes from mice dosed at 25 mg/kg per day dinocap. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to P815 mastocytoma cells was enhanced in mice exposed for 7 days to 25 mg/kg per day dinocap. Exposure of mice for 7 days to 25 mg/kg per day dinocap also caused a significant reduction in the IgM and IgG plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). A time-course study indicated that dinocap-induced suppression of the IgM PFC response was due to a delay in the peak PFC response to SRBC. In vitro studies using murine thymocytes cultured with dinocap (10 mug/ml for 72 h) resulted in suppression of the proliferative response to Con A and PHA. Exposure of thymocytes to dinocap in vitro for as little as 30 min resulted in suppression of the mitogen-stimulated response in the absence of any apparent direct cytotoxic effect. These results suggest that dinocap alters the immune system of the mouse, however, these effects are relatively modest in terms of adverse immune function and are only seen at relatively high exposure levels. RP SMIALOWICZ, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-92,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD NOV 15 PY 1992 VL 75 IS 3 BP 235 EP 247 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(92)90005-Y PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA KA743 UT WOS:A1992KA74300005 PM 1455432 ER PT J AU KENT, ML ELLIS, J FOURNIE, JW DAWE, SC BAGSHAW, JW WHITAKER, DJ AF KENT, ML ELLIS, J FOURNIE, JW DAWE, SC BAGSHAW, JW WHITAKER, DJ TI SYSTEMIC HEXAMITID (PROTOZOA, DIPLOMONADIDA) INFECTION IN SEAWATER PEN-REARED CHINOOK SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article ID TRYPANOSOMA-DANILEWSKYI; GOLDFISH AB A systemic infection with a hexamitid flagellate resembling Hexamita salmonis caused high mortality in chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha reared at a seawater netpen farm in British Columbia, Canada. Affected fish were anemic and had swollen abdomens containing serosanguinous ascites and large blood clots. They also had an enlarged, mottled and congested liver, and an enlarged kidney and spleen. Numerous parasites were observed in the blood. The most remarkable histological changes were found in the liver and kidney. Livers of affected fish showed edema, congestion and inflammation. The renal interstitium was moderately hyperplastic due to proliferation of hemoblasts. The systemic infection was transmitted in the laboratory to chinook by intraperitoneal injection, by gavage of infected ascites and by waterborne exposure (in both fresh and sea water) with a mixture of infected ascites and tissue. The infection was also transmitted in fresh and sea water by cohabitation with infected chinook. Atlantic salmon were refractory to the infection. Based on the ease of transmission of the parasite in both fresh and sea water, and the high mortality associated with the infection, this disease poses a potentially serious threat to aquaculture of chinook salmon. C1 SCANMAR SEAFOOD LTD,SECHELT V0N 3A0,BC,CANADA. US EPA,CTR MARINE & ESTUARINE DIS RES,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP KENT, ML (reprint author), FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,BIOL SCI BRANCH,PACIFIC BIOL STN,NANAIMO V9R 5K6,BC,CANADA. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD NOV 3 PY 1992 VL 14 IS 2 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.3354/dao014081 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA KB654 UT WOS:A1992KB65400001 ER PT J AU CARRA, JS AF CARRA, JS TI EPAS ROLE IN WORKER PROTECTION SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP CARRA, JS (reprint author), US EPA,OFF PREVENT PESTICIDES & TOX SUBST,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 53 IS 11 BP A526 EP A529 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JX168 UT WOS:A1992JX16800003 PM 1442558 ER PT J AU GHIO, AJ KENNEDY, TP WHORTON, AR CRUMBLISS, AL HATCH, GE HOIDAL, JR AF GHIO, AJ KENNEDY, TP WHORTON, AR CRUMBLISS, AL HATCH, GE HOIDAL, JR TI ROLE OF SURFACE COMPLEXED IRON IN OXIDANT GENERATION AND LUNG INFLAMMATION INDUCED BY SILICATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IRON CHELATES; SILICA; ASBESTOS; FREE RADICALS ID HYDROLYZABLE METAL-IONS; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; ASBESTOS FIBERS; WATER INTERFACE; OXYGEN; LEUKOTRIENE-B4; ADSORPTION; PARTICLES; MECHANISM AB Inhalation of silicates induces a variety of lung diseases in humans. The molecular mechanism(s) by which these dusts cause disease is not known. Because several naturally occurring mineral oxides have large amounts of transition metal ions on their surfaces, we tested the hypothesis that surface complexation of iron may be an important determinant of their ability to induce disease. Silica, crocidolite, kaolinite, and talc complexed considerable concentrations of Fe3+ onto their surfaces from both in vitro and in vivo sources. The potential biological importance of iron complexation was assessed by examining the relationship between surface [Fe3+] and the ability of silicates to mediate oxidative degradation of deoxyribose in vitro, induce a respiratory burst and elicit leukotriene B4 (LTB4) release by alveolar macrophages (AM) in vitro, and cause acute alveolitis after intratracheal insufflation. For these studies, three varieties of silicate dusts were used: iron-loaded, wetted (unmodified), and deferoxamine-treated to remove Fe3+. The ability of silicates to catalyze oxidant generation in an ascorbate/H2O2 system in vitro, to trigger respiratory burst activity and LTB4 release by AM, and to induce acute lung inflammation in the rat all increased with surface complexed Fe3+. The results of these studies suggest that surface complexation of iron may be an important determinant in the pathogenesis of disease after silicate exposure. C1 DUKE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,DURHAM,NC 27706. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV INHALAT TOXICOL,TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV UTAH,DEPT INTERNAL MED,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84132. RP GHIO, AJ (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV ALLERGY CRIT CARE & RESP MED,BOX 3177,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-02655]; NIOSH CDC HHS [OH-02264] NR 44 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 263 IS 5 BP L511 EP L518 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA JZ778 UT WOS:A1992JZ77800083 PM 1332500 ER PT J AU SAMET, JM NOAH, TL DEVLIN, RB YANKASKAS, JR MCKINNON, K DAILEY, LA FRIEDMAN, M AF SAMET, JM NOAH, TL DEVLIN, RB YANKASKAS, JR MCKINNON, K DAILEY, LA FRIEDMAN, M TI EFFECT OF OZONE ON PLATELET-ACTIVATING-FACTOR PRODUCTION IN PHORBOL-DIFFERENTIATED HL-60-CELLS, A HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELL LINE (BEAS-S6), AND PRIMARY HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAT ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; FACTOR ACETYLHYDROLASE; METABOLISM; 1-ALKYL-2-ACYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE; EXPOSURE; RELEASE AB Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid with a wide spectrum of pro-inflammatory properties. In the lung, PAF induces airway hyperresponsiveness, neutrophil sequestration, and increased vascular permeability. The alveolar macrophage and the bronchial epithelium are tissues that are exposed to inhaled ozone (O3). We studied the effect of an in vitro O3 exposure on PAF production in a macrophage-like HL60 human cell line (dHL60), a human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS S6), and also in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. PAF was quantified by thin-layer chromatographic separation of lipid extracts from cells radiolabeled with [H-3]lysoPAF and by radioimmunoassay. In vitro exposure of dHL60 cells to 0.05 to 1.0 ppm O3 for 15 to 120 min was found to significantly increase PAF levels above air control values at all exposure levels and time points (average increase of 92%). Similarly, BEAS S6 cells grown on collagen-coated filter supports and exposed to 0.05 to 1.0 ppm O3 for 60 min released an average increase in PAF of 626% above control values. Primary human bronchial epithelial cells also demonstrated significant increases in [H-3]PAF release (average increase of 289% after exposure to 1.0 ppm O3 for 60 min) compared with paired air controls. These findings suggest that some of the effects of O3 inhalation may be mediated by PAF. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR ENVIRONM MED & LUNG BIOL,CURRICULUM TOXICOL,DEPT MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PEDIAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. ALLIANCE TECHNOL INC,CHAPEL HILL,NC. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04951, ES07126] NR 51 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 7 IS 5 BP 514 EP 522 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA KK884 UT WOS:A1992KK88400009 PM 1419027 ER PT J AU BRYANT, FO AF BRYANT, FO TI BIODEGRADATION OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID AND 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID BY DICHLOROPHENOL-ADAPTED MICROORGANISMS FROM FRESH-WATER, ANAEROBIC SEDIMENTS SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REDUCTIVE DEHALOGENATION; DECHLORINATION; DEGRADATION; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; AQUIFERS; PURE AB Reductive dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) was investigated in anaerobic sediments by non-adapted.microorganisms and by microorganisms adapted to either 2,4- or 3,4-dichlorophenol (DCP). The rate of dechlorination of 2,4-D was increased by adaptation of sediment microorganisms to 2,4-DCP while dechlorination by sediment microorganisms adapted to 3,4-DCP displayed a lag phase similar to non-adapted sediment slurries. Both 2,4- and 3,4-DCP-adapted microorganisms produced 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid by ortho-chlorine removal. Lag phases prior to dechlorination of the initial addition of 2,4,5-T by DCP-adapted sediment microorganisms were comparable to those from non-adapted sediment slurries. However, the rates of dechlorination increased upon subsequent additions of 2,4,5-T. Biodegradation of 2,4,5-T by sediment microorganisms adapted to 2,4- and/or 3,4-DCP produced 2,5-D as the initial intermediate followed by 3-chlorophenol and phenol indicating a para > ortho > meta order of dechlorination. Dechlorination of 2,4,5-T, by either adapted or non-adapted sediment microorganisms, progressed without detection of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol as an intermediate. C1 US EPA,TAI,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 38 IS 2 BP 276 EP 281 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA KB406 UT WOS:A1992KB40600027 ER PT J AU KROST, KJ MCCLENNY, WA AF KROST, KJ MCCLENNY, WA TI FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR PARTICLE-ASSOCIATED AMMONIUM-SULFATE SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROMETRY; AMMONIUM SULFATE; X-RAY FLUORESCENCE; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMPARATIVE EVALUATION ID AMBIENT AEROSOLS AB A commercial Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, modified for automated analysis of particulate-associated sulfate, was used to obtain the integrated absorbance (635 cm-1 to 595 cm-1) due to sulfate in ambient particulate matter collected onto Teflon(R) filters. An evaluation of this instrumentation was undertaken to determine its applicability for measuring sulfate and the correlation of results with those of ion chromatography and x-ray fluorescence. Particulate samples from six geographical areas were evaluated in this study. Results from different filter sets, using individual filter blanks, show values of the coefficient of determination of 0.90 or higher, with one notable exception. This exception was due to a skewed shift in the peak wavelength absorption (620 cm-1), and apparently indicates the effect of co-collected compounds in chemically shifting the spectra. For best analytical results, the spectrum of individual Teflon(R) filters instead of a generic blank should be used for subtracting the contribution of Teflon(R) absorption. Orientation of the filter in the FT-IR system must be the same during measurement of the blank and the sample to avoid spurious readings. The detection limit for ammonium sulfate is 1.2 mug/cm2, which corresponds to 0.36 mug/m3 sampled over 24 hours at 15.0 L/min for ammonium sulfate. RP KROST, KJ (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1737 EP 1740 DI 10.1366/0003702924926763 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA JZ764 UT WOS:A1992JZ76400023 ER PT J AU SCHMIEDER, PK WEBER, LJ AF SCHMIEDER, PK WEBER, LJ TI BLOOD AND WATER-FLOW LIMITATIONS ON GILL UPTAKE OF ORGANIC-CHEMICALS IN THE RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCHORYNCHUS-MYKISS) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FLOW LIMITATIONS; FISH GILL; CARDIAC OUTPUT; VENTILATION VOLUME ID RESPIRATORY-CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES; ACUTE TOXICITY SYNDROMES; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; FISH GILLS; GAS-EXCHANGE; MODEL; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; EFFICIENCY AB The influence of perfusion and ventilation on the uptake of organic chemicals at the gills of rainbow trout was evaluated for a hydrophilic chemical, butanol, and a hydrophobic chemical, decanol. Passive chemical uptake from water was measured in vivo as chemical extraction efficiency and chemical uptake rate after varying gill blood and water flows. An experimental protocol was developed using altered environmental oxygen concentrations to induce trout to increase gill water flow while maintaining control levels of gill blood flow. Subsequently, trout increased gill blood flow and decreased water flow. Uptake rates and extraction efficiency of each chemical measured during pre-hypoxia, hypoxia, and post-hypoxia, were evaluated in terms of observed gill perfusion and ventilation. During hypoxia, gill uptake rate for butanol did not change from pre-hypoxia levels, even with increases in ventilation. Butanol removal from water increased 70% as cardiac output was elevated during post-hypoxia. Uptake rate of the hydrophobic chemical decanol increased to the greatest extent (100%) during hypoxia, with maximally elevated gill water flow. Trout gill uptake of butanol was blood flow-limited while the uptake of decanol was water flow-limited. These empirical measurements are in good agreement with predictions of blood and water flow limitations on chemical uptake proposed in recent flow limited gill models. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365. RP SCHMIEDER, PK (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB DULUTH,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 121 DI 10.1016/0166-445X(92)90019-J PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA KA679 UT WOS:A1992KA67900006 ER PT J AU SEXTON, K SELEVAN, SG WAGENER, DK LYBARGER, JA AF SEXTON, K SELEVAN, SG WAGENER, DK LYBARGER, JA TI ESTIMATING HUMAN EXPOSURES TO ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS - AVAILABILITY AND UTILITY OF EXISTING DATABASES SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Information about human exposures to environmental agents is a crucial component of informed decisions about protection of public health. Results from an inventory of exposure-related databases are used to examine the value of exposure information for risk assessment, risk management, surveillance of status and trends, and epidemiologic studies. Findings indicate that current and future exposure-related databases should include (1) standardized procedures for the collection, storage, analysis, and reporting of data; (2) an enhanced ability to compare data over time, i.e., conduct comparison studies of ''old'' and ''new'' methods; (3) mechanisms for coordination and cooperation among public and private-sector organizations with respect to the design, maintenance, exchange, and review of information systems; (4) measurements of actual exposures and dose for relevant human populations; and (5) data collection, storage, and retrieval methods that permit easy manipulation of information for both model building and testing. C1 US EPA,HUMAN HLTH ASSESSMENT GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CTR DIS CONTROL,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH STUDIES,ATLANTA,GA. RP SEXTON, K (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH RES,401 M ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 13 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 47 IS 6 BP 398 EP 407 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KH566 UT WOS:A1992KH56600001 PM 1485803 ER PT J AU GRAHAM, J WALKER, KD BERRY, M BRYAN, EF CALLAHAN, MA FAN, A FINLEY, B LYNCH, J MCKONE, T OZKAYNAK, H SEXTON, K AF GRAHAM, J WALKER, KD BERRY, M BRYAN, EF CALLAHAN, MA FAN, A FINLEY, B LYNCH, J MCKONE, T OZKAYNAK, H SEXTON, K TI ROLE OF EXPOSURE DATABASES IN RISK ASSESSMENT SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Risk assessments have assumed an increasingly important role in the management of risks in this country. The determination of which pollutants or public health issues are to be regulated, the degree and extent of regulation, and the priority assigned to particular problems are all areas of risk assessment that influence the country's $100 billion annual investment in environmental protection. Recent trends in public policy have brought the practice of risk assessment under greater scrutiny. As policy makers increasingly insist that specific numerical risk levels (so-called bright lines) be incorporated into regulatory decisions, the stakes for good risk assessment practice, already high, are raised even further. Enhancing the scientific basis of risk assessments was a major goal of the Workshop on Exposure Databases. In this article, we present the Risk Assessment Work Group's evaluation of the use of exposurerelated databases in risk assessment and the group's recommendations for improvement. The work group's discussion focused on the availability, suitability, and quality of data that underly exposure assessments, a critical component of risk assessment. The work group established a framework for evaluation, based on exposure scenarios typically used in regulatory decisions. The scenarios included examples from Superfund, the Clean Air Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, and other regulatory programs. These scenarios were used to illustrate current use of exposure data, to highlight gaps in existing data sources, and to discuss how improved exposure information can improve risk assessments. The work group concluded that many of the databases available are designed for purposes that do not meet exposure and risk assessment needs. Substantial gaps exist in measurements of actual human exposure and in the data necessary to model exposures, to characterize distributions of exposure, to identify high-risk groups, and to identify possible environmental inequities in exposure. The work group, on the basis of its findings, made both short-term and longer-term recommendations for improving the collection of exposure data in the future. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. US EPA,DIV EXPOSURE EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. CALIF ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY,PESTICIDES & ENVIRONM TOXICOL SECT,BERKELEY,CA. MCLAREN HART ENVIRONM ENGN,ALAMEDA,CA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. EXXON CHEM CO,E MILLSTONE,NJ. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. US EPA,OFF HLTH RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP GRAHAM, J (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR RISK ANAL,677 HUNTINGTON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 8 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 47 IS 6 BP 408 EP 420 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KH566 UT WOS:A1992KH56600002 PM 1485804 ER PT J AU BURKE, T ANDERSON, H BEACH, N COLOME, S DREW, RT FIRESTONE, M HAUCHMAN, FS MILLER, TO WAGENER, DK ZEISE, L TRAN, N AF BURKE, T ANDERSON, H BEACH, N COLOME, S DREW, RT FIRESTONE, M HAUCHMAN, FS MILLER, TO WAGENER, DK ZEISE, L TRAN, N TI ROLE OF EXPOSURE DATABASES IN RISK MANAGEMENT SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Despite the development of numerous national exposure-related databases, exposure assessment remains a weak link in the chain of risk assessment and risk-management activities. Most databases include measures of environmental releases or concentrations of pollutants in specific media, but do not include actual measures of exposure. if accurate estimates of exposure experienced by populations or individuals are absent, it is impossible to judge the effectiveness of risk-management strategies. The Risk Management Work Group evaluation identified the following needs: refinement of measurements of total exposure experienced by individuals, improved characterization of the distribution of exposures in the population, longitudinal monitoring of exposure trends, and improved information about the public health implications of exposure. Recommendations are presented with the hope that the utility of existing databases will be improved and that future initiatives will be developed that meet the needs of risk management. C1 WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,MADISON,WI. US EPA,OFF PESTICIDES & TOX SUBST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. INTEGRATED ENVIRONM SERV,IRVINE,CA. AMER PETR INST,WASHINGTON,DC. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CTR DIS CONTROL,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. CALIF ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY,OFF ENVIRONM HLTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT,BERKELEY,CA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP BURKE, T (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 47 IS 6 BP 421 EP 429 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KH566 UT WOS:A1992KH56600003 PM 1485805 ER PT J AU GOLDMAN, LR GOMEZ, M GREENFIELD, S HALL, L HULKA, BS KAYE, WE LYBARGER, JA MCKENZIE, DH MURPHY, RS WELLINGTON, DG WOODRUFF, T AF GOLDMAN, LR GOMEZ, M GREENFIELD, S HALL, L HULKA, BS KAYE, WE LYBARGER, JA MCKENZIE, DH MURPHY, RS WELLINGTON, DG WOODRUFF, T TI USE OF EXPOSURE DATABASES FOR STATUS AND TRENDS ANALYSIS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION AB Exposure databases are useful for monitoring status and trends in environmental health. However, other supporting data are usually needed to infer human exposure or internal dose. Program planning and evaluation, environmental health surveillance, epidemiologic research, and contributions to international efforts are four major purposes for monitoring environmental exposure status and trends. Although databases play an important role in monitoring human exposure, certain methodological problems need to be overcome. The work group developed six criteria for meeting information needs for human exposure assessment. Areas that need attention are (1) specification of location, (2) specification of facility and chemical identifiers, (3) documentation of special populations at risk, (4) provision of early warning of new problems, (5) monitoring changes over time, and (6) enhancement of documentation. We tested these criteria by examining six available databases that might be used for monitoring exposure to contaminants in drinking water. Available data fell short of information needs. We drew four conclusions and offered several recommendations for each. First, available data systems lack adequate measures of human exposure. Second, data for monitoring exposures for many important population subgroups and environmental settings are inadequate. Third, an ''early warning'' system that monitors human exposures is needed. Fourth, designers of data-collection systems should consider the needs of users who monitor status and trends of human exposure. C1 NCI,OCCUPAT STUDIES SECT,ROCKVILLE,MD. SYST APPLICAT INC,SAN RAFAEL,CA 94903. US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH STUDIES,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. US EPA,STAT POLICY BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,INST HLTH POLICY STUDIES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP GOLDMAN, LR (reprint author), CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT DIS CONTROL,5900 HOLLIS ST,SUITE E,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608, USA. RI Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 47 IS 6 BP 430 EP 438 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KH566 UT WOS:A1992KH56600004 PM 1485806 ER PT J AU MATANOSKI, G SELEVAN, SG AKLAND, G BORNSCHEIN, RL DOCKERY, D EDMONDS, L GREIFE, A MEHLMAN, M SHAW, GM ELLIOTT, E AF MATANOSKI, G SELEVAN, SG AKLAND, G BORNSCHEIN, RL DOCKERY, D EDMONDS, L GREIFE, A MEHLMAN, M SHAW, GM ELLIOTT, E TI ROLE OF EXPOSURE DATABASES IN EPIDEMIOLOGY SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CANCER MORTALITY; AIR-POLLUTION; DRINKING-WATER; DISEASE; COUNTIES; CLUSTERS; ASTHMA AB At present, exposure databases record data primarily for regulatory purposes; they have not focused on serving the needs of epidemiologists or public health. However, the modification of exposure databases could facilitate their use in epidemiology. Characteristics necessary to enhance the use of all databases include easy access by users; documentation of methods, sampling bias, error, and inconsistences; widespread coverage in time and space; and methods and measures for estimating exposure of individuals as well as populations. Also needed are exposure scenarios and models to estimate exposures for geographic areas and time intervals not currently sampled. Multidisciplinary teams are needed to examine current databases, to review strategies for improving data collection, and to suggest and help implement appropriate changes. A long-term goal is to develop and validate data from exposure scenarios and models using data on the relationship of exposure to doses measured in humans. C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA. MARCH DIMES BIRTH DEFECTS FDN,EMERYVILLE,CA. RP MATANOSKI, G (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,624 N BROADWAY,ROOM 280,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 47 IS 6 BP 439 EP 446 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KH566 UT WOS:A1992KH56600005 PM 1485807 ER PT J AU KLEINDIENST, TE SMITH, DF HUDGENS, EE SNOW, RF PERRY, E CLAXTON, LD BUFALINI, JJ BLACK, FM CUPITT, LT AF KLEINDIENST, TE SMITH, DF HUDGENS, EE SNOW, RF PERRY, E CLAXTON, LD BUFALINI, JJ BLACK, FM CUPITT, LT TI THE PHOTOOXIDATION OF AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS - MEASUREMENTS OF THE TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS AND THEIR MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS; MUTAGENICITY; PHOTOOXIDATION; REACTION PRODUCTS; TRANSFORMATION ID GAS-PHASE; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; PHOTOOXIDATION; OZONE; MECHANISMS; PROPYLENE; MIXTURES AB Dilute mixtures of automobile emissions (comprising 50% exhaust and 50% surrogate evaporative emissions) were irradiated in a 22.7 m3 smog chamber and tested for mutagenic activity by using a variant of the Ames test. The exhaust was taken from a single vehicle, a 1977 Ford Mustang equipped with a catalytic converter. Irradiated and nonirradiated gas-phase emissions were used in exposures of the bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium, strains TA100 and TA98. A single set of vehicular operating conditions was used to perform multiple exposures. The mutagenic activities of extracts from the particulate phase were also measured with the standard plate incorporation assay. (In most experiments only direct-acting mutagenic compounds were measured.) The gas-phase data for TA100 and TA98 showed increased activity for the irradiated emissions when compared to the nonirradiated mixture, which exhibited negligible activity with respect to the control values. The particulate phase for both the irradiated and nonirradiated mixtures showed negligible activity when results were compared to the control values for both strains. However, the experimental conditions limited the amount of extractable mass which could be collected in the particulate phase. The measured activities from the gas phase and particulate phase were converted to the number of revertants per cubic meter of effluent (i.e. the mutagenic density) to compare the contributions of each of these phases to the total mutagenic activity for each strain. Under the experimental conditions of this study, the mutagenic density of the gas-phase component of the irradiated mixture contributed approximately two orders of magnitude more of the total TA100 activity than did the particulate phase. For TA98 the gas-phase component contributed approximately one order of magnitude more. However, caution must be exercised in extrapolating these results to urban atmospheres heavily impacted by automotive emissions, because the bacterial mutagenicity assay was used as a screening method, and additional assays using mammalian systems have not yet been conducted. In addition, only limited number of conditions were able to be tested. The significance and limitations of the results are discussed. C1 ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP KLEINDIENST, TE (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM SCI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 42 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD NOV PY 1992 VL 26 IS 16 BP 3039 EP 3053 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90294-U PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JY218 UT WOS:A1992JY21800017 ER PT J AU MASS, MJ ROOP, BC AF MASS, MJ ROOP, BC TI PCR PRIMERS SPECIFIC FOR DETECTION OF A RAT REPETITIVE SEQUENCE SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID DNA RP MASS, MJ (reprint author), US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD NOV PY 1992 VL 13 IS 5 BP 676 EP & PG 0 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JX316 UT WOS:A1992JX31600003 PM 1418961 ER PT J AU CHEN, CJ CHEN, CW WU, MM KUO, TL AF CHEN, CJ CHEN, CW WU, MM KUO, TL TI CANCER POTENTIAL IN LIVER, LUNG, BLADDER AND KIDNEY DUE TO INGESTED INORGANIC ARSENIC IN DRINKING-WATER SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID DISEASE ENDEMIC AREA; ARTESIAN WELL WATER; MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS; BLACKFOOT DISEASE; CARCINOGENESIS; MORTALITY; CARCINOMA; TAIWAN; MODELS AB In order to compare risk of various internal organ cancers induced by ingested inorganic arsenic and to assess the differences in risk between males and females, cancer potency indices were calculated using mortality rates among residents in an endemic area of chronic arsenicism on the southwest coast of Taiwan, and the Armitage-Doll multistage model. Based on a total of 898,806 person-years as well as 202 liver cancer, 304 lung cancer, 202 bladder cancer and 64 kidney cancer deaths, a significant dose-response relationship was observed between arsenic level in drinking water and mortality of the cancers. The potency index of developing cancer of the liver, lung, bladder and kidney due to an intake of 10 mug kg day of arsenic was estimated as 4.3 x 10(-3), 1.2 x 10(-2), 1.2 x 10(-2), and 4.2 x 10(-3) respectively, for males; as well as 3.6 x 10(-3), 1.3 x 10(-2), 1.7 x 10(-2), and 4.8 x 10(-3), respectively, for females in the study area. The multiplicity of inorganic arsenic-induced carcinogenicity without showing any organotropism deserves further investigation. C1 ACAD SINICA, INST BIOMED SCI, TAIPEI 11529, TAIWAN. US EPA, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH, DEPT EPIDEMIOL, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. NATL TAIWAN UNIV, COLL MED, DEPT LEGAL MED, TAIPEI, TAIWAN. RP CHEN, CJ (reprint author), NATL TAIWAN UNIV, COLL MED, INST PUBL HLTH, TAIPEI 10018, TAIWAN. RI Chen, Chien-Jen/C-6976-2008 NR 33 TC 528 Z9 540 U1 4 U2 38 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0007-0920 J9 BRIT J CANCER JI Br. J. Cancer PD NOV PY 1992 VL 66 IS 5 BP 888 EP 892 DI 10.1038/bjc.1992.380 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA JW713 UT WOS:A1992JW71300023 PM 1419632 ER PT J AU SOLOMON, AM BARTLEIN, PJ AF SOLOMON, AM BARTLEIN, PJ TI PAST AND FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE - RESPONSE BY MIXED DECIDUOUS CONIFEROUS FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN NORTHERN MICHIGAN SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON EMERGING ISSUES IN NORTHERN HARDWOOD MANAGEMENT : AIR POLLUTION, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND BIODIVERSITY CY MAY 21-23, 1991 CL MACKINAC ISL, MI SP MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV, FORESTRY CANADA, USDA, FOREST SERV, MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, MICHIGAN DEP NAT RESOURCES, UNIV MICHIGAN, UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, SOC AMER FORESTERS ID MODEL; RECONSTRUCTION; DYNAMICS; AMERICA; GROWTH; CO2 AB During the 21st century, global climate change is expected to become a significant force redefining global biospheric boundaries and vegetation dynamics. In the northern hardwood - boreal forest transition forests, it should, at the least, control reproductive success and failure among unmanaged mixed forest stands. One means by which to predict future responses by the mixed forests is to examine the way in which they have responded to climate changes in the past. We used proxy climate data derived from Holocene (past 10 000 years) pollen records in the western Upper Peninsula of Michigan to drive forest gap models, in an effort to define regional prehistoric vegetation dynamics on differing soils. The gap models mimic forest reproduction and growth as a successional process and, hence, are appropriate for defining long-term tree and stand dynamics. The modeled period included a mid-postglacial period that was warmer than today's climate. Model failures, made apparent from the exercise, were corrected and the simulations were repeated until the model behaved credibly. Then, the same gap model was used to simulate potential future vegetation dynamics, driven by projections of a future climate that was controlled by greenhouse gases. This provided us with the same "measure" of vegetation in the past, present, and future, generating a continuously comparable record of change and stability in forest composition and density. The resulting projections of vegetation response to climate change appear to be affected more by the rate than by the magnitude of climate change. C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & WOOD PROD,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. UNIV OREGON,DEPT GEOG,EUGENE,OR 97403. RP SOLOMON, AM (reprint author), US EPA,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. RI Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011 OI Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685 NR 45 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1727 EP 1738 DI 10.1139/x92-227 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KC744 UT WOS:A1992KC74400020 ER PT J AU HERRENOSAENZ, D EVANS, FE HEINZE, T LEWTAS, J FU, PP AF HERRENOSAENZ, D EVANS, FE HEINZE, T LEWTAS, J FU, PP TI INVITRO METABOLISM AND DNA ADDUCT FORMATION FROM THE MUTAGENIC ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANT 2-NITROFLUORANTHENE SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROSOMAL METABOLISM; 2-NITROPYRENE; 1-NITROPYRENE; BINDING; 3-NITROFLUORANTHENE; CARCINOGENICITY; DEOXYGUANOSINE; FLUORANTHENE AB The metabolism and DNA adduct formation by the mutagenic environmental contaminant 2-nitrofluoranthene (2-NFA) were studied. Incubation under aerobic conditions with liver microsomes of rats pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene yielded trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydro-2-nitrofluoranthene, trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydro-2-nitrofluoranthene, and 7-, 8-, and 9-phenolic metabolites. When the epoxide hydrolase inhibitor 3,3,3-trichloropropylene was present in the incubation, only phenolic metabolites were detected. Under hypoxic conditions, 2-aminofluoranthene was obtained, together with a trace of the ring-oxidized metabolites. The activated metabolite, N-hydroxy-2-aminofluoranthene, was prepared in situ and reacted with calf thymus DNA. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis of the DNA and purification by HPLC, a C8-substituted deoxyguanosine adduct, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluoranthene, was identified by mass and proton NMR spectral analysis. This adduct was also formed at a level of 10 pmol/mg of DNA when 2-NFA was metabolized by xanthine oxidase, 6 pmol/mg of DNA from incubation with liver microsomes of rats pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene, and 3-pmol/mg of DNA from metabolism by liver microsomes of rats pretreated with phenobarbital. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 5 IS 6 BP 863 EP 869 DI 10.1021/tx00030a021 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA KB009 UT WOS:A1992KB00900022 PM 1489938 ER PT J AU CARLIN, A GARNER, D AF CARLIN, A GARNER, D TI THE COST OF NOT ACTING - REPLY SO ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 LAW INST,WASHINGTON,DC. RP CARLIN, A (reprint author), US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0013-9157 J9 ENVIRONMENT JI Environment PD NOV PY 1992 VL 34 IS 9 BP 2 EP 3 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KC191 UT WOS:A1992KC19100002 ER PT J AU COSTANZA, R CORNWELL, L AF COSTANZA, R CORNWELL, L TI THE 4P APPROACH TO DEALING WITH SCIENTIFIC UNCERTAINTY SO ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID POLLUTION-CONTROL C1 UNIV MARYLAND,CTR ENVIRONM & ESTUARINE STUDIES,SOLOMONS,MD 20688. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP COSTANZA, R (reprint author), MARYLAND INT INST ECOL ECON,SOLOMONS,MD, USA. RI Costanza, Robert/A-4912-2008 OI Costanza, Robert/0000-0001-6348-8734 NR 29 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 8 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0013-9157 J9 ENVIRONMENT JI Environment PD NOV PY 1992 VL 34 IS 9 BP 12 EP & PG 0 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KC191 UT WOS:A1992KC19100007 ER PT J AU WATTS, RR LEMIEUX, PM GROTE, RA LOWANS, RW WILLIAMS, RW BROOKS, LR WARREN, SH DEMARINI, DM BELL, DA LEWTAS, J AF WATTS, RR LEMIEUX, PM GROTE, RA LOWANS, RW WILLIAMS, RW BROOKS, LR WARREN, SH DEMARINI, DM BELL, DA LEWTAS, J TI DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCE TESTING, ANALYTICAL, AND MUTAGENICITY BIOASSAY PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATING EMISSIONS FROM MUNICIPAL AND HOSPITAL WASTE COMBUSTORS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY; COMPLEX-MIXTURES; FLY-ASH; INCINERATORS; CARCINOGENS; EXTRACTS; DIOXINS; ASSAY AB Incineration is currently being used for disposal of about 10% of the solid waste generated in the United States, and this percentage will likely increase as land disposal declines. Siting new incinerators, however, is often controversial because of concerns related to the possibility of adverse health effects and environmental contamination from long-term exposure to stack emissions. Specific concerns relate to the adequacies of a) stack emission testing protocols, b) existing regulations, and c) compliance monitoring and enforcement of regulations. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency laboratories are cooperatively conducting research aimed at developing new testing equipment and procedures that will allow a more comprehensive assessment of the complex mixture of organics that is present in stick emissions. These efforts are directed specifically toward developing source testing equipment and procedures, analytical procedures, and bioassay procedures. The objectives of this study were to field test two types of high-volume source dilution samplers, collect stack samples for use in developing analytical and mutagenicity bioassay procedures, and determine mutagenicity of organics associated with emission particles from two municipal waste combustors and a hospital waste combustor. Data are presented for particle concentrations and emission rates. extractable organic concentrations and emission rates, and Salmonella (Ames) mutagenic potency and emission rates. The mutagenic emission rates and emission factors are compared to other incinerators and combustion sources. C1 US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP WATTS, RR (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-68A,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 98 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.2307/3431276 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA KG637 UT WOS:A1992KG63700036 PM 1486854 ER PT J AU FOWLE, JR SEXTON, K AF FOWLE, JR SEXTON, K TI EPA PRIORITIES FOR BIOLOGIC MARKERS RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article AB Recent advances in molecular and cellular biology allow for measurement of biologic events or substances that may provide markers of exposure, effect, or susceptibility in humans. The application of these new and emerging techniques to environmental health offers the possibility of significantly reducing the uncertainties that traditionally hamper risk assessments. The U.S. Environmental protection Agency (EPA) health research program emphasizes the validation of appropriate biologic markers and their application to high-priority Agency issues. The rationale for EPA's biomarker research program is presented, and future research directions are discussed. Exposure biomarkers will receive most of the research emphasis in the near term, particularly body burden indicators of exposure to high-priority chemicals, such as benzene, ozone, selected heavy metals, and organophosphate pesticides. Research on effects biomarkers will attempt to validate the relationship between the observed biological effects and adverse health consequences in humans, especially for cancer, pulmonary toxicity, immunotoxicity, and reproductive/developmental toxicity. C1 US EPA,OFF HLTH RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 98 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.2307/3431277 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA KG637 UT WOS:A1992KG63700037 PM 1486855 ER PT J AU KRISHNAMURTHY, S AF KRISHNAMURTHY, S TI EXTRACTION AND RECOVERY OF LEAD SPECIES FROM SOIL SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article AB The remediation of lead contaminated soil at Superfund sites and urban soil is a serious concern, given the grave effects of lead exposure and the pervasive nature of the threat. The lead species of interest are elemental lead, lead sulfate, basic carbonate of lead and lead dioxide. This paper describes work done to solubilize these species and recover the contaminants as salable lead sulfate. Proof of concept was done using the pure chemicals. After this, bench scale experiments were done using a soil that was dosed with varying amounts of the contaminants (total lead from 1,000 to 10,000 ppm) and better than 80% of the contaminants was recovered as lead sulfate. The treated soil passed the TCLP test with 3.0 ppm lead, showing that it could be be redeposited on site. A pilot-plant scale-up is being explored. RP KRISHNAMURTHY, S (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,EDISON,NJ 08837, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 11 IS 4 BP 256 EP 260 DI 10.1002/ep.670110411 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KB064 UT WOS:A1992KB06400004 ER PT J AU LAUCH, RP HERRMANN, JG MAHAFFEY, WR JONES, AB DOSANI, M HESSLING, J AF LAUCH, RP HERRMANN, JG MAHAFFEY, WR JONES, AB DOSANI, M HESSLING, J TI REMOVAL OF CREOSOTE FROM SOIL BY BIOSLURRY REACTORS SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article AB Biological slurry reactors were tested for removal of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from creosote contaminated soil. Five bioslurry reactors, operated in parallel, kept the soil aerated, partially suspended and well mixed. The reactors were inoculated with indigenous microbes of the Genus Pseudomonas. Nutrients were added to maintain the optimum ratio of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Temperature within the reactors was approximately 25-degrees-C. The slurry consisted of approximately 30% contaminated soil. Results of pilot studies showed that approximately 90% of the total PAHs were removed in the first two weeks. Total PAH concentration in the soil was reduced from approximately 10,973 mg/kg to 1,097 mg/kg. Two and three ring PAHs, such as naphthalene, fluorene, and phenanthrene were approximately 96% removed in the first two weeks and higher ring compounds such as chrysene, benzo-a-pyrene, and benzo(b) fluoranthene were approximately 83% removed in the first two weeks. RP LAUCH, RP (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 11 IS 4 BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1002/ep.670110413 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KB064 UT WOS:A1992KB06400006 ER PT J AU CARTER, RE THOMAS, MJ MAROTZ, GA LANE, DD HUDSON, JL AF CARTER, RE THOMAS, MJ MAROTZ, GA LANE, DD HUDSON, JL TI COMPOUND DETECTION AND CONCENTRATION ESTIMATION BY OPEN-PATH FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROMETRY AND CANISTERS UNDER CONTROLLED FIELD CONDITIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The University of Kansas-Lawrence and the U.S. EPA/Region VII conducted a study intended to assess the qualitative and quantitative capabilities of three FTIR systems. The instruments were arrayed along parallel, adjacent paths, which were 50 m downwind and perpendicular to the centerline of an artificially generated volatile organic compound (VOC) plume. Fifteen releases, consisting of mixtures of unknown compounds selected from a target list of 27, were made. Path-integrated VOC concentrations along the IR paths ranged from approximately 30 to 300 ppb. Identification of halogenated compounds was excellent, it was not as good, and differed from participant to participant, for unsubstituted compounds. Quantification of aliphatic halogenated compounds resulted in less than a 15% mean difference when compared with canister results. Statistical testing indicated that all three FTIR instruments produced concentrations that agreed fairly well with canister values, but also indicated some differences among the three instruments. C1 UNIV KANSAS,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. US EPA,KANSAS CITY,KS 66115. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 26 IS 11 BP 2175 EP 2181 DI 10.1021/es00035a015 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JV989 UT WOS:A1992JV98900021 ER PT J AU NELSON, GM CLAXTON, LD CREASON, JP GEORGE, SE AF NELSON, GM CLAXTON, LD CREASON, JP GEORGE, SE TI COMPETITION POTENTIALS OF ENVIRONMENTALLY APPLIED BACTERIA WITH HUMAN FECAL MICROBIOTA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ENVIRONMENTAL; HEALTH EFFECT; INTESTINAL COLONIZATION; PSEUDOMONAS; INVITRO ID BIPHENYL-DEGRADING PSEUDOMONADS; INTESTINAL-TRACT; SURVIVAL AB One of the potential human health effects associated with the environmental release of microorganisms is colonization of the intestinal tract. This study uses serial transfer techniques to monitor the in vitro survival and competition with human fecal microbiota of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains BC16 and AC869. Strain BC16 was isolated from a commercial product for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) degradation, and AC869 is a 3,5-dichlorobenzoate degrader. In addition, a mouse intestinal isolate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAMG, was studied as a positive control. Results were compared to previously published mouse fecal microbiota studies. Quantitative comparison of the fecal microbiota populations enumerated on selective media found human and mouse cultures to be nearly identical. Survival of the competitor strains was also similar in both the human and the mouse systems. By culture 5 of the human serial transfer experiments, strains AC869 and PAMG were present at significantly higher levels than strain BC16. In previous serial transfer experiments with mouse fecal flora, strain AC869 was present at a higher level than strains PAMG and BC16 by culture 5. No alterations of the microbiota populations due to the addition of a competitor strain were found. This system can be helpful in identifying environmental strains with a high potential for colonizing the intestinal tract. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP NELSON, GM (reprint author), ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,POB 12199,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. OI Claxton, Larry/0000-0001-7455-1583 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1627 EP 1633 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[1627:CPOEAB]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JT902 UT WOS:A1992JT90200012 ER PT J AU LAZARUS, LH SALVADORI, S GRIECO, P WILSON, WE TOMATIS, R AF LAZARUS, LH SALVADORI, S GRIECO, P WILSON, WE TOMATIS, R TI UNIQUE SEQUENCE IN DELTORPHIN-C CONFERS STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENT FOR DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR SELECTIVITY SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DELTORPHIN-C; PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS; OPIOID RECEPTORS ID HIGH-AFFINITY; CONFORMATIONAL PROPERTIES; AMPHIBIAN SKIN; BINDING-SITES; DERMORPHIN; ANALOGS; DERMENKEPHALIN; PEPTIDES; AGONIST; ADDRESS AB A series of deltorphin C (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Asp-Val-Val-Gly-NH2) analogues were synthesized to assess the consequences of changing anionic and hydrophobic residues on delta receptor selectivity. Analogues with altered C-terminal groups, inverted sequences, or esterified with tert-butyl, benzyl, or ethyl groups revealed that high delta selectivity required an unmodified amino acid sequence. Shifts of Asp and hydrophobic residues decreased delta selectivity due to loss in delta affinity (5- to almost-equal-to 700-fold); mu affinity was unchanged or increased 14-fold. Suppression of charge or deamidation diminished delta selectivity through reduced delta and modified mu affinities. Data provide evidence that a negative charge does not a priori guarantee high selectivity and specific alignment of anionic and hydrophobic residues might facilitate optimum spatial configuration which complements the 8 receptor binding site. C1 UNIV NAPLES,DEPT PHARMACEUT SCI,I-80138 NAPLES,ITALY. UNIV FERRARA,DEPT PHARMACEUT SCI,I-44100 FERRARA,ITALY. RP LAZARUS, LH (reprint author), NATL INST ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,LMIN,POB 12233,MD 1401,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0223-5234 J9 EUR J MED CHEM JI Eur. J. Med. Chem. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 27 IS 8 BP 791 EP 797 DI 10.1016/0223-5234(92)90113-F PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA KG026 UT WOS:A1992KG02600005 ER PT J AU PUSKIN, JS NELSON, NS NELSON, CB AF PUSKIN, JS NELSON, NS NELSON, CB TI BONE CANCER RISK ESTIMATES SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Note DE RADIUM; DOSE ASSESSMENT; CANCER; RISK ESTIMATES AB Due to confusion between endosteal (bone surface) dose and average skeletal dose, ICRP 60 has substantially overestimated the risk of radiogenic bone cancer. This confusion apparently stems from an incorrect reading of the BEIR IV report, which does not clearly draw this distinction. It should also be noted that what appear to be summary numerical risk estimates for bone sarcoma induction in BEIR IV and BEIR V refer only to average skeletal dose as calculated for Ra-224. C1 US EPA, 401 M ST SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 63 IS 5 BP 579 EP 580 DI 10.1097/00004032-199211000-00011 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA JU480 UT WOS:A1992JU48000018 PM 1290512 ER PT J AU GULLETT, BK JOZEWICZ, W STEFANSKI, LA AF GULLETT, BK JOZEWICZ, W STEFANSKI, LA TI REACTION-KINETICS OF CA-BASED SORBENTS WITH HCL SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SO2 AB The kinetics of the reaction between CaO and HCl were investigated under conditions that minimize bulk mass transfer and pore diffusion limitations. Reactivity data from 0.2- to 1-s exposure to 5000 ppm HCl in a fixed bed reactor were analyzed by a shrinking core model of diffusion and chemical reaction control, either singly or in combination. Between temperatures of 150 and 350-degrees-C, the reaction is controlled by gaseous diffusion through the developing product layer. The apparent activation energy is about 28.1 kJ/mol (6.7 kcal/mol), and the reaction is first order with respect to HCl concentration. Reactivity is a minor function of the measured particle size and surface area, likely due to the agglomerative nature of the individual grains that comprise the particle structure and complicate the interpretation of these measured values. Extrapolation of these results to the high-temperature, furnace sorbent injection process provides preliminary agreement with pilot-scale tests. C1 ACUREX ENVIRONM CORP,POB 13109,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP GULLETT, BK (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 22 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 31 IS 11 BP 2437 EP 2446 DI 10.1021/ie00011a005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA JX574 UT WOS:A1992JX57400005 ER PT J AU MILTNER, RJ SHUKAIRY, HM SUMMERS, RS AF MILTNER, RJ SHUKAIRY, HM SUMMERS, RS TI DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCT FORMATION AND CONTROL BY OZONATION AND BIOTREATMENT SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ASSIMILABLE ORGANIC-CARBON; DRINKING-WATER; BROMIDE; TRIHALOMETHANES; CHLORINATION; REMOVAL AB There is increasing interest in using ozone in water treatment because it is a strong disinfectant and is able to oxidize the precursors of some disinfection by-products (DBPs). However, ozonation itself produces DBPs, like aldehydes and ketones, and increases the concentration of bacterial nutrients by converting nonbiodegradable organic matter to more biodegradable compounds. In this study it was found that biotreatment of ozonated waters provided additional removal of precursors of total trihalomethanes, total haloacetic acids, chloropicrin, and total organic halides. Aldehydes are easily biodegradable. Piloting is recommended to determine site-specific ozone dosages and trade-offs in the formation of bromate and ozone DBPs and in the oxidation of chlorine DBP precursors. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. RP MILTNER, RJ (reprint author), US EPA,DIV DRINKING WATER RES,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 34 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 84 IS 11 BP 53 EP 62 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA JY032 UT WOS:A1992JY03200012 ER PT J AU HAUTMAN, DP BOLYARD, M AF HAUTMAN, DP BOLYARD, M TI USING ION CHROMATOGRAPHY TO ANALYZE INORGANIC DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE DIOXIDE AB Ion chromatography is used to analyze drinking water for inorganic disinfection by-products-the oxyhalides of chlorine and bromine-following disinfection. A previous study found chlorite ion (ClO2-) to be unstable in drinking water. This investigation focused on stabilizing and preserving ClO2- by studying several agents known to quench its reaction with species present in drinking water. Based on the initial stability study, ethylenediamine was an effective preservative and was further studied using finished water from various utilities. Also, the measurement of bromate following ozonation of a river water matrix containing 0.037 mg Br-/L is illustrated. C1 US EPA,DENVER,CO 80202. RP HAUTMAN, DP (reprint author), US EPA,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 84 IS 11 BP 88 EP 93 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA JY032 UT WOS:A1992JY03200016 ER PT J AU BARTH, RC FAIR, PS AF BARTH, RC FAIR, PS TI COMPARISON OF THE MICROEXTRACTION PROCEDURE AND METHOD 552 FOR THE ANALYSIS OF HAAS AND CHLOROPHENOLS SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB A comparison of the accuracy, precision, and detection limits of two methods for determining the concentrations of haloacetic acids and chlorophenols in drinking water is presented. Both methods consist of liquid-liquid extraction of the water sample with methyl-tertiary-butyl ether, diazomethane derivatization of the extracts, and analysis by gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection. Method 552, developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency, and a microextraction method, developed by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, gave comparable precision and method detection limits in fortified reagent water and the drinking-water samples examined in this study. The microextraction method provided greater accuracy in routine applications because of the use of procedural standards for GC calibration. Because the microextraction method is also less labor-intensive, it is preferred in most drinking-water applications. C1 US EPA,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 84 IS 11 BP 94 EP 98 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA JY032 UT WOS:A1992JY03200017 ER PT J AU NAKAI, M HESS, RA MOORE, BJ GUTTROFF, RF STRADER, LF LINDER, RE AF NAKAI, M HESS, RA MOORE, BJ GUTTROFF, RF STRADER, LF LINDER, RE TI ACUTE AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF A SINGLE DOSE OF THE FUNGICIDE CARBENDAZIM (METHYL 2-BENZIMIDAZOLE CARBAMATE) ON THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM IN THE RAT SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE FUNGICIDE; CARBENDAZIM; GERM CELL SLOUGHING; MICROTUBULE POISON; OCCLUSION OF DUCTULI EFFERENTES; TESTICULAR ATROPHY ID GERM-CELLS; BENOMYL; FLUID; EPIDIDYMECTOMY; MICROTUBULES; EPITHELIUM; VASECTOMY; PROTEINS; BINDING; TESTES AB The effects of carbendazim (methyl 2-benzimidazole carbamate) on the testis, efferent ductules, and sperm were determined in the adult rat after a single oral dose. Two experimental trials were performed: a time response between 2 hours and 32 days after exposure using 0 and 400 mg/kg, and a dose response at 2 and 70 days after exposure using 0 to 800 mg/kg doses. In experiment 1, effects were seen throughout the 32-day period, beginning 8 hours after exposure; the effects included first an increase in testis weight, then decreases in testicular spermatid numbers and in the percentage of morphologically normal cauda sperm. In experiment 2, significant testicular and efferent ductal alterations occurred in animals treated with doses of 100 mg/kg or greater. A dose-dependent increase in testicular weight 2 days after treatment was accompanied by increases in seminiferous tubular diameter and excessive loss of immature germ cells in a stage-dependent manner. There was also a dose-dependent increased incidence of occlusions in the efferent ductules. The occluded ductules were characterized by severe inflammation and exhibited disorganization of the epithelium. At 70 days, there were dose-dependent decreases in mean testis weight and mean seminiferous tubular diameter; however, only minimal long-term effects were seen at 50 mg/kg. In testes exhibiting seminiferous tubular atrophy of greater than 25% (100 mg/kg or greater doses), all of the testes were associated with efferent ductules containing occlusions. Caput sperm numbers were significantly reduced in these testes. Occlusions, abnormal ductules, fibrosis, spermatic granulomas, and mineralization were observed in the ductuli efferentes. Long-term effects of carbendazim on the testis were induced primarily by ductal occlusions. Results show that carbendazim produces more severe short- and long-term effects on the male reproductive system than the fungicide benomyl. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT VET BIOSCI,2001 S LINCOLN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801. MIYAZAKI UNIV,FAC AGR,DEPT VET ANAT,MIYAZAKI 880,JAPAN. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-05214] NR 37 TC 77 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 13 IS 6 BP 507 EP 518 PG 12 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA KB751 UT WOS:A1992KB75100006 PM 1293130 ER PT J AU ALLWINE, KJ LAMB, BK ESKRIDGE, R AF ALLWINE, KJ LAMB, BK ESKRIDGE, R TI WINTERTIME DISPERSION IN A MOUNTAINOUS BASIN AT ROANOKE, VIRGINIA - TRACER STUDY SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLUME DISPERSION; COMPLEX TERRAIN; DRAINAGE FLOWS; AMS WORKSHOP; ACCUMULATION; SWITZERLAND; POLLUTION; TRANSPORT; SCHEMES; FIELD AB During January 1989, five nighttime SF6 tracer experiments were conducted in Roanoke, Virginia. The experiments were designed to help identify and understand the dispersion characteristics of a basin atmosphere during winter stagnation conditions. The basin studied was the Roanoke basin located on the eastern slopes of the Appalachian Mountains. This paper documents this tracer study and gives results from the experiment conducted on the night of 16-17 January 1989. A cold-air pool formed in the basin beginning after the evening transition period and filled to near the elevation of the lowest mountain barrier. A simple model of the ascent rate of the top of this cold-air pool is proposed. A sharp potential temperature jump was present at the top of this fully developed cold-air pool. Vertical measurements of tracer showed the initial ground-level plume to become elevated and fide over the top of the cold-air pool. Horizontal plume spread was enhanced over that expected from turbulent diffusion alone, by shear in wind-direction vertical profiles. The tracer concentrations within the cold-air pool increased slowly with time, even after the release was terminated. After sunrise, the elevated plume appeared to fumigate to the ground. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1295 EP 1311 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<1295:WDIAMB>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JV728 UT WOS:A1992JV72800005 ER PT J AU WANG, PF AF WANG, PF TI REVIEW OF EQUATIONS OF CONSERVATION IN CURVILINEAR COORDINATES SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Momentum equations expressed in the boundary-fitted curvilinear coordinate systems have been used in the multidimensional modeling of estuaries and lakes. These equations are analyzed and reviewed with focus on the nonlinear advection terms. Imposing the conservation law of momentum on a differential volume in the curvilinear plane, one can derive the momentum equations with components specified in contravariant directions. Geometric information of the curvilinear grid is represented by the transformation coefficients associated with the transformed equations. These mathematical coefficients are defined here with new physical meanings and comparisons made among equations having different forms for the advection terms. Analyses of these comparisons indicate the non-conservativity of the advection terms in existing equations is caused, not by orthogonality but curvilinearity of the grid in which the velocities are expressed. We demonstrate that conservative forms of the advection terms cannot exist when momentum is expressed in contravariant directions in a curvilinear, orthogonal or nonorthogonal, grid system. RP WANG, PF (reprint author), US EPA,ASCI CORP,ENVIRONM ENGN PROJECT,COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD NOV PY 1992 VL 118 IS 11 BP 2265 EP 2281 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1992)118:11(2265) PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA JU032 UT WOS:A1992JU03200007 ER PT J AU JAMES, RR LIGHTHART, B AF JAMES, RR LIGHTHART, B TI THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, DIET, AND LARVAL INSTAR ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF AN APHID PREDATOR, HIPPODAMIA-CONVERGENS (COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE), TO THE WEAK BACTERIAL PATHOGEN PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIPPODAMIA-CONVERGENS; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; MICROBIAL PESTICIDES; TEMPERATURE STRESS; DIET STRESS; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; INSECT; AGE C1 US EPA,CORVALLIS ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP JAMES, RR (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 60 IS 3 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(92)90001-K PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JW087 UT WOS:A1992JW08700001 ER PT J AU JENSEN, KF LAPADULA, DM ANDERSON, JK HAYKALCOATES, N ABOUDONIA, MB AF JENSEN, KF LAPADULA, DM ANDERSON, JK HAYKALCOATES, N ABOUDONIA, MB TI ANOMALOUS PHOSPHORYLATED NEUROFILAMENT AGGREGATIONS IN CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL AXONS OF HENS TREATED WITH TRI-ORTHO-CRESYL PHOSPHATE (TOCP) SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NEUROTOXICITY; NEUROPATHY; OPIDN; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; CYTOSKELETON; AXONOPATHY; PROTEIN KINASE; AXON; SPINAL CORD; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ID INDUCED DELAYED NEUROTOXICITY; INVITRO PHOSPHORYLATION; ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS NEUROPATHY; CELL NEURONS; PROTEINS; BRAIN; DEGENERATION; STATIONARY; CALCIUM AB Previous biochemical studies demonstrated a dramatic increase in phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins that occurs early in organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). In this report we present immunohistochemical evidence that there is anomalous aggregation of phosphorylated neurofilaments within central and peripheral axons following organophosphate exposure. The morphology, location, and time of appearance of these aggregations are consistent with the hypothesis that the aberrant phosphorylation of cytoskeletal elements is an antecedent to the focal axonal swelling and degeneration characteristic of OPIDN. C1 DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PHARMACOL,DURHAM,NC 27710. US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ESO 5154] NR 26 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0360-4012 J9 J NEUROSCI RES JI J. Neurosci. Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 33 IS 3 BP 455 EP 460 DI 10.1002/jnr.490330311 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA JW086 UT WOS:A1992JW08600010 PM 1469747 ER PT J AU CARROLL, GJ THURNAU, RC LEE, JW WATERLAND, LR DELLINGER, B TAYLOR, PH AF CARROLL, GJ THURNAU, RC LEE, JW WATERLAND, LR DELLINGER, B TAYLOR, PH TI PILOT-SCALE EVALUATION OF AN INCINERABILITY RANKING SYSTEM FOR HAZARDOUS ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) hazardous waste incinerator performance standards specify a minimum destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) for principal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs) designated in the incinerator waste feed. In the past, selection of appropriate POHCs for incinerator trial burns has been based largely on their heats of combustion. Attempting to improve upon this approach, the University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI), under contract to the EPA Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, has developed a thermal stability-based ranking of compound "incinerability". The subject study was conducted to evaluate the laboratory-developed ranking system in a pilot-scale incinerator. Mixtures of POHCs, spanning the ranking scale from most- to least-difficult to destroy (Class 1 to Class 7, respectively), were prepared and combined with a clay-based sorbent matrix. These mixtures were then fed into the rotary kiln incineration system at the U.S. EPA Incineration Research Facility (IRF). In a series of five tests, the following conditions were evaluated: baseline/typical operation; thermal failure (quenching); mixing failure (overcharging); matrix failure (low feed H/Cl ratio); and a worst-case combination of the three failure modes. Under baseline conditions, mixing failure, and matrix failure, kiln-exit DREs for each compound were comparable from test to test. Operating conditions in these 3 modes appeared to be sufficient to effect considerable destruction (greater than 99.99 percent DRE) of all compounds. As a result, separation of the highest-ranked POHCs from the lowest-ranked POHCs according to observed DRE was not possible; a correlation between POHC ranking and DRE could not be confirmed. A correlation between predicted and observed incinerability was more evident for the thermal failure and worst-case conditions. Kiln-exit DREs for the four POHCs predicted to be most stable (those in Classes 1 and 2) ranged from 99% to 99.99% under these conditions, and were generally lower than DREs for the POHCs predicted to be more easily destroyed. Statistically-significant correlations above the 99 percent and 93 percent confidence intervals were identified for the thermal-failure and worst-case tests, respectively. C1 NCTR,IRF,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. ACUREX CORP,JEFFERSON,AK. UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DIV MAT ENGN,ENVIRONM SCI GRP,DAYTON,OH 45469. RP CARROLL, GJ (reprint author), US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1430 EP 1436 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JZ291 UT WOS:A1992JZ29100005 ER PT J AU KE, HQ LEVINE, SP BERKLEY, R AF KE, HQ LEVINE, SP BERKLEY, R TI ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX-MIXTURES OF VAPORS IN AMBIENT AIR BY FAST-GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COLD TRAP INLET; STATIONARY PHASES; SPEED; DIFFUSION AB The use of Fast-GC was investigated for the separation and analysis of mixtures of organic vapors in ambient air. Mixtures of up to 34 components were separated and total analysis times ranged from 8 to 100 seconds. Analyses were performed using both flame ionization and electron capture detectors. Up to 950 effective theoretical plates per second were produced when the flame ionization detector was used, and up to 300 per second when the electron capture detector was used. Theoretical predictions of optimal analysis conditions and of column performance matched experimental results. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,MD-44,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP KE, HQ (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM & IND HLTH,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. FU PHS HHS [R-01-0H02303] NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1446 EP 1452 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JZ291 UT WOS:A1992JZ29100007 PM 1482566 ER PT J AU BETOWSKI, LD PACE, CM ROBY, MR AF BETOWSKI, LD PACE, CM ROBY, MR TI EVIDENCE FOR THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MASS-SPECTRA OF CHLORINATED PHENOXYACID HERBICIDES OBTAINED BY PARTICLE BEAM LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID HAZARDOUS-WASTE; PERFORMANCE; THERMOSPRAY; ACIDS; WATER; PHASE; SOIL AB The spectral quality of a group of chlorinated phenoxyacid herbicides has been shown to degrade under certain conditions upon introduction into the mass spectrometer by a particle beam interface. Experiments were performed to investigate these changes in spectra. Normalized ion chromatograms were generated for the herbicides, and the results showed a broadening of the profiles of some ions, indicating a longer residence time in the ion source. These ions were postulated as coming from the ionization of thermal degradation products from the herbicides. The generation of these ions was dependent on ion source temperature, analyte concentration, and, by implication, ion source cleanliness. Tandem mass spectrometry experiments were performed on these ions from the herbicides and ions from the corresponding phenols. The tandem mass spectra of the ions from the herbicides were similar to the tandem mass spectra of the ions from the phenols. Therefore, it appears that the particle beam mass spectra of the chlorinated phenoxyacid herbicides are composite spectra with contributions from the gas phase ionization of the parent herbicides and thermal decomposition products. C1 LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO,LAS VEGAS,NV. RP BETOWSKI, LD (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 3 IS 8 BP 823 EP 830 DI 10.1016/1044-0305(92)80005-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA JZ898 UT WOS:A1992JZ89800005 PM 24234705 ER PT J AU HWANG, SH DESMARTEAU, DD BEYERLEIN, AL SMITH, ND JOYNER, P AF HWANG, SH DESMARTEAU, DD BEYERLEIN, AL SMITH, ND JOYNER, P TI THE HEAT-CAPACITY OF FLUORINATED PROPANE AND BUTANE DERIVATIVES BY DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE FLUORINATED PROPANE AND BUTANE; HEAT CAPACITY ID DSC; LIQUIDS; FUSION AB The constant pressure liquid-phase heat capacities of 21 hydrogen containing fluorinated propane and butane derivatives and one fluorinated ether (CF3OCF2H) with boiling points ranging from-34.6-degrees to 76.7-degrees-C have been measured to 3% accuracy by differential scanning calorimetry at 40-degrees-C. The measurements are needed to help identify alternative refrigerants and blowing agents that do not deplete the stratospheric ozone layer. The DSC method has two significant advantages for this purpose, which are: (i) only small samples (less than 100 mg) are required, and (ii) the instruments are available in many laboratories and can be used for the heat capacity measurement of liquids with subambient boiling points without modification or special accessories. C1 US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. ELECT POWER RES INST,PALO ALTO,CA 94303. RP HWANG, SH (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV,HL HUNTER CHEM LAB,CLEMSON,SC 29634, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0368-4466 J9 J THERM ANAL JI J. Therm. Anal. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 38 IS 11 BP 2515 EP 2528 DI 10.1007/BF01974629 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA KK849 UT WOS:A1992KK84900009 ER PT J AU PEGGINS, JO MCMAHON, TF WEINER, M LESKO, L AF PEGGINS, JO MCMAHON, TF WEINER, M LESKO, L TI THE EFFECTS OF AGE ON THE PHARMACOKINETICS AND BIOTRANSFORMATION OF THEOPHYLLINE INVIVO AND INVITRO IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES-UNGUICULATUS) SO MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE PHARMACOKINETICS; BIOTRANSFORMATION; THEOPHYLLINE; MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES-UNGUICULATUS) ID HEPATIC DRUG-METABOLISM; RAT-LIVER AB The effect of post maturational aging on the in vivo disposition of theophylline was examined in the Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) aged 30-39 (old), 12-18 (middle-aged) and 3 (young) months following a 21) mg/kg i.p. dose. Biotransformation of theophylline was also examined in liver microsomes from non-induced and 3-methylcholanthrene induced gerbils. Analysis of theophylline plasma kinetics showed decreased clearance, increased half-life and increased volume of distribution in old vs. young animals. Clearance to the 1,3-dimethyluric acid metabolite was similar for all age groups, while clearance to the 1-methyluric acid metabolite was significantly lower in the middle-aged group compared to that of young and old gerbils. Urinary recovery of 1-methylurate was increased in old vs. young and middle-aged animals while recovery of theophylline was decreased. 3-Methylcholanthrene induction resulted in decreased recovery Of theophylline and increased recovery of 1,3-dimethylurate and 1-methylurate in young and middle-aged gerbils compared to non-induced controls. Decreased microsomal protein content was observed in old vs. young and middle-aged gerbils and an age-related decrease in cytochrome P-450 content (nmol P-450/g liver) was also observed. The rate of dimethylurate formation was decreased 37% in microsomes from old vs. young and middle-aged gerbils. 3-Methylcholanthrene administration resulted in a 2- and 1.5-fold increase in the rate of 1,3-diniethylurate formation in young and middle-aged gerbils, respectively. The results of these experiments indicate that the Mongolian gerbil may be useful for the study of the biochemical mechanisms underlying age-related changes in the biotransformation and kinetics of theophylline. C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,CRYSTAL CITY,VA. PHARMAKINET INC,BALTIMORE,MD. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH PHARM,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP PEGGINS, JO (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV EXPTL THERAPEUT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0047-6374 J9 MECH AGEING DEV JI Mech. Ageing. Dev. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 66 IS 2 BP 173 EP 186 DI 10.1016/0047-6374(92)90134-Y PG 14 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA KC272 UT WOS:A1992KC27200006 PM 1365843 ER PT J AU GILL, BS SANDHU, SS AF GILL, BS SANDHU, SS TI APPLICATION OF THE TRADESCANTIA MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY FOR THE GENETIC EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL-MIXTURES IN SOIL AND AQUEOUS-MEDIA SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE TRADESCANTIA MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY; ARSENIC TRIOXIDE; DIELDRIN; LEAD TETRAACETATE AB Genotoxic evaluations of arsenic trioxide, dieldrin, lead tetraacetate and their nine binary and one tertiarY mixtures were performed using the Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MN) assay. The chemicals or their mixtures were either (1) mixed into soil, and chemical exposure to the target cells was through the roots of intact plants grown in the soil or (2) through plant cuttings in which the inflorescences received treatment by absorption through stem of an aqueous solution of the test chemicals. All three chemicals yielded clastogenic responses when tested in soil medium and only two of these i.e. arsenic trioxide and dieldrin were positive when plant cuttings were exposed to the test chemicals in the aqueous medium. The clastogenicity of the chemical mixtures was modified by the ratio of the individual chemical in a particular mixture and also by the medium in which these mixtures were tested. C1 US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP GILL, BS (reprint author), ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,POB 12199,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 270 IS 1 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1016/0027-5107(92)90102-8 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA JR485 UT WOS:A1992JR48500008 PM 1383724 ER PT J AU MA, TH SANDHU, SS PENG, Y CHEN, TD KIM, TW AF MA, TH SANDHU, SS PENG, Y CHEN, TD KIM, TW TI SYNERGISTIC AND ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS ON GENOTOXICITY OF CHEMICALS COMMONLY FOUND IN HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITES SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SYNERGISM; ANTAGONISM; GENOTOXICITY; TRADESCANTIA; MICRONUCLEUS ID CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; LYMPHOCYTES; TRIVALENT; WORKERS AB Synergistic and antagonistic effects on genotoxicity of mixtures of four chemicals; i.e., lead tetraacetate (LTA), arsenic trioxide (ATO), dieldrin (DED), and tetrachloroethylene (TCE), were evaluated by the Tradescantia-micronucleus (Trad-MCN) assay. The chemicals were mixed in ratios of 1 : 1, 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 for mixtures of two chemicals and 1 : 1 : 1 each for three chemicals. The concentration of stock solution of these chemicals was around the minimum effective dose (MED) or below the MED for these chemicals as reported by Sandhu et al. (1989). Treatments were applied to plant cuttings by hydroponic uptake of the mixed solutions through the stems of the plant for 30 h followed by fixation of the flower buds in aceto-alcohol (1 : 3 ratio) without a recovery period. Microslides were prepared for scoring MCN frequencies. Results of two series of repeated experiments indicated that all mixtures of LTA/ATO exhibited antagonistic effects. On the other hand, all mixtures of TCE and DED exhibited synergistic effect. These data indicate that for evaluating biological hazards at chemical waste sites, it is prudent to evaluate the genotoxicity of complex chemical mixtures as these exist in nature because the biological effects based on evaluating individual chemicals may not be true predictors of the interactive effects of the pollutants. C1 US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECT RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP MA, TH (reprint author), WESTERN ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,MACOMB,IL 61455, USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 270 IS 1 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1016/0027-5107(92)90103-9 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA JR485 UT WOS:A1992JR48500009 PM 1383725 ER PT J AU DHESI, JS SANDHU, SS AF DHESI, JS SANDHU, SS TI APPLICATION OF A WHEAT SEEDLING ASSAY FOR DETECTING ANEUPLOIDY INDUCED BY N-ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA AND 4-NITROQUINOLINE-1-OXIDE SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE WHEAT SEEDLING ASSAY; N-ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; 4-NITROQUINOLINE-1-OXIDE; ANEUPLOIDY INDUCTION ID CHINESE-HAMSTER CELLS; MOUSE; MICRONUCLEI; LOCUS; ETHYLNITROSOUREA; IDENTIFICATION; NONDISJUNCTION; CHROMOSOMES; ACTIVATION; INDUCTION AB N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) were evaluated in the allohexapolyploid wheat seedling assay developed by Redei and Sandhu (1988), for its ability to induce aneuploidy and/or small chromosome deletions. The wheat strain used (Neatby's virescent) is homozygous for a pair of recessive alleles (v1) present on chromosome 3B and produces virescent seedlings grown at temperatures below 26-degrees-C. When the developing embryos are treated with a test chemical, loss of chromosome 3B or its segment bearing the v1 allele in a progenitor cell produces a green sector in the leaf, whereas a gain of this chromosome induces a white sector. ENU and 4NQO induced dose-dependent increases in the frequency of leaf sectors at concentrations ranging from 0.128 to 1.280 mM and 0.052 to 0.263 mM, respectively. The assay is very simple and can be employed for evaluating the genetic potential of chemicals in a laboratory as well as for in situ hazards assessment under natural environmental conditions. C1 N CAROLINA CENT UNIV,DEPT BIOL,DURHAM,NC 27707. US EPA,DIV GENET TOXICOL,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-68,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 270 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1016/0027-5107(92)90104-A PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA JR485 UT WOS:A1992JR48500010 PM 1383726 ER PT J AU KALLAPUR, VL MAYES, ME EDENS, FW HELD, GA DAUTERMAN, WC KAWANISHI, CY ROE, RM AF KALLAPUR, VL MAYES, ME EDENS, FW HELD, GA DAUTERMAN, WC KAWANISHI, CY ROE, RM TI TOXICITY OF THE CRYSTALLINE POLYPEPTIDES OF BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS SUBSP ISRAELENSIS IN JAPANESE-QUAIL SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INSECT C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BOX 7613,RALEIGH,NC 27695. US EPA,HERL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT TOXICOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP ROE, RM (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BOX 7613,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 44 IS 3 BP 208 EP 216 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(92)90091-D PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA KC765 UT WOS:A1992KC76500005 ER PT J AU SIFNEOS, JC KENTULA, ME PRICE, P AF SIFNEOS, JC KENTULA, ME PRICE, P TI IMPACTS OF SECTION 404 PERMITS REQUIRING COMPENSATORY MITIGATION OF FRESH-WATER WETLANDS IN TEXAS AND ARKANSAS SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Information was compiled on permits issued in Texas and Arkansas from 1982 through 1986 under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act that required compensatory mitigation for alteration of freshwater wetlands. The location, area, wetland type, and other data describing the impacted and compensatory (created and restored) wetlands were compiled and analyzed. Trends in issuing of permits in Texas, the state with the most activity, were emphasized, but a synopsis of the results from Arkansas was included. Forty-six permits were issued in Texas documenting impacts on 71 wetlands and the compensation of 72. About half of the impacted and compensatory wetlands were less than, or equal to, five acres in size. Information contained in the permit record was analyzed. No judgement was made as to whether there was compliance with the terms of the permit or whether the compensated wetland replaced the ecological functions of the wetland destroyed. Neither can be evaluated from the permit record. Most permit activity occurred in eastern Texas and about half took place in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area. Approximately two-thirds of the wetlands impacted and compensated, and more than 90 percent of the wetland area was palustrine. Losses of wetland functions associated with wildlife and fisheries habitat most commonly were documented. In most cases, compensatory wetlands were required to be functional replacements of the impacted wetlands. At least one site visit was recorded in the permit record for 52 percent of the mitigation projects. Accurate reporting of the effect of Section 404 permits on the wetland area was difficult for a number of reasons. For example, no area information was listed in the permit record for 14 percent of the impacted wetlands and seven percent of the compensated wetlands. Also, estimates of the wetland area given by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers differed for 11 percent of the impacted wetlands. RP SIFNEOS, JC (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH STR,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, LUBBOCK, TX 79401 SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 44 IS 4 BP 475 EP 485 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA JZ718 UT WOS:A1992JZ71800011 ER PT J AU PADILLA, S LYERLY, DL POPE, CN AF PADILLA, S LYERLY, DL POPE, CN TI SUBACUTE ETHANOL-CONSUMPTION REVERSES PARAXYLENE-INDUCED DECREASES IN AXONAL-TRANSPORT SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PARAXYLENE; ETHANOL; OPTIC SYSTEM; AXONAL TRANSPORT; PROTEINS; GLYCOPROTEINS; RAT ID RAT; METABOLISM; INHALATION; INGESTION; EXPOSURE; ALCOHOL; NERVE; RNA AB Human exposure to organic solvents is often complicated by ethanol ingestion and the literature is replete with demonstrations of metabolic interactions between ethanol and organic solvents at a pharmacokinetic level. Because of the possible modulation of xylene toxicity by ethanol consumption, the present group of studies characterizes the effect of ethanol on the p-xylene-induced decrease in axonal transport in the rat optic system previously reported by our laboratory. Long-Evans, hooded, male rats were divided randomly into two groups: those receiving 10% ethanol in their drinking water and those receiving water only. These two groups were further subdivided into two groups which were either exposed by inhalation to 1600 ppm p-xylene for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 8 exposure-days or were treated identically except that they were exposed to air while in the inhalation chambers. The ethanol-drinking rats were given ethanol 6 days prior to and on the days of the inhalation exposure. Immediately after removal from the inhalation chambers on the last exposure day, the animals were injected intraocularly with [S-35]methionine and [H-3]fucose to measure the synthesis and rapid axonal transport of proteins and glycoproteins, respectively, in the retinal ganglion cells. The animals were sacrificed 20 h later, and the amount of radioactivity in different areas of the retinal ganglion cells was determined by liquid scintillation counting. As in previous experiments, the xylene exposure group showed a significant reduction in axonal transport of proteins and glycoproteins, whereas the ethanol exposure alone produced no significant reductions in the transport of either proteins or glycoproteins. In the animals receiving both ethanol and xylene, however, the ethanol treatment prevented the decreased transport characteristic of the xylene only animals, i.e. in all areas of the optic projections the level of transport were similar to the level present in the control groups. These data suggest that the xylene-induced reduction in rapid axonal transport was reversed (or prevented) by subacute ethanol consumption. C1 BURROUGHS WELLCOME CO,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. NE LOUISIANA UNIV,SCH PHARM,TOXICOL PROGRAM,MONROE,LA 71209. RP PADILLA, S (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD-74B,CELLULAR & MOLEC TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 75 IS 2 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(92)90154-7 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA KB684 UT WOS:A1992KB68400006 PM 1281343 ER PT J AU PADILLA, S MOSER, VC POPE, CN BRIMIJOIN, WS AF PADILLA, S MOSER, VC POPE, CN BRIMIJOIN, WS TI PARAOXON TOXICITY IS NOT POTENTIATED BY PRIOR REDUCTION IN BLOOD ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY; RAT-BRAIN; CHOLINESTERASE; NEUROTOXICITY; PROPHYLAXIS; ENZYME; ASSAY C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NE LOUISIANA UNIV,SCH PHARM,TOXICOL PROGRAM,MONROE,LA 71209. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,DEPT PHARMACOL,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. RP PADILLA, S (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL MD-74B,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 117 IS 1 BP 110 EP 115 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(92)90224-G PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA JX895 UT WOS:A1992JX89500015 PM 1440604 ER PT J AU MUMTAZ, MM DURKIN, PR AF MUMTAZ, MM DURKIN, PR TI A WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE APPROACH FOR ASSESSING INTERACTIONS IN CHEMICAL-MIXTURES SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE RISK ASSESSMENT; WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE; INTERACTIONS; BINARY MIXTURES AB The risk assessment process must encompass all available toxicological data and scientific evidence on the plausible toxicities of a chemical or chemical mixture. As an extension to the approaches used to conduct risk assessments on chemical mixtures, a preliminary scheme, analogous to the IARC classification of carcinogens, is proposed to express the weight of evidence for the interactions in binary mixtures. This scheme is based on composite representation of all the toxicological evidence from animal bioassays and human data, pharmacokinetics studies, metabolism studies, and structure activity relationships. In addition, factors such as the relevance of route, duration and sequence of exposure, toxicological significance of interactions and the quality of in vivo and in vitro data are taken into consideration. The scheme yields an alphanumeric classification that can be used for qualitative risk assessment, and has the potential, as demonstrated in this paper, for quantitative application to site-specific risk assessments. Furthermore, the scheme can be used to estimate interactions or form hypotheses concerning binary interactions. It is flexible and allows all pertinent information to be incorporated in a methodical and consistent manner. Research is needed to identify interaction patterns for simultaneous and sequential exposure scenarios of chemical pollutants in order that this scheme may be developed further and its usefulness and limitations may be tested. C1 US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. NR 14 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 16 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 8 IS 6 BP 377 EP 406 PG 30 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA KR888 UT WOS:A1992KR88800004 PM 7570620 ER PT J AU HOUSE, DE BERMAN, E SEELY, JC SIMMONS, JE AF HOUSE, DE BERMAN, E SEELY, JC SIMMONS, JE TI COMPARISON OF OPEN AND BLIND HISTOPATHOLOGIC EVALUATION OF HEPATIC-LESIONS SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MICROSCOPIC; EVALUATION; HISTOLOGIC; OPEN EVALUATION; BLIND EVALUATION; SIMPLE BIAS; EXPERIMENTAL BIAS AB This paper explores the controversy among scientists on whether microscopic evaluation of tissue slides should be done in an open or blind fashion. Definitions are given and discussed that provide a better focus to the problem. An experiment was conducted in which hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis in rats were assessed both openly and blindly. The results indicate that 'simple bias' is present when the slides are read openly. Valid comparisons among treatment groups are possible in the presence of simple bias, provided appropriate control groups have been incorporated into the experimental design. C1 MANTECH INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. PATHCO INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP HOUSE, DE (reprint author), US EPA,MUNICIPAL ENVIRONM RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 63 IS 2 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(92)90003-3 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KB677 UT WOS:A1992KB67700003 PM 1455444 ER PT J AU PEARSON, JG PINKHAM, CFA AF PEARSON, JG PINKHAM, CFA TI STRATEGY FOR DATA-ANALYSIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEYS EMPHASIZING THE INDEX OF BIOTIC SIMILARITY AND BIOSIM1 SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ANALYSIS; BIOTIC; COMMUNITIES; INDEX; SURVEYS ID DIVERSITY AB The index of biotic similarity (B) was intended to help pollution biologists reach a better understanding of their data. However, problems that surfaced after its publication in 1976 indicated that improvements would be helpful. This paper presents these improvements. The approach has been threefold: first, we introduce a computer program, BIOSIM1, that automates many of the procedures that would otherwise have to be done laboriously by hand; second, we discuss a thorough and ecologically sound strategy for analyzing data using BIOSIM1; and third, we present ways to use the various options inherent in the first two steps and discuss the ecological conditions under which each option is appropriate. C1 USA,DIV ENVIRONM & LIFE SCI,DUGWAY PROVING GROUND,UT. RP PEARSON, JG (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,POB 93478,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193, USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 64 IS 7 BP 901 EP 909 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KB949 UT WOS:A1992KB94900008 ER PT J AU YEH, GT CHANG, JR SHORT, TE AF YEH, GT CHANG, JR SHORT, TE TI AN EXACT PEAK CAPTURING AND OSCILLATION-FREE SCHEME TO SOLVE ADVECTION-DISPERSION TRANSPORT-EQUATIONS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT; CONVECTION AB An exact peak capturing and essentially oscillation-free (EPCOF) algorithm, consisting of advection-dispersion decoupling, backward method of characteristics, forward node tracking, and adaptive local grid refinement, is developed to solve transport equations. This algorithm represents a refinement of LEZOOM, developed earlier by the senior author. In LEZOOM, a predetermined number of evenly spaced, hidden nodes was zoomed for a sharp front element. while in the EPCOF scheme, a subset of forwardly tracked nodes is zoomed. The number and location of this subset were automated. As a result, the peaks and valleys are captured exactly; and the ancillary problems of spurious oscillation. numerical dispersion, and phase errors are alleviated. Means of checking accumulated mass balance errors are provided. Application of the algorithm to two one-dimensional benchmark problems under a variety of conditions indicated that it completely eliminated peak clipping, spurious oscillation, phase error, and numerical dispersion. It yielded identical results, within the error tolerance, to exact solutions for all 19 test cases. Accumulated mass balance errors are extremely small for all 19 cases. The EPCOF scheme could solve the advective transport problems exactly, within any prescribed error tolerance, using mesh Peclet numbers ranging from 0 to infinity and very large mesh Courant numbers. The size of mesh Courant number is limited only by the accuracy requirement of the dispersion solver. Extension of this approach to multidimensional problems does not pose any conceptual difficulty and should alleviate the grid orientation trouble associated with such problems. C1 US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. RP YEH, GT (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 22 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 28 IS 11 BP 2937 EP 2951 DI 10.1029/92WR01751 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JW482 UT WOS:A1992JW48200006 ER PT J AU MARKS, D DOZIER, J DAVIS, RE AF MARKS, D DOZIER, J DAVIS, RE TI CLIMATE AND ENERGY EXCHANGE AT THE SNOW SURFACE IN THE ALPINE REGION OF THE SIERRA-NEVADA .1. METROLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS AND MONITORING SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ACCURACY AB A detailed evaluation of climate conditions in a small alpine watershed, typical of much of the southern Sierra Nevada, is presented for the 1986 water year. Measurements of snowfall, meteorological and snow cover conditions, and snow cover ablation are used to characterize the climate at four locations in the watershed during that snow season. Data from these locations are then combined into two representative sites for the watershed. Measurement approaches and methodologies and the effectiveness of instrumentation used in the study are discussed, and an estimate of the uncertainty of the monitored meteorological parameters is made. The data are integrated into a continuous hourly time series of solar and thermal radiation, air, snow and soil temperature, humidity, and wind at the two representative sites in this remote alpine watershed for an entire snow season. Snow deposition and snow cover depth and density are measured manually at regular intervals throughout the snow season. While problems were encountered monitoring air and snow surface temperature, humidity, and wind, because of the extreme conditions which are likely to occur in an alpine environment, radiation is easily monitored, and the estimated uncertainty of all measured parameters was acceptably low. This effort was required,to develop a high quality time series of integrated climate data to evaluate the components of the energy balance of the snow cover during both deposition and ablation conditions. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,CTR REMOTE SENSING & ENVIRONM OPT,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,HANOVER,NH 03755. RP MARKS, D (reprint author), US EPA,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. RI Dozier, Jeff/B-7364-2009 OI Dozier, Jeff/0000-0001-8542-431X NR 43 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 28 IS 11 BP 3029 EP 3042 DI 10.1029/92WR01482 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JW482 UT WOS:A1992JW48200016 ER PT J AU MARKS, D DOZIER, J AF MARKS, D DOZIER, J TI CLIMATE AND ENERGY EXCHANGE AT THE SNOW SURFACE IN THE ALPINE REGION OF THE SIERRA-NEVADA .2. SNOW COVER ENERGY-BALANCE SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RADIATION MODEL; BASINS AB A detailed evaluation of surface climate and energy exchange at the snow surface in a small alpine watershed, typical of much of the southern Sierra Nevada, is presented for the 1986 water year. Measurements of snowfall, meteorological and snow cover conditions, and snow cover ablation, described in part 1 of this paper (Marks et al., this issue), are used to characterize the climate. Each form of energy transfer, radiation, sensible and latent heat flux, soil heat flux, and heat flux by mass advection, is evaluated separately to determine how its magnitude changes during the snow season. These are then combined to approximate a snow cover energy balance and determine the relative importance of each form of energy transfer in the seasonal energy and mass balance of the snow cover. Radiation and sensible and latent heat flux dominate the snow cover energy balance throughout the snow season. During snowmelt, radiation accounts for between 66 and 90% of the energy available for melt. Sensible and latent heat transfer during this time are of approximately equal magnitude but are usually of opposite sign and therefore cancel. Calculated sublimation during the entire snow season accounted for the loss of about 20% (approximately 50 cm snow water equivalent) of the mass of the snow cover. This experiment shows that energy and mass transfer can be adequately monitored at a remote site using a combination of measured and modeled parameters and that the energy balance of the snow cover in the alpine zone of the Sierra Nevada is dominated by net radiation during snowmelt. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,CTR REMOTE SENSING & ENVIRONM OPT,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. RP MARKS, D (reprint author), US EPA,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. RI Dozier, Jeff/B-7364-2009 OI Dozier, Jeff/0000-0001-8542-431X NR 30 TC 172 Z9 181 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 28 IS 11 BP 3043 EP 3054 DI 10.1029/92WR01483 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JW482 UT WOS:A1992JW48200017 ER PT J AU WESTER, BL AF WESTER, BL TI CHIPPEWA TREATY RIGHTS - THE RESERVED RIGHTS OF WISCONSINS CHIPPEWA INDIANS IN HISTORICAL-PERSPECTIVE - SATZ,RN, APFELBECK,L, STRICKLAND,R SO WESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review RP WESTER, BL (reprint author), US EPA,CHICAGO,IL, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN HISTORY ASSOCIATION PI LOGAN PA UTAH STATE UNIV, UMC 0740, LOGAN, UT 84322 SN 0043-3810 J9 WESTERN HIST QUART JI West. Hist. Q. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 23 IS 4 BP 516 EP 517 DI 10.2307/970322 PG 2 WC History SC History GA JZ992 UT WOS:A1992JZ99200022 ER PT J AU WALLER, CL MCKINNEY, JD AF WALLER, CL MCKINNEY, JD TI COMPARATIVE MOLECULAR-FIELD ANALYSIS OF POLYHALOGENATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS, DIBENZOFURANS, AND BIPHENYLS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BINDING; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; MODEL; REGRESSION; MECHANISM; INDUCTION; TOXICITY; RECEPTOR AB Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was performed on polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls for Ah (dioxin) receptor binding and associated enzyme inducing activities determined by others using in vitro assays. Since various members of all three classes of compounds have been shown to produce qualitatively similar toxicities, a separate CoMFA was performed on each class of compounds and combinations of the different classes for each bioactivity which included combining all three classes of molecules in one CoMFA study. For the Ah receptor binding, the CoMFA-derived QSARs for all three classes of compounds and combinations thereof showed strong crossvalidated correlations indicating that they are highly predictive. For enzyme induction, the CoMFA-derived QSARs were highly predictive for the dibenzofurans but were only partially successful for the dioxins. For the biphenyls, the results were clearly unpredictive. The overall results of these CoMFA studies which include both steric and electrostatic considerations are compared and contrasted to other SAR models that have met with some success in making qualitative predictions about the potential for receptor binding and associated toxicity in these classes of compounds. The CoMFA-derived QSAR for the dioxin series of molecules in most cases significantly overestimates the enzyme inducing ability of the ortho-substituted biphenyls. This weak inducing activity of the o-biphenyls is, however, consistent with their relatively low dioxin-like toxicity as measured in other biological systems. Fundamentally different mechanisms may be operating in the expression of dioxin-like toxic responses for the o-biphenyls, and their direct, dioxin-like toxic equivalency perhaps needs to be reconsidered in this light. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,SERV ENVIRONM TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PHARM,DIV MED CHEM & NAT PROD,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NR 20 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD OCT 2 PY 1992 VL 35 IS 20 BP 3660 EP 3666 DI 10.1021/jm00098a010 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JR324 UT WOS:A1992JR32400010 PM 1331446 ER PT J AU HUTCHINS, SR AF HUTCHINS, SR TI INHIBITION OF ALKYLBENZENE BIODEGRADATION UNDER DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS BY USING THE ACETYLENE BLOCK TECHNIQUE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; AQUIFER MICROORGANISMS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; TOLUENE; DENITRIFICATION; BIORESTORATION; BACTERIUM; SEDIMENT; CULTURES AB Addition of acetylene to microcosms simultaneously amended with nitrate and alkylbenzenes resulted in inhibition of the rate of alkylbenzene biodegradation under denitrifying conditions. Toluene, xylenes, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were recalcitrant, whereas ethylbenzene was degraded at a slower rate than usual. Benzene was not degraded in either case. Addition of acetylene to microcosms preexposed to nitrate and alkylbenzenes produced similar inhibition. These data indicate that the activities of microorganisms that degrade alkylbenzenes under denitrifying conditions may be suppressed if the standard acetylene block technique is used to verify denitrifying activity. RP HUTCHINS, SR (reprint author), US EPA, ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB, ADA, OK 74820 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 58 IS 10 BP 3395 EP 3398 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JQ654 UT WOS:A1992JQ65400028 PM 1444371 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, AM HOGAN, KB HOFFMAN, JS AF THOMPSON, AM HOGAN, KB HOFFMAN, JS TI METHANE REDUCTIONS - IMPLICATIONS FOR GLOBAL WARMING AND ATMOSPHERIC CHEMICAL-CHANGE SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Note DE METHANE; GLOBAL WARMING; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE ID TROPOSPHERE; INCREASE; TRENDS; OZONE; CH4 AB Atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations have more than doubled over the last two centuries. These increases may contribute to global warming, enhance formation of tropospheric ozone, suppress OH and affect stratospheric ozone. Calculations show that stabilization of CH4 could reduce projected temperature increases and possibly mitigate background tropospheric O3 increases due to increasing levels of CH4. C1 US EPA,OFF AIR & RADIAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP THOMPSON, AM (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ATMOSPHERES LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014 OI Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920 NR 26 TC 27 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD OCT PY 1992 VL 26 IS 14 BP 2665 EP 2668 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90118-5 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JN299 UT WOS:A1992JN29900019 ER PT J AU COUTANT, RW CALLAHAN, PJ CHUANG, JC LEWIS, RG AF COUTANT, RW CALLAHAN, PJ CHUANG, JC LEWIS, RG TI EFFICIENCY OF SILICONE-GREASE-COATED DENUDERS FOR COLLECTION OF POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAH); SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; PHASE DISTRIBUTION; ANNUAL DENUDER AB The overall efficiency of silicone-grease-coated denuders was determined for the collection of selected 3- and 4-ring polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). PAH studied were fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, acenaphthene and pyrene. Fluorene was subsequently eliminated from consideration because of analytical problems caused by the reactivity of this compound. Results are interpreted in terms of the collisional reaction efficiencies (gamma) for these compounds. An analysis of the effects of uncertainties in diffusion coefficients and gamma values for these compounds on overall phase distributions derived from experimental data suggests that the consequences of these uncertainties are less significant than normal variations due to sampling and analysis effects. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP COUTANT, RW (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS,OH 43201, USA. NR 4 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD OCT PY 1992 VL 26 IS 15 BP 2831 EP 2834 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90020-L PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JT894 UT WOS:A1992JT89400018 ER PT J AU ANKLEY, GT COOK, PM CARLSON, AR CALL, DJ SWENSON, JA CORCORAN, HF HOKE, RA AF ANKLEY, GT COOK, PM CARLSON, AR CALL, DJ SWENSON, JA CORCORAN, HF HOKE, RA TI BIOACCUMULATION OF PCBS FROM SEDIMENTS BY OLIGOCHAETES AND FISHES - COMPARISON OF LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; TUBIFEX-TUBIFEX; TOXICITY; BIOAVAILABILITY; ACCUMULATION; FUGACITY; CADMIUM; WISCONSIN AB Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus) were exposed in the laboratory to sediment samples from the lower Fox River/Green Bay, and their bioaccumulation of PCBs was compared with PCB concentrations in synoptic collections of fish (black bullhead, Ameiurus melas) and oligochaetes (primarily Limnodrilus sp.) from the field. Total PCBs and PCB homologues (expressed as lipid-normalized tissue concentrations/organic carbon-normalized sediment concentrations) were qualitatively and quantitatively similar in the laboratory-exposed and field-collected oligochaetes. PCB concentrations in A. melas generally were greater than in any of the other test species, due possibly to differences in exposure (e.g. biomagnification) compared with the other organisms. PCB concentrations in P. promelas were consistently smaller than in any of the other species investigated. These results indicate that, under the exposure regime used in this study, laboratory tests with L. variegatus can provide a reasonable quantitative estimate of the bioaccumulation of PCBs in field populations of oligochaetes. However, the use of P. promelas in laboratory sediment tests may result in significant underprediction of the exposure of indigenous benthic invertebrates and fishes to bioaccumulable contaminants. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN SUPER,LAKE SUPER RES INST,SUPERIOR,WI 54880. ASCL CORP,DULUTH,MN 55804. RP ANKLEY, GT (reprint author), US EPA,6201 CONGDON BLVD,DULUTH,MN 55804, USA. RI Hoke, Robert/F-4943-2010 NR 41 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 49 IS 10 BP 2080 EP 2085 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JY881 UT WOS:A1992JY88100013 ER PT J AU ROSS, JA NELSON, GB HOLDEN, KL KLIGERMAN, AD EREXSON, GL BRYANT, MF EARLEY, K BEACH, AC GUPTA, RC NESNOW, S AF ROSS, JA NELSON, GB HOLDEN, KL KLIGERMAN, AD EREXSON, GL BRYANT, MF EARLEY, K BEACH, AC GUPTA, RC NESNOW, S TI DNA ADDUCTS AND INDUCTION OF SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES IN THE RAT FOLLOWING BENZO[B]FLUORANTHENE ADMINISTRATION SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID MOUSE EPIDERMIS; METABOLITES; LIVER; TUMORIGENICITY; HYDROCARBONS; SENSITIVITY; BINDING; INVIVO; LUNG AB Benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F) was administered (100 mg/kg by i.p. injection) to male Sprague-Dawley rats. Lungs, livers and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were harvested 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days after treatment. Several DNA adducts were observed in each tissue, with maximal levels occurring at approximately 7 days after treatment. Lung DNA exhibited consistently higher adduct levels than liver or PBL DNA. At 56 days after B[b]F administration, the adducts in liver and PBL DNA were present at < 10 amol/mug DNA, while in lung there were 100 amoles/mug DNA. No significant differences were observed between tissues in the types of adducts produced. Co-chromatography with synthetic standards showed that only a minor adduct produced in vivo is derived from trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxybenzo[b]fluoranthene-11,12-oxide. Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) from whole blood cultures were significantly increased relative to concurrent controls between 1 and 14 days after B[b]F administration, with maximum levels at 14 days. By 28 days after treatment, SCEs had essentially returned to control levels. SCE induction did not correlate with the amount of B[b]F-DNA adducts remaining in the PBLs at harvest time. C1 US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS LAB,MUTAGENESIS & CELLULAR TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT PREVENT MED & ENVIRONM HLTH,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. UNIV KENTUCKY,GRAD CTR TOXICOL,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. RP ROSS, JA (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS LAB,CARCINOGENESIS & METAB BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Ross, Jeffrey/E-4782-2010 OI Ross, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7002-4548 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD OCT PY 1992 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1731 EP 1734 DI 10.1093/carcin/13.10.1731 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA JU195 UT WOS:A1992JU19500007 PM 1423831 ER PT J AU CARR, DB OLSEN, AR WHITE, D AF CARR, DB OLSEN, AR WHITE, D TI HEXAGON MOSAIC MAPS FOR DISPLAY OF UNIVARIATE AND BIVARIATE GEOGRAPHICAL DATA SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE HEXAGON MOSAIC MAPS; RAY-GLYPH MAPS; COMPARISON PLOTS; BIVARIATE MAPS; BRUSHING ID SCATTERPLOT MATRIX; DYNAMIC GRAPHICS; 2-VARIABLE MAPS; COLOR; PERCEPTION AB This paper presents concepts that motivate the use of hexagon mosaic maps and hexagon-based ray-glyph maps. The phrase "hexagon mosaic map" refers to maps that use hexagons to tessellate major areas of a map, such as land masses. Hexagon mosaic maps are similar to color-contour (isarithm) maps and show broad regional patterns. The ray glyph, an oriented line segment with a dot at the base, provides a convenient symbol for representing information within a hexagon cell. Ray angle encodes the local estimate for the hexagon. A simple extension adds upper- and lower-confidence bounds as a shaded arc bounded by two rays. Another extension, the bivariate ray glyph, provides a continuous representation for showing the local correlation of two variables. The theme of integrating statistical analysis and cartographic methods appears throughout this paper. Example maps show statistical summaries of acidic deposition data for the eastern United States. These maps provide useful templates for a wide range of statistical summarization and exploration tasks. Correspondingly, the concepts in this paper address the incorporation of statistical information, visual appeal, representational accuracy, and map interpretation. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP CARR, DB (reprint author), GEORGE MASON UNIV,CTR COMPUTAT STAT,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. NR 40 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CONGR SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1050-9844 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INFORM PD OCT PY 1992 VL 19 IS 4 BP 228 EP & DI 10.1559/152304092783721231 PG 0 WC Geography SC Geography GA KA096 UT WOS:A1992KA09600004 ER PT J AU CHILDERS, JW WILSON, NK HARLESS, RL BARBOUR, RK AF CHILDERS, JW WILSON, NK HARLESS, RL BARBOUR, RK TI CHARACTERIZATION OF BROMINATED AND BROMO CHLORO DIBENZO-(P)UNDER-BAR-DIOXINS AND DIBENZOFURANS BY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MATRIX ISOLATION-INFRARED SPECTROMETRY SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY SEP 23-27, 1991 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC ID PARA-DIOXINS; POLYBROMINATED DIBENZOFURANS; IDENTIFICATION AB Reference matrix isolation-infrared (MI-IR) spectra of selected tetrabrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (DDs), tetrabrominated dibenzofurans (DFs), and mixed bromo/chloro DDs and DFs were recorded and compared to MI-IR spectra of the corresponding fully chlorinated DDs and DFs. The MI-IR absorption bands for the fully brominated and mixed bromo/chloro DDs and DFs exhibit changes in relative intensity and in some cases shift to lower frequencies compared to their fully chlorinated analogs. The capabilities of MI-IR spectrometry for discriminating between positional isomers, which are often difficult to separate chromatographically and to distinguish by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS), are also demonstrated. C1 US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP CHILDERS, JW (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,POB 12313,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT-NOV PY 1992 VL 25 IS 7-10 BP 1285 EP 1290 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90143-F PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KC160 UT WOS:A1992KC16000062 ER PT J AU DONNELLY, JR SOVOCOOL, GW AF DONNELLY, JR SOVOCOOL, GW TI GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ELUTION ORDER AND ELUTION SHIFT MODELING FOR ISOMER SPECIFIC ANALYSIS OF HALOGENATED DIOXINS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY SEP 23-27, 1991 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; INCINERATOR FLY-ASH; RETENTION INDEX; P-DIOXINS AB The gas chromatographic retention properties have been modelled for verification of isomer specificity in the analysis of brominated, chlorinated, and bromochlorinated dioxins. The order of elution on non-polar GC columns can be expressed as the sum of the RI of the two halves of the molecule plus the RI value of interactive effects. Retention property modelling has been extended to predicting the shifts in order of elution and relative retentions of tetra-, penta-, and hexa-chloro dibenzo-p-dioxins for polar GC columns. C1 US EPA,EMSL LV,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP DONNELLY, JR (reprint author), LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO INC,1050 E FLAMINGO,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT-NOV PY 1992 VL 25 IS 7-10 BP 1299 EP 1304 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90145-H PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KC160 UT WOS:A1992KC16000064 ER PT J AU HARLESS, RL LEWIS, RG MCDANIEL, DD GIBSON, JF DUPUY, AE AF HARLESS, RL LEWIS, RG MCDANIEL, DD GIBSON, JF DUPUY, AE TI EVALUATION OF A SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF POLYHALOGENATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS AND DIBENZOFURANS IN AMBIENT AIR SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY SEP 23-27, 1991 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC AB General Metals Works PS-1 PUF air samplers and an analytical method based on high resolution gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC-HRMS) were evaluated for determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDDs/PBDFs) and bromo/chloro dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (BCDDs/BCDFs) in ambient air. Dilute solutions of these compounds and C-13(12)-1,2,3,4-TCDD were used to spike the filters of PS-1 air samplers which were then operated 24 hr to sample 350-400 m3 ambient air. After sampling, each quartz-fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) were spiked with C-13(12)-labeled PCDD, PCDF, PBDD, and PBDF internal standards before separate Soxhlet extractions with benzene. The extracts were subjected to an acid/base clean-up procedure followed by clean-up on microcolumns of silica gel, alumina, and carbon and then analyzed by HRGC-HRMS. Results derived from this study indicated the PS-1 ambient air samplers and the analytical procedures were very efficient and that pg/m3 and sub-pg/m3 levels of total PCDDs/PCDFs, PBDDs/PBDFs, BCDDs/BCDFs, and 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners could be accurately measured. Background levels of these compounds in the ambient air were also determined. Total PCDDs, PCDFs, TBDFs, and PeBDFs were detected in a low concentration range of 0.3 to 3.0 pg/m3. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529. RP HARLESS, RL (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT-NOV PY 1992 VL 25 IS 7-10 BP 1317 EP 1322 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90148-K PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KC160 UT WOS:A1992KC16000067 ER PT J AU BRNA, TG KILGROE, JD AF BRNA, TG KILGROE, JD TI POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS AND DIBENZOFURANS - REMOVAL FROM FLUE-GAS AND DISTRIBUTION IN ASH/RESIDUE OF A REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL COMBUSTOR SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY SEP 23-27, 1991 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC AB In early 1989, a joint Environment Canada/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency program investigated the effect of changing combustion and flue gas cleaning system variables on the performance of these systems. Using information from earlier characterization tests al the same test site (Mid-Connecticut facility in Hartford), performance data on a refuse-derived fuel combustor and its lime spray dryer absorber/fabric filter (flue gas cleaning) system were obtained under good, intermediate, and poor combustor operation and high, normal, and low sulfur dioxide (SO2) control by the flue gas cleaning system. The independent combustion system variables included steam load, air supply rate, and its distribution. For the flue gas cleaning system, the outlet gas temperature from the spray dryer absorber served as an easily measurable surrogate for the approach to saturation temperature, while SO2 concentration in the flue gas at the fabric filter outlet continuously represented lime stoichiometry. Test data included: acid gas, trace organic, trace metal, and particulate matter concentrations as well as material collection for the determination ot ash/residue composition and production rates. In addition, process data and refuse-derived fuel feed and ash/residue generation rates were obtained. Correlations between combustion conditions and furnace emission of organic pollutants are presented. The removal of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, other organics, and particulate matter from flue gas is reported The transfer of organics to ash/residue is detailed, and the close relationship between particulate removal and organics removal is noted. The results of input/output analyses of the organics across the flue gas cleaning system are discussed. RP BRNA, TG (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT-NOV PY 1992 VL 25 IS 7-10 BP 1381 EP 1386 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90157-M PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KC160 UT WOS:A1992KC16000076 ER PT J AU GULLETT, BK BRUCE, KR BEACH, LO DRAGO, AM AF GULLETT, BK BRUCE, KR BEACH, LO DRAGO, AM TI MECHANISTIC STEPS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PCDD AND PCDF DURING WASTE COMBUSTION SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY SEP 23-27, 1991 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; INCINERATOR FLY-ASH; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; CHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXINS; PCDD/PCDF AB Research has shown that synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDS) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) during municipal waste combustion can proceed through a three step mechanism including 1) production of Cl. from a metal-catalyzed reaction of HCl and O2, 2) Cl2 chlorination of aromatic rings through substitution reactions, and 3) formation of dual ring structures by a second metal-catalyzed reaction. Formation of the dual ring PCDD structure, likely through condensation reactions of chlorophenols, is enhanced up to three orders of magnitude in the presence of metal catalysts, such as Cu(II), reaching a maximum around 400-degrees-C. C1 ACUREX CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP GULLETT, BK (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 16 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT-NOV PY 1992 VL 25 IS 7-10 BP 1387 EP 1392 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90158-N PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KC160 UT WOS:A1992KC16000077 ER PT J AU RABERT, W ZEEMAN, M AF RABERT, W ZEEMAN, M TI DIOXINS FURANS - UNITED-STATES-EPA ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR LAND APPLICATION AND DISPOSAL METHODS FOR PAPER PULP SLUDGE SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY SEP 23-27, 1991 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC AB Potential risks to terrestrial wildlife were estimated from exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD/TCDF in paper pulp sludges applied to or disposed of on land. Comparative risks were assessed for land application uses in forests, mine reclamation, and agriculture, versus other disposal methods, such as in landfills and surface impoundments. Potential risks to fish and aquatic wildlife were also estimated for runoff from such land uses and disposal sites. The general types of wildlife species predicted as potentially most exposed via eating TCDD/TCDF contaminated prey were terrestrial animals such as shrews, woodcocks, and robins. TCDD/TCDF levels in eggs from several bird species collected from Wisconsin pine plantations amended with such pulp sludges corroborated the transfer of TCDD/TCDF from soil via prey species into avian eggs, particularly robin eggs. RP RABERT, W (reprint author), US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST,DIV HLTH & ENVIRONM REVIEW,ENVIRONM EFFECTS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT-NOV PY 1992 VL 25 IS 7-10 BP 1499 EP 1504 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90176-R PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KC160 UT WOS:A1992KC16000095 ER PT J AU REMMERS, J DUPUY, A MCDANIEL, D HARLESS, R STEELE, D AF REMMERS, J DUPUY, A MCDANIEL, D HARLESS, R STEELE, D TI POLYCHLORINATED-DIBENZO-P-DIOXIN AND DIBENZOFRURAN CONTAMINATION IN CHLORNAIL AND CARBAZOLE VIOLET SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY SEP 23-27, 1991 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC AB Four samples of Chloranil and one sample of Carbazole Violet were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Part per billion and part per million levels of hepta- and octachlorinated dioxins and furans were found in the samples. Hexachlorinated dioxins and furans were also found in some of the samples. These levels are considered minimum levels since the extraction and analytical procedures were not optimized for these samples containing such extremely high concentrations. C1 US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,BEAD,ACB ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BAY ST LOUIS,MS. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. MIDWEST RES INST,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110. RP REMMERS, J (reprint author), US EPA,OFF TOX SUBST,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 3 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT-NOV PY 1992 VL 25 IS 7-10 BP 1505 EP 1508 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90177-S PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KC160 UT WOS:A1992KC16000096 ER PT J AU DOLPH, J MARKS, D AF DOLPH, J MARKS, D TI CHARACTERIZING THE DISTRIBUTION OF OBSERVED PRECIPITATION AND RUNOFF OVER THE CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; LAND AREAS; EL-NINO; TEMPERATURE; FLUCTUATIONS; IMPACT AB This paper describes the development of a comprehensive geographic database of historical precipitation and runoff measurements for the conterminous U.S. The database is used in a spatial analysis to) characterize large scale precipitation and runoff patterns and to assess the utility and limitations of using historical hydro-meteorological data for providing spatially distributed precipitation estimates at regional and continental scales. Long-term annual average precipitation (P) and runoff (Q) surfaces (geographically referenced, digital representations of a continuous spatial distribution) generated from interpolation of point measurements are used in a distributed water balance calculation to check the reliability of precipitation estimates. The resulting input-output values (P - Q) illustrate the deficiency (sparse distribution and low elevation bias) of historical precipitation measurements in the mountainous western U.S. where snowmelt is an important component of the annual runoff. The incorporation of high elevation snow measurements into the precipitation record significantly improves the water balance estimates in some areas and enhances the utility of historical data for providing spatially distributed precipitation estimates in topographically diverse regions. Regions where the use of historical precipitation data may be most limited for precipitation estimation are identified and alternatives to the use of interpolated historical data for precipitation estimation across large heterogenous regions are suggested. The research establishes a database for continental scale studies and provides direction for the successful development of spatially distributed regional scale water balance models. RP DOLPH, J (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD OCT PY 1992 VL 22 IS 2 BP 99 EP 119 DI 10.1007/BF00142961 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JQ056 UT WOS:A1992JQ05600003 ER PT J AU GULLETT, BK BRUCE, KR BEACH, LO AF GULLETT, BK BRUCE, KR BEACH, LO TI EFFECT OF SULFUR-DIOXIDE ON THE FORMATION MECHANISM OF POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXIN AND DIBENZOFURAN IN MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLY-ASH; INCINERATORS; DECOMPOSITION; PRECURSORS; CHLORINE; PLANTS; COAL; PCDD AB The effect of sulfur dioxide on the formation mechanism of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) in the postcombustion, downstream region (500-300-degrees-C) of a municipal waste combustor (MWC) was investigated. Laboratory experiments simulating the flue gases and particle environment of an MWC examined PCDD production under varying conditions. Effects on the concentration of an organic-chlorinating constituent, Cl2, through both homogeneous reaction with SO2 and deactivation of a Cl2-forming catalyst [Cu(II)] were examined. Experimental results suggest that the reaction of Cu(II) with SO2 to form CuSO4 renders the catalyst less active, decreasing PCDD formation. However, this inactivity is not a result of decreased Cl2 formation, but rather of reduced ability of Cu(II) to promote a second catalytic step of biaryl synthesis. These findings suggest that the apparent lack of PCDD and PCDF in the emissions from coal-fired combustors may be due to the relatively high concentrations of SO2. C1 ACUREX CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP GULLETT, BK (reprint author), US EPA,AIR & ENERGY ENGN RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 25 TC 97 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1938 EP 1943 DI 10.1021/es00034a009 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JR074 UT WOS:A1992JR07400019 ER PT J AU ARAR, EJ LONG, SE MARTIN, TD GOLD, S AF ARAR, EJ LONG, SE MARTIN, TD GOLD, S TI DETERMINATION OF HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM IN SLUDGE INCINERATOR EMISSIONS USING ION CHROMATOGRAPHY AND INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WELDING FUMES; PRECONCENTRATION; OXIDATION AB A unique approach is described using ion chromatography (IC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the determination of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in wastewater sludge incinerator emissions. Quartz fiber filters, spiked with an isotopically enriched (Cr-50 or Cr-53) chromate salt, were used to collect emission particulates. The enriched Cr(VI) isotope was used to monitor the reduction of Cr(VI) during sample collection using a pseudo-first-order reaction model and to calculate the rate of deposition of native Cr(VI) on the filters. At the end of the sampling period, the Cr(VI) was extracted from the filters with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide and determined by IC using postcolumn derivatization with 1,5-diphenylcarbohydrazide. To determine the ratio of enriched Cr(VI) to the native Cr(VI) emitted from the incinerator, an additional aliquot of the sample extract was preconcentrated by IC and the isotopic composition of the Cr(VI) fraction determined by ICP-MS. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP ARAR, EJ (reprint author), TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,US EPA,26 W MARTIN LUTHER KING DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1944 EP 1950 DI 10.1021/es00034a010 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JR074 UT WOS:A1992JR07400020 ER PT J AU GRAY, LE OSTBY, JS KAVLOCK, RJ MARSHALL, R AF GRAY, LE OSTBY, JS KAVLOCK, RJ MARSHALL, R TI GONADAL EFFECTS OF FETAL EXPOSURE TO THE AZO DYE CONGO RED IN MICE - INFERTILITY IN FEMALE BUT NOT MALE OFFSPRING SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPENSATORY GROWTH; GERM-CELLS; BENZIDINE; MOUSE; RAT; METABOLISM; FERTILITY; ORGANOGENESIS; TERATOLOGY; REDUCTION C1 MANTECH INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP GRAY, LE (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,DEV REPROD BIOL SECT,REPROD TOXICOL BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 19 IS 3 BP 411 EP 422 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90180-P PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA JU086 UT WOS:A1992JU08600012 PM 1459372 ER PT J AU STANTON, ME CROFTON, KM LAU, C AF STANTON, ME CROFTON, KM LAU, C TI BEHAVIORAL-DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING DAILY EPISODES OF MOTHER INFANT SEPARATION IN THE RAT SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ADULT-RATS; DISCRIMINATION C1 US EPA,DIV DEV TOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP STANTON, ME (reprint author), US EPA,DIV NEUROTOXICOL,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015 OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 19 IS 3 BP 474 EP 477 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90186-L PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA JU086 UT WOS:A1992JU08600018 PM 1459377 ER PT J AU KETTERER, ME AF KETTERER, ME TI ASSESSMENT OF OVERALL ACCURACY OF LEAD ISOTOPE RATIOS DETERMINED BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS-SPECTROMETRY USING BATCH QUALITY-CONTROL AND THE YOUDEN 2-SAMPLE METHOD SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE LEAD ISOTOPE RATIO DETERMINATION; INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY; THALLIUM-BASED MASS DISCRIMINATION CORRECTION; BATCH QUALITY CONTROL; YOUDEN 2-SAMPLE PROTOCOL ID IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; VERIFICATION AB The determination of lead isotope ratios in environmental samples using a batch quality control protocol is described. Isotope ratios are computed with respect to Pb-204 and are corrected for mass discrimination by the addition of thallium to all solutions. The batch quality control protocol entails measurements of two separate control samples, namely National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 981 Common Lead and a galena sample independently analysed by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. The present study demonstrates results of these two control samples for 43 sample batches analysed over a two-year period of time. Modified Youden-type plots of the two-sample sums and differences are constructed in order to estimate over-all accuracy for individual batches and collectively for the entire dataset. This statistical treatment indicated that 95% of the batches have estimated over-all relative uncertainties for the ratios Pb-206:Pb-204, Pb-207:Pb-204 and Pb-208:Pb-204 of less than 1.23, 1.45 and 1.77%, respectively. RP KETTERER, ME (reprint author), US EPA,NATL ENFORCEMENT INVEST CTR,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25227,BLDG 53,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 7 IS 7 BP 1125 EP 1129 DI 10.1039/ja9920701125 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA JY532 UT WOS:A1992JY53200015 ER PT J AU PARRISH, RS SMITH, CN FONG, FK AF PARRISH, RS SMITH, CN FONG, FK TI TESTS OF THE PESTICIDE ROOT ZONE MODEL AND THE AGGREGATE MODEL FOR TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION OF ALDICARB, METOLACHLOR, AND BROMIDE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED ZONE; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; POROUS-MEDIA; SOILS; GROUNDWATER; PREDICTIONS; FIELD; PRZM AB Mathematical models are widely used to predict leaching of pesticides and nutrients in agricultural systems. This work was conducted to investigate the predictive capability of the Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) and the Aggregate model (AGGR) for the pesticides aldicarb [2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl)oxime], metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], and for a bromide tracer. Model predictions were compared with data collected during 1984 to 1987 in the Dougherty Plain area of southwestern Georgia. Field data were used to estimate mean concentrations of pesticide and bromide residues in the soil profile on various dates after application in each of four growing seasons. Both models tended to predict rates of movement of bromide tracer compounds in excess of that observed. For metolachlor, a pesticide with a sorption-partition coefficient that is higher than for other compounds in the study, both models provided reasonably accurate predictions within the upper 30-cm zone. For the pesticide aldicarb, results were more variable. The results suggest that the hydrologic components of both models are more accurate for the upper zones, but they are imprecise in deeper zones, underpredicting vertical dispersion and overpredicting transport velocity. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. US EPA,COMP SCI CORP,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 685 EP 697 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JZ316 UT WOS:A1992JZ31600025 ER PT J AU EVANS, GF LUMPKIN, TA SMITH, DL SOMERVILLE, MC AF EVANS, GF LUMPKIN, TA SMITH, DL SOMERVILLE, MC TI MEASUREMENTS OF VOCS FROM THE TAMS NETWORK SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE; INDOOR; AIR AB Target volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at a network of urban air monitoring locations in Boston, Chicago, Houston, an the Seattle/Tacoma area. Following a pilot-scale field evaluation of available techniques for determining concentrations of VOCs in ambient air, a technique based on evacuated stainless steel canisters was selected to collect whole air samples. Twenty-four-hour integrated samples were collected every twelfth day at ten sites over a 2-year study period. Battelle Columbus Laboratory (BCL) analyzed the samples for 25 target VOCs using cryogenic focusing, gas chromatographic separation and mass selective detection with flame ionization detection as backup. Duplicate canister samplers were operated each sampling period at one of the ten sites in the Toxic Air Monitoring System (TAMS) network to estimate overall method precision. In addition, every 10th analysis was repeated by BCL to obtain a measure of analytical precision. Finally, each sampling period a clean evacuated canister was sent to Research Triangle Park to be filled with an audit gas mixture of known concentrations. The audit canisters were analyzed along with the routine field samples to estimate method accuracy. The target compound found most ubiquitously were benzene, toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene. These aromatic compounds were highly correlated and proportionally related in a manner suggesting that the primary contributors were mobile sources in all the urban locations studied. annual median concentrations for target compounds ranged from 0.1 to 4.0 part per billion volume (ppbv) range, while individual 24-h concentrations occasionally reached as high as 20 ppbv. C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP EVANS, GF (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 10 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1319 EP 1323 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JT808 UT WOS:A1992JT80800007 ER PT J AU STUMP, FD KNAPP, KT RAY, WD SNOW, R EUDY, L AF STUMP, FD KNAPP, KT RAY, WD SNOW, R EUDY, L TI THE COMPOSITION OF MOTOR-VEHICLE ORGANIC EMISSIONS UNDER ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE SUMMER DRIVING CONDITIONS (75 TO 105-DEGREES-F) .2. SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Emissions from nine popular late-model motor vehicles with four-cylinder engines were characterized at three test temperatures to simulate summer driving. Six vehicles were fueled by throttle body injection (TB) and three by port fuel injection (PFI). The vehicles were tested at temperatures of 75, 90 and 105-degrees-F with unleaded regular summer grade fuel. Tailpipe and evaporative emissions were determined at each test temperature. The emissions measured were total hydrocarbons (THCs), speciated hydrocarbons (200+ compounds and isomers), speciated aldehydes, carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), benzene and 1,3-butadiene. Tailpipe emissions of THC from the TBI were relatively stable, but THC emissions from the PFI vehicles decreased slightly as test temperature increased. CO emissions from the TBI vehicles increased and those from the PFI vehicles decreased as test temperature increased. NOx emissions from both TBI and PFI vehicles increased with increased test temperature. Benzene and 1,3-butadiene emissions from the TBI vehicles showed no temperature sensitivity, but emissions from the PFI vehicles decreased with test temperature increases. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and total aldehydes in general showed no temperature sensitivity. Evaporative (diurnal and hot soak) emissions from both TBI and PFI vehicles generally increased with test temperature increase. Evaporative emissions from the TBI vehicles were greater than those from the PFI vehicles. The first paper of this two-part series was published in the February 1992 issue of the Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. C1 MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP STUMP, FD (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1328 EP 1335 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JT808 UT WOS:A1992JT80800009 ER PT J AU STALEY, L AF STALEY, L TI SITE DEMONSTRATION OF THE RETECH PLASMA CENTRIFUGAL FURNACE - THE USE OF PLASMA TO VITRIFY CONTAMINATED SOIL SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Plasma Centrifugal Furnace (PCF) developed by Retech Inc. of Ukiah, California was demonstrated under the EPA's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program in July 1991 at the U.S. Department of Energy's Magnetohydrodynamics Component Development and Integration Facility (CDIF) in Butte, Montana. The PCF was designed to function as a vitrification technology in that plasma energy was used to melt contaminated soil. On cooling, the treated soil formed a glasslike matrix which effectively immobilized metal contamination. During vitrification, organic contamination in the soil was driven off and thermally destroyed. The treated waste was never exposed to the extremely high temperatures present in the center of plasma plumes. Rather, it experienced temperatures of approximately 2000-degrees-F which is similar to conventional incineration temperatures. Nevertheless, 99.99 percent Destruction and Removal Efficiencies (DREs) were achieved and the vitrified soil passed the TCLP test. One can conclude from this demonstration that using plasma-based waste treatment systems to vitrify soil is possible and of some value in the remediation of Superfund sites. As a means of vitrification, plasma may be competitive with other means of vitrification such as direct electric heating and slagging combustion. Plasma-based waste treatment systems provide an option for treating Superfund sites contaminated with both organic chemicals and metals. This paper discusses the background of the development of plasma systems, summarizes the results of the SITE demonstration of the PCF and compares its performance to that of other vitrification technologies. RP STALEY, L (reprint author), US EPA,DIV SUPERFUND TECHNOL DEMONSTRAT,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1372 EP 1376 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JT808 UT WOS:A1992JT80800012 ER PT J AU WOLF, SM VOUROS, P NORWOOD, C JACKIM, E AF WOLF, SM VOUROS, P NORWOOD, C JACKIM, E TI IDENTIFICATION OF DEOXYNUCLEOSIDE POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBON ADDUCTS BY CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS CONTINUOUS FLOW-FAST ATOM BOMBARDMENT MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID DNA ADDUCTS; CARCINOGEN 4-AMINOBIPHENYL; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BENZOPYRENE; NUCLEOSIDE; METABOLISM; DAMAGE; ASSAY; RAT AB Capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to continuous flow-fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry is shown to have utility for the detection and characterization of adducts formed by the covalent attachment of four polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and amino-PAH compounds to deoxyguanosine. Normal scanning provided structural information for a 1.3 ng injection of a model adduct, while 1.3 ng of each of a mixture of adducts was sufficient to determine their molecular weights by monitoring the constant neutral loss of deoxyribose. Exploitation of this loss in the multiple reaction monitoring mode resulted in the detection of low picogram amounts of target adducts in mixtures. C1 NORTHEASTERN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BOSTON,MA 02115. NORTHEASTERN UNIV,BARNETT INST,BOSTON,MA 02115. US EPA,ERLN,NARRAGANSETT,RI. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 3 IS 7 BP 757 EP 761 DI 10.1016/1044-0305(92)87089-H PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA JQ097 UT WOS:A1992JQ09700009 PM 24234643 ER EF