FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hahn, DC Wingfield, JC Fox, DM Walker, BG Thomley, JE AF Hahn, D. Caldwell Wingfield, John C. Fox, David M. Walker, Brian G. Thomley, Jill E. TI Maternal androgens in avian brood parasites and their hosts: Responses to parasitism and competition? SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arms race; Cowbird; Maternal effects; Parasitism; Tolerance; Yolk testosterone ID BROWN-HEADED COWBIRDS; MOLOTHRUS-ATER; YOLK TESTOSTERONE; SONG SPARROWS; IMMUNE FUNCTION; NEST PREDATION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SEASONAL FECUNDITY; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; BREEDING DENSITY AB In the coevolutionary dynamic of avian brood parasites and their hosts, maternal (or transgenerational) effects have rarely been investigated. We examined the potential role of elevated yolk testosterone in eggs of the principal brood parasite in North America, the brown-headed cowbird, and three of its frequent host species. Elevated maternal androgens in eggs are a common maternal effect observed in many avian species when breeding conditions are unfavorable. These steroids accelerate embryo development, shorten incubation period, increase nestling growth rate, and enhance begging vigor, all traits that can increase the survival of offspring. We hypothesized that elevated maternal androgens in host eggs are a defense against brood parasitism. Our second hypothesis was that elevated maternal androgens in cowbird eggs are a defense against intra-specific competition. For host species, we found that elevated yolk testosterone was correlated with parasitized nests of small species, those whose nest success is most reduced by cowbird parasitism. For cowbirds, we found that elevated yolk testosterone was correlated with eggs in multiply-parasitized nests, which indicate intra-specific competition for nests due to high cowbird density. We propose experimental work to further examine the use of maternal effects by cowbirds and their hosts. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hahn, D. Caldwell] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Wingfield, John C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurobiol Physiol & Behav, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fox, David M.] Natl Pk Serv, Jean Lafitte Natl Hist Pk & Preserve, Marrero, LA 70072 USA. [Walker, Brian G.] Fairfield Univ, Dept Biol, Fairfield, CT 06824 USA. [Thomley, Jill E.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Boone, NC 28608 USA. RP Hahn, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM chahn@usgs.gov; jcwingfield@ucdavis.edu; david_m_fox@nps.gov; bwalker@fairfield.edu; thomleyje@appstate.edu FU National Geographic Society, United States [6664-99]; National Science Foundation, United States [IBN-0317141] FX We thank the National Geographic Society, United States, Grant No. 6664-99 to DCH and National Science Foundation, United States, grant No. IBN-0317141 to JCW for research support. Rockefeller University Field Research Center and Innisfree Garden kindly gave permission to conduct the study on their land, and F. Nottebohm and P. Tellerday provided excellent logistical support. We thank J.A. Sedgwick and N. Parsons for assistance searching for nests and L.W. Douglass for assistance with Goodness of Fit tests. We thank J.S. Hatfield, T.E. Martin, and several anonymous reviewers whose helpful comments improved the manuscript. NR 108 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 240 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.10.004 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA EE6PG UT WOS:000389734100017 PM 27746250 ER PT J AU Escobar, LE Kurath, G Escobar-Dodero, J Craft, ME Phelps, NBD AF Escobar, L. E. Kurath, G. Escobar-Dodero, J. Craft, M. E. Phelps, N. B. D. TI Potential distribution of the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus in the Great Lakes region SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; Maxent; niche modeling; remote sensing; viral haemorrhagic septicaemia ID ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; GENOTYPE IVB; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; FRESH-WATER; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MORTALITY EVENT; ROUND GOBIES; VHSV; ONTARIO AB Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) genotype IVb has been responsible for large-scale fish mortality events in the Great Lakes of North America. Anticipating the areas of potential VHSV occurrence is key to designing epidemiological surveillance and disease prevention strategies in the Great Lakes basin. We explored the environmental features that could shape the distribution of VHSV, based on remote sensing and climate data via ecological niche modelling. Variables included temperature measured during the day and night, precipitation, vegetation, bathymetry, solar radiation and topographic wetness. VHSV occurrences were obtained from available reports of virus confirmation in laboratory facilities. We fit a Maxent model using VHSV-IVb reports and environmental variables under different parameterizations to identify the best model to determine potential VHSV occurrence based on environmental suitability. VHSV reports were generated from both passive and active surveillance. VHSV occurrences were most abundant near shore sites. We were, however, able to capture the environmental signature of VHSV based on the environmental variables employed in our model, allowing us to identify patterns of VHSV potential occurrence. Our findings suggest that VHSV is not at an ecological equilibrium and more areas could be affected, including areas not in close geographic proximity to past VHSV reports. C1 [Escobar, L. E.; Craft, M. E.; Phelps, N. B. D.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Vet Populat Med, 1365 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Escobar, L. E.; Phelps, N. B. D.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Aquat Invas Species Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kurath, G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Escobar-Dodero, J.] Univ Andres Bello, Fac Ecol & Recursos Nat, Santiago, Chile. [Phelps, N. B. D.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Escobar, LE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Vet Populat Med, 1365 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM lescobar@umn.edu OI Escobar, Luis E./0000-0001-5735-2750 FU Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center; Clean Water Land and Legacy FX LEE was supported by the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund, the Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center and the Clean Water Land and Legacy. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 16 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 EI 1365-2761 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 40 IS 1 BP 11 EP 28 DI 10.1111/jfd.12490 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA EE7VZ UT WOS:000389834400002 PM 27173916 ER PT J AU Fritts, AK Fritts, MW Haag, WR DeBoer, JA Casper, AF AF Fritts, Andrea K. Fritts, Mark W. Haag, Wendell R. DeBoer, Jason A. Casper, Andrew F. TI Freshwater mussel shells (Unionidae) chronicle changes in a North American river over the past 1000 years SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Sclerochronology; Historical ecology; von Bertalanffy; Isotope; Growth; Eutrophication ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; ILLINOIS RIVER; FOOD WEBS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; GROWTH; COMMUNITY; LAKE; EUTROPHICATION; CONSERVATION; EFFLUENTS AB The Illinois River was substantially altered during the 20th century with the installation of navigational locks and dams, construction of extensive levee networks, and degradation of water quality. Freshwater mussels were affected by these changes. We used sclerochronology and stable isotopes to evaluate changes over time in age-and-growth and food sources for two mussel species: Amblema plicata and Quadrula quadrula. Specimens were collected in years 1894, 1897, 1909, 1912, 1966, and 2013, and archeological specimens were collected circa 850. The von Bertalanffy growth parameter (K) was similar between 850 and 1897, but it increased by 1912 and remained elevated through 2013. Predicted maximum size (L-inf) increased over the past millennium, and 2013 individuals were over 50% larger than in 850. Growth indices showed similar patterns of continual increases in growth. Shells were enriched in C-13 and N-15 during the 20th century, but exhibited a partial return to historical conditions by 2013. These patterns are likely attributable to impoundment, nutrient pollution and eutrophication beginning in the early 20th century followed by recent water quality improvement. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fritts, Andrea K.; Fritts, Mark W.; DeBoer, Jason A.; Casper, Andrew F.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Illinois River Biol Stn, Havana, IL 62644 USA. [Haag, Wendell R.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Fritts, Andrea K.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Fritts, Mark W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. RP Fritts, AK (reprint author), USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM afritts@usgs.gov; mark_fritts@fws.gov; whaag@fs.fed.us; jadeboer@illinois.edu; afcasper@illinois.edu OI Fritts, Andrea/0000-0003-2142-3339 FU University of Illinois, Prairie Research Institute FX We thank K. Cummings and the Illinois Natural History Survey for providing access to historical specimens and R. Warren and the Illinois State Museum for providing access to archeological specimens. We are grateful for the assistance of many individuals in the lab or field, including T. Beasley, M. Bland, A. Burgett, S. Douglass, C. Gilliland, R. Pendleton, A. Stodola, and J. Widloe. This research received funding from the Matching Research Awards Program through the University of Illinois, Prairie Research Institute. This manuscript was improved with input from two anonymous reviewers. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 18 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 575 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.225 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF5MD UT WOS:000390373400022 PM 27741455 ER PT J AU Pinkney, AE Myers, MS Rutter, MA AF Pinkney, Alfred E. Myers, Mark S. Rutter, Michael A. TI Histopathology of brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in relation to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination in the Hudson River SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Yellow perch; PCBs; Histopathology; Atresia; Hudson River; NRDA ID FLOUNDER PLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; TOXICOPATHIC HEPATIC-LESIONS; BENEFICIAL USE IMPAIRMENT; NEW-YORK-STATE; LIVER-LESIONS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; CHESAPEAKE BAY AB From the 1940s through 1977, at least 590,000 kg of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were released into the Hudson River from General Electric manufacturing plants located in Hudson Falls and Fort Edward, New York. In 1984, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency designated a nearly 322 km reach as the Hudson River PCBs Superfund Site. Here we describe a Fish Health Assessment study, part of a Natural Resource Damage Assessment, that evaluated the prevalence of toxicopathic lesions in adult brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), and yellowperch (Perca flavescens). In fall 2001, 29-51 fish of each species were collected in fall 2001 from highly contaminated areas below the plants (Thompson Island Pool (TIP) and Stillwater Dam Pool (STW)), an upriver reference area (Feeder Dam Pool (FDP)), and a reference lake, Oneida Lake (ODA). The focus was on histopathologic lesions and observations associated with contaminant exposure: liver-neoplasms, foci of cellular alteration, bile duct hyperplasia; testes-ovotestis (testicular oocytes), germ cell degeneration, altered developmental stage; ovaries-atresia and altered developmental stage. Lesions associated with PCB exposure were defined as those with significantly greater prevalence and/or severity in TIP and STW compared with ODA and FDP. For brown bullhead and smallmouth bass, no lesions or changes in gonadal development met those criteria. In yellow perch, ovarian atresia was the only lesion associated with PCB exposure. Prevalence was 53% in FDP, 75% in ODA, and 100% in both STW and TIP; severity increased from mostly minimal to mild-moderate. Because of the high prevalence of atresia in reference collections, it is likely that factors other than PCBs are also involved. As part of a post-dredging monitoring plan, we recommend assessing gonad structure and function in yellow perch collected at the time of spawning in locations with a range of PCB contamination. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pinkney, Alfred E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, 177 Admiral Cochrane Dr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Myers, Mark S.] Myers Ecotoxicol Serv LLC, 19604 12th Ave NW, Shoreline, WA 98177 USA. [Rutter, Michael A.] Rutter Stat Consulting, 2150 Cemetery Rd, North East, PA 16428 USA. RP Pinkney, AE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, 177 Admiral Cochrane Dr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM Fred_Pinkney@fws.gov FU Hudson River Natural Resource Trustees as part of the ongoing Hudson River Natural Resource Damage Assessment FX We appreciate the reviews and discussions with the Hudson River Natural Resource Trustees. Leslie Pitt (USFWS) produced the site map. This work was supported by the Hudson River Natural Resource Trustees as part of the ongoing Hudson River Natural Resource Damage Assessment. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 575 BP 1325 EP 1338 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.209 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF5MD UT WOS:000390373400132 PM 27751691 ER PT J AU Malanson, GP Zimmerman, DL Kinney, M Fagre, DB AF Malanson, George P. Zimmerman, Dale L. Kinney, Mitch Fagre, Daniel B. TI Relations of Alpine Plant Communities across Environmental Gradients: Multilevel versus Multiscale Analyses SO ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Article DE biogeography; scale; species diversity; tundra; vegetation ID GLACIER NATIONAL-PARK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPECIES-RICHNESS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; UNITED-STATES; TUNDRA; SCALE; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; GEOGRAPHY AB Alpine plant communities vary, and their environmental covariates could influence their response to climate change. A single multilevel model of how alpine plant community composition is determined by hierarchical relations is compared to a separate examination of those relations at different scales. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of species cover for plots in four regions across the Rocky Mountains created dependent variables. Climate variables are derived for the four regions from interpolated data. Plot environmental variables are measured directly and the presence of thirty-seven site characteristics is recorded and used to create additional independent variables. Multilevel and best subsets regressions are used to determine the strength of the hypothesized relations. The ordinations indicate structure in the assembly of plant communities. The multilevel analyses, although revealing significant relations, provide little explanation; of the site variables, those related to site microclimate are most important. In multiscale analyses (whole and separate regions), different variables are better explanations within the different regions. This result indicates weak environmental niche control of community composition. The weak relations of the structure in the patterns of species association to the environment indicates that either alpine vegetation represents a case of the neutral theory of biogeography being a valid explanation or that it represents disequilibrium conditions. The implications of neutral theory and disequilibrium explanations are similar: Response to climate change will be difficult to quantify above equilibrium background turnover. C1 [Malanson, George P.] Univ Iowa, Dept Geog & Sustainabil Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Zimmerman, Dale L.; Kinney, Mitch] Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Fagre, Daniel B.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Malanson, GP (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Geog & Sustainabil Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM George-malanson@uiowa.edu; dale-zimmerman@uiowa.edu; kinne174@umn.edu; dan_fagre@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [1121305] FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation award 1121305. This material is based on work while George P. Malanson served at the National Science Foundation. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the U.S. Geological Survey; any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2469-4452 EI 2469-4460 J9 ANN AM ASSOC GEOGR JI Ann. Am. Assoc. Geogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 107 IS 1 BP 41 EP 53 PG 13 WC Geography SC Geography GA ED2TU UT WOS:000388703000007 ER PT J AU Wilson, WD Hutchinson, JT Ostrand, KG AF Wilson, Wade D. Hutchinson, Jeffrey T. Ostrand, Kenneth G. TI Genetic diversity assessment of in situ and ex situ Texas wild rice (Zizania texana) populations, an endangered plant SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Genetics; Endangered species; Refugia; San Marcos River; Texas wild rice ID BOTANICAL GARDEN; CONSERVATION; SOFTWARE; IMPLEMENTATION; COLLECTIONS; MANAGEMENT; RESOURCES; DISTANCES; GENOTYPE; SIZE AB Texas wild rice (Zizania texana) is an endangered, aquatic perennial plant endemic to the upper section of the San Marcos River, Texas. Ex situ populations of Z. texana are maintained by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in the event of a catastrophe event. We analyzed the genetics of in situ and ex situ populations of Z. texana to address the following questions: (1) are in situ populations adequately represented in ex situ population? (2) Is there genetic diversity among the current in situ population? (3) Has the current in situ genetic diversity increased or decreased from historical estimates in 2007. Results indicated that the overall ex situ populations were lower in genetic (allelic) diversity compared to the in situ population, with some in situ populations not present in the refugia. Overall, heterozygosity was moderate and ranged from H-o = 0.530 to H-o =0.635 in the wild and H-o = 0.549 to H-o =0.727 in the ex situ population. Inbreeding coefficients (Els) were near zero or negative indicating that inbreeding is not common within the current populations (in situ and ex situ) suggesting that some populations have an excess of heterozygotes (negative F-IS). Analysis of current in situ population structure indicated there are three unique genetic clusters in the San Marcos River. Comparison of the in situ population with historical analysis indicates the genetic diversity of the wild population is dynamic both temporally and spatially. The results indicate that Z. texana exhibits a plastic reproductive system utilizing both asexual (vegetative) and sexual (flowering and seed production) reproduction. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wilson, Wade D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Southwestern Native Aquat Resources & Recovery Ct, POB 219, Dexter, NM 88230 USA. [Hutchinson, Jeffrey T.; Ostrand, Kenneth G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Aquat Resources Ctr, 500 East McCarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Wilson, WD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Southwestern Native Aquat Resources & Recovery Ct, POB 219, Dexter, NM 88230 USA. EM Wade_Wilson@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Christopher Richards of the United States Department of Agriculture for providing us with data from the 2007 study. Doug Phillips, Daniel Huston, and Shannon Devine assisted with the collection of Texas wild rice samples from the San Marcos River. Meredith Bartron, Robert Doyle, Jackie Poole, and Christian Smith all provided helpful comments on earlier drafts. The conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 EI 1879-1522 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 136 BP 212 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2015.12.005 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ED9FB UT WOS:000389174500023 ER PT J AU Le Pichon, C Tales, E Belliard, J Torgersen, CE AF Le Pichon, Celine Tales, Evelyne Belliard, Jerome Torgersen, Christian E. TI Spatially intensive sampling by electrofishing for assessing longitudinal discontinuities in fish distribution in a headwater stream SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Stream fish; Obstacles; Riverscape; Spatial discontinuity; Geostatistics ID BULLHEAD COTTUS-GOBIO; TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; SINGLE-PASS; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; WAVELET ANALYSIS; HABITAT HETEROGENEITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; ABUNDANCE; RIVERS; WATER AB Spatially intensive sampling by electrofishing is proposed as a method for quantifying spatial variation in fish assemblages at multiple scales along extensive stream sections in headwater catchments. We used this method to sample fish species at 10-m(2) points spaced every 20 m throughout 5 km of a headwater stream in France. The spatially intensive sampling design provided information at a spatial resolution and extent that enabled exploration of spatial heterogeneity in fish assemblage structure and aquatic habitat at multiple scales with empirical variograms and wavelet analysis. These analyses were effective for detecting scales of periodicity, trends, and discontinuities in the distribution of species in relation to tributary junctions and obstacles to fish movement. This approach to sampling riverine fishes may be useful in fisheries research and management for evaluating stream fish responses to natural and altered habitats and for identifying sites for potential restoration. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Le Pichon, Celine; Tales, Evelyne; Belliard, Jerome] Irstea, UR HBAN, 1 Rue Pierre Gilles de Gennes,CS10030, F-92761 Antony, France. [Torgersen, Christian E.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Le Pichon, C (reprint author), Irstea, UR HBAN, 1 Rue Pierre Gilles de Gennes,CS10030, F-92761 Antony, France. EM celine.lepichon@irstea.fr OI Le Pichon, Celine/0000-0001-8055-7164 FU CNRS scientific program "Piren-Seine" FX We are grateful to Guillaume Gorges, Amandine Zahm, Daniel Mira and Guilherm Jan for their invaluable assistance in carrying out field work. Jeff Falke provided constructive comments that improved the presentation and clarity of the manuscript. This work was supported by the CNRS scientific program "Piren-Seine". Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 185 BP 90 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.09.026 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA ED3XA UT WOS:000388780600012 ER PT J AU Sethi, SA Gerken, J Ashline, J AF Sethi, Suresh Andrew Gerken, Jonathon Ashline, Joshua TI Accurate aging of juvenile salmonids using fork lengths SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aging; Juvenile fish; Length frequency; Mixture models; Pacific salmon ID TUNA THUNNUS-MACCOYII; FREQUENCY DATA; AGE VALIDATION; COHO SALMON; GROWTH; SIZE; STEELHEAD; DENSITY; HABITAT; STREAMS AB Juvenile salmon life history strategies, survival, and habitat interactions may vary by age cohort. However, aging individual juvenile fish using scale reading is time consuming and can be error prone. Fork length data are routinely measured while sampling juvenile salmonids. We explore the performance of aging juvenile fish based solely on fork length data, using finite Gaussian mixture models to describe multimodal size distributions and estimate optimal age-discriminating length thresholds. Fork length-based ages are compared against a validation set of juvenile coho salmon, Oncorynchus kisutch, aged by scales. Results for juvenile coho salmon indicate greater than 95% accuracy can be achieved by aging fish using length thresholds estimated from mixture models. Highest accuracy is achieved when aged fish are compared to length thresholds generated from samples from the same drainage, time of year, and habitat type (lentic versus lotic), although relatively high aging accuracy can still be achieved when thresholds are extrapolated to fish from populations in different years or drainages. Fork length-based aging thresholds are applicable for taxa for which multiple age cohorts coexist sympatrically. Where applicable, the method of aging individual fish is relatively quick to implement and can avoid ager interpretation bias common in scale-based aging. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sethi, Suresh Andrew] Cornell Univ, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 211 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gerken, Jonathon; Ashline, Joshua] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage Field Off, 4700 BLM Rd, Anchorage, AK 99507 USA. RP Sethi, SA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 211 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM suresh.sethi@cornell.edu FU Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank two anonymous reviwers, A.E. Punt, and other journal editorial staff for comments that improved this article. Funding for this project was provided by the Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank the private landowners throughout the Big Lake watershed and the Alaska Department of fish and game for providing access for study sampling. Numerous U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service field technicians are thanked for their sampling efforts. The findings and conclusions in this article are those,of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 185 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.09.012 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA ED3XA UT WOS:000388780600019 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Lancaster, N Skipp, GL AF Muhs, Daniel R. Lancaster, Nicholas Skipp, Gary L. TI A complex origin for the Kelso Dunes, Mojave National Preserve, California, USA: A case study using a simple geochemical method with global applications SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Kelso Dunes; Mojave Desert; Mineralogy; Geochemistry; Provenance ID NAMIB SAND SEA; TRANSPORT PATHWAYS; LINEAR DUNES; DESERT; SEDIMENT; ISRAEL; RIVER; NILE; AGE; PLEISTOCENE AB The Kelso Dune field in southern California is intriguing because although it is of limited areal extent (similar to 100 km(2)), it has a wide variety of dune forms and contains many active dunes (similar to 40 km(2)), which is unusual in the Mojave Desert. Studies over the past eight decades have concluded that the dunes are derived primarily from a single source, Mojave River alluvium, under a dominant, westerly-to-northwesterly wind regime. The majority of these studies did not, however, present data to support the Mojave River as the only source. We conducted mineralogical and geochemical studies of most of the 14 geomorphically defined dune groups of the Kelso Dune field as well as potential sand sources, alluvial sediments from the surrounding mountain ranges. Results indicate that sands in the nine western dune groups have K/Rb and K/Ba (primarily from K-feldspar) compositions that are indistinguishable from Mojave River alluvium (westerly/northwesterly winds) and Budweiser Wash alluvium (southwesterly winds), permitting an interpretation of two sources. In contrast, sands from the five eastern dune groups have K/Rb and K/Ba values that indicate significant inputs from alluvial fan deposits of the Providence Mountains. This requires either rare winds from the east or southeast or, more likely, aeolian reworldng of distal Providence Mountain fan sediments by winds from the west, at agate greater than input from the Mojave River or other western sources. The results indicate that even a small dune field can have a complex origin, either from seasonally varying winds or complex alluvial-fan-dune interaction. Application of K/Rb and K/Ba in K feldspar as a provenance indicator could be used in many of the world's ergs or sand seas, where dune origins are still not well understood or are controversial. Four examples are given from Africa and the Middle East where such an approach could yield useful new information about dune sand provenance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Muhs, Daniel R.; Skipp, Gary L.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Lancaster, Nicholas] Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov FU Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; National Park Service FX This study was supported by the Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Although field sampling of the dunes predated establishment of Mojave National Preserve, we wish to acknowledge the interest and support of National Park Service personnel in the progress of this study. Debra Hughson of Mojave National Preserve provided encouragement and valuable feedback on our results. George Kennedy and Jossh Beann assisted with field work and Brian Marshall, Shannon Mahan, and DeAnna Laurel assisted in the laboratory. Tracy Rowland kindly provided the oblique aerial photograph shown in Fig. 7. Dr. Nabil Gasmi (Departement de Geographie, Faculte des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines de Sousse, Tunisia) took Muhs to dune sample sites in the Grand Erg Oriental (merci beaucoup, Nabil). We appreciate helpful discussions with Mark Sweeney (University of South Dakota) and Eric McDonald (Desert Research Institute). Finally, we thank Jeff Pigati and Elly Brouwers (both USGS), Mark Sweeney, and editor Andy Plater (University of Liverpool) for helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 276 BP 222 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.10.002 PG 22 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA ED3VY UT WOS:000388777800017 ER PT J AU Kundzewicz, ZW Krysanova, V Dankers, R Hirabayashi, Y Kanae, S Hattermann, FF Huang, S Milly, PCD Stoffel, M Driessen, PPJ Matczak, P Quevauviller, P Schellnhuber, HJ AF Kundzewicz, Z. W. Krysanova, V. Dankers, R. Hirabayashi, Y. Kanae, S. Hattermann, F. F. Huang, S. Milly, P. C. D. Stoffel, M. Driessen, P. P. J. Matczak, P. Quevauviller, P. Schellnhuber, H. -J. TI Differences in flood hazard projections in Europe - their causes and consequences for decision making SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE flood hazard; climate change; projections; science-policy interactions; decision making; Europe ID CLIMATE-CHANGE PROJECTIONS; MULTIPLE GLOBAL CLIMATE; WATER-RESOURCES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; EXTREME EVENTS; MANAGEMENT; MODELS; IMPACT; FUTURE; ADAPTATION AB This paper interprets differences in flood hazard projections over Europe and identifies likely sources of discrepancy. Further, it discusses potential implications of these differences for flood risk reduction and adaptation to climate change. The discrepancy in flood hazard projections raises caution, especially among decision makers in charge of water resources management, flood risk reduction, and climate change adaptation at regional to local scales. Because it is naive to expect availability of trustworthy quantitative projections of future flood hazard, in order to reduce flood risk one should focus attention on mapping of current and future risks and vulnerability hotspots and improve the situation there. Although an intercomparison of flood hazard projections is done in this paper and differences are identified and interpreted, it does not seems possible to recommend which large-scale studies may be considered most credible in particular areas of Europe. C1 [Kundzewicz, Z. W.; Matczak, P.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Agr & Forest Environm, Poznan, Poland. [Kundzewicz, Z. W.; Krysanova, V.; Hattermann, F. F.; Schellnhuber, H. -J.] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Potsdam, Germany. [Dankers, R.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Hirabayashi, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Engn Innovat, Tokyo, Japan. [Kanae, S.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Environm Informat, Tokyo, Japan. [Huang, S.] Norwegian Water Resources & Energy Directorate, Oslo, Norway. [Milly, P. C. D.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. [Stoffel, M.] Univ Geneva, Inst Environm Sci, Climat Change & Climate Impacts, Geneva, Switzerland. [Stoffel, M.] Univ Geneva, Dept Earth Sci, Geneva, Switzerland. [Stoffel, M.] Univ Bern, Inst Geol Sci, Dendrolab Ch, Bern, Switzerland. [Driessen, P. P. J.] Univ Utrecht, Copernicus Inst Sustainable Dev, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Matczak, P.] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Inst Sociol, Poznan, Poland. [Quevauviller, P.] Vrije Univ Brussel, Dept Hydrol & Hydraul Engn, Brussels, Belgium. RP Kundzewicz, ZW (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Agr & Forest Environm, Poznan, Poland.; Kundzewicz, ZW (reprint author), Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Potsdam, Germany. EM kundzewicz@yahoo.com RI Kanae, Shinjiro/E-5606-2010; Stoffel, Markus/A-1793-2017; Driessen, Peter/M-6751-2013 OI Kanae, Shinjiro/0000-0002-3176-4957; Stoffel, Markus/0000-0003-0816-1303; Driessen, Peter/0000-0002-0724-6666 FU EU FP7 STAR-FLOOD (STrengthening And Redesigning European FLOOD risk practices: Towards appropriate and resilient flood risk governance arrangements) Project; European Commission [308364]; Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland [2749/7.PR/2013/2]; FLORIST (FLOod RISk on the northern foothills of the Tatra Mountains) Project; Switzerland through the Swiss Contribution to the enlarged European Union [153/2010]; Environment Research & Technology Development Fund by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S-10, S-14] FX The authors wish to acknowledge support of: the EU FP7 STAR-FLOOD (STrengthening And Redesigning European FLOOD risk practices: Towards appropriate and resilient flood risk governance arrangements) Project, which received funding from the European Commission under grant agreement no. 308364 (PPJD, ZWK, PM) and was co-financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland within grant agreement no. 2749/7.PR/2013/2 for international projects in the period 2013-2016 (ZWK, MS); and the FLORIST (FLOod RISk on the northern foothills of the Tatra Mountains) Project, which received funding (PSPB No. 153/2010) from Switzerland through the Swiss Contribution to the enlarged European Union. This study also received funding as grants S-10 and S-14 from the Environment Research & Technology Development Fund by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (YH, SK). NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 21 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 EI 2150-3435 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 62 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1080/02626667.2016.1241398 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA ED1PG UT WOS:000388616800001 ER PT J AU Chun, CL Peller, JR Shively, D Byappanahalli, MN Whitman, RL Staley, C Zhang, Q Ishii, S Sadowsky, MJ AF Chun, Chan Lan Peller, Julie R. Shively, Dawn Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Whitman, Richard L. Staley, Christopher Zhang, Qian Ishii, Satoshi Sadowsky, Michael J. TI Virulence and biodegradation potential of dynamic microbial communities associated with decaying Cladophora in Great Lakes SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Cladophora; Great Lake; Microbiota; Dynamics; Decomposition; Pathogens; 16S rRNA ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; BOTULINUM TYPE-E; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; MACROALGA CLADOPHORA; GLOMERATA CHLOROPHYTA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MICHIGAN; POPULATIONS; REDUCTION AB Cladophora mats that accumulate and decompose along shorelines of the Great Lakes create potential threats to the health of humans and wildlife. The decaying algae create a low oxygen and redox potential environment favoring growth and persistence of anaerobic microbial populations, including Clostridium botulinum, the causal agent of botulism in humans, birds, and other wildlife. In addition to the diverse population of microbes, a dynamic chemical environment is generated, which involves production of numerous organic and inorganic substances, many of which are believed to be toxic to the sand and aquatic biotic communities. In this study, we used 16S-rDNA-based-amplicon sequencing and microfluidic-based quantitative PCR approaches to characterize the bacterial community structure and the abundances of human pathogens associated with Cladophora at different stages (up to 90 days) of algal decay in laboratory microcosms. Oxygen levels were largely depleted after a few hours of incubation. As Cladophora decayed, the algal microbial biodiversity decreased within 24 h, and the mat transitioned from an aerobic to anaerobic environment. There were increasing abundances of enteric and pathogenic bacteria during decomposition of Cladophora, including Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Kluyvera,Cedecea, and others. In contrast, there were no or very few sequences (< 0.07%) assigned to such groups in fresh Cladophora samples. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that the bacterial community structure was dynamic and changed significantly with decay time. Knowledge of microbial communities and chemical composition of decaying algal mats is critical to our further understanding of the role that Cladophora plays in a beach ecosystem's structure and function, including the algal role in trophic interactions. Based on these findings, public and environmental health concerns should be considered when decaying Cladophora mats accumulate Great Lakes shorelines. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All tights reserved. C1 [Chun, Chan Lan] Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Chun, Chan Lan] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Peller, Julie R.] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Chem, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Shively, Dawn; Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Chesterton, IN 46304 USA. [Staley, Christopher; Zhang, Qian; Ishii, Satoshi; Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Sadowsky, MJ (reprint author), Inst Biotechnol, 1479 Gartner Ave,140 Gartner Labs, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sadowsky@umn.edu RI Ishii, Satoshi/C-7000-2012; OI Ishii, Satoshi/0000-0003-3600-9165; Shively, Dawn/0000-0002-6119-924X FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPAR5-GL2010-1] FX This work was supported, in part, by a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPAR5-GL2010-1) to MJS and CLC. Next generation sequence data was processed and analyzed using the resources of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 574 BP 872 EP 880 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.107 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ED7ZA UT WOS:000389090100083 PM 27665447 ER PT J AU White, SJO Hussain, FA Hemond, HF Sacco, SA Shine, JP Runkel, RL Walton-Day, K Kimball, BA AF White, Sarah Jane O. Hussain, Fatima A. Hemond, Harold F. Sacco, Sarah A. Shine, James P. Runkel, Robert L. Walton-Day, Katherine Kimball, Briant A. TI The precipitation of indium at elevated pH in a stream influenced by acid mine drainage SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Emerging metal contaminant; Aqueous behavior; River; Sorption; Freshwater; Environmental cycling ID EVALUATING REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVES; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; NORTH QUEENSLAND; TIN OXIDE; FRACTIONATION; GALLIUM; MODEL; JAPAN; WATER AB Indium is an increasingly important metal in semiconductors and electronics and has uses in important energy technologies such as photovoltaic cells and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). One significant flux of indium to the environment is from lead, zinc, copper, and tin mining and smelting, but little is known about its aqueous behavior after it is mobilized. In this study, we use Mineral Creek, a headwater stream in southwestern Colorado severely affected by heavy metal contamination as a result of add mine drainage, as a natural laboratory to study the aqueous behavior of indium. At the existing pH of similar to 3, indium concentrations are 6-29 mu g/L (10,000x those found in natural rivers), and are completely filterable through a 0.45 pm filter. During a pH modification experiment, the pH of the system was raised to >8, and >99% of the indium became associated with the suspended solid phase (i.e. does not pass through a 0.45 pm filter). To determine the mechanism of removal of indium from the filterable and likely primarily dissolved phase, we conducted laboratory experiments to determine an upper bound for a sorption constant to iron oxides, and used this, along with other published thermodynamic constants, to model the partitioning of indium in Mineral Creek. Modeling results suggest that the removal of indium from the filterable phase is consistent with precipitation of indium hydroxide from a dissolved phase. This work demonstrates that nonferrous mining processes can be a significant source of indium to the environment, and provides critical information about the aqueous behavior of indium. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [White, Sarah Jane O.; Hussain, Fatima A.; Hemond, Harold F.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [White, Sarah Jane O.; Shine, James P.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [White, Sarah Jane O.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sacco, Sarah A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Runkel, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Walton-Day, Katherine] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kimball, Briant A.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP White, SJO (reprint author), MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sjowhite@princeton.edu OI White, Sarah Jane/0000-0002-4055-8207 FU NSF [CBET-0853866]; NSF SEES Fellowship [GEO-1215894]; MIT Earth Systems Initiative Ignition Grant; MIT Earth Systems Initiative Linden Graduate Fellowship; MIT Energy Initiative Martin Family Graduate Fellowship for Sustainability; MIT Undergraduate Research Opportunities; Princeton Environmental Institute; William E. Leonhard Professorship; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX We gratefully acknowledge Alan Shiller for alerting us to these interesting samples. Dan Giammar assisted with sorption constant modeling, Kristen Baroudi performed powder X-Ray Diffraction measurements, Matt Frith provided X-Ray Diffraction consultation, and William Fox provided helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by NSF Grant CBET-0853866, NSF SEES Fellowship GEO-1215894, and an MIT Earth Systems Initiative Ignition Grant. Additional support was provided by an MIT Earth Systems Initiative Linden Graduate Fellowship and an MIT Energy Initiative Martin Family Graduate Fellowship for Sustainability to S.J.W., MIT Undergraduate Research Opportunities funding to FAH., Princeton Environmental Institute internship funding to S.A.S., and by the William E. Leonhard Professorship to H.F.H. This project was additionally supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Robert Runkel, Katherine Walton-Day, and Briant Kimball did not materially contribute to the model application described in this publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 574 BP 1484 EP 1491 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.136 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ED7ZA UT WOS:000389090100139 PM 27650647 ER PT J AU Pradhananga, AK Davenport, MA Fulton, DC Maruyama, GM Current, D AF Pradhananga, Amit K. Davenport, Mae A. Fulton, David C. Maruyama, Geoffrey M. Current, Dean TI An Integrated Moral Obligation Model for Landowner Conservation Norms SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Human dimensions; pro-environmental behavior; social dilemma; watershed management ID PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR; PLANNED BEHAVIOR; INDIVIDUALISM-COLLECTIVISM; PROENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR; MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; PERSONAL NORM; DETERMINANTS; AWARENESS; ADOPTION; PARTICIPATION AB This study applies an integrated moral obligation model to examine the role of environmental and cultural values, and beliefs in the activation of landowner conservation norms. Data for this study were collected through a self-administered survey of riparian landowners in two Minnesota watersheds: Sand Creek and Vermillion River watersheds. Study findings suggest that collectivistic and biospheric-altruistic values form the bases for the activation of personal norms. Further, beliefs about local responsibility and ability to act influence personal norms to protect water resources. Findings suggest that landowners' personal norms of water conservation are more likely to be activated by conservation strategies that appeal to biospheric-altruistic and collectivistic values, emphasize adverse consequences of water pollution, highlight water resource protection as a local responsibility, and provide the resources needed to protect water resources. C1 [Pradhananga, Amit K.; Davenport, Mae A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fulton, David C.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fulton, David C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Maruyama, Geoffrey M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Educ Psychol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Current, Dean] Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resource & Agr Management, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Pradhananga, AK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM prad0047@umn.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) [06HQGR0093]; Office of the Vice President of Research, University of Minnesota FX The project was supported by funding from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) under Grant/Cooperative Agreement number 06HQGR0093. Additional funding was provided by the Office of the Vice President of Research, University of Minnesota. The contents of this article are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funders. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 EI 1521-0723 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2017 VL 30 IS 2 BP 212 EP 227 DI 10.1080/08941920.2016.1239289 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA ED1JC UT WOS:000388600500006 ER PT J AU Gottscho, AD Wood, DA Vandergast, AG Lemos-Espinal, J Gatesy, J Reeder, TW AF Gottscho, Andrew D. Wood, Dustin A. Vandergast, Amy G. Lemos-Espinal, Julio Gatesy, John Reeder, Tod W. TI Lineage diversification of fringe-toed lizards (Phrynosomatidae: Uma notata complex) in the Colorado Desert: Delimiting species in the presence of gene flow SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Coalescent; Conservation; Gene flow; RADseq; Species trees; Species delimitation ID HETEROGENEOUS EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES; CORRELATED ALLELE FREQUENCIES; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SAND LIZARDS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY; PLEISTOCENE DESERT AB Multi-locus nuclear DNA data were used to delimit species of fringe-toed lizards of the Uma notata complex, which are specialized for living in wind-blown sand habitats in the deserts of southwestern North America, and to infer whether Quaternary glacial cycles or Tertiary geological events were important in shaping the historical biogeography of this group. We analyzed ten nuclear loci collected using Sanger sequencing and genome-wide sequence/single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data collected using restriction-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing. A combination of species discovery methods (concatenated phylogenies, parametric and non-parametric clustering algorithms) and species validation approaches (coalescent-based species tree/isolation-with-migration models) were used to delimit species, infer phylogenetic relationships, and to estimate effective population sizes, migration rates, and speciation times. Uma notata, U. inornata, U. cowlesi, and an undescribed species from Mohawk Dunes, Arizona (U. sp.) were supported as distinct in the concatenated analyses and by clustering algorithms, and all operational taxonomic units were decisively supported as distinct species by ranking hierarchical nested speciation models with Bayes factors based on coalescent-based species tree methods. However, significant unidirectional gene flow (2NM > 1) from U. cowlesi and U. notata into U. rufopunctata was detected under the isolation-with-migration model. Therefore, we conservatively delimit four species-level lineages within this complex (U. inornata, U. notata, U. cowlesi, and U. sp.), treating U. rufopunctata as a hybrid population (U. notata x cowlesi). Both concatenated and coalescent-based estimates of speciation times support the hypotheses that speciation within the complex occurred during the late Pleistocene, and that the geological evolution of the Colorado River delta during this period was an important process shaping the observed phylogeographic patterns. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gottscho, Andrew D.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, 10th St & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Gottscho, Andrew D.; Reeder, Tod W.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Gottscho, Andrew D.; Gatesy, John] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, 900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Wood, Dustin A.; Vandergast, Amy G.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Lemos-Espinal, Julio] Iztacala UNAM, Ecol Lab, UBIPRO, Fac Estudios Super, Av Barrios 1, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. RP Gottscho, AD (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, 10th St & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM GottschoA@si.edu OI Vandergast, Amy/0000-0002-7835-6571; Wood, Dustin/0000-0002-7668-9911 FU University of California Institute for Mexico; United States; Anza-Borrego Foundation; Community Foundation (California Desert Legacy Grant); National Science Foundation [DEB 1406589] FX We thank Kevin de Queiroz, Jon Richmond, Kevin Burns, Cheryl Hayashi, Exequiel Ezcurra, Sean Harrington, John Andermann, Dean Leavitt, and two anonymous reviewers for critically reviewing this manuscript, Jimmy Rabbers for help collecting specimens, and Adam D. Leache Jared Grummer, Paul Maier, Mark Phuong, Evan McCartney-Melstad, Forest Rohwer, Steven Quistad, Liz Dins dale, and Megan Morris for assistance with laboratory work and/or data analyses. Robert Murphy (Royal Ontario Museum) loaned a sample of U. inornata (field number HSU150; voucher 1743CAP). We are grateful to the University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States (Dissertation Research Grant), the Anza-Borrego Foundation (Howie Wier Memorial Conservation Grant), the Community Foundation (California Desert Legacy Grant), and the National Science Foundation (Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant; DEB 1406589) for funding this research. Data analyses were performed in part on the UCR Biocluster (University of California, Riverside, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology). All work with live animals was approved under Animal Protocol Form (APF) 12-04-01OR at San Diego State University. NR 113 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 47 U2 47 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 106 BP 103 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.09.008 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA EC3XD UT WOS:000388059500010 PM 27640953 ER PT J AU Hou, BH Keeling, J Van Gosen, BS AF Hou, Baohong Keeling, John Van Gosen, Bradley S. TI Geological and Exploration Models of Beach Placer Deposits, Integrated from Case-Studies of Southern Australia SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE heavy mineral sands; beach placers; geology; exploration; sedimentary models; exploration methods; Australia ID EASTERN EUCLA BASIN; SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA; MURRAY BASIN; COASTAL-PLAIN; SEA-LEVEL; STRATIGRAPHIC SUCCESSION; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; MINERAL SANDS; EVOLUTION; PALAEOVALLEYS AB The processes leading to the formation of beach placer deposits generally begin inland and terminate at the coast, including source rocks being weathered, eroded and then transported by streams and rivers to the coast, where the sediments are deposited in a variety of coastal environments. The coastal sediments are reworked by the action of waves, tides, longshore currents and wind, which are effective processes for sorting the mineral grains based on differences in their size and density, resulting in laminated or lens-shaped packages of sediments up to tens of meters thick that are rich in heavy minerals. Detailed studies of sedimentary basins, as well as peripheral (paleo-)valleys that drained sediment source areas, are important tools in the exploration for heavy mineral resources. Knowledge of the ( paleo-)basin, associated valley architecture and the source of heavy minerals concentrated in the shorelines and valleys are useful guides to the potential for, and location of, economic deposits. Evidence from sedimentology can be combined with that from other geological and geophysical characteristics to arrive at a general reconstruction of basin and paleovalley architecture and depositional environments. Complex paleogeography of the shorelines can influence or determine the sites of heavy mineral concentration. Heavy mineral sands tend to concentrate in certain shoreline settings during storm activity. Repeated storm erosion and reworking over centuries (e.g., the southeastern coast of Australia) or millennia (e.g., the Eucla and Murray Basins of Australia) can progressively enrich heavy mineral sand deposits. Preservation of these deposits over a geological timeframe of millions of years can ensue through subsidence of coastal sediments, and during sea level change that results in either shorelines migrating inland (marine transgression) or seaward (marine regression), potentially burying or stranding earlier deposits or reworking them to form younger deposits. Refinements in remote sensing and geophysical techniques, data processing, sedimentology and computer-aided interpretations provide effective, economic and efficient methods for modeling coastal reconstructions and for exploring provinces and terrains prospective for heavy mineral sand deposits. Landscape topography analysis, combined with geophysical methods that can resolve physical property contrasts between the shoreline sediments and underlying sequences, are increasingly used in mineral exploration to locate and to reconstruct paleoshorelines and paleovalleys. Australia has modern and ancient beach-placer deposits, both of which show many similar geologic features. The formation of these heavy mineral deposits provides one of the best examples of applying knowledge of modern systems (e.g., the west and east coasts of Australia) as an analogue to interpret and understand the geology and form of ancient deposits (e.g., the Eucla and Murray Basins of southern Australia). This study provides descriptive and exploration models of Australia's heavy mineral sand deposits formed in coastal environments, which can be applied to similar settings worldwide. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hou, Baohong; Keeling, John] Geol Survey South Australia, Dept State Dev SA, GPO Box 1671, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. [Van Gosen, Bradley S.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Hou, BH (reprint author), Geol Survey South Australia, Dept State Dev SA, GPO Box 1671, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. EM baohong.hou@sa.gov.au OI Van Gosen, Bradley/0000-0003-4214-3811 FU GSSA; Adelaide University; Geoscience Australia; CSIRO; Murray Zircon Pty Ltd.; Iluka Resources Limited; Diatreme Resources Limited; Adelaide Resources; Dominion Exploration Limited, through CRC LEME FX This work has benefited from a number of our previous projects and collaborations, such as CRC LEME of Australia, GSSA, USGS and IGCP Project 514 projects, particularly supported by GSSA, Adelaide University, Geoscience Australia, CSIRO, Murray Zircon Pty Ltd., Iluka Resources Limited, Diatreme Resources Limited, Adelaide Resources, and Dominion Exploration Limited, through CRC LEME, and the help and guidance of numerous people within these organizations. The authors express their appreciation to all those who contributed to this study in one way or another. The assistance of various specialists from the organizations mentioned above in providing support with projects and for advice on data availability and material processes is gratefully acknowledged. NR 126 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 EI 1872-7360 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 80 BP 437 EP 459 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.07.016 PG 23 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA EB8FB UT WOS:000387625800025 ER PT J AU Hall, SM Mihalasky, MJ Tureck, KR Hammarstrom, JM Hannon, MT AF Hall, Susan M. Mihalasky, Mark J. Tureck, Kathleen R. Hammarstrom, Jane M. Hannon, Mark T. TI Genetic and grade and tonnage models for sandstone-hosted roll-type uranium deposits, Texas Coastal Plain, USA SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Uranium; Texas; Resources; Deposits; Genetic; Model ID OF-MEXICO BASIN; SOUTH TEXAS; SULFUR ISOTOPE; ORIGIN; ORE; MINERALIZATION; ACCUMULATION; EVOLUTION; MINERALS; DISTRICT AB The coincidence of a number of geologic and climatic factors combined to create conditions favorable for the development of mineable concentrations of uranium hosted by Eocene through Pliocene sandstones in the Texas Coastal Plain. Here 254 uranium occurrences, including 169 deposits, 73 prospects, 6 showings and 4 anomalies, have been identified. About 80 million pounds of U3O8 have been produced and about 60 million pounds of identified producible U3O8 remain in place. The development of economic roll-type uranium deposits requires a source, large-scale transport of uranium in groundwater, and deposition in reducing zones within a sedimentary sequence. The weight of the evidence supports a source from thick sequences of volcanic ash and volcaniclastic sediment derived mostly from the Trans-Pecos volcanic field and Sierra Madre Occidental that lie west of the region. The thickest accumulations of source material were deposited and preserved south and west of the San Marcos arch in the Catahoula Formation. By the early Oligocene, a formerly uniformly subtropical climate along the Gulf Coast transitioned to a zoned climate in which the southwestern portion of Texas Coastal Plain was dry, and the eastern portion humid. The more arid climate in the southwestern area supported weathering of volcanic ash source rocks during pedogenesis and early diagenesis, concentration of uranium in groundwater and movement through host sediments. During the middle Tertiary Era, abundant clastic sediments were deposited in thick sequences by bed-load dominated fluvial systems in long-lived channel complexes that provided transmissive conduits favoring transport of uranium-rich groundwater. Groundwater transported uranium through permeable sandstones that were hydrologically connected with source rocks, commonly across formation boundaries driven by isostatic loading and eustatic sea level changes. Uranium roll fronts formed as a result of the interaction of uranium-rich groundwater with either (1) organic-rich debris adjacent to large long-lived fluvial channels and barrier-bar sequences or (2) extrinsic reductants entrained in formation water or discrete gas that migrated into host units via faults and along the flanks of salt domes and shale diapirs. The southwestern portion of the region, the Rio Grande embayment, contains all the necessary factors required for roll-type uranium deposits. However, the eastern portion of the region, the Houston embayment, is challenged by a humid environment and a lack of source rock and transmissive units, which may combine to preclude the deposition of economic deposits. A grade and tonnage model for the Texas Coastal Plain shows that the Texas deposits represent a lower tonnage subset of roll-type deposits that occur around the world, and required aggregation of production centers into deposits based on geologic interpretation for the purpose of conducting a quantitative mineral resource assessment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hall, Susan M.; Hannon, Mark T.] US Geol Survey, Energy Resources Program, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mihalasky, Mark J.] US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Program, W 904 Riverside, Spokane, WA 99201 USA. [Hammarstrom, Jane M.] US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Program, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Tureck, Kathleen R.] US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Program, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hall, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Energy Resources Program, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM susanhall@usgs.gov; mjm@usgs.gov; ktureck@usgs.gov; jhammars@usgs.gov; mhannon@usgs.gov OI Hall, Susan M./0000-0002-0931-8694 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported through U.S. Geological Survey programmatic funding. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. NR 123 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 EI 1872-7360 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 80 BP 716 EP 753 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.06.013 PG 38 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA EB8FB UT WOS:000387625800040 ER PT J AU du Bray, EA AF du Bray, Edward A. TI Geochemical characteristics of igneous rocks associated with epithermal mineral deposits-A review SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Epithermal deposits; Igneous rocks; Geochemistry; Volcanology; Exploration ID ANCESTRAL-CASCADES ARC; HILLS VOLCANIC FIELD; MOUNT-ST-HELENS; GRANITIC-ROCKS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; WATER-CONTENT; CALIFORNIA; MAGMAS; MANTLE AB Newly synthesized data indicate that the geochemistry of igneous rocks associated with epithermal mineral deposits varies extensively and continuously from subalkaline basaltic to rhyolitic compositions. Trace element and isotopic data for these rocks are consistent with subduction-related magmatism and suggest that the primary source magmas were generated by partial melting of the mantle-wedge above subducting oceanic slabs. Broad geochemical and petrographic diversity of individual igneous rock units associated with epithermal deposits indicate that the associated magmas evolved by open-system processes. Following migration to shallow crustal reservoirs, these magmas evolved by assimilation, recharge, and partial homogenization; these processes contribute to arc magmatism worldwide. Although epithermal deposits with the largest Au and Ag production are associated with felsic to intermediate composition igneous rocks, demonstrable relationships between magmas having any particular composition and epithermal deposit genesis are completely absent because the composition of igneous rock units associated with epithermal deposits ranges from basalt to rhyolite. Consequently, igneous rock compositions do not constitute effective exploration criteria with respect to identification of terranes prospective for epithermal deposit formation. However, the close spatial and temporal association of igneous rocks and epithermal deposits does suggest a mutual genetic relationship. Igneous systems likely contribute heat and some of the fluids and metals involved in epithermal deposit formation. Accordingly, deposit formation requires optimization of source metal contents, appropriate fluid compositions and characteristics, structural features conducive to hydrothermal fluid flow and confinement, and receptive host rocks, but not magmas with special compositional characteristics. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [du Bray, Edward A.] US Geol Survey, DFC, MS 973,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP du Bray, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DFC, MS 973,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM edubray@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program FX The synthesis documented in this study was completed as part of the New Mineral Deposit Models for Gold, Phosphate Rare Earth Elements, and Placer Rare Earth Element-Titanium Resources Project funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program. Constructive reviews by J.L. Mauls and R.J. Goldfarb are much appreciated and helped clarify data interpretation. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 EI 1872-7360 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 80 BP 767 EP 783 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.08.023 PG 17 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA EB8FB UT WOS:000387625800042 ER PT J AU Corral, I Cardellach, E Corbella, M Canals, A Griera, A Gomez-Gras, D Johnson, CA AF Corral, Isaac Cardellach, Esteve Corbella, Merce Canals, Angels Griera, Albert Gomez-Gras, David Johnson, Craig A. TI Origin and evolution of mineralizing fluids and exploration of the Cerro Quema Au-Cu deposit (Azuero Peninsula, Panama) from a fluid inclusion and stable isotope perspective SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Cerro Quema; fluid inclusions; stable isotopes; alunite-pyrite; exploration ID PORPHYRY COPPER MINERALIZATION; FREEZING-POINT DEPRESSION; HYDROTHERMAL ORE-DEPOSITS; ACID-SULFATE ALTERATION; HYDROGEN ISOTOPE; OXYGEN ISOTOPE; CLAY-MINERALS; NEW-ZEALAND; AG DEPOSIT; GEOCHEMISTRY AB Cerro Quema is a high sulfidation epithermal Au-Cu deposit with a measured, indicated and inferred resource of 35.98 Mt. @ 0.77 g/t Au containing 893,600 oz. Au (including 183,930 oz. Au equiv. of Cu ore). It is characterized by a large hydrothermal alteration zone which is interpreted to represent the lithocap of a porphyry system. The innermost zone of the lithocap is constituted by vuggy quartz with advanced argillic alteration locally developed on its margin, enclosed by a well-developed zone of argillic alteration, grading to an external halo of propylitic alteration. The mineralization occurs in the form of disseminations and microveinlets of pyrite, chalcopyrite, enargite, tennantite, and trace sphalerite, crosscut by quartz, barite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena veins. Microthermometric analyses of two phase (L + V) secondary fluid inclusions in igneous quartz phenocrysts in vuggy quartz and advanced argillically altered samples indicate low temperature (140-216 degrees C) and low salinity (0.5-4.8 wt% NaCl eq.) fluids, with hotter and more saline fluids identified in the east half of the deposit (Cerro Quema area). Stable isotope analyses (S, O, H) were performed on mineralization and alteration minerals, including pyrite, chalcopyrite, enargite, alunite, barite, kaolinite, dickite and vuggy quartz. The range of delta S-34 of sulfides is from -4.8 to -12.7 parts per thousand, whereas delta(3)4S of sulfates range from 14.1 to 17.4 parts per thousand. The estimated delta S-34(Sigma S) of the hydrothermal fluid is -0.5 parts per thousand. Within the advanced argillic altered zone the delta S-34 values of sulfides and sulfates are interpreted to reflect isotopic equilibrium at temperatures of similar to 240 degrees C. The delta O-18 values of vuggy quartz range from 9.0 to 17.5 parts per thousand, and the delta O-18 values estimated for the vuggy quartz-forming fluid range from -2.3 to 3.0 parts per thousand, indicating that it precipitated from mixing of magmatic fluids with surficial fluids. The delta O-18 of kaolinite ranges from 12.7 to 18.1 parts per thousand and delta D from -103.3 to -35.2 parts per thousand, whereas the delta O-18 of dickite varies between 12.7 and 16.3 parts per thousand and delta D from -44 to -30. Based on delta O-18 and delta D, two types of kaolinite/dickite can be distinguished, a supergene type and a hypogene type. Combined, the analytical data indicate that the Cerro Quema deposit formed from magmatic-hydrothermal fluids derived from a porphyry copper-like intrusion located at depth likely towards the east of the deposit. The combination of stable isotope geochemistry and fluid inclusion analysis may provide useful exploration vectors for porphyry copper targets in the high sulfidation/lithocap environment. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Corral, Isaac; Cardellach, Esteve; Corbella, Merce; Griera, Albert; Gomez-Gras, David] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Geol, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Corral, Isaac] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, EGRU Econ Geol Res Ctr, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Canals, Angels] Univ Barcelona, Fac Geol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Johnson, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Corral, I (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Geol, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.; Corral, I (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, EGRU Econ Geol Res Ctr, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM I.Corral.Geo@gmail.com OI Gomez-Gras, David/0000-0002-8539-5739; Corral, Isaac/0000-0002-2173-3460 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Education [CGL2007-62,690/BTE]; Departament d'Universitats, Recerca i Societat de la Informacio (Generalitat de Catalunya); SEG Foundation; SEG Canada Foundation FX This study is part of the first author's Ph.D., performed within the framework of the Ph.D. program in Geology of the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. The research was supported through the research project CGL2007-62,690/BTE (Spanish Ministry of Science and Education), and a by a predoctoral grant from the "Departament d'Universitats, Recerca i Societat de la Informacio (Generalitat de Catalunya)". The corresponding author would like to express his gratitude to the SEG Foundation and the SEG Canada Foundation for the 2009, 2010 and 2011 Hugh E. McKinstry student research grants, which paid for part of the field and related laboratory research expenses. We thank Bellhaven Copper and Gold Inc. for access to mine samples and drill cores used in this study. We really appreciate help and support of Cayce A Gulbransen and George Breit in the understanding of the stable isotope analytical techniques and alunite separation/analytical techniques respectively. We also thank the helpful comments by Ryan Taylor (USGS reviewer) on the final manuscript draft. The manuscript significantly benefited from a thorough review and many constructive comments by Dr. Antonio Arribas and anonymous reviewer. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 EI 1872-7360 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 80 BP 947 EP 960 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.09.008 PG 14 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA EB8FB UT WOS:000387625800052 ER PT J AU Dundas, CM AF Dundas, Colin M. TI Effects of varying obliquity on Martian sublimation thermokarst landforms SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, surface; Mars, climate; Geological processes; Ices ID MARS; ICE; DIFFUSION; PLANITIA; UTOPIA AB Scalloped depressions in the Martian mid-latitudes are likely formed by sublimation of ice-rich ground. The stability of subsurface ice changes with the planetary obliquity, generally becoming less stable at lower axial tilt. As a result, the relative rates of sublimation and creep change over time. A landscape evolution model shows that these variations produce internal structure in scalloped depressions, commonly in the form of arcuate ridges, which emerge as depressions resume growth after pausing or slowing. In other scenarios, the formation of internal structure is minimal. Significant uncertainties in past climate and model parameters permit a range of scenarios. Ridges observed in some Martian scalloped depressions could date from obliquity lows or periods of low ice stability occurring <5 Ma, suggesting that the pits are young features and may be actively evolving. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Dundas, Colin M.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Dundas, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cdundas@usgs.gov FU Mars Fundamental Research Program [NNH13AV591] FX This work was funded by Mars Fundamental Research Program grant NNH13AV591. I thank Tim Haltigin, Jim Skinner, Michael Bland, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 22 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 281 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.08.031 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DY9TN UT WOS:000385478100009 ER PT J AU Nachon, M Mangold, N Forni, O Kah, LC Cousin, A Wiens, RC Anderson, R Blaney, D Blank, JG Calef, F Clegg, SM Fabre, C Fisk, MR Gasnault, O Grotzinger, JP Kronyak, R Lanza, NL Lasue, J Le Deit, L Le Mouelic, S Maurice, S Meslin, PY Oehler, DZ Payre, V Rapin, W Schroder, S Stack, K Sumner, D AF Nachon, M. Mangold, N. Forni, O. Kah, L. C. Cousin, A. Wiens, R. C. Anderson, R. Blaney, D. Blank, J. G. Calef, F. Clegg, S. M. Fabre, C. Fisk, M. R. Gasnault, O. Grotzinger, J. P. Kronyak, R. Lanza, N. L. Lasue, J. Le Deit, L. Le Mouelic, S. Maurice, S. Meslin, P. -Y. Oehler, D. Z. Payre, V. Rapin, W. Schroeder, S. Stack, K. Sumner, D. TI Chemistry of diagenetic features analyzed by ChemCam at Pahrump Hills, Gale crater, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars surface; Geological processes; Mineralogy ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; INSTRUMENT SUITE; ROVER; SULFATE; TARGETS; ROCKS; UNIT AB The Curiosity rover's campaign at Pahrump Hills provides the first analyses of lower Mount Sharp strata. Here we report ChemCam elemental composition of a diverse assemblage of post-depositional features embedded in, or cross-cutting, the host rock. ChemCam results demonstrate their compositional diversity, especially compared to the surrounding host rock: (i) Dendritic aggregates and relief enhanced features, characterized by a magnesium enhancement and sulfur detection, and interpreted as Mg-sulfates; (ii) A localized observation that displays iron enrichment associated with sulfur, interpreted as Fe-sulfate; (iii) Dark raised ridges with varying Mg- and Ca-enriched compositions compared to host rock; (iv) Several dark-toned veins with calcium enhancement associated with fluorine detection, interpreted as fluorite veins. (v) Light-toned veins with enhanced calcium associated with sulfur detection, and interpreted as Ca-sulfates. The diversity of the Pahrump Hills diagenetic assemblage suggests a complex post depositional history for fine-grained sediments for which the origin has been interpreted as fluvial and lacustrine. Assessment of the spatial and relative temporal distribution of these features shows that the Mg-sulfate features are predominant in the lower part of the section, suggesting local modification of the sediments by early diagenetic fluids. In contrast, light-toned Ca-sulfate veins occur in the whole section and cross-cut all other features. A relatively late stage shift in geochemical conditions could explain this observation. The Pahrump Hills diagenetic features have no equivalent compared to targets analyzed in other locations at Gale crater. Only the light-toned Ca-sulfate veins are present elsewhere, along Curiosity's path, suggesting they formed through a common late-stage process that occurred at over a broad area. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nachon, M.; Mangold, N.; Le Deit, L.; Le Mouelic, S.] Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, UMR6112, F-44322 Nantes, France. [Forni, O.; Cousin, A.; Gasnault, O.; Lasue, J.; Maurice, S.; Meslin, P. -Y.; Rapin, W.; Schroeder, S.] Univ Toulouse, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, UPS OMP, Toulouse, France. [Kah, L. C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. [Wiens, R. C.; Clegg, S. M.; Lanza, N. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Anderson, R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Blaney, D.; Calef, F.; Stack, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Blank, J. G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Fabre, C.; Payre, V.] Univ Lorraine, GeoRessources, Nancy, France. [Fisk, M. R.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Grotzinger, J. P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Oehler, D. Z.] NASA, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Div, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Schroeder, S.] Inst Opt Sensorsyst, German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Berlin, Germany. [Sumner, D.] Univ Calif Davis, Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Nachon, M (reprint author), Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, UMR6112, F-44322 Nantes, France. EM marion.nachon@univ-nantes.fr OI Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948 FU NASA's Mars Exploration Program; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales; Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers Nord Atlantique FX Data used in the study are available at the NASA Planetary Data System (https://pds.jpl.nasa.gov). We are grateful to the MSL and especially ChemCam science and engineering Teams for the data collection, which is supported in the US by NASA's Mars Exploration Program. We acknowledge Jean-Pierre Lorand (LPGNantes) for providing us with the NiS sample. We also acknowledge the IRAP and the CNES Team members for their contribution on the laboratory analysis. Insightful comments provided by two anonymous reviewers were appreciated. French authors are granted by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, and the Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers Nord Atlantique. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 281 BP 121 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.08.026 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DY9TN UT WOS:000385478100010 ER PT J AU Worthington, TA Zhang, TJ Logue, DR Mittelstet, AR Brewer, SK AF Worthington, Thomas A. Zhang, Tianjiao Logue, Daniel R. Mittelstet, Aaron R. Brewer, Shannon K. TI Landscape and flow metrics affecting the distribution of a federally-threatened fish: Improving management, model fit, and model transferability SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Natural flow regime; High flow pulses; Pelagophils; MaxEnt; Temporal transferability ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LIFE-HISTORY; REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY; PRESENCE-ABSENCE; PRAIRIE STREAMS; SMALLEYE SHINER; BRAZOS RIVER; PECOS RIVER AB Truncated distributions of pelagophilic fishes have been observed across the Great Plains of North America, with water use and landscape fragmentation implicated as contributing factors. Developing conservation strategies for these species is hindered by the existence of multiple competing flow regime hypotheses related to species persistence. Our primary study objective was to compare the predicted distributions of one pelagophil, the Arkansas River Shiner Notropis girardi, constructed using different flow regime metrics. Further, we investigated different approaches for improving temporal transferability of the species distribution model (SDM). We compared four hypotheses: mean annual flow (a baseline), the 75th percentile of daily flow, the number of zero-flow days, and the number of days above 55th percentile flows, to examine the relative importance of flows during the spawning period. Building on an earlier SDM, we added covariates that quantified wells in each catchment, point source discharges, and non-native species presence to a structured variable framework. We assessed the effects on model transferability and fit by reducing multicollinearity using Spearman's rank correlations, variance inflation factors, and principal component analysis, as well as altering the regularization coefficient (beta) within MaxEnt. The 75th percentile of daily flow was the most important flow metric related to structuring the species distribution. The number of wells and point source discharges were also highly ranked. At the default level of beta, model transferability was improved using all methods to reduce collinearity; however, at higher levels of beta, the correlation method performed best. Using beta=5 provided the best model transferability, while retaining the majority of variables that contributed 95% to the model. This study provides a workflow for improving model transferability and also presents water-management options that may be considered to improve the conservation status of pelagophils. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Worthington, Thomas A.; Logue, Daniel R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 007 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Zhang, Tianjiao] China Agr Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Modern Precis Agr Syst Integrat Res, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Mittelstet, Aaron R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, 117 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Mittelstet, Aaron R.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 245 LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Brewer, Shannon K.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 007 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Worthington, Thomas A.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Biosci, Sir Martin Evans Bldg,Museum Ave, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. RP Brewer, SK (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 007 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM shannon.brewer@okstate.edu NR 130 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 28 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 24 PY 2016 VL 342 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.09.016 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EC5DU UT WOS:000388154100001 ER PT J AU Erickson, RA Thogmartin, WE Diffendorfer, JE Russell, RE Szymanski, JA AF Erickson, Richard A. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Diffendorfer, Jay E. Russell, Robin E. Szymanski, Jennifer A. TI Effects of wind energy generation and white-nose syndrome on the viability of the Indiana bat SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Endangered species assessment; Full-annual-cycle; Migratory connectivity; Wind turbine mortality; White-nose syndrome; Population assessment; Indiana bat; Myotis sodalis ID EXTINCTION RISK; MORTALITY; MODELS; WILDLIFE; FARMS; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; VALIDATION; FACILITIES; FATALITY AB Wind energy generation holds the potential to adversely affect wildlife populations. Species-wide effects are difficult to study and few, if any, studies examine effects of wind energy generation on any species across its entire range. One species that may be affected by wind energy generation is the endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis), which is found in the eastern and midwestern United States. In addition to mortality from wind energy generation, the species also faces range-wide threats from the emerging infectious fungal disease, white-nose syndrome (WNS). White-nose syndrome, caused by Pseudogymnoascus destructans, disturbs hibernating bats leading to high levels of mortality. We used a spatially explicit full-annual-cycle model to investigate how wind turbine mortality and WNS may singly and then together affect population dynamics of this species. In the simulation, wind turbine mortality impacted the metapopulation dynamics of the species by causing extirpation of some of the smaller winter colonies. In general, effects of wind turbines were localized and focused on specific spatial subpopulations. Conversely, WNS had a depressive effect on the species across its range. Wind turbine mortality interacted with WNS and together these stressors had a larger impact than would be expected from either alone, principally because these stressors together act to reduce species abundance across the spectrum of population sizes. Our findings illustrate the importance of not only prioritizing the protection of large winter colonies as is currently done, but also of protecting metapopulation dynamics and migratory connectivity. C1 [Erickson, Richard A.; Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Diffendorfer, Jay E.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Russell, Robin E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Szymanski, Jennifer A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Endangered Species, Onalaska, WI USA. RP Erickson, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM rerickson@usgs.gov OI Erickson, Richard/0000-0003-4649-482X FU National Science Foundation through NSF Award [DBI-1300426]; University of Tennessee, Knoxville FX This work was assisted through participation in the Habitat for Migratory Species Working Group at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, sponsored by the National Science Foundation through NSF Award #DBI-1300426, with additional support from The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. This project was part of the US Geological Survey's Wind Energy Impacts Assessment Methodology (WEIAM) project. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 28 U2 28 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD DEC 22 PY 2016 VL 4 AR e2830 DI 10.7717/peerj.2830 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EG5OL UT WOS:000391093600015 PM 28028486 ER PT J AU Hinton, JW Proctor, C Kelly, MJ van Manen, FT Vaughan, MR Chamberlain, MJ AF Hinton, Joseph W. Proctor, Christine Kelly, Marcella J. van Manen, Frank T. Vaughan, Michael R. Chamberlain, Michael J. TI Space Use and Habitat Selection by Resident and Transient Red Wolves (Canis rufus) SO PLoS One LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-CAROLINA; HOME-RANGE SIZE; SCENT-MARKING; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; LARGE CARNIVORE; HYBRID ZONE; GRAY WOLVES; BODY-SIZE; WOLF; COYOTES AB Recovery of large carnivores remains a challenge because complex spatial dynamics that facilitate population persistence are poorly understood. In particular, recovery of the critically endangered red wolf (Canis rufus) has been challenging because of its vulnerability to extinction via human-caused mortality and hybridization with coyotes (Canis latrans). Therefore, understanding red wolf space use and habitat selection is important to assist recovery because key aspects of wolf ecology such as interspecific competition, foraging, and habitat selection are well-known to influence population dynamics and persistence. During 2009-2011, we used global positioning system (GPS) radio-telemetry to quantify space use and 3rd-order habitat selection for resident and transient red wolves on the Albemarle Peninsula of eastern North Carolina. The Albemarle Peninsula was a predominantly agricultural landscape in which red wolves maintained spatially stable home ranges that varied between 25 km(2) and 190 km(2). Conversely, transient red wolves did not maintain home ranges and traversed areas between 122 km(2) and 681 km(2). Space use by transient red wolves was not spatially stable and exhibited shifting patterns until residency was achieved by individual wolves. Habitat selection was similar between resident and transient red wolves in which agricultural habitats were selected over forested habitats. However, transients showed stronger selection for edges and roads than resident red wolves. Behaviors of transient wolves are rarely reported in studies of space use and habitat selection because of technological limitations to observed extensive space use and because they do not contribute reproductively to populations. Transients in our study comprised displaced red wolves and younger dispersers that competed for limited space and mating opportunities. Therefore, our results suggest that transiency is likely an important life-history strategy for red wolves that facilitates metapopulation dynamics through short- and long-distance movements and eventual replacement of breeding residents lost to mortality. C1 [Hinton, Joseph W.; Chamberlain, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Proctor, Christine; Kelly, Marcella J.; Vaughan, Michael R.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA USA. [van Manen, Frank T.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Hinton, JW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jhinton@uga.edu FU North Carolina Department of Transportation VT - NCDOT [09-0776-10]; Warnell of School of Forestry and Natural Resources FX This work was supported by the North Carolina Department of Transportation VT - NCDOT Contract No. 09-0776-10. Publication fees were covered by the Warnell of School of Forestry and Natural Resources. NR 82 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 21 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 12 AR e0167603 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0167603 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EI9TW UT WOS:000392853100015 PM 28002495 ER PT J AU Sherburne, JJ Anaya, AM Fernie, KJ Forbey, JS Furlong, ET Kolpin, DW Dufty, AM Kinney, CA AF Sherburne, Jessica J. Anaya, Amanda M. Fernie, Kim J. Forbey, Jennifer S. Furlong, Edward T. Kolpin, Dana W. Dufty, Alfred M. Kinney, Chad A. TI Occurrence of Triclocarban and Triclosan in an Agro-ecosystem Following Application of Biosolids SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; PHARMACEUTICALS; BIOACCUMULATION; CONTAMINANTS; ENVIRONMENT; PRODUCTS; EXPOSURE; SLUDGE; PLANTS AB Triclocarban (TCC) and triclosan (TCS), two of the most commonly used antimicrobial compounds, can be introduced into ecosystems by applying wastewater treatment plant biosolids to agricultural fields. Concentrations of TCC and TCS were measured in different trophic levels within a terrestrial food web encompassing land-applied biosolids, soil, earthworms (Lumbricus), deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), and eggs of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and American kestrels (Falco sparverius) at an experimental site amended with biosolids for the previous 7 years. The samples from this site were compared to the same types of samples from a reference (biosolids-free) agricultural site. Inter-site comparisons showed that concentrations of both antimicrobials were higher on the experimental site in the soil, earthworms, mice (livers), and European starling eggs, but not American kestrel eggs, compared to the control site. Inter-species comparisons on the experimental site indicated significantly higher TCC concentrations in mice (TCC: 12.6-33.3 ng/g) and in starling eggs (TCC: 15.4-31.4 ng/g) than in kestrel eggs (TCC: 3.6 ng/g). Nesting success of kestrels only was significantly lower on the experimental site compared to the reference site due to nest abandonment. This study demonstrates that biosolids-derived TCC and TCS are present throughout the terrestrial food web, including secondary (e.g., starlings) and tertiary (i.e., kestrels) consumers, after repeated, long-term biosolids application. C1 [Sherburne, Jessica J.; Fernie, Kim J.; Forbey, Jennifer S.; Dufty, Alfred M.] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 1900 Univ Dr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Anaya, Amanda M.; Kinney, Chad A.] Colorado State Univ Pueblo, Dept Chem, 2200 Bonforte Blvd, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. [Fernie, Kim J.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada. [Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 95, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, 400 South Clinton St, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. RP Kinney, CA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ Pueblo, Dept Chem, 2200 Bonforte Blvd, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. EM chad.kinney@csupueblo.edu OI Fernie, Kim/0000-0003-3073-3208 FU Colorado State University-Pueblo Seed Grant; College of Science and Mathematics; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; Sigma Xi Grant-In-Aid of Research, Raptor Research Center; Department of Biological Sciences at Boise State University; Environment and Climate Change Canada FX This work was supported by funding from a Colorado State University-Pueblo Seed Grant and funding from the College of Science and Mathematics; support from the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, Sigma Xi Grant-In-Aid of Research, Raptor Research Center and the Department of Biological Sciences at Boise State University, and Environment and Climate Change Canada. The use of trade, firm, or brand names in this paper is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the authors or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 20 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 24 BP 13206 EP 13214 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b01834 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF8ZQ UT WOS:000390620900005 PM 27993073 ER PT J AU Guo, J Venier, M Romanak, K Westenbroek, S Hites, RA AF Guo, Jiehong Venier, Marta Romanak, Kevin Westenbroek, Stephen Hites, Ronald A. TI Identification of Marbon in the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DECHLORANE PLUS; FLAME RETARDANTS; GREAT-LAKES; SEDIMENT; ONTARIO; ENVIRONMENT; TRENDS; FISH AB Marbon is isomeric with Dechlorane Plus (DP). Both are produced by the Diels-Alder condensation of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with cyclic dienes, and both have elemental compositions of C18H12Cl12. Dechlorane Plus is commonly found in the environment throughout the world, but Marbon has, so far, only been detected at low levels in one sediment core collected near the mouth of the Niagara River in Lake Ontario. Here we report on the concentrations of Marbon and anti-DP in 59 water samples from five Lake Michigan tributaries [the Grand, Kalamazoo, St. Joseph, and Lower Fox Rivers, and the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal (IHSC)], 10 surface sediment samples from the IHSC, and 2 surface sediment samples from the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. Three Marbon diastereomers were detected in the water and sediment samples from the IHSC, which is far from the location of its previous detection in Lake Ontario. The sum of the concentrations of the three Marbons was greater in the water from the IHSC (N = 11, median =150 pg/L) compared to those in water from the other four tributaries (N = 11-13, medians =0.9-2.0 pg/L). Marbon concentrations in sediment samples from the IHSC were up to 450 ng/g dry weight. Anti-DP was also measured for comparison. Its concentrations were not significantly different among the water samples, but its sediment concentrations in the IHSC were significantly correlated with those of Marbon. The source of Marbon contamination in the IHSC is not clear. C1 [Guo, Jiehong; Venier, Marta; Romanak, Kevin; Hites, Ronald A.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Westenbroek, Stephen] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Hites, RA (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM HitesR@Indiana.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes National Program Office as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX Funding for this project was provided by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes National Program Office as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. We thank the site operators Brian Heissenberger, David Housner, Thomas Weaver, and Derrick Hubbell for collecting the water samples; Andres Martinez and Ken Hornbuckle from the University of Iowa for the IHSC sediment samples; and Christina Gouliaras from Toronto Research Chemicals for helpful discussions. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 20 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 24 BP 13232 EP 13238 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b04646 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF8ZQ UT WOS:000390620900008 PM 27993042 ER PT J AU Downing, BD Bergamaschi, BA Kendall, C Kraus, TEC Dennis, KJ Carter, JA Von Dessonneck, TS AF Downing, Bryan D. Bergamaschi, Brian A. Kendall, Carol Kraus, Tamara E. C. Dennis, Kate J. Carter, Jeffery A. Von Dessonneck, Travis S. TI Using Continuous Underway Isotope Measurements To Map Water Residence Time in Hydrodynamically Complex Tidal Environments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RING-DOWN SPECTROMETRY; DELTA-D; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATER; ESTUARY; PRECIPITATION; BAY; CYANOBACTERIA; FLUORESCENCE AB Stable isotopes present in water (delta H-2, delta O-18) have been used extensively to evaluate hydrological processes on the basis of parameters such as evaporation, precipitation, mixing, and residence time. In estuarine aquatic habitats, residence time (tau) is a major driver of biogeochemical processes, affecting trophic subsidies and conditions in fish-spawning habitats. But tau is highly variable in estuaries, owing to constant changes in river inflows, tides, wind, and water height, all of which combine to affect tau in unpredictable ways. It recently became feasible to measure delta H-2 and delta O-18 continuously, at a high sampling frequency (1 Hz), using diffusion sample introduction into a cavity ring-down spectrometer. To better understand the relationship of tau to biogeochemical processes in a dynamic estuarine system, we continuously measured delta H-2 and delta O-18, nitrate and water quality parameters, on board a small, high-speed boat (5 to >10 m s(-1)) fitted with a hull-mounted underwater intake. We then calculated tau as is,classically done using the isotopic signals of evaporation. The result was high-resolution (similar to 10 m) maps of residence time, nitrate, and other parameters that showed strong spatial gradients corresponding to geomorphic attributes of the different channels in the area. The mean measured value of tau was 30.5 d, with a range of 0-50 d. We used the measured spatial gradients in both tau and nitrate to calculate whole-ecosystem uptake rates, and the values ranged from 0.006 to 0.039 d(-1). The capability to measure residence time over single tidal cycles in estuaries will be useful for evaluating and further understanding drivers of phytoplankton abundance, resolving differences attributable to mixing and water sources, explicitly calculating biogeochemical rates, and exploring the complex linkages among time-dependent biogeochemical processes in hydrodynamically complex environments such as estuaries. C1 [Downing, Bryan D.; Bergamaschi, Brian A.; Kraus, Tamara E. C.; Von Dessonneck, Travis S.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Kendall, Carol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Dennis, Kate J.; Carter, Jeffery A.] Picarro Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. RP Downing, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM bdowning@usgs.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) study of the physical and biological processes that influence habitat quality for delta smelt and other imperiled fish populations FX This work was funded as part of a U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) study of the physical and biological processes that influence habitat quality for delta smelt and other imperiled fish populations. This study would not have been possible without the assistance of key personnel from the USGS California Water Science Center. Special thanks go to Katy O'Donnell, Scott Nagel, Angela Hansen, and Erica Schmidt for field and laboratory assistance. We also thank Brian Pellerin and Fred Feyrer for their insightful reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript and Larry Brown and many others for their helpful discussions. The use of brand or firm names in this paper is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 20 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 24 BP 13387 EP 13396 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b05745 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF8ZQ UT WOS:000390620900026 PM 27993035 ER PT J AU DeVries, PMR Evans, EL AF DeVries, Phoebe M. R. Evans, Eileen L. TI Statistical tests of simple earthquake cycle models SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE earthquake cycle; hypothesis testing; viscoelastic; rheology ID SAN-ANDREAS-FAULT; NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT; CALIFORNIA SHEAR ZONE; HOLOCENE SLIP RATE; ALTYN-TAGH FAULT; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; DEAD-SEA TRANSFORM; ART. NO. B05403; 17 AUGUST 1999; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA AB A central goal of observing and modeling the earthquake cycle is to forecast when a particular fault may generate an earthquake: a fault late in its earthquake cycle may be more likely to generate an earthquake than a fault early in its earthquake cycle. Models that can explain geodetic observations throughout the entire earthquake cycle may be required to gain a more complete understanding of relevant physics and phenomenology. Previous efforts to develop unified earthquake models for strike-slip faults have largely focused on explaining both preseismic and postseismic geodetic observations available across a few faults in California, Turkey, and Tibet. An alternative approach leverages the global distribution of geodetic and geologic slip rate estimates on strike-slip faults worldwide. Here we use the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for similarity of distributions to infer, in a statistically rigorous manner, viscoelastic earthquake cycle models that are inconsistent with 15 sets of observations across major strike-slip faults. We reject a large subset of two-layer models incorporating Burgers rheologies at a significance level of =0.05 (those with long-term Maxwell viscosities (M)similar to 4.6x10(20)Pas) but cannot reject models on the basis of transient Kelvin viscosity (K). Finally, we examine the implications of these results for the predicted earthquake cycle timing of the 15 faults considered and compare these predictions to the geologic and historical record. C1 [DeVries, Phoebe M. R.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Evans, Eileen L.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP DeVries, PMR (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM phoeberobinson@fas.harvard.edu FU Harvard University; Department of Energy Computational Science Graduate Fellowship Program of the Office of Science; National Nuclear Security Administration in the Department of Energy [DE-FG02-97ER25308] FX We thank Kaj Johnson, an anonymous reviewer, and Editor Andrew Newman for constructive comments about this manuscript that led to substantial improvements. We also thank Fred Pollitz, Sarah Minson, and Keith Knudsen for their thoughtful suggestions. All data referred to in this paper are properly cited and referred to in the reference list. This work was supported by Harvard University and the Department of Energy Computational Science Graduate Fellowship Program of the Office of Science and National Nuclear Security Administration in the Department of Energy under contract DE-FG02-97ER25308. NR 96 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 23 BP 12036 EP 12045 DI 10.1002/2016GL070681 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EI5DU UT WOS:000392515000040 ER PT J AU Toohey, RC Herman-Mercer, NM Schuster, PF Mutter, EA Koch, JC AF Toohey, R. C. Herman-Mercer, N. M. Schuster, P. F. Mutter, E. A. Koch, J. C. TI Multidecadal increases in the Yukon River Basin of chemical fluxes as indicators of changing flowpaths, groundwater, and permafrost SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Yukon River; surface water biogeochemistry; permafrost; time series analysis; groundwater; boreal ID BOREAL CATCHMENT UNDERLAIN; NEAR-SURFACE PERMAFROST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ACTIVE LAYER; ARCTIC-OCEAN; LANDSCAPE CONTROLS; THAW DEPTH; ALASKA; CANADA; GEOCHEMISTRY AB The Yukon River Basin, underlain by discontinuous permafrost, has experienced a warming climate over the last century that has altered air temperature, precipitation, and permafrost. We investigated a water chemistry database from 1982 to 2014 for the Yukon River and its major tributary, the Tanana River. Significant increases of Ca, Mg, and Na annual flux were found in both rivers. Additionally, SO4 and P annual flux increased in the Yukon River. No annual trends were observed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from 2001 to 2014. In the Yukon River, Mg and SO4 flux increased throughout the year, while some of the most positive trends for Ca, Mg, Na, SO4, and P flux occurred during the fall and winter months. Both rivers exhibited positive monthly DOC flux trends for summer (Yukon River) and winter (Tanana River). These trends suggest increased active layer expansion, weathering, and sulfide oxidation due to permafrost degradation throughout the Yukon River Basin. C1 [Toohey, R. C.] Alaska Climate Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Herman-Mercer, N. M.; Schuster, P. F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. [Mutter, E. A.] Yukon River Inter Tribal Watershed Council, Anchorage, AK USA. [Koch, J. C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Toohey, RC (reprint author), Alaska Climate Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rtoohey@usgs.gov OI Koch, Joshua/0000-0001-7180-6982; Herman-Mercer, Nicole/0000-0001-5933-4978; Schuster, Paul/0000-0002-8314-1372; Toohey, Ryan/0000-0001-8248-5045 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council; Administration for Native Americans; Environmental Protection Agency; National Science Foundation [1020417]; Pilot Station Traditional Council FX USGS water chemistry and discharge data within this paper can be found at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis. YRITWC water chemistry data and its quality assessment can be found at http://wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/SWC_Yukon/YukonRiverBasin/. Wet deposition and precipitation data can be found at http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council, Administration for Native Americans, Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Science Foundation (1020417). Thank you for support and assistance from Pilot Station Traditional Council. Thank you to Michelle A. Walvoord and two anonymous reviewers for providing constructive review of this study. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 23 BP 12120 EP 12130 DI 10.1002/2016GL070817 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EI5DU UT WOS:000392515000010 ER PT J AU Gulbrandsen, ML Minsley, BJ Ball, LB Hansen, TM AF Gulbrandsen, Mats Lundh Minsley, Burke J. Ball, Lyndsay B. Hansen, Thomas Mejer TI Semiautomatic mapping of permafrost in the Yukon Flats, Alaska SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE permafrost mapping; airborne electromagnetic data; machine learning ID INTERIOR ALASKA; AREAL EXTENT; CARBON LOSS; RESISTIVITY; TUNDRA; FIRE; THAW AB Thawing of permafrost due to global warming can have major impacts on hydrogeological processes, climate feedback, arctic ecology, and local environments. To understand these effects and processes, it is crucial to know the distribution of permafrost. In this study we exploit the fact that airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data are sensitive to the distribution of permafrost and demonstrate how the distribution of permafrost in the Yukon Flats, Alaska, is mapped in an efficient (semiautomatic) way, using a combination of supervised and unsupervised (machine) learning algorithms, i.e., Smart Interpretation and K-means clustering. Clustering is used to sort unfrozen and frozen regions, and Smart Interpretation is used to predict the depth of permafrost based on expert interpretations. This workflow allows, for the first time, a quantitative and objective approach to efficiently map permafrost based on large amounts of AEM data. C1 [Gulbrandsen, Mats Lundh; Hansen, Thomas Mejer] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Solid Earth Phys, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Minsley, Burke J.; Ball, Lyndsay B.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Gulbrandsen, ML (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Solid Earth Phys, Copenhagen, Denmark. EM mats.lundh@nbi.ku.dk OI Gulbrandsen, Mats Lundh/0000-0002-5079-8220; Ball, Lyndsay/0000-0002-6356-4693; Hansen, Thomas Mejer/0000-0003-4529-0112; Minsley, Burke/0000-0003-1689-1306 FU Danish High Technology Foundation [113-2013-1]; University of Copenhagen FX This study is partly financed by the Danish High Technology Foundation (journal number: 113-2013-1) and partly by the University of Copenhagen, and as far as we understand there is no potential conflict of interest. The AEM data used in this study can be accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1304/[Ball et al., 2011]. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 23 BP 12131 EP 12137 DI 10.1002/2016GL071334 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EI5DU UT WOS:000392515000029 ER PT J AU Demopoulos, AWJ Bourque, JR Cordes, E Stamler, KM AF Demopoulos, Amanda W. J. Bourque, Jill R. Cordes, Erik Stamler, Katherine M. TI Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on deep-sea coral-associated sediment communities SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Cold-water corals; Oil spill; Sediment communities; Deepwater Horizon; Macrofauna; Meiofauna ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NEMATODE-COPEPOD RATIO; ROCKALL TROUGH MARGIN; LOUISIANA SALT-MARSH; PRODUCTION PLATFORMS; METAZOAN MEIOFAUNA; MEIOBENTHIC-COPEPOD; CARBONATE-MOUND; ATLANTIC-OCEAN AB Cold-water corals support distinct populations of infauna within surrounding sediments that provide vital ecosystem functions and services in the deep sea. Yet due to their sedentary existence, infauna are vulnerable to perturbation and contaminant exposure because they are unable to escape disturbance events. While multiple deep-sea coral habitats were injured by the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, the extent of adverse effects on coral-associated sediment communities is unknown. In 2011, sediments were collected adjacent to several coral habitats located 6 to 183 km from the wellhead in order to quantify the extent of impact of the DWH spill on infaunal communities. Higher variance in macrofaunal abundance and diversity, and different community structure (higher multivariate dispersion) were associated with elevated hydrocarbon concentrations and contaminants at sites closest to the wellhead (MC294, MC297, and MC344), consistent with impacts from the spill. In contrast, variance in meiofaunal diversity was not significantly related to distance from the wellhead and no other community metric (e.g. density or multivariate dispersion) was correlated with contaminants or hydrocarbon concentrations. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) provided the best statistical explanation for observed macrofaunal community structure, while depth and presence of fine-grained mud best explained meiofaunal community patterns. Impacts associated with contaminants from the DWH spill resulted in a patchwork pattern of infaunal community composition, diversity, and abundance, highlighting the role of variability as an indicator of disturbance. These data represent a useful baseline for tracking post-spill recovery of these deep-sea communities. C1 [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.; Bourque, Jill R.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Cordes, Erik] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Stamler, Katherine M.] US Geol Survey, Cherokee Nation Technol Solut, Wetland & Aquat Res, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Demopoulos, AWJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM ademopoulos@usgs.gov FU NOAA's Office of Response and Restoration as part of the NRDA; USGS OCS Environments program FX NOAA's Office of Response and Restoration provided funding for this research as part of the NRDA for the DWH oil spill. Additional funding was provided to A.W.J.D. from the USGS OCS Environments program. This manuscript was subject to internal review, and the authors thank Rob Ricker (NOAA), Christopher Lewis (IEc), Gwendolyn McCarthy (NOAA), the crew of the Holiday Chouest, Chuck Fisher and his lab. Additionally, special thanks go out to J. McClain-Counts, J. Frometa, W. Jenkins, and the rest of the USGS Benthic Ecology Group for assistance at sea, sample sorting, and thoughtful discussions during the preparation of this manuscript. We also thank 3 anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 561 BP 51 EP 68 DI 10.3354/meps11905 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EH3TV UT WOS:000391695800004 ER PT J AU Engel, JM Ma, L Sak, PB Gaillardet, J Ren, MH Engle, MA Brantley, SL AF Engel, Jacqueline M. Ma, Lin Sak, Peter B. Gaillardet, Jerome Ren, Minghua Engle, Mark A. Brantley, Susan L. TI Quantifying chemical weathering rates along a precipitation gradient on Basse-Terre Island, French Guadeloupe: New insight from U-series isotopes in weathering rinds SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE U-series isotopes; Weathering rinds; Weathering rates; Precipitation; French Guadeloupe ID LESSER-ANTILLES ARC; MASS-BALANCE; U-238-U-234-TH-230 DISEQUILIBRIA; LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS; FEEDBACK MECHANISM; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER; CO2 CONSUMPTION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; CARBON-CYCLE AB Inside soil and saprolite, rock fragments can form weathering clasts (alteration rinds surrounding an unweathered core) and these weathering rinds provide an excellent field system for investigating the initiation of weathering and long term weathering rates. Recently, uranium-series (U-series) disequilibria have shown great potential for determining rind formation rates and quantifying factors controlling weathering advance rates in weathering rinds. To further investigate whether the U-series isotope technique can document differences in long term weathering rates as a function of precipitation, we conducted a new weathering rind study on tropical volcanic Basse-Terre Island in the Lesser Antilles Archipelago. In this study, for the first time we characterized weathering reactions and quantified weathering advance rates in multiple weathering rinds across a steep precipitation gradient. Electron microprobe (EMP) point measurements, bulk major element contents, and U-series isotope compositions were determined in two weathering clasts from the Deshaies watershed with mean annual precipitation (MAP) = 1800 mm and temperature (MAT) = 23 degrees C. On these clasts, five corerind transects were measured for locations with different curvature (high, medium, and low) of the rind-core boundary. Results reveal that during rind formation the fraction of elemental loss decreases in the order: Ca approximate to Na > K approximate to Mg > Si approximate to Al > Zr approximate to Ti approximate to Fe. Such observations are consistent with the sequence of reactions after the initiation of weathering: specifically, glass matrix and primary minerals (plagioclase, pyroxene) weather to produce Fe oxyhydroxides, gibbsite and minor kaolinite. Uranium shows addition profiles in the rind due to the infiltration of U-containing soil pore water into the rind as dissolved U phases. U is then incorporated into the rind as Fe-Al oxides precipitate. Such processes lead to significant U-series isotope disequilibria in the rinds. This is the first time that multiple weathering clasts from the same watershed were analyzed for U-series isotope disequlibrian and show consistent results. The U-series disequilibria allowed for the determination of rind formation ages and weathering advance rates with a U-series mass balance model. The weathering advance rates generally decreased with decreasing curvature: similar to 0.17 +/- 0.10 mm/kyr for high curvature, similar to 0.12 +/- 0.05 mm/kyr for medium curvature, and similar to 0.11 +/- 0.04, 0.08 +/- 0.03, 0.06 +/- 0.03 mm/kyr for low curvature locations. The observed positive correlation between the curvature and the weathering rates is well supported by predictions of weathering models, i.e., that the curvature of the rind-core boundary controls the porosity creation and weathering advance rates at the clast scale. At the watershed scale, the new weathering advance rates derived on the low curvature transects for the relatively dry Deshaies watershed (average rate of 0.08 mm/kyr; MAP = 1800 mm and MAT = 23 degrees C) are similar to 60% slower than the rind formation rates previously determined in the much wetter Bras David watershed (similar to 0.18 mm/kyr, low curvature transect; MAP = 3400 mm and MAT = 23 degrees C) also on Basse-Terre Island. Thus, a doubling of MAP roughly correlates with a doubling of weathering advance rate. The new rind study highlights the effect of precipitation on weathering rates over a time scale of similar to 100 kyr. Weathering rinds are thus a suitable system for investigating long-term chemical weathering across environmental gradients, complementing short-term riverine solute fluxes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Engel, Jacqueline M.; Ma, Lin] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Sak, Peter B.] Dickinson Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. [Gaillardet, Jerome] Inst Phys Globe Paris, Paris, France. [Ren, Minghua] Univ Nevada Las Vegas, Dept Geosci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Engle, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM lma@utep.edu RI GAILLARDET, Jerome/F-9096-2010; OI GAILLARDET, Jerome/0000-0001-7982-1159; Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374 FU National Science Foundation [EAR1251952, EAR1251969, EAR1251875]; Institut Universitaire de France FX This research was funded by the National Science Foundation grants EAR1251952 to L.M., EAR1251969 to P.B.S., and EAR1251875 to S.L.B., and. We thank Celine Dessert (IPGP) and L'Observatoire Volcanologique et Sismologique de Guadeloupe (IPGP) for providing logistical support. L.M. also acknowledged analytical assistant of Dr. Adam Ianno from Center of Earth and Environmental Isotope Research at UTEP. J.G. has benefited from a grant from Institut Universitaire de France. We thank Julien Bouchez and Johanna Noireaux (IPGP) for their help in the field and fruitful discussions. We also thank Sebastien Lambert from the Societe Antillaise de Granulats in French Guadeloupe for the great logistical support. NR 109 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 195 BP 29 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2016.08.040 PG 39 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EG3QD UT WOS:000390958900002 ER PT J AU Phillips, EH Sims, KWW Sherrod, DR Salters, VJM Blusztajn, J Dulai, H AF Phillips, Erin H. Sims, Kenneth W. W. Sherrod, David R. Salters, Vincent J. M. Blusztajn, Jurek Dulai, Henrietta TI Isotopic constraints on the genesis and evolution of basanitic lavas at Haleakala, Island of Maui, Hawaii SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Haleakala; Hawaii; Postshield volcanism; Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes; U-series ID SCIENTIFIC DRILLING PROJECT; PUU OO ERUPTION; MANTLE HETEROGENEITY BENEATH; REJUVENATED-STAGE VOLCANISM; MELT GENERATION BENEATH; TH-PA-RA; TRACE-ELEMENT; KILAUEA VOLCANO; GARNET PYROXENITE; EAST MAUI AB To understand the dynamics of solid mantle upwelling and melting in the Hawaiian plume, we present new major and trace element data, Nd, Sr, Hf, and Pb isotopic compositions, and U-238-Th-230-Ra-226 and U-235-Pa-231-Ac-227 activities for 13 Haleakala Crater nepheline normative basanites with ages ranging from similar to 900 to 4100 yr B.P. These basanites of the Hana Volcanics exhibit an enrichment in incompatible trace elements and a more depleted isotopic signature than similarly aged Hawaiian shield lavas from Kilauea and Mauna Loa. Here we posit that as the Pacific lithosphere beneath the active shield volcanoes moves away from the center of the Hawaiian plume, increased incorporation of an intrinsic depleted component with relatively low Pb-206/Pb-204 produces the source of the basanites of the Hana Volcanics. Haleakala Crater basanites have average (Th-230/U-238) of 1.23 (n = 13), average age-corrected (Ra-226/Th-230) of 1.25 (n = 13), and average (Pa-231/U-235) of 1.67 (n = 4), significantly higher than Kilauea and Mauna Loa tholeiites. U-series modeling shows that solid mantle upwelling velocity for Haleakala Crater basanites ranges from similar to 0.7 to 1.0 cm/yr, compared to similar to 10 to 20 cm/yr for tholeiites and similar to 1 to 2 cm/yr for alkali basalts. These modeling results indicate that solid mantle upwelling rates and porosity of the melting zone are lower for Hana Volcanics basanites than for shield-stage tholeiites from Kilauea and Mauna Loa and alkali basalts from Hualalai. The melting rate, which is directly proportional to both the solid mantle upwelling rate and the degree of melting, is therefore greatest in the center of the Hawaiian plume and lower on its periphery. Our results indicate that solid mantle upwelling velocity is at least 10 times higher at the center of the plume than at its periphery under Haleakala. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Phillips, Erin H.; Sims, Kenneth W. W.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Sherrod, David R.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Salters, Vincent J. M.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Salters, Vincent J. M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Blusztajn, Jurek] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Dulai, Henrietta] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Phillips, EH (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM ephilli8@uwyo.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0001924, EAR-9909473]; University of Wyoming Department of Geology and Geophysics; Wyoming NASA Space Grant Consortium; Uranium-series Symposium FX Funding for this project was provided by National Science Foundation grants EAR-0001924 and EAR-9909473 to KWWS. The University of Wyoming Department of Geology and Geophysics, the Wyoming NASA Space Grant Consortium, and the Uranium-series Symposium 2014 provided travel funds to EHP to present results of this research. Matthew Jull is thanked for assistance with fieldwork and Glenn Gaetani is acknowledged for providing thoughtful insights. We thank Terry Plank and colleagues at Boston University for analyzing the major and trace element concentrations. Associate Editor Fred Frey, Andreas Stracke, Aaron Pietruszka, and an anonymous reviewer provided constructive reviews that significantly improved the manuscript. Marc Norman and Shichun Huang are also thanked for editorial handling. NR 154 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 195 BP 201 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2016.08.017 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EG3QD UT WOS:000390958900011 ER PT J AU Wright, TL Marsh, B AF Wright, Thomas L. Marsh, Bruce TI Quantification of the intrusion process at Kilauea volcano, Hawai'i SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Kilauea; Magma; Plumbing; Dike; Intrusion; Petrology ID LAKE COOLING MODELS; EAST RIFT-ZONE; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; LAVA LAKE; MAGMA; DIFFERENTIATION; ERUPTIONS; ALAE AB The characteristic size of two types of intrusions identified beneath Kilauea's East Rift zone are uniquely estimated by combining time constraints from fractional crystallization and the rates of magma solidification during cooling. Some intrusions were rapidly emplaced as dikes, but stalled before reaching the surface, and cooled and crystallized to feed later fractionated eruptions. More specifically, using the observed time interval between initial emplacement and eruption of fractionated lava, whose degree of fractionation is estimated from petrologic mixing calculations, the extent of solidification or cooling needed to produce this amount of fractionation can be directly inferred. And from the known erupted volumes the spatial extent or size of this fractionated volume can be analytically related to the full size of the source body itself. Two examples yield dike widths of 82 and 68 Other intrusions remain close to the east rift magma transport path and are observed to last for decades or longer as viable magma bodies that may participate in feeding later eruptions. The thickness of semi-permanent reservoirs near the East Rift Zone magma transport path can be estimated by assuming a resupply rate that is sufficiently frequent to restrict cooling to <10 degrees C. It is inferred that both types of intrusions likely began as dike offshoots from the East Rift Zone magma transport path, but the frequently resupplied bodies may have later been converted to sills or laccoliths of heights estimated at 43-62 m. Our modeled intrusions contrast with models of rapidly emplaced thinner dikes feeding shallow intrusions, which are accompanied by intense rift earthquake swarms and are often associated with eruptions. These calculations show that long-term heating of the wallrock of the magma transport paths serves to slow conduit cooling, which may be partly responsible for sustaining long East Rift Zone eruptions. Adjacent to the vertical transport path beneath Kilauea's summit, the combined effects of heating and ever-increasing, magma supply rate may have forced a commensurate enlarging of the conduit, perhaps explaining the occurrence of a temporary burst of deep (5-15 km) long-period earthquake swarms between 1987 and 1992. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wright, Thomas L.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Wright, Thomas L.; Marsh, Bruce] Johns Hopkins Univ, MK Blaustein Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 34th & Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Wright, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA.; Wright, TL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, MK Blaustein Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 34th & Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM twright@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 328 BP 34 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.09.019 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG3UH UT WOS:000390969700003 ER PT J AU King, JM Hurwitz, S Lowenstern, JB Nordstrom, DK McCleskey, RB AF King, Jonathan M. Hurwitz, Shaul Lowenstern, Jacob B. Nordstrom, D. Kirk McCleskey, R. Blaine TI Multireaction equilibrium geothermometry: A sensitivity analysis using data from the Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, USA SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Geothermometry; Yellowstone; Hydrothermal; Geothermal; Aqueous chemistry; Equilibria ID UNDERGROUND TEMPERATURES; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; GAS EQUILIBRIA; WATERS; MINERALS; DYNAMICS; ENTHALPY; SILICA; VALLEY AB A multireaction chemical equilibria geothermometry (MEG) model applicable to high-temperature geothermal systems has been developed over the past three decades. Given sufficient data, this model provides more constraint on calculated reservoir temperatures than classical chemical geothermometers that are based on either the concentration of silica (SiO2), or the ratios of cation concentrations. A set of 23 chemical analyses from Ojo Caliente Spring and 22 analyses from other thermal features in the Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park are used to examine the sensitivity of calculated reservoir temperatures using the GeoT MEG code (Spycher et al. 2013, 2014) to quantify the effects of solute concentrations, degassing, and mineral assemblages on calculated reservoir temperatures. Results of our analysis demonstrate that the MEG model can resolve reservoir temperatures within approximately +/- 15 degrees C, and that natural variation in fluid compositions represents a greater source of variance in calculated reservoir temperatures than variations caused by analytical uncertainty (assuming similar to 5% for major elements). The analysis also suggests that MEG calculations are particularly sensitive to variations in silica concentration, the concentrations of the redox species Fe(II) and H2S, and that the parameters defining steam separation and CO2 degassing from the liquid may be adequately determined by numerical optimization. Results from this study can provide guidance for future applications of MEG models, and thus provide more reliable information on geothermal energy resources during exploration. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [King, Jonathan M.; Hurwitz, Shaul; Lowenstern, Jacob B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Nordstrom, D. Kirk; McCleskey, R. Blaine] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hurwitz, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM shaulh@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards and Energy Programs FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards and Energy Programs. We thank Yousif Kharaka, Nicolas Spycher, and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful comments and insight. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 328 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.10.010 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG3UH UT WOS:000390969700009 ER PT J AU Gaunt, HE Bernard, B Hidalgo, S Proano, A Wright, H Mothes, P Criollo, E Kueppers, U AF Elizabeth Gaunt, H. Bernard, Benjamin Hidalgo, Silvana Proano, Antonio Wright, Heather Mothes, Patricia Criollo, Evelyn Kueppers, Ulrich TI Juvenile magma recognition and eruptive dynamics inferred from the analysis of ash time series: The 2015 reawakening of Cotopaxi volcano SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Volcanic ash; Volcano monitoring; Cotopaxi volcano; Eruption dynamics; Hazard assessment ID SAKURAJIMA VOLCANO; LAVA DOME; ECUADOR; JAPAN; PETROLOGY; TEXTURE; CRYSTALLIZATION; DECOMPRESSION; PARTICLES; DEPOSITS AB Forecasting future activity and performing hazard assessments during the reactivation of volcanoes remain great challenges for the volcanological community. On August 14, 2015 Cotopaxi volcano erupted for the first time in 73 years after approximately four months of precursory activity, which included an increase in seismicity, gas emissions, and minor ground deformation. Here we discuss the use of near real-time petrological monitoring of ash samples as a complementary aid to geophysical monitoring, in order to infer eruption dynamics and evaluate possible future eruptive activity at Cotopaxi. Twenty ash samples were collected between August 14 and November 23, 2015 from a monitoring site on the west flank of the volcano. These samples contain a range of grain types that we classified as: hydrothermal/altered, lithic, juvenile, and free crystals. The relative proportions of theses grains evolved as the eruption progressed, with increasing amounts of juvenile material and a decrease in hydrothermally altered material. In samples from the initial explosion, juvenile grains are glassy, microlite-poor and contain hydrothermal minerals (opal and alunite). The rising magma came in contact with the hydro thermal system under confinement, causing hydro-magmatic explosions that cleared the upper part of the plumbing system. Subsequently, the magmatic column produced a thermal aureole in the conduit and dried out the hydrothermal system, allowing for dry eruptions. Magma ascent rates were low enough to allow for efficient outgassing and microlite growth. Constant supply of magma from below caused quasi-continuous disruption of the uppermost magma volume through a combination of shear-deformation and gas expansion. The combination of increasing crystallinity of juvenile grains, and high measured SO2 flux indicate decreasing integrated magma ascent rates and clearing of the hydrothermal system along transport pathways in a system open to gas loss. The near real-time monitoring of ash samples combined with traditional geophysical monitoring techniques during the reawakening of Cotopaxi allowed us to gain a much clearer understanding of events than when using traditional geophysical monitoring alone. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Elizabeth Gaunt, H.; Bernard, Benjamin; Hidalgo, Silvana; Proano, Antonio; Mothes, Patricia] Escuela Politec Nacl, Inst Geofis, Quito, Ecuador. [Wright, Heather] US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Wright, Heather] USAID, Off Foreign Disaster Assistance, VDAP, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Criollo, Evelyn] Escuela Politec Nacl, Dept Met Extract, Quito, Ecuador. [Kueppers, Ulrich] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Earth & Environm Sci, Munich, Germany. RP Gaunt, HE (reprint author), Escuela Politec Nacl, Inst Geofis, Quito, Ecuador. EM egaunt@igepn.edu.ec OI Hidalgo, Silvana/0000-0001-6386-9502 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [KU2689/2-1]; Marie Curie Initial Training Network 'VERTIGO' through the European Union Seventh Framework Programme [607905] FX We would like to acknowledge all members of the Instituto Geofisico, especially those who were involved in the response to the volcanic crisis and who assisted with sample collection and analysis. The authors would like to thank John Pallister and the team from VDAP for insightful discussions, Leslie Hayden at the USGS Menlo Park for help with electron microprobe analyses, and members of DEMEXEPN for their assistance with the SEM work. This research has been conducted in the context of the Laboratoire Mixte International "Seismes et Volcans dans les Andes du Nord" of IRD. This work is the contribution no 3 of the project "Grupo de Investigacion sobre la Ceniza Volcanica en Ecuador". U.K. acknowledges the support by grant KU2689/2-1 from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and by the Marie Curie Initial Training Network 'VERTIGO', funded through the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7 2007-2013) under Grant Agreement number 607905. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 328 BP 134 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.10.013 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG3UH UT WOS:000390969700011 ER PT J AU Battistel, M Hurwitz, S Evans, WC Barbieri, M AF Battistel, Maria Hurwitz, Shaul Evans, William C. Barbieri, Maurizio TI The chemistry and isotopic composition of waters in the low-enthalpy geothermal system of Cimino-Vico Volcanic District, Italy SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Low-enthalpy geothermal system; Fluid geochemistry; Boron isotopes; Strontium isotopes; Central Italy ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NATURAL HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; THERMAL WATERS; GEOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; NEW-ZEALAND; BORON; GEOCHEMISTRY; AQUIFERS; FLUIDS; AREA AB Geothermal energy exploration is based in part on interpretation of the chemistry, temperature, and discharge rate of thermal springs. Here we present the major element chemistry and the delta D, delta O-18 Sr-87/Sr-86 and delta B-11 isotopic ratio of groundwater from the low-enthalpy geothermal system near the city of Viterbo in the Cimino-Vico volcanic district of west-Central Italy. The geothermal system hosts many thermal springs and gas vents, but the resource is still unexploited. Water chemistry is controlled by mixing between low salinity,HCO3-rich fresh waters (<24.2 degrees C) flowing in shallow volcanic rocks and SO4-rich thermal waters (253 degrees C to 62.2 degrees C) ascending from deep, high permeability Mesozoic limestones. The (equivalent) SO4/Cl (0.01-0.02), Na/Cl (2.82-5.83) and B/Cl ratios (0.02-0.38) of thermal waters differs from the ratios in other geothermal systems from Central Italy, probably implying a lack of hydraulic continuity across the region. The delta O-18 (-6.6 parts per thousand to 5.9 parts per thousand) and 8D (-40.60 parts per thousand to 36.30 parts per thousand) isotopic composition of spring water suggest that the recharge area for the geothermal system is the summit region of Mount Cimino. The strontium isotope ratios (Sr-87/Sr-86) of thermal waters (0.70797-0.70805) are consistent with dissolution of the Mesozoic evaporite-carbonate units that constitute the reservoir, and the ratios of cold fresh waters mainly reflect shallow circulation through the volcanic cover and some minor admixture (<10%) of thermal water as well. The boron isotopic composition (delta B-11) of fresh waters (-5.00 and 6.12 parts per thousand) is similar to that of the volcanic cover, but the delta B-11 of thermal waters (-8.37 parts per thousand to -4.12 parts per thousand) is a mismatch for the Mesozoic reservoir rocks and instead reflects dissolution of secondary boron minerals during fluid ascent through flysch units that overlie the reservoir. A slow and tortuous ascent enhances extraction of boron but also promotes conductive cooling, partially masking the heat present in the reservoir. Overall data from this study is consistent with previous studies that concluded that the geothermal system has a large energy potential. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Battistel, Maria; Barbieri, Maurizio] Univ Sapienza Roma, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Piazzale A Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Battistel, Maria] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Environm Engn, Miljovej,Bldg 115, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Hurwitz, Shaul; Evans, William C.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Battistel, M (reprint author), Univ Sapienza Roma, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Piazzale A Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. EM maria.battistel@gmail.com RI Barbieri, Maurizio/E-9260-2012 OI Barbieri, Maurizio/0000-0002-6595-103X NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 328 BP 222 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.11.005 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG3UH UT WOS:000390969700018 ER PT J AU Patrick, MR Orr, T Swanson, DA Lev, E AF Patrick, M. R. Orr, T. Swanson, D. A. Lev, E. TI Shallow and deep controls on lava lake surface motion at Kilauea Volcano SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lava lake; Volcano monitoring; Thermal imaging ID DYNAMICS; HAWAII; FLUCTUATIONS; ETHIOPIA; SUMMIT AB Lava lakes provide a rare window into magmatic behavior, and lake surface motion has been used to infer deeper properties of the magmatic system. At Halema'uma'u Crater, at the summit of Kilauea Volcano, multidisciplinary observations for the past several years indicate that lava lake surface motion can be broadly divided into two regimes: 1) stable and 2) unstable. Stable behavior is driven by lava upwelling from deeper in the lake (presumably directly from the conduit) and is an intrinsic process that drives lava lake surface motion most of the time. This stable behavior can be interrupted by periods of unstable flow (often reversals) driven by spattering - a shallowly -rooted process often extrinsically triggered by small rockfalls from the crater wall. The bursting bubbles at spatter sources create void spaces and a localized surface depression which draws and consumes surrounding surface crust. Spattering is therefore a location of lava downwelling, not upwelling. Stable (i.e. deep, upwelling-driven) and unstable (i.e. shallow, spattering-driven) behavior often alternate through time, have characteristic surface velocities, flow directions and surface temperature regimes, and also correspond to changes in spattering intensity, outgassing rates, lava level and seismic tremor. These results highlight that several processes, originating at different depths, can control the motion of the lava lake surface, and long-term interdisciplinary monitoring is required to separate these influences. These observations indicate that lake surface motion is not always a reliable proxy for deeper lake or magmatic processes. From these observations, we suggest that shallow outgassing (spattering), not lake convection, drives the variations in lake motion reported at Erta 'Ale lava lake. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Patrick, M. R.; Orr, T.; Swanson, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Lev, E.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Rte 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Patrick, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM mpatrick@usgs.gov FU America Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA); NSF [EAR-1348022] FX The thermal camera was purchased with funds provided by the America Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). HVO staff, including Lopaka Lee, William Tollett, Loren Antolik and Kevan Kamibayashi, assisted with data collection and camera maintenance. Lev was supported by NSF grant EAR-1348022. Claire Brown performed the plate counting. Adam LeWinter and David Finnegan (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory), and Steve Anderson (University of Northern Colorado) performed the 2013 lidar survey. The use of trade name is for informative use only and does not constitute an endorsement by the US federal government. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 328 BP 247 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.11.010 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG3UH UT WOS:000390969700021 ER PT J AU Hu, X Wang, T Pierson, TC Lu, Z Kim, J Cecere, TH AF Hu, Xie Wang, Teng Pierson, Thomas C. Lu, Zhong Kim, Jinwoo Cecere, Thomas H. TI Detecting seasonal landslide movement within the Cascade landslide complex (Washington) using time-series SAR imagery SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Cascade landslide complex; Columbia Gorge landslides; Time-series amplitude analysis; Time-series interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) analysis; Seasonal landslide movement; Precipitation-correlated landslide motion; Precipitation triggers; Landslide kinematics ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; OREGON; INTERFEROMETRY AB Detection of slow or limited landslide movement within broad areas of forested terrain has long been problematic, particularly for the Cascade landslide complex (Washington) located along the Columbia River Gorge. Although parts of the landslide complex have been found reactivated in recent years, the timing and magnitude of motion have not been systematically monitored or interpreted. Here we apply novel time-series strategies to study the spatial distribution and temporal behavior of the landslide movement between 2007 and 2011 using InSAR images from two overlapping L-band ALOS PALSAR-1 satellite tracks. Our results show that the reactivated part has moved approximately 700 mm downslope during the 4-year observation period, while other parts of the landslide complex have generally remained stable. However, we also detect about 300 mm of seasonal downslope creep in a terrain block upslope of the Cascade landslide complex terrain previously thought to be stable. The temporal oscillation of the seasonal movement can be correlated with precipitation, implying that seasonal movement here is hydrology-driven. The seasonal movement also has a frequency similar to GPS-derived regional ground oscillations due to mass loading by stored rainfall and subsequent rebound but with much smaller magnitude, suggesting different hydrological loading effects. From the time-series amplitude information on terrain upslope of the headscarp, we also re-evaluate the incipient motion related to the 2008 Greenleaf Basin rock avalanche, not previously recognized by traditional SAR/InSAR methods. The approach used in this study can be used to identify active landslides in forested terrain, to track the seasonal movement of landslides, and to identify previously unknown landslide hazards. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, Xie; Wang, Teng; Lu, Zhong; Kim, Jinwoo] Southetrn Methodist Univ, Huffington Dept Earth Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Pierson, Thomas C.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. [Cecere, Thomas H.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), Southetrn Methodist Univ, Huffington Dept Earth Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. EM zhonglu@smu.edu OI Kim, Jin-Woo/0000-0002-9097-2465; Wang, Teng/0000-0003-3729-0139 FU NASA [NNX15AN10H]; U.S. Geological Survey [G14AC00153]; Shuler-Foscue Endowment at Southern Methodist University FX We thank Washington Department of Natural Resources, Western Regional Climate Center, Desert Research Institute and UNAVCO for providing the LIDAR DEM, precipitation records and GPS observations, respectively. ALOS PALSAR-1 data acquired by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) were distributed through Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF). This research was financially supported by NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NNX15AN10H), U.S. Geological Survey (G14AC00153), and the Shuler-Foscue Endowment at Southern Methodist University. The geocoded maps were generated by the General Mapping Tools (GMT) and ArcGIS. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 187 BP 49 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.10.006 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EF7EX UT WOS:000390494000004 ER PT J AU Pereira, P Rein, G Martin, D AF Pereira, Paulo Rein, Guillermo Martin, Deborah TI Past and Present Post-Fire Environments SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID DRIVEN FIRE REGIMES; CLIMATE CHANGES; FOREST-FIRE; MEDITERRANEAN FOREST; VEGETATION TYPE; WILDFIRES; EUROPE; ASH; PLANTATIONS; EXTINCTION C1 [Pereira, Paulo] Mykolas Romeris Univ, Ctr Environm Management, Ateities G 20, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Rein, Guillermo] Imperial Coll London, Dept Mech Engn, London, England. [Martin, Deborah] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St E127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Pereira, P (reprint author), Mykolas Romeris Univ, Ctr Environm Management, Ateities G 20, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania. OI Rein, Guillermo/0000-0001-7207-2685 NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 573 BP 1275 EP 1277 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.040 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF1FP UT WOS:000390071000123 PM 27369092 ER PT J AU Islam, A Ahmed, A Hur, M Thorn, K Kim, S AF Islam, Ananna Ahmed, Arif Hur, Manhoi Thorn, Kevin Kim, Sunghwan TI Molecular-level evidence provided by ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry for oil-derived doc in groundwater at Bemidji, Minnesota SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Oil spill; High resolution mass spectrometry; Double bond equivalent; Petroleum ID ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE PHOTOIONIZATION; FT-ICR MS; POLAR METABOLITE MIXTURES; ESTIMATED HUMAN TOXICITY; FUEL RELEASE SITES; WATER-HORIZON OIL; CRUDE-OIL; GRAVEL AQUIFER; SPILL CLEANUP AB Dissolved organic matter samples extracted from ground water at the USGS Bemidji oil spill site in Minnesota were investigated by ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Principle component analysis (PCA) of the elemental composition assignments of the samples showed that the score plots for the contaminated sites were well separated from those for the uncontaminated sites. Additionally, spectra obtained from the same sampling site 7 and 19 years after the spill were grouped together in the score plot, strongly suggesting a steady state of contamination within the 12 year interval. The double bond equivalence (DBE) of O-x class compounds was broader for the samples from the contaminated sites, because of the complex nature of oil and the consequent formation of compounds with saturated and/or aromatic structures from the oxygenated products of oil. In addition, O-x class compounds with a relatively smaller number of x (x < 8; x = number of oxygen) and OxS1 class compounds were more abundant in the samples from the contaminated sites, because of the lower oxygen and higher sulfur contents of the oil compared to humic substances. The molecular-level signatures presented here can be a fundamental basis for in-depth analysis of oil contamination. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Islam, Ananna; Ahmed, Arif; Kim, Sunghwan] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Daegu 702701, South Korea. [Hur, Manhoi] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hur, Manhoi] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Metab Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Thorn, Kevin] US Geol Survey, Water Mission Area, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kim, Sunghwan] Green Nano Ctr, Dept Chem, Daegu 702701, South Korea. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Daegu 702701, South Korea. EM sunghwank@knu.ac.kr OI Kim, Sunghwan/0000-0002-3364-7367 FU Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant - Korean government (MEST) [2014R1A2A1A11049946]; Oil Spill Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Restoration project from Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries; U.S. Geological Survey Toxics Substances Hydrology Program FX This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) 2014R1A2A1A11049946, by Oil Spill Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Restoration project from Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries and by the U.S. Geological Survey Toxics Substances Hydrology Program. We thank George Aiken for initiating the study of oil derived DOC at the Bemidji site and help in sample collection, and Barbara Bekins for helpful discussions of the site. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 48 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 EI 1873-3336 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 320 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.08.018 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ1LU UT WOS:000385600700014 PM 27526278 ER PT J AU Bennett, SEK Oskin, ME Iriondo, A Kunk, MJ AF Bennett, Scott E. K. Oskin, Michael E. Iriondo, Alexander Kunk, Michael J. TI Slip history of the La Cruz fault: Development of a late Miocene transform in response to increased rift obliquity in the northern Gulf of California SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Gulf of California; Oblique continental rifting; Transtension; Isla Tiburon; La Cruz fault; Gulf of California shear zone ID NORTHEASTERN BAJA-CALIFORNIA; COASTAL SONORA BATHOLITH; PYROCLASTIC FLOW DEPOSIT; EXPERIMENTAL CLAY MODELS; AMERICA PLATE MOTION; SIERRA SAN-FERMIN; U-PB; SOUTHERN GULF; CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE; NEOGENE STRATIGRAPHY AB The Gulf of California rift has accommodated oblique divergence of the Pacific and North America plates in northwestern Mexico since Miocene time. Due to its infancy, its rifted margins preserve a rare onshore record of early continental break-up processes and an opportunity to investigate the role of rift obliquity in strain localization. We map rift-related structures and syn-tectonic basins on southern Isla Tiburon, a proximal onshore exposure of the rifted North America margin. We integrate analysis and geochronology of syn-tectonic sedimentary basins and mapping of crosscutting relationships to characterize the style and timing of fault activity. On southern Isla Tiburon, an early phase of extension initiated between similar to 19-17 Ma and similar to 12.2 Ma. Subsequently, these normal faults and related basins were cut by the La Cruz strike-slip fault and buried by deposits of the La Cruz basin, an elongate, fault-controlled trough coextensive with the La Cruz fault. Crosscutting relationships show that the NW-striking La Cruz fault accrued 5 2 km of dextral slip similar to 8-4 Ma. The La Cruz fault and parallel Tiburon transform were kinematically linked to detachment faulting that accommodated latest Miocene to Pliocene oblique opening of the offshore Upper Tiburon pull-apart basin. The onset of strike-slip faulting on Isla Tiburon was synchronous with the similar to 8-6 Ma onset of transform faulting and basin formation along >1000 km of the reconstructed Pacific-North America plate boundary. This transition coincides with the commencement of a clockwise azimuthal shift in Pacific-North America relative plate motion that increased the obliquity of the Gulf of California rift and formed the Gulf of California shear zone. The record from the proto-Gulf of California illustrates how highly oblique rift geometries, where transform faults are kinematically linked to pull-apart basins, enhance the ability of continental lithosphere to rupture and, ultimately, hasten the formation of new oceanic rift basins. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bennett, Scott E. K.; Oskin, Michael E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 2119 Earth & Phys Sci,One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bennett, Scott E. K.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Iriondo, Alexander] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Campus Juriquilla, Juriquilla 76230, Queretaro, Mexico. [Iriondo, Alexander] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kunk, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Bennett, SEK (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU National Science Foundation [0739017, 0904337]; ExxonMobil Geoscience Grant; Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research Grant; Northern California Geological Society Richard Chambers Memorial Scholarship; UC Davis Cordell Durrell scholarship FX Funding from the National Science Foundation Tectonics and MARGINS programs, awards #0739017 and #0904337, an ExxonMobil Geoscience Grant, a Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research Grant, a Northern California Geological Society Richard Chambers Memorial Scholarship, and a UC Davis Cordell Durrell scholarship made this research possible. Permission to enter Isla Tiburon was granted by the Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales-Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas and the native Cumcaac (Seri) tribe. We thank A. Martin-Barajas for assistance with permit acquisition. Reviews by M. Bonini, J. Matti, M. Darin, an anonymous reviewer, and Associate Editor D. Czeck as well as discussions with R. Dorsey and A. Forte all helped improve the manuscript. M. Tappa, M. Iglecia, A. Gauer, and E. Stevens all provided great company, safety, and support while conducting fieldwork on Isla Tiburon. T. Donovan, G. Smart, and the Prescott College Kino Bay Center for Cultural and Ecological Studies staff provided incredible logistical support and comfortable accommodations while conducting fieldwork. We thank the Molina Villa-Lobos family (Ernesto, Francisco, and Esequel) of the of the native Cumcaac (Seri) tribe for their superb boatmanship and safe-keeping during our field research. NR 123 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD DEC 14 PY 2016 VL 693 SI SI BP 409 EP 435 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2016.06.013 PN B PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EH4ZP UT WOS:000391782700016 ER PT J AU Lu, XH Jiang, H Liu, JX Zhang, XY Jin, JX Zhu, QA Zhang, Z Peng, CH AF Lu, Xuehe Jiang, Hong Liu, Jinxun Zhang, Xiuying Jin, Jiaxin Zhu, Qiuan Zhang, Zhen Peng, Changhui TI Simulated effects of nitrogen saturation on the global carbon budget using the IBIS model SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ELEVATED CO2; SOUTHERN CHINA; DEPOSITION; LIMITATION; AVAILABILITY; BALANCE; CLIMATE; LAND AB Over the past 100 years, human activity has greatly changed the rate of atmospheric N (nitrogen) deposition in terrestrial ecosystems, resulting in N saturation in some regions of the world. The contribution of N saturation to the global carbon budget remains uncertain due to the complicated nature of C-N (carbon-nitrogen) interactions and diverse geography. Although N deposition is included in most terrestrial ecosystem models, the effect of N saturation is frequently overlooked. In this study, the IBIS (Integrated BIosphere Simulator) was used to simulate the global-scale effects of N saturation during the period 1961-2009. The results of this model indicate that N saturation reduced global NPP (Net Primary Productivity) and NEP (Net Ecosystem Productivity) by 0.26 and 0.03 Pg C yr(-1), respectively. The negative effects of N saturation on carbon sequestration occurred primarily in temperate forests and grasslands. In response to elevated CO2 levels, global N turnover slowed due to increased biomass growth, resulting in a decline in soil mineral N. These changes in N cycling reduced the impact of N saturation on the global carbon budget. However, elevated N deposition in certain regions may further alter N saturation and C-N coupling. C1 [Lu, Xuehe; Jiang, Hong; Zhang, Xiuying; Jin, Jiaxin; Zhang, Zhen] Jiangsu Prov Key Lab Geog Informat Sci & Technol, Xianlin Ave 163, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lu, Xuehe; Jiang, Hong; Zhang, Xiuying; Jin, Jiaxin; Zhang, Zhen] Nanjing Univ, Int Inst Earth Syst Sci, Xianlin Ave 163, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jinxun] USGS Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zhu, Qiuan; Peng, Changhui] Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. RP Jiang, H (reprint author), Jiangsu Prov Key Lab Geog Informat Sci & Technol, Xianlin Ave 163, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Jiang, H (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Int Inst Earth Syst Sci, Xianlin Ave 163, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM jianghong@nju.edu.cn FU NSF China [41501212]; NSF China Major Program [41171324]; Funds for Ph.D. Education [20110091110028]; fundamental research project of MOST [2005DKA32306] FX Financial support for the study was provided by the NSF China (41501212), the NSF China Major Program (41171324), the Funds for Ph.D. Education (20110091110028), and the fundamental research project of MOST (2005DKA32306). NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 14 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 39173 DI 10.1038/srep39173 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE6RP UT WOS:000389740200001 PM 27966643 ER PT J AU Oliver, PM Clegg, JR Fisher, RN Richards, SJ Taylor, PN Jocque, MMT AF Oliver, Paul M. Clegg, Jonathan R. Fisher, Robert N. Richards, Stephen J. Taylor, Peter N. Jocque, Merlijn M. T. TI A new biogeographically disjunct giant gecko (Gehyra: Gekkonidae: Reptilia) from the East Melanesian Islands SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Admiralty Islands; endemism; Fiji; Manus; Miocene; Mussau; molelcular dating; overwater dispersal; Vanuatu ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; SQUAMATA GEKKONIDAE; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; GENUS GEHYRA; PHYLOGENY; PACIFIC; EVOLUTION; LIZARDS; REDESCRIPTION; SYSTEMATICS AB The East Melanesian Islands have been a focal area for research into island biogeography and community ecology. However, previously undescribed and biogeographically significant new species endemic to this region continue to be discovered. Here we describe a phylogenetically distinct (similar to 20% divergence at the mitochondrial ND2 gene) and biogeographically disjunct new species of gecko in the genus Gehyra, from the Admiralty and St Matthias Islands. Gehyra rohan sp. nov. can be distinguished from all congeners by the combination of its very large size, ring of bright orange scales around the eye, moderate degree of lateral folding on the limbs and body, and aspects of head, body and tail scalation. Molecular data indicate mid to late Miocene divergence of the new species from nearest relatives occurring nearly 2000 kilometres away in Vanuatu and Fiji. Large Gehyra have not been recorded on the intervening large islands of the Bismark Archipelago (New Britain and New Ireland) and the Solomon Islands, suggesting this dispersal pre-dated the current configuration of these islands, extinction in intervening regions, or potentially elements of both. Conversely, low genetic divergence between disjunct samples on Manus and Mussau implies recent overseas dispersal via either natural or anthropogenic means. C1 [Oliver, Paul M.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Div Evolut Ecol & Genet, Bldg 116,Daley Rd, Acton, ACT 0200, Australia. [Oliver, Paul M.] Australian Natl Univ, Ctr Biodivers Anal, Bldg 116,Daley Rd, Acton, ACT 0200, Australia. [Clegg, Jonathan R.; Taylor, Peter N.; Jocque, Merlijn M. T.] RBINS, Aquat & Terr Ecol ATECO, Vautierstr 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Clegg, Jonathan R.; Taylor, Peter N.; Jocque, Merlijn M. T.] Biodivers Inventory Conservat BINCO Vzw, Walmersumstr 44, B-3380 Glabbeek, Belgium. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Richards, Stephen J.] South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. RP Oliver, PM (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Div Evolut Ecol & Genet, Bldg 116,Daley Rd, Acton, ACT 0200, Australia.; Oliver, PM (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Ctr Biodivers Anal, Bldg 116,Daley Rd, Acton, ACT 0200, Australia. EM Paul.oliver@anu.edu.au FU U.S. Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP); Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund; USGS Ecosystems Mission Area; Australian Pacific Science Foundation; Australian Research Council; Winston Churchill Memorial Trust FX Ken Aplin provided data and photographs of the specimen collected on Mussau Island. The following curators and collection managers kindly provided access to specimens in their care and various other assistances: Ross Sadlier (AMS), Jens Vindum (CAS), Jos Rosado (MCZ), Hellen Kurniati, Mumpuni (MZB), Katie Date (NMV), Sebastien Bruaux and Tom Geerinckx (RBINS), Jim Anamiato (PNGNM), Mark Hutchinson and Carolyn Kovach (SAMA) and Jeremy Jacobs (USNM). Renae Pratt and Bee Gunn generated sequence data for key samples. JRC, PNT and MMTJ thank Anou Borrey for her extensive support during their stay in Papua New Guinea, Daniel Charles at WCS and local fixer Kikiu for logistic support, and Mary and all the villagers of Yiringou for the hospitality shown during their stay at the mission station. RNF thanks Daniel Charles, Bulisa Iova, Jonathan Richmond for logistic support on Manus. Fieldwork on Manus and Mussau Islands by SJR and Ken Aplin was facilitated by the Wildlife Conservation Society and PNG Department of Environment and Conservation, with support from the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund. The survey was made possible with support and hospitality of the leaders, councillors and residents of Tulu 1 and Piri on Manus, and Nae and Loliang on Mussau. RNF thanks the U.S. Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) and the USGS Ecosystems Mission Area for funding and project support. The use of trade, product or firm names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. PMO was funded by a grant from the Australian Pacific Science Foundation to Paul (with, SJR and Mike Lee) and an Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Fellowship. JRC was funded by a grant from the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 14 PY 2016 VL 4208 IS 1 BP 61 EP 76 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.1.3 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EE6UI UT WOS:000389747800003 ER PT J AU Cuffey, KM Clow, GD Steig, EJ Buizert, C Fudge, TJ Koutnik, M Waddington, ED Alley, RB Severinghaus, JP AF Cuffey, Kurt M. Clow, Gary D. Steig, Eric J. Buizert, Christo Fudge, T. J. Koutnik, Michelle Waddington, Edwin D. Alley, Richard B. Severinghaus, Jeffrey P. TI Deglacial temperature history of West Antarctica SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate; paleoclimate; Antarctica; glaciology; temperature ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; CORE WD2014 CHRONOLOGY; HEINRICH STADIAL 1; ICE-SHEET; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; NEW-ZEALAND; POLAR FIRN; MODEL AB The most recent glacial to interglacial transition constitutes a remarkable natural experiment for learning how Earth's climate responds to various forcings, including a rise in atmospheric CO2. This transition has left a direct thermal remnant in the polar ice sheets, where the exceptional purity and continual accumulation of ice permit analyses not possible in other settings. For Antarctica, the deglacial warming has previously been constrained only by the water isotopic composition in ice cores, without an absolute thermometric assessment of the isotopes' sensitivity to temperature. To overcome this limitation, we measured temperatures in a deep borehole and analyzed them together with ice-core data to reconstruct the surface temperature history of West Antarctica. The deglacial warming was 11.3 +/- 1.8 degrees C, approximately two to three times the global average, in agreement with theoretical expectations for Antarctic amplification of planetary temperature changes. Consistent with evidence from glacier retreat in Southern Hemisphere mountain ranges, the Antarctic warming was mostly completed by 15 kyBP, several millennia earlier than in the Northern Hemisphere. These results constrain the role of variable oceanic heat transport between hemispheres during deglaciation and quantitatively bound the direct influence of global climate forcings on Antarctic temperature. Although climate models perform well on average in this context, some recent syntheses of deglacial climate history have underestimated Antarctic warming and the models with lowest sensitivity can be discounted. C1 [Cuffey, Kurt M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Clow, Gary D.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Steig, Eric J.; Fudge, T. J.; Koutnik, Michelle; Waddington, Edwin D.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Buizert, Christo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Alley, Richard B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Cuffey, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kcuffey@berkeley.edu OI Severinghaus, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8883-3119 FU US National Science Foundation Grants [0539232, 0537661, 0537930, 1043092, 1043518, 0944199, 0944197, 0440666, 0539578, 1043528, 1338832, 0538657]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grant [NNX12AB74G]; Martin Family Foundation; USGS Climate and Land Use Change Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate and Global Change Fellowships FX We are deeply indebted to many participants in the WDC project and especially thank K. Taylor, E. J. Brook, and J. W. C. White. The helpful comments of two anonymous referees are gratefully acknowledged. This work is funded through the US National Science Foundation Grants 0539232, 0537661 (to K.M.C.), 0537930, 1043092 (to E.J.S.), 1043518 (to C.B.), 0944199, 0944197, 0440666 (to E.D.W.), 0539578, 1043528, 1338832 (to R.B.A.), and 0538657 (to J.P.S.) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grant NNX12AB74G (to M.K.). We gratefully acknowledge additional support from the Martin Family Foundation (K.M.C.), the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Program (G.D.C.), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate and Global Change Fellowships (C.B.). NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 20 U2 20 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 13 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 50 BP 14249 EP 14254 DI 10.1073/pnas.1609132113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE6CQ UT WOS:000389696700043 PM 27911783 ER PT J AU Gsell, AS Scharfenberger, U Ozkundakci, D Walters, A Hansson, LA Janssen, ABG Noges, P Reid, PC Schindler, DE Van Donk, E Dakos, V Adrian, R AF Gsell, Alena Sonia Scharfenberger, Ulrike Ozkundakci, Deniz Walters, Annika Hansson, Lars-Anders Janssen, Annette B. G. Noges, Peeter Reid, Philip C. Schindler, Daniel E. Van Donk, Ellen Dakos, Vasilis Adrian, Rita TI Evaluating early-warning indicators of critical transitions in natural aquatic ecosystems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE competition; intraguild predation; trophic cascade; time series; resilience indicators ID ALTERNATIVE STABLE STATES; LONG-TERM RESPONSE; REGIME SHIFTS; SHALLOW LAKES; POPULATION COLLAPSE; ECOLOGICAL THEORY; TIME-SERIES; FOOD-WEB; RESILIENCE; CLIMATE AB Ecosystems can show sudden and persistent changes in state despite only incremental changes in drivers. Such critical transitions are difficult to predict, because the state of the system often shows little change before the transition. Early-warning indicators (EWIs) are hypothesized to signal the loss of system resilience and have been shown to precede critical transitions in theoretical models, paleo-climate time series, and in laboratory as well as whole lake experiments. The generalizability of EWIs for detecting critical transitions in empirical time series of natural aquatic ecosystems remains largely untested, however. Here we assessed four commonly used EWIs on long-term datasets of five freshwater ecosystems that have experienced sudden, persistent transitions and for which the relevant ecological mechanisms and drivers are well understood. These case studies were categorized by three mechanisms that can generate critical transitions between alternative states: competition, trophic cascade, and intraguild predation. Although EWIs could be detected in most of the case studies, agreement among the four indicators was low. In some cases, EWIs were detected considerably ahead of the transition. Nonetheless, our results show that at present, EWIs do not provide reliable and consistent signals of impending critical transitions despite using some of the best routinely monitored freshwater ecosystems. Our analysis strongly suggests that a priori knowledge of the underlying mechanisms driving ecosystem transitions is necessary to identify relevant state variables for successfully monitoring EWIs. C1 [Gsell, Alena Sonia; Scharfenberger, Ulrike; Adrian, Rita] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Ecosyst Res, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Gsell, Alena Sonia; Janssen, Annette B. G.; Van Donk, Ellen] Netherlands Inst Ecol, Aquat Ecol, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Scharfenberger, Ulrike; Adrian, Rita] Free Univ Berlin, Dept Biol Chem & Pharm, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Ozkundakci, Deniz] Waikato Reg Council, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand. [Walters, Annika] US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Hansson, Lars-Anders] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Janssen, Annette B. G.] Wageningen Univ, Dept Aquat Ecol & Water Qual Management, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Noges, Peeter] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Ctr Limnol, EE-61117 Tartumaa, Estonia. [Reid, Philip C.] Sir Alister Hardy Fdn Ocean Sci, Lab, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England. [Reid, Philip C.] Univ Plymouth, Marine Inst, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Reid, Philip C.] Marine Biol Assoc UK, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England. [Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dakos, Vasilis] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Ctr Adaptat Changing Environm, Inst Integrat Biol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Gsell, AS (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Ecosyst Res, D-12587 Berlin, Germany.; Gsell, AS (reprint author), Netherlands Inst Ecol, Aquat Ecol, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. EM a.gsell@nioo.knaw.nl RI van Donk, Ellen/B-7272-2008; Scharfenberger, Ulrike/B-7907-2017; OI van Donk, Ellen/0000-0003-3279-4936; Gsell, Alena/0000-0001-7795-1996; KNAW, NIOO-KNAW/0000-0002-3835-159X FU European Union project LIMNOTIP [01LC1207A]; LakeShift (DFG); Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [842.00.009]; Netherlands Science Foundation; European Union Marie Curie Grant; ACE Fellowship from ETH Zurich FX We thank Bryan Spears, Francis Daunt, Sarah Burthe, Silke Schmidt, Erik Jeppesen, Brian Moss, and the members of LIMNOTIP for valuable discussions. We also thank the anonymous reviewers and the subject editor for their constructive and positive comments, which helped improve the manuscript considerably. We acknowledge Rijkswaterstaat as the source of the Lake Veluwemeer dataset, and thank the Federal Ministry of Education and Research for administrative support. A.S.G., R.A., and L.A.H. were supported by the European Union project LIMNOTIP funded under the FP7 ERA-Net Scheme (Biodiversa, Grant 01LC1207A) and LakeShift (DFG). A.B.G.J. was funded by The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (Project 842.00.009). V.D. was supported by a Rubicon Fellowship from The Netherlands Science Foundation, a European Union Marie Curie Grant, and an ACE Fellowship from ETH Zurich. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 13 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 50 BP E8089 EP E8095 DI 10.1073/pnas.1608242113 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE6CQ UT WOS:000389696700011 PM 27911776 ER PT J AU Herring, G Eagles-Smith, CA Wagner, MT AF Herring, Garth Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Wagner, Mason T. TI Ground Squirrel Shooting and Potential Lead Exposure in Breeding Avian Scavengers SO PLoS One LA English DT Article ID COEUR-DALENE RIVER; RED-TAILED HAWKS; BULLET FRAGMENTS; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT; DIETARY EXPOSURE; FISHING TACKLE; GOLDEN EAGLES; RIFLE BULLETS; PRAIRIE DOGS; PB EXPOSURE AB Recreational ground squirrel shooting is a popular activity throughout the western United States and serves as a tool for managing ground squirrel populations in agricultural regions. Belding's ground squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi) are routinely shot in California, Nevada, and Oregon across habitats that overlap with breeding avian scavengers. Ground squirrels shot with lead (Pb)-based bullets may pose a risk to avian scavengers if they consume carcasses containing Pb fragments. To assess the potential risk to breeding avian scavengers we developed a model to estimate the number, mass, and distribution of Pb fragments in shot ground squirrels using radiographic images. Eighty percent of shot carcasses contained detectible Pb fragments with an average of 38.6 mg of Pb fragments. Seven percent of all carcasses contained Pb fragment masses exceeding a lethal dose for a model raptor nestling (e.g. American kestrel Falco sparverius). Bullet type did not influence the number of fragments in shot ground squirrels, but did influence the mass of fragments retained. Belding's ground squirrels shot with .17 Super Mag and unknown ammunition types contained over 28 and 17 times more mass of Pb fragments than those shot with .22 solid and .22 hollow point bullets, respectively. Ground squirrel body mass was positively correlated with both the number and mass of Pb fragments in carcasses, increasing on average by 76% and 56% respectively across the range of carcass masses. Although the mass of Pb retained in ground squirrel carcasses was small relative to the original bullet mass, avian scavenger nestlings that frequently consume shot ground squirrels may be at risk for Pb-induced effects (e.g., physiology, growth, or survival). Using modeling efforts we found that if nestling golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), and Swainson's hawks (B. swainsoni) consumed shot ground squirrels proportionately to the nestling's mass, energy needs, and diet, 100% of the nestling period would exceed a 50% reduction in delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase production threshold, the last 13-27% of the nestling stage would exceed a reduced growth rate threshold, but no nestlings would be expected to exceed a level of Pb ingestion that would be lethal. C1 [Herring, Garth; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Wagner, Mason T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Herring, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM gherring@usgs.gov FU Western Golden Eagle Conservation Strategy; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [4500063135]; U.S. Geological Survey (Ecosystems Mission Area and Contaminant Biology Program) FX This research was funded by the Western Golden Eagle Conservation Strategy, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Grant number: 4500063135, Grantee: CAE), and U.S. Geological Survey (Ecosystems Mission Area and Contaminant Biology Program). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 12 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 12 AR e0167926 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0167926 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EI8HA UT WOS:000392745600039 PM 27942006 ER PT J AU Tomasek, I Horwell, CJ Damby, DE Barosova, H Geers, C Petri-Fink, A Rothen-Rutishauser, B Clift, MJD AF Tomasek, Ines Horwell, Claire J. Damby, David E. Barosova, Hana Geers, Christoph Petri-Fink, Alke Rothen-Rutishauser, Barbara Clift, Martin J. D. TI Combined exposure of diesel exhaust particles and respirable Soufriere Hills volcanic ash causes a (pro-)inflammatory response in an in vitro multicellular epithelial tissue barrier model SO PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Volcanic ash; Diesel exhaust particles; In vitro; Particle co-exposures; Multicellular Human Epithelial Tissue Barrier System; Air-liquid Interface Exposures; (pro-)inflammatory cytokines/chemokines ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; HEALTH-HAZARDS; CELL EXPOSURE; MONTSERRAT; LUNG; TOXICITY; CRISTOBALITE AB Background: There are justifiable health concerns regarding the potential adverse effects associated with human exposure to volcanic ash (VA) particles, especially when considering communities living in urban areas already exposed to heightened air pollution. The aim of this study was, therefore, to gain an imperative, first understanding of the biological impacts of respirable VA when exposed concomitantly with diesel particles. Methods: A sophisticated in vitro 3D triple cell co-culture model of the human alveolar epithelial tissue barrier was exposed to either a single or repeated dose of dry respirable VA (deposited dose of 0.26 +/- 0.09 or 0.89 +/- 0.29 mu g/cm(2), respectively) from Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat for a period of 24 h at the air-liquid interface (ALI). Subsequently, co-cultures were exposed to co-exposures of single or repeated VA and diesel exhaust particles (DEP; NIST SRM 2975; 0.02 mg/mL), a model urban pollutant, at the pseudo-ALI. The biological impact of each individual particle type was also analysed under these precise scenarios. The cytotoxic (LDH release), oxidative stress (depletion of intracellular GSH) and (pro-)inflammatory (TNF-alpha, IL-8 and IL-1 beta) responses were assessed after the particulate exposures. The impact of VA exposure upon cell morphology, as well as its interaction with the multicellular model, was visualised via confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Results: The combination of respirable VA and DEP, in all scenarios, incited an heightened release of TNF-alpha and IL-8 as well as significant increases in IL-1 beta, when applied at sub-lethal doses to the co-culture compared to VA exposure alone. Notably, the augmented (pro-)inflammatory responses observed were not mediated by oxidative stress. LSM supported the quantitative assessment of cytotoxicity, with no changes in cell morphology within the barrier model evident. A direct interaction of the VA with all three cell types of the multicellular system was observed by SEM. Conclusions: Combined exposure of respirable Soufriere Hills VA with DEP causes a (pro-)inflammatory effect in an advanced in vitro multicellular model of the epithelial airway barrier. This finding suggests that the combined exposure to volcanic and urban particulate matter should be further investigated in order to deduce the potential human health hazard, especially how it may influence the respiratory function of susceptible individuals (i.e. with pre-existing lung diseases) in the population. C1 [Tomasek, Ines; Horwell, Claire J.] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Dept Earth Sci, Sci Labs, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Tomasek, Ines; Barosova, Hana; Geers, Christoph; Petri-Fink, Alke; Rothen-Rutishauser, Barbara; Clift, Martin J. D.] Univ Fribourg, Adolphe Merkle Inst, BioNanomat, Chemin Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. [Damby, David E.] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Sect Mineral Petrol & Geochem, Theresienstr 41, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Clift, Martin J. D.] Swansea Univ, Sch Med, Inst Life Sci, Vitro Toxicol Grp, Singleton Pk Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Petri-Fink, Alke] Univ Fribourg, Dept Chem, Chemin Musee, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. [Damby, David E.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Tomasek, I (reprint author), Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Dept Earth Sci, Sci Labs, Durham DH1 3LE, England.; Tomasek, I; Clift, MJD (reprint author), Univ Fribourg, Adolphe Merkle Inst, BioNanomat, Chemin Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.; Clift, MJD (reprint author), Swansea Univ, Sch Med, Inst Life Sci, Vitro Toxicol Grp, Singleton Pk Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. EM ines.tomasek@durham.ac.uk; m.j.d.clift@swansea.ac.uk FU VERTIGO Marie Curie Initial Training Network (ITN) through the European Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) [607905]; Swiss National Science Foundation [310030_159847/1]; Adolphe Merkle Foundation; AXA Research Grant "Risk from volcanic ash in the Earth system"; ERC [247076] FX IT is financially supported by the VERTIGO Marie Curie Initial Training Network (ITN), funded through the European Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) under Grant Agreement number 607905. The authors would also like to thank the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. 310030_159847/1) as well as the Adolphe Merkle Foundation for additional financial support. DED was supported by the AXA Research Grant "Risk from volcanic ash in the Earth system" and ERC Advanced Investigator Grant No. 247076 (EVOKES). NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-8977 J9 PART FIBRE TOXICOL JI Part. Fibre Toxicol. PD DEC 12 PY 2016 VL 13 AR 67 DI 10.1186/s12989-016-0178-9 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA EE7GH UT WOS:000389783400001 PM 27955700 ER PT J AU Goring, SJ Mladenoff, DJ Cogbill, CV Record, S Paciorek, CJ Jackson, ST Dietze, MC Dawson, A Matthes, JH McLachlan, JS Williams, JW AF Goring, Simon J. Mladenoff, David J. Cogbill, Charles V. Record, Sydne Paciorek, Christopher J. Jackson, Stephen T. Dietze, Michael C. Dawson, Andria Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala McLachlan, Jason S. Williams, John W. TI Novel and Lost Forests in the Upper Midwestern United States, from New Estimates of Settlement-Era Composition, Stem Density, and Biomass SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LAND SURVEY RECORDS; LANDSCAPE-SCALE RESTORATION; GREAT-LAKES FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANCIENT FORESTS; PRESETTLEMENT VEGETATION; CHANGING CLIMATE; HARDWOOD FOREST; NEW-ENGLAND; BIG WOODS AB Background EuroAmerican land-use and its legacies have transformed forest structure and composition across the United States (US). More accurate reconstructions of historical states are critical to understanding the processes governing past, current, and future forest dynamics. Here we present new gridded (8x8km) reconstructions of pre-settlement (1800s) forest composition and structure from the upper Midwestern US (Minnesota, Wisconsin, and most of Michigan), using 19th Century Public Land Survey System (PLSS), with estimates of relative composition, above-ground biomass, stem density, and basal area for 28 tree types. This mapping is more robust than past efforts, using spatially varying correction factors to accommodate sampling design, azimuthal censoring, and biases in tree selection. Changes in Forest Structure We compare pre-settlement to modern forests using US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data to show the prevalence of lost forests (pre-settlement forests with no current analog), and novel forests (modern forests with no past analogs). Differences between pre-settlement and modern forests are spatially structured owing to differences in land-use impacts and accompanying ecological responses. Modern forests are more homogeneous, and ecotonal gradients are more diffuse today than in the past. Novel forest assemblages represent 28% of all FIA cells, and 28% of pre-settlement forests no longer exist in a modern context. Lost forests include tamarack forests in northeastern Minnesota, hemlock and cedar dominated forests in north-central Wisconsin and along the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and elm, oak, basswood and ironwood forests along the forest-prairie boundary in south central Minnesota and eastern Wisconsin. Novel FIA forest assemblages are distributed evenly across the region, but novelty shows a strong relationship to spatial distance from remnant forests in the upper Midwest, with novelty predicted at between 20 to 60km from remnants, depending on historical forest type. The spatial relationships between remnant and novel forests, shifts in ecotone structure and the loss of historic forest types point to significant challenges for land managers if landscape restoration is a priority. The spatial signals of novelty and ecological change also point to potential challenges in using modern spatial distributions of species and communities and their relationship to underlying geophysical and climatic attributes in understanding potential responses to changing climate. The signal of human settlement on modern forests is broad, spatially varying and acts to homogenize modern forests relative to their historic counterparts, with significant implications for future management. C1 [Goring, Simon J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mladenoff, David J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI USA. [Cogbill, Charles V.; Record, Sydne] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA USA. [Record, Sydne] Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Biol, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. [Paciorek, Christopher J.; Dawson, Andria] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Dietze, Michael C.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [McLachlan, Jason S.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Williams, John W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Williams, John W.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Goring, SJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM goring@wisc.edu FU National Science Foundation PaIEON MacroSystems Biology [DEB-1065702, DEB-1065656, DEB-1065848, DEB-1065732] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation PaIEON MacroSystems Biology under grant nos. DEB-1065702 (JSM, CJP, AD), DEB-1065656 (SJG, JWW), DEB-1065848 (MCD, JHM), DEB-1065732 (STJ). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 118 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 9 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 12 AR e0151935 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0151935 PG 34 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE4PU UT WOS:000389587100001 PM 27935944 ER PT J AU Lisle, JT Robbins, LL AF Lisle, John T. Robbins, Lisa L. TI Viral Lysis of Photosynthesizing Microbes As a Mechanism for Calcium Carbonate Nucleation in Seawater SO Frontiers in Microbiology LA English DT Article DE homogeneous nucleation; viruses; photosynthetic microorganisms; calcium carbonate ID BAHAMA BANK; INORGANIC CARBON; PRECIPITATION; WHITINGS; CACO3; KINETICS; ORIGIN; CO2; CRYSTALLIZATION; SYNECHOCOCCUS AB Removal of carbon through the precipitation and burial of calcium carbonate in marine sediments constitutes over 70% of the total carbon on Earth and is partitioned between coastal and pelagic zones. The precipitation of authigenic calcium carbonate in seawater, however, has been hotly debated because despite being in a supersaturated state, there is an absence of persistent precipitation. One of the explanations for this paradox is the geochemical conditions in seawater cannot overcome the activation energy barrier for the first step in any precipitation reaction; nucleation. Here we show that virally induced rupturing of photosynthetic cyanobacterial cells releases cytoplasmic-associated bicarbonate at concentrations 23-fold greater than in the surrounding seawater, thereby shifting the carbonate chemistry toward the homogenous nucleation of one or more of the calcium carbonate polymorphs. Using geochemical reaction energetics, we show the saturation states (Omega) in typical seawater for calcite (Omega = 4.3), aragonite (Omega = 3.1), and vaterite (Omega = 1.2) are significantly elevated following the release and diffusion of the cytoplasmic bicarbonate (Omega(calcite) = 95.7; Omega(aragonite) = 68.5; Omega(vaterite) = 25.9). These increases in Omega significantly reduce the activation energy for nuclei formation thresholds for all three polymorphs, but only vaterite nucleation is energetically favored. In the post-lysis seawater, vaterite's nuclei formation activation energy is significantly reduced from 1.85 x 10-(17) J to 3.85 x 10(-20) J. which increases the nuclei formation rate from highly improbable (< < 1.0 nuclei cm(-3) s(-1)) to instantaneous (8.60 x 10(25) nuclei cm(-3) s(-1)). The proposed model for homogenous nucleation of calcium carbonate in seawater describes a mechanism through which the initial step in the production of carbonate sediments may proceed. It also presents an additional role of photosynthesizing microbes and their viruses in marine carbon cycles and reveals these microorganisms are a collective repository for concentrated and reactive dissolved inorganic carbon (DIG) that is currently not accounted for in global carbon budgets and carbonate sediment diagenesis models. C1 [Lisle, John T.; Robbins, Lisa L.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Lisle, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jlisle@usgs.gov FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX We acknowledge support provided by USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD DEC 9 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 1958 DI 10.3389/finicb.2016.01958 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EE4BS UT WOS:000389547300001 PM 28018300 ER PT J AU Runkel, RL Kimball, BA Nimick, DA Walton-Day, K AF Runkel, Robert L. Kimball, Briant A. Nimick, David A. Walton-Day, Katherine TI Effects of Flow Regime on Metal Concentrations and the Attainment of Water Quality Standards in a Remediated Stream Reach, Butte, Montana SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLARK-FORK RIVER; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; IMPACTED RIVER; TRACE-METALS; CREEK; SEDIMENTS; COLORADO; BIOAVAILABILITY; SUPERFUND; TOXICITY AB Low-flow synoptic sampling campaigns are often used as the primary tool to characterize watersheds affected by mining. Although such campaigns are an invaluable part of site characterization, investigations which focus solely on low-flow conditions may yield misleading results. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate this point and elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the release of metals during rainfall runoff This objective is addressed using data from diel and synoptic sampling campaigns conducted over a two-day period. Low-flow synoptic sampling results indicate that concentrations of most constituents meet aquatic standards. This finding is in contrast to findings from a diel sampling campaign that captured dramatic increases in concentrations during rainfall runoff. Concentrations during the rising limb of the hydrograph were 2-23 times concentrations observed during synoptic sampling (most increases were >10-fold), remaining elevated during the receding limb of the hydrograph to produce a clockwise hysteresis loop. Hydrologic mechanisms responsible for the release of metals include increased transport due to resuspension of streambed solids, erosion of alluvial tailings, and overland flow. Rainfall also elevated the alluvial groundwater table and increased infiltration through the vadose zone, likely resulting in dissolution from alluvial tailings that were dry prior to the event. C1 [Runkel, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E127, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kimball, Briant A.] US Geol Survey, 2329 W Orton Circle, West Valley City, UT 84119 USA. [Nimick, David A.] US Geol Survey, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Walton-Day, Katherine] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Runkel, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E127, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM runkel@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Logistical support and field/laboratory assistance was provided by Laurie Balistrieri, Chris Gammons, Joe Griffin, Joe Mills, Joe Naughton, Steve Parker, Kim Schierenbeck, Alan Shiller, Sara Sparks, Judy Steiger, and Nick Tucci. Helpful review comments were provided by Curt Coover, Kent Whiting, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 6 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 23 BP 12641 EP 12649 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b03190 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE4FG UT WOS:000389557100014 PM 27934261 ER PT J AU Zhang, LM Wu, ZY Cheng, I Wright, LP Olson, ML Gay, DA Risch, MR Brooks, S Castro, MS Conley, GD Edgerton, ES Holsen, TM Luke, W Tordon, R Weiss-Penzias, P AF Zhang, Leiming Wu, Zhiyong Cheng, Irene Wright, L. Paige Olson, Mark L. Gay, David A. Risch, Martin R. Brooks, Steven Castro, Mark S. Conley, Gary D. Edgerton, Eric S. Holsen, Thomas M. Luke, Winston Tordon, Robert Weiss-Penzias, Peter TI The Estimated Six-Year Mercury Dry Deposition Across North America SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; PARTICULATE MERCURY; NATURAL SOURCES; UNITED-STATES; NETWORK; MARINE; MODELS; LITTERFALL; EASTERN; CANADA AB Dry deposition of atmospheric mercury (Hg) to various land covers surrounding 24 sites in North America was estimated for the years 2009 to 2014. Depending on location, multiyear mean annual Hg dry deposition was estimated to range from 5.1 to 23.8 mu g m(-2) yr(-1) to forested canopies, 2.6 to 20.8 mu g m(-2) yr(-1) to nonforest vegetated canopies, 2.4 to 11.2 mu g m(-2) yr(-1) to urban and built up land covers, and 1.0 to 3.2 mu g m(-2) yr(-1) to water surfaces. In the rural or remote environment in North America, annual Hg dry deposition to vegetated surfaces is dominated by leaf uptake of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), contrary to what was commonly assumed in earlier studies which frequently omitted GEM dry deposition as an important process. Dry deposition exceeded wet deposition by a large margin in all of the seasons except in the summer at the majority of the sites. GEM dry deposition over vegetated surfaces will not decrease at the same pace, and sometimes may even increase with decreasing anthropogenic emissions, suggesting that Hg emission reductions should be a long-term policy sustained by global cooperation. C1 [Zhang, Leiming; Wu, Zhiyong; Cheng, Irene] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Olson, Mark L.; Gay, David A.] Univ Illinois, Natl Atmospher Deposit Program, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. [Risch, Martin R.] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Brooks, Steven] Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. [Castro, Mark S.] Univ Maryland, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Conley, Gary D.] GreenReach LLC, Glouster, OH 45732 USA. [Edgerton, Eric S.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Holsen, Thomas M.] Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Luke, Winston] NOAA Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tordon, Robert] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. [Weiss-Penzias, Peter] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Zhang, LM (reprint author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM leiming.zhang@canada.ca RI Castro, Mark/J-6529-2015 OI Castro, Mark/0000-0002-4279-8204 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 6 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 23 BP 12864 EP 12873 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b04276 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE4FG UT WOS:000389557100039 PM 27934281 ER PT J AU Hebert, CE Popp, BN Fernie, KJ Ka'apu-Lyons, C Rattner, BA Wallsgrove, N AF Hebert, C. E. Popp, B. N. Fernie, K. J. Ka'apu-Lyons, C. Rattner, B. A. Wallsgrove, N. TI Amino Acid Specific Stable Nitrogen Isotope Values in Avian Tissues: Insights from Captive American Kestrels and Wild Herring Gulls SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; TROPHIC POSITION; CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HAIR PROTEIN; FATTY-ACIDS; EGGS; MERCURY; TRENDS; FISH AB Through laboratory and field studies, the utility of amino acid compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis (AA-CSIA) in avian studies is investigated. Captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were fed an isotopically characterized diet and patterns in delta N-15 values of amino acids (AAs) were compared to those in their tissues (muscle and red blood cells) and food. Based upon nitrogen isotope discrimination between diet and kestrel tissues, AAs could mostly be categorized as source AAs (retaining baseline delta N-15 values) and trophic AAs (showing N-15 enrichment). Trophic discrimination factors based upon the source (phenylalanine, Phe) and trophic (glutamic acid, Glu) AAs were 4.1 (muscle) and 5.4 (red blood cells), lower than those reported for metazoan invertebrates. In a field study involving omnivorous herring gulls (Larus argentatus smithsonianus), egg AA isotopic patterns largely retained those observed in the laying female's tissues (muscle, red blood cells, and liver). Realistic estimates of gull trophic position were obtained using bird Glu and Phe delta N-15 values combined with beta values (difference in Glu and Phe delta N-15 in primary producers) for aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Egg fatty acids were used to weight beta values for proportions of aquatic and terrestrial food in gull diets. This novel approach can be applied to generalist species that feed across ecosystem boundaries. C1 [Hebert, C. E.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Popp, B. N.; Ka'apu-Lyons, C.; Wallsgrove, N.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fernie, K. J.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Rattner, B. A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hebert, CE (reprint author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. EM craig.hebert@canada.ca NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 6 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 23 BP 12928 EP 12937 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b04407 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE4FG UT WOS:000389557100046 PM 27786442 ER PT J AU Garner, TWJ Schmidt, BR Martel, A Pasmans, F Muths, E Cunningham, AA Weldon, C Fisher, MC Bosch, J AF Garner, Trenton W. J. Schmidt, Benedikt R. Martel, An Pasmans, Frank Muths, Erin Cunningham, Andrew A. Weldon, Che Fisher, Matthew C. Bosch, Jaime TI Mitigating amphibian chytridiomycoses in nature SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE chytridiomycosis; mitigation; conservation strategy ID PATHOGEN BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; XENOPUS-LAEVIS TADPOLES; CHYTRID FUNGUS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; INFECTION DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL RATE; DISEASE; POPULATIONS; CONSERVATION; FROGS AB Amphibians across the planet face the threat of population decline and extirpation caused by the disease chytridiomycosis. Despite consensus that the fungal pathogens responsible for the disease are conservation issues, strategies to mitigate their impacts in the natural world are, at best, nascent. Reducing risk associated with the movement of amphibians, non-amphibian vectors and other sources of infection remains the first line of defence and a primary objective when mitigating the threat of disease in wildlife. Amphibian-associated chytridiomycete fungi and chytridiomycosis are already widespread, though, and we therefore focus on discussing options for mitigating the threats once disease emergence has occurred in wild amphibian populations. All strategies have shortcomings that need to be overcome before implementation, including stronger efforts towards understanding and addressing ethical and legal considerations. Even if these issues can be dealt with, all currently available approaches, or those under discussion, are unlikely to yield the desired conservation outcome of disease mitigation. The decision process for establishing mitigation strategies requires integrated thinking that assesses disease mitigation options critically and embeds them within more comprehensive strategies for the conservation of amphibian populations, communities and ecosystems. This article is part of the themed issue 'Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience'. C1 [Garner, Trenton W. J.; Cunningham, Andrew A.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, Regents Pk, London NW1 4RY, England. [Garner, Trenton W. J.; Weldon, Che] North West Univ, Unit Environm Res & Management, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Schmidt, Benedikt R.] Karch, Passage Maximilien de Meuron 6, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Schmidt, Benedikt R.] Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Martel, An; Pasmans, Frank] Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Pathol Bacteriol & Avian Dis, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. [Muths, Erin] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ft Collins, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Fisher, Matthew C.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England. [Bosch, Jaime] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. RP Garner, TWJ (reprint author), Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, Regents Pk, London NW1 4RY, England.; Garner, TWJ (reprint author), North West Univ, Unit Environm Res & Management, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. EM trent.garner@ioz.ac.uk RI Schmidt, Benedikt/B-8491-2008; Garner, Trenton/D-6873-2011; OI Schmidt, Benedikt/0000-0002-4023-1001; Fisher, Matthew/0000-0002-1862-6402 FU NERC [NE/K012509/1, NE/N009967/1]; Morris Animal Foundation [D12ZO-002]; BBVA Foundation FX T.W.J.G. acknowledges generous funding provided by NERC (NE/K012509/1 and NE/N009967/1) and the Morris Animal Foundation (D12ZO-002) and thanks the Royal Society for hosting for the presentation that this manuscript was preliminarily based on. J.B. acknowledges generous funding from the BBVA Foundation. NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 47 U2 47 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 5 PY 2016 VL 371 IS 1709 AR 20160207 DI 10.1098/rstb.2016.0207 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA ED5WQ UT WOS:000388923900017 ER PT J AU Lorch, JM Knowles, S Lankton, JS Michell, K Edwards, JL Kapfer, JM Staffen, RA Wild, ER Schmidt, KZ Ballmann, AE Blodgett, D Farrell, TM Glorioso, BM Last, LA Price, SJ Schuler, KL Smith, CE Wellehan, JFX Blehert, DS AF Lorch, Jeffrey M. Knowles, Susan Lankton, Julia S. Michell, Kathy Edwards, Jaime L. Kapfer, Joshua M. Staffen, Richard A. Wild, Erik R. Schmidt, Katie Z. Ballmann, Anne E. Blodgett, Doug Farrell, Terence M. Glorioso, Brad M. Last, Lisa A. Price, Steven J. Schuler, Krysten L. Smith, Christopher E. Wellehan, James F. X., Jr. Blehert, David S. TI Snake fungal disease: an emerging threat to wild snakes SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE dermatitis; emerging disease; fungal infection; North America; Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola; snake ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; OPHIDIOMYCES-OPHIODIICOLA; CROTALUS-HORRIDUS; TIMBER RATTLESNAKES; MYCOTIC DERMATITIS; POPULATION; INFECTION; THAMNOPHIS; MORTALITY; PATHOGENS AB Since 2006, there has been a marked increase in the number of reports of severe and often fatal fungal skin infections in wild snakes in the eastern USA. The emerging condition, referred to as snake fungal disease (SFD), was initially documented in rattlesnakes, where the infections were believed to pose a risk to the viability of affected populations. The disease is caused by Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, a fungus recently split from a complex of fungi long referred to as the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV). Here we review the current state of knowledge about O. ophiodiicola and SFD. In addition, we provide original findings which demonstrate that O. ophiodiicola is widely distributed in eastern North America, has a broad host range, is the predominant cause of fungal skin infections in wild snakes and often causes mild infections in snakes emerging from hibernation. This new information, together with what is already available in the scientific literature, advances our knowledge of the cause, pathogenesis and ecology of SFD. However, additional research is necessary to elucidate the factors driving the emergence of this disease and develop strategies to mitigate its impacts. This article is part of the themed issue 'Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience'. C1 [Lorch, Jeffrey M.; Knowles, Susan; Lankton, Julia S.; Schmidt, Katie Z.; Ballmann, Anne E.; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Michell, Kathy] New York Ctr Turtle Rehabil & Conservat Inc, Narrowburg, NY 12764 USA. [Edwards, Jaime L.; Smith, Christopher E.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Nongame Wildlife Program, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. [Kapfer, Joshua M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. [Staffen, Richard A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. [Wild, Erik R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Blodgett, Doug] Vermont Fish & Wildlife Dept, Rutland, VT 05701 USA. [Farrell, Terence M.] Stetson Univ, Dept Biol, Deland, FL 32723 USA. [Glorioso, Brad M.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Last, Lisa A.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Price, Steven J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Schuler, Krysten L.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Anim Hlth Diagnost Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wellehan, James F. X., Jr.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Lorch, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM jlorch@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources-Endangered Resources Fund FX This work was funded by the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources-Endangered Resources Fund. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 32 U2 32 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 5 PY 2016 VL 371 IS 1709 AR 20150457 DI 10.1098/rstb.2015.0457 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA ED5WQ UT WOS:000388923900004 ER PT J AU Endelin, EM Hamilton, GS O'Neel, S Bartholomaus, TC Morlighem, M Holt, JW AF Endelin, Ellyn M. Hamilton, Gordon S. O'Neel, Shad Bartholomaus, Timothy C. Morlighem, Mathieu Holt, John W. TI An Empirical Approach for Estimating Stress-Coupling Lengths for Marine-Terminating Glaciers SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE marine-terminating glaciers; force balance; stress-coupling; Columbia Glacier; Helheim Glacier; glacier dynamics ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; COLUMBIA GLACIER; FORCE BUDGET; BYRD GLACIER; ALASKA; FLOW; ANTARCTICA; THICKNESS; VELOCITIES; INVERSION AB Despite an increase in the abundance and resolution of observations, variability in the dynamic behavior of marine-terminating glaciers remains poorly understood. When paired with ice thicknesses, surface velocities can be used to quantify the dynamic redistribution of stresses in response to environmental perturbations through computation of the glacier force balance. However, because the force balance is not purely local, force balance calculations must be performed at the spatial scale over which stresses are transferred within glacier ice, or the stress-coupling length (SCL). Here we present a new empirical method to estimate the SCL for marine-terminating glaciers using high-resolution observations. We use the empirically-determined periodicity in resistive stress oscillations as a proxy for the SCL. Application of our empirical method to two well-studied tidewater glaciers (Helheim Glacier, SE Greenland, and Columbia Glacier, Alaska, USA) demonstrates that SCL estimates obtained using this approach are consistent with theory (i.e., can be parameterized as a function of the ice thickness) and with prior, independent SCL estimates. In order to accurately resolve stress variations, we suggest that similar empirical stress-coupling parameterizations be employed in future analyses of glacier dynamics. C1 [Endelin, Ellyn M.; Hamilton, Gordon S.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Endelin, Ellyn M.; Hamilton, Gordon S.] Univ Maine, Sch Earth & Climate Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [O'Neel, Shad] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Bartholomaus, Timothy C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Morlighem, Mathieu] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Holt, John W.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX USA. RP Endelin, EM (reprint author), Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA.; Endelin, EM (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Earth & Climate Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM ellyn.enderlin@gmail.com RI Morlighem, Mathieu/O-9942-2014 OI Morlighem, Mathieu/0000-0001-5219-1310 FU NASA [NNX14AH83G] FX This work was supported by NASA award NNX14AH83G to EE, SO, and GH. WorldView images were distributed by the Polar Geospatial Center at the University of Minnesota (http://www.pgs.umn.edu/imagery/satellite) as part of an agreement between the US National Science Foundation and the US National Geospatial Intelligence Agency Commercial Imagery Program. DEMs were generated from WorldView images using supercomputing resources provided by the University of Maine Advanced Computing Group. The DEMs, Columbia bed elevation map and filtered radar profiles, and Matlab code used to extract the SCL estimates are archived on the Maine DataVerse Network (http://dataverse.acg.maine.edu/dvn/dv/eep). TSX terminus positions for Helheim Glacier were provided by Twila Moon. We thank David Bahr and Jason Amundson for providing feedback on the methods and Evan Burgess for his help with the initial stages of data processing. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of any government agencies. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 2296-6463 J9 FRONT EARTH SCI JI Front. Earth Sci. PD DEC 2 PY 2016 VL 4 AR UNSP 104 DI 10.3389/feart.2016.00104 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EK0HZ UT WOS:000393608700001 ER PT J AU Storey, J Roy, DP Masek, J Gascon, F Dwyer, J Choate, M AF Storey, James Roy, David P. Masek, Jeffrey Gascon, Ferran Dwyer, John Choate, Michael TI A note on the temporary misregistration of Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Instrument (MSI) imagery SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat; Sentinel-2; Image registration ID MISSION AB The Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 sensors provide multi-spectral image data with similar spectral and spatial characteristics that together provide improved temporal coverage globally. Both systems are designed to register Level 1 products to a reference image framework, however, the Landsat-8 framework, based upon the Global Land Survey images, contains residual geolocation errors leading to an expected sensor-to-sensor misregistration of 38 m (24 These misalignments vary geographically but should be stable for a given area. The Landsat framework will be readjusted for consistency with the Sentinel-2 Global Reference Image, with completion expected in 2018. In the interim, users can measure Landsat-to-Sentinel tie points to quantify the misalignment in their area of interest and if appropriate to reproject the data to better alignment. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Storey, James; Choate, Michael] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Sioux Falls, SD 57030 USA. [Roy, David P.] South Dakota State Univ, Geospatial Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Masek, Jeffrey] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gascon, Ferran] European Space Agcy, European Space Res Inst ESRIN, Frascati, Italy. [Dwyer, John] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57030 USA. RP Storey, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Sioux Falls, SD 57030 USA. EM james.storey.cti@usgs.gov; david.roy@sdstate.edu; jeffrey.g.masek@nasa.gov; ferran.gascon@esa.int; dwyer@usgs.gov; michael.choate.ctr@usgs.gov OI Dwyer, John/0000-0002-8281-0896 FU NASA Land Cover/Land Use Change [LCLUCI4-2]; Multi-Source Land Imaging Science Program [NNX15AK94G]; U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) [G12PC00069, G15PC00012] FX This research was funded by the NASA Land Cover/Land Use Change (LCLUCI4-2), Multi-Source Land Imaging Science Program [Grant NNX15AK94G], and by the U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), [Grant G12PC00069 and USGS contract number G15PC00012]. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 186 BP 121 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.08.025 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EO0IW UT WOS:000396382500009 ER PT J AU Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A Jones, CE AF Ramsey, Elijah, III Rangoonwala, Amina Jones, Cathleen E. TI Marsh canopy structure changes and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE NASA UAVSAR; Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PoISAR); Deepwater Horizon oil spill; Leaf area index (LAI) and leaf angle distribution (LAD); Marsh change maps ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR; BARATARIA BAY; LOUISIANA; RECOVERY; IMPACTS; DIEBACK; SAR AB Marsh canopy structure was mapped yearly from 2009 to 2012 in the Barataria Bay, Louisiana coastal region that was impacted by the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill. Based on the previously demonstrated capability of NASA's UAVSAR polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PoISAR) image data to map Spartina alterniflora marsh canopy structure, structure maps combining the leaf area index (LAI) and leaf angle distribution (IAD, orientation) were constructed for yearly intervals that were directly relatable to the 2010 LAI-LAD classification. The yearly LAI-LAD and LAI difference maps were used to investigate causes for the previously revealed dramatic change in marsh structure from prespill (2009) to postspill (2010, spill cessation), and the occurrence of structure features that exhibited abnormal spatial and temporal patterns. Water level and salinity records showed that freshwater releases used to keep the oil offshore did not cause the rapid growth from 2009 to 2010 in marsh surrounding the inner Bay. Photointerpretation of optical image data determined that interior marsh patches exhibiting rapid change were caused by burns and burn recovery, and that the pattern of 2010 to 2011 1AI decreases in backshore marsh and extending along some tidal channels into the interior marsh were not associated with burns. Instead, the majority of 2010 to 2011 shoreline features aligned with vectors displaying the severity of 2010 shoreline oiling from the DWH spill. Although the association is not conclusive of a causal oil impact, the coexistent pattern is a significant discovery. PoISAR marsh structure mapping provided a unique perspective of marsh biophysical status that enhanced detection of change and monitoring of trends important to management effectiveness. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ramsey, Elijah, III; Rangoonwala, Amina] Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Us Geol Survey, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, IA 70506 USA. [Jones, Cathleen E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Us Geol Survey, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, IA 70506 USA. EM ramseye@usgs.gov FU National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) [11-TE11-104] FX We thank Francis Fields Jr. of the Apache Louisiana Minerals LLC, a subsidiary of Apache Corporation, for access to their properties and Jeff Deblieux IV of the Louisiana Land and Exploration Company, a subsidiary of Conoco Phillips, for access to their properties. We are indebted to late Clint Jeske of the U.S. Geological Survey for his invaluable assistance in field reconnaissance. We thank William Jones of the U.S. Geological Survey and Corey Hotard a U.S. Geological Survey student intern for locating archived optical image data. Research was supported in part by the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) grant #11-TE11-104 and was carried out in collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. UAVSAR data are provided courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 186 BP 350 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.08.001 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EO0IW UT WOS:000396382500027 ER PT J AU Buffington, KJ Dugger, BD Thorne, KM Takekawa, JY AF Buffington, Kevin J. Dugger, Bruce D. Thorne, Karen M. Takekawa, John Y. TI Statistical correction of lidar-derived digital elevation models with multispectral airborne imagery in tidal marshes SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE RTK-GPS surveys; Accuracy; LEAN; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); Sea-level rise ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SALT-MARSH; COASTAL MARSHES; PLANT ZONATION; RESPONSES; ACCURACY; BIOMASS; NDVI; SOIL AB Airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) is a valuable tool for collecting large amounts of elevation data across large areas; however, the limited ability to penetrate dense vegetation with lidar hinders its usefulness for measuring tidal marsh platforms. Methods to correct lidar elevation data are available, but a reliable method that requires limited field work and maintains spatial resolution is lacking. We present a novel method, the Lidar Elevation Adjustment with NDVI (LEAN), to correct lidar digital elevation models (DEMs) with vegetation indices from readily available multispectral airborne imagery (NAIP) and RTK-GPS surveys. Using 17 study sites along the Pacific coast of the U.S., we achieved an average root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.072 m, with a 40-75% improvement in accuracy from the lidar bare earth DEM. Results from our method compared favorably with results from three other methods (minimum-bin gridding, mean error correction, and vegetation correction factors), and a power analysis applying our extensive RTK-GPS dataset showed that on average 118 points were necessary to calibrate a site -specific correction model for tidal marshes along the Pacific coast. By using available imagery and with minimal field surveys, we showed that lidar-derived DEMs can be adjusted for greater accuracy while maintaining high (1 m) resolution. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Buffington, Kevin J.; Dugger, Bruce D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Buffington, Kevin J.; Thorne, Karen M.; Takekawa, John Y.] Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] Richardson Bay Audubon Ctr & Sanctuary, Audubon Calif, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. RP Buffington, KJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kevin.buffington@oregonstate.edu; bruce.dugger@oregonstate.edu; kthorne@usgs.gov; john.takekawa@usgs.gov FU DOI U.S. Geological Survey; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration EESLR program [NA15NOS4780171]; Northwest Climate Science Center (NWCSC) [1434-03HQRU1584]; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service North Pacific [F11RG0048]; California Landscape Conservation Cooperatives [80250-A-H100]; Oregon State University; NWCSC fellowship [G10AC00702]; Western Ecological Research Center; National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; Southwest Climate Science Center FX The authors would like to thank all the technicians who helped collect the RTK-GPS data for this study, including C. Freeman, K. Powelson, K. Lovett, L Curry, P. Elson, T. Henner, and T. Bui. Thanks also to A. Nolin, C. Janousek and J. Vogeler for valuable conversations, comments, and insight. E. Harrington and C. Malachowski provided editorial assistance on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Special thanks to L. Schile for providing the vegetation corrected DEMs of China Camp and Coon Island for comparisons to LEAN. We would also like to thank DOI U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration EESLR program (NA15NOS4780171), Northwest Climate Science Center (NWCSC; 1434-03HQRU1584), Southwest Climate Science Center, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service North Pacific (F11RG0048) and California Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (80250-A-H100), Oregon State University and a NWCSC fellowship (G10AC00702) for funding support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This publication is solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Northwest Climate Science Center or the USGS. This manuscript is submitted for publication with the understanding that the United States Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 186 BP 616 EP 625 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.09.020 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EO0IW UT WOS:000396382500046 ER PT J AU Robertson, BA Chalfoun, AD AF Robertson, Bruce A. Chalfoun, Anna D. TI Evolutionary traps as keys to understanding behavioral maladapation SO CURRENT OPINION IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID ECOLOGICAL TRAPS; HABITAT SELECTION; CONSEQUENCES; ENVIRONMENTS; CONSERVATION; DISPERSAL; DECISIONS; INSECTS; BIRD AB Evolutionary traps are severe cases of behavioral maladaptation that occur when, due to human activity, the cues animals use to guide their behavior become uncoupled from their fitness consequences. The result is that animals can prefer the most dangerous resources or behaviors, even when better options are available. Traps are increasingly common and represent a significant wildlife conservation problem. Understanding of the more proximate sensory-cognitive mechanisms underpinning traps remains poor, which highlights the need for interdisciplinary and collaborative approaches to investigating traps. Key to advancing basic trap theory and its conservation applications will be the development of appropriate and tractable model systems to investigate the mechanisms that cause traps within species, and how mechanisms vary across species. C1 [Robertson, Bruce A.] Bard Coll, Div Sci Math & Comp, Annandale On Hudson, NY 12504 USA. [Chalfoun, Anna D.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Robertson, BA (reprint author), Bard Coll, Div Sci Math & Comp, Annandale On Hudson, NY 12504 USA. EM broberts@bard.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Andy Sih for encouraging us to write this perspective. Bruce Robertson was supported by a sabbatical from Bard College. Anna Chalfoun acknowledges the financial support from the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-1546 EI 2352-1554 J9 CURR OPIN BEHAV SCI JI Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 12 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.08.007 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences SC Behavioral Sciences GA EM5AK UT WOS:000395324100004 ER PT J AU Anteau, MJ Wiltermuth, MT van der Burg, MP Pearse, AT AF Anteau, Michael J. Wiltermuth, Mark T. van der Burg, Max Post Pearse, Aaron T. TI Prerequisites for Understanding Climate-Change Impacts on Northern Prairie Wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Climate change; Conservation; Consolidation drainage; Hydrology; Wetland drainage; Wetland dynamics; Waterbird; Waterfowl ID LAND-USE CHANGE; POTHOLE REGION; UNITED-STATES; UPPER-MIDWEST; LESSER SCAUP; LANDSCAPE; WATERFOWL; USA; CONSERVATION; AGRICULTURE AB The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) contains ecosystems that are typified by an extensive matrix of grasslands and depressional wetlands, which provide numerous ecosystem services. Over the past 150 years the PPR has experienced numerous landscape modifications resulting in agricultural conversion of 75-99 % of native prairie uplands and drainage of 50-90% of wetlands. There is concern over how and where conservation dollars should be spent within the PPR to protect and restore wetland basins to support waterbird populations that will be robust to a changing climate. However, while hydrological impacts of landscape modifications appear substantial, they are still poorly understood. Previous modeling efforts addressing impacts of climate change on PPR wetlands have yet to fully incorporate interacting or potentially overshadowing impacts of landscape modification. We outlined several information needs for building more informative models to predict climate change effects on PPR wetlands. We reviewed how landscape modification influences wetland hydrology and present a conceptual model to describe how modified wetlands might respond to climate variability. We note that current climate projections do not incorporate cyclical variability in climate between wet and dry periods even though such dynamics have shaped the hydrology and ecology of PPR wetlands. We conclude that there are at least three prerequisite steps to making meaningful predictions about effects of climate change on PPR wetlands. Those evident to us are: 1) an understanding of how physical and watershed characteristics of wetland basins of similar hydroperiods vary across temperature and moisture gradients; 2) a mechanistic understanding of how wetlands respond to climate across a gradient of anthropogenic modifications; and 3) improved climate projections for the PPR that can meaningfully represent potential changes in climate variability including intensity and duration of wet and dry periods. Once these issues are addressed, we contend that modeling efforts will better inform and quantify ecosystem services provided by wetlands to meet needs of waterbird conservation and broader societal interests such as flood control and water quality. C1 [Anteau, Michael J.; Wiltermuth, Mark T.; van der Burg, Max Post; Pearse, Aaron T.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Anteau, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM manteau@usgs.gov OI Wiltermuth, Mark/0000-0002-8871-2816 FU North Dakota Game and Fish Department; Plains and Prairie Pothole Landscape Cooperative, Ducks Unlimited-Great Plains Regional Office; Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research of Ducks Unlimited Canada; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Wetlands and Guest Editor David Mushet for inviting us to submit this manuscript for publication. Funding for the research that informed this manuscript was provided by: North Dakota Game and Fish Department; Plains and Prairie Pothole Landscape Cooperative, Ducks Unlimited-Great Plains Regional Office, Dr. Bruce D. J. Batt Fellowship in Waterfowl Conservation granted by the Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research of Ducks Unlimited Canada, and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank A. Lawton, and P. Mockus for their technical or GIS work. We are grateful to L. McCauley for her hard work and leadership on and earlier study that informed this manuscript. We also thank U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Refuge system, Wetland Management Districts, and Partners for Fish and Wildlife in North Dakota for logistical support. We appreciate the helpful comments provided on previous versions of this manuscript provided by David Mushet, Chuck Loesch, and anonymous reviewers. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2016 VL 36 SU 2 BP S299 EP S307 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0811-2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK7VU UT WOS:000394134100007 ER PT J AU Bansal, S Tangen, B Finocchiaro, R AF Bansal, Sheel Tangen, Brian Finocchiaro, Ray TI Temperature and Hydrology Affect Methane Emissions from Prairie Pothole Wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Grassland; Great Plains; Greenhouse gas; Hydrology; Sulfate ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-TABLE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REGION; FLUXES; PEATLANDS; CANADA; SOILS; CH4 AB The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) in central North America consists of millions of depressional wetlands that each have considerable potential to emit methane (CH4). Changes in temperature and hydrology in the PPR from climate change may affect methane fluxes from these wetlands. To assess the potential effects of changes in climate on methane emissions, we examined the relationships between flux rates and temperature or water depth using six years of bi-weekly flux measurements during the snow-free period from six temporarily ponded and six permanently ponded wetlands in North Dakota, USA. Methane flux rates were among the highest reported for freshwater wetlands, and had considerable spatial and temporal variation. Methane flux rates increased with increasing temperature and water depth, and were especially high when conditions were warmer and wetter than average (163 +/- 28 mg CH4 m(-2) h(-1)) compared to warmer and drier (37 +/- 7 mg CH4 m(-2) h(-1)). Methane emission rates from permanent wetlands were less sensitive to changes in temperature and water depth compared to temporary wetlands, likely due to higher sulfate concentrations in permanent wetlands. While the predicted increase in temperature with climate change will likely increase methane emission rates from PPR wetlands, drier conditions could moderate these increases. C1 [Bansal, Sheel; Tangen, Brian; Finocchiaro, Ray] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St Southeast, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Bansal, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St Southeast, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM sbansal@usgs.gov OI Bansal, Sheel/0000-0003-1233-1707 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Climate Research and Development Program FX Our sincere thanks are given to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for use of the CLSA that they steward. We thank C. Dahl, J. Meier, A. Timm, P. Mockus, and several other technicians that assisted in the collection of data. We also thank D. Buhl for statistical support and A. Boyd for assisting with figures. Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate Research and Development Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2016 VL 36 SU 2 BP S371 EP S381 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0826-8 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK7VU UT WOS:000394134100012 ER PT J AU Cressey, RL Austin, JE Stafford, JD AF Cressey, Ryann L. Austin, Jane E. Stafford, Joshua D. TI Three Responses of Wetland Conditions to Climatic Extremes in the Prairie Pothole Region SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Climate; Drought; Prairie pothole region; Water chemistry; Wet-dry cycle; Wetlands ID COMPLEX AB Wetlands in central North Dakota were revisited after 50 years to assess changes following extreme drought and a prolonged wet period. We compared data collected during 1961-1966 to current (2013-2014) wetland conditions. We revisited 80 wetlands in 2013 and 2014 across three study areas and measured wetland area, pondedwater depth, and specific conductance. Wetlands at the three study areas responded to prolonged wet conditions in one of three ways. Wetlands at Crystal Springs became larger, and had deeper ponds of lower specific conductance in 2013-14 compared to the 1960s. Wetlands at Cottonwood were larger with deeper ponds of slightly higher specific conductance in 2013-2014. Wetlands at Mt. Moriah had only subtle changes in size, pond depth, and specific conductance between periods. Prolonged wet conditions led to merging of most wetlands (defined as the outer edge of wet-meadow vegetation) at Crystal Springs and a fewwetlands at Cottonwood. Lowtopographic relief at Crystal Springs and Cottonwood contributed to storage of excess water in wetlands with associated responses to prolonged wet conditions. In contrast, higher topographic relief and natural outlets into two intermittent streams at Mt. Moriah resulted in wetlands being less impacted by prolonged wet conditions. C1 [Cressey, Ryann L.] South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Cressey, Ryann L.] Ducks Unltd Inc, Great Plains Reg Off, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. [Austin, Jane E.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Stafford, Joshua D.] South Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Nat Resource Management, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Cressey, RL (reprint author), South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.; Cressey, RL (reprint author), Ducks Unltd Inc, Great Plains Reg Off, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. EM rcressey@ducks.org FU U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center in Jamestown, North Dakota FX This project was funded by U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center in Jamestown, North Dakota. Housing and additional logistic support was provided by Chase Lake Wetland Management District in Woodworth, North Dakota. We thank Carter Johnson, Carol Johnston, and 2 anonymous reviewers for providing constructive reviews on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project could not have been done without the help of technicians, Beth Harmsen and Alyse Homola. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2016 VL 36 SU 2 BP S357 EP S370 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0818-8 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK7VU UT WOS:000394134100011 ER PT J AU Goldhaber, MB Mills, CT Mushet, DM McCleskey, BB Rover, J AF Goldhaber, Martin B. Mills, Christopher T. Mushet, David M. McCleskey, Blaine B. Rover, Jennifer TI Controls on the Geochemical Evolution of Prairie Pothole Region Lakes and Wetlands Over Decadal Time Scales SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Prairie Potholes; Geochemistry; Climate; Landsat; Stutsman County; Kidder County; North Dakota ID GLACIATED PLAINS; NORTH-AMERICA; DYNAMICS; SULFUR; DAKOTA; COMPLEX; SULFATE; SOILS; TILL AB One hundred sixty-seven Prairie Pothole lakes, ponds and wetlands (largely lakes) previously analyzed chemically during the late 1960's and early to mid-1970's were resampled and reanalyzed in 2011-2012. The two sampling periods differed climatically. The earlier sampling took place during normal to slightly dry conditions, whereas the latter occurred during and immediately following exceptionally wet conditions. As reported previously in Mushet et al. (2015), the dominant effect was expansion of the area of these lakes and dilution of their major ions. However, within that context, there were significant differences in the evolutionary pathways of major ions. To establish these pathways, we employed the inverse modeling computer code NetpathXL. This code takes the initial and final lake composition and, using mass balance constrained by the composition of diluting waters, and input and output of phases, calculates plausible geochemical evolution pathways. Despite the fact that in most cases major ions decreased, a subset of the lakes had an increase in SO42-. This distinction is significant because SO42- is the dominant anion in a majority of Prairie Pothole Region wetlands and lakes. For lakes with decreasing SO42-, the proportion of original lake water required for mass balance was subordinate to rainwater and/or overland flow. In contrast, lakes with increasing SO42- between the two sampling episodes tended to be dominated by original lake water. This suite of lakes tended to be smaller and have lower initial SO42- concentrations such that inputs of sulfur from dissolution of theminerals gypsum or pyrite had a significant impact on the final sulfur concentration given the lower dilution factors. Thus, our study provides context for how Prairie Pothole Region water bodies evolve geochemically as climate changes. Because wetland geochemistry in turn controls the ecology of these water bodies, this research contributes to the prediction of the impact of climate change on this important complex of ecosystems. C1 [Goldhaber, Martin B.; Mills, Christopher T.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80224 USA. [Mushet, David M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [McCleskey, Blaine B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Rover, Jennifer] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources & Observat Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Goldhaber, MB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80224 USA. EM mgold@usgs.gov FU USGS Ecosystems Mission Area FX We wish to thank Chip Euliss and Tom Winter for both their pioneering research and patient tutelage on the Prairie Pothole science. We would also like to than the USGS Ecosystems Mission Area for support. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2016 VL 36 SU 2 BP S255 EP S272 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0854-4 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK7VU UT WOS:000394134100004 ER PT J AU Hayashi, M van der Kamp, G Rosenberry, DO AF Hayashi, Masaki van der Kamp, Garth Rosenberry, Donald O. TI Hydrology of Prairie Wetlands: Understanding the Integrated Surface-Water and Groundwater Processes SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Prairie pothole; Slough; Water balance; Wetland complex; Land use; Climate change ID COTTONWOOD LAKE AREA; POTHOLE REGION WETLANDS; NORTH-AMERICAN PRAIRIES; CANADIAN PRAIRIES; GLACIATED PLAINS; ADJACENT UPLANDS; SOLUTE TRANSFER; DAKOTA; CLIMATE; SOIL AB Wetland managers and policy makers need to make decisions based on a sound scientific understanding of hydrological and ecological functions of wetlands. This article presents an overview of the hydrology of prairie wetlands intended for managers, policy makers, and researchers new to this field (e.g., graduate students), and a quantitative conceptual framework for understanding the hydrological functions of prairie wetlands and their responses to changes in climate and land use. The existence of prairie wetlands in the semi-arid environment of the Prairie-Pothole Region (PPR) depends on the lateral inputs of runoff water from their catchments because mean annual potential evaporation exceeds precipitation in the PPR. Therefore, it is critically important to consider wetlands and catchments as highly integrated hydrological units. The water balance of individual wetlands is strongly influenced by runoff from the catchment and the exchange of groundwater between the central pond and its moist margin. Land-use practices in the catchment have a sensitive effect on runoff and hence the water balance. Surface and subsurface storage and connectivity among individual wetlands controls the diversity of pond permanence within a wetland complex, resulting in a variety of ecohydrological functionalities necessary for maintaining the integrity of prairie-wetland ecosystems. C1 [Hayashi, Masaki] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB, Canada. [van der Kamp, Garth] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Rosenberry, Donald O.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Hayashi, M (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB, Canada. EM hayashi@ucalgary.ca RI Hayashi, Masaki/E-2600-2012 FU Canadian Wildlife Service; Ducks Unlimited Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Environment Canada Science Horizons Program; Climate Change Action Fund FX This paper presents the culmination of our research over the past quarter century and is built on the long-term data collected by our predecessors. We thank many colleagues and students who have contributed and are still contributing to the hydrological studies of prairie wetlands in Canada and the U.S.A. In particular, this paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Tom Winter, who set the foundation for hydrological studies of prairie wetlands and inspired generations of wetland hydrologists. The field research program at the St. Denis National Wildlife Area was supported by the Canadian Wildlife Service, Ducks Unlimited Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Environment Canada Science Horizons Program, and the Climate Change Action Fund. We thank Randy Schmidt for his many years of service in assisting with the field program. The Cottonwood Lake study area in east-central North Dakota likely would be cropland if not for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Waterfowl Protection Area on which it is located. We are grateful for the continuation of multiple decades of research at the Cottonwood Lake wetlands that is managed by David Mushet, U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Brian Neff and two anonymous reviewers for constructive suggestions. NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2016 VL 36 SU 2 BP S237 EP S254 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0797-9 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK7VU UT WOS:000394134100003 ER PT J AU LaBaugh, JW Mushet, DM Rosenberry, DO Euliss, NH Goldhaber, MB Mills, CT Nelson, RD AF LaBaugh, James W. Mushet, David M. Rosenberry, Donald O. Euliss, Ned H., Jr. Goldhaber, Martin B. Mills, Christopher T. Nelson, Richard D. TI Changes in Pond Water Levels and Surface Extent Due to Climate Variability Alter Solute Sources to Closed-Basin Prairie-Pothole Wetland Ponds, 1979 to 2012 SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Prairie pothole; Wetlands; Climate variability; Solute sources ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; COTTONWOOD LAKE AREA; DEVILS LAKE; GLACIATED PLAINS; 2 MILLENNIA; DAKOTA; SALINITY; USA; FLUCTUATIONS; GROUNDWATER AB Wetter conditions beginning in 1993 resulted in marked changes in water levels and surface extent of prairiepothole region wetland ponds, including closed-basin wetlands in the Cottonwood Lake area of North Dakota, U.S.A. Pond water levels after 1993 were consistently 0.5 to 2 m higher than during 1979-1993 (<= 1 m deep) in wetlands lacking surface or substantial groundwater outlets, and ponds of some wetlands merged. Pond surface areas after 1993 were as much as twice pre-1993 areas. Weathered glacial till in the inundated uplands provided a source of solutes from the subsurface beyond the extent of the weathered wetland periphery and wetland sediments that existed before 1993. Increased pond peripheries also provided for more movement of solutes from shallow groundwater into wetland ponds during the wetter period. Long periods of higher water levels during pronounced wetter conditions can be associated with increased specific conductance for some wetland ponds. In wetlands receiving no groundwater input, specific conductance values of ponded waters were indistinguishable between wetter and preceding conditions. Thus, changes in specific conductance in wetland ponds during wetter climate conditions cannot be assumed to be uniform, a result of changing watershed solute sources. C1 [LaBaugh, James W.] US Geol Survey, 411 Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Mushet, David M.; Euliss, Ned H., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37Th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Rosenberry, Donald O.] US Geol Survey, W 6th Ave Kipling St MS 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Goldhaber, Martin B.; Mills, Christopher T.] US Geol Survey, W 6th Ave Kipling St MS 964, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Nelson, Richard D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 3425 Miriam Ave, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP LaBaugh, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 411 Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jlabaugh@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change-Research and Development Program FX The analysis presented herein would not have been possible without the work of colleagues George Swanson and Vyto Adomaitis who began ecological studies of the Cottonwood Lake area wetlands site in 1967 and the detailed hydrological studies started by Tom Winter in 1978. Their foundational studies were essential to enable us to examine processes over such a long term. Data from Cottonwood Lake area wetlands (for example, Mushet and Solensky 2016; Mushet et al. 2016) are available through the Missouri Coteau Wetland Ecosystem Observatory (https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/52f0ffd9e4b0f941aa181fc6) and maintained through funding received from the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change-Research and Development Program. We thank Kevin Vining, Sandy Cooper, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments and suggestions. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2016 VL 36 SU 2 BP S343 EP S355 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0808-x PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK7VU UT WOS:000394134100010 ER PT J AU Leibowitz, SG Mushet, DM Newton, WE AF Leibowitz, Scott G. Mushet, David M. Newton, Wesley E. TI Intermittent Surface Water Connectivity: Fill and Spill Vs. Fill and Merge Dynamics SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Hydrologic connectivity; Geographically isolated wetlands; Prairie potholes; Cottonwood Lake; Water level; Specific conductance; Macroinvertebrate NMS ID GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED WETLANDS; PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; HYDROLOGIC CONNECTIVITY; NORTH-DAKOTA; FLOODPLAIN WETLANDS; LANDSCAPE; COMPLEX; PERSPECTIVE; AREA; TERM AB Intermittent surface connectivity can influence aquatic systems, since chemical and biotic movements are often associated with water flow. Although often referred to as fill and spill, wetlands also fill and merge. We examined the effects of these connection types on water levels, ion concentrations, and biotic communities of eight prairie pothole wetlands between 1979 and 2015. Fill and spill caused pulsed surface water connections that were limited to periods following spring snow melt. In contrast, two wetlands connected through fill and merge experienced a nearly continuous, 20-year surface water connection and had completely coincident water levels. Fill and spill led to minimal convergence in dissolved ions and macroinvertebrate composition, while these constituents converged under fill and merge. The primary factor determining differences in response was duration of the surface water connection between wetland pairs. Our findings suggest that investigations into the effects of intermittent surface water connections should not consider these connections generically, but need to address the specific types of connections. In particular, fill and spill promotes external water exports while fill and merge favors internal storage. The behaviors of such intermittent connections will likely be accentuated under a future with more frequent and severe climate extremes. C1 [Leibowitz, Scott G.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Mushet, David M.; Newton, Wesley E.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Leibowitz, SG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM leibowitz.scott@epa.gov FU USGS Climate and Land-use Change Mission Area Research and Development Program FX We thank James Jawitz, Brian Neff, and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments that improved this paper. Funding to support maintenance of long-term datasets and associated data collection efforts at the CLSA come from the USGS Climate and Land-use Change Mission Area Research and Development Program. All data used in our analyses are openly available through ScienceBase at https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/52f0ffd9e4b0f941aa181fc6. This manuscript has been subjected to Agency review and has been approved for publication. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2016 VL 36 SU 2 BP S323 EP S342 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0830-z PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK7VU UT WOS:000394134100009 ER PT J AU McLean, KI Mushet, DM Renton, DA Stockwell, CA AF McLean, Kyle I. Mushet, David M. Renton, David A. Stockwell, Craig A. TI Aquatic-Macroinvertebrate Communities of Prairie-Pothole Wetlands and Lakes Under a Changed Climate SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Climate variability; Community structure; Prairie pothole region; Predation effects; Structural equation modeling ID SALINE LAKES; FATHEAD MINNOW; NORTH-DAKOTA; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; TIGER SALAMANDERS; SHALLOW LAKES; FISH; INVERTEBRATES; USA; PRODUCTIVITY AB Understanding how aquatic-macroinvertebrate communities respond to changes in climate is important for biodiversity conservation in the Prairie Pothole Region and other wetland-rich landscapes. We sampled macroinvertebrate communities of 162 wetlands and lakes previously sampled from 1966 to 1976, a much drier period compared to our 2012-2013 sampling timeframe. To identify possible influences of a changed climate and predation pressures on macroinvertebrates, we compared two predictors of aquatic-macroinvertebrate communities: ponded-water dissolved-ion concentration and vertebrate-predator presence/abundance. Further, we make inferences of how macroinvertebrate communities were structured during the drier period when the range of dissolved-ion concentrations was much greater and fish occurrence in aquatic habitats was rare. We found that aquatic-macroinvertebrate community structure was influenced by dissolved-ion concentrations through a complex combination of direct and indirect relationships. Ion concentrations also influenced predator occurrence and abundance, which indirectly affected macroinvertebrate communities. It is important to consider both abiotic and biotic gradients when predicting how invertebrate communities will respond to climate change. Generally, in the wetlands and lakes we studied, freshening of ponded water resulted in more homogenous communities than occurred during a much drier period when salinity range among sites was greater. C1 [McLean, Kyle I.; Mushet, David M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Renton, David A.] North Dakota State Univ, Nat Resource Management Program, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Stockwell, Craig A.] North Dakota State Univ, Environm & Conservat Sci Program, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Stockwell, Craig A.] North Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP McLean, KI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM kmclean@usgs.gov OI McLean, Kyle/0000-0003-3803-0136 FU USGS Climate and Land-use Change - Research and Development Program FX We thank V. Aparicio, M. Bichler, S. Kale, and H. Incauskis for assisting with field collections and laboratory processing of invertebrate samples, and M. Wiltermuth and two anonymous reviewers for their critical reviews of an earlier version of our manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the USGS Climate and Land-use Change - Research and Development Program. Authors complied with all applicable USGS and North Dakota State University Institutional Animal Care and Use guidelines (IACUC Protocol #13033) while conducting this research, and all required state and federal permits were obtained. Data used in our analyses will be made openly available through ScienceBase via the USGS's Missouri Coteau Wetland Ecosystem Observatory at https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/52f0ffd9e4b0f941aa181fc6. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2016 VL 36 SU 2 BP S423 EP S435 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0848-2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK7VU UT WOS:000394134100016 ER PT J AU McLean, KI Mushet, DM Stockwell, CA AF McLean, Kyle I. Mushet, David M. Stockwell, Craig A. TI From "Duck Factory" to "Fish Factory": Climate Induced Changes in Vertebrate Communities of Prairie Pothole Wetlands and Small Lakes SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Climate variability; Fathead minnows; Fish colonization; Flooding; Tiger salamanders; Water chemistry; Wetland expansion ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; NORTH-DAKOTA; FATHEAD MINNOW; DEVILS-LAKE; WALKER LAKE; WATER; USA; INVERTEBRATES; SURVIVAL; ECOSYSTEM AB The Prairie Pothole Region's myriad wetlands and small lakes contribute to its stature as the "duck factory" of North America. The fishless nature of the region's aquatic habitats, a result of frequent drying, freezing, and high salinity, influences its importance to waterfowl. Recent precipitation increases have resulted in higher water levels and wetland/lake freshening. In 2012-13, we sampled chemical characteristics and vertebrates (fish and salamanders) of 162 Prairie Pothole wetlands and small lakes. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling, principal component analysis, and bootstrapping techniques to reveal relationships. We found fish present in a majority of sites (84 %). Fish responses to water chemistry varied by species. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and brook sticklebacks (Culaea inconstans) occurred across the broadest range of conditions. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) occurred in a smaller, chemically defined, subset. Iowa darters (Etheostoma exile) were restricted to the narrowest range of conditions. Tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) rarely occurred in lakes with fish. We also compared our chemical data to similar data collected in 1966-1976 to explore factors contributing to the expansion of fish into previously fishless sites. Our work contributes to a better understanding of relationships between aquatic biota and climate-induced changes in this ecologically important area. C1 [McLean, Kyle I.] North Dakota State Univ, Environm & Conservat Sci Program, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [McLean, Kyle I.; Mushet, David M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Stockwell, Craig A.] North Dakota State Univ, Environm & Conservat Sci Program, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Stockwell, Craig A.] North Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP McLean, KI (reprint author), North Dakota State Univ, Environm & Conservat Sci Program, Fargo, ND 58105 USA.; McLean, KI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM kmclean@usgs.gov OI McLean, Kyle/0000-0003-3803-0136 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land-use Change - Research and Development Program FX We thank Dr. Martin Goldhaber and Dr. Chris Mills for providing ionic composition data used for this study. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land-use Change - Research and Development Program. Authors complied with all applicable NDSU Institutional Animal Care guidelines (IACUC Protocol #13033) while conducting this research, and all required State and Federal permits were obtained. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank D. Renton, V. Aparicio, M. Bichler, and H. Incauskis for assistance with field sampling. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2016 VL 36 SU 2 BP S407 EP S421 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0766-3 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK7VU UT WOS:000394134100015 ER PT J AU Mushet, DM AF Mushet, David M. TI Midcontinent Prairie-Pothole Wetlands and Climate Change: an Introduction to the Supplemental Issue SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Biota; Climate change; Geochemistry; Hydrology; Prairie potholes; Prairie Pothole Region; Wetland ecosystems; Wetland landscapes ID 2 MILLENNIA AB The multitude of wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America forms one of Earth's largest wetland complexes. The midcontinent location exposes this ecologically and economically important wetland system to a highly variable climate, markedly influencing ponded-water levels, hydroperiods, chemical characteristics, and biota of individual basins. Given their dominance on the landscape and recognized value, great interest in how projected future changes in climate will affect prairie-pothole wetlands has developed and spawned much scientific research. On June 2, 2015, a special symposium, "Midcontinent Prairie-Pothole Wetlands: Influence of a Changed Climate," was held at the annual meeting of the Society of Wetland Scientists in Providence, Rhode Island, USA. The symposium's twelve presenters covered a wide range of relevant topics delivered to a standing-room-only audience. Following the symposium, the presenters recognized the need to publish their presented papers as a combined product to facilitate widespread distribution. The need for additional papers to more fully cover the topic of prairie-pothole wetlands and climate change was also identified. This supplemental issue of Wetlands is the realization of that vision. C1 [Mushet, David M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St Southeast, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mushet, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St Southeast, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM dmushet@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate Research and Development Program FX This supplemental issue would not have been possible without the generous support of the U.S. Geological Survey Climate Research and Development Program, both in terms of sponsoring publication of the issue and in providing funding in support of several of the research efforts presented within. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2016 VL 36 SU 2 BP S223 EP S228 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0852-6 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK7VU UT WOS:000394134100001 ER PT J AU Skagen, SK Burris, LE Granfors, DA AF Skagen, Susan K. Burris, Lucy E. Granfors, Diane A. TI Sediment Accumulation in Prairie Wetlands under a Changing Climate: the Relative Roles of Landscape and Precipitation SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Northern Great Plains; Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation; Sedimentation; Stream Power Erosion Deposition Model; Wetland ID SOIL LOSS EQUATION; POTHOLE REGION; LAND-USE; UNITED-STATES; HIGH-PLAINS; SEED BANKS; CONVERSION; RICHNESS; EROSION; GRASSLANDS AB Sediment accumulation threatens the viability and hydrologic functioning of many naturally formed depressional wetlands across the interior regions of North America. These wetlands provide many ecosystem services and vital habitats for diverse plant and animal communities. Climate change may further impact sediment accumulation rates in the context of current land use patterns. We estimated sediment accretion in wetlands within a region renowned for its large populations of breeding waterfowl and migrant shorebirds and examined the relative roles of precipitation and land use context in the sedimentation process. We modeled rates of sediment accumulation from 1971 through 2100 using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with a sediment delivery ratio and the Unit Stream Power Erosion Deposition model (USPED). These models predicted that by 2100, 21-33 % of wetlands filled completely with sediment and 27-46 % filled by half with sediments; estimates are consistent with measured sediment accumulation rates in the region reported by empirical studies. Sediment accumulation rates were strongly influenced by size of the catchment, greater coverage of tilled landscape within the catchment, and steeper slopes. Conservation efforts that incorporate the relative risk of infilling of wetlands with sediments, thus emphasizing areas of high topographic relief and large watersheds, may benefit wetland-dependent biota. C1 [Skagen, Susan K.; Burris, Lucy E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Burris, Lucy E.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Granfors, Diane A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 East Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Skagen, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM skagens@usgs.gov FU Colorado State University, Department of Anthropology Geospatial Laboratory; U.S. Geological Survey Science Support Program; U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; Plains and Prairie Potholes Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Department of Interior North Central Climate Science Center FX Technical support was provided by Colorado State University, Department of Anthropology Geospatial Laboratory. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Science Support Program, the U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, the Plains and Prairie Potholes Landscape Conservation Cooperative, and the Department of Interior North Central Climate Science Center. Glenn Guntenspergen reviewed an earlier draft of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2016 VL 36 SU 2 BP S383 EP S395 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0748-5 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK7VU UT WOS:000394134100013 ER PT J AU Steen, VA Skagen, SK Melcher, CP AF Steen, Valerie A. Skagen, Susan K. Melcher, Cynthia P. TI Implications of Climate Change for Wetland-Dependent Birds in the Prairie Pothole Region SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Land use; Prairie pothole region; Species distribution modeling; Wetland birds; Wetland dynamics ID NORTH-DAKOTA; MIGRANT SHOREBIRDS; WESTERN-HEMISPHERE; HABITAT USE; CONSERVATION; WATERFOWL; MODELS; DUCKS; LAND; DISTRIBUTIONS AB The habitats and food resources required to support breeding and migrant birds dependent on North American prairie wetlands are threatened by impending climate change. The North American Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) hosts nearly 120 species of wetland-dependent birds representing 21 families. Strategic management requires knowledge of avian habitat requirements and assessment of species most vulnerable to future threats. We applied bioclimatic species distribution models (SDMs) to project range changes of 29 wetland-dependent bird species using ensemble modeling techniques, a large number of General Circulation Models (GCMs), and hydrological climate covariates. For the U.S. PPR, mean projected range change, expressed as a proportion of currently occupied range, was -0.31 (+/- 0.22 SD; range -0.75 to 0.16), and all but two species were projected to lose habitat. Species associated with deeper water were expected to experience smaller negative impacts of climate change. The magnitude of climate change impacts was somewhat lower in this study than earlier efforts most likely due to use of different focal species, varying methodologies, different modeling decisions, or alternative GCMs. Quantification of the projected species-specific impacts of climate change using species distribution modeling offers valuable information for vulnerability assessments within the conservation planning process. C1 [Steen, Valerie A.; Skagen, Susan K.; Melcher, Cynthia P.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Skagen, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM skagens@usgs.gov FU Plains and Prairie Pothole Landscape Conservation Cooperative; U.S. Geological Survey; USGS North Central Climate Science Center FX This project was supported by the Plains and Prairie Pothole Landscape Conservation Cooperative, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the USGS North Central Climate Science Center. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2016 VL 36 SU 2 BP S445 EP S459 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0791-2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK7VU UT WOS:000394134100018 ER PT J AU Stockwell, CA Fisher, JDL McLean, KI AF Stockwell, Craig A. Fisher, Justin D. L. McLean, Kyle I. TI Clinal Patterns in Genetic Variation for Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens): Conservation Status and Population Histories SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Common species; Climate change; Conservation genetics; Environmental gradient; Landscape Genetics; Wetlands ID PRAIRIE WETLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DYNAMICS; FLUCTUATIONS; METAANALYSIS; LANDSCAPE; DIVERSITY AB The security of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) varies spatially with populations east and west of North Dakota considered as secure and at risk, respectively. We used genetic markers to characterize the conservation status of northern leopard frog populations across North Dakota. We used multiple regression analyses and model selection to evaluate correlations of expected heterozygosity (H-E) with the direct and additive effects of: i) geographic location, ii) wetland density and iii) average annual precipitation. There was lower genetic diversity in the western portion of the state due to lower levels of diversity for populations southwest of the Missouri River. This may reflect a refugial/colonization signature for the only non-glaciated area of North Dakota. Genetic diversity was also positively associated with wetland densities which is consistent with the reliance of this species on a mosaic of wetlands. Our findings suggest that populations in the southwestern part of North Dakota are of higher conservation concern, a finding consistent with the higher risk noted for northern leopard frog populations in most states west of North Dakota. Our findings also pose the hypothesis that climate change induced changes in wetland densities will reduce genetic diversity of northern leopard frog populations. C1 [Stockwell, Craig A.; Fisher, Justin D. L.] North Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dept 2715,POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Fisher, Justin D. L.] North Dakota State Univ, Environm & Conservat Sci Grad Program, Dept 2715,POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [McLean, Kyle I.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Stockwell, CA (reprint author), North Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dept 2715,POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM Craig.Stockwell@ndsu.edu OI McLean, Kyle/0000-0003-3803-0136 FU North Dakota State Wildlife Grant; NDSU Graduate School; Environmental and Conservation Sciences Graduate program; Biological Sciences Department; Veterans Administration Education stipend; North Dakota Water Resources Grant; USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Grant FX We thank Jacob Mertes for assistance with field work; P. Isakson (North Dakota Game and Fish) and Kevin Purcell for logistical support; Samantha Skinner and Anthony Nelson for laboratory support; Robert Newman, Jeff LeClere, and Scott Collins for sampling guidance. We thank David Mushet for advocating this study and his consistent support throughout. Further, David along with three anonymous reviewers provided very valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We thank Mark Clark and Ned Dochtermann for advice on statistical analyses. This work has been conducted under North Dakota Scientific Collecting permit #GNF02923466 to CAS and NDSU IACUC #10047. This work was supported by a North Dakota State Wildlife Grant administered by Patrick Isakson and Steve Dyke. Stipend support for JDLF was provided by the NDSU Graduate School, the Environmental and Conservation Sciences Graduate program, the Biological Sciences Department, a Veterans Administration Education stipend, and a North Dakota Water Resources Grant. Additional support was provided through a USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Grant to CAS. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2016 VL 36 SU 2 BP S437 EP S443 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0847-3 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK7VU UT WOS:000394134100017 ER PT J AU van der Valk, A Mushet, DM AF van der Valk, Arnold Mushet, David M. TI Interannual Water-level Fluctuations and the Vegetation of Prairie Potholes: Potential Impacts of Climate Change SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Harmonic hydrological models; Plant communities; Prairie pothole region; Wet-dry cycle; Wetlands ID EMERGENT MACROPHYTES; NORTH-DAKOTA; WETLANDS; DYNAMICS; HYDROLOGY; REGION; LAKES; MARSHES; MODEL AB Mean water depth and range of interannual waterlevel fluctuations over wet-dry cycles in precipitation are major drivers of vegetation zone formation in North American prairie potholes. We used harmonic hydrological models, which require only mean interannual water depth and amplitude of water-level fluctuations over a wet-dry cycle, to examine how the vegetation zones in a pothole would respond to small changes in water depth and/or amplitude of water-level fluctuations. Field data from wetlands in Saskatchewan, North Dakota, and South Dakota were used to parameterize harmonic models for four pothole classes. Six scenarios in which small negative or positive changes in either mean water depth, amplitude of interannual fluctuations, or both, were modeled to predict if they would affect the number of zones in each wetland class. The results indicated that, in some cases, even small changes in mean water depth when coupled with a small change in amplitude of water-level fluctuations can shift a prairie pothole wetland from one class to another. Our results suggest that climate change could alter the relative proportion of different wetland classes in the prairie pothole region. C1 [van der Valk, Arnold] Iowa State Univ, Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Mushet, David M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP van der Valk, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM valk@iastate.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change-Research and Development Program; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University FX Data from Cottonwood Lake area wetlands are available through the Missouri Coteau Wetland Ecosystem Observatory (https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/52f0ffd9e4b0f941aa181fc6) and maintained through funding received from the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change-Research and Development Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Support for this project was provided to the senior author by the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2016 VL 36 SU 2 BP S397 EP S406 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0850-8 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK7VU UT WOS:000394134100014 ER PT J AU Vanderhoof, MK Alexander, LC AF Vanderhoof, Melanie K. Alexander, Laurie C. TI The Role of Lake Expansion in Altering the Wetland Landscape of the Prairie Pothole Region, United States SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Lakes; Surfacewater; Connectivity; Prairie pothole region; Depressional wetlands; Wetland loss; Landsat; Climate ID NORTH-DAKOTA; SOUTH-DAKOTA; CONNECTIVITY; CLIMATE; SURFACE; PATTERNS; DROUGHT; AREA; TRANSFORMATION; HYDROLOGY AB Interannual variation in lake extent is well documented in the Prairie Pothole Region, but the role of surface-water expansion, including lake expansion, in merging with and subsuming wetlands across the landscape has been minimally considered. We examined how the expansion of surface-water extent, in particular, the expansion of lakes across parts of the Prairie Pothole Region can alter landscape-level hydrologic connectivity among substantial numbers of previously surficially disconnected wetlands. Temporally static wetland, lake, and stream datasets were fused with temporally varying Landsat-derived surface-water extent maps (1990-2011) to quantify changes in surface-water connectivity. Under deluge conditions, lakes were found to create significantly larger complexes of surficially-connected wetlands relative to non-lake surface-water connections (e.g., only wetlands or wetlands and streams). Analysis of three specific lakes showed that lakes can merge with and subsume wetlands located kilometers to tens of kilometers from the National Wetland Inventory defined lake perimeter. As climate across the Prairie Pothole Region is highly variable, understanding historic patterns of surface-water expansion and contraction under drought-to-deluge conditions will be integral to predicting future effects of climate change on wetland function, loss and influence on other aquatic systems, including downstream waters. C1 [Vanderhoof, Melanie K.; Alexander, Laurie C.] US EPA, ORISE Co, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave NW,8623-P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Vanderhoof, Melanie K.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, DFC, MS980,POB 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Vanderhoof, MK (reprint author), US EPA, ORISE Co, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave NW,8623-P, Washington, DC 20460 USA.; Vanderhoof, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, DFC, MS980,POB 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mvanderhoof@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; EPA; U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment FX This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and EPA. This work was also funded by the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment. We thank Megan Lang and Greg McCarty at USDA for their logistical support, and Scott Leibowitz, Ken Fritz, Jason Todd, and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. The views expressed in this manuscript are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. EPA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2016 VL 36 SU 2 BP S309 EP S321 DI 10.1007/s13157-015-0728-1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK7VU UT WOS:000394134100008 ER PT J AU Roehl, K Jankowski, M Hofmeister, E AF Roehl, Katherine Jankowski, Mark Hofmeister, Erik TI ANTIDOG IgG SECONDARY ANTIBODY SUCCESSFULLY DETECTS IgG IN A VARIETY OF AQUATIC MAMMALS SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE antibody detection; enzyme-linked immunoassay; immunoglobulin detection; marine mammal; wildlife disease ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; OTTER ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; PHOCA-VITULINA; UNITED-STATES; PROTEIN-A; SEA; EXPOSURE AB Serological tests play an important role in the detection of wildlife diseases. However, while there are many commercial assays and reagents available for domestic species, there is a need to develop efficient serological assays for wildlife. In recent years, marine mammals have represented a wildlife group with emerging infectious diseases, such as influenza, brucellosis, and leptospirosis. However, with the exception of disease-agent-specific assays or functional assays, few reports describe the use of antibody detection assays in marine mammals. In an indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) or an immunofluorescence assay, antibody is detected using an antitarget species secondary conjugated antibody. The sensitivity of the assay depends on the avidity of the binding reaction between the bound antibody and the detection antibody. A commercial polyclonal antidog IgG conjugated antibody was tested in an EIA for its ability to sensitively detect the IgG of seven marine mammals including sea otter (Enhydra lutris), polar bear (Ursus maritimus), grey seal (Halichoerus grypus), harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris), California sea lion (Zalophus californianus), Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) and one freshwater mammal: Asian small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinerea). With the exception of Asian small-clawed sea otters, the detection of IgG in these marine mammals either exceeded or was nearly equal to detection of dog IgG. The use of the tested commercial antidog IgG antibody may be a valid approach to the detection of antibody response to disease in sea mammals. C1 [Roehl, Katherine] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jankowski, Mark] Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, 520 Lafayette Rd N, St Paul, MN USA. [Hofmeister, Erik] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Hofmeister, E (reprint author), USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM hofmeister@usgs.gov FU Morris Animal Foundation Summer Veterinary Student Scholars Program FX The authors would like to acknowledge the technical contributions of National Wildlife Health Center staff member Melissa Lund. The authors would also like to acknowledge United States Geological Survey staff conducting the United States Geological Survey Polar Bear Research Program and White Nose Syndrome Field Research, and staff members of the Seattle and Monterey Bay Aquaria, the Marine Mammal Center, the Indianapolis Zoo, and the Mississippi State School of Veterinary Medicine for providing sera for the project. Additionally, Katherine Roehl was supported by the Morris Animal Foundation Summer Veterinary Student Scholars Program. Finally, the authors appreciate the editorial comments on a previous draft of this manuscript from an impartial reviewer. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 EI 1937-2825 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 47 IS 4 BP 970 EP 976 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EK3BE UT WOS:000393800200003 PM 28080908 ER PT J AU Knafo, SE Norton, TM Mitchell, M Stevenson, DJ Hyslop, N Poppenga, R Oliva, M Chen, T Cray, C Gibbs, SEJ Durden, L Stedman, N Divers, S Dierenfeld, E AF Knafo, S. Emmanuelle Norton, Terry M. Mitchell, Mark Stevenson, Dirk J. Hyslop, Natalie Poppenga, Robert Oliva, Marcie Chen, Tai Cray, Carolyn Gibbs, Samantha E. J. Durden, Lance Stedman, Nancy Divers, Stephen Dierenfeld, Ellen TI HEALTH AND NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF FREE-RANGING EASTERN INDIGO SNAKES (DRYMARCHON COUPERI) IN GEORGIA, UNITED STATES SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Clinical pathology; Drymarchon couperi; eastern indigo snake; Georgia; health assessment; wildlife health ID CORAIS-COUPERI; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-SERPENTIS; PLASMA BIOCHEMISTRY; THAMNOPHIS-GIGAS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; COTTON MICE; BODY-SIZE; VITAMIN-A; USA; FLORIDA AB Clinical pathology and nutritional parameters are useful in evaluating and monitoring threatened and endangered wildlife populations, but reference ranges for most snake species are lacking. From 2001 to 2005, health assessments were performed on 58 eastern indigo snakes (EIS) (Drymarchon couperi) captured in the wild in southeastern Georgia, United States. Health and nutritional assessments performed included hematology, serum biochemistry, fat-soluble vitamins, heavy metals, pesticide contaminants, parasitology, and surveys of other pathogens. Significant differences in total solids, packed cell volume, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, albumin : globulin ratio, amylase, triglycerides, and bile acids between males and females were observed. Additionally, there was a significant difference between liver and kidney concentrations for vitamins A and E. As previously noted in captive EIS, total Ca was elevated in comparison to concentrations reported in other snake species. Parasitism was a common finding in sampled EIS, but the overall health status of this free-ranging population appeared good. A winter-time dermatitis was found in most snakes, which resolved in the summer months. This study represents the first health and nutritional assessment of free-ranging EIS, and provides needed data to guide monitoring and conservation efforts. C1 [Knafo, S. Emmanuelle; Divers, Stephen] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Med & Surg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Norton, Terry M.] Jekyll Isl Author, Georgia Sea Turtle Ctr, Jekyll Isl, GA 31527 USA. [Norton, Terry M.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Wildlife Survival Ctr, St Catherines Isl, Midway, GA 31320 USA. [Mitchell, Mark] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. [Hyslop, Natalie] Univ North Georgia, Dept Biol, Gainesville, GA 30503 USA. [Stevenson, Dirk J.] Orianne Soc, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Poppenga, Robert] Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Oliva, Marcie] White Oak Conservat Ctr, Yulee, FL 32097 USA. [Chen, Tai] Boston Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Vitamin D Lab, Boston, MA 02218 USA. [Cray, Carolyn] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Div Comparat Pathol, POB 016960 R-46, Miami, FL 33101 USA. [Gibbs, Samantha E. J.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Durden, Lance] Georgia Southern Univ, Dept Biol, 4324 Old Register Rd, Statesboro, GA 30458 USA. [Stedman, Nancy] Busch Gardens, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Dierenfeld, Ellen] St Louis Zoo, Dept Nutr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Knafo, S. Emmanuelle] Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. [Gibbs, Samantha E. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Wildlife Hlth Off, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Dierenfeld, Ellen] Ellen S Dierenfeld LLC, 4736 Gatesbury Dr, St Louis, MO 63128 USA. RP Knafo, SE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Med & Surg, Athens, GA 30602 USA.; Knafo, SE (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. EM emi.knafo@tufts.edu FU Wildlife Conservation Society; St. Catherines Island Foundation FX Special thanks go to the Wildlife Conservation Society and St. Catherines Island Foundation for partial funding, facilities use, and logistical support; Dr. Sam Telford for providing expertise on hemogregarine evaluation; and the vitamin extraction skills of April Braddy. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 EI 1937-2825 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1000 EP 1012 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EK3BE UT WOS:000393800200007 PM 28080899 ER PT J AU Coplen, TB Shrestha, Y AF Coplen, Tyler B. Shrestha, Yesha TI Isotope-abundance variations and atomic weights of selected elements: 2016 (IUPAC Technical Report) SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE atomic weights; boron; bromine; carbon; chlorine; hydrogen; isotopic abundances; lithium; magnesium; nitrogen; oxygen; silicon; sulfur; thallium ID HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENT; STABLE-ISOTOPE; BORON ISOTOPE; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ATMOSPHERIC HYDROGEN; ABSOLUTE ABUNDANCE; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; BIOGENIC APATITES; DEUTERIUM CONTENT AB There are 63 chemical elements that have two or more isotopes that are used to determine their standard atomic weights. The isotopic abundances and atomic weights of these elements can vary in normal materials due to physical and chemical fractionation processes (not due to radioactive decay). These variations are well known for 12 elements (hydrogen, lithium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, bromine, and thallium), and the standard atomic weight of each of these elements is given by IUPAC as an interval with lower and upper bounds. Graphical plots of selected materials and compounds of each of these elements have been published previously. Herein and at the URL http://dx.doi. org/10.5066/F7GF0RN2, we provide isotopic abundances, isotope-delta values, and atomic weights for each of the upper and lower bounds of these materials and compounds. C1 [Coplen, Tyler B.; Shrestha, Yesha] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Coplen, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tbcoplen@usgs.gov OI Shrestha, Yesha/0000-0002-9714-8516 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program; IUPAC projects [2011-040-2-200, 2015-030-2-200, 2011-027-1-200] FX We thank Dr. Juris Meija (National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada) and Prof. B. Brynn Hibbert (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) for their valuable suggestions that improved this manuscript. The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this report possible. The following IUPAC projects contributed to this Technical Report: 2011-040-2-200, 2015-030-2-200, and 2011-027-1-200. NR 234 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-4545 EI 1365-3075 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 88 IS 12 BP 1203 EP 1224 DI 10.1515/pac-2016-0302 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EJ6TD UT WOS:000393350800010 ER PT J AU Schultz, LD Cavalli, PA Sexauer, H Zafft, D AF Schultz, Luke D. Cavalli, Peter A. Sexauer, Hilda Zafft, David TI HABITAT AND FISH ASSEMBLAGE ASSOCIATIONS AND CURRENT STATUS OF NORTHERN LEATHERSIDE CHUB LEPIDOMEDA COPEI IN WESTERN WYOMING SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN SUCKER; STREAM FISHES; SOUTH-DAKOTA; FRESH-WATER; BLACK-HILLS; GREAT-BASIN; SINGLE-PASS; GILA-COPEI; TROUT; CONSERVATION AB Human activities have extensively altered native fish assemblages and their habitats in the western United States. Conservation and restoration for long-term persistence of these fishes requires knowledge of their distributional patterns and life history requirements. Northern leatherside chub Lepidomeda copei (hereafter northern leatherside) is a cyprinid native to the Snake and Bear River Basins of Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada, and Utah, and it is believed to have declined in distribution relative to historical records. To address information gaps in the species' ecology and assess its status in the state, the objectives of this study were first to document the distribution (2010-2011) of northern leatherside in Wyoming and then to examine habitat factors related to the entire fish assemblage and to evaluate specific habitat associations of northern leatherside in the Bear River Basin, Wyoming. In the Bear River and Upper Snake River Basins, we documented the distribution of northern leatherside and compared it to the previously known distribution. Across the Bear River Basin, we used habitat measurements to assess abiotic features related to the distribution and abundance of northern leatherside. Northern leatherside was found across the Bear River Basin and was present in 2 streams each in the Upper Snake River and Green River Basins in Wyoming. Populations in Wyoming appear to represent the core of northern leatherside range, and our work provided a finer-scale delineation of the species' occurrence. Northern leatherside was collected from a variety of habitats, but multivariate analyses and occurrence modeling indicated it was associated with increased channel depth and depth variability, and positively associated with other native fishes (including mountain sucker Catostomus platyrhynchus, redside shiner Richardsonius balteatus, and speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus). These findings on the distribution and ecology of northern leatherside provide important new information to assist successful management and conservation efforts within Wyoming and across the species' range. C1 [Schultz, Luke D.; Cavalli, Peter A.; Sexauer, Hilda] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA. [Zafft, David] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, 528 S Adams St, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Schultz, Luke D.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Schultz, LD (reprint author), Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA.; Schultz, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM lschultz@usgs.gov FU state wildlife grant FX This study was funded by a state wildlife grant to the Wyoming Game and Fish Department. Discussions with D. Miller, P. Dey, and C. Amadio improved study design, and guidance from J. Luginbill greatly facilitated sampling. Fieldwork was completed by N. Thompson, K. Buer, J. Luginbill, W. Cordon, M. Horwitz, J. Stratton, P. Baigas, J. Peterson, B. Hines, T. Stephens, M. Devine, J. Blakney, S. Walker, C. Girard, T. Neebling, C. Matthews, J. Bailey, S. Green, C. Edwards, P. Mathias, K. Celwicks, B. Compton, and W. Stacy. Access logistics were facilitated by N. Hymas. Access to private lands was provided by numerous landowners throughout western Wyoming. We thank J. Dunham, S. Beldin, and M. Fitzpatrick at USGS FRESC for administrative assistance to complete this manuscript. Finally, C. Amadio, B. Bradshaw, J. Burckhardt, B. Compton, M. Fitzpatrick, T. Stephens, and 5 anonymous reviewers provided input on prior drafts of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2016 VL 76 IS 4 BP 427 EP 440 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL0KX UT WOS:000394312400004 ER PT J AU O'Shea, TJ Klinger, C Smythe, LA Wilkinson, L Dumbacher, JP AF O'Shea, Thomas J. Klinger, Christy Smythe, Lindsay A. Wilkinson, Laura Dumbacher, John P. TI SURVEY OF THE BAT FAUNA, DESERT NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, NEVADA SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MYOTIS-CALIFORNICUS; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VESPERTILIONIDAE; CILIOLABRUM; CHIROPTERA; DETECTOR AB We conducted a survey of the bat fauna of Desert National Wildlife Refuge (DNWR) in Nevada during 2008-2014. Our objectives were (1) to determine the species present at DNWR by mist-netting at likely bat drinking areas; (2) to compare the bat fauna at White Spot Spring at DNWR to the fauna documented there in 1962-1967; and (3) to assess the possible importance of artificial water sources to bats on this highly arid landscape in relation to an ongoing drought. We captured 480 bats of 10 species in mist nets over drinking water sources; species identifications are documented by voucher specimens. In order of frequency of capture, species and numbers of individuals captured were as follows: canyon bat (Parastrellus hesperus), 223; combined California myotis and western small-footed myotis (Myotis californicus/M. ciliolabrum), 157; long-legged myotis (Myotis volans), 55; long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis), 12; Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii), 12; fringed myotis (Myotis thysanodes), 10; pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus), 7; big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), 3; and Yuma myotis (Myotis yumanensis), 1. California myotis and small-footed myotis could not be reliably distinguished in the field because many individuals were intermediate in identifying characters. The abundance-based Jaccard's community similarity index for the bat community at White Spot Spring in April and July 2013-2014 compared with that from about 50 years earlier (O'Farrell and Bradley 1970) was 0.99 (SE bootstrap 0.02), indicating negligible change. Despite an ongoing severe drought, positive evidence for female reproduction was evident in July 2014. We suspect that DNWR could not sustain current levels of reproduction in bats without suitable drinking water sources. C1 [O'Shea, Thomas J.; Wilkinson, Laura; Dumbacher, John P.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [O'Shea, Thomas J.] Box 65, Glen Haven, CO 80532 USA. [Klinger, Christy] Nevada Dept Wildlife, 4747 Vegas Dr, Las Vegas, NV 89108 USA. [Smythe, Lindsay A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Desert Natl Wildlife Refuge, 16001 Corn Creek Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89124 USA. [Smythe, Lindsay A.] USDA Forest Serv, 5075 N Hwy 89, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. RP O'Shea, TJ (reprint author), Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA.; O'Shea, TJ (reprint author), Box 65, Glen Haven, CO 80532 USA. EM osheatj@msn.com NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2016 VL 76 IS 4 BP 501 EP 508 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL0KX UT WOS:000394312400011 ER PT J AU Lestina, J Cook, M Kumar, S Morisette, J Ode, PJ Peairs, F AF Lestina, Jordan Cook, Maxwell Kumar, Sunil Morisette, Jeffrey Ode, Paul J. Peairs, Frank TI MODIS Imagery Improves Pest Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Wheat Stem Sawfly (Cephus cinctus, Hymenoptera: Cephidae) in Colorado, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MaxEnt; presence-only modeling; enhanced vegetation index; Cephus cinctus; wheat stem sawfly ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; NDVI; PARASITISM; TEMPERATURE; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; RESPONSES; MONTANA; ECOLOGY AB Wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Norton, Hymenoptera: Cephidae) has long been a significant insect pest of spring, and more recently, winter wheat in the northern Great Plains. Wheat stem sawfly was first observed infesting winter wheat in Colorado in 2010 and, subsequently, has spread rapidly throughout wheat production regions of the state. Here, we used maximum entropy modeling (MaxEnt) to generate habitat suitability maps in order to predict the risk of crop damage as this species spreads throughout the winter wheat-growing regions of Colorado. We identified environmental variables that influence the current distribution of wheat stem sawfly in the state and evaluated whether remotely sensed variables improved model performance. We used presence localities of C. cinctus and climatic, topographic, soils, and normalized difference vegetation index and enhanced vegetation index data derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery as environmental variables. All models had high performance in that they were successful in predicting suitable habitat for C. cinctus in its current distribution in eastern Colorado. The enhanced vegetation index for the month of April improved model performance and was identified as a top contributor to MaxEnt model. Soil clay percent at 0-5 cm, temperature seasonality, and precipitation seasonality were also associated with C. cinctus distribution in Colorado. The improved model performance resulting from integrating vegetation indices in our study demonstrates the ability of remote sensing technologies to enhance species distribution modeling. These risk maps generated can assist managers in planning control measures for current infestations and assess the future risk of C. cinctus establishment in currently uninfested regions. C1 [Lestina, Jordan; Cook, Maxwell] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, 1001 West Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kumar, Sunil; Morisette, Jeffrey] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, 1231 East Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Morisette, Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ode, Paul J.; Peairs, Frank] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, 307 Univ Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lestina, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, 1001 West Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jtlestin@rams.colostate.edu; mccook3@rams.colostate.edu; sunil.kumar@colostate.edu; morisettej@usgs.gov; Paul.Ode@colostate.edu; Frank.Peairs@colostate.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; NASA FX We thank the Geospatial Centroid at Colorado State University and the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory for providing logistical support. We thank Terri Randolph and Darren Cockrell, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, for collecting and providing C. cinctus occurrence data. We also thank Francine Lheritier, Natural Resource Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, for providing assistance with soils data. S. Kumar was partially supported by U.S. Geological Survey and NASA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1343 EP 1351 DI 10.1093/ee/nvw095 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EJ1BA UT WOS:000392943900002 PM 28028080 ER PT J AU Scott, Z Ginsberg, HS Alm, SR AF Scott, Zachary Ginsberg, Howard S. Alm, Steven R. TI Native Bee Diversity and Pollen Foraging Specificity in Cultivated Highbush Blueberry (Ericaceae: Vaccinium corymbosum) in Rhode Island SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Andrenidae; Apidae; Colletidae; Halictidae; Megachilidae ID LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY; FRUIT PRODUCTION; BUMBLE BEES; POLLINATION; HYMENOPTERA; APOIDEA; ABUNDANCE; WILD; REQUIREMENTS; BIOLOGY AB We identified 41 species of native bees from a total of 1,083 specimens collected at cultivated highbush blueberry plantings throughout Rhode Island in 2014 and 2015. Andrena spp., Bombus spp., and Xylocopa virginica (L.) were collected most often. Bombus griseocollis (DeGeer), B. impatiens Cresson, B. bimaculatus Cresson, B. perplexus Cresson, and Andrena vicina Smith collected the largest mean numbers of blueberry pollen tetrads. The largest mean percent blueberry pollen loads were carried by the miner bees Andrena bradleyi Viereck (91%), A. carolina Viereck (90%), and Colletes validus Cresson (87%). The largest mean total pollen grain loads were carried by B. griseocollis (549,844), B. impatiens (389,558), X. virginica (233,500), and B. bimaculatus (193,132). Xylocopa virginica was the fourth and fifth most commonly collected bee species in 2014 and 2015, respectively. They exhibit nectar robbing and females carried relatively low blueberry pollen loads (mean 33%). Overall, we found 10 species of bees to be the primary pollinators of blueberries in Rhode Island. C1 [Scott, Zachary; Alm, Steven R.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci & Entomol, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Ginsberg, Howard S.] Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Coastal Field Stn, Woodward Hall, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Alm, SR (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci & Entomol, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM zachary_scott@my.uri.edu; hginsberg@uri.edu; ste-vealm@uri.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1432 EP 1438 DI 10.1093/ee/nvw094 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EJ1BA UT WOS:000392943900012 PM 28028090 ER PT J AU Kelsey, KC Leffler, AJ Beard, KH Schmutz, JA Choi, RT Welker, JM AF Kelsey, K. C. Leffler, A. J. Beard, K. H. Schmutz, J. A. Choi, R. T. Welker, J. M. TI Interactions among vegetation, climate, and herbivory control greenhouse gas fluxes in a subarctic coastal wetland SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; MIXED-EFFECTS MODELS; METHANE EMISSIONS; BLACK BRANT; ALASKA; TUNDRA; GEESE; CARBON; ECOSYSTEMS AB High-latitude ecosystems are experiencing the most rapid climate changes globally, and in many areas these changes are concurrent with shifts in patterns of herbivory. Individually, climate and herbivory are known to influence biosphere-atmosphere greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange; however, the interactive effects of climate and herbivory in driving GHG fluxes have been poorly quantified, especially in coastal systems that support large populations of migratory waterfowl. We investigated the magnitude and the climatic and physical controls of GHG exchange within the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in western Alaska across four distinct vegetation communities formed by herbivory and local microtopography. Net CO2 flux was greatest in the ungrazed Carex meadow community (3.97 +/- 0.58 [SE] mu mol CO2 m(-2) s(-1)), but CH4 flux was greatest in the grazed community (14.00 +/- 6.56 nmol CH4 m(-2) s(-1)). The grazed community is also the only vegetation type where CH4 was a larger contributor than CO2 to overall GHG forcing. We found that vegetation community was an important predictor of CO2 and CH4 exchange, demonstrating that variation in regional gas exchange is best explained when the effect of grazing, determined by the difference between grazed and ungrazed communities, is included. Further, we identified an interaction between temperature and vegetation community, indicating that grazed regions could experience the greatest increases in CH4 emissions with warming. These results suggest that future GHG fluxes could be influenced by both climate and by changes in herbivore population dynamics that expand or contract the vegetation community most responsive to future temperature change. C1 [Kelsey, K. C.; Welker, J. M.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Leffler, A. J.] South Dakota State Univ, Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD USA. [Beard, K. H.; Choi, R. T.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Schmutz, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Kelsey, KC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM kathyckelsey@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation Arctic System Science Program [1304523, 1304879]; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University FX This work was conducted with support from the National Science Foundation Arctic System Science Program awards 1304523 and 1304879. This research was also supported by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, and approved as journal paper number 8901. We would like to thank John Ferguson, Lindsay Carlson, Robert Hicks, and Mike Sullivan for the field and laboratory assistance and John Pearce and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The data used are available from the NSF Arctic Data Center, identifiers: arctic-data.6192.1, arctic-data.6194.1, and arctic-data.6196.1. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 121 IS 12 BP 2960 EP 2975 DI 10.1002/2016JG003546 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA EJ3TL UT WOS:000393134800004 ER PT J AU Safak, I Warner, JC List, JH AF Safak, Ilgar Warner, John C. List, Jeffrey H. TI Barrier island breach evolution: Alongshore transport and bay-ocean pressure gradient interactions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TIDAL INLET; SEASONAL CLOSURE AB Physical processes controlling repeated openings and closures of a barrier island breach between a bay and the open ocean are studied using aerial photographs and atmospheric and hydrodynamic observations. The breach site is located on Pea Island along the Outer Banks, separating Pamlico Sound from the Atlantic Ocean. Wind direction was a major control on the pressure gradients between the bay and the ocean to drive flows that initiate or maintain the breach opening. Alongshore sediment flux was found to be a major contributor to breach closure. During the analysis period from 2011 to 2016, three hurricanes had major impacts on the breach. First, Hurricane Irene opened the breach with wind-driven flow from bay to ocean in August 2011. Hurricane Sandy in October 2012 quadrupled the channel width from pressure gradient flows due to water levels that were first higher on the ocean side and then higher on the bay side. The breach closed sometime in Spring 2013, most likely due to an event associated with strong alongshore sediment flux but minimal ocean-bay pressure gradients. Then, in July 2014, Hurricane Arthur briefly opened the breach again from the bay side, in a similar fashion to Irene. In summary, opening and closure of breaches are shown to follow a dynamic and episodic balance between along-channel pressure gradient driven flows and alongshore sediment fluxes. C1 [Safak, Ilgar; Warner, John C.; List, Jeffrey H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Safak, I (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM isafak@usgs.gov OI Safak, Ilgar/0000-0001-7675-0770 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2016 VL 121 IS 12 BP 8720 EP 8730 DI 10.1002/2016JC012029 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EJ3VN UT WOS:000393140400017 ER PT J AU Shelly, DR Hardebeck, JL Ellsworth, WL Hill, DP AF Shelly, David R. Hardebeck, Jeanne L. Ellsworth, William L. Hill, David P. TI A new strategy for earthquake focal mechanisms using waveform-correlation-derived relative polarities and cluster analysis: Application to the 2014 Long Valley Caldera earthquake swarm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA HYPOCENTER RELOCATION; NORTHERN HAYWARD FAULT; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CROSS-CORRELATION; MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; WEST BOHEMIA; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; AMPLITUDE RATIOS; CALAVERAS FAULT; SEISMICITY AB In microseismicity analyses, reliable focal mechanisms can typically be obtained for only a small subset of located events. We address this limitation here, presenting a framework for determining robust focal mechanisms for entire populations of very small events. To achieve this, we resolve relative P and S wave polarities between pairs of waveforms by using their signed correlation coefficientsa by-product of previously performed precise earthquake relocation. We then use cluster analysis to group events with similar patterns of polarities across the network. Finally, we apply a standard mechanism inversion to the grouped data, using either catalog or correlation-derived P wave polarity data sets. This approach has great potential for enhancing analyses of spatially concentrated microseismicity such as earthquake swarms, mainshock-aftershock sequences, and industrial reservoir stimulation or injection-induced seismic sequences. To demonstrate its utility, we apply this technique to the 2014 Long Valley Caldera earthquake swarm. In our analysis, 85% of the events (7212 out of 8494 located by Shelly et al. [2016]) fall within five well-constrained mechanism clusters, more than 12 times the number with network-determined mechanisms. Of the earthquakes we characterize, 3023 (42%) have magnitudes smaller than 0.0. We find that mechanism variations are strongly associated with corresponding hypocentral structure, yet mechanism heterogeneity also occurs where it cannot be resolved by hypocentral patterns, often confined to small-magnitude events. Small (520) rotations between mechanism orientations and earthquake location trends persist when we apply 3-D velocity models and might reflect a geometry of en echelon, interlinked shear, and dilational faulting. C1 [Shelly, David R.; Hardebeck, Jeanne L.; Ellsworth, William L.; Hill, David P.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ellsworth, William L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Shelly, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dshelly@usgs.gov NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC PY 2016 VL 121 IS 12 BP 8622 EP 8641 DI 10.1002/2016JB013437 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EJ4IY UT WOS:000393181500013 ER PT J AU Richey, JN Tierney, JE AF Richey, Julie N. Tierney, Jessica E. TI GDGT and alkenone flux in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Implications for the TEX86 and U-37(K ') paleothermometers SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ISOPRENOID TETRAETHER LIPIDS; LONG-CHAIN ALKENONES; DIALKYL GLYCEROL TETRAETHERS; FILAMENTOUS UPWELLING REGION; EMILIANIA-HUXLEYI; SINKING PARTICLES; MOLECULAR STRATIGRAPHY; GEPHYROCAPSA-OCEANICA; INDIAN-OCEAN AB The TEX86 and U-37(K') molecular biomarker proxies have been broadly applied in downcore marine sediments to reconstruct past sea surface temperature (SST). Although both TEX86 and U-37(K') have been interpreted as proxies for mean annual SST throughout the global ocean, regional studies of glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) and alkenones in sinking particles are required to understand the influence of seasonality, depth distribution, and diagenesis on downcore variability. We measure GDGT and alkenone flux, as well as the TEX86 and U-37(K') indices in a 4 year sediment trap time series (2010-2014) in the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM), and compare these data with core-top sediments at the same location. GDGT and alkenone fluxes do not show a consistent seasonal cycle; however, the largest flux peaks for both occurs in winter. U-37(K') covaries with SST over the 4 year sampling interval, but the U-37(K') SST relationship in this data set implies a smaller slope or nonlinearity at high temperatures when compared with existing calibrations. Furthermore, the flux-weighted U-37(K') value from sinking particles is significantly lower than that of underlying core-top sediments, suggesting preferential diagenetic loss of the tri-unsaturated alkenone in sediments. TEX86 does not covary with SST, suggesting production in the subsurface upper water column. The flux-weighted mean TEX86 matches that of core-top sediments, confirming that TEX86 in the nGoM reflects local planktonic production rather than allochthonous or in situ sedimentary production. We explore potential sources of uncertainty in both proxies in the nGoM but demonstrate that they show nearly identical trends in twentieth century SST, despite these factors. C1 [Richey, Julie N.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Tierney, Jessica E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Tierney, Jessica E.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Richey, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jrichey@usgs.gov OI Richey, Julie/0000-0002-2319-7980 FU USGS Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program FX We thank Eric Tappa, Caitlin Reynolds, Kaustubh Thirumalai, and the LUMCON crew of the R/V Pelican for ongoing maintenance of the sediment trap mooring. Thanks to Cole Spencer and Tess Busch for laboratory preparation of samples for geochemical analysis. Chris Smith and Marci Marot conducted 210Pb analyses for multicore chronology at the USGS, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center. We thank K. Thirumalai and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on this manuscript. This research was supported by the USGS Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. All new data presented in this study can be accessed in the USGS Data Release [Richey and Tierney, 2016], F76M350W. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD DEC PY 2016 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1547 EP 1561 DI 10.1002/2016PA003032 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA EJ4FT UT WOS:000393173000003 ER PT J AU Ebel, BA Rengers, FK Tucker, GE AF Ebel, Brian A. Rengers, Francis K. Tucker, Gregory E. TI Observed and simulated hydrologic response for a first-order catchment during extreme rainfall 3 years after wildfire disturbance SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER REPELLENCY; COLORADO-FRONT-RANGE; OVERLAND-FLOW GENERATION; SOUTH-EAST AUSTRALIA; EROSION PROCESSES; FOREST-FIRE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; BURN SEVERITY; SUBSURFACE HETEROGENEITY AB Hydrologic response to extreme rainfall in disturbed landscapes is poorly understood because of the paucity of measurements. A unique opportunity presented itself when extreme rainfall in September 2013 fell on a headwater catchment (i.e., < 1 ha) in Colorado, USA that had previously been burned by a wildfire in 2010. We compared measurements of soil-hydraulic properties, soil saturation from subsurface sensors, and estimated peak runoff during the extreme rainfall with numerical simulations of runoff generation and subsurface hydrologic response during this event. The simulations were used to explore differences in runoff generation between the wildfire-affected headwater catchment, a simulated unburned case, and for uniform versus spatially variable parameterizations of soil-hydraulic properties that affect infiltration and runoff generation in burned landscapes. Despite 3 years of elapsed time since the 2010 wildfire, observations and simulations pointed to substantial surface runoff generation in the wildfire-affected headwater catchment by the infiltration-excess mechanism while no surface runoff was generated in the unburned case. The surface runoff generation was the result of incomplete recovery of soil-hydraulic properties in the burned area, suggesting recovery takes longer than 3 years. Moreover, spatially variable soil-hydraulic property parameterizations produced longer duration but lower peak-flow infiltration-excess runoff, compared to uniform parameterization, which may have important hillslope sediment export and geomorphologic implications during long duration, extreme rainfall. The majority of the simulated surface runoff in the spatially variable cases came from connected near-channel contributing areas, which was a substantially smaller contributing area than the uniform simulations. C1 [Ebel, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Rengers, Francis K.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Tucker, Gregory E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tucker, Gregory E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ebel, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM bebel@usgs.gov OI TUCKER, GREGORY/0000-0003-0364-5800; Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963 FU CIRES Visiting Fellowship Program; National Research Program (NRP) of the USGS FX D. Martin and S. Murphy provided thoughtful discussion regarding wildfire influences during the 2013 Colorado storms. J. Moody, C. Luce, and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful manuscript feedback. B.A.E. was supported during this work by the CIRES Visiting Fellowship Program and by the National Research Program (NRP) of the USGS. Any use of trade, firm, or industry names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or the University of Colorado. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. All data are available from the first author upon request. NR 148 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 52 IS 12 BP 9367 EP 9389 DI 10.1002/2016WR019110 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EJ6HV UT WOS:000393321000012 ER PT J AU Bassiouni, M Vogel, RM Archfield, SA AF Bassiouni, Maoya Vogel, Richard M. Archfield, Stacey A. TI Panel regressions to estimate low-flow response to rainfall variability in ungaged basins SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGIC REGRESSION; STREAMFLOW; MODEL; CLIMATE; ELASTICITY; PROJECTIONS AB Multicollinearity and omitted-variable bias are major limitations to developing multiple linear regression models to estimate streamflow characteristics in ungaged areas and varying rainfall conditions. Panel regression is used to overcome limitations of traditional regression methods, and obtain reliable model coefficients, in particular to understand the elasticity of streamflow to rainfall. Using annual rainfall and selected basin characteristics at 86 gaged streams in the Hawaiian Islands, regional regression models for three stream classes were developed to estimate the annual low-flow duration discharges. Three panel-regression structures (random effects, fixed effects, and pooled) were compared to traditional regression methods, in which space is substituted for time. Results indicated that panel regression generally was able to reproduce the temporal behavior of streamflow and reduce the standard errors of model coefficients compared to traditional regression, even for models in which the unobserved heterogeneity between streams is significant and the variance inflation factor for rainfall is much greater than 10. This is because both spatial and temporal variability were better characterized in panel regression. In a case study, regional rainfall elasticities estimated from panel regressions were applied to ungaged basins on Maui, using available rainfall projections to estimate plausible changes in surface-water availability and usable stream habitat for native species. The presented panel-regression framework is shown to offer benefits over existing traditional hydrologic regression methods for developing robust regional relations to investigate streamflow response in a changing climate. C1 [Bassiouni, Maoya] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Water Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Vogel, Richard M.] Tufts Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Archfield, Stacey A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Bassiouni, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Water Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM bassioum@oregonstate.edu OI Archfield, Stacey/0000-0002-9011-3871 FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Pacific Islands Climate Science Center FX This study was funded by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Pacific Islands Climate Science Center. Delwyn Oki provided very helpful insights that improved this study's conception, results, and manuscript. We thank three anonymous reviewers, the journal editors, and David Wolock for their constructive suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. All data sets used in this study were downloaded from publicly available sources: stream discharge data for the sites listed in Table 1 are available through the USGS, National Water Information System [http://waterdata.usgs.gov/hi/nwis/nwis]; geospatial data sets for watershed delineation and characterization are available through the USGS StreamStats web application [http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/680/]; gridded data of existing landcover area available through the USGS Landfire Program [http://www.landfire.gov/data_overviews.php]; geologic characteristics are available through the USGS [http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1089/]; digital maps of soil properties are available through the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service [http://sdmdataaccess.nrcs.usda.gov/]; monthly mean gridded rainfall data and month-year maps for 1920-2007 are available through the University of Hawaii, Department of Geography [http://rainfall.geography.hawaii.edu/]; downscaled rainfall anomalies for 2090-2109 derived from CMIP3 and the A1B emission scenario are available through the University of Hawaii, International Pacific Research Center [http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/datadoc/hrcm.php]; downscaled rainfall anomalies for 2071-99 derived from CMIP5 and the RCP8.5 emission scenario are available through the University of Albany, Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences [http://www.atmos.albany.edu/facstaff/timm/SDSRA-HI-V2.zip]. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 52 IS 12 BP 9470 EP 9494 DI 10.1002/2016WR018718 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EJ6HV UT WOS:000393321000017 ER PT J AU Hostetler, SW Alder, JR AF Hostetler, S. W. Alder, J. R. TI Implementation and evaluation of a monthly water balance model over the US on an 800 m grid SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION INPUT; RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION; STREAMFLOW; DROUGHT; PATTERNS AB We simulate the 1950-2010 water balance for the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) with a monthly water balance model (MWBM) using the 800 m Parameter-elevation Regression on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) data set as model input. We employed observed snow and streamflow data sets to guide modification of the snow and potential evapotranspiration components in the default model and to evaluate model performance. Based on various metrics and sensitivity tests, the modified model yields reasonably good simulations of seasonal snowpack in the West (range of bias of 650 mm at 68% of 713 SNOTEL sites), the gradients and magnitudes of actual evapotranspiration, and runoff ( median correlation of 0.83 and median Nash-Sutcliff efficiency of 0.6 between simulated and observed annual time series at 1427 USGS gage sites). The model generally performs well along the Pacific Coast, the high elevations of the Basin and Range and over the Midwest and East, but not as well over the dry areas of the Southwest and upper Plains regions due, in part, to the apportioning of direct versus delayed runoff. Sensitivity testing and application of the MWBM to simulate the future water balance at four National Parks when driven by 30 climate models from the Climate Model Intercomparison Program Phase 5 (CMIP5) demonstrate that the model is useful for evaluating first-order, climate driven hydrologic change on monthly and annual time scales. C1 [Hostetler, S. W.; Alder, J. R.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hostetler, SW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM steve@coas.oregonstate.edu FU US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use, Research and Development Program; National Research Program FX We thank G. McCabe for model discussions and B. Thrasher and F. Melton for providing the downscaled NEX-DCP30 data. The NEX-DCP30 data are now available at https://cds.nccs.nasa.gov/nex/. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme and the participating climate modeling centers for making the original CMIP5 data available. We thank P. Bartlein, G. Pederson, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments. We also thank the scientific computing group of the College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University for computing support. Summarized climate and water balance model output will be available for viewing and downloading through our National Climate Change Viewer (NCCV) at https://www2.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/clu_rd/nccv.asp. This work was supported by the US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use, Research and Development Program and National Research Program. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 52 IS 12 BP 9600 EP 9620 DI 10.1002/2016WR018665 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EJ6HV UT WOS:000393321000024 ER PT J AU Jung, JF Combs, DL Sowl, KM AF Jung, Jacob F. Combs, Daniel L. Sowl, Kristine M. TI HABITAT SELECTION BY BRISTLE-THIGHED CURLEWS (NUMENIUS TAHITIENSIS) BREEDING WITHIN THE SOUTHERN NULATO HILLS, ALASKA SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Bristle-thighed Curlews; habitat selection; Nulato Hills; Numenius tahitiensis; shrubs ID NEST SUCCESS; AVAILABILITY; ABUNDANCE; BIRDS AB Bristle-thighed Curlews (Numenius tahitiensis, hereafter 'curlews') breed only on low Arctic tundra in the southern Nulato Hills of the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge (NVVR) and on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Curlews use several distinct habitat types on the breeding grounds; however, quantified data of habitat use by curlews exist only for the Seward Peninsula. We investigated which available habitats on the breeding grounds were used most often by curlews in the Nulato Hills and compared availability with use to determine habitat selection using a land cover layer created in ArcGIS based on aerial photography and ground referenced locations. We also compared curlew habitat usage at our study site to habitats used on the Seward Peninsula. We used vegetation quadrats to determine plant composition within each habitat. We also determined percentage of habitat and plant composition within curlew territories. Curlews preferred shrub meadow tundra which consisted primarily of lichens (>50%), mixed with graminoid/herbaceous plants (similar to 13%) and few dwarf shrubs. Medium/tall shrub habitats, especially tall shrub thickets, were generally avoided by curlews on the ground, but the curlews were commonly observed flying and displaying over the shrubs. Low shrub tussock tundra and sedge wet meadows were occasionally used by curlews but not to the extent of shrub meadow tundra. The avoidance by curlews of areas with medium to tall shrubs was probably related to potential predation risks associated with reduced visibility in these habitats. Habitat selection was similar for both breeding populations of curlews, except curlews at our study site used shrub meadow tundra more frequently and low shrub tussock tundra and sedge wet meadow to a lesser degree than on the Seward Peninsula. Habitats differed in number of berry-producing plants. Berry-producing plants were predicted to be highest in the habitat curlews selected most (i.e., shrub meadow tundra); however, they were most abundant in habitats associated with tussocks. C1 [Jung, Jacob F.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Sch Environm Studies, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Combs, Daniel L.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Biol, 1100 N Dixie Ave,POB 5063, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Sowl, Kristine M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, State Highway,POB 346, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. [Jung, Jacob F.] US Army Corp Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd,Bldg 3270, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Jung, JF (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Sch Environm Studies, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA.; Jung, JF (reprint author), US Army Corp Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd,Bldg 3270, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Jacob.F.Jung@usace.army.mil FU Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge; Center for the Management, Utilization and Protection of Water Resources at Tennessee Technological University; Department of Biology at Tennessee Technological University; Environmental Sciences Program at Tennessee Technological University FX We thank T. Doolittle for his involvement in initiating the project and assisting in securing funding. We thank A. Lereculeur, S. van den Eertwegh, C. Porter, K. Babayan, D. Kersey, and M. L. Sethi for collecting data on curlews at the ACS. We thank B. J. McCaffery, T. L. Tibbitts, and R. E. Gill for sharing their curlew expertise. This research was funded by the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge and the Center for the Management, Utilization and Protection of Water Resources, Department of Biology, and the Environmental Sciences Program at Tennessee Technological University. The ethical use of animals in this study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee by U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (permit 2009003). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 128 IS 4 BP 727 EP 737 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EJ5MR UT WOS:000393262800004 ER PT J AU Slover, CL Katzner, TE AF Slover, Christina L. Katzner, Todd E. TI EASTERN WHIP-POOR-WILLS (ANTROSTOMUS VOCIFERUS) ARE POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH LOW ELEVATION FOREST IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antrostomus vociferus; Eastern Whip-poor-will; elevation; forest edge; land cover types; occupancy modeling; predictive map ID ECOLOGY AB Populations of the Eastern Whip-poor-will (Antrostomus vociferus) are thought to be declining because of a range of potential factors including habitat loss, pesticide use, and predation. However, this species is nocturnal and, as a consequence, it is poorly studied, and its population status is not well assessed by traditional diurnal bird surveys. We used nocturnal road surveys to study habitat associations and distribution of Eastern Whip-poor-wills to better understand and contextualize their population status and to provide a framework for subsequent research and management. We used occupancy models to associate presence of Eastern Whip-poor-wills with habitat characteristics. Global models with habitat associations at a radius of 1600 m (1.0-ha area) were the best supported by the data, suggesting that this was the scale at which the species responded to the habitat parameters we measured. At this scale, Eastern Whip-poor-wills most frequently occupied areas lower in elevation and characterized by forested, herbaceous, and wetland cover types. In contrast, high elevation conifer forest communities had substantially fewer Eastern Whip-poor-wills. Detection rates were positively correlated with moon visibility and negatively correlated with noise. We used the results of our surveys to generate a regional model to predict distributions of Eastern Whip-poor-wills and that can be used as a framework for future management. Our results suggest that succession of agricultural fields and other clearings into forested habitats with dense understory may be a contributing factor to ongoing declines of Eastern Whip-poor-wills. C1 [Slover, Christina L.; Katzner, Todd E.] West Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Katzner, Todd E.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Slover, Christina L.] West Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, POB 6057, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Slover, CL; Katzner, TE (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.; Katzner, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA.; Slover, CL (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, POB 6057, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM sloverc524@gmail.com; tkatzner@usgs.gov FU United States Forest Service FX Funding for this project was provided by the United States Forest Service. T. Schuler and the staff at the USFS Northern Research Station provided access and logistical support for the research, and J. Phillips and K. Pangman assisted with data collection. M. Braham assisted with mapping. P.B. Wood, J. Edwards, S. Stoleson, J. Hagar, P. Hunt, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on early drafts of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Statement of author contributions: CLS and TEK designed the study and wrote the manuscript, CLS led data collection and analysis. This is Scientific Article No. 3284 of the West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Morgantown. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 128 IS 4 BP 846 EP 856 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EJ5MR UT WOS:000393262800016 ER PT J AU Katzner, T AF Katzner, Todd TI Hanging out at the Airport: Unusual Upside-down Perching Behavior by Eurasian Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) in a Human-dominated Environment SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE built environment; Corvus monedula; Eurasian Jackdaw; upside-down perching ID COMMON RAVENS AB Animals occupying human-dominated environments show the capacity for behavioral flexibility. Corvids are among the most intelligent synanthropic bird species. During a layover at Schipol Airport in Amsterdam, Netherlands, I photographically documented Eurasian Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) perching upside down from a building cornice. In contrast to other reports of hanging birds, these jackdaws did not forage or play while upside down and appeared to use the perching spot to observe their surroundings. Although Corvids and Psittacines are known to hang upside down, especially in captive situations, such behaviors are rarely documented in the wild, and never before in association with human-built structures. C1 [Katzner, Todd] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Katzner, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM tkatzner@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 128 IS 4 BP 926 EP 930 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EJ5MR UT WOS:000393262800028 ER PT J AU Walaszczyk, I Kennedy, MJ McKinney, KC AF Walaszczyk, Ireneusz Kennedy, William J. McKinney, Kevin C. TI William Aubrey "Bill" Cobban 31th December 1916-21st April 2015 SO ACTA GEOLOGICA POLONICA LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Walaszczyk, Ireneusz] Univ Warsaw, Fac Geol, Al Zwirki & Wigury 93, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland. [Kennedy, William J.] Univ Oxford, Museum Nat Hist, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PW, England. [McKinney, Kevin C.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Walaszczyk, I (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Fac Geol, Al Zwirki & Wigury 93, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POLSKA AKAD NAUK, POLISH ACAD SCIENCES, UNIV WARSAW, GEOLOGY DEPT PI WARSZAWA PA PL DEFILAD 1, WARSZAWA, 00-901, POLAND SN 0001-5709 EI 2300-1887 J9 ACTA GEOL POL JI Acta Geol. Pol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 66 IS 4 BP I EP II DI 10.1515/agp-2016-0029 PN 1 PG 2 WC Geology SC Geology GA EI8HK UT WOS:000392746600001 ER PT J AU Scharf, HR Hooten, MB Fosdick, BK Johnson, DS London, JM Durban, JW AF Scharf, Henry R. Hooten, Mevin B. Fosdick, Bailey K. Johnson, Devin S. London, Josh M. Durban, John W. TI DYNAMIC SOCIAL NETWORKS BASED ON MOVEMENT SO ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Dynamic social network; animal movement; Orcinus orca; hidden Markov model; Gaussian Markov random field ID ANIMAL TELEMETRY DATA; KILLER WHALES; SPACE MODELS; PATTERNS; ANTARCTICA AB Network modeling techniques provide a means for quantifying social structure in populations of individuals. Data used to define social connectivity are often expensive to collect and based on case-specific, ad hoc criteria. Moreover, in applications involving animal social networks, collection of these data is often opportunistic and can be invasive. Frequently, the social network of interest for a given population is closely related to the way individuals move. Thus, telemetry data, which are minimally invasive and relatively inexpensive to collect, present an alternative source of information. We develop a framework for using telemetry data to infer social relationships among animals. To achieve this, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical model with an underlying dynamic social network controlling movement of individuals via two mechanisms: an attractive effect and an aligning effect. We demonstrate the model and its ability to accurately identify complex social behavior in simulation, and apply our model to telemetry data arising from killer whales. Using auxiliary information about the study population, we investigate model validity and find the inferred dynamic social network is consistent with killer whale ecology and expert knowledge. C1 [Scharf, Henry R.; Hooten, Mevin B.; Fosdick, Bailey K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] US Geol Survey, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife res UNIT, 201 JVK WAGAR BLDG, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.; London, Josh M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, ALASKA FISHERIES Sci Ctr, 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Durban, John W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Oceanic & atmospher Adm, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Scharf, HR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM henry.scharf@colostate.edu; mevin.hooten@colostate.edu; bailey.fosdick@colostate.edu FU Lindblad Expeditions; National Geographic Society; NSF rapid grant FX Killer whale tagging was conducted under permit #14097 from the National Marine Fisheries Service and Antarctic Conservation Act permit #2009-013. Shipboard tagging operations were supported by Lindblad Expeditions and the National Geographic Society, and by an NSF rapid grant to Ari Friedlaender. Robert Pitman helped with tag deployments and identification of killer whale types in the field. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI CLEVELAND PA 3163 SOMERSET DR, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 1932-6157 J9 ANN APPL STAT JI Ann. Appl. Stat. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 10 IS 4 BP 2182 EP 2202 DI 10.1214/16-AOAS970 PG 21 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA EI9HR UT WOS:000392819100022 ER PT J AU Armstrong, SB Lazarus, ED Limber, PW Goldstein, EB Thorpe, C Ballinger, RC AF Armstrong, Scott B. Lazarus, Eli D. Limber, Patrick W. Goldstein, Evan B. Thorpe, Curtis Ballinger, Rhoda C. TI Indications of a positive feedback between coastal development and beach nourishment SO Earths Future LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; RISK PERCEPTIONS; FLOOD INSURANCE; BARRIER ISLANDS; MANAGEMENT; ECONOMICS; EROSION; SYSTEMS; ZONE AB Beach nourishment, a method for mitigating coastal storm damage or chronic erosion by deliberately replacing sand on an eroded beach, has been the leading form of coastal protection in the United States for four decades. However, investment in hazard protection can have the unintended consequence of encouraging development in places especially vulnerable to damage. In a comprehensive, parcel-scale analysis of all shorefront single-family homes in the state of Florida, we find that houses in nourishing zones are significantly larger and more numerous than in non-nourishing zones. The predominance of larger homes in nourishing zones suggests a positive feedback between nourishment and development that is compounding coastal risk in zones already characterized by high vulnerability. C1 [Armstrong, Scott B.; Lazarus, Eli D.] Univ Southampton, Geog & Environm Unit, Environm Dynam Lab, Southampton, Hants, England. [Limber, Patrick W.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Goldstein, Evan B.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Thorpe, Curtis; Ballinger, Rhoda C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. [Ballinger, Rhoda C.] Cardiff Univ, Sustainable Places Res Inst, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. RP Armstrong, SB; Lazarus, ED (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Geog & Environm Unit, Environm Dynam Lab, Southampton, Hants, England. EM S.B.Armstrong@soton.ac.uk; E.D.Lazarus@soton.ac.uk OI Goldstein, Evan/0000-0001-9358-1016; Lazarus, Eli/0000-0003-2404-9661; Armstrong, Scott/0000-0001-9567-5964 FU Welsh Government; HEFCW through Ser Cymru National Research Network for Low Carbon, Energy and Environment RESILCOAST Project; Cardiff Undergraduate Research Opportunities Programme (CUROP); UK NERC BLUEcoast project [NE/N015665/2] FX This work was supported in part by funding (to E.D.L. and R.C.B) from Welsh Government and HEFCW through the Ser Cymru National Research Network for Low Carbon, Energy and the Environment RESILCOAST Project, by the Cardiff Undergraduate Research Opportunities Programme (CUROP; to E.D.L. and C.T.), and is a contribution (via E.D.L.) to the UK NERC BLUEcoast project (NE/N015665/2). The authors thank A. Coburn (PSDS) for data support, and thank reviewers and the journal editors for their constructive comments. Links to publicly accessible data sources used in this work are listed in Table S3. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2328-4277 J9 EARTHS FUTURE JI Earth Future PD DEC PY 2016 VL 4 IS 12 BP 626 EP 635 DI 10.1002/2016EF000425 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI9FO UT WOS:000392813400008 ER PT J AU Proctor, B Lockner, DA AF Proctor, B. Lockner, D. A. TI Pseudotachylyte increases the post-slip strength of faults SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKES; ZONE; MECHANISM AB Solidified frictional melts, or pseudotachylytes, are observed in exhumed faults from across the seismogenic zone. These unique fault rocks, and many experimental studies, suggest that frictional melting can be an important process during earthquakes. However, it remains unknown how melting affects the post-slip strength of the fault and why many exhumed faults do not contain pseudotachylyte. Analyses of triaxial stick-slip events on Westerly Granite (Rhode Island, USA) sawcuts at confining pressures from 50 to 400 MPa show evidence for frictional heating, including some events energetic enough to generate surface melt. Total and partial stress drops were observed with slip as high as 6.5 mm. We find that in dry samples following melt-producing stick slip, the shear failure strength increased as much as 50 MPa, while wet samples had <10 MPa strengthening. Microstructural analysis indicates that the strengthening is caused by welding of the slip surface during melt quenching, suggesting that natural pseudotachylytes may also strengthen faults after earthquakes. These results predict that natural pseudotachylyte will inhibit slip reactivation and possibly generate stress heterogeneities along faults. Wet samples do not exhibit melt welding, possibly because of thermal pressurization of water reducing frictional heating during slip. C1 [Proctor, B.; Lockner, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Proctor, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Proctor, Brooks/0000-0002-4878-8728 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 2016 VL 44 IS 12 BP 1003 EP 1006 DI 10.1130/G38349.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA EI8CY UT WOS:000392733800009 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, JA Aiken, GR Swanson, DK Panda, S Butler, KD Baltensperger, AP AF O'Donnell, Jonathan A. Aiken, George R. Swanson, David K. Panda, Santosh Butler, Kenna D. Baltensperger, Andrew P. TI Dissolved organic matter composition of Arctic rivers: Linking permafrost and parent material to riverine carbon SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERIOR ALASKA; THAW; ECOSYSTEMS; USA; FLUORESCENCE; CATCHMENT; STREAMS AB Recent climate change in the Arctic is driving permafrost thaw, which has important implications for regional hydrology and global carbon dynamics. Permafrost is an important control on groundwater dynamics and the amount and chemical composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) transported by high-latitude rivers. The consequences of permafrost thaw for riverine DOM dynamics will likely vary across space and time, due in part to spatial variation in ecosystem properties in Arctic watersheds. Here we examined watershed controls on DOM composition in 69 streams and rivers draining heterogeneous landscapes across a broad region of Arctic Alaska. We characterized DOM using bulk dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, optical properties, and chemical fractionation and classified watersheds based on permafrost characteristics (mapping of parent material and ground ice content, modeling of thermal state) and ecotypes. Parent material and ground ice content significantly affected the amount and composition of DOM. DOC concentrations were higher in watersheds underlain by fine-grained loess compared to watersheds underlain by coarse-grained sand or shallow bedrock. DOC concentration was also higher in rivers draining ice-rich landscapes compared to rivers draining ice-poor landscapes. Similarly, specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA(254), an index of DOM aromaticity) values were highest in watersheds underlain by fine-grained deposits or ice-rich permafrost. We also observed differences in hydrophobic organic acids, hydrophilic compounds, and DOM fluorescence across watersheds. Both DOC concentration and SUVA(254) were negatively correlated with watershed active layer thickness, as determined by high-resolution permafrost modeling. Together, these findings highlight how spatial variations in permafrost physical and thermal properties can influence riverine DOM. C1 [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.] Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, Anchorage, AK USA. [Aiken, George R.; Butler, Kenna D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. [Swanson, David K.; Baltensperger, Andrew P.] Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Panda, Santosh] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP O'Donnell, JA (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, Anchorage, AK USA. EM jaodonnell@nps.gov OI Panda, Santosh/0000-0003-1990-9479 FU National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program; U.S. Geological Survey's National Research Program; U.S. Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystems program FX We thank two anonymous reviewers and Josh Koch for providing helpful comments on the manuscript. We also thank Sara Breitmeyer for helping with DOM analyses. The National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program provided funding for this study. The U.S. Geological Survey's National Research Program and Changing Arctic Ecosystems program provided additional support. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. George Aiken and Kenna Butler did not materially contribute to the model application described in this publication. Most data can be accessed via the National Park Service's Integrated Resource Management Application (IRMA) website (https://irma.nps.gov) or by contacting the authors directly. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC PY 2016 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1811 EP 1826 DI 10.1002/2016GB005482 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EJ0UY UT WOS:000392927300004 ER PT J AU Iverson, RM George, DL Logan, M AF Iverson, Richard M. George, David L. Logan, Matthew TI Debris flow runup on vertical barriers and adverse slopes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID AVALANCHES; DYNAMICS AB Runup of debris flows against obstacles in their paths is a complex process that involves profound flow deceleration and redirection. We investigate the dynamics and predictability of runup by comparing results from large-scale laboratory experiments, four simple analytical models, and a depth-integrated numerical model (D-Claw). The experiments and numerical simulations reveal the important influence of unsteady, multidimensional flow on runup, and the analytical models highlight key aspects of the underlying physics. Runup against a vertical barrier normal to the flow path is dominated by rapid development of a shock, or jump in flow height, associated with abrupt deceleration of the flow front. By contrast, runup on sloping obstacles is initially dominated by a smooth flux of mass and momentum from the flow body to the flow front, which precedes shock development and commonly increases the runup height. D-Claw simulations that account for the emergence of shocks show that predicted runup heights vary systematically with the adverse slope angle and also with the Froude number and degree of liquefaction (or effective basal friction) of incoming flows. They additionally clarify the strengths and limitations of simplified analytical models. Numerical simulations based on a priori knowledge of the evolving dynamics of incoming flows yield quite accurate runup predictions. Less predictive accuracy is attained in ab initio simulations that compute runup based solely on knowledge of static debris properties in a distant debris flow source area. Nevertheless, the paucity of inputs required in ab initio simulations enhances their prospective value in runup forecasting. C1 [Iverson, Richard M.; George, David L.; Logan, Matthew] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Iverson, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM riverson@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 121 IS 12 BP 2333 EP 2357 DI 10.1002/2016JF003933 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EI9MI UT WOS:000392831800005 ER PT J AU Duan, YJ Madenjian, CP Xie, CX Diana, JS O'Brien, TP Zhao, YM He, JX Farha, SA Huo, B AF Duan, You J. Madenjian, Charles P. Xie, Cong X. Diana, James S. O'Brien, Timothy P. Zhao, Ying M. He, Ji X. Farha, Steven A. Huo, Bin TI Age and growth of round gobies. in Lake Huron: Implications for food web dynamics SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Age structure; Mortality; Round goby; Spatial variation in growth; Top-down control ID GOBY NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; MICHIGAN; INVASION; ERIE; ONTARIO; MORTALITY; PREDATION; PISCIVORY; PATTERNS; OTOLITHS AB Although the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) has become established throughout the Laurentian Great Lakes, information is scarce on spatial variation in round goby growth between and within lakes. Based on a sample of 754 specimens captured in 2014, age, growth, and mortality of round gobies at four locations in Lake Huron were assessed via otolith analysis. Total length (TL) of round gobies ranged from 44 to 111 mm for Saginaw Bay, from 45 to 115 mm for Rockport, from 50 to 123 mm for Hammond Bay, and from 51 to 118 mm for Thunder Bay. Estimated ages of round gobies ranged from 2 to 5 years for Saginaw Bay, from 2 to 6 years for Rockport, and from 2 to 7 years for Hammond Bay and Thunder Bay. Sex-specific, body-otolith relationships were used to back-calculate total lengths at age, which were then fitted to von Bertalanffy growth models. For each sex, round goby growth showed significant spatial variation among the four locations within Lake Huron. At all four locations in Lake Huron, males grew significantly faster than females and attained a larger asymptotic length than females. Annual mortality rate estimates were high (62 to 85%), based on catch-curve analysis, suggesting that round gobies may be under predatory control in Lake Huron. (C) 2016 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Duan, You J.; Xie, Cong X.; Huo, Bin] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Fisheries, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Madenjian, Charles P.; O'Brien, Timothy P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Diana, James S.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [He, Ji X.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lake Huron Res Stn, 160 East Fletcher St, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [Zhao, Ying M.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Aquat Res & Dev Sect, 320 Milo Rd, Wheatley, ON N0P 2P0, Canada. [Farha, Steven A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM huobin@mail.hzau.edu.cn FU Chinese Scholarship Council FX We thank Andrew Briggs of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge for providing round gobies from Rockport, Todd Wills and Mike Thomas of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources Lake St. Clair Fisheries Research Station for providing round gobies from Saginaw Bay, Henry Thompson and Zach Wickert of the USGS Hammond Bay Biological Station for collection of round gobies in Hammond Bay; Patrick Hudson and Kevin Keeler for assisting with the use of the microscope-camera system, David Bennion for preparing the map and David Jude for reviewing the draft manuscript and providing helpful suggestions for its improvement. This study was funded, in part, by the Chinese Scholarship Council. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This article is Contribution 2081 of the U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1443 EP 1451 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.08.010 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EI5VL UT WOS:000392564300028 ER PT J AU Johnson, NS Brenden, TO Swink, WD Lipps, MA AF Johnson, Nicholas S. Brenden, Travis O. Swink, William D. Lipps, Mathew A. TI Survival and metamorphosis of larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) residing in Lakes Michigan and Huron near river mouths SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Larvae; Survival; Metamorphosis; Lentic; Petromyzon marinus; Tag-recovery ID GREAT-LAKES; LAMPRICIDE TREATMENT; PACIFIC LAMPREY; GROWTH; STREAMS; ABUNDANCE; MANAGEMENT; DENSITY; MODELS; LENGTH AB Although population demographics of larval lampreys in streams have been studied extensively, demographics in lake environments have not. Here, we estimated survival and rates of metamorphosis for larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations residing in the Great Lakes near river mouths (hereafter termed lentic areas). Tagged larvae were stocked and a Bayesian multi-state tag-recovery model was used to investigate population parameters associated with tag recovery, including survival and metamorphosis probabilities. Compared to previous studies of larvae in streams, larval growth in lentic areas was substantially slower (Brody growth coefficient = 0.00132; estimate based on the recovery of six tagged larvae), survival was slightly greater (annual survival = 63%), and the length at which 50% of the larvae would be expected to metamorphose was substantially shorter (126 mm). Stochastic simulations were used to estimate the production of parasitic stage (juvenile) sea lamprey from a hypothetical population of larvae in a lentic environment. Production of juvenile sea lamprey was substantial because, even though larval growth in these environments was slow relative to stream environments, survival was high and length at metamorphosis was less. However, estimated production of juvenile sea lamprey was less for the lentic environment than for similar simulations for river environments where larvae grew faster. In circumstances where the cost to kill a larva with lampricide was equal and control funds are limited, sea lamprey control effort may be best directed toward larvae in streams with fast-growing larvae, because stream produced larvae will most likely contribute to juvenile sea lamprey populations. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Johnson, Nicholas S.; Swink, William D.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Brenden, Travis O.] Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, 293 Farm Lane, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lipps, Mathew A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ludington Biol Stn, 229 S Jebavy Dr, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. EM njohnson@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission Sea Lamprey Research Program FX We thank the Great Lakes Fishery Commission Sea Lamprey Research Program for funding this research, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Fisheries and Oceans Canada for assistance with all aspects of the study, including larval collections, larval assessments, treatment collections, and adult collections. Mike Steeves and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly improved this manuscript. Support for T. Brenden was provided by contributing partners of the Michigan State University (MSU) Quantitative Fisheries Center, which includes Council of Lake Committee Agencies, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, MSU's College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, MSU Extension, and MSU AgBioResearch. This article is contribution 2016-17 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1461 EP 1469 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.09.003 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EI5VL UT WOS:000392564300030 ER PT J AU Beever, EA Perrine, JD Rickman, T Flores, M Clark, JP Waters, C Weber, SS Yardley, B Thoma, D Chesley-Preston, T Goehring, KE Magnuson, M Nordensten, N Nelson, M Collins, GH AF Beever, Erik A. Perrine, John D. Rickman, Tom Flores, Mary Clark, John P. Waters, Cassie Weber, Shana S. Yardley, Braden Thoma, David Chesley-Preston, Tara Goehring, Kenneth E. Magnuson, Michael Nordensten, Nancy Nelson, Melissa Collins, Gail H. TI Pika (Ochotona princeps) losses from two isolated regions reflect temperature and water balance, but reflect habitat area in a mainland region SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE climatic water balance; DAYMET; habitat area; hydrographic Great Basin; local range contraction; logistic regression; northeastern California; Ochotona; pika; Utah national parks ID SPECIES OPTIMUM ELEVATIONS; YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; DRIVE DOWNHILL SHIFTS; WESTERN GREAT-BASIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AMERICAN PIKA; GLOBAL CHANGE; INSULAR BIOGEOGRAPHY; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; COMPLEX TERRAIN AB Although biotic responses to contemporary climate change are spatially pervasive and often reflect synergies between climate and other ecological disturbances, the relative importance of climatic factors versus habitat extent for species persistence remains poorly understood. To address this shortcoming, we performed surveys for American pikas (Ochotona princeps) at > 910 locations in 3 geographic regions of western North America during 2014 and 2015, complementing earlier modern (1994-2013) and historical (1898-1990) surveys. We sought to compare extirpation rates and the relative importance of climatic factors versus habitat area for pikas in a mainland-versus-islands framework. In each region, we found widespread evidence of distributional loss-local extirpations, upslope retractions, and encounter of only old sign. Locally comprehensive surveys suggest extirpation of O. princeps from 5 of 9 new sites from the hydrographic Great Basin and from 11 of 29 sites in northeastern California. Although American pikas were recorded as recently as 2011 in Zion National Park and in 2012 from Cedar Breaks National Monument in Utah, O. princeps now appears extirpated from all reported localities in both park units. Multiple logistic regressions for each region suggested that both temperature-related and water-balance-related variables estimated from DAYMET strongly explained pika persistence at sites in the Great Basin and in Utah but not in the Sierra-Cascade "mainland" portion of northeastern California. Conversely, talus-habitat area did not predict American pika persistence in the Great Basin or Utah but strongly predicted persistence in the Sierra-Cascade mainland. These results not only add new areas to our understanding of long-term trend of the American pika's distribution, but also can inform decisions regarding allocation of conservation effort and management actions. Burgeoning research on species such as O. princeps has collectively demonstrated the heterogeneity and nuance with which climate can act on the distribution of mountain-dwelling mammals. C1 [Beever, Erik A.; Chesley-Preston, Tara] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Ste 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Beever, Erik A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, POB 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Perrine, John D.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, 1 Grand Ave, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Rickman, Tom] US Forest Serv, Lassen Natl Forest, 477-050 Eagle Lake Rd, Susanville, CA 96130 USA. [Flores, Mary; Clark, John P.] US Forest Serv, Modoc Natl Forest, 225 West 8th St, Alturas, CA 96101 USA. [Waters, Cassie] Natl Pk Serv, Zion Natl Pk,1 Zion Pk Blvd,State Route 9, Springdale, UT 84767 USA. [Weber, Shana S.] Princeton Univ, Off Sustainabil, MacMillan Annex West, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Yardley, Braden] Natl Pk Serv, Cedar Breaks Natl Monument, 2390 West Highway 56,Ste 11, Cedar City, UT 84720 USA. [Thoma, David] Natl Pk Serv, Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network, 2327 Univ Way, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Goehring, Kenneth E.] Coll Siskiyous, Dept Biol, 3129 Columbine Rd, Weed, CA 96094 USA. [Magnuson, Michael] Natl Pk Serv, Lassen Volcan Natl Pk,38050 Highway 36 East, Mineral, CA 96063 USA. [Nordensten, Nancy] Natl Pk Serv, Lava Beds Natl Monument, 1 Indian Well Headquarters, Tulelake, CA 96134 USA. [Nelson, Melissa] Bur Land Management, Eagle Lake Field Off, 2550 Riverside Dr, Susanville, CA 96130 USA. [Collins, Gail H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sheldon Hart Mt Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. [Yardley, Braden] Bur Land Management, 345 East Riverside Dr, St George, UT 84790 USA. RP Beever, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Ste 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.; Beever, EA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, POB 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM ebeever@usgs.gov FU Great Basin LCC; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank K. Condon, M. Curran, J. French, A. Gill, C. Giordano, J. McFarland, K. Orlofsky, L. Pettinger, J. Roper, K. Taylor, and A. Whipple for fieldwork assistance. We thank A. Johnston, C. Millar, and J. L. Wilkening for critical comments on an earlier version of this manuscript and several anonymous reviewers for their input. We thank J. Stewart for providing estimates of talus area for 9 sites in northeastern California. Funding was provided by the Great Basin LCC and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1495 EP 1511 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyw128 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EI9SR UT WOS:000392849900001 ER PT J AU Smyser, TJ Stauffer, GE Johnson, SA Hudson, CM Rhodes, OE Swihart, RK AF Smyser, Timothy J. Stauffer, Glenn E. Johnson, Scott A. Hudson, Cassie M. Rhodes, Olin E., Jr. Swihart, Robert K. TI Annual survival of Allegheny woodrats in a nonequilibrium metapopulation SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Allegheny woodrat; apparent survival; Cormack-Jolly-Seber; genetic rescue; heterozygosity; inbreeding; mark-recapture; metapopulation; Neotoma magister ID NEOTOMA-MAGISTER; IMPERFECT DETECTION; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION; RATES; CONSEQUENCES; RESTORATION; RECOVERY; DECLINE AB Many declining populations of the imperiled Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) function as nonequilibrium metapopulations in which rates of subpopulation extirpation exceed recolonization. Quantifying and maximizing survival rates thus becomes critical for the conservation of these spatially structured populations. We used encounter histories of individually marked woodrats from subpopulations in Indiana, monitored annually from 2005 to 2013, to 1) estimate apparent annual survival rates while accounting for imperfect detection, 2) evaluate differences in apparent survival between unaugmented subpopulations and subpopulations reestablished or restored through translocation efforts, and 3) describe the effect of genetic diversity on survival. From Cormack-Jolly-Seber models developed in a Bayesian framework, apparent survival was greater for adults than for juveniles, greater for females than males, and there was a modest negative effect of density dependence. Although heterozygosity rates at 11 microsatellites increased among reinforced subpopulations following translocations, we observed no effect of heterozygosity on apparent survival. However, after translocations, average apparent survival was approximately 14% greater among recipient subpopulations than remnant subpopulations. This suggests that viability of recipient subpopulations was limited by low connectivity and the absence of genetic benefits conveyed by immigration or the potential for patches to be recolonized following local extinction. Under conditions of reduced connectivity, translocation among subpopulations to replicate natural gene flow may be appropriate to facilitate the long-term persistence of this and perhaps other nonequilibrium metapopulations. C1 [Smyser, Timothy J.; Swihart, Robert K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 715 West State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Smyser, Timothy J.] USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Stauffer, Glenn E.] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 419 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Johnson, Scott A.] Indiana Dept Nat Resources, 402 West Washington St,Room W273, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Hudson, Cassie M.] Indiana Dept Nat Resources, 5596 East State Rd 46, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. [Rhodes, Olin E., Jr.] Univ Georgias, Savanna River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Smyser, TJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 715 West State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.; Smyser, TJ (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Timothy.J.Smyser@aphis.usda.gov FU Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish and Wildlife (State Wildlife Grant) [T7R2, T7R12] FX Funding for this work was provided by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish and Wildlife (State Wildlife Grant T7R2 and T7R12). R. Blythe, T. Shier, A. Holbrook, H. Walker, B. Geboy, J. Kubel, Z. Bagley, J. Utz, B. Haslick, J. Hoffman, K. Leffel, and K. Harman assisted with woodrat livetrapping. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1699 EP 1708 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyw136 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EI9SR UT WOS:000392849900019 ER PT J AU Munoz, DJ Hesed, KM Grant, EHC Miller, DAW AF Munoz, David J. Hesed, Kyle Miller Grant, Evan H. Campbell Miller, David A. W. TI Evaluating within-population variability in behavior and demography for the adaptive potential of a dispersal-limited species to climate change SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE adaptive capacity; behavioral plasticity; climate change; color morph; demography; Plethodon cinereus ID RED-BACKED SALAMANDER; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; BERTALANFFY GROWTH CURVE; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DESIGN; PLETHODON-CINEREUS; TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; POLYMORPHIC SALAMANDER; GENETIC-VARIATION; COVER OBJECTS; COLOR MORPHS AB Multiple pathways exist for species to respond to changing climates. However, responses of dispersal-limited species will be more strongly tied to ability to adapt within existing populations as rates of environmental change will likely exceed movement rates. Here, we assess adaptive capacity in Plethodon cinereus, a dispersal-limited woodland salamander. We quantify plasticity in behavior and variation in demography to observed variation in environmental variables over a 5-year period. We found strong evidence that temperature and rainfall influence P. cinereus surface presence, indicating changes in climate are likely to affect seasonal activity patterns. We also found that warmer summer temperatures reduced individual growth rates into the autumn, which is likely to have negative demographic consequences. Reduced growth rates may delay reproductive maturity and lead to reductions in size-specific fecundity, potentially reducing population-level persistence. To better understand within-population variability in responses, we examined differences between two common color morphs. Previous evidence suggests that the color polymorphism may be linked to physiological differences in heat and moisture tolerance. We found only moderate support for morph-specific differences for the relationship between individual growth and temperature. Measuring environmental sensitivity to climatic variability is the first step in predicting species' responses to climate change. Our results suggest phenological shifts and changes in growth rates are likely responses under scenarios where further warming occurs, and we discuss possible adaptive strategies for resulting selective pressures. C1 [Munoz, David J.; Miller, David A. W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hesed, Kyle Miller] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Grant, Evan H. Campbell] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. [Hesed, Kyle Miller] Hesston Coll, Dept Nat Sci & Math, Biol Program, Hesston, KS USA. RP Munoz, DJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM djm516@psu.edu RI Miller, David/E-4492-2012 FU University of Maryland Department of Biology; UMD College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences; UMD Graduate School; National Science Foundation [DGE-0750616]; Explorers Club Washington Group; Cosmos Club Foundation; American Philosophical Society; Washington Biologists Field Club Research; International Herpetological Symposium Grant in Herpetology FX University of Maryland Department of Biology; UMD College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences; UMD Graduate School; National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: DGE-0750616; Explorers Club Washington Group; Cosmos Club Foundation; American Philosophical Society; Washington Biologists Field Club Research; International Herpetological Symposium Grant in Herpetology NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 6 IS 24 BP 8740 EP 8754 DI 10.1002/ece3.2573 PG 15 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EH9AF UT WOS:000392063300009 PM 28035265 ER PT J AU Schattner, U Lazar, M Souza, LAP ten Brink, U Mahiques, MM AF Schattner, U. Lazar, M. Souza, L. A. P. ten Brink, U. Mahiques, M. M. TI Pockmark asymmetry and seafloor currents in the Santos Basin offshore Brazil SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC-OCEAN; DANISH NORTH-SEA; BELFAST BAY; MORPHOLOGY; MARGIN; SLOPE; CIRCULATION; MAINE; FIELD; SIDE AB Pockmarks form by gas/fluid expulsion into the ocean and are preserved under conditions of negligible sedimentation. Ideally, they are circular at the seafloor and symmetrical in profile. Elliptical pockmarks are more enigmatic. They are associated with seafloor currents while asymmetry is connected to sedimentation patterns. This study examines these associations through morphological analysis of new multibeam data collected across the Santos continental slope offshore Brazil in 2011 (353-865 mbsl). Of 984 pockmarks, 78% are both elliptical and asymmetric. Geometric criteria divide the pockmarks into three depth ranges that correlate with a transition between two currents: the Brazil Current transfers Tropical Water and South Atlantic Central Water southwestwards while the Intermediate Western Boundary Current transfers Antarctic Intermediate Water northeast-wards. It is suggested that the velocity of seafloor currents and their persistence dictate pockmark ellipticity, orientation and profile asymmetry. Fast currents (>20 cm/s) are capable of maintaining pockmark flank steepness close to the angle of repose. These morphological expressions present direct evidence for an edge effect of the South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre and, in general, provide a correlation between pockmark geometry and seafloor currents that can be applied at other locations worldwide. C1 [Schattner, U.; Lazar, M.; ten Brink, U.] Univ Haifa, Leon H Charney Sch Marine Sci, Dr Mosses Straus Dept Marine Geosci, IL-31905 Har Hakarmel, Israel. [Souza, L. A. P.] Inst Technol Res State Sao Paulo IPT, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [ten Brink, U.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Mahiques, M. M.] Univ Sao Paulo IOUSP, Oceanog Inst, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Schattner, U (reprint author), Univ Haifa, Leon H Charney Sch Marine Sci, Dr Mosses Straus Dept Marine Geosci, IL-31905 Har Hakarmel, Israel. EM schattner@univ.haifa.ac.il OI Schattner, Uri/0000-0002-4453-4552 FU Sao Paulo Science Foundation [2010/06147-5, 2014/08266-2] FX The authors are indebted to the National Agency for Oil, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP-Brazil) for providing the multi-channel seismic lines, and to the Brazilian Navy for the multibeam bathymetry surveys. Thanks are also due to Dr. Paulo Sumida (Oceanographic Institute of the University of Sao Paulo) who co-led the multibeam surveys, and to Dr. Laura Brothers for valuable comments. We would also like to thank O. Hammer, an anonymous reviewer and the journal editors for their constructive comments. Financial support was provided by the Sao Paulo Science Foundation grants nos. 2010/06147-5 and 2014/08266-2. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 EI 1432-1157 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 36 IS 6 BP 457 EP 464 DI 10.1007/s00367-016-0468-0 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA EI2JN UT WOS:000392313300005 ER PT J AU Gesch, DB Brock, JC Parrish, CE Rogers, JN Wright, CW AF Gesch, Dean B. Brock, John C. Parrish, Christopher E. Rogers, Jeffrey N. Wright, C. Wayne TI Introduction: Special Issue on Advances in Topobathymetric Mapping, Models, and Applications SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Topography; bathymetry; lidar; storm surge; seacliff; inundation; uncertainty; hydrologic connectivity; benthic habitat; salt marsh ID DATUM TRANSFORMATION TOOL AB Detailed knowledge of near-shore topography and bathymetry is required for many geospatial data applications in the coastal environment. New data sources and processing methods are facilitating development of seamless, regional-scale topobathymetric digital elevation models. These elevation models integrate disparate multi-sensor, multi-temporal topographic and bathymetric datasets to provide a coherent base layer for coastal science applications such as wetlands mapping and monitoring, sea-level rise assessment, benthic habitat mapping, erosion monitoring, and storm impact assessment. The focus of this special issue is on recent advances in the source data, data processing and integration methods, and applications of topobathymetric datasets. C1 [Gesch, Dean B.; Wright, C. Wayne] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Brock, John C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Parrish, Christopher E.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Civil & Construct Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rogers, Jeffrey N.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Rogers, Jeffrey N.] Ctr Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA 02657 USA. RP Gesch, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gesch@usgs.gov FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX The USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program provided partial funding for production of this special issue. The guest editors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of all the peer reviewers of the papers submitted for the issue. Thanks go to Chris Makowski at the Coastal Education and Research Foundation (publisher) for advice and guidance along the way. Special thanks go to Tom Adamson at the USGS EROS Center for his invaluable help on preparation of the final manuscripts for publication, and to Dean Tyler for the journal cover image. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI COCONUT CREEK PA 5130 NW 54TH STREET, COCONUT CREEK, FL 33073 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2016 SI 76 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.2112/SI76-001 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EH5MT UT WOS:000391817900001 PM 27779438 ER PT J AU Wright, CW Kranenburg, C Battista, TA Parrish, C AF Wright, C. Wayne Kranenburg, Christine Battista, Timothy A. Parrish, Christopher TI Depth Calibration and Validation of the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar, EAARL-B SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bathymetry; laser hydrography ID SYSTEM AB The original National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), was extensively modified to increase the spatial sampling density and improve performance in water ranging from 3-44 m. The new (EAARL-B) sensor features a 300% increase in spatial density, which was achieved by optically splitting each laser pulse into 3 pulses spatially separated by 1.6 m along the flight track and 2.0 m across-track on the water surface when flown at a nominal altitude of 300 m. Improved depth capability was achieved by increasing the total peak laser power by a factor of 10, and incorporating a new "deep-water" receiver, optimized to exclusively receive refracted and scattered light from deeper water (15-44 m). Two clear-water missions were conducted to determine the EAARL-B depth calibration coefficients. The calibration mission was conducted over the U.S. Navy's South Florida Testing Facility (SFTF), an established lidar calibration range located in the coastal waters southeast of Fort Lauderdale, Florida. A second mission was conducted over Lang Bank, St. Croix, U. S. Virgin Islands. The EAARL-B survey was spatially and temporally coincident with multibeam sonar surveys conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ship Nancy Foster. The NOAA depth data range from 10-100 m, whereas the EAARL-B captured data from 0-41 m. Coefficients derived from the SFTF calibration mission were used to correct the EAARL-B data from both missions. The resulting calibrated EAARL-B data were then compared with the original reference dataset, a jet-ski-based single beam sonar dataset from the SFTF site, and the deeper NOAA data from St. Croix. Additionally, EAARL-B depth accuracy was evaluated by comparing the depth results to International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) standards. Results show good agreement between the calibrated EAARL-B data and all three reference datasets, with 95% confidence levels well within the maximum allowable total vertical uncertainty for IHO Order 1 surveys. C1 [Wright, C. Wayne] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Kranenburg, Christine] CNTS US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Battista, Timothy A.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Parrish, Christopher] Oregon State Univ, Sch Civil & Construct Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kranenburg, C (reprint author), CNTS US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ckranenburg@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI COCONUT CREEK PA 5130 NW 54TH STREET, COCONUT CREEK, FL 33073 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2016 SI 76 BP 4 EP 17 DI 10.2112/SI76-002 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EH5MT UT WOS:000391817900002 ER PT J AU Kim, M Kopilevich, Y Feygels, V Park, JY Wozencraft, J AF Kim, Minsu Kopilevich, Yuri Feygels, Viktor Park, Joong Yong Wozencraft, Jennifer TI Modeling of Airborne Bathymetric Lidar Waveforms SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lidar; laser beam transmission; radiative transfer; ocean optics ID SCATTERING AB Modeling the optical power of the lidar return waveform is performed for the radiometrically calibrated CZMIL (Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar, Optech, Inc.) data. For this purpose, a lidar waveform simulator was developed. The theory is described based on the receiver sensitivity function, the radiative transfer equation (RTE) via the Greens function, the optical reciprocity theorem, and the small angle approximation (SAA). The SAA-based RTE is solved for the radiance distribution using the Fourier transform method. Along with the numerical algorithms, the contribution was made on the air-water and water-bottom interface peaks in the bathymetric lidar waveforms. Lacking ground truth data, a simulated waveform that best fits CZMIL data was used to estimate the optimized environmental parameters. The estimated parameters were well within the plausible natural optical properties. Compared to other approaches based on the relative intensity waveform, the simulation was applied to the absolute calibrated power. Thus, the model can be used to predict the general performance of any bathymetric lidar. This research will help design an optimized system to achieve the maximum performance. The forward modeling capability will also provide opportunities to develop advanced waveform processing algorithms, such as surface peak modeling and scattering correction. Thus, the improved quality of bathymetric lidar data contributed by this research will promote the various coastal science applications in terms of improved data accuracy and extended coverage. C1 [Kim, Minsu] US Geol Survey, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Kopilevich, Yuri] St Petersburg Natl Res Univ Informat Technol Mech, St Petersburg 197101, Russia. [Feygels, Viktor; Park, Joong Yong] Teledyne Optech Inc, Kiln, MS 39556 USA. [Wozencraft, Jennifer] Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Tech Ctr Expertis, Kiln, MS 39556 USA. RP Kim, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM minsu.kim.ctr@usgs.gov FU USGS [G15PC00012] FX Work by the lead author performed under USGS contract G15PC00012. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI COCONUT CREEK PA 5130 NW 54TH STREET, COCONUT CREEK, FL 33073 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2016 SI 76 BP 18 EP 30 DI 10.2112/SI76-003 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EH5MT UT WOS:000391817900003 ER PT J AU Thatcher, CA Brock, JC Danielson, JJ Poppenga, SK Gesch, DB Palaseanu-Lovejoy, ME Barras, JA Evans, GA Gibbs, AE AF Thatcher, Cindy A. Brock, John C. Danielson, Jeffrey J. Poppenga, Sandra K. Gesch, Dean B. Palaseanu-Lovejoy, Monica E. Barras, John A. Evans, Gayla A. Gibbs, Ann E. TI Creating a Coastal National Elevation Database (CoNED) for Science and Conservation Applications SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lidar; coastal hazards; topobathymetric elevation models; sea-level rise; 3DEP; storm surge AB The U.S. Geological Survey is creating the Coastal National Elevation Database, an expanding set of topobathymetric elevation models that extend seamlessly across coastal regions of high societal or ecological significance in the United States that are undergoing rapid change or are threatened by inundation hazards. Topobathymetric elevation models are raster datasets useful for inundation prediction and other earth science applications, such as the development of sediment-transport and storm surge models. These topobathymetric elevation models are being constructed by the broad regional assimilation of numerous topographic and bathymetric datasets, and are intended to fulfill the pressing needs of decision makers establishing policies for hazard mitigation and emergency preparedness, coastal managers tasked with coastal planning compatible with predictions of inundation due to sea-level rise, and scientists investigating processes of coastal geomorphic change. A key priority of this coastal elevation mapping effort is to foster collaborative lidar acquisitions that meet the standards of the USGS National Geospatial Program's 3D Elevation Program, a nationwide initiative to systematically collect high-quality elevation data. The focus regions are located in highly dynamic environments, for example in areas subject to shoreline change, rapid wetland loss, hurricane impacts such as overwash and wave scouring, and/or human-induced changes to coastal topography. C1 [Thatcher, Cindy A.; Palaseanu-Lovejoy, Monica E.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Brock, John C.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Danielson, Jeffrey J.; Poppenga, Sandra K.; Gesch, Dean B.; Evans, Gayla A.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Barras, John A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Baton Rouge Colocat Off, Baton Rouge, LA 70801 USA. [Gibbs, Ann E.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Thatcher, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM thatcherc@usgs.gov OI Poppenga, Sandra/0000-0002-2846-6836 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI COCONUT CREEK PA 5130 NW 54TH STREET, COCONUT CREEK, FL 33073 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2016 SI 76 BP 64 EP 74 DI 10.2112/SI76-007 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EH5MT UT WOS:000391817900007 ER PT J AU Danielson, JJ Poppenga, SK Brock, JC Evans, GA Tyler, DJ Gesch, DB Thatcher, CA Barras, JA AF Danielson, Jeffrey J. Poppenga, Sandra K. Brock, John C. Evans, Gayla A. Tyler, Dean J. Gesch, Dean B. Thatcher, Cindy A. Barras, John A. TI Topobathymetric Elevation Model Development using a New Methodology: Coastal National Elevation Database SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Topobathymetric elevation models; lidar; bathymetry; interpolation; geodatabase ID DATUM TRANSFORMATION TOOL; TAMPA-BAY; SEAMLESS AB During the coming decades, coastlines will respond to widely predicted sea-level rise, storm surge, and coastal inundation flooding from disastrous events. Because physical processes in coastal environments are controlled by the geomorphology of over-the-land topography and underwater bathymetry, many applications of geospatial data in coastal environments require detailed knowledge of the near-shore topography and bathymetry. In this paper, an updated methodology used by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal National Elevation Database (CoNED) Applications Project is presented for developing coastal topobathymetric elevation models (TBDEMs) from multiple topographic data sources with adjacent intertidal topobathymetric and offshore bathymetric sources to generate seamlessly integrated TBDEMs. This repeatable, updatable, and logically consistent methodology assimilates topographic data (land elevation) and bathymetry (water depth) into a seamless coastal elevation model. Within the overarching framework, vertical datum transformations are standardized in a workflow that interweaves spatially consistent interpolation (gridding) techniques with a land/water boundary mask delineation approach. Output gridded raster TBDEMs are stacked into a file storage system of mosaic datasets within an Esri ArcGIS geodatabase for efficient updating while maintaining current and updated spatially referenced metadata. Topobathymetric data provide a required seamless elevation product for several science application studies, such as shoreline delineation, coastal inundation mapping, sediment-transport, sea-level rise, storm surge models, and tsunami impact assessment. These detailed coastal elevation data are critical to depict regions prone to climate change impacts and are essential to planners and managers responsible for mitigating the associated risks and costs to both human communities and ecosystems. The CoNED methodology approach has been used to construct integrated TBDEM models in Mobile Bay, the northern Gulf of Mexico, San Francisco Bay, the Hurricane Sandy region, and southern California. C1 [Danielson, Jeffrey J.; Poppenga, Sandra K.; Evans, Gayla A.; Tyler, Dean J.; Gesch, Dean B.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Brock, John C.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Thatcher, Cindy A.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Barras, John A.] US Geol Survey SPCMSC, Baton Rouge Colocat Off, Louisiana Coastal Protect & Restorat Author, Baton Rouge, LA 70801 USA. RP Danielson, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM daniels@usgs.gov OI Tyler, Dean/0000-0002-1542-7539 NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI COCONUT CREEK PA 5130 NW 54TH STREET, COCONUT CREEK, FL 33073 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2016 SI 76 BP 75 EP 89 DI 10.2112/SI76-008 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EH5MT UT WOS:000391817900008 ER PT J AU Poppenga, SK Worstell, BB AF Poppenga, Sandra K. Worstell, Bruce B. TI Hydrologic Connectivity: Quantitative Assessments of Hydrologic-Enforced Drainage Structures in an Elevation Model SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hydrologically-corrected DEM validation; hydrologically-corrected DEM assessments; depression draining; hydrodynamic modeling ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; MANAGEMENT; CHANNELS; NETWORK; TERRAIN; FLOW; NEED AB Elevation data derived from light detection and ranging present challenges for hydrologic modeling as the elevation surface includes bridge decks and elevated road features overlaying culvert drainage structures. In reality, water is carried through these structures; however, in the elevation surface these features impede modeled overland surface flow. Thus, a hydrologically-enforced elevation surface is needed for hydrodynamic modeling. In the Delaware River Basin, hydrologic-enforcement techniques were used to modify elevations to simulate how constructed drainage structures allow overland surface flow. By calculating residuals between unfilled and filled elevation surfaces, artificially pooled depressions that formed upstream of constructed drainage structure features were defined, and elevation values were adjusted by generating transects at the location of the drainage structures. An assessment of each hydrologically-enforced drainage structure was conducted using field-surveyed culvert and bridge coordinates obtained from numerous public agencies, but it was discovered the disparate drainage structure datasets were not comprehensive enough to assess all remotely located depressions in need of hydrologic-enforcement. Alternatively, orthoimagery was interpreted to define drainage structures near each depression, and these locations were used as reference points for a quantitative hydrologic-enforcement assessment. The orthoimagery-interpreted reference points resulted in a larger corresponding sample size than the assessment between hydrologic-enforced transects and field-surveyed data. This assessment demonstrates the viability of rules-based hydrologic-enforcement that is needed to achieve hydrologic connectivity, which is valuable for hydrodynamic models in sensitive coastal regions. Hydrologic-enforced elevation data are also essential for merging with topographic/bathymetric elevation data that extend over vulnerable urbanized areas and dynamic coastal regions. C1 [Poppenga, Sandra K.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Worstell, Bruce B.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Poppenga, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM spoppenga@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Mission Area, Research and Development Program; USGS Natural Hazards Mission Area, Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP); USGS CMGP; USGS [G15PC00012] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Climate and Land Use Mission Area, Research and Development Program and the USGS Natural Hazards Mission Area, Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP). The research reported here is part of a larger USGS effort, the Coastal National Elevation Database (CoNED) Applications Project, a multi-year project funded by the USGS CMGP. The contributions of the following individuals are gratefully acknowledged: John Brock and Jeff Danielson (USGS) for development of the CoNED Applications Project, and Dean Gesch (USGS) for his scientific advice. The authors also thank the journal reviewers and Christopher Parrish for suggestions that improved the manuscript. The authors are grateful to Mercer and Hunterdon Counties, New Jersey, and the City of Trenton, New Jersey; New Jersey Department of Transportation; Pennsylvania Department of Transportation; Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics for access to their field-surveyed data. Work by Bruce Worstell was performed under USGS contract G15PC00012. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI COCONUT CREEK PA 5130 NW 54TH STREET, COCONUT CREEK, FL 33073 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2016 SI 76 BP 90 EP 106 DI 10.2112/SI76-009 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EH5MT UT WOS:000391817900009 ER PT J AU Kress, ME Benimoff, AI Fritz, WJ Thatcher, CA Blanton, BO Dzedzits, E AF Kress, Michael E. Benimoff, Alan I. Fritz, William J. Thatcher, Cindy A. Blanton, Brian O. Dzedzits, Eugene TI Modeling and Simulation of Storm Surge on Staten Island to Understand Inundation Mitigation Strategies SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lidar; ADCIRC; SWAN; dunes; flood protection; hard stabilization ID OCEAN CIRCULATION; WAVE MODEL; SCALE; TIDES AB Hurricane Sandy made landfall on October 29, 2012, near Brigantine, New Jersey, and had a transformative impact on Staten Island and the New York Metropolitan area. Of the 43 New York City fatalities, 23 occurred on Staten Island. The borough, with a population of approximately 500,000, experienced some of the most devastating impacts of the storm. Since Hurricane Sandy, protective dunes have been constructed on the southeast shore of Staten Island. ADCIRC+SWAN model simulations run on The City University of New York's Cray XE6M, housed at the College of Staten Island, using updated topographic data show that the coast of Staten Island is still susceptible to tidal surge similar to those generated by Hurricane Sandy. Sandy hindcast simulations of storm surges focusing on Staten Island are in good agreement with observed storm tide measurements. Model results calculated from fine-scaled and coarse-scaled computational grids demonstrate that finer grids better resolve small differences in the topography of critical hydraulic control structures, which affect storm surge inundation levels. The storm surge simulations, based on post-storm topography obtained from high-resolution lidar, provide much-needed information to understand Staten Island's changing vulnerability to storm surge inundation. The results of fine-scale storm surge simulations can be used to inform efforts to improve resiliency to future storms. For example, protective barriers contain planned gaps in the dunes to provide for beach access that may inadvertently increase the vulnerability of the area. C1 [Kress, Michael E.; Benimoff, Alan I.; Fritz, William J.; Dzedzits, Eugene] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Thatcher, Cindy A.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Blanton, Brian O.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Renaissance Comp Inst, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. RP Kress, ME (reprint author), CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. EM Michael.Kress@csi.cuny.edu FU City University of New York, New York State, New York City; CUNY Research Foundation; National Science Foundation [CNS-0958379, CNS-0855217] FX The CUNY-IHPCC is operated by the College of Staten Island and funded, in part, by The City University of New York, New York State, New York City, the CUNY Research Foundation, and grants from the National Science Foundation grants CNS-0958379 and CNS-0855217. We are grateful to ARCADIS for providing the fine grid. We thank Terry Mares and Debbie Mahoney for assistance in preparation of the manuscript as well as Jennifer Freund for assistance with the figures. We are grateful to Paul Muzio for his computational support and review of the manuscript. We also thank four anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI COCONUT CREEK PA 5130 NW 54TH STREET, COCONUT CREEK, FL 33073 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2016 SI 76 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.2112/SI76-013 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EH5MT UT WOS:000391817900013 ER PT J AU Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M Danielson, J Thatcher, C Foxgrover, A Barnard, P Brock, J Young, A AF Palaseanu-Lovejoy, Monica Danielson, Jeff Thatcher, Cindy Foxgrover, Amy Barnard, Patrick Brock, John Young, Adam TI Automatic Delineation of Seacliff Limits using Lidar-derived High-resolution DEMs in Southern California SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Seacliffs; lidar; DEM; automatic procedures; cliff limits; southern California ID AIRBORNE LIDAR; CLIFF EROSION; SEA AB Seacliff erosion is a serious hazard with implications for coastal management and is often estimated using successive hand-digitized cliff tops or bases (toe) to assess cliff retreat. Even if efforts are made to standardize manual digitizing and eliminate subjectivity, the delineation of cliffs is time-consuming and depends on the analyst's interpretation. An automatic procedure is proposed to extract cliff edges from high-resolution lidar-derived bare-earth digital elevation models, generalized coastal shoreline vectors, and approximate measurements of distance between the shoreline and the cliff top. The method generates orthogonal transects and profiles with a minimum spacing equal to the digital elevation model resolution. The method also extracts the xyz coordinates for each profile for the cliff top and toe, as well as second major inflections along the profile. Over 75% of the automated cliff top points and 78% of the toe automated points are within 95% confidence interval of the hand-digitized top and toe lines, and over 79% of the digitized top points and 84% of the digitized toe points are within the 95% confidence interval of the automated top and toe lines along a stretch of coast in Del Mar, California. Outlier errors were caused by either the failure to remove all vegetation from the bare-earth digital elevation model or errors of interpretation. The automatic method was further applied between Point Conception and Los Angeles Harbor, California. This automatic method is repeatable, takes advantage of detailed topographic information within high-resolution digital elevation models, and is more efficient than hand-digitizing. C1 [Palaseanu-Lovejoy, Monica; Thatcher, Cindy] US Geol Survey, EGSC, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Danielson, Jeff] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Foxgrover, Amy; Barnard, Patrick] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Brock, John] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Young, Adam] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EGSC, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mpal@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI COCONUT CREEK PA 5130 NW 54TH STREET, COCONUT CREEK, FL 33073 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2016 SI 76 BP 162 EP 173 DI 10.2112/SI76-014 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EH5MT UT WOS:000391817900014 ER PT J AU Zaremba, NJ Smith, CG Bernier, JC Forde, AS AF Zaremba, Nicholas J. Smith, Christopher G. Bernier, Julie C. Forde, Arnell S. TI Application of Ground Penetrating Radar for Identification of Washover Deposits and Other Stratigraphic Features: Assateague Island, MD SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID USA; MARYLAND; INLET AB A combination of ground penetrating radar (GPR) data, core data, and aerial photographs were analyzed to better understand the evolution of two portions of Assateague Island, Maryland. The focus of the study was to investigate the applicability of using GPR data to image washover deposits in the stratigraphic record. High amplitude reflections observed in two shore perpendicular GPR profiles were correlated to shallow (<1 m) lithologic contacts observed in sediment cores. At these contacts, deposits consisting primarily of quartz sand overlie sediments with organic matter that include degraded plant root or stem material. The underlying organic matter likely represents the vegetated portion of the barrier island that was buried by washover fans deposited during hurricanes Irene (2011) and Sandy (2012), as indicated in high-resolution aerial photographs. The GPR data were able to delineate the washover deposits from the underlying stratigraphic unit; however, the radar data did not resolve finer structures necessary to definitively differentiate washover facies from other sand-rich deposits (e.g., flood-tide deltas and dunes). Other GPR profiles contain reflections that likely correlate to geomorphic features like tidal channels and vegetated zones observed in historical aerial imagery. Burial of these features by overwash fluxes were observed in the aerial imagery and thus the resulting radar sequence is largely interpreted as washover deposits. Deeper, channel-like features that have been infilled were also observed in shore-parallel profiles and these features coincide with scour channels observed in the 1966 aerial photography. Additional sedimentological data are required to determine what role overwash played in the in-filling of these features. C1 [Zaremba, Nicholas J.; Smith, Christopher G.; Bernier, Julie C.; Forde, Arnell S.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Zaremba, NJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM nzaremba@usgs.gov OI Bernier, Julie/0000-0002-9918-5353 FU Department of the Interior FX Financing for this study was provided by the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2013, through Department of the Interior Hurricane Sandy supplemental funding. The, authors thank Cathryn Wheaton (Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions), Alisha Ellis (USGS), and Marci Marot (USGS) for field assistance and Bill Huslander and Neil Winn (U.S. National Park Service) for logistical support and facility use while in the field. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA, any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 21 IS 4 BP 173 EP 186 DI 10.2113/JEEG21.4.173 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA EI5TQ UT WOS:000392558100005 ER PT J AU Ikard, SJ Kress, W AF Ikard, Scott J. Kress, Wade TI Electric-Hydraulic Correlations in Layered Aquifers: A Case Study of the Surficial Aquifer of Emirate Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOREHOLE-LOG DATA; TRANSVERSE RESISTANCE; POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSMISSIVITY; CONDUCTIVITY; PARAMETERS; SOUNDINGS; SURFACE; BASIN; WATER AB Longitudinal conductance and transverse resistance are bulk electrical properties of a geoelectric formation and can be correlated with the bulk transmissivity of an aquifer within the formation. In aquifers that are electrically-resistive relative to adjacent layers in a horizontally layered Earth, bulk transverse resistance has been shown to correlate with aquifer transmisivity. Conversely, in aquifers that are electrically-conductive relative to adjacent layers, a correlation between bulk longitudinal conductance and aquifer transmissivity has been demonstrated. In both cases, previous investigations have relied on small datasets that have yielded coefficients of determination (R-2) that are typically in the range of 0.6 to 0.7 to substantiate these relations. This paper explores electric-hydraulic relations of the surficial aquifer of Emirate Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, by using a larger dataset compared to previous studies of these relations. Geophysical logs from 26 wells are used to correlate the bulk electrical properties of the aquifer, which are computed from deep electromagnetic (EM) induction resistivity logs, to the bulk transmissivity of the surficial aquifer, which is modeled from neutron porosity logs. The bulk longitudinal conductance was highly correlated (R-2 = 0.8387) with the bulk transmissivity of the surficial aquifer. The bulk Dar-Zarrouk resistivity is negatively correlated with the aquifer transmissivity; an R-2 value of -0.5604 is obtained. C1 [Ikard, Scott J.] US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Kress, Wade] US Geol Survey, Int Program Off, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Ikard, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM sikard@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 21 IS 4 BP 187 EP 200 DI 10.2113/JEEG21.4.187 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA EI5TQ UT WOS:000392558100006 ER PT J AU Howell, PE Hossack, BR Muths, E Sigafus, BH Chandler, RB AF Howell, Paige E. Hossack, Blake R. Muths, Erin Sigafus, Brent H. Chandler, Richard B. TI Survival Estimates for Reintroduced Populations of the Chiricahua Leopard Frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis) SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID ASSOCIATE RANA-ESCULENTA; AMPHIBIANS; CONSERVATION; HABITAT; EXTINCTIONS; ADAPTATIONS; VIABILITY; MOVEMENT; DECLINES; LESSONAE AB Global amphibian declines have been attributed to a number of factors including disease, invasive species, habitat degradation, and climate change. Reintroduction is one management action that is commonly used with the goal of recovering imperiled species. The success of reintroductions varies widely, and evaluating their efficacy requires estimates of population viability metrics, such as underlying vital rates and trends in abundance. Although rarely quantified, assessing vital rates for recovering populations provides a more mechanistic understanding of population growth than numerical trends in population occupancy or abundance. We used three years of capture-mark-recapture data from three breeding ponds and a Cormack-Jolly-Seber model to estimate annual apparent survival for reintroduced populations of the federally threatened Chiricahua Leopard Frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis) at the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge (BANWR), in the Altar Valley, Arizona, USA. To place our results in context, we also compiled published survival estimates for other ranids. Average apparent survival of Chiricahua Leopard Frogs at BANWR was 0.27 (95% CI [0.07, 0.74]) and average individual capture probability was 0.02 (95% CI [0, 0.05]). Our apparent survival estimate for Chiricahua Leopard Frogs is lower than for most other ranids and is not consistent with recent research that showed metapopulation viability in the Altar Valley is high. We suggest that low apparent survival may be indicative of high emigration rates. We recommend that future research should estimate emigration rates so that actual, rather than apparent, survival can be quantified to improve population viability assessments of threatened species following reintroduction efforts. C1 [Howell, Paige E.; Chandler, Richard B.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 East Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Muths, Erin] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Sigafus, Brent H.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Howell, PE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM paige.e.howell@gmail.com; blake_hossack@usgs.gov; muthse@usgs.gov; bsigafus@usgs.gov; rchandler@warnell.uga.edu NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC PY 2016 VL 104 IS 4 BP 824 EP 830 DI 10.1643/CE-16-406 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EH3NL UT WOS:000391678500004 ER PT J AU Robbins, LJ Lalonde, SV Planaysky, NJ Partin, CA Reinhard, CT Kendall, B Scott, C Hardisty, DS Gill, BC Alessi, DS Dupont, CL Saito, MA Crowe, SA Poulton, SW Bekker, A Lyons, TW Konhauser, KO AF Robbins, Leslie J. Lalonde, Stefan V. Planaysky, Noah J. Partin, Camille A. Reinhard, Christopher T. Kendall, Brian Scott, Clint Hardisty, Dalton S. Gill, Benjamin C. Alessi, Daniel S. Dupont, Christopher L. Saito, Mak A. Crowe, Sean A. Poulton, Simon W. Bekker, Andrey Lyons, Timothy W. Konhauser, Kurt O. TI Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Iron formations; Black shales; Eukaryotes; Prokaryotes; Evolution; Trace elements; Biolimitation; Precambrian ID BANDED IRON-FORMATION; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENT; GREAT OXIDATION EVENT; BILLION YEARS AGO; MOLYBDENUM ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; MASS-DEPENDENT FRACTIONATION; PROTEROZOIC OCEAN CHEMISTRY; AMMONIA-OXIDIZING ARCHAEON; ARCHEAN MOLECULAR FOSSILS; NATURAL ORGANIC-LIGANDS AB Life requires a wide variety of bioessential trace elements to act as structural components and reactive centers in metalloenzymes. These requirements differ between organisms and have evolved over geological time, likely guided in some part by environmental conditions. Until recently, most of what was understood regarding trace element concentrations in the Precambrian oceans was inferred by extrapolation, geochemical modeling, and/or genomic studies. However, in the past decade, the increasing availability of trace element and isotopic data for sedimentary rocks of all ages has yielded new, and potentially more direct, insights into secular changes in seawater composition - and ultimately the evolution of the marine biosphere. Compiled records of many bioessential trace elements (including Ni, Mo, P, Zn, Co, Cr, Se, and I) provide new insight into how trace element abundance in Earth's ancient oceans may have been linked to biological evolution. Several of these trace elements display redox-sensitive behavior, while others are redox-sensitive but not bioessential (e.g., Cr, U). Their temporal trends in sedimentary archives provide useful constraints on changes in atmosphere-ocean redox conditions that are linked to biological evolution, for example, the activity of oxygen-producing, photosynthetic cyanobacteria. In this review, we summarize available Precambrian trace element proxy data, and discuss how temporal trends in the seawater concentrations of specific trace elements may be linked to the evolution of both simple and complex life. We also examine several biologically relevant and/or redox-sensitive trace elements that have yet to be fully examined in the sedimentary rock record (e.g., Cu, Cd, W) and suggest several directions for future studies. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Robbins, Leslie J.; Alessi, Daniel S.; Konhauser, Kurt O.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 1-26 Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Lalonde, Stefan V.] European Inst Marine Studies, CNRS Lab Domaines Ocean UMR6538, Technopole Brest Iroise, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Planaysky, Noah J.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, POB 6666, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Partin, Camille A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Reinhard, Christopher T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kendall, Brian] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON, Canada. [Scott, Clint] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hardisty, Dalton S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02542 USA. [Gill, Benjamin C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dupont, Christopher L.] J Craig Venter Inst, Microbial & Environm Genom Grp, La Jolla, CA 92121 USA. [Saito, Mak A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Crowe, Sean A.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. [Crowe, Sean A.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. [Poulton, Simon W.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Bekker, Andrey; Lyons, Timothy W.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Bekker, Andrey] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Geol, POB 524, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. RP Robbins, LJ (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 1-26 Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM lrobbins@ualberta.ca RI Gill, Benjamin/B-8047-2012; OI Gill, Benjamin/0000-0001-7402-0811; Robbins, Leslie/0000-0002-6931-5743; Alessi, Daniel/0000-0002-8360-8251 FU Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the NASA Astrobiology Institute [NNA15BB03A]; Alternative Earths Team of the NASA Astrobiology Institute; Region of Brittany; LabexMER FX LJR gratefully acknowledges the support of a Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship. Discovery Grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) to CAP, BK, DSA, SAC, and KOK supported this work. This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the NASA Astrobiology Institute under Cooperative Agreement No. NNA15BB03A issued through the Science Mission Directorate. TWL, CTR, and NJP received support via the Alternative Earths Team of the NASA Astrobiology Institute. The NSF FESD (TWL) and ELT programs provided additional support (TWL, CTR, and NJP). SVL gratefully acknowledges support from the Region of Brittany and LabexMER. AB thanks the Society of Independent Thinkers. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the manuscript, and Dr. Karsten Pedersen for his editorial efforts. NR 334 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 28 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 163 BP 323 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.10.013 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH4XG UT WOS:000391776600012 ER PT J AU Groff, LA Calhoun, AJK Loftin, CS AF Groff, Luke A. Calhoun, Aram J. K. Loftin, Cynthia S. TI Hibernal Habitat Selection by Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) in a Northern New England Montane Landscape SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ICE-OUT DATES; RANA-SYLVATICA; FREEZE TOLERANCE; ALOPEX-LAGOPUS; METABOLIC-RATE; SURVIVAL; WINTER; TEMPERATURES; ADAPTATIONS; INDICATORS AB Poikilothermic species, such as amphibians, endure harsh winter conditions via freeze-tolerance or freeze-avoidance strategies. Freeze-tolerance requires a suite of complex, physiological mechanisms (e.g., cryoprotectant synthesis); however, behavioral strategies (e.g., hibernal habitat selection) may be used to regulate hibernaculum temperatures and promote overwintering survival. We investigated the hibernal ecology of the freeze-tolerant Wood Frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) in north-central Maine. Our objectives were to characterize the species hibernaculum microclimate (temperature, relative humidity), evaluate hibernal habitat selection, and describe the spatial arrangement of breeding, post-breeding, and hibernal habitats. We monitored 15 frogs during two winters (2011/12: N = 10; 2012/13: N = 5), measured hibernal habitat features at micro (2 m) and macro (10 m) spatial scales, and recorded microclimate hourly in three strata (hibernaculum, leaf litter, ambient air). We compared these data to that of 57 random locations with logistic regression models, Akaike Information Criterion, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Hibernaculum microclimate was significantly different and less variable than leaf litter, ambient air, and random location microclimate. Model averaging indicated that canopy cover (-), leaf litter depth (+), and number of logs and stumps (+; microhabitat only) were important predictors of Wood Frog hibernal habitat. These habitat features likely act to insulate hibernating frogs from extreme and variable air temperatures. For example, decreased canopy cover facilitates increased snowpack depth and earlier snowpack accumulation and melt. Altered winter temperature and precipitation patterns attributable to climate change may reduce snowpack insulation, facilitate greater temperature variation in the underlying hibernacula, and potentially compromise Wood Frog winter survival. C1 [Groff, Luke A.; Calhoun, Aram J. K.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME USA. [Loftin, Cynthia S.] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME USA. RP Groff, LA (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME USA. EM lukegroff@gmail.com FU Maine's Sustainability Solutions Initiative - National Science Foundation [EPS-0904155]; U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology at the University of Maine FX Permits were obtained from the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (2011-2013), and all procedures were part of a study plan approved by the University of Maine's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (A2012-03-06). Funding was provided by Maine's Sustainability Solutions Initiative, supported by National Science Foundation award EPS-0904155 to the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research at the University of Maine; the U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; and the Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology at the University of Maine. We thank J. Armstrong and C. Kennedy for assisting with fieldwork and K. Barrett for providing comments that improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This is Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station publication 3482. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 50 IS 4 BP 559 EP 569 DI 10.1670/15-131R1 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EH5ND UT WOS:000391818900010 ER PT J AU Munoz, DJ Miller, DAW Sutherland, C Grant, EHC AF Munoz, David J. Miller, David A. W. Sutherland, Chris Grant, Evan H. Campbell TI Using Spatial Capture-Recapture to Elucidate Population Processes and Space-Use in Herpetological Studies SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONITORING TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; RED-BACKED SALAMANDERS; PLETHODON-CINEREUS; DENSITY-ESTIMATION; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; HABITAT PREFERENCES; COVER OBJECTS; DETECTOR DOGS; HOME-RANGE; MOVEMENT AB The cryptic behavior and ecology of herpetofauna make estimating the impacts of environmental change on demography difficult; yet, the ability to measure demographic relationships is essential for elucidating mechanisms leading to the population declines reported for herpetofauna worldwide. Recently developed spatial capture-recapture (SCR) methods are well suited to standard herpetofauna monitoring approaches. Individually identifying animals and their locations allows accurate estimates of population densities and survival. Spatial capture-recapture methods also allow estimation of parameters describing space-use and movement, which generally are expensive or difficult to obtain using other methods. In this paper, we discuss the basic components of SCR models, the available software for conducting analyses, and the experimental designs based on common herpetological survey methods. We then apply SCR models to Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus), to determine differences in density, survival, dispersal, and space-use between adult male and female salamanders. By highlighting the capabilities of SCR, and its advantages compared to traditional methods, we hope to give herpetologists the resource they need to apply SCR in their own systems. C1 [Munoz, David J.; Miller, David A. W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sutherland, Chris] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Grant, Evan H. Campbell] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Turners Falls, MA USA. RP Munoz, DJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM djm516@psu.edu RI Miller, David/E-4492-2012 NR 97 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 50 IS 4 BP 570 EP 581 DI 10.1670/15-166 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EH5ND UT WOS:000391818900011 ER PT J AU Sethi, SA Linden, D Wenburg, J Lewis, C Lemons, P Fuller, A Hare, MP AF Sethi, Suresh A. Linden, Daniel Wenburg, John Lewis, Cara Lemons, Patrick Fuller, Angela Hare, Matthew P. TI Accurate recapture identification for genetic mark-recapture studies with error-tolerant likelihood-based match calling and sample clustering SO ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sample matching; genotyping error; inference; non-invasive; capture-recapture ID GENOTYPING ERRORS; INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION; DNA; ABUNDANCE; GENOMICS; QUALITY; PCR AB Error-tolerant likelihood-based match calling presents a promising technique to accurately identify recapture events in genetic mark-recapture studies by combining probabilities of latent genotypes and probabilities of observed genotypes, which may contain genotyping errors. Combined with clustering algorithms to group samples into sets of recaptures based upon pairwise match calls, these tools can be used to reconstruct accurate capture histories for markrecapture modelling. Here, we assess the performance of a recently introduced error-tolerant likelihood-based match-calling model and sample clustering algorithm for genetic mark-recapture studies. We assessed both biallelic (i.e. single nucleotide polymorphisms; SNP) and multiallelic (i.e. microsatellite; MSAT) markers using a combination of simulation analyses and case study data on Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) and fishers (Pekania pennanti). A novel two-stage clustering approach is demonstrated for genetic mark-recapture applications. First, repeat captures within a sampling occasion are identified. Subsequently, recaptures across sampling occasions are identified. The likelihood-based matching protocol performed well in simulation trials, demonstrating utility for use in a wide range of genetic mark-recapture studies. Moderately sized SNP (64+) and MSAT (10-15) panels produced accurate match calls for recaptures and accurate non-match calls for samples from closely related individuals in the face of low to moderate genotyping error. Furthermore, matching performance remained stable or increased as the number of genetic markers increased, genotyping error notwithstanding. C1 [Sethi, Suresh A.; Fuller, Angela] Cornell Univ, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Linden, Daniel] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wenburg, John; Lewis, Cara] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Lemons, Patrick] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Hare, Matthew P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Sethi, SA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM suresh.sethi@cornell.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; US Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units Program; North Pacific Research Board FX Funding for this project was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, US Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units Program and the North Pacific Research Board. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 2054-5703 J9 ROY SOC OPEN SCI JI R. Soc. Open Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 3 IS 12 AR 160457 DI 10.1098/rsos.160457 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EH4HH UT WOS:000391731800007 PM 28083094 ER PT J AU Regehr, EV Laidre, KL Akcakaya, HR Amstrup, SC Atwood, TC Lunn, NJ Obbard, M Stern, H Thiemann, GW Wiig, O AF Regehr, Eric V. Laidre, Kristin L. Akcakaya, H. Resit Amstrup, Steven C. Atwood, Todd C. Lunn, Nicholas J. Obbard, Martyn Stern, Harry Thiemann, Gregory W. Wiig, Oystein TI Conservation status of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in relation to projected sea-ice declines SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Arctic; climate change; polar bear; population projections; red list; sea ice ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; HABITAT LOSS; POPULATION; PREDATOR AB Loss of Arctic sea ice owing to climate change is the primary threat to polar bears throughout their range. We evaluated the potential response of polar bears to sea-ice declines by (i) calculating generation length (GL) for the species, which determines the timeframe for conservation assessments; (ii) developing a standardized sea-ice metric representing important habitat; and (iii) using statistical models and computer simulation to project changes in the global population under three approaches relating polar bear abundance to sea ice. Mean GL was 11.5 years. Ice-covered days declined in all subpopulation areas during 1979-2014 (median -1.26 days year(-1)). The estimated probabilities that reductions in the mean global population size of polar bears will be greater than 30%, 50% and 80% over three generations (35-41 years) were 0.71 (range 0.20-0.95), 0.07 (range 0-0.35) and less than 0.01 (range 0-0.02), respectively. According to IUCN Red List reduction thresholds, which provide a common measure of extinction risk across taxa, these results are consistent with listing the species as vulnerable. Our findings support the potential for large declines in polar bear numbers owing to sea-ice loss, and highlight near-term uncertainty in statistical projections aswell as the sensitivity of projections to different plausible assumptions. C1 [Regehr, Eric V.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Laidre, Kristin L.; Stern, Harry] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Akcakaya, H. Resit] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Amstrup, Steven C.] Polar Bears Int, Bozeman, MT 59772 USA. [Atwood, Todd C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Lunn, Nicholas J.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Obbard, Martyn] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Thiemann, Gregory W.] York Univ, Fac Environm Studies, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Wiig, Oystein] Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. RP Regehr, EV (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM eric_regehr@fws.gov RI Wiig, Oystein/J-8383-2012 OI Wiig, Oystein/0000-0003-0395-5251 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX13AN28G, NNX11A063G] FX Authors' institutions provided in-kind support. K.L.L. and H.S. were supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant np/ NNX13AN28G and NNX11A063G. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 67 U2 67 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 12 IS 12 AR 20160556 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0556 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EG5SV UT WOS:000391105500002 ER PT J AU Adams, JV Slaght, KS Boogaard, MA AF Adams, Jean V. Slaght, Karen S. Boogaard, Michael A. TI AN AUTOMATED APPROACH TO LITCHFIELD AND WILCOXON'S EVALUATION OF DOSE-EFFECT EXPERIMENTS USING THE R PACKAGE LW1949 SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Dose-response modeling; Predictive toxicology; Computational toxicology; Software package AB The authors developed a package, LW1949, for use with the statistical software R to automatically carry out the manual steps of Litchfield and Wilcoxon's method of evaluating dose-effect experiments. The LW1949 package consistently finds the best fitting dose-effect relation by minimizing the chi-squared statistic of the observed and expected number of affected individuals and substantially speeds up the line-fitting process and other calculations that Litchfield and Wilcoxon originally carried out by hand. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Adams, Jean V.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Slaght, Karen S.] US Geol Survey, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI USA. [Boogaard, Michael A.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Adams, JV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM jvadams@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 35 IS 12 BP 3058 EP 3061 DI 10.1002/etc.3490 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EG4RM UT WOS:000391031400018 PM 27175944 ER PT J AU Custer, CM Custer, TW Dummer, PM Goldberg, D Franson, JC AF Custer, Christine M. Custer, Thomas W. Dummer, Paul M. Goldberg, Diana Franson, J. Christian TI CONCENTRATIONS AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN TREE SWALLOW (TACHYCINETA BICOLOR) EGGS AT UNITED STATES AND BINATIONAL GREAT LAKES AREAS OF CONCERN, 2010-2015 SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Tree swallows; Tachycineta bicolor; Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); Dioxins and furans ID HERRING GULL EGGS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; FLAME RETARDANTS; SUPERFUND SITE; HUDSON RIVER; GREEN BAY; NEW-YORK AB Tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor, were sampled across the Great Lakes basin in 2010 through 2015 to provide a system-wide assessment of current exposure to organic contaminants. The results provide information identified as critical by regulators to assess the "bird or animal deformity or reproductive problems" beneficial use impairment. Eggs were collected from 69 sites across all 5 Great Lakes, including 27 Areas of Concern (AOCs), some with multiple sites, and 10 sites not listed as an AOC. Concentrations of organic contaminants in eggs were quantified and compared with background and reproductive effect thresholds. Approximately 30% of AOCs had geometric mean concentrations of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at or below average background exposure (0.34 mu g/g wet wt). Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was minimal, and only 3 of 27 AOCs and 1 non-AOC had geometric mean concentrations that exceeded background for tree swallows (96 ng/g wet wt). Concentrations of both PCBs and PBDEs were 10 to 20 times below the lower limit associated with impaired hatching success. In contrast, geometric mean concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and furan (PCDD-F) toxic equivalents (TEQs) at the Saginaw River and Bay AOC and Midland, Michigan, USA (a non-AOC site), exceeded the lower limit for hatching effects (181 pg/g PCDD-F TEQs). The rest of the sites had geometric mean concentrations of PCDD-F TEQs below background levels (87 pg/g PCDD-F TEQs). Other organic contaminants, including p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, mirex, heptachlor, and chlordane, were at or below background or adverse effect concentrations. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Custer, Christine M.; Custer, Thomas W.; Dummer, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Goldberg, Diana; Franson, J. Christian] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Custer, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. EM ccuster@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; US Environmental Protection Agency; MI Dept. Environmental Quality; US Geological Survey FX This work was funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, the US Environmental Protection Agency, MI Dept. Environmental Quality, and the US Geological Survey. We thank C. Balk, G. Berner, C. Bole, P. Boone, R. Booth Jr., A. Bosak, A. Haertel, A. Heimann, Y. Hernandez, M. Iverson, M. Larkin, A. Lorenz, S. O'Mara, R. Mayer, P. McKann, K. McMullen, M. Meier, K. Artner Mott, K. Prestby, D. Ripp, P. Ripple, C. Schneider, L. Solem, D. Tagerson, J. Teslaa, J. Tschaikovsky, M. Weber, and T. Zimmerman for field assistance; R. Erickson for help with R programming; K. Murray for contracting assistance; state personnel from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and New York for help obtaining collecting permits; and J. Waide, M. Gaikowski, and 3 anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The present work could not have been done without the access granted by the following landowners: the cities of Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin; Chicago, Illinois; Douglas, Michigan; Duluth, Minnesota; Green Bay, Wisconsin; Manistique, Michigan; Marysville, Michigan; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Monroe, Michigan; Muskegon, Michigan; North Tonawanda, New York; Portage, Indiana; Rochester, New York; Sault St. Marie, Michigan; Sheboygan, Wisconsin; Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin; Superior, Wisconsin; Toledo, Ohio; Whitehall, Michigan; and Wyandotte, Michigan. We also thank Algonac State Park; Allete Energy; K. Aukerman; C. Balk; Bay City Waste Water Treatment Plant; Bay Mills Indian Community; BNSF Railroad; R. Booth Jr.; Buffalo Urban Development Corp.; Cedarburg Waste Water Treatment Plant; Chippewa Nature Center; Cleveland MetroParks; Commercial Heat Treating Co.; Detroit Water and Sewerage; DTE Energy; Eagles Club Restaurant; Erie Co., New York; Erie, Pennsylvania, Waterworks; Fruitland Township; Fibrek, Inc.; Hallett Dock Co.; Hank Aaron State Trail, Honeywell Corp.; Horseshoe Casino; State of Indiana (Roxana Marsh); Ironhead Marine, Inc.; KK Integrated Logistics; Kohler Company; LaFarge Co.; Lake Erie MetroPark, Michigan; Lakeshore State Park, Wisconsin; C. Larscheid, Lorain Port Authority; Macomb Co.; Manistique Paper Corp.; Martineau and Morris Contracting; Mayline Co.; Milwaukee County Department of Parks, Recreation, and Culture; Michigan Department of Natural Resources (Deer Lake and Algonac State Park); Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (Green Mountain); National Gypsum, National Park Service (Apostle Islands National Lakeshore); H. Nelson; New Page Paper; New York State Parks (Niagara Falls); Port of Monroe; Presque Isle State Park; River Wildlife; C. Schneider; R. Seichter, Sheboygan Monument; L. Solem; Stimm Associates; True North Architecture and Construction Co.; US Fish and Wildlife Service (Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge); US Forest Service (Huron Manistee National Forest); Van Riper State Park; and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (Star Lake). NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 35 IS 12 BP 3071 EP 3092 DI 10.1002/etc.3496 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EG4RM UT WOS:000391031400020 PM 27187748 ER PT J AU Giri, C Long, J AF Giri, Chandra Long, Jordan TI Is the Geographic Range of Mangrove Forests in the Conterminous United States Really Expanding? SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE geographic range expansion; mangrove forests; Landsat; climate change; mangrove change ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SEA-LEVEL RISE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-COVER; NORTHERN GULF; SALT-MARSHES; FLORIDA; EXPANSION; MIGRATION; REGION AB Changes in the distribution and abundance of mangrove species within and outside of their historic geographic range can have profound consequences in the provision of ecosystem goods and services they provide. Mangroves in the conterminous United States (CONUS) are believed to be expanding poleward (north) due to decreases in the frequency and severity of extreme cold events, while sea level rise is a factor often implicated in the landward expansion of mangroves locally. We used similar to 35 years of satellite imagery and in situ observations for CONUS and report that: (i) poleward expansion of mangrove forest is inconclusive, and may have stalled for now, and (ii) landward expansion is actively occurring within the historical northernmost limit. We revealed that the northernmost latitudinal limit of mangrove forests along the east and west coasts of Florida, in addition to Louisiana and Texas has not systematically expanded toward the pole. Mangrove area, however, expanded by 4.3% from 1980 to 2015 within the historic northernmost boundary, with the highest percentage of change in Texas and southern Florida. Several confounding factors such as sea level rise, absence or presence of sub-freezing temperatures, land use change, impoundment/dredging, changing hydrology, fire, storm, sedimentation and erosion, and mangrove planting are responsible for the change. Besides, sea level rise, relatively milder winters and the absence of sub-freezing temperatures in recent decades may be enabling the expansion locally. The results highlight the complex set of forcings acting on the northerly extent of mangroves and emphasize the need for long-term monitoring as this system increases in importance as a means to adapt to rising oceans and mitigate the effects of increased atmospheric CO2. C1 [Giri, Chandra] US EPA, Sensing & Spatial Anal Branch, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27709 USA. [Long, Jordan] US Geol Survey, ARSC Res & Technol Solut, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Giri, C (reprint author), US EPA, Sensing & Spatial Anal Branch, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27709 USA. EM giri.chandra@epa.gov; jordan.long.ctr@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD DEC PY 2016 VL 16 IS 12 AR 2010 DI 10.3390/s16122010 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA EG8JM UT WOS:000391303000030 ER PT J AU Tarter, DC Floyd, MA AF Tarter, Donald C. Floyd, Michael A. TI A REVISED CHECKLIST OF THE CADDISFLIES (INSECTA: TRICHOPTERA) OF WEST VIRGINIA SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE Trichoptera; caddisfly; West Virginia; state records; range extension ID HYDROPSYCHE; RECORDS; RHYACOPHILIDAE; LIMNEPHILIDAE; MOUNTAINS; LARVAL; DNA AB Based on recent collection efforts, examination of new material, and review of published records, the caddisfly fauna of West Virginia is updated to include 235 species. A revised, annotated checklist is presented, with distributional information for 26 new records from West Virginia. Significant range extensions are noted for Arctopsyche irrorata Banks and Hydropsyche carolina Banks. C1 [Tarter, Donald C.] Marshall Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. [Floyd, Michael A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kentucky Ecol Serv Field Off, 330 West Broadway,Suite 265, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Floyd, MA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kentucky Ecol Serv Field Off, 330 West Broadway,Suite 265, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. EM tarter@marshall.edu; mike_floyd@fws.gov FU Kentucky Aquatic Resource Fund FX We are indebted to the following individuals who loaned specimens or helped with identifications: J.E. Bailey (West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection). D.A. Etnier (The University of Tennessee), O.S. Flint, Jr. (National Museum of National History), and L.T. Miller (West Virginia Department of Agriculture). Special thanks to Teresa Hyatt and Monica Shafer for their assistance in preparing the manuscript. Financial support for publication costs was provided by the Kentucky Aquatic Resource Fund, a partnership between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Kentucky Waterways Alliance. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X EI 2162-3236 J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD DEC PY 2016 VL 126 IS 3 BP 175 EP 190 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EG6SB UT WOS:000391175200002 ER PT J AU Sullivan, NB McLaughlin, PI Brett, CE Cramer, BD Kleffner, MA Thomka, JR Emsbo, P AF Sullivan, Nicholas B. McLaughlin, Patrick I. Brett, Carlton E. Cramer, Bradley D. Kleffner, Mark A. Thomka, James R. Emsbo, Poul TI Sequence boundaries and chronostratigraphic gaps in the Llandovery of Ohio and Kentucky: The record of early Silurian paleoceanographic events in east-central North America SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-ISOTOPE EXCURSION; CINCINNATI ARCH REGION; ORDOVICIAN MASS EXTINCTION; CONODONT BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; SOUTHERN OHIO; DELTA-C-13 STRATIGRAPHY; DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY; APPALACHIAN FORELAND; BASIN; INTERIOR AB New and published data are integrated herein to resolve the age and stratigraphic relationships for problematic strata of the Aeronian and Telychian (Llandovery; Silurian) in Ohio and Kentucky (USA). At least two major depositional sequences were traced along the eastern flank of the Cincinnati Arch; these are separated by a regionally angular unconformity with complex topography. Underlying units are progressively truncated to the northwest while overlying strata change facies, condense, and onlap in the same direction. The basal unit of the upper sequence is the Waco Member of the Alger Shale Formation in Kentucky and southern Ohio and the Dayton Formation in western Ohio. A persistent, positive carbonate carbon isotope (delta C-13(carb)) excursion associated with the mid-Telychian Valgu Event is recognized in the upper subunit of the Waco Member; the absence of a comparable signal in the Dayton Formation corroborates interpretations that it is significantly younger. The correlations proposed here can be used to understand the nuanced depositional history and chronostratigraphic completeness of the lower -Silurian in eastern North America. This framework can be used to characterize sea-level history and local conditions that prevailed during global paleoenvironmental events. C1 [Sullivan, Nicholas B.] Chemostrat Inc, 3760 Westchase Dr, Houston, TX 77042 USA. [McLaughlin, Patrick I.] Indiana Geol Survey, 611 N Walnut Grove St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Brett, Carlton E.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, 7148 Edwards One, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Cramer, Bradley D.] Univ Iowa, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 115 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kleffner, Mark A.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Div Earth Hist, 4240 Campus Dr, Lima, OH 45804 USA. [Thomka, James R.] Univ Akron, Dept Geosci, Crouse Hall 114, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Emsbo, Poul] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, West 6th Ave & Kipling St, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Sullivan, NB (reprint author), Chemostrat Inc, 3760 Westchase Dr, Houston, TX 77042 USA. EM nicksullivan@chemostrat.com FU U.S. Geological Survey STATEMAP project; Geological Society of America; SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology); Department of Geology at the University of Cincinnati (Caster Fund); Department of Geology at the University of Cincinnati (Sed Fund) FX Detailed criticism from Alyssa Bancroft and Wojciech Kozlowski greatly strengthened the final report. We thank Arnold I. Miller and David L. Meyer, who provided helpful feedback on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Financial support for this study was provided in part by a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey STATEMAP project, a Graduate Student Research Grant from the Geological Society of America, a Graduate Student Assistance Grant from the SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), and the Department of Geology at the University of Cincinnati (Caster Fund and Sed Fund). We also thank the Ohio Geological Survey for providing drill core for analysis and sampling. The research presented here is a component of the master's thesis of Sullivan, completed at the University of Cincinnati. This paper is a contribution to the International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) 591, The Early to Middle Paleozoic Revolution. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD DEC PY 2016 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1813 EP 1832 DI 10.1130/GES01343.1 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG4CR UT WOS:000390991500007 ER PT J AU Stewart, JP Kramer, SL Kwak, DY Greenfield, MW Kayen, RE Tokimatsu, K Bray, JD Beyzaei, CZ Cubrinovski, M Sekiguchi, T Nakai, S Bozorgnia, Y AF Stewart, J. P. Kramer, S. L. Kwak, D. Y. Greenfield, M. W. Kayen, R. E. Tokimatsu, K. Bray, J. D. Beyzaei, C. Z. Cubrinovski, M. Sekiguchi, T. Nakai, S. Bozorgnia, Y. TI PEER-NGL project: Open source global database and model development for the next-generation of liquefaction assessment procedures SO SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering (ICEGE) CY NOV, 2015 CL Christ Church, NEW ZEALAND DE NGL, liquefaction database; Case history; Liquefaction model ID DETERMINISTIC ASSESSMENT; CASE-HISTORIES; AGED SANDS; RESISTANCE; MOTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EARTHQUAKE; INTENSITY; SOILS AB The Next-Generation Liquefaction (NGL) project was launched to (1) substantially improve the quality, transparency, and accessibility of case history data related to ground failure; (2) provide a coordinated framework for supporting studies to augment case history data for conditions important for applications but poorly represented in empirical databases; and (3) provide an open, collaborative process for model development in which developer teams have access to common resources and share ideas and results during model development. Work to date has focused on compiling high-value case histories, developing a database template, and planning for needed supporting studies. We describe the project motivation, explain and illustrate how data resources will be compiled and organized, summarize preliminary results from ongoing data collection, describe needed supporting studies, and review project status and next steps. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stewart, J. P.; Kwak, D. Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Civil & Environm Engn, 5731 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kramer, S. L.; Greenfield, M. W.] Univ Washington, Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA USA. [Kayen, R. E.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Tokimatsu, K.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Architecture & Bldg Engn, Tokyo, Japan. [Bray, J. D.; Beyzaei, C. Z.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cubrinovski, M.] Univ Canterbury, Civil & Nat Resources Engn, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Sekiguchi, T.; Nakai, S.] Chiba Univ, Urban Environm Syst, Chiba, Japan. [Bozorgnia, Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, PEER, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Stewart, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Civil & Environm Engn, 5731 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jstewart@seas.ucla.edu NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-7261 EI 1879-341X J9 SOIL DYN EARTHQ ENG JI Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 91 SI SI BP 317 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.07.009 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA EG3UJ UT WOS:000390969900026 ER PT J AU Yurek, S DeAngelis, DL Trexler, JC Klassen, JA Larsen, LG AF Yurek, Simeon DeAngelis, Donald L. Trexler, Joel C. Klassen, Jessica A. Larsen, Laurel G. TI Persistence and diversity of directional landscape connectivity improves biomass pulsing in simulations of expanding and contracting wetlands SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Article DE Flood-pulse; Seasonal hydrology; Dynamic landscape connectivity; Fish movement behavior; Landscape anisotropy; Prediction ID EVERGLADES RIDGE; RESOURCE PULSES; FISH; RIVER; FLOODPLAIN; MODEL; CONSERVATION; VEGETATION; SLOUGH; DISPERSAL AB In flood-pulsed ecosystems, hydrology and landscape structure mediate transfers of energy up the food chain by expanding and contracting in area, enabling spatial expansion and growth of fish populations during rising water levels, and subsequent concentration during the drying phase. Connectivity of flooded areas is dynamic as waters rise and fall, and is largely determined by landscape geomorphology and anisotropy. We developed a methodology for simulating fish dispersal and concentration on spatially-explicit, dynamic floodplain wetlands with pulsed food web dynamics, to evaluate how changes in connectivity through time contribute to the concentration of fish biomass that is essential for higher trophic levels. The model also tracks a connectivity index (DCI) over different compass directions to see if fish biomass dynamics can be related in a simple way to topographic pattern. We demonstrate the model for a seasonally flood-pulsed, oligotrophic system, the Everglades, where flow regimes have been greatly altered. Three dispersing populations of functional fish groups were simulated with empirically-based dispersal rules on two landscapes, and two twelve-year time series of managed water levels for those areas were applied. The topographies of the simulations represented intact and degraded ridge-and slough landscapes (RSL). Simulation results showed large pulses of biomass concentration forming during the onset of the drying phase, when water levels were falling and fish began to converge into the sloughs. As water levels fell below the ridges, DCI declined over different directions, closing down dispersal lanes, and fish density spiked. Persistence of intermediate levels of connectivity on the intact RSL enabled persistent concentration events throughout the drying phase. The intact landscape also buffered effects of wet season population growth. Water level reversals on both landscapes negatively affected fish densities by depleting fish populations without allowing enough time for them to regenerate. Testable, spatiotemporal predictions of the timing, location, duration, and magnitude of fish concentration pulses were produced by the model, and can be applied to restoration planning. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yurek, Simeon] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Miami, FL USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Trexler, Joel C.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, North Miami, FL USA. [Klassen, Jessica A.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Larsen, Laurel G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yurek, S (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cox Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, 1301 Mem Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM syurek@bio.miami.edu FU James W. McLamore Fellowship in Tropical Biology of the University of Miami; USGS's Greater Everglades Priority Everglades Science program; NSF LTER [DEB-1237517] FX We appreciate the useful reviews of two anonymous reviewers, and Michael Osland of USGS, as well as helpful discussions with Dale Gawlik and Bill Fagan. SY was supported in part by the James W. McLamore Fellowship in Tropical Biology of the University of Miami. DLD was supported by the USGS's Greater Everglades Priority Everglades Science program. JT was supported by NSF LTER Grant No. DEB-1237517. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X EI 1476-9840 J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 28 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2016.08.004 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EG0LM UT WOS:000390724300001 ER PT J AU Zhu, Z Gallant, AL Woodcock, CE Pengra, B Olofsson, P Loveland, TR Jin, S Dahal, D Yang, L Auch, RF AF Zhu, Zhe Gallant, Alisa L. Woodcock, Curtis E. Pengra, Bruce Olofsson, Pontus Loveland, Thomas R. Jin, Suming Dahal, Devendra Yang, Limin Auch, Roger F. TI Optimizing selection of training and auxiliary data for operational land cover classification for the LCMAP initiative SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Continuous Change Detection and Classification (CCDC); Training strategy; Auxiliary data; Land cover classification; Landsat ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; RANDOM FOREST CLASSIFICATION; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; ANCILLARY DATA; IMAGE CLASSIFICATION; CLOUD SHADOW; HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; SAMPLE SELECTION; SNOW DETECTION; AVHRR DATA AB The U.S. Geological Survey's Land Change Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection (LCMAP) initiative is a new end-to-end capability to continuously track and characterize changes in land cover, use, and condition to better support research and applications relevant to resource management and environmental change. Among the LCMAP product suite are annual land cover maps that will be available to the public. This paper describes an approach to optimize the selection of training and auxiliary data for deriving the thematic land cover maps based on all available clear observations from Landsats 4-8. Training data were selected from map products of the U.S. Geological Survey's Land Cover Trends project. The Random Forest classifier was applied for different classification scenarios based on the Continuous Change Detection and Classification (CCDC) algorithm. We found that extracting training data proportionally to the occurrence of land cover classes was superior to an equal distribution of training data per class, and suggest using a total of 20,000 training pixels to classify an area about the size of a Landsat scene. The problem of unbalanced training data was alleviated by extracting a minimum of 600 training pixels and a maximum of 8000 training pixels per class. We additionally explored removing outliers contained within the training data based on their spectral and spatial criteria, but observed no significant improvement in classification results. We also tested the importance of different types of auxiliary data that were available for the conterminous United States, including: (a) five variables used by the National Land Cover Database, (b) three variables from the cloud screening "Function of mask" (Fmask) statistics, and (c) two variables from the change detection results of CCDC. We found that auxiliary variables such as a Digital Elevation Model and its derivatives (aspect, position index, and slope), potential wetland index, water probability, snow probability, and cloud probability improved the accuracy of land cover classification. Compared to the original strategy of the CCDC algorithm (500 pixels per class), the use of the optimal strategy improved the classification accuracies substantially (15-percentage point increase in overall accuracy and 4-percentage point increase in minimum accuracy). (C) 2016 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Zhe] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, MS 1053,Sci Bldg 125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Gallant, Alisa L.; Loveland, Thomas R.; Auch, Roger F.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Woodcock, Curtis E.; Olofsson, Pontus] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, 685 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Pengra, Bruce; Dahal, Devendra; Yang, Limin] US Geol Survey, SGT, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Zhu, Zhe; Jin, Suming] US Geol Survey, ASRC InuTeq, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Zhu, Z (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, MS 1053,Sci Bldg 125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM zhe.zhu@ttu.edu OI Auch, Roger/0000-0002-5382-5044 FU USGS [G13PC00028, G15PC00012] FX This work was supported by the USGS LandCarbon, Land Remote Sensing, and Land Change Science programs, partially under USGS contracts G13PC00028 (Z. Zhu and S. Jin), G15PC00012 (B. Pengra and D. Dahal), and G15PC00012 (L. Yang). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 EI 1872-8235 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 122 BP 206 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.11.004 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EG0JT UT WOS:000390719600015 ER PT J AU Chang, CC Burr, GS Jull, AJT Russell, JL Bidduiph, D White, L Prouty, NG Chen, YG Shen, CC Zhou, WJ Lam, DD AF Chang, Ching-Chih Burr, George S. Jull, A. J. Timothy Russell, Joellen L. Bidduiph, Dana White, Lara Prouty, Nancy G. Chen, Yue-Gau Shen, Chuan-Chou Zhou, Weijian Lam, Doan Dinh TI Reconstructing surface ocean circulation with I-129 time series records from corals SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE I-129; Coral; Radioactive tracers; Ocean mixing; Surface ocean circulation ID SEAWATER SAMPLES; IODINE; SEA; I-129/I-127; TRACER AB The long-lived radionuclide I-129 (half-life: 15.7 x 10(6) yr) is well-known as a useful environmental tracer. At present, the global I-129 in surface water is about 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than pre-1960 levels. Since the 1990s, anthropogenic I-129 produced from industrial nuclear fuels reprocessing plants has been the primary source of I-129 in marine surface waters of the Atlantic and around the globe. Here we present four coral I-129 time series records from: 1) Con Dao and 2) Xisha Islands, the South China Sea, 3) Rabaul, Papua New Guinea and 4) Guam. The Con Dao coral I-129 record features a sudden increase in I-129 in 1959. The Xisha coral shows similar peak values for I-129 as the Con Dao coral, punctuated by distinct low values, likely due to the upwelling in the central South China Sea. The Rabaul coral features much more gradual I-129 increases in the 1970s, similar to a published record from the Solomon Islands. The Guam coral I-129 record contains the largest measured values for any site, with two large peaks, in 1955 and 1959. Nuclear weapons testing was the primary I-129 source in the Western Pacific in the latter part of the 20th Century, notably from testing in the Marshall Islands. The Guam 1955 peak and Con Dao 1959 increases are likely from the 1954 Castle Bravo test, and the Operation Hardtack I test is the most likely source of the 1959 peak observed at Guam. Radiogenic iodine found in coral was carried primarily through surface ocean currents. The coral I-129 time series data provide a broad picture of the surface distribution and depth penetration of I-129 in the Pacific Ocean over the past 60 years. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chang, Ching-Chih; Burr, George S.; Jull, A. J. Timothy; Bidduiph, Dana; White, Lara] Univ Arizona, NSF Arizona AMS Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Chang, Ching-Chih; Jull, A. J. Timothy; Russell, Joellen L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Burr, George S.] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Oceanog, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Prouty, Nancy G.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Chen, Yue-Gau; Shen, Chuan-Chou] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Taipei, Taiwan. [Zhou, Weijian] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, Shaanxi Prov Key Lab Accelerator Mass Spectrometr, Xian 710043, Peoples R China. [Lam, Doan Dinh] Vietnamese Acad Sci & Technol, Inst Geol, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Chang, CC (reprint author), 1118 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cchchang@email.arizona.edu FU NSF [EAR1313588]; Taiwan ROC MOST [104-2119-M-002-003]; National Taiwan University [105R7625] FX We would like thank staff at the University of Arizona AMS Laboratory for assistance. The 129I work was supported in part by NSF grant EAR1313588. Funding was also supported by grants from Taiwan ROC MOST (104-2119-M-002-003 to C.-C.S.) and the National Taiwan University (105R7625 to C.-C.S.). NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X EI 1879-1700 J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 165 BP 144 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.09.016 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF7HG UT WOS:000390500100018 PM 27721136 ER PT J AU Jurgens, BC Bohlke, JK Kauffman, LJ Belitz, K Esser, BK AF Jurgens, Bryant C. Bohlke, J. K. Kauffman, Leon J. Belitz, Kenneth Esser, Bradley K. TI A partial exponential lumped parameter model to evaluate groundwater age distributions and nitrate trends in long-screened wells SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Groundwater age; Partial exponential model; Lumped parameter model; Particle tracking; Nitrate; Central Valley, California ID ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; CONTAMINATION; TIME AB A partial exponential lumped parameter model (PEM) was derived to determine age distributions and nitrate trends in long-screened production wells. The PEM can simulate age distributions for wells screened over any finite interval of an aquifer that has an exponential distribution of age with depth. The PEM has 3 parameters - the ratio of saturated thickness to the top and bottom of the screen and mean age, but these can be reduced to 1 parameter (mean age) by using well construction information and estimates of the saturated thickness. The PEM was tested with data from 30 production wells in a heterogeneous alluvial fan aquifer in California, USA. Well construction data were used to guide param-eterization of a PEM for each well and mean age was calibrated to measured environmental tracer data (H-3, He-3, CFC-113, and C-14). Results were compared to age distributions generated for individual wells using advective particle tracking models (PTMs). Age distributions from PTMs were more complex than PEM distributions, but PEMs provided better fits to tracer data, partly because the PTMs did not simulate C-14 accurately in wells that captured varying amounts of old groundwater recharged at lower rates prior to groundwater development and irrigation. Nitrate trends were simulated independently of the calibration process and the PEM provided good fits for at least 11 of 24 wells. This work shows that the PEM, and lumped parameter models (LPMs) in general, can often identify critical features of the age distributions in wells that are needed to explain observed tracer data and nonpoint source contaminant trends, even in systems where aquifer heterogeneity and water-use complicate distributions of age. While accurate PTMs are preferable for understanding and predicting aquifer-scale responses to water use and contaminant transport, LPMs can be sensitive to local conditions near individual wells that may be inaccurately represented or missing in an aquifer-scale flow model. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jurgens, Bryant C.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Bohlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Kauffman, Leon J.] US Geol Survey, Lawrenceville, NJ USA. [Belitz, Kenneth] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA USA. [Esser, Bradley K.] Lawerence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Jurgens, BC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. EM bjurgens@usgs.gov FU California State Water Resources Control Board; U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program; National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program FX This work was supported by the California State Water Resources Control Board and the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program and National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. We thank Christopher T. Green, Axel Suckow, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 543 SI SI BP 109 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.011 PN A PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EF9CO UT WOS:000390628500010 ER PT J AU Green, CT Jurgens, BC Zhang, Y Starn, JJ Singleton, MJ Esser, BK AF Green, Christopher T. Jurgens, Bryant C. Zhang, Yong Starn, J. Jeffrey Singleton, Michael J. Esser, Bradley K. TI Regional oxygen reduction and denitrification rates in groundwater from multi-model residence time distributions, San Joaquin Valley, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oxygen reduction; Denitrification; Groundwater Residence time; Multi-model analysis; Regional water quality ID NON-FICKIAN TRANSPORT; WATER-QUALITY TRENDS; PUBLIC-SUPPLY WELLS; UNITED-STATES; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; BREAKTHROUGH CURVES; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; UNSATURATED ZONES; ALLUVIAL SETTINGS; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL AB Rates of oxygen and nitrate reduction are key factors in determining the chemical evolution of ground-water. Little is known about how these rates vary and covary in regional groundwater settings, as few studies have focused on regional datasets with multiple tracers and methods of analysis that account for effects of mixed residence times on apparent reaction rates. This study provides insight into the characteristics of residence times and rates of O-2 reduction and denitrification (NO3- reduction) by comparing reaction rates using multi-model analytical residence time distributions (RTDs) applied to a data set of atmospheric tracers of groundwater age and geochemical data from 141 well samples in the Central Eastern San Joaquin Valley, CA. The RTD approach accounts for mixtures of residence times in a single sample to provide estimates of in-situ rates. Tracers included SF6, CFCs, H-3, He from H-3 (tritiogenic He), C-14, and terrigenic He. Parameter estimation and multi-model averaging were used to establish RTDs with lower error variances than those produced by individual RTD models. The set of multi model RTDs was used in combination with NO3- and dissolved gas data to estimate zero order and first order rates of O-2 reduction and denitrification. Results indicated that O-2 reduction and denitrification rates followed approximately log-normal distributions. Rates of O-2 and NO3- reduction were correlated and, on an electron milliequivalent basis, denitrification rates tended to exceed O-2 reduction rates. Estimated historical NO3- trends were similar to historical measurements. Results show that the multi model approach can improve estimation of age distributions, and that relatively easily measured O-2 rates can provide information about trends in denitrification rates, which are more difficult to estimate. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Green, Christopher T.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jurgens, Bryant C.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Zhang, Yong] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. [Starn, J. Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, E Hartford, CT USA. [Singleton, Michael J.; Esser, Bradley K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nucl & Chem Sci Div, Livermore, CA USA. RP Green, CT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ctgreen@usgs.gov FU National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program; National Research Program (NRP); USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Science Foundation [DMS-1460319] FX Funding was provided by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program, National Research Program (NRP), USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, and the National Science Foundation under Grant DMS-1460319, Thanks to Karen Burow for assistance with well information and observed decadal trends and to Matthew Landon for help with datasets and geochemical information. Discussions with Ate Visser contributed to the improvement of this study. NR 96 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 543 SI SI BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.018 PN A PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EF9CO UT WOS:000390628500013 ER PT J AU Clement, MJ AF Clement, Matthew J. TI Designing occupancy studies when false-positive detections occur SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE detection heterogeneity; detection probability; false positives; misidentification; occupancy models; presence-absence; study design ID HETEROGENEOUS DETECTION PROBABILITIES; SPECIES OCCURRENCE; IMPERFECT DETECTION; NEGATIVE ERRORS; MODELS; RATES; BIAS; BATS AB 1. Recently, estimators have been developed to estimate occupancy probabilities when false-positive detections occur during presence-absence surveys. Some of these estimators combine different types of survey data to improve estimates of occupancy. With these estimators, there is a trade-off between the number of sample units surveyed, and the number and type of surveys at each sample unit. Guidance on efficient design of studies when false positives occur is unavailable. 2. For a range of scenarios, I identified survey designs that minimized the mean square error of the estimate of occupancy. I considered an approach that uses one survey method and two observation states and an approach that uses two survey methods. For each approach, I used numerical methods to identify optimal survey designs when model assumptions were met and parameter values were correctly anticipated, when parameter values were not correctly anticipated and when the assumption of no unmodelled detection heterogeneity was violated. 3. Under the approach with two observation states, false-positive detections increased the number of recommended surveys, relative to standard occupancy models. If parameter values could not be anticipated, pessimism about detection probabilities avoided poor designs. Detection heterogeneity could require more or fewer repeat surveys, depending on parameter values. If model assumptions were met, the approach with two survey methods was inefficient. However, with poor anticipation of parameter values, with detection heterogeneity or with removal sampling schemes, combining two survey methods could improve estimates of occupancy. 4. Ignoring false positives can yield biased parameter estimates, yet false positives greatly complicate the design of occupancy studies. Specific guidance for major types of false-positive occupancy models, and for two assumption violations common in field data, can conserve survey resources. This guidance can be used to design efficient monitoring programmes and studies of species occurrence, species distribution or habitat selection, when false positives occur during surveys. C1 [Clement, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Clement, Matthew J.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Res Branch, 5000 W Carefree Hwy, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. RP Clement, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.; Clement, MJ (reprint author), Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Res Branch, 5000 W Carefree Hwy, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. EM mclement@gmail.com NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 12 BP 1538 EP 1547 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12617 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF5ZN UT WOS:000390408700012 ER PT J AU Edwards, T Wadl, P Trigiano, R Hatmaker, E Boggess, S Moore, P Staton, M Klingeman, W Bernard, E Dattilo, A Ownley, B Rinehart, T Pistrang, M Skinner, J Call, G Windham, A Hadziabdic, D AF Edwards, T. Wadl, P. Trigiano, R. Hatmaker, E. Boggess, S. Moore, P. Staton, M. Klingeman, W. Bernard, E. Dattilo, A. Ownley, B. Rinehart, T. Pistrang, M. Skinner, J. Call, G. Windham, A. Hadziabdic, D. TI Current Status and Ongoing Conservation Efforts for the Federally Endangered Species Pityopsis ruthii SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2016 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Edwards, T.; Trigiano, R.; Hatmaker, E.; Boggess, S.; Moore, P.; Staton, M.; Klingeman, W.; Bernard, E.; Ownley, B.; Skinner, J.; Windham, A.; Hadziabdic, D.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Wadl, P.] USDA ARS, Charleston, SC USA. [Dattilo, A.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. [Rinehart, T.] USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS USA. [Pistrang, M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Cleveland, TN USA. [Call, G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cookeville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2016 VL 106 IS 12 SU S BP 34 EP 34 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EF6WM UT WOS:000390471900172 ER PT J AU Dewulf, J Blengini, GA Pennington, D Nuss, P Nassar, NT AF Dewulf, Jo Blengini, Gian Andrea Pennington, David Nuss, Philip Nassar, Nedal T. TI Criticality on the international scene: Quo vadis? SO RESOURCES POLICY LA English DT Article DE Criticality; (Raw) materials; Supply risk; Supply disruption; Vulnerability; Economic consequences ID RESOURCES; METALS; RISKS AB This paper brings a discussion on the current state-of-the-art in criticality assessment in an international context. It analyzes the status of resource criticality concepts and their calculation methods. The current practice often exhibits a common two-axis assessment framework but the way the two axes are further operationalized shows heterogeneous approaches. Apart from the two-axis as key element of criticality assessment, the scope of the materials, the role of substitution, the delineation of the supply chain and data, and indicator selection are addressed as key elements, The abovementioned criticality assessment practice is approached in function of the upcoming international debate on criticality. The paper tackles the role of criticality assessment in the context of the sustainability assessment toolbox and it proposes a clear distinction between criticality assessment and resilience to criticality. The insights offered in the paper may feed the international discussion in the identification of elements that may be harmonized and elements that may be better left open in function of the particular application. C1 [Dewulf, Jo; Blengini, Gian Andrea; Pennington, David; Nuss, Philip] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, IES, Via E Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Dewulf, Jo] Univ Ghent, Res Grp ENVOC, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Blengini, Gian Andrea] Politecn Torino, Corso Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Nassar, Nedal T.] USGS, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Dewulf, J (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Res Grp ENVOC, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM jo.dewulf@ugent.be; gianandrea.blengini@jrc.ec.europa.eu; david.pennington@jrc.ec.europa.eu; philip@nuss.me; nnassar@usgs.gov OI Nuss, Philip/0000-0001-9936-6886 NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4207 EI 1873-7641 J9 RESOUR POLICY JI Resour. Policy PD DEC PY 2016 VL 50 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.resourpol.2016.09.008 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EG1XB UT WOS:000390826500018 ER PT J AU Kroschel, WA King, SL Keim, RF AF Kroschel, Whitney A. King, Sammy L. Keim, Richard F. TI Tree Regeneration by Seed in Bottomland Hardwood Forests: A Review SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Big Thicket Science Conference - Watersheds and Waterflows Biodiversity and Ecology of the West Gulf Coastal Plain Landscape CY APR 17-19, 2015 CL Stephen F Austin State Univ, Nacogdoches, TX SP Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, Big Thicket Assoc, Natl Park Serv, Big Thicket Natl Preserve, MeadWestvaco, Texas Pk & Wildlife Dept, USDA Forest Serv So Res Stat HO Stephen F Austin State Univ ID GREENTREE RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT; MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; TEXAS FLOODPLAIN FOREST; ONTOGENIC NICHE SHIFTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; SHADE-TOLERANCE; UNITED-STATES; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY AB Bottomland hardwood forests (BLH) are found in temperate, humid regions of the southeastern US, primarily on alluvial floodplains adjacent to rivers. Altered hydrology in rivers and floodplains has caused changes in stand development and species composition of BLHs. We hypothesize that the driving mechanisms behind these changes are related to the regeneration process because of the complexity of recruitment and the vulnerability of species at that age in development. Here we review the state of our understanding regarding BLH regeneration, and identify potential bottlenecks throughout the stages of seed production, seed dispersal, germination, establishment, and survival. Our process-level understanding of regeneration by seed in BLHs is rudimentary, thus limiting our ability to predict the effects of hydrologic alterations on species composition. By focusing future research on the appropriate stages of regeneration, we can better understand the sources of forest-community transitions across the diverse range of BLH systems. C1 [Kroschel, Whitney A.; Keim, Richard F.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [King, Sammy L.] US Geol Survey, LSU Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Kroschel, WA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM whitney.kroschel@gmail.com NR 124 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 15 SI 9 BP 42 EP 60 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF9UU UT WOS:000390677200004 ER PT J AU Lemon, MGT Allen, ST Edwards, BL King, SL Keim, RF AF Lemon, Mary Grace T. Allen, Scott T. Edwards, Brandon L. King, Sammy L. Keim, Richard F. TI Satellite-derived Temperature Data for Monitoring Water Status in a Floodplain Forest of the Upper Sabine River, Texas SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Big Thicket Science Conference - Watersheds and Waterflows Biodiversity and Ecology of the West Gulf Coastal Plain Landscape CY APR 17-19, 2015 CL Stephen F Austin State Univ, Nacogdoches, TX SP Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, Big Thicket Assoc, Natl Park Serv, Big Thicket Natl Preserve, MeadWestvaco, Texas Pk & Wildlife Dept, USDA Forest Serv So Res Stat HO Stephen F Austin State Univ ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; COASTAL-PLAIN; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SAP FLOW; TREES; TRANSPIRATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; DOWNSTREAM; DYNAMICS; WETLANDS AB Decreased water availability due to hydrologic modifications, groundwater withdrawal, and climate change threaten bottomland hardwood (BLH) forest communities. We used satellite-derived (MODIS) land-surface temperature (LST) data to investigate spatial heterogeneity of canopy temperature (an indicator of plant-water status) in a floodplain forest of the upper Sabine River for 2008-2014. High LST pixels were generally further from the river and at higher topographic locations, indicating lower water-availability. Increasing rainfall-derived soil moisture corresponded with decreased heterogeneity of LST between pixels but there was weaker association between Sabine River stage and heterogeneity. Stronger dependence of LST convergence on rainfall rather than river flow suggests that some regions are less hydrologically connected to the river, and vegetation may rely on local precipitation and other contributions to the riparian aquifer to replenish soil moisture. Observed LST variations associated with hydrology encourage further investigation of the utility of this approach for monitoring forest stress, especially with considerations of climate change and continued river management. C1 [Lemon, Mary Grace T.; Allen, Scott T.; Edwards, Brandon L.; Keim, Richard F.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [King, Sammy L.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Lemon, MGT (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mlemon7@tigers.lsu.edu NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 15 SI 9 BP 90 EP 102 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF9UU UT WOS:000390677200008 ER PT J AU Holm, SR Noon, BR Wiens, JD Ripple, WJ AF Holm, Samantha R. Noon, Barry R. Wiens, J. David Ripple, William J. TI Potential Trophic Cascades Triggered by the Barred Owl Range Expansion SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE barred owl; competition; intraguild predation; invasive species; northern spotted owl; Pacific Northwest; range expansion; Strix occidentalis caurina; Strix varia; trophic cascade ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; FISHERS MARTES-PENNANTI; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; STRIX-VARIA; INTERFERENCE COMPETITION; APPARENT COMPETITION; HABITAT SELECTION; FOREST MANAGEMENT; POCKET GOPHERS; CONSERVATION AB Recently, the barred owl (Strix varia) has expanded its range into the Pacific Northwest of the United States resulting in pronounced effects on the demography and behavior of the northern spotted owl (S. occidentalis caurina). The range expansion has brought together historically allopatric species, creating the potential for significant changes in the avian predator community with possible cascading effects on food-web dynamics. The adverse effects of the barred owl on the behavior and demography of the northern spotted owl are well-documented, but little is known about the immediate and long-term effects changes in the predator community may have on native species composition and ecosystem processes. Based on northern spotted owl and barred owl selection for diet and habitat resources, there is a potential for trophic cascades within the region's predator and prey communities, differing responses by their shared and unique prey species, and possible direct and indirect effects on ecosystem processes. We explored the possible ecological consequences of the barred owl range expansion to wildlife communities of the Pacific Northwest based on the theoretical underpinnings of predator-prey relationships, interspecific competition, intraguild predation, and potential cascading trophic interactions. Negative effects on fitness of northern spotted owls because of interspecific competition with barred owls are strong selection forces that may contribute to the regional extinction of the northern spotted owl. In addition, we posit that shared prey species and those uniquely consumed by barred owls, along with other competing native predators, may experience changes in behavior, abundance, and distribution as a result of increased rates of predation by rapidly expanding populations of barred owls. (C) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Holm, Samantha R.; Noon, Barry R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Holm, Samantha R.; Noon, Barry R.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wiens, J. David] US Geol Survey, Forest & Range Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 9733 USA. [Ripple, William J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Troph Cascades Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Holm, Samantha R.] 3041 S High St, Denver, CO 80210 USA. RP Holm, SR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Holm, SR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Holm, SR (reprint author), 3041 S High St, Denver, CO 80210 USA. EM samtolve@gmail.com NR 107 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 40 IS 4 BP 615 EP 624 DI 10.1002/wsb.714 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EF9XU UT WOS:000390685600002 ER PT J AU Walsh, DP Cassirer, EF Bonds, MD Brown, DR Edwards, WH Weiser, GC Drew, ML Briggs, RE Fox, KA Miller, MW Shanthalingam, S Srikumaran, S Besser, TE AF Walsh, Daniel P. Cassirer, E. Frances Bonds, Michael D. Brown, Daniel R. Edwards, William H. Weiser, Glen C. Drew, Mark L. Briggs, Robert E. Fox, Karen A. Miller, Michael W. Shanthalingam, Sudarvili Srikumaran, Subramaniam Besser, Thomas E. TI Concordance in Diagnostic Testing for Respiratory Pathogens of Bighorn Sheep SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Bayesian Kappa statistic; clinical test; leukotoxin; Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae; Pasteurellaceae; pneumonia; proficiency test; repeatability; ring test; wildlife disease ID OVIS-CANADENSIS-CANADENSIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MYCOPLASMA-OVIPNEUMONIAE; PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; MANNHEIMIA-HAEMOLYTICA; DOMESTIC SHEEP; PNEUMONIA; DISEASE; LEUKOTOXIN; TREHALOSI AB Reliable diagnostic tests are essential for disease investigation and management. This is particularly true for diseases of free-ranging wildlife where sampling is logistically difficult precluding retesting. Clinical assays for wildlife diseases frequently vary among laboratories because of lack of appropriate standardized commercial kits. Results of diagnostic testing may also be called into question when investigators report different etiologies for disease outbreaks, despite similar clinical and pathologic findings. To evaluate reliability of diagnostic testing for respiratory pathogens of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), we conducted a series of ring tests across 6 laboratories routinely involved in detection of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, Pasteurellaceae, lktA (the Pasteurellaceae gene encoding leukotoxin), and 3 reference laboratories. Consistency of results for replicate samples within laboratories was high (median agreement = 1.0). Agreement between laboratories was high for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of M. ovipneumoniae and culture isolation of Mannheimia spp. and Bibersteinia trehalosi (median agreement - 0.89-0.95, Kappa - 0.65-0.74), and lower for PCR detection of Mannheimia spp. lktA (median agreement = 0.58, Kappa = 0.12). Most errors on defined status samples were false negatives, suggesting test sensitivity was a greater problem than specificity. However, tests for M. haemolytica and lktA yielded some false positive results. Despite differences in testing protocols, median agreement among laboratories and correct classification of controls for most agents was >= 0.80, meeting or exceeding the standard required by federal proficiency testing programs. This information is valuable for interpreting test results, laboratory quality assessments, and advancing diagnosis of respiratory disease in wild sheep. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Walsh, Daniel P.; Bonds, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Cassirer, E. Frances] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 3316 16th St, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. [Brown, Daniel R.] Univ Florida, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Edwards, William H.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Wildlife Hlth Lab, 1174 Snowy Range Rd, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Weiser, Glen C.] Univ Idaho, Caine Vet Teaching Ctr, 1020 E Homedale Rd, Caldwell, ID 83607 USA. [Drew, Mark L.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Hlth Lab, 16569 S 10th Ave, Caldwell, ID 83607 USA. [Briggs, Robert E.] USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Fox, Karen A.; Miller, Michael W.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Wildlife Hlth Program, 4330 W Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Shanthalingam, Sudarvili; Srikumaran, Subramaniam; Besser, Thomas E.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Walsh, DP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM dwalsh@usgs.gov FU Idaho Wildlife Disease Research Oversight Committee; USGS National Wildlife Health Center FX We would like to thank the participating laboratories for their willingness to partake in this study, each of the laboratories that contributed samples on which the ring test was based, and MWM for providing the sequence-identified Pasteurellaceae used for spiking. We recognize U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Wildlife Health Center employees K. Egstad, Dr. D. Blehert, and K. McMullen for the dedication and hard work that made this ring test possible; T. Hosch-Hebdon with Idaho Department of Fish and Game for helpful insights during the inception of this project; and technical staff from each contributing laboratory CPW: K. Griffin; DBL: D. L. Michaels; GWL: S. Lindstedt and L. Dibben; TBL: K. Baker; WADDL: D. Diaz-Campos, D. Mellick, and D. Bradway; and WYL: J. Jennings-Gaines and H. Killion. Funding was provided by the Idaho Wildlife Disease Research Oversight Committee and USGS National Wildlife Health Center, and each participating laboratory provided funding for their diagnostic work. We thank Associate Editor Dr. J. McDonald, and 2 anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments, which improved the quality of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 40 IS 4 BP 634 EP 642 DI 10.1002/wsb.721 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EF9XU UT WOS:000390685600004 ER PT J AU Diggins, CA Gilley, LM Kelly, CA Ford, WM AF Diggins, Corinne A. Gilley, L. Michelle Kelly, Christine A. Ford, W. Mark TI Comparison of Survey Techniques on Detection of Northern Flying Squirrels SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE camera trap; Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus; live trap; monitoring; survey effort; ultrasonic acoustics ID CENTRAL ROCK-RAT; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; CAMERA TRAP; HABITAT USE; ACOUSTIC IDENTIFICATION; NONINVASIVE TECHNIQUES; SMALL MAMMALS; HOME-RANGE; BAT; DESIGN AB The ability to detect a species is central to the success of monitoring for conservation and management purposes, especially if the species is rare or endangered. Traditional methods, such as live capture, can be labor-intensive, invasive, and produce low detection rates. Technological advances and new approaches provide opportunities to more effectively survey for species both in terms of accuracy and efficiency than previous methods. We conducted a pilot comparison study of a traditional technique (live-trapping) and 2 novel noninvasive techniques (camera-trapping and ultrasonic acoustic surveys) on detection rates of the federally endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) in occupied habitat within the Roan Mountain Highlands of North Carolina, USA. In 2015, we established 3 5 x 5 livetrapping grids (6.5 ha) with 4 camera traps and 4 acoustic detectors systematically embedded in each grid. All 3 techniques were used simultaneously during 2 4-day survey periods. We compared techniques by assessing probability of detection (POD), latency to detection (LTD; i.e., no. of survey nights until initial detection), and survey effort. Acoustics had the greatest POD (0.37 +/- 0.06 SE), followed by camera traps (0.30 +/- 0.06) and live traps (0.01 +/- 0.005). Acoustics had a lower LTD than camera traps (P = 0.017), where average LTD was 1.5 nights for acoustics and 3.25 nights for camera traps. Total field effort was greatest with live traps (111.9 hr) followed by acoustics (8.4 hr) and camera traps (9.6 hr), although processing and examination for data of noninvasive techniques made overall effort similar among the 3 methods. This pilot study demonstrated that both noninvasive methods were better rapid-assessment detection techniques for flying squirrels than live traps. However, determining seasonal effects between survey techniques and further development of protocols for both noninvasive techniques is necessary prior to widespread application in the region. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Diggins, Corinne A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Gilley, L. Michelle] Mars Hill Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Mars Hill, NC 28754 USA. [Kelly, Christine A.] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Wildlife Management Div, Asheville, NC 28803 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Diggins, CA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM cordie1@vt.edu FU North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission Pittman-Robertson grant [W-66-R-1]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Endangered Species Recovery Implementation grant [F11AC01265] FX We would like to thank K. Weeks, S. Cameron, M. McCombs, J. McGuiness, and M. Crockett for logistical support. S. Higdon, E. Sypolt, and H. B. Hound provided field assistance. Housing was provided by the Southern Appalachians Highlands Conservancy. M. J. Kelly, S. M. Karpanty, M. B. Adams, A. C. Boyton, Associate Editor P. Neuhaus, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments that improved this manuscript. Funding was provided by North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission Pittman-Robertson grant #W-66-R-1 and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Endangered Species Recovery Implementation grant #F11AC01265. This work was conducted under North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission Endangered Species Permit #14-ES00401 and U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Endangered Species Research Recovery Permit #TE34778A-0. The use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 40 IS 4 BP 654 EP 662 DI 10.1002/wsb.715 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EF9XU UT WOS:000390685600006 ER PT J AU Walsh, PB Sethi, SA Lake, BC Mangipane, BA Nielson, R Lowe, S AF Walsh, Patrick B. Sethi, Suresh Andrew Lake, Bryce C. Mangipane, Buck A. Nielson, Ryan Lowe, Stacey TI Estimating Denning Date of Wolves With Daily Movement and GPS Location Fix Failure SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Canis lupus; denning timing; parturition timing; wolf ID PARTURITION; MODELS AB We used Global Positioning System (GPS) radiotelemetry data from 7 breeding female wolves (Canis lupus; n = 14 dennings) in 3 regions across Alaska, USA, during 2008-2011 to develop and compare methods for estimating the onset of denning, and thus infer timing of parturition. We developed and tested 2 estimators based on a combination of GPS radiocollar location-fix failure and distance traveled between locations. We developed a quantitative method employing Generalized Additive Models to smooth time series of wolf data to estimate denning onset. In contrast, 3 study authors with first-hand experience with the study wolves implemented a subjective method of estimating denning onset by visual inspection of detection and distance traveled data. We then tested the visual method for repeatability by subjecting it to 10 wolf experts not associated with this study. Side-by-side comparison of estimators indicates that denning onset can be precisely measured using GPS detection success and distance traveled. Furthermore, the visual-inspection method was simple and rapid to implement and yielded more accurate (relative to assumed dates of denning onset) and precise results compared to the quantitative estimator. Although the Generalized Additive Model based approach had the advantage of estimating denning onset objectively following a set of prescribed rules in a statistical inferential framework, we found the method required significant technical capacity to implement and did not represent an improvement over simple visual-inspection-based estimates of denning onset. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Walsh, Patrick B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Togiak Natl Wildlife Refuge, Dillingham, AK 99576 USA. [Sethi, Suresh Andrew] Cornell Univ, US Geol Survey, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lake, Bryce C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Flats Natl Wildlife Refuge, 101 12th Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Mangipane, Buck A.] Natl Pk Serv, Lake Clark Natl Pk & Preserve, Port Alsworth, AK 99653 USA. [Nielson, Ryan] West Inc, 415 W 17th St,Suite 200, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [Lowe, Stacey] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Izembek Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 127, Cold Bay, AK 99571 USA. RP Walsh, PB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Togiak Natl Wildlife Refuge, Dillingham, AK 99576 USA. EM patrick_walsh@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Park Service FX This study was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Park Service. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Government. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We are grateful to the wolf experts who contributed to this study by testing our visual method: L. Adams, S. Arthur, N. Barten, M. Bertram, T. Carnahan, N. Demma, H. Golden, L. D. Mech, M. Metz, and K. Mills. Finally, we sincerely thank associate editor W. Thogmartin and 2 anonymous reviewers-their insightful reviews led to a better paper. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 40 IS 4 BP 663 EP 668 DI 10.1002/wsb.703 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EF9XU UT WOS:000390685600007 ER PT J AU Dinges, AJ Webb, EB Vrtiska, MP AF Dinges, Andrew J. Webb, Elisabeth B. Vrtiska, Mark P. TI Light Goose Conservation Order Effects on Nontarget Waterfowl Behavior and Energy Expenditure SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE behavior; Conservation Order; dabbling ducks; daily energy expenditure; disturbance; light geese; Rainwater Basin; spring migration ID SPRING-STAGING ECOLOGY; SOUTH-CENTRAL NEBRASKA; GREATER SNOW GEESE; RAINWATER BASIN; NORTHERN PINTAILS; FEEDING ECOLOGY; BODY CONDITION; WETLAND BIRDS; ANAS-RUBRIPES; HIGH-PLAINS AB When the Light Goose Conservation Order (LGCO) was established during 1999 in the Rainwater Basin of Nebraska, USA, LGCO activities were limited to 4 days/week and 16 public wetlands were closed to the LGCO to limit disturbance to nontarget waterfowl during this energetically important time period. However, the effects of LGCO activities on waterfowl behavior and energy expenditure are relatively unknown in this critical waterfowl staging area. To evaluate LGCO effects on target and nontarget species, we paired wetlands open and closed to LGCO and recorded waterfowl behavior and hunter encounters during springs 2011 and 2012. We constructed hourly energy expenditure models based on behavior data collected for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and northern pintails (A. acuta). In 2011, dabbling ducks (Anas spp.) spent more time feeding and less time resting in wetlands closed to hunting during early season when the majority of hunting encounters occurred; behaviors did not differ between hunt categories during late season when hunting activities subsided. However, in 2012, dabbling ducks spent more time feeding and less time resting in wetlands open to hunting during early and late seasons. We detected no differences in behaviors of lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens) or greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) between hunting categories in early season. Mallards had slightly greater energy expenditure on wetlands closed to hunting ((x) over bar - 38.94 +/- 0.31 kJ/bird/hr), compared with wetlands open to hunting ((x) over bar - 37.87 +/- 0.32 kJ/bird/hr); therefore, greater energy spent by mallards cannot be attributed to hunting disturbance. We also detected no differences in dabbling duck behavior or energy expenditure between days open or closed to hunting in the region. A refuge system of wetlands closed to LGCO activities in the Rainwater Basin may be an important management strategy in providing reduced disturbance for nontarget waterfowl species in some years. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Dinges, Andrew J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Webb, Elisabeth B.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Vrtiska, Mark P.] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, 2200 N 33rd St, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. RP Dinges, AJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.; Dinges, AJ (reprint author), 312 12th Ave NW, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM adinges8@gmail.com FU Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; U.S. Geological Survey Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; E. K. Love Fellowship; Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX We would like to thank the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the U.S. Geological Survey Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the E. K. Love Fellowship for providing funding and logistical support for this project. Additional logistical support was provided by the Rainwater Basin Joint Venture and Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District. We gratefully acknowledge H. Johnson and E. Teter for their assistance collecting field data and J. Fontaine and for helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. We especially would like to thank Associate Editor A. Pearse and all other reviewers that have helped improve this manuscript. The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, the University of Missouri, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 40 IS 4 BP 694 EP 704 DI 10.1002/wsb.704 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EF9XU UT WOS:000390685600011 ER PT J AU Ness, BN Klaver, RW AF Ness, Brenna N. Klaver, Robert W. TI Canada Goose Nest Survival at Rural Wetlands in North-central Iowa SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Branta canadensis maxima; giant Canada goose; habitat; Iowa; nest survival; Program MARK; rural ID SOUTHEASTERN ALBERTA; EGG FLOTATION; GEESE; SUCCESS; DENSITY; HABITAT; SELECTION; ISLANDS AB The last comprehensive nest survival study of the breeding giant Canada goose (Branta canadensis maxima) population in Iowa, USA, was conducted > 30 years ago during a period of population recovery, during which available nesting habitat consisted primarily of artificial nest structures. Currently, Iowa's resident goose population is stable and nests in a variety of habitats. We analyzed the effects of available habitat on nest survival and how nest survival rates compared with those of the expanding goose population studied previously to better understand how to maintain a sustainable Canada goose population in Iowa. We documented Canada goose nest survival at rural wetland sites in north-central Iowa. We monitored 121 nests in 2013 and 149 nests in 2014 at 5 Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) with various nesting habitats, including islands, muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) houses, and elevated nest structures. We estimated daily nest-survival rate using the nest survival model in Program MARK. Survival was influenced by year, site, stage, presence of a camera, nest age, and an interaction between nest age and stage. Nest success rates for the 28-day incubation period by site and year combination ranged from 0.10 to 0.84. Nest survival was greatest at sites with nest structures (beta = 17.34). Nest survival was negatively affected by lowered water levels at Rice Lake WMA (2013 beta = -0.77, nest age beta = -0.07). Timing of water-level drawdowns for shallow lake restorations may influence nest survival rates. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Ness, Brenna N.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci Hall 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 339 Sci Hall 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ness, Brenna N.] 315 Main St, Odessa, DE 19730 USA. RP Ness, BN (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci Hall 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA.; Ness, BN (reprint author), 315 Main St, Odessa, DE 19730 USA. EM brennatowery@gmail.com FU Iowa Department of Natural Resources Fish and Wildlife Trust Fund [CRWB0046-8340-WSUCH]; U.S. Geological Survey [G12AC20381] FX We thank P. Bartelt, P. Eyheralde, J. Godwin, S. Handrigan, O. Jones, K. Murphy, R. Reeves, and G. Zenner for their efforts in nest searching and monitoring; S. Dinsmore for guidance on statistical analysis; the Iowa DNR for providing field housing; and J. Morris for access to his Jon boat. We also thank J. Stafford and 3 anonymous reviewers for providing valuable feedback during the review process. Partial funding for this project was provided through the Iowa Department of Natural Resources Fish and Wildlife Trust Fund Contract CRWB0046-8340-WSUCH and Cooperative Agreement Number G12AC20381 from the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 40 IS 4 BP 705 EP 713 DI 10.1002/wsb.716 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EF9XU UT WOS:000390685600012 ER PT J AU Koford, RR Dodici, G Zenner, G Vogel, JA Ness, B Klaver, RW AF Koford, Rolf R. Dodici, Gian Zenner, Guy Vogel, Jennifer A. Ness, Brenna Klaver, Robert W. TI Influence of Patch Shape on Mallard Nest Survival in Northern Iowa SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; hen success; nest survival; patch size; perimeter-to-area ratio; Prairie Pothole Region; predation; telemetry; waterfowl ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WETLAND USE; DUCK NESTS; SUCCESS; LANDSCAPE; POPULATIONS; PREDATION; WATERFOWL AB Reproductive success of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) is influenced by distribution and amount of wetlands and grasslands on the landscape during the breeding season. Most studies of mallard reproductive success have been conducted in areas with high wetland densities and large tracts of grasslands. We investigated nest survival of mallards in intensively cropped northern Iowa, USA, where wetland and grassland habitats were highly fragmented. We radiotracked female mallards nesting during 1998-2000 and located 318 nests in 6 types of land cover. Overall daily survival rate of nests was 0.945 +/- 0.003 standard error (SE), corresponding to an estimated nest survival rate of 0.14. Hen success (i.e., the probability that an individual female will hatch a nest in one of her attempts) averaged 0.28 +/- 0.03 SE. We used a model selection approach to examine covariates that might affect nest survival. Perimeter-to-area ratio (PAR) of the nest patch was the most important predictor of daily nest survival, with nest survival decreasing with increasing PAR. A greater percentage of nests hatched (18%) in habitats with low perimeter-to-area ratios (e.g., pastures, hayfields, Conservation Reserve Program fields, and managed grasslands) compared with habitats with high PAR (11%) such as drainage ditches, road-side ditches, fencerows, and waterways. Managing habitat in this region to increase mallard nest survival will be challenging, given the propensity of mallards to nest in linear habitats. If the climate change projections materialize in the 21st century, the southeastern portion of the Prairie Pothole Region could become a much more important breeding area for midcontinent mallards. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Koford, Rolf R.; Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 338 Sci Hall 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dodici, Gian] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zenner, Guy] Iowa Dept Nat Resources, 1203 North Shore Dr, Clear Lake, IA 50428 USA. [Vogel, Jennifer A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ness, Brenna] Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 339 Sci Hall 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ness, Brenna] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci Hall 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dodici, Gian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 3817 Luker Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Klaver, RW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 338 Sci Hall 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bklaver@iastate.edu FU Iowa Department of Natural Resources FX Funding for this research was provided through the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. A. Hancock, D. Hoffman, and numerous technicians assisted with data collection. We appreciate the comments by the Associate Editor and the anonymous reviewers, which greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 40 IS 4 BP 714 EP 721 DI 10.1002/wsb.713 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EF9XU UT WOS:000390685600013 ER PT J AU Roberts, CP Cain, JW Cox, RD AF Roberts, Caleb P. Cain, James W., III Cox, Robert D. TI Application of Activity Sensors for Estimating Behavioral Patterns SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE activity budget; behavior; Cervus canadensis; diel; elk; New Mexico; scale; telemetry; ungulate ID DEER CERVUS-ELAPHUS; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; HABITAT-SELECTION; GPS TELEMETRY; RED DEER; INACTIVE BEHAVIORS; RESOURCE SELECTION; AFRICAN ELEPHANTS; AMERICAN ELK; COLLARS AB The increasing use of Global Positioning System (GPS) collars in habitat selection studies provides large numbers of precise location data points with reduced field effort. However, inclusion of activity sensors in many GPS collars also grants the potential to remotely estimate behavioral state. Thus, only using GPS collars to collect location data belies their full capabilities. Coupling behavioral state with location data would allow researchers and managers to refine habitat selection models by using diel behavioral state changes to partition fine-scale temporal shifts in habitat selection. We tested the capability of relatively unsophisticated GPS-collar activity sensors to estimate behavior throughout diel periods using free-ranging female elk (Cervus canadensis) in the Jemez Mountains of north-central New Mexico, USA, 2013-2014. Collars recorded cumulative number of movements (hits) per 15-min recording period immediately preceding GPS fixes at 0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 hr. We measured diel behavioral patterns of focal elk, categorizing active (i.e., foraging, traveling, vigilant, grooming) and inactive (i.e., resting) states. Active behaviors (foraging, traveling) produced more average hits (0.87 +/- 0.69 hits/min, 4.0 +/- 2.2 hits/min, respectively; 95% CI) and inactive (resting) behavior fewer hits (-1.1 +/- 0.61 95% CI). We differentiated active and inactive behavioral states with a bootstrapped threshold of 5.9 +/- 3.9 hits/15-min recording period. Mean cumulative activity-sensor hits corresponded with observed diel behavioral patterns: hits increased during crepuscular (0600, 1800 hr) observations when elk were most active (0000-0600 hr: d = 0.19; 1200-1800 hr: d = 0.64) and decreased during midday and night (0000 hr, 1200 hr) when elk were least active (1800-0000 hr: d = -0.39; 0600-1200 hr: d = -0.43). Even using relatively unsophisticated GPS-collar activity sensors, managers can remotely estimate behavioral states, approximate diel behavioral patterns, and potentially complement location data in developing habitat selection models. (C) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Roberts, Caleb P.; Cox, Robert D.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Goddard Bldg,Box 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Cain, James W., III] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, POB 30003,MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Roberts, Caleb P.] Univ Nebraska, 1825 N 38th St,Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. RP Cain, JW (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, POB 30003,MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jwcain@nmsu.edu FU Texas Tech University Department of Natural Resources Management; U.S. Forest Service; Valles Caldera National Preserve; Pueblo of Jemez FX We thank Texas Tech University Department of Natural Resources Management, the U.S. Forest Service, Valles Caldera National Preserve, and the Pueblo of Jemez for funding and equipment. The New Mexico Department of Game and Fish provided logistical support and help in capturing study animals. We thank the Valles Caldera National Preserve for access, logistical support and equipment, including R. R. Parmenter and M.A. Peyton. J. Daly, J. Kiehne, S. Gaffney, E. Cate, and S. Johnson-Bice assistance with data collection. We also thank M. Wallace for equipment. We thank the Associate Editor, M. Wallace, P. Krausman, and 2 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on a previous draft of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 40 IS 4 BP 764 EP 771 DI 10.1002/wsb.717 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EF9XU UT WOS:000390685600020 ER PT J AU Navratil, T Shanley, JB Rohovec, J Oulehle, F Simecek, M Houska, J Cudlin, P AF Navratil, Tomas Shanley, James B. Rohovec, Jan Oulehle, Filip Simecek, Martin Houska, Jakub Cudlin, Pavel TI Soil mercury distribution in adjacent coniferous and deciduous stands highly impacted by acid rain in the Ore Mountains, Czech Republic SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Carbon; Sulfur; Nitrogen; Soil pools; Oxalate extractable Al and Fe; Hg/C ratio; C/S ratio; Black triangle ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; LONG-TERM ACIDIFICATION; ACADIA NATIONAL-PARK; FOREST SOILS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; BOREAL FORESTS; STREAM WATER; PICEA-ABIES AB Forests play a primary role in the cycling and storage of mercury (Hg) in terrestrial ecosystems. This study aimed to assess differences in Hg cycling and storage resulting from different vegetation at two adjacent forest stands - beech and spruce. The study site Nacetin in the Czech Republic's Black Triangle received high atmospheric loadings of Hg from coal combustion in the second half of the 20th century as documented by peat accumulation rates reaching 100 mu g m(-2) y(-1). In 2004, the annual litterfall Hg flux was 22.5 mu g m(-2) y(-1) in the beech stand and 14.5 mu g m(-2) y(-1) in the spruce stand. Soil concentrations and pools of Hg had a strong positive relation to soil organic matter and concentrations of soil sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N). O-horizon Hg concentrations ranged from 245 to 495 mu g kg(-1) and were greater in the spruce stand soil, probably as a result of greater dry Hg deposition. Mineral soil Hg concentrations ranged from 51 to 163 mu g kg(-1) and were greater in the beech stand soil due to its greater capacity to store organic carbon (C). The Hg/C ratio increased with depth from 0.3 in the O-horizon to 3.8 mu g g(-1) in the C horizon of spruce soil and from 0.7 to 2.7 mu g g(-1) in beech soil. The Hg/C ratio was greater at all mineral soil depths in the spruce stand. The organic soil Hg pools in beech and spruce stands (6.4 and 5.7 mg m(-2), respectively) were considerably lower than corresponding mineral soil Hg pools (39.1 and 25.8 mg m(-2)). Despite the important role of S in Hg cycling, differences in soil Hg distribution at both stands could not be attributed to differences in soil sulfur speciation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Navratil, Tomas; Rohovec, Jan; Simecek, Martin] Inst Geol AS CR, Vvi, Rozvojova 269, Prague 16500 6, Czech Republic. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, POB 628, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [Oulehle, Filip] Czech Geol Survey, Klarov 3, Prague 11821 1, Czech Republic. [Houska, Jakub] Czech Univ Life Sci, Fac Agrobiol Food & Nat Resources, Dept Soil Sci & Soil Protect, Kamycka 129, Prague 16521 6, Czech Republic. [Cudlin, Pavel] Global Change Res Ctr AS CR, Vvi, Porici 3b, Brno 60300, Czech Republic. RP Navratil, T (reprint author), Inst Geol AS CR, Vvi, Rozvojova 269, Prague 16500 6, Czech Republic. EM navratilt@gli.cas.cz RI Navratil, Tomas/C-3181-2008; Houska, Jakub/K-4404-2012 OI Navratil, Tomas/0000-0002-6213-5336; FU Czech Science Foundation [P210-11-1369, GA16-14762S]; [RVO67985831] FX The main financial support for this research was provided by the Czech Science Foundation Project No. P210-11-1369 and No. GA16-14762S. Long-term research program support at the Institute of Geology AS CR v.v.i. was provided by institutional project RVO67985831. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We are very thankful to Svetlana Hubickova and Irena Dobesova for sample processing and laboratory treatment. We appreciate the hard work of technician Oldrich Myska. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 75 BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.10.005 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EF1KY UT WOS:000390084900007 ER PT J AU Ellefsen, KJ Smith, DB AF Ellefsen, Karl J. Smith, David B. TI Manual hierarchical clustering of regional geochemical data using a Bayesian finite mixture model SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Clustering; Geochemical data; Compositional data; Finite mixture model; Bayesian modeling; Regional geochemistry AB Interpretation of regional scale, multivariate geochemical data is aided by a statistical technique called "clustering." We investigate a particular clustering procedure by applying it to geochemical data collected in the State of Colorado, United States of America. The clustering procedure partitions the field samples for the entire survey area into two clusters. The field samples in each cluster are partitioned again to create two subclusters, and so on. This manual procedure generates a hierarchy of clusters, and the different levels of the hierarchy show geochemical and geological processes occurring at different spatial scales. Although there are many different. clustering methods, we use Bayesian finite mixture modeling With two probability distributions, which yields two clusters. The model parameters are estimated with Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling of the posterior probability density function, which usually has multiple modes. Each mode has its own set of model parameters; each set is checked to ensure that it is consistent both with the data and with independent geologic knowledge. The set of model parameters that is most consistent with the independent geologic knowledge is selected for detailed interpretation and partitioning of the field samples. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ellefsen, Karl J.; Smith, David B.] US Geol Survey, MS 964,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Smith, David B.] US Geol Survey, MS 973,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ellefsen, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 964,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ellefsen@usgs.gov; dbsmith13@gmail.com FU Geochemical Landscapes Project within the Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was funded by the Geochemical Landscapes Project within the Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. J. Morrison and two anonymous reviewers provide helpful suggestions that improved this manuscript. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 75 BP 200 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.05.016 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EF1KY UT WOS:000390084900019 ER PT J AU Ennen, JR Agha, M Matamoros, WA Hazzard, SC Lovich, JE AF Ennen, Joshua R. Agha, Mickey Matamoros, Wilfredo A. Hazzard, Sarah C. Lovich, Jeffrey E. TI Using climate, energy, and spatial-based hypotheses to interpret macroecological patterns of North America chelonians (vol 94, pg 453, 2016) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Ennen, Joshua R.; Hazzard, Sarah C.] Tennessee Aquarium, Tennessee Aquarium Conservat Inst, 201 Chestnut St, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Agha, Mickey] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Matamoros, Wilfredo A.] Univ Ciencias & Artes Chiapas, Fac Ciencias Biol, Museo Zool, Apartado Postal 29000, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico. [Lovich, Jeffrey E.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Ennen, JR (reprint author), Tennessee Aquarium, Tennessee Aquarium Conservat Inst, 201 Chestnut St, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. EM jre@tnaqua.org NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 94 IS 12 BP 885 EP 885 DI 10.1139/cjz-2016-0257 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EF4RW UT WOS:000390320700008 ER PT J AU Hsueh, YH Chambers, JL Krauss, KW Allen, ST Keim, RF AF Hsueh, Yu-Hsin Chambers, Jim L. Krauss, Ken W. Allen, Scott T. Keim, Richard F. TI Hydrologic exchanges and baldcypress water use on deltaic hummocks, Louisiana, USA SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE tidal wetland; coastal swamp; Taxodium distichum; saline flooding; water use; microtopography; sea-level rise ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; TAXODIUM-DISTICHUM SEEDLINGS; RATIO INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SOIL REDOX CONDITIONS; FRESH-WATER; SOUTH-CAROLINA; COASTAL LOUISIANA; FLOOD-TOLERANT; ROOT PRODUCTIVITY; FORESTED WETLANDS AB Coastal forested hummocks support clusters of trees in the saltwater-freshwater transition zone. To examine how hummocks support trees in mesohaline sites that are beyond physiological limits of the trees, we used salinity and stable isotopes (H-2 and O-18) of water as tracers to understand water fluxes in hummocks and uptake by baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.), which is the most abundant tree species in coastal freshwater forests of the southeastern U.S. Hummocks were always partially submerged and were completely submerged 1 to 8% of the time during the two studied growing seasons, in association with high water in the estuary. Salinity, delta O-18, and delta H-2 varied more in the shallow open water than in groundwater. Surface water and shallow groundwater were similar to throughfall in isotopic composition, which suggested dominance by rainfall. Salinity of groundwater in hummocks increased with depth, was higher than in swales, and fluctuated little over time. Isotopic composition of xylem water in baldcypress was similar to the vadose zone and unlike other measured sources, indicating that trees preferentially use unsaturated hummock tops as refugia from higher salinity and saturated soil in swales and the lower portions of hummocks. Sustained upward gradients of salinity from groundwater to surface water and vadose water, and low variation in groundwater salinity and isotopic composition, suggested long residence time, limited exchange with surface water, and that the shallow subsurface of hummocks is characterized by episodic salinization and slow dilution. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Hsueh, Yu-Hsin; Chambers, Jim L.; Allen, Scott T.; Keim, Richard F.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Krauss, Ken W.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Keim, RF (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM rkeim@lsu.edu FU George M. Wright Climate Change Fellowship; Lucius W. Gilbert Foundation; USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program; National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture [LAB94181] FX The work was funded by George M. Wright Climate Change Fellowship, Lucius W. Gilbert Foundation, the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program, and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award LAB94181. The authors are grateful to Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve for access to the site. Ryan Stewart provided valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The authors thank Brandon Edwards for his technical and field assistance; Julie Whitbeck for her help with the park; Holly Barnard for her assistance in distillation; Richard Day and Andrew From for maintaining the continuous site water level recorder; and Sairah Javed, Chieko Hunter, Sanjeev Joshi, Kuang-chi Hung, April Newman, Marcus Rutherford, Kaci Fisher, and Erin Johnson for field assistance. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD DEC PY 2016 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1452 EP 1463 DI 10.1002/eco.1738 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA EF0NR UT WOS:000390023000003 ER PT J AU Slack, JF Corriveau, L Hitzman, MW AF Slack, John F. Corriveau, Louise Hitzman, Murray W. TI A Special Issue Devoted to Proterozoic Iron Oxide-Apatite (+/- REE) and Iron Oxide Copper-Gold and Affiliated Deposits of Southeast Missouri, USA, and the Great Bear Magmatic Zone, Northwest Territories, Canada SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ST-FRANCOIS MOUNTAINS; HOTTAH TERRANE; GAWLER CRATON; WOPMAY OROGEN; MAGNETITE-APATITE; KIRUNA-TYPE; U-PB; MINERALIZATION; CONSTRAINTS; CU C1 [Slack, John F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Corriveau, Louise] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Hitzman, Murray W.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Slack, John F.] US Geol Survey, Farmington, CT 04938 USA. [Hitzman, Murray W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 102, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Slack, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA.; Slack, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Farmington, CT 04938 USA. EM jfslack@usgs.gov NR 82 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 111 IS 8 SI SI BP 1803 EP 1814 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EF3VH UT WOS:000390252500001 ER PT J AU Day, WC Slack, JF Ayuso, RA Seeger, CM AF Day, Warren C. Slack, John F. Ayuso, Robert A. Seeger, Cheryl M. TI Regional Geologic and Petrologic Framework for Iron Oxide +/- Apatite +/- Rare Earth Element and Iron Oxide Copper-Gold Deposits of the Mesoproterozoic St. Francois Mountains Terrane, Southeast Missouri, USA SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SILICATE LIQUID IMMISCIBILITY; BEAR MAGMATIC ZONE; A-TYPE GRANITES; GRENVILLE PROVINCE; MAGNETITE-APATITE; KIRUNA-TYPE; PROTEROZOIC TERRANE; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; ISOTOPE EVIDENCE; BASEMENT ROCKS AB This paper provides an overview on the genesis of Mesoproterozoic igneous rocks and associated iron oxide +/- apatite (IOA) +/- rare earth element, iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG), and iron-rich sedimentary deposits in the St. Francois Mountains terrane of southeast Missouri, USA. The St. Francois Mountains terrane lies along the southeastern margin of Laurentia as part of the eastern granite-rhyolite province. The province formed during two major pulses of igneous activity: (1) an older early Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1.50-1.44 Ga) episode of volcanism and granite plutonism, and (2) a younger middle Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1.33-1.30 Ga) episode of bimodal gabbro and granite plutonism. The volcanic rocks are predominantly high-silica rhyolite pyroclastic flows, volcanogenic breccias, and associated volcanogenic sediments with lesser amounts of basaltic to andesitic volcanic and associated subvolcanic intrusive rocks. The iron oxide deposits are all hosted in the early Mesoproterozoic volcanic and volcaniclastic sequences. Previous studies have characterized the St. Francois Mountains terrane as a classic, A-type within-plate granitic terrane. However, our new whole-rock geochemical data indicate that the felsic volcanic rocks are effusive derivatives from multicomponent source types, having compositional similarities to A-type within-plate granites as well as to S-and I-type granites generated in an arc setting. In addition, the volcanic-hosted IOA and IOCG deposits occur within bimodal volcanic sequences, some of which have volcanic arc geochemical affinities, suggesting an extensional tectonic setting during volcanism prior to emplacement of the ore-forming systems. The Missouri iron orebodies are magmatic-related hydrothermal deposits that, when considered in aggregate, display a vertical zonation from high-temperature, magmatic +/- hydrothermal IOA deposits emplaced at moderate depths (similar to 1-2 km), to magnetite-dominant IOA veins and IOCG deposits emplaced at shallow subvolcanic depths. The shallowest parts of these systems include near-surface, iron oxide-only replacement deposits, surficial epithermal sediment-hosted replacement deposits, synsedimentary ironstone deposits, and Mn-rich exhalite deposits. Alteration associated with the IOA and IOCG mineralizing systems of the host volcanic rocks dominantly produced potassic with lesser amounts of calcic-and sodic-rich mineral assemblages. No deposits are known to be hosted in granite, implying that the mineralizing systems were operative during a relatively short, postvolcanic period yet prior to intrusion of the granitoids. Companion studies in this special issue on mineral chemistry, stable isotopes, and iron isotopes suggest that the magnetite within the IOA deposits formed from high-temperature fluids of magmatic or magmatic-hydrothermal origin. However, the data do not discriminate between a magmatic-hydrothermal source fluid exsolved from an Fe-rich immiscible liquid or an Fe-rich silicate magma. Mineral chemical, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope data from these new studies record the effects of metasomatic fluids that interacted with crustal reservoirs such as volcanic rocks or seawater. C1 [Day, Warren C.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 973, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Slack, John F.; Ayuso, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Seeger, Cheryl M.] Missouri Geol Survey, Missouri Dept Nat Resources, POB 250, Rolla, MO 65402 USA. RP Day, WC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 973, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM wday@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program; Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Missouri Geological Survey (MGS) FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Missouri Geological Survey (MGS). Early discussions with Eva Kisvarsanyi (MGS) on regional geology and ore deposits of the St. Francois Mountains terrane were extremely valuable and led to a deeper understanding of the complexities of this region. Geologic field and logistical support provided by Molly Starkey (MGS) is greatly appreciated, as is the geospatial computer assistance of John Horton (USGS). We wish to thank John Jackson (USGS) for his X-ray diffraction data and interpretations. Constructive and insightful reviews by Ulf B. Andersson, Louise Corriveau, Edward du Bray, Murray W. Hitzman, and John L. Nold greatly improved the manuscript. NR 162 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 12 U2 12 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 111 IS 8 SI SI BP 1825 EP 1858 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EF3VH UT WOS:000390252500003 ER PT J AU McCafferty, AE Phillips, JD Driscoll, RL AF McCafferty, Anne E. Phillips, Jeffrey D. Driscoll, Rhonda L. TI Magnetic and Gravity Gradiometry Framework for Mesoproterozoic Iron Oxide-Apatite and Iron Oxide-Copper-Gold Deposits, Southeast Missouri SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; PROMINENT HILL; GAWLER CRATON; OLYMPIC DAM; AUSTRALIA; CONSTRAINTS; CANDELARIA; DISTRICT; BASEMENT; PROVINCE AB High-resolution airborne magnetic and gravity gradiometry data provide the geophysical framework for evaluating the exploration potential of hidden iron oxide deposits in Mesoproterozoic basement rocks of southeast Missouri. The data are used to calculate mineral prospectivity for iron oxide-apatite (IOA) +/- rare earth element (REE) and iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposits. Results delineate the geophysical footprints of all known iron oxide deposits and reveal several previously unrecognized prospective areas. The airborne data are also inverted to three-dimensional density and magnetic susceptibility models over four concealed deposits at Pea Ridge (IOA +/- REE), Boss (IOCG), Kratz Spring (IOA), and Bourbon (IOCG). The Pea Ridge susceptibility model shows a magnetic source that is vertically extensive and traceable to a depth of greater than 2 km. A smaller density source, located within the shallow Precambrian basement, is partly coincident with the magnetic source at Pea Ridge. In contrast, the Boss models show a large (625-m-wide), vertically extensive, and coincident dense and magnetic stock with shallower adjacent lobes that extend more than 2,600 m across the shallow Precambrian paleosurface. The Kratz Spring deposit appears to be a smaller volume of iron oxides and is characterized by lower density and less magnetic rock compared to the other iron deposits. A prospective area identified south of the Kratz Spring deposit shows the largest volume of coincident dense and nonmagnetic rock in the subsurface, and is interpreted as prospective for a hematite-dominant lithology that extends from the top of the Precambrian to depths exceeding 2 km. The Bourbon deposit displays a large bowl-shaped volume of coincident high density and high-magnetic susceptibility rock, and a geometry that suggests the iron mineralization is vertically restricted to the upper parts of the Precambrian basement. In order to underpin the evaluation of the prospectivity and three-dimensional models, an extensive statistical summary of density and apparent magnetic susceptibility measurements is presented that includes data on several hundred samples taken from the deposits, altered wall rocks, and unaltered country rocks. C1 [McCafferty, Anne E.; Phillips, Jeffrey D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Driscoll, Rhonda L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP McCafferty, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM anne@usgs.gov NR 96 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 3 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 111 IS 8 SI SI BP 1859 EP 1882 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EF3VH UT WOS:000390252500004 ER PT J AU Aleinikoff, JN Selby, D Slack, JF Day, WC Pillers, RM Cosca, MA Seeger, CM Fanning, CM Samson, IM AF Aleinikoff, J. N. Selby, D. Slack, J. F. Day, W. C. Pillers, R. M. Cosca, M. A. Seeger, C. M. Fanning, C. M. Samson, I. M. TI U-Pb, Re-Os, and Ar/Ar Geochronology of Rare Earth Element (REE)-Rich Breccia Pipes and Associated Host Rocks from the Mesoproterozoic Pea Ridge Fe-REE-Au Deposit, St. Francois Mountains, Missouri SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL CALIBRATION; SOUTHEASTERN MISSOURI; ICP-MS; MONAZITE; XENOTIME; MOLYBDENITE; COMPLEX; ZIRCON; SHRIMP; AGES AB Rare earth element (REE)-rich breccia pipes (600,000 t @ 12% rare earth oxides) are preserved along the margins of the 136-million metric ton (Mt) Pea Ridge magnetite-apatite deposit, within Mesoproterozoic (similar to 1.47 Ga) volcanic-plutonic rocks of the St. Francois Mountains terrane in southeastern Missouri, United States. The breccia pipes cut the rhyolite-hosted magnetite deposit and contain clasts of nearly all local bedrock and mineralized lithologies. Grains of monazite and xenotime were extracted from breccia pipe samples for SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology; both minerals were also dated in one polished thin section. Monazite forms two morphologies: (1) matrix granular grains composed of numerous small (<50 mu m) crystallites intergrown with rare xenotime, thorite, apatite, and magnetite; and (2) coarse euhedral, glassy, bright-yellow grains similar to typical igneous or metamorphic monazite. Trace element abundances (including REE patterns) were determined on selected grains of monazite (both morphologies) and xenotime. Zircon grains from two samples of host rhyolite and two late felsic dikes collected underground at Pea Ridge were also dated. Additional geochronology done on breccia pipe minerals includes Re-Os on fine-grained molybdenite and Ar-40/Ar-39 on muscovite, biotite, and K-feldspar. Ages (+/- 2 sigma errors) obtained by SHRIMP U-Pb analysis are as follows: (1) zircon from the two host rhyolite samples have ages of 1473.6 +/- 8.0 and 1472.7 +/- 5.6 Ma; most zircon in late felsic dikes is interpreted as xenocrystic (age range ca. 1522-1455 Ma); a population of rare spongy zircon is likely of igneous origin and yields an age of 1441 +/- 9 Ma; (2) pale-yellow granular monazite-1464.9 +/- 3.3 Ma (no dated xenotime); (3) reddish matrix granular monazite-1462.0 +/- 3.5 Ma and associated xenotime-1453 +/- 11 Ma; (4) coarse glassy-yellow monazite-1464.8 +/- 2.1, 1461.7 +/- 3.7 Ma, with rims at 1447.2 +/- 4.7 Ma; and (5) matrix monazite (in situ)-1464.1 +/- 3.6 and 1454.6 +/- 9.6 Ma, and matrix xenotime (in situ)-1468.0 +/- 8.0 Ma. Two slightly older ages of cores are about 1478 Ma. The young age of rims on the coarse glassy monazite coincides with an Re-Os age of 1440.6 +/- 9.2 Ma determined in this study for molybdenite intergrown with quartz and allanite, and with the age of monazite inclusions in apatite from the magnetite ore (Neymark et al., 2016). A Ar-40/Ar-39 age of 1473 +/- 1 Ma was obtained for muscovite from a breccia pipe sample. Geochronology and trace element geochemical data suggest that the granular matrix monazite and xenotime (in polygonal texture), and cores of coarse glassy monazite precipitated from hydrothermal fluids during breccia pipes formation at about 1465 Ma. The second episode of mineral growth at ca. 1443 Ma may be related to faulting and fluid flow that rebrecciated the pipes. The ca. 10-m. y. gap between the ages of host volcanic rocks and breccia pipe monazite and xenotime suggests that breccia pipe mineral formation cannot be related to the felsic magmatism represented by the rhyolitic volcanic rocks, and hence is linked to a different magmatic-hydrothermal system. C1 [Aleinikoff, J. N.; Day, W. C.; Pillers, R. M.; Cosca, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Selby, D.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Slack, J. F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Seeger, C. M.] Missouri Dept Nat Resources, Rolla, MO 65402 USA. [Fanning, C. M.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Samson, I. M.] Univ Windsor, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. RP Aleinikoff, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jaleinikoff@usgs.gov NR 76 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 6 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 111 IS 8 SI SI BP 1883 EP 1914 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EF3VH UT WOS:000390252500005 ER PT J AU Neymark, LA Holm-Denoma, CS Pietruszka, AJ Aleinikoff, JN Fanning, CM Pillers, RM Moscati, RJ AF Neymark, L. A. Holm-Denoma, C. S. Pietruszka, A. J. Aleinikoff, J. N. Fanning, C. M. Pillers, R. M. Moscati, R. J. TI High Spatial Resolution U-Pb Geochronology and Pb Isotope Geochemistry of Magnetite-Apatite Ore from the Pea Ridge Iron Oxide-Apatite Deposit, St. Francois Mountains, Southeast Missouri, USA SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROCKS; MONAZITE; AGES; LEAD; ZIRCON; PROVINCE; SYSTEMATICS; CONSTRAINTS; EVOLUTION; CANADA AB The Pea Ridge iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposit is one of the major rhyolite-hosted magnetite deposits of the St. Francois Mountains terrane, which is located within the Mesoproterozoic (1.5-1.3 Ga) Granite-Rhyolite province in the U.S. Midcontinent. Precise and accurate determination of the timing and duration of ore-forming processes in this deposit is crucial for understanding its origin and placing it within a deposit-scale and regional geologic context. Apatite and monazite, well-established U-Pb mineral geochronometers, are abundant in the Pea Ridge orebody. However, the potential presence of multiple generations of dateable minerals, processes of dissolution-reprecipitation, and occurrence of micrometer-sized intergrowths and inclusions complicate measurements and interpretations of the geochronological results. Here, we employ a combination of several techniques, including ID-TIMS and high spatial resolution geochronology of apatite and monazite using LA-SC-ICPMS and SHRIMP, and Pb isotope geochemistry of pyrite and magnetite to obtain the first direct age constraints on the formation and alteration history of the Pea Ridge IOA deposit. The oldest apatite TIMS Pb-207*/Pb-206* dates are 1471 +/- 1 and 1468 +/- 1 Ma, slightly younger than (but within error of) the similar to 1474 to similar to 1473 Ma U-Pb zircon ages of the host rhyolites. Dating of apatite and monazite inclusions within apatite provides evidence for at least one younger metasomatic event at similar to 1.44 Ga, and possibly multiple superimposed metasomatic events between 1.47 and 1.44 Ga. Lead isotop analyses of pyrite show extremely radiogenic Pb-206/Pb-204 ratios up to similar to 80 unsupported by in situ U decay. This excess radiogenic Pb in pyrite may have been derived from the spatially associated apatite as apatite recrystallized several tens of million years after its formation. The low initial 206Pb/204Pb ratio of similar to 16.5 and Pb-207/Pb-204 ratio of similar to 15.4 for individual magnetite grains indicate closed U-Pb system behavior in this mineral and are consistent with derivation of the Pb from a mantle-like source. C1 [Neymark, L. A.; Holm-Denoma, C. S.; Pietruszka, A. J.; Aleinikoff, J. N.; Pillers, R. M.; Moscati, R. J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fanning, C. M.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Neymark, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM lneymark@usgs.gov NR 87 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 8 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 111 IS 8 SI SI BP 1915 EP 1933 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EF3VH UT WOS:000390252500006 ER PT J AU Ayuso, RA Slack, JF Day, WC McCafferty, AE AF Ayuso, Robert A. Slack, John F. Day, Warren C. McCafferty, Anne E. TI Geochemistry, Nd-Pb Isotopes, and Pb-Pb Ages of the Mesoproterozoic Pea Ridge Iron Oxide-Apatite-Rare Earth Element Deposit, Southeast Missouri SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ST-FRANCOIS MOUNTAINS; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; PROTEROZOIC TERRANE; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; IMMOBILE ELEMENTS; MAFIC ROCKS; USA; DISCRIMINATION; PETROGENESIS; MOBILITY AB Iron oxide-apatite and iron oxide-copper-gold deposits occur within similar to 1.48 to 1.47 Ga volcanic rocks of the St. Francois Mountains terrane near a regional boundary separating crustal blocks having contrasting depletedmantle Sm-Nd model ages (T-DM). Major and trace element analyses and Nd and Pb isotope data were obtained to characterize the Pea Ridge deposit, improve identification of exploration targets, and better understand the regional distribution of mineralization with respect to crustal blocks. The Pea Ridge deposit is spatially associated with felsic volcanic rocks and plutons. Mafic to intermediate-composition rocks are volumetrically minor. Data for major element variations are commonly scattered and strongly suggest element mobility. Ratios of relatively immobile elements indicate that the felsic rocks are evolved subalkaline dacite and rhyolite; the mafic rocks are basalt to basaltic andesite. Granites and rhyolites display geochemical features typical of rocks produced by subduction. Rare earth element (REE) variations for the rhyolites are diagnostic of rocks affected by hydrothermal alteration and associated REE mineralization. The magnetite-rich rocks and REE-rich breccias show similar REE and mantle-normalized trace element patterns. Nd isotope compositions (age corrected) show that: (1) host rhyolites have epsilon(Nd) from 3.44 to 4.25 and T-DM from 1.51 to 1.59 Ga; (2) magnetite ore and specular hematite rocks display epsilon(Nd) from 3.04 to 4.21and T-DM from 1.6 to 1.51 Ga, and epsilon(Nd) from 2.23 to 2.81, respectively; (3) REE-rich breccias have epsilon(Nd) from 3.04 to 4.11 and TDM from 1.6 to 1.51 Ga; and (4) mafic to intermediate-composition rocks range in epsilon(Nd) from 2.35 to 3.66 and in TDM from 1.66 to 1.56. The epsilon(Nd) values of the magnetite and specular hematite samples show that the REE mineralization is magmatic; no evidence exists for major overprinting by younger, crustal meteoric fluids, or by externally derived Nd. Host rocks, breccias, and magnetite ore shared a common origin from a similar source. Lead isotope ratios are diverse: (1) host rhyolite has Pb-206/Pb-204 from 24.261 to 50.091; (2) Pea Ridge and regional galenas have Pb-206/Pb-204 from 16.030 to 33.548; (3) REE-rich breccia, magnetite ore, and specular hematite rock are more radiogenic than galena; (4) REE-rich breccias have high Pb-206/Pb-204 (38.122-1277.61) compared to host rhyolites; and (5) REE-rich breccias are more radiogenic than magnetite ore and specularhematite rock, having Pb-206/Pb-204 up to 230.65. Radiogenic Pb-207/Pb-206 age estimates suggest the following: (1) rhyolitic host rocks have ages of similar to 1.50 Ga, (2) magnetite ore is similar to 1.44 Ga, and (3) REE-rich breccias are similar to 1.48 Ga. These estimates are broadly consistent and genetically link the host rhyolite, REE-rich breccia, and magnetite ore as being contemporaneous. Alteration style and mineralogical or textural distinctions among the magnetite-rich rocks and REE-rich breccias do not correlate with different isotopic sources. In our model, magmatic fluids leached metals from the coeval felsic rocks (rhyolites), which provided the metal source reflected in the compositions of the REE-rich breccias and mineralized rocks. This model allows for the likelihood of contributions from other genetically related felsic and intermediate to more mafic rocks stored deeper in the crust. The deposit thus records an origin as a magmatic-hydrothermal system that was not affected by Nd and Pb remobilization processes, particularly if these processes also triggered mixing with externally sourced metal-bearing fluids. The Pea Ridge deposit was part of a single, widespread, homogeneous mixing system that produced a uniform isotopic composition, thus representing an excellent example of an igneous-dominated system that generated coeval magmatism and REE mineralization. Geochemical features suggest that components in the Pea Ridge deposit originated from sources in an orogenic margin. Basaltic magmatism produced by mantle decompression melting provided heat for extracting melts from the middle or lower crust. Continual addition of mafic magmas to the base of the subcontinental lithosphere, in a back-arc setting, remelted calc-alkaline rocks enriched in metals that were stored in the crust. The St. Francois Mountains terrane is adjacent to the regional T-DM line (defined at a value of 1.55 Ga) that separates similar to 1600 Ma basement to the west, from younger basements to the east. Data for Pea Ridge straddle the TDM values proposed for the line. The Sm-Nd isotope system has been closed since formation of the deposit and the original igneous signatures have not been affected by cycles of alteration or superimposed mineralizing events. No evidence exists for externally derived Nd or Sm. The source region for metals within the Pea Ridge deposit had a moderate compositional variation and the REE-rich breccias and mineralized rocks are generally isotopically homogeneous. The Pea Ridge deposit thus constitutes a distinctive isotopic target for use as a model in identifying other mineralized systems that may share the same metal source in the St. Francois Mountains terrane and elsewhere in the eastern Granite-Rhyolite province. C1 [Ayuso, Robert A.; Slack, John F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Day, Warren C.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [McCafferty, Anne E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ayuso, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rayuso@usgs.gov NR 90 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 4 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 111 IS 8 SI SI BP 1935 EP 1962 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EF3VH UT WOS:000390252500007 ER PT J AU Harlov, DE Meighan, CJ Kerr, ID Samson, IM AF Harlov, Daniel E. Meighan, Corey J. Kerr, Ian D. Samson, Iain M. TI Mineralogy, Chemistry, and Fluid-Aided Evolution of the Pea Ridge Fe Oxide-(Y plus REE) Deposit, Southeast Missouri, USA SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; ELECTRON-MICROPROBE ANALYSIS; MAGNETITE-APATITE DEPOSITS; KIRUNA-TYPE; CENTRAL IRAN; IRON-ORES; (Y+REE)-PHOSPHATE MINERALS; EXPERIMENTAL CALIBRATION; REPLACEMENT REACTIONS; INDUCED NUCLEATION AB The Kiruna-type Pea Ridge iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposit is hosted by a sequence of 1.47 Ga rhyolite tuffs of the St. Francois Mountains, southeast Missouri, USA. It consists of a series of altered zones composed mainly of amphibole, magnetite, hematite, and quartz, together with the presence of several rare earth element (Y + REE)-rich breccia pipes. In many cases, the fluorapatite within these zones is rich in inclusions of monazite, iron oxide, and quartz inclusions, plus minor xenotime. Monazite and minor xenotime are also found intergrown as inclusions in the fluorapatite, as well as in surrounding recrystallized magnetite and hematite in the magnetite ore. Monazite and xenotime typically occur as inclusions within both oxides. Monazite-(Ce) and xenotime( Y) are both relatively poor (<2 wt %) in ThO2 and UO2. No significant compositional differences exist in the (Y + REE) chemistry between monazite and xenotime inclusions in fluorapatite compared to grains intergrown with magnetite and hematite, suggesting that these two REE-rich minerals are cogenetic. Monazite-xenotime geothermometry and geochronology of monazite inclusions in fluorapatite provide evidence that formation/remobilization of the (Y + REE) phosphates took place at ca. 50 degrees to 400 degrees C, approximately 5 to 10 m.y. after emplacement of the main iron oxide-phosphate orebody. Evidence from field relationships and fluid inclusion chemistry, together with the massive recrystallization and remobilization of fluorapatite, monazite, xenotime, and iron oxides at Pea Ridge, suggest a subvolcanic origin coupled with a strong metasomatic reworking of the IOA deposit. C1 [Harlov, Daniel E.] Deutches GeoForschungsZentrum, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Harlov, Daniel E.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Geol, POB 524, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. [Meighan, Corey J.] US Geol Survey, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kerr, Ian D.; Samson, Iain M.] Univ Windsor, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Kerr, Ian D.] Ontario Minist Environm & Climate Change, 733 Exeter Rd, London, ON N6E 1L3, Canada. RP Harlov, DE (reprint author), Deutches GeoForschungsZentrum, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.; Harlov, DE (reprint author), Univ Johannesburg, Dept Geol, POB 524, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. EM dharlov@gfz-potsdam.de FU NSERC FX Dieter Rhede is thanked for his extensive and knowledgeable help with the electron microprobe analyses of the samples at the GeoForschungsZentrum. NSERC is thanked for helping to fund this project. Cheryl Seeger is thanked for invaluable help in the field and discussions regarding Pea Ridge. Gary Davidson and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for their initial review of the manuscript. John Slack and Louise Corriveau are thanked for their editorial work on the manuscript. The hard work of both the reviewers and the editors has gone a long way in helping to improve the original manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 98 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 3 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 111 IS 8 SI SI BP 1963 EP 1984 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EF3VH UT WOS:000390252500008 ER PT J AU Hofstra, AH Meighan, CJ Song, XY Samson, I Marsh, EE Lowers, HA Emsbo, P Hunt, AG AF Hofstra, Albert H. Meighan, Corey J. Song, Xinyu Samson, Iain Marsh, Erin E. Lowers, Heather A. Emsbo, Poul Hunt, Andrew G. TI Mineral Thermometry and Fluid Inclusion Studies of the Pea Ridge Iron Oxide-Apatite-Rare Earth Element Deposit, Mesoproterozoic St. Francois Mountains Terrane, Southeast Missouri, USA SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NOBLE-GAS ISOTOPE; VIBURNUM TREND; BONNETERRE DOLOMITE; MULTIPLE FLUIDS; NUMERICAL-MODEL; UNITED-STATES; ORE GENESIS; QUARTZ; ROCKS; LEAD AB Mineral thermometry and fluid inclusion studies were conducted on variably altered and mineralized samples from the Mesoproterozoic Pea Ridge iron oxide-apatite (IOA)-rare earth element (REE) deposit in order to constrain P-T conditions, fluid chemistry, and the source of salt and volatiles during early magnetite and later REE mineralization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-cathodoluminescence and SEM-backscatter electron images show that quartz and rutile precipitated before, during, and after magnetite and REE mineral growth. Ti-in-quartz and Zr-in-rutile equilibration temperatures range from <= 350 degrees to 750 degrees C in the amphibole, magnetite, hematite, and silicified zones where T increased during magnetite and quartz growth and dropped precipitously after fracturing and brecciation. Late drusy quartz cements within a REE-rich breccia pipe record the lowest T (<= 315 degrees-400 degrees C). Liquid-, vapor-rich, and hypersaline (+/- hematite, calcite) fluid inclusions are common and liquid CO2 is present locally. Salinities define three populations: saline (10-27 wt % NaCl equiv), hypersaline (34-> 60 wt % NaCl equiv), and dilute (0-10 wt % NaCl equiv). The wide range of eutectic melting temperatures (-67 degrees to -19 degrees C) suggests that saline inclusions trapped variable proportions of a CaCl-MgCl-FeCl-bearing fluid end member and an NaCl-KCl fluid end member. Homogenization temperatures and pressures of these saline inclusions suggest they were trapped when fluids unmixed into brine and vapor at T < 350 degrees C, P < 15 MPa, and a depth of similar to 1.5 km. Hypersaline inclusions were trapped at low T and P (similar to 200 degrees C and similar to 1 MPa) along the V + L + H curve when the system vented to the paleosurface. Data for dilute inclusions in late drusy quartz from the REE-rich breccia pipe are indicative of a boiling epithermal environment. The Na/Cl, Na/K, and Cl/Br ratios of fluid inclusion extracts provide evidence for mixtures of magmatic hydrothermal fluids and evaporated seawater. Extracts from magnetite, hematite, and pyrite plot in the magmatic- hydrothermal field, indicating that Fe was derived from a magmatic source. Their enrichments in Mg and Ca are consistent with a mafic magmatic source. The positive correlation between Na/Mg and Na/Ca ratios may be due to halite saturation or albitization of igneous rocks. Extracts from barite in the REE-rich breccia pipes are enriched in Na and Br and plot near the seawater evaporation trend. He is highly enriched relative to Ne and Ar in fluid inclusion extracts, which precludes air as a source of He. Although the He is mostly of crustal origin, pyrite with a He-3/He-4 (R/R-A) of 0.1 contains up to 12% mantle He. Many extracts have low Ne-20/Ne-22 ratios due to nucleogenic production of Ne-22 in high F/O minerals such as fluorapatite or F biotite. The arrays of data for He-3/He-4 (R/R-A) and Ne-22/Ne-20 suggest that volatiles were derived from two sources, a moderate F mafic magma containing mantle He and a high F silicic magma with crustal He. Together with other evidence cited in this report, these data (1) support a magmatic hydrothermal origin for the Mesoproterozoic magnetite-apatite deposit with ore fluids derived from a concealed mafic to intermediate-composition intrusion, (2) suggest that the REE minerals in breccia pipes were either derived from apatite or precipitated in response to decompression and cooling during breccia pipe formation, (3) provide evidence for the influx of basinal brine, magmatic fluids from granitic intrusions, and meteoric water after breccia pipe formation, and (4) show that Pea Ridge was relatively unaffected by the late Paleozoic Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Pb-Zn system in overlying Cambrian sedimentary rocks. C1 [Hofstra, Albert H.; Meighan, Corey J.; Marsh, Erin E.; Lowers, Heather A.; Emsbo, Poul; Hunt, Andrew G.] US Geol Survey, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Song, Xinyu; Samson, Iain] Univ Windsor, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. RP Hofstra, AH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ahofstra@usgs.gov FU P.M. Theodorakos (USGS) FX We thank our colleagues at the U.S. Geological Survey (J.F. Slack, A.E. McCafferty, W.C. Day, J.N. Aleinikoff, L.A. Neymark, C.A. Johnson, R.A. Ayuso, C.N. Mercer), Missouri Geological Survey (C.M. Seeger, M.A. Starkey), Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (D. Harlov), and Colorado School of Mines (M.W. Hitzman) for thought-provoking discussions. Doe Run Corporation provided access to drill core. This report would not have been possible without the analytical support provided by P.M. Theodorakos (USGS). M.R. Hudson (USGS) clarified paleomagnetic considerations. The manuscript benefited from reviews by D. A. Banks, an anonymous referee, and the guest editors. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 89 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 6 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 111 IS 8 SI SI BP 1985 EP 2016 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EF3VH UT WOS:000390252500009 ER PT J AU Johnson, CA Day, WC Rye, RO AF Johnson, Craig A. Day, Warren C. Rye, Robert O. TI Oxygen, Hydrogen, Sulfur, and Carbon Isotopes in the Pea Ridge Magnetite-Apatite Deposit, Southeast Missouri, and Sulfur Isotope Comparisons to Other Iron Deposits in the Region SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ST-FRANCOIS MOUNTAINS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; OLYMPIC DAM; SULFATE MINERALS; BASEMENT ROCKS; FRACTIONATION; OXIDE; WATER AB Oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and carbon isotopes have been analyzed in the Pea Ridge magnetite-apatite deposit, the largest historic producer among the known iron deposits in the southeast Missouri portion of the 1.5 to 1.3 Ga eastern granite-rhyolite province. The data were collected to investigate the sources of ore fluids, conditions of ore formation, and provenance of sulfur, and to improve the general understanding of the copper, gold, and rare earth element potential of iron deposits regionally. The delta O-18 values of Pea Ridge magnetite are 1.9 to 4.0%, consistent with a model in which some magnetite crystallized from a melt and other magnetite-perhaps the majority-precipitated from an aqueous fluid of magmatic origin. The delta O-18 values of quartz, apatite, actinolite, K-feldspar, sulfates, and calcite are significantly higher, enough so as to indicate growth or equilibration under cooler conditions than magnetite and/or in the presence of a fluid that was not entirely magmatic. A variety of observations, including stable isotope observations, implicate a second fluid that may ultimately have been meteoric in origin and may have been modified by isotopic exchange with rocks or by evaporation during storage in lakes. Sulfur isotope analyses of sulfides from Pea Ridge and seven other mineral deposits in the region reveal two distinct populations that average 3 and 13%. Two sulfur sources are implied. One was probably igneous melts or rocks belonging to the mafic-to intermediate-composition volcanic suite that is present at or near most of the iron deposits; the other was either melts or volcanic rocks that had degassed very extensively, or else volcanic lakes that had trapped rising magmatic gases. The higher delta S-34 values correspond to deposits or prospects where copper is noteworthy-the Central Dome portion of the Boss deposit, the Bourbon deposit, and the Vilander prospective area. The correspondence suggests that (1) sulfur either limited the deposition of copper or was cotransported with copper, and (2) sulfur isotope analysis may be useful in evaluating southeast Missouri iron deposits for copper and possibly for gold. C1 [Johnson, Craig A.; Rye, Robert O.] US Geol Survey, MS 963,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Day, Warren C.] US Geol Survey, MS 973,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Johnson, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 963,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cjohnso@usgs.gov FU Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX We are grateful to Cayce Gulbransen, Matt Emmons, and Bill Benzel for expert work in the laboratory, to Cheryl Seeger, Molly Starkey, and Patrick Scheel of the Missouri Geological Survey for assistance, to U.S. Geological Survey colleagues John Aleinikoff, Robert Ayuso, Poul Emsbo, Al Hofstra, Anne McCafferty, Corey Meighan, Celeste Mercer, and John Slack for discussions, and to John Nold of the University of Central Missouri for samples and discussions. Louise Corriveau, Geordie Mark, Bob Seal, John Slack, and Bruce Taylor provided thorough and helpful reviews. Funding was provided by the Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 109 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 4 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 111 IS 8 SI SI BP 2017 EP 2032 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EF3VH UT WOS:000390252500010 ER PT J AU Childress, TM Simon, AC Day, WC Lundstrom, CC Bindeman, IN AF Childress, Tristan M. Simon, Adam C. Day, Warren C. Lundstrom, Craig C. Bindeman, Ilya N. TI Iron and Oxygen Isotope Signatures of the Pea Ridge and Pilot Knob Magnetite-Apatite Deposits, Southeast Missouri, USA SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ST-FRANCOIS MOUNTAINS; KIRUNA-TYPE; TERRANE; SOLUBILITY; SYSTEMS; ORIGIN; FRACTIONATION; 800-DEGREES-C; TEMPERATURES; EVOLUTION AB New O and Fe stable isotope ratios are reported for magnetite samples from high-grade massive magnetite of the Mesoproterozoic Pea Ridge and Pilot Knob magnetite-apatite ore deposits and these results are compared with data for other iron oxide-apatite deposits to shed light on the origin of the southeast Missouri deposits. The delta O-18 values of magnetite from Pea Ridge (n = 12) and Pilot Knob (n = 3) range from 1.0 to 7.0 and 3.3 to 6.7%, respectively. The delta Fe-56 values of magnetite from Pea Ridge (n = 10) and Pilot Knob (n = 6) are 0.03 to 0.35 and 0.06 to 0.27%, respectively. These delta O-18 and the delta Fe-56 values suggest that magnetite crystallized from a silicate melt (typical igneous delta Fe-56 ranges 0.06-0.49%) and grew in equilibrium with a magmatic-hydrothermal aqueous fluid. We propose that the delta O-18 and delta Fe-56 data for the Pea Ridge and Pilot Knob magnetite-apatite deposits are consistent with the flotation model recently proposed by Knipping et al. (2015a), which invokes flotation of a magmatic magnetite-fluid suspension and offers a plausible explanation for the igneous (i.e., up to similar to 15.9 wt % TiO2 in magnetite) and hydrothermal features of the deposits. C1 [Childress, Tristan M.; Simon, Adam C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 1100 North Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Day, Warren C.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lundstrom, Craig C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, 605 E Springfield Ave, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Bindeman, Ilya N.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, 1275 E 13th Ave, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Childress, TM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 1100 North Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM tristanc@umich.edu FU Society of Economic Geologists Student Grant Program; University of Michigan Earth & Environmental Sciences Turner Student Research Fund; University of Michigan Rackham Graduate School; NSF EAR [1250239, 1264560] FX Childress acknowledges funding from the Society of Economic Geologists Student Grant Program, the University of Michigan Earth & Environmental Sciences Turner Student Research Fund, and the University of Michigan Rackham Graduate School. Simon acknowledges funding from NSF EAR grants 1250239 and 1264560. John Slack (U.S. Geological Survey) and John Nold (University of Central Missouri) are thanked for providing samples. Christine Wawryk, Aaron Pietruszka, an anonymous referee, and guest editors John Slack, Louise Corriveau, and Murray Hitzman are thanked for their reviews, which significantly improved the paper both scientifically and stylistically. NR 74 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 111 IS 8 SI SI BP 2033 EP 2044 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EF3VH UT WOS:000390252500011 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Akre, E Meakem, V Eng, CY Tepley, AJ Bourg, NA McShea, W Davies, SJ Anderson-Teixeira, K AF Gonzalez-Akre, Erika Meakem, Victoria Eng, Cheng-Yin Tepley, Alan J. Bourg, Norman A. McShea, William Davies, Stuart J. Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina TI Patterns of tree mortality in a temperate deciduous forest derived from a large forest dynamics plot SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE annual mortality census; Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory; large forest dynamics plot; temperate broadleaf deciduous forest; tree mortality ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; LONG-TERM; UNITED-STATES; TROPICAL FORESTS; GLOBAL CHANGE; GAP MODELS; DROUGHT; GROWTH; RATES; SIZE AB Tree mortality is one of the most influential drivers of forest dynamics, and characterizing patterns of tree mortality is critical to understanding forest dynamics and ecosystem function in the present era of global change. Here, we use a unique data set of mortality in a temperate deciduous forest to characterize rates and drivers of mortality. At the 25.6-ha Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory forest dynamics plot at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (Virginia, USA), we conducted two full tree censuses in 2008 and 2013 and then tracked mortality over the next 2 years (2014 and 2015). Overall, the mortality rate, m, of stems >= 10 cm diameter was 1.3-2.1%/yr. Biomass mortality, M, was 1.9-3.4 Mg.ha(-1).yr(-1) at the stand level (0.6-1.1%/yr of biomass), less than biomass gains from growth and recruitment, resulting in net live biomass accumulation. Small stems died at the highest rate; however, contributions to M increased toward larger size classes. Most species had m <2%/yr and M < 0.25 Mg.ha(-1).yr(-1) (<3%/yr of biomass), whereas two to four species had anomalously high mortality rates during each census period, accounting for 15-24% of m (n = 2, Cercis canadensis, Ulmus species) and 39-75% of M(n = 4 Quercus species). Stems that died, whether or not in association with mechanical damage, tended to grow more slowly in preceding years than surviving stems and, for certain shade-intolerant species, tended to be in neighborhoods with higher basal area. These findings show how relatively fine-scale mortality processes contribute to stand-level compositional change and carbon cycling. The mortality patterns reported here will provide a valuable basis for understanding future disturbance events within eastern deciduous forests and for comparing across forest types. C1 [Gonzalez-Akre, Erika; Meakem, Victoria; Eng, Cheng-Yin; Tepley, Alan J.; McShea, William; Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Conservat Ecol Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Bourg, Norman A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Eastern Branch, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Davies, Stuart J.; Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Panama City 9100, Panama. [Davies, Stuart J.] Smithsonian Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Anderson-Teixeira, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Conservat Ecol Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA.; Anderson-Teixeira, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Panama City 9100, Panama. EM teixeirak@si.edu; teixeirak@si.edu OI Tepley, Alan/0000-0002-5701-9613 FU Next Generation Ecosystem Experiment (NGEE) Tropics project; Mary Jean Hale Fund; Smithsonian Institution Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory (CTFS-ForestGEO); Smithsonian Competitive Grants Program in Science FX We thank Valentine Hermann, Maria Wang, Gabriela Reyes, Haley Overstreet, Maryam Sedaghatpour, and Romaric Moncrieffe for assisting with mortality censuses and Helene Muller-Landau for the use of her R scripts. Funds for the full tree censuses were provided by the Smithsonian Institution Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory (CTFS-ForestGEO). Annual mortality censuses and the analyses presented here were funded by a Smithsonian Competitive Grants Program in Science award to KAT. CYE received support from the Mary Jean Hale Fund. SJD received support from the Next Generation Ecosystem Experiment (NGEE) Tropics project. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 12 AR e01595 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1595 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF2EE UT WOS:000390136700012 ER PT J AU Pennings, SC Zengel, S Oehrig, J Alber, M Bishop, TD Deis, DR Devlin, D Hughes, AR Hutchens, JJ Kiehn, WM McFarlin, CR Montague, CL Powers, S Proffitt, CE Rutherford, N Stagg, CL Walters, K AF Pennings, Steven C. Zengel, Scott Oehrig, Jacob Alber, Merryl Bishop, T. Dale Deis, Donald R. Devlin, Donna Hughes, A. Randall Hutchens, John J., Jr. Kiehn, Whitney M. McFarlin, Caroline R. Montague, Clay L. Powers, Sean Proffitt, C. Edward Rutherford, Nicolle Stagg, Camille L. Walters, Keith TI Marine ecoregion and Deepwater Horizon oil spill affect recruitment and population structure of a salt marsh snail SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE biogeography; BP Deepwater Horizon; gastropod; Littoraria; marine invertebrate; oil spill; population structure; recruitment; salt marsh; Spartina ID GRASS SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; LITTORINA-IRRORATA; LITTORARIA-IRRORATA; ORGANIC-MATTER; IMPACTS; SETTLEMENT; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; FISH; DECOMPOSITION AB Marine species with planktonic larvae often have high spatial and temporal variation in recruitment that leads to subsequent variation in the ecology of benthic adults. Using a combination of published and unpublished data, we compared the population structure of the salt marsh snail, Littoraria irrorata, between the South Atlantic Bight and the Gulf Coast of the United States to infer geographic differences in recruitment and to test the hypothesis that the Deepwater Horizon oil spill led to widespread recruitment failure of L. irrorata in Louisiana in 2010. Size-frequency distributions in both ecoregions were bimodal, with troughs in the distributions consistent with a transition from sub-adults to adults at similar to 13 mm in shell length as reported in the literature; however, adult snails reached larger sizes in the Gulf Coast. The ratio of sub-adults to adults was 1.5-2 times greater in the South Atlantic Bight than the Gulf Coast, consistent with higher recruitment rates in the South Atlantic Bight. Higher recruitment rates in the South Atlantic Bight could contribute to higher snail densities and reduced adult growth in this region. The ratio of sub-adults to adults in Louisiana was lower in 2011 than in previous years, and began to recover in 2012-2014, consistent with widespread recruitment failure in 2010, when large expanses of spilled oil were present in coastal waters. Our results reveal an important difference in the ecology of a key salt marsh invertebrate between the two ecoregions, and also suggest that the Deepwater Horizon oil spill may have caused widespread recruitment failure in this species and perhaps others with similar planktonic larval stages. C1 [Pennings, Steven C.] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Zengel, Scott] RPI, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. [Oehrig, Jacob] NewFields, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. [Alber, Merryl; McFarlin, Caroline R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bishop, T. Dale] No Bones Coastal Biol Consultants LLC, 1114 Hyatt Ave, Murrells Inlet, SC 29576 USA. [Deis, Donald R.] Atkins, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA. [Devlin, Donna; Proffitt, C. Edward] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch, Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol Sci, 5600 US 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Hughes, A. Randall] Northeastern Univ, Marine & Environm Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. [Hutchens, John J., Jr.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, POB 261954, Conway, SC 29528 USA. [Kiehn, Whitney M.] Tampa Bay Water, Clearwater, FL 33761 USA. [Montague, Clay L.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Howard T Odum Ctr Wetlands, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Powers, Sean] Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Rutherford, Nicolle] NOAA, Emergency Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stagg, Camille L.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Walters, Keith] Coastal Carolina Univ, Dept Marine Sci, POB 261954, Conway, SC 29528 USA. RP Pennings, SC (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM spennings@uh.edu OI Pennings, Steven/0000-0003-4757-7125 FU Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI); NSF [OCE99-82133, OCE06-20959, OCE12-37140]; EPA (STAR program) [R83221] FX This manuscript relies in part on data collected as part of investigations being conducted cooperatively among NOAA, other Federal and State natural resource agencies, and BP as part of the Deepwater Horizon NRDA. The opinions in the manuscript are those of the authors and not necessarily of all participants in the cooperative studies upon which the manuscript is based, but do represent the views of the U.S. Geological Survey. This research was made possible, in part, by grants from The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI), NSF (OCE99-82133, OCE06-20959, OCE12-37140), and EPA (STAR program #R83221). GoMRI data are publicly available through the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Information & Data Cooperative (GRIIDC) at https://data.gulfresearchinitiative.org (doi: 10.7266/N7FF3Q9S). We are grateful to David Knorr for assistance with data analysis, and Charles H. Peterson for comments on a draft. This manuscript is a contribution of the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER program, and contribution number 1056 of the University of Georgia Marine Institute. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 12 AR e01588 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1588 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF2EE UT WOS:000390136700018 ER PT J AU Robinson, KF Fuller, AK Hurst, JE Swift, BL Kirsch, A Farquhar, J Decker, DJ Siemer, WF AF Robinson, Kelly F. Fuller, Angela K. Hurst, Jeremy E. Swift, Bryan L. Kirsch, Arthur Farquhar, James Decker, Daniel J. Siemer, William F. TI Structured decision making as a framework for large-scale wildlife harvest management decisions SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE decision analysis; Odocoileus virginianus; population demographics; structured decision making; uncertainty; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; RISK-MANAGEMENT; ALTERNATIVES; WRECKFISH; DYNAMICS; SMARTER AB Fish and wildlife harvest management at large spatial scales often involves making complex decisions with multiple objectives and difficult tradeoffs, population demographics that vary spatially, competing stakeholder values, and uncertainties that might affect management decisions. Structured decision making (SDM) provides a formal decision analytic framework for evaluating difficult decisions by breaking decisions into component parts and separating the values of stakeholders from the scientific evaluation of management actions and uncertainty. The result is a rigorous, transparent, and values-driven process. This decision-aiding process provides the decision maker with a more complete understanding of the problem and the effects of potential management actions on stakeholder values, as well as how key uncertainties can affect the decision. We use a case study to illustrate how SDM can be used as a decision-aiding tool for management decision making at large scales. We evaluated alternative white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) buck-harvest regulations in New York designed to reduce harvest of yearling bucks, taking into consideration the values of the state wildlife agency responsible for managing deer, as well as deer hunters. We incorporated tradeoffs about social, ecological, and economic management concerns throughout the state. Based on the outcomes of predictive models, expert elicitation, and hunter surveys, the SDM process identified management alternatives that optimized competing objectives. The SDM process provided biologists and managers insight about aspects of the buck-harvest decision that helped them adopt a management strategy most compatible with diverse hunter values and management concerns. C1 [Robinson, Kelly F.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Robinson, Kelly F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Fuller, Angela K.] Cornell Univ, US Geol Survey, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hurst, Jeremy E.; Swift, Bryan L.; Farquhar, James] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Div Fish & Wildlife, Albany, NY 12233 USA. [Kirsch, Arthur] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Div Fish & Wildlife, Avon, NY 14414 USA. [Decker, Daniel J.; Siemer, William F.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Robinson, KF (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.; Robinson, KF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM kfrobins@msu.edu NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 12 AR e01613 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1613 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF2EE UT WOS:000390136700020 ER PT J AU Shanahan, E Irvine, KM Thoma, D Wilmoth, S Ray, A Legg, K Shovic, H AF Shanahan, Erin Irvine, Kathryn M. Thoma, David Wilmoth, Siri Ray, Andrew Legg, Kristin Shovic, Henry TI Whitebark pine mortality related to white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle outbreak, and water availability SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE blister rust; Cronartium ribicola; Dendroctonus ponderosae; generalized linear mixed models; Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; mountain pine beetle; Pinus albicaulis; Special Feature: Science for Our National Parks' Second Century; vital signs monitoring; water balance; water deficit; whitebark pine ID GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; TREE MORTALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RANGE EXPANSION; PONDEROSA PINE; FOREST; COLEOPTERA; VEGETATION AB Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) forests in the western United States have been adversely affected by an exotic pathogen (Cronartium ribicola, causal agent of white pine blister rust), insect outbreaks (Dendroctonus ponderosae, mountain pine beetle), and drought. We monitored individual trees from 2004 to 2013 and characterized stand-level biophysical conditions through a mountain pine beetle epidemic in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Specifically, we investigated associations between tree-level variables (duration and location of white pine blister rust infection, presence of mountain pine beetle, tree size, and potential interactions) with observations of individual whitebark pine tree mortality. Climate summaries indicated that cumulative growing degree days in years 2006-2008 likely contributed to a regionwide outbreak of mountain pine beetle prior to the observed peak in whitebark mortality in 2009. We show that larger whitebark pine trees were preferentially attacked and killed by mountain pine beetle and resulted in a regionwide shift to smaller size class trees. In addition, we found evidence that smaller size class trees with white pine blister rust infection experienced higher mortality than larger trees. This latter finding suggests that in the coming decades white pine blister rust may become the most probable cause of whitebark pine mortality. Our findings offered no evidence of an interactive effect of mountain pine beetle and white pine blister rust infection on whitebark pine mortality in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Interestingly, the probability of mortality was lower for larger trees attacked by mountain pine beetle in stands with higher evapotranspiration. Because evapotranspiration varies with climate and topoedaphic conditions across the region, we discuss the potential to use this improved understanding of biophysical influences on mortality to identify microrefugia that might contribute to successful whitebark pine conservation efforts. Using tree-level observations, the National Park Service-led Greater Yellowstone Interagency Whitebark Pine Long-term Monitoring Program provided important ecological insight on the size-dependent effects of white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle, and water availability on whitebark pine mortality. This ongoing monitoring campaign will continue to offer observations that advance conservation in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. C1 [Shanahan, Erin; Thoma, David; Ray, Andrew; Legg, Kristin] Natl Pk Serv, Greater Yellowstone Inventory & Monitoring Networ, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Irvine, Kathryn M.; Wilmoth, Siri] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Shovic, Henry] Shovic Associates, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Shanahan, E (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Greater Yellowstone Inventory & Monitoring Networ, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM erin_shanahan@nps.gov FU USGS FX We would like to thank all of the field crew members who have worked on this monitoring effort over that past 12 years. We are especially grateful to Rob Daley for his expertise and assistance with data management, as well as graphical and GIS support. We would also like to thank the multiple collaborators who have helped to inform and sponsor this ongoing, long-term monitoring program including the National Park Service, US Forest Service, US Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management, Montana State University, and American Forests. Participation by Siri Wilmoth and Kathryn Irvine was made possible through IA P12PG70586 and in-kind USGS funding. We thank Cynthia Hollimon for her efforts analyzing earlier whitebark datasets and Dr. Steve Cherry for his statistical consultation during various aspects of the monitoring effort. And finally, thank you to Dr. Kenneth Raffa for sharing his expertise and knowledge on the generalities of mountain pine beetle and whitebark pine health. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 28 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 12 AR e01610 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1610/full PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF2EE UT WOS:000390136700024 ER PT J AU Hilling, CD Welsh, SA Smith, DM AF Hilling, Corbin D. Welsh, Stuart A. Smith, Dustin M. TI Age, Growth, and Fall Diet of Channel Catfish in Cheat Lake, West Virginia SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE channel catfish; growth; diet; West Virginia ID MODELING FISH GROWTH; MULTIMODEL INFERENCE; SMALL IMPOUNDMENTS; WATER CHEMISTRY; YELLOW PERCH; RESOURCE USE; RIVER; SELECTION; BASS; SIZE AB Acidification has historically impaired Cheat Lake's fish community, but recent mitigation efforts within the Cheat River watershed have improved water quality and species richness. Presently, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus are abundant and attain desirable sizes for anglers. We evaluated the age, growth, and fall diet of the population. We collected a sample of 155 channel catfish from Cheat Lake from 5 August to 4 December 2014, a subset of which we aged (n = 148) using lapillus otoliths. We fit four growth models (von Bertalanffy, logistic, Gompertz, and power) to length-at-age data and compared models using an information theoretic approach. We collected fall diets from 55 fish sampled from 13 October to 4 December 2014. Total lengths of individuals in the sample ranged from 154 to 721 mm and ages ranged from 2 to 19 y. We AIC(c)-selected the von Bertalanffy growth model as the best approximating model, and the power and Gompertz models also had considerable support. Diets were numerically dominated by Diptera larvae, specifically Chironomidae and Chaoboridae, while 39% of stomachs contained terrestrial food items. This study provides baseline data for management of Cheat Lake's channel catfish population. Further, this study fills a knowledge gap in the scientific literature on channel catfish, because few previously published studies have examined the population ecology of channel catfish in the Central Appalachian region. C1 [Hilling, Corbin D.] West Virginia Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Hilling, Corbin D.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Welsh, Stuart A.] West Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Smith, Dustin M.] West Virginia Div Nat Resources, Farmington, WV 26571 USA. RP Hilling, CD (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.; Hilling, CD (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM hillingc5@gmail.com FU Harbor Hydro Holdings, LLC.; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources; West Virginia University IACUC [11-0403] FX G. Merovich and D. Wellman provided constructive comments that improved previous versions of this manuscript. We thank E. Irwin and an anonymous reviewer for comments that further improved the manuscript. We also thank J. Aldinger, E. Miller, A. Rizzo, and P. Thompson for their assistance in collection and processing of samples. Funding for this project was provided by Harbor Hydro Holdings, LLC., and West Virginia Division of Natural Resources. This study was performed under the auspices of West Virginia University IACUC protocol 11-0403. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 2 BP 304 EP 314 DI 10.3996/092015-JFWM-091 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF4SG UT WOS:000390321700002 ER PT J AU Schultz, LD Mayfield, MP Whitlock, SL AF Schultz, Luke D. Mayfield, Mariah P. Whitlock, Steven L. TI Sample Sizes Needed to Describe Length-Frequency of Small-Bodied Fishes: An Example Using Larval Pacific Lamprey SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE sample size; resampling; Pacific Lamprey; monitoring ID GREAT-LAKES; STREAM; DISTRIBUTIONS; ABUNDANCE; PRECISION; CAPTURE; HABITAT; BASIN AB The ability to describe the length distribution of a fish population requires sampling an adequate number of individuals, but collecting more fish than needed is inefficient. While fisheries managers have assessed sample size requirements for many sport fishes, these requirements are not routinely described for small-bodied fishes (i.e., maximum length <= 200 mm), particularly larval lampreys. To improve the efficiency of data collection for these fishes, we used resampling analyses to asses sample size requirements for accurately describing length distributions of larval (freshwater-dwelling) Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus, an anadromous fish native to western North America (total length 60-156 mm). We found that the highest increases in accuracy occurred with sample sizes,50, and that we needed sample sizes of 40 to 130 to describe length frequency with 95% confidence, depending on length interval used for performing length-frequency analyses. From these results, we recommend collecting 100 individuals if using 5-mm length intervals to examine length frequency of larval lamprey. These findings can also be used to estimate the relative accuracy of sample sizes in existing assessments and develop and refine monitoring programs for larval lampreys and other small-bodied fishes. C1 [Schultz, Luke D.; Mayfield, Mariah P.; Whitlock, Steven L.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schultz, Luke D.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 Southwest Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mayfield, Mariah P.] Okanogan Wenatchee Natl Forest, 24 West Chewuch Rd, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. RP Schultz, LD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.; Schultz, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangelands Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 Southwest Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM lschultz@usgs.gov FU Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission through the Columbia Basin Fish Accords; Bonneville Power Administration [2008-524-00] FX Fieldwork assistance was generously provided by B. Clemens, J. Doyle, B. Gregoire, K. Kuhn, R. McCoun, B. McIlraith, G. Sheoships, and L. Wyss. We thank M. Colvin and J. Peterson for statistical discussions, and B. Morris for administrative support. Discussions and comments from C. Schreck, M. Heck, and L. Arnold greatly helped to develop and refine this paper, and a critical review by B. Compton and four anonymous reviewers greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission through the Columbia Basin Fish Accords partnership with the Bonneville Power Administration under project 2008-524-00, B. McIlraith, project manager. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 2 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.3996/112015-JFWM-112 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF4SG UT WOS:000390321700003 ER PT J AU Felis, JJ Kissling, ML Kaler, RSA Kenney, LA Lawonn, MJ AF Felis, Jonathan J. Kissling, Michelle L. Kaler, Robb S. A. Kenney, Leah A. Lawonn, Matthew J. TI Identifying Kittlitz's Murrelet Nesting Habitat in North America at the Landscape Scale SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; eastern Russia; landscape-scale parameters; nesting habitat; seabird ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; BRACHYRAMPHUS-BREVIROSTRIS; MARBLED MURRELETS; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; ALASKA; DISCOVERY; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY; TRENDS; KODIAK AB The Kittlitz's murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris is a small, noncolonial seabird endemic to marine waters of Alaska and eastern Russia that may have experienced significant population decline in recent decades, in part because of low reproductive success and terrestrial threats. Although recent studies have shed new light on Kittlitz's murrelet nesting habitat in a few discrete areas, the location and extent of suitable nesting habitat throughout most of its range remains unclear. Here, we have compiled all existing nest records and locations to identify landscape-scale parameters (distance to coast, elevation, slope, and land cover) that provide potential nesting habitat in four regions: northern Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Alaska Peninsula Mountains and Kodiak Island, and Pacific Coastal Mountains (including nearshore interior Canada). We produced a final map classifying 12% (70,411 km(2)) of the lands assessed as potential Kittlitz's murrelet nesting habitat, with dense but distinct patches in northern Alaska and a more uninterrupted, narrow band extending across the Pacific Coastal Mountains, Alaska Peninsula Mountains, and Aleutian Islands. The extent of habitat-capable parameter values varied regionally, indicating that the Kittlitz's murrelet may be able to use a variety of habitats for nesting, depending on availability. Future nesting habitat studies could employ spatially random sampling designs to allow for quantitatively robust modeling of nesting habitat and predictive extrapolation to areas where nests have not been located but likely exist. C1 [Felis, Jonathan J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Kissling, Michelle L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 3000 Vintage Blvd Suite 201, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Kaler, Robb S. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Kenney, Leah A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, 4700 BLM Rd, Anchorage, AK 99507 USA. [Lawonn, Matthew J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kodiak Natl Wildlife Refuge, 1390 Buskin River Rd, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Felis, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jfelis@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center FX We are grateful to Robert H. Day, Robin Corcoran, John Piatt, and Tom Van Pelt for providing feedback, data, and assistance updating obscure nest information from long ago. Martin Raphael provided initial insight into how best to proceed with these data. We thank Josh Adams for mentoring support and Ryan Carle for review of an earlier version of the manuscript. This project received funding support from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 2 BP 323 EP 333 DI 10.3996/112015-JFWM-116 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF4SG UT WOS:000390321700004 ER PT J AU Seamans, ME Braun, CE AF Seamans, Mark E. Braun, Clait E. TI Estimation of Band-Tailed Pigeon Band Recovery and Population Vital Rates in Colorado, 1969-1981 SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; band-tailed pigeon; fidelity; harvest; Patagioenas fasciata; survival ID MOURNING DOVE BANDS; REPORTING RATES; MARKED ANIMALS; SURVIVAL AB Data to inform population assessment of the Interior subspecies of band-tailed pigeon, Patagioenas fasciata fasciata (breeding range from Colorado and Utah south into Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico), have been lacking despite substantial past banding efforts. We used a data set of more than 26,000 bandings from Colorado, with 3,500 live recaptures and 780 recoveries from the harvest of banded individuals to estimate annual survival, fidelity, and harvest rates. Most birds were harvested in Colorado (62%) followed by Mexico (18%); New Mexico (16%); Arizona (3%); and 1% or less each in California, Washington, and Utah. On average, each year 15% (range 0-30%) of surviving band-tailed pigeons did not return to Colorado. From 1969 to 1981 mean annual survival was 0.633 (standard error [SE] = 0.031) for hatch-year and 0.719 (SE = 0.016) for after-hatch-year birds, with a mean annual recovery rate of 0.015 (SE = 0.002) for hatch-year and 0.011 (SE = 0.001) for after-hatch-year birds. From 1970 to 1974, mean annual abundance of band-tailed pigeons in Colorado on 1 September was 59,911-88,290. These data provide a baseline for additional data collection for band-tailed pigeons in the range of the Interior subspecies. C1 [Seamans, Mark E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 755 Parfet St,Suite 235, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. [Braun, Clait E.] Grouse Inc, 5572 N Ventana Vista Rd, Tucson, AZ 85750 USA. RP Seamans, ME (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 755 Parfet St,Suite 235, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. EM mark_seamans@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Colorado Division of Wildlife through Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Project [W-88-R] FX We thank all who reported locations of band-tailed pigeons in Colorado during 1969-1981, and especially private landowners for permission to access their lands for capture of band-tailed pigeons. Numerous field personnel of the Colorado Division of Wildlife facilitated the fieldwork. The banding efforts were aided by summer field assistants and multiple graduate students, including P.D. Curtis, J.E. Kautz, and J.A. White. The Accelerated Research Program for Migratory Webless Game Birds of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided the initial stimulus and financial support. We thank J.E. Kautz, R.E. Tomlinson, D.A. Haukos, M.L. Casazza, and B.A. Collier for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript. We thank K.H. Knudsen for help locating past reports. This study was supported throughout by the Colorado Division of Wildlife through Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Project W-88-R. H.D. Funk provided administrative support throughout the period of study. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 2 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.3996/112015-JFWM-110 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF4SG UT WOS:000390321700008 ER PT J AU Galbraith, HS Lellis, WA Cole, JC Blakeslee, CJ White, BS AF Galbraith, Heather S. Lellis, William A. Cole, Jeffrey C. Blakeslee, Carrie J. White, Barbara St. John TI Population Demographics for the Federally Endangered Dwarf Wedgemussel SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussel; Alasmidonta heterodon; Unionidae; population estimate; sex ratio; size structure ID ALASMIDONTA-HETERODON; COMPLANATA MOLLUSCA; UNIONIDAE; MUSSELS; BIVALVIA; RIVER; ELLIPTIO; HABITAT; STREAM AB The dwarf wedgemussel Alasmidonta heterodon is a federally endangered freshwater mussel species inhabiting several Atlantic Slope rivers. Studies on population demographics of this species are necessary for status assessment and directing recovery efforts. We conducted qualitative and quantitative surveys for dwarf wedgemussel in the mainstem Delaware River and in four of its tributaries (Big Flat Brook, Little Flat Brook, Neversink River, and Paulinskill River). We quantified population range, relative abundance, size, size structure, and sex ratio within each river. We estimated total dwarf wedgemussel population size for the surveyed rivers in the Delaware Basin to be 14,432 individuals (90% confidence limits, 7,961-26,161). Our results suggest that the historically robust Neversink River population has declined, but that this population persists and substantial populations remain in other tributaries. Sex ratios were generally female-biased, and small individuals (<10 mm) found in all rivers indicate recent recruitment. We most often found dwarf wedgemussel at the surface of the sediment (not buried below) in shallow quadrats (<2.00 m) comprised of small substrate (sand in tributaries; cobble in the mainstem) and minimal aquatic macrophytes. Long-term monitoring, continued surveys for new populations, and assessments of reproductive success are needed to further understand dwarf wedgemussel viability within the Delaware River basin. C1 [Galbraith, Heather S.; Cole, Jeffrey C.; Blakeslee, Carrie J.; White, Barbara St. John] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Lellis, William A.] US Geol Survey, Ecosyst Mission Area, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS-300, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Galbraith, HS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM hgalbraith@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Park Service FX Assistance in surveys and field data recording was provided by Susan Bolden, Travis Brandt, Ryan Brown, Cara Campbell, Casey Carleton, Andrew Cole, Sue Wolinsky Comlish, Angie Drummond, Heather Hammond, Kira Hawk, Vinca Krajewski, Kelly McDivitt, Jake Robinson, Renee Rogers, Cheryl Engelhardt Rossi, Kristine Shaw, Katie Staudenmeier, Shauna Stoll, Erika Tokarz, George Velez, Sebastian Velez, Nevin Welte, Sara Welte, and Nina White of USGS. Sofia Luckenbill assisted in data summarization and analysis. We thank Don Hamilton and other staff at the National Park Service for their support and assistance in the field and for comments provided on the manuscript; David Smith for assisting in survey design; David Strayer for confirming identification of voucher shells; and the anonymous reviewers and Associate Editor of the journal for their comments that greatly improved the manuscript. This work was conducted under the following permits: New York Scientific Collection/Possession License No. LCP02-138, New York Endangered/Threatened Species License No. ESP02-0074; Pennsylvania Type II Permit No. 037; New Jersey Scientific Collecting Permit Nos. SC29027, SC28034, SC27017, SC26109, SC21055, SC22056; and National Park Service Scientific Research and Collecting Permit Nos. DEWA-00-35, DEWA-2001-SCI-003, DEWA-2002-SCI-0026, DEWA-2004-SCI-0017, DEWA-2006-SCI0013, DEWA-2008-SCI-0015, UPDE-00-01, UPDE-2001-SCI-0004, UPDE-2002-SCI-0003. This study was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Park Service. The USGS Fisheries Program also contributed to this work. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 2 BP 377 EP 387 DI 10.3996/112014-JFWM-084 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF4SG UT WOS:000390321700009 ER PT J AU Meyer, HA Chipps, SR Graeb, BDS Klumb, RA AF Meyer, Hilary A. Chipps, Steven R. Graeb, Brian D. S. Klumb, Robert A. TI Growth, Food Consumption, and Energy Status of Juvenile Pallid Sturgeon Fed Natural or Artificial Diets SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE endangered species; growth; diet; pallid sturgeon ID BELUGA HUSO-HUSO; DIGESTIVE ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS L; MISSOURI RIVER; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; FORMULATED DIETS; LIPID DEPOSITION; FEEDING TRIALS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; PERFORMANCE AB Stocking of hatchery-raised fish is an important part of the pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus recovery program. In the wild, juvenile pallid sturgeon consume primarily aquatic insects, although little is known about specific dietary needs. In hatchery settings, pallid sturgeon are fed commercial diets that are formulated for salmonids. To compare food consumption, growth, and energy status of pallid sturgeon fed artificial or natural diets, we conducted a laboratory study using 24 juvenile pallid sturgeon (initial fork length 153-236 mm). Pallid sturgeon were fed a daily ration of either commercial pellets (1 mm, slow sinking; 45% protein, 19% fat) or chironomid larvae for 5 wk. Natural-fed pallid sturgeon exhibited a greater specific growth rate (2.12% d(-1)) than pellet-fed fish (0.06% d(-1)). Similarly, relative condition was greater for natural-fed sturgeon (K-n = 1.11) than that observed for pellet-fed fish (K-n = 0.87). In contrast, the hepatosomatic index was significantly higher in pellet-fed fish (2.5%), indicating a high lipid diet compared with natural-fed sturgeon (1.4%). Given the importance of natural diets to fish digestion and growth, it is suggested that a more holistic approach be applied in the development of a practical diet for pallid sturgeon that incorporates attributes of natural prey. C1 [Meyer, Hilary A.; Graeb, Brian D. S.] South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Northern Plains Biostress Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Meyer, Hilary A.] South Dakota Dept Game Fish & Pk, 20641 SD Highway 1806, Ft Pierre, SD 57532 USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] South Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klumb, Robert A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. RP Meyer, HA (reprint author), South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Northern Plains Biostress Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.; Meyer, HA (reprint author), South Dakota Dept Game Fish & Pk, 20641 SD Highway 1806, Ft Pierre, SD 57532 USA. EM Hilary.Meyer@state.sd.us FU U.S. Geological Survey; South Dakota State University; South Dakota Department of Game, Fish Parks; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [RFP W9128F-09-R-0030] FX This manuscript is dedicated to the memory of our friend and coauthor, Dr. Robert Klumb. We thank R. Holm at Garrison Dam National Fish Hatchery (Riverdale, North Dakota) for providing pallid sturgeon for this study. We also thank M. Semrow and B. VanDeHey for assistance with data collection, D. James, M. Fincel, M. Greiner, M. Thul, and H. Calkins and three anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript, and South Dakota State University staff for laboratory support. All animals used in this study were reared according to animal use and care guidelines established by South Dakota State University (Animal Welfare Assurance no. A3958-01). The South Dakota Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota State University, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish & Parks, the Wildlife Management Institute, and the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (RFP W9128F-09-R-0030). NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 2 BP 388 EP 396 DI 10.3996/082015-JFWM-076 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF4SG UT WOS:000390321700010 ER PT J AU Halstead, BJ Valcarcel, P Wylie, GD Coates, PS Casazza, ML Rosenberg, DK AF Halstead, Brian J. Valcarcel, Patricia Wylie, Glenn D. Coates, Peter S. Casazza, Michael L. Rosenberg, Daniel K. TI Active Season Microhabitat and Vegetation Selection by Giant Gartersnakes Associated with a Restored Marsh in California SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical model; case-control design; garter snake; resource selection; Thamnophis gigas; wetland ID RESOURCE SELECTION; HABITAT SELECTION; THAMNOPHIS-GIGAS; SNAKES; OBSOLETA; ECOLOGY; MODELS AB Studies of habitat selection can reveal important patterns to guide habitat restoration and management for species of conservation concern. Giant gartersnakes Thamnophis gigas are endemic to the Central Valley of California, where.90% of their historical wetland habitat has been converted to agricultural and other uses. Information about the selection of habitats by individual giant gartersnakes would guide habitat restoration by indicating which habitat features and vegetation types are likely to be selected by these rare snakes. We examined activity patterns and selection of microhabitats and vegetation types by adult female giant gartersnakes with radiotelemetry at a site composed of rice agriculture and restored wetlands using a paired case-control study design. Adult female giant gartersnakes were 14.7 (95% credible interval [CRI] = 9.4-23.7) times more likely to be active (foraging, mating, or moving) when located in aquatic habitats than when located in terrestrial habitats. Microhabitats associated with cover-particularly emergent vegetation, terrestrial vegetation, and litter-were positively selected by giant gartersnakes. Individual giant gartersnakes varied greatly in their selection of rice and rock habitats, but varied little in their selection of open water. Tules Schoenoplectus acutus were the most strongly selected vegetation type, and duckweed Lemna spp., water-primrose Ludwigia spp., forbs, and grasses also were positively selected at the levels of availability observed at our study site. Management practices that promote the interface of water with emergent aquatic and herbaceous terrestrial vegetation will likely benefit giant gartersnakes. Given their strong selection of tules, restoration of native tule marshes will likely provide the greatest benefit to these threatened aquatic snakes. C1 [Halstead, Brian J.; Valcarcel, Patricia; Wylie, Glenn D.; Coates, Peter S.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Valcarcel, Patricia] WRA Environm Consultants, 2169 GE Francisco Blvd, San Rafael, CA 94901 USA. [Rosenberg, Daniel K.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Halstead, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM bhalstead@usgs.gov FU CALFED; California Department of Water Resources; California Waterfowl Association; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for this study was provided by CALFED, the California Department of Water Resources, the California Waterfowl Association, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank Wildlands, Inc. for access to the study site. J. Yee and T. Chambert provided statistical guidance; and we thank C. Overton, D. Olson, J. Rose, an anonymous reviewer, and the Associate Editor for reviews that greatly improved the manuscript. L. Achter, G. Dancourt, L. Heiker, V. Johnson, S. Marczak, C. Massing, L. McCardle, M. Meshriy, W. Meno, and J. Sweeney collected data for this project. Dr. R. Wack of the Sacramento Zoo and University of California - Davis Wildlife Health Center skillfully performed all transmitter implantation and removal surgeries. Snakes were handled in accordance with the University of California, Davis, Animal Care and Use Protocol 9699 and as stipulated in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Recovery Permit TE-020548-5. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 2 BP 397 EP 407 DI 10.3996/042016-JFWM-029 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF4SG UT WOS:000390321700011 ER PT J AU Petrie, MJ Fleskes, JP Wolder, MA Isola, CR Yarris, GS Skalos, DA AF Petrie, Mark J. Fleskes, Joseph P. Wolder, Mike A. Isola, Craig R. Yarris, Gregory S. Skalos, Daniel A. TI Potential Effects of Drought on Carrying Capacity for Wintering Waterfowl in the Central Valley of California SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Central Valley; drought; waterfowl ID SACRAMENTO VALLEY; NORTHERN PINTAILS; RICE FIELDS; BODY-MASS; WATERBIRDS; HABITAT; AREA AB We used the bioenergetics model TRUEMET to evaluate potential effects of California's recent drought on food supplies for waterfowl wintering in the Central Valley under a range of habitat and waterfowl population scenarios. In nondrought years in the current Central Valley landscape, food supplies are projected to be adequate for waterfowl from fall through early spring (except late March) even if waterfowl populations reach North American Waterfowl Management Plan goals. However, in all drought scenarios that we evaluated, food supplies were projected to be exhausted for ducks by mid-to late winter and by late winter or early spring for geese. For ducks, these results were strongly related to projected declines in winter-flooded rice fields that provide 45% of all the food energy available to ducks in the Central Valley in nondrought water years. Delayed flooding of some managed wetlands may help alleviate food shortages by providing wetland food resources better timed with waterfowl migration and abundance patterns in the Central Valley, as well as reducing the amount of water needed tomanage these habitats. However, future research is needed to evaluate the impacts of delayed flooding on waterfowl hunting, and whether California's existing water delivery system would make delayed flooding feasible. Securing adequate water supplies for waterfowl and other wetland-dependent birds is among the greatest challenges facing resource managers in coming years, especially in the increasingly arid western United States. C1 [Petrie, Mark J.] Ducks Unltd Inc, Western Reg Off, 2074 Gold Canal Dr, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. [Fleskes, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Wolder, Mike A.; Isola, Craig R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, 752 Cty Rd 99W, Sacramento, CA 95988 USA. [Yarris, Gregory S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cent Valley Joint Venture, 2800 Cottage Way, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. [Skalos, Daniel A.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Waterfowl Program, 1812 9th St, Sacramento, CA 95811 USA. RP Petrie, MJ (reprint author), Ducks Unltd Inc, Western Reg Off, 2074 Gold Canal Dr, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. EM mpetrie@ducks.org FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We dedicate this paper to our friend, colleague, and coauthor Mike Wolder, who passed away unexpectedly in December 2015. Mike's practical knowledge of the issues facing waterfowl and wetland managers in the Central Valley was fundamentally important in the development of this study. Mike's passion for and dedication to the natural resources of the Pacific Flyway were extraordinary, and he is sorely missed by those who were fortunate to know or work with him. We also thank the numerous public and private wetland managers, water district managers, Resource Conservation District personnel, nongovernmental organizations, and local landowners throughout the Central Valley who provided information that helped in the development of these scenarios. Julie Yee, Michael Brasher, and John Coluccy provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript, whereas Elliott Matchett and Samantha Yeo prepared the figures. We also thank D. Haukos and two anonymous reviewers for significantly improving the manuscript. Funding for this analysis and summary was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 2 BP 408 EP 422 DI 10.3996/082015-JFWM-082 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF4SG UT WOS:000390321700012 ER PT J AU Wood, PB Frantz, MW Becker, DA AF Wood, Petra B. Frantz, Mack W. Becker, Douglas A. TI Louisiana Waterthrush and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Response to Shale Gas Development SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE headwater streams; Marcellus shale; stream quality; waterthrush demography; West Virginia ID LENGTH-MASS RELATIONSHIPS; NATURAL-GAS; NEST SURVIVAL; SEIURUS-MOTACILLA; MARCELLUS; ECOSYSTEMS; SONGBIRD; SUCCESS; FOREST; RISKS AB Because shale gas development is occurring over large landscapes and consequently is affecting many headwater streams, an understanding of its effects on headwater-stream faunal communities is needed. We examined effects of shale gas development (well pads and associated infrastructure) on Louisiana waterthrush Parkesia motacilla and benthic macroinvertebrate communities in 12 West Virginia headwater streams in 2011. Streams were classed as impacted (n = 6) or unimpacted (n = 6) by shale gas development. We quantified waterthrush demography (nest success, clutch size, number of fledglings, territory density), a waterthrush Habitat Suitability Index, a Rapid Bioassessment Protocol habitat index, and benthic macroinvertebrate metrics including a genus-level stream-quality index for each stream. We compared each benthic metric between impacted and unimpacted streams with a Student's t-test that incorporated adjustments for normalizing data. Impacted streams had lower genus-level stream-quality index scores; lower overall and Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera richness; fewer intolerant taxa, more tolerant taxa, and greater density of 0-3-mm individuals (P <= 0.10). We then used Pearson correlation to relate waterthrush metrics to benthic metrics across the 12 streams. Territory density (no. of territories/km of stream) was greater on streams with higher genus-level stream-quality index scores; greater density of all taxa and Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa; and greater biomass. Clutch size was greater on streams with higher genus-level stream-quality index scores. Nest survival analyses (n = 43 nests) completed with Program MARK suggested minimal influence of benthic metrics compared with nest stage and Habitat Suitability Index score. Although our study spanned only one season, our results suggest that shale gas development affected waterthrush and benthic communities in the headwater streams we studied. Thus, these ecological effects of shale gas development warrant closer examination. C1 [Wood, Petra B.] West Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Frantz, Mack W.; Becker, Douglas A.] West Virginia Univ, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Becker, Douglas A.] Kutztown State Univ, Dept Biol, 245 Boehm Hall, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. RP Wood, PB (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM pbwood@wvu.edu FU West Virginia University IACUC protocol [04-0302, 07-0303] FX West Virginia Division of Natural Resources provided access to the study area and Wheeling Jesuit University provided access to field housing. We thank Debbie Archer, Darin Blood, and Jim Sheehan for field assistance. Kyle Aldinger, Jeremy Mizel, and Jim Sheehan assisted with data summaries and analyses. We thank Greg Pond and Kelly Krock (USEPA, Region III) for processing and identifying benthic macroinvertebrates and Greg Pond for summaries and assistance with analyses of the benthic data. Kyle Aldinger, Greg Pond, Jim Sheehan, Brian Trevelline, the Associate Editor, and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on this manuscript. Banding was conducted under U.S. Geological Survey banding permit no. 23412. This study was completed under the auspices of West Virginia University IACUC protocol 04-0302, 07-0303. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 2 BP 423 EP 433 DI 10.3996/092015-JFWM-084 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF4SG UT WOS:000390321700013 ER PT J AU Pias, KE Fletcher, RJ Kitchens, WM AF Pias, Kyle E. Fletcher, Robert J., Jr. Kitchens, Wiley M. TI Assessing the Value of Novel Habitats to Snail Kites through Foraging Behavior and Nest Survival SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Florida; foraging habitat; invasive species; Lake Tohopekaliga; nest survival; novel ecosystem; snail kite ID POMACEA-PALUDOSA; UNITED-STATES; APPLE SNAILS; FLORIDA; ECOSYSTEMS; IMPACTS; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; AMPULLARIIDAE AB Novel ecosystems arise for a variety of reasons, most notably from the introduction of nonnative species. Understanding the interactions between traditional habitats, novel habitats, and species of conservation interest is important when planning successful conservation strategies. In the United States, the snail kite Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus is a federally endangered species whose population in Florida has undergone declines within the past decade. While studying the foraging behavior of breeding snail kites on Lake Tohopekaliga (Lake Toho), we discovered the unexpected use of disturbed ephemeral wetlands adjacent to the lake. These wetlands represent a novel habitat for snail kites; they would not have been viable foraging areas prior to the introduction of the exotic island apple snail Pomacea maculata. By examining the differences between snail kite behavior in traditional and novel habitats, we were able to identify some characteristics of novel habitats that may be important in determining their value to snail kites. The novel wetland areas were highly attractive to snail kites, likely because of the high snail capture rates. The survival of snail kite nests occurring within the novel areas appeared to be similar to that of nests occurring in more traditional, nearby areas on Lake Toho. However, whether or not snail kites used novel habitats as nesting areas appeared to be dependent upon water depth and availability of nesting substrate within these areas. The snail kites' dynamic use of the novel habitat demonstrates both the value of a novel ecosystem and the importance of traditional habitats to a species of conservation concern. C1 [Pias, Kyle E.] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 1100485,Bldg 810, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pias, Kyle E.] 1544 Haleukana St,Bay 2, Lihue, HI 96766 USA. [Fletcher, Robert J., Jr.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall,POB 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kitchens, Wiley M.] Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 1100485,Bldg 810, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Pias, KE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 1100485,Bldg 810, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.; Pias, KE (reprint author), 1544 Haleukana St,Bay 2, Lihue, HI 96766 USA. EM kpias@hawaii.edu FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission [FWC10054]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [401819G578]; U.S. Army Corp of Engineers [W912HZ-10-2-0028] FX Thank you to C. Sebright, S. Behmke, M. Ford, N. Belfry, C. Jennings, J. Wood, and E. Butler for the hard field work they put toward this project. Thank you to J. Olbert for coordination and cooperation with her study of snail kite nesting on Lake Toho. Thank you to Dr J. Morrison for her continued support and assistance. Special thanks to Dr L. Crampton for presubmission manuscript review. Thank you to the Associate Editor of the Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management and the reviewers of this manuscript for their insightful comments and critiques. Work for this study was supported by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission under Grant Number FWC10054, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under Agreement Number 401819G578, and the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers under Contract Number W912HZ-10-2-0028. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 2 BP 449 EP 460 DI 10.3996/022016-JFWM-008 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF4SG UT WOS:000390321700016 ER PT J AU Murphy, RK Dwyer, JF Mojica, EK McPherron, MM Harness, RE AF Murphy, Robert K. Dwyer, James F. Mojica, Elizabeth K. McPherron, Michelle M. Harness, Richard E. TI Reactions of Sandhill Cranes Approaching a Marked Transmission Power Line SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Antigone canadensis; collision; Lillian Rowe Sanctuary; mortality; Platte River ID GRUS-CANADENSIS; COLLISION MORTALITY; AVIAN COLLISIONS; NEBRASKA; BEHAVIOR; LIGHT AB Sandhill cranes Antigone canadensis, formerly Grus canadensis, are of widespread management focus, particularly where collisions with power lines are an important cause of mortality. Collision mitigation focuses on marking power lines to increase visibility, but collisions persist, perhaps because power line markers are not sufficiently visible in all conditions. Our objective was to compare reaction distances and reaction behaviors during daylight when power lines are presumably more visible, and during darkness when power lines are less visible. The power line we studied was fitted with glow-in-the-dark power line markers intended to increase nocturnal visibility. We found that during daylight, flocks generally avoided the power line by climbing gradually and passed above without making sudden evasive maneuvers. During darkness, flocks, particularly small flocks, were almost equally likely to make sudden evasive maneuvers as to climb gradually. Collision monitoring on the power line we studied conducted concurrent to our study indicated that 94% of collisions occurred during darkness, linking the behaviors we observed to actual mortality. Sandhill cranes also reacted at greater distances and with fewer sudden evasive maneuvers to the glow-in-the-darkmarked power line we studied than to nearby power lines without glowing markers evaluated in a prior study, suggesting that either glowing markers, smaller gaps between markers, or both, improved sandhill cranes' ability to perceive and react to the power line we studied. By correlating behavioral observations with mortality, our study indicates that proactive low-intensity behavioral observations might be useful surrogates to reactive high-intensity carcass searches in identifying high-risk spans. This approach may also be effective for other species. C1 [Murphy, Robert K.; McPherron, Michelle M.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. [Murphy, Robert K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. [McPherron, Michelle M.] US Army Corps Engineers, 1616 Capitol Ave, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. [Dwyer, James F.; Mojica, Elizabeth K.; Harness, Richard E.] EDM Int Inc, 4001 Automat Way, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Dwyer, JF (reprint author), EDM Int Inc, 4001 Automat Way, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM jdwyer@edmlink.com FU Nebraska Game and Parks Commission through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank C. Kemper, W. Brown, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved this writing. Funding from the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Section 6 program supported our fieldwork. Dawson Public Power District installed spiral vibration dampers and FireFlys. We thank Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Nebraska Rural Electric Association, National Audubon Society's Lillian Rowe Sanctuary, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for additional support. We are grateful to University of Nebraska-Kearney students C. Fickel, M. Morten, and K. Serbousek for field assistance and to G. Wright for laying much of the groundwork for this study. M. Fritz, B. Taddicken, R. Harms, and J. Runge facilitated study implementation. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 2 BP 480 EP 489 DI 10.3996/052016-JFWM-037 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF4SG UT WOS:000390321700019 ER PT J AU Inselman, WM Datta, S Jenks, JA Klaver, RW Grovenburg, TW AF Inselman, Will M. Datta, Shubham Jenks, Jonathan A. Klaver, Robert W. Grovenburg, Troy W. TI SPATIAL ECOLOGY AND SURVIVAL OF SWAINSON'S HAWKS (BUTEO SWAINSONI) IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Swainson's Hawk; Buteo swainsoni; breeding; habitat selection; home range; site fidelity ID HOME-RANGE; NESTING ECOLOGY; HABITAT USE; PRODUCTIVITY; SELECTION; DAKOTA; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; BEHAVIOR; MONTANA AB In recent years, anthropogenic conversion of grassland habitat has raised concerns about the status of breeding Swainson's Hawks (Buteo swainsoni) in the northern Great Plains region of North America. During 2013-2014, we captured breeding Swainson's Hawks in north-central South Dakota and south-central North Dakota to estimate home-range size, determine adult survival rates during the breeding season, and evaluate habitat selection. We captured, radio-tagged, and monitored 13 Swainson's Hawks in 2013, and captured two additional Swainson's Hawks in 2014. In 2014, seven of 13 individuals initially captured in 2013 returned to the same breeding territory for the 2014 breeding season. Average 95% MCP home-range size in 2013 was 205.4 ha (SD = 135.3 ha, n = 10) and 211.1 ha (SD = 208.8 ha, n = 9) in 2014, and size did not differ between years (t(13) = 0.07, P = 0.95), averaging 208.3 ha (SD = 244.9 ha, n = 19 home ranges measured for 12 birds) for the 2 yr of the study. Mean core home-range size (50% MCP) was 78.2 ha (SD = 105.9 ha, n = 10) in 2013 and 59.7 ha (SD = 80.7 ha, n = 9) in 2014; core home-range areas also did not differ between years (t(17) = -0.46, P = 0.65). Swainson's Hawks did not select habitats in proportion to their availability in 2013 (chi(2)(42) = 781.99, P < 0.001) and 2014 (chi(2)(40) > 999.99, P < 0.001). In 2013, breeding Swainson's Hawks selected against wetland and grassland habitats and selected for trees as foraging habitats. Similarly, Swainson's Hawks selected against grassland habitats for foraging in 2014. We used known-fate analysis in Program MARK to estimate adult survival during the breeding season. The top-ranked model indicated survival was constant at 0.94 (95% CI = 0.68-0.99) during the breeding season and did not differ between years. Our results suggest that Swainson's Hawks maintain a moderately high degree of breeding-site fidelity and have home ranges smaller than those documented elsewhere, and that their home-range size is influenced positively by the presence of grasslands and negatively by development. C1 [Inselman, Will M.; Datta, Shubham; Jenks, Jonathan A.; Grovenburg, Troy W.] South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Inselman, WM (reprint author), South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM will.inselman@sdstate.edu FU South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station; State Wildlife Grant [T-36-R]; Nature Conservancy FX Our study was funded through the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and through a State Wildlife Grant (T-36-R) administered through the North Dakota Game and Fish Department. The Nature Conservancy provided funding support for this work through the Nebraska Chapter's J.E. Weaver Competitive Grants Program. The U.S. Geological Survey provided analytical and technical support. We thank R. Johnson, E. Morata, T. Michels, S. Nevison, A. Kunkel, B. Schmoke, and E. Hoskins for their field assistance. We also thank all of the landowners in McPherson County, South Dakota, and Logan, McIntosh, and Dickey counties, North Dakota, who granted us access to their land. We thank M. Collopy for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this report. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 50 IS 4 BP 338 EP 350 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EF5LH UT WOS:000390371200002 ER PT J AU Bulut, Z Bragin, EA DeWoody, JA Braham, MA Katzner, TE Doyle, JM AF Bulut, Zafer Bragin, Evgeny A. DeWoody, J. Andrew Braham, Melissa A. Katzner, Todd E. Doyle, Jacqueline M. TI USE OF NONINVASIVE GENETICS TO ASSESS NEST AND SPACE USE BY WHITE-TAILED EAGLES SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE White-tailed Eagle; Haliaeetus albicilla; DNA fingerprint; microsatellite; movement; noninvasive mark-recapture; space use ID SEMI-COLONIAL PASSERINE; NATURALLY SHED FEATHERS; HOME-RANGE; PREY ABUNDANCE; AQUILA-HELIACA; GOLDEN EAGLES; POPULATION; MOVEMENT; IDENTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT AB Movement and space use are important components of animal interactions with the environment. However, for hard-to-monitor raptor species, there are substantial gaps in our understanding of these key determinants. We used noninvasive genetic tools to evaluate the details of space use over a 3-yr period by White-tailed Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) at the Naurzum Zapovednik in northern Kazakhstan. We genotyped, at 10 microsatellite markers and one mitochondrial marker, 859 eagle feathers and assigned naturally shed feathers to individuals. We identified 124 White-tailed Eagles, including both members of 510 pairs per year, and were able to monitor birds across years. Distances between eagle nests and hunting perches were always greater than nearest neighbor distances, eagles never used the closest available hunting perch, and hunting perches were always shared with other eagles. When eagles switched nests between years, the nests they chose were almost always well outside the space that theory predicted they defended the prior year. Our data are inconsistent with classical territorial and colonial models of resource use; they more closely resemble semi-colonial behavior. It is unlikely that standard methods of animal tracking (e.g., marking and telemetry), would have provided a similarly cost-effective mechanism to gain these insights into spatial and temporal aspects of eagle behavior. When combined with existing information on space use of other local species, these data suggest that partitioning of spatial resources among White-tailed Eagles and other eagles at the Zapovednik may be facilitated by the alternative strategies of space use they employ. C1 [Bulut, Zafer] Selcuk Univ, Dept Biochem, Fac Vet Med, TR-42031 Konya, Turkey. [Bragin, Evgeny A.] Naurzum Natl Nat Reserve, Dept Sci, Naurzumski Raijon, Karamendy, Kazakhstan. [DeWoody, J. Andrew; Doyle, Jacqueline M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [DeWoody, J. Andrew] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Braham, Melissa A.] West Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Katzner, Todd E.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Doyle, Jacqueline M.] Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. RP Doyle, JM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.; Doyle, JM (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM jdoyle@towson.edu FU National Geographic Society; National Birds of Prey Trust; U.S. National Science Foundation [INT-0301905]; Purdue University Faculty Scholar Program FX We thank M. Kochert, members of the DeWoody and Katzner lab groups, multiple anonymous reviewers, and I. Warkentin for their constructive criticisms on early versions of this manuscript. This research was funded in part by the National Geographic Society, the National Birds of Prey Trust, the U.S. National Science Foundation (INT-0301905), and the Purdue University Faculty Scholar Program. We acknowledge assistance of the Naurzum Zapovednik and the government of Kazakhstan. Feathers were gathered and imported under the appropriate Russian, United States, and Kazakhstan CITES (2005: 05US103491/9, 00KZ000631; 2006: 06US103491/9, 00KZ000719; 2007: 07US103491/9, 00KZ000780) and MBTA (MB103684-0) permits; details of these permits are available upon request. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Statement of author contributions: EAB, JAD, and TEK designed the study, EAB and TEK collected samples in the field, ZB, JMD, and JAD designed and performed the laboratory and genetic analyses, MB and TEK performed the spatial and statistical analyses, and all authors contributed to writing the manuscript. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 50 IS 4 BP 351 EP 362 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EF5LH UT WOS:000390371200003 ER PT J AU Foley, J Serieys, LEK Stephenson, N Riley, S Foley, C Jennings, M Wengert, G Vickers, W Boydston, E Lyren, L Moriarty, J Clifford, DL AF Foley, J. Serieys, L. E. K. Stephenson, N. Riley, S. Foley, C. Jennings, M. Wengert, G. Vickers, W. Boydston, E. Lyren, L. Moriarty, J. Clifford, D. L. TI A synthetic review of notoedres species mites and mange SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE bobcat; Lynx rufus; mange; Notoedres cati; Notoedres centrifera; squirrel; Sciurus griseus; urbanization ID WESTERN GRAY SQUIRRELS; BOBCATS LYNX-RUFUS; 2 FOX SQUIRRELS; SARCOPTIC MANGE; PAGUMA-LARVATA; CATS; INFESTATION; POPULATION; CALIFORNIA; IVERMECTIN AB Notoedric mange, caused by obligately parasitic sarcoptiform Notoedres mites, is associated with potentially fatal dermatitis with secondary systemic disease in small mammals, felids and procyonids among others, as well as an occasional zoonosis. We describe clinical spectra in non-chiropteran hosts, review risk factors and summarize ecological and epidemiological studies. The genus is disproportionately represented on rodents. Disease in felids and procyonids ranges from very mild to death. Knowledge of the geographical distribution of the mites is highly inadequate, with focal hot spots known for Notoedres cati in domestic cats and bobcats. Predisposing genetic and immunological factors are not known, except that co-infection with other parasites and anticoagulant rodenticide toxicoses may contribute to severe disease. Treatment of individual animals is typically successful with macrocytic lactones such as selamectin, but herd or wildlife population treatment has not been undertaken. Transmission requires close contact and typically is within a host species. Notoedric mange can kill half all individuals in a population and regulate host population below non-diseased density for decades, consistent with frequency-dependent transmission or spillover from other hosts. Epidemics are increasingly identified in various hosts, suggesting global change in suitable environmental conditions or increased reporting bias. C1 [Foley, J.; Stephenson, N.; Clifford, D. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Serieys, L. E. K.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Biol Sci, ZA-7700 Cape Town, South Africa. [Serieys, L. E. K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95054 USA. [Riley, S.; Moriarty, J.] Natl Pk Serv Santa Monica Mt Natl Recreat Area, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. [Foley, C.] Lutheran Social Serv Northern Calif, 5050 Walnut Ave, Sacramento, CA 95841 USA. [Jennings, M.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Wengert, G.] Integral Ecol Res Ctr, Blue Lake, CA 95525 USA. [Vickers, W.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Boydston, E.; Lyren, L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. [Clifford, D. L.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife Investigat Lab, 1701 Nimbus Rd, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. RP Foley, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jefoley@ucdavis.edu FU California Department of Fish and Wildlife; UC Davis Wildlife Health Center; Fund for Animals; Summerlee Foundation; Santa Monica Mountains Fund; US Geological Survey; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; Panthera FX Funding was provided by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, the UC Davis Wildlife Health Center (both to J. F.), Fund for Animals, the Summerlee Foundation, Santa Monica Mountains Fund, US Geological Survey, National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and Panthera (all to L. E. K. S.). NR 127 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 EI 1469-8161 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD DEC PY 2016 VL 143 IS 14 BP 1847 EP 1861 DI 10.1017/S0031182016001505 PG 15 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA EF4TX UT WOS:000390326000003 PM 27608857 ER PT J AU Patriquin, KJ Leonard, ML Broders, HG Ford, WM Britzke, ER Silvis, A AF Patriquin, Krista J. Leonard, Marty L. Broders, Hugh G. Ford, W. Mark Britzke, Eric R. Silvis, Alexander TI Weather as a proximate explanation for fission-fusion dynamics in female northern long-eared bats SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE ambient condition; fission-fusion; geographical variation; Myotis septentrionalis; northern long-eared bat; roost switching; sociality; temperate bat ID BIG BROWN BATS; MYOTIS MYOTIS-SEPTENTRIONALIS; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; ROOSTING HABITS; CORYNORHINUS-RAFINESQUII; INFORMATION-TRANSFER; SOCIAL NETWORKS; REPRODUCTION; SELECTION; FIDELITY AB Fission-fusion dynamics appear common among temperate bats where females form roost groups that change in size and composition, as females switch roosts almost daily. One hypothesis for frequent roost switching is that females move to find suitable thermal conditions as ambient conditions change. Tests of this hypothesis have, however, been conducted mostly at roosts in artificial structures where microclimate is relatively stable. The goal of our study was to determine whether roost switching and roost use by northern long-eared bats, Myotis septentrionalis, that roost in trees are related to ambient conditions. We used generalized linear fixed effects models to explore the influence of roost characteristics and changes in ambient conditions on the likelihood of roost switching. We used canonical correlation analyses to examine the relationship between ambient conditions and roost characteristics. Roost switching was indeed linked to ambient conditions together with characteristics of roosts on the previous day; the best descriptors of roost switching differed between the two geographical regions we analysed. In Nova Scotia, females were less likely to switch roosts when it rained, particularly if they were in roosts below surrounding canopy whereas they were more likely to switch roosts when they were in roosts of high decay. Females roosted in shorter trees in earlier decay classes on warm days, as well as on windy and rainy days. In Kentucky, females were more likely to switch roosts at high temperatures, particularly when they were in roosts in high decay. Females roosted in shorter, decayed trees on warm days, and in less decayed trees with small diameter on windy and rainy days. Our results suggest bats switch roosts in response to changes in ambient conditions to select suitable roosting conditions, which may explain some of the proximate factors shaping fission-fusion dynamics of bats. (C) 2016 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Patriquin, Krista J.; Leonard, Marty L.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Broders, Hugh G.] St Marys Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Ford, W. Mark; Silvis, Alexander] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Britzke, Eric R.] US Army Engineer, Ctr Res & Dev, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Patriquin, KJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Biol, 3359 Mississauga Rd,William G Davis Bldg, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. EM krista.patriquin@utoronto.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Canada Graduate Scholarship D; Dalhousie University Faculty of Graduate Studies Scholarship; Patrick F. Lett Graduate Student Assistance Bursary; NSERC Discovery Grants; Nova Scotia Species at Risk Conservation Fund; Nova Scotia Habitat Conservation Fund; United States Army Environmental Quality and Installation Basic Research 6.1 program FX We are grateful to Jessica Corkum, Luke Dodd, Jenny Dufreche, Taiadjana Fortuna, Erin Hennessey and Florent Valetti for assistance in DLPP fieldwork. We thank Jimmy Watkins, Mike Brandenberg and Charlie Logsdon for their assistance in supporting work in FKMR. Gerald Wilkinson and John Ratcliffe provided comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. The research in DLPP was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Canada Graduate Scholarship D, Dalhousie University Faculty of Graduate Studies Scholarship and Patrick F. Lett Graduate Student Assistance Bursary to K.J.P. The research was also supported by NSERC Discovery Grants to M.L.L. and H.G.B. Funding was also provided by the Nova Scotia Species at Risk Conservation Fund and Nova Scotia Habitat Conservation Fund. Considerable in-kind support was provided by the Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources. The research in FKMR was supported by the United States Army Environmental Quality and Installation Basic Research 6.1 program. The Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources graciously provided field housing for this project. Use of trade, product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 EI 1095-8282 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 122 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.09.022 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA ED1CW UT WOS:000388582600008 ER PT J AU Munson, SM Sankey, TT Xian, G Villarreal, ML Homer, CG AF Munson, Seth M. Sankey, Temuulen T. Xian, George Villarreal, Miguel L. Homer, Collin G. TI Decadal shifts in grass and woody plant cover are driven by prolonged drying and modified by topo-edaphic properties SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aridity; climate change; desert; land degradation; shrub encroachment; Sonoran Desert; Larrea tridentata; Prosopis spp ID NORTH-AMERICAN GRASSLANDS; SONORAN-DESERT; SHRUB ENCROACHMENT; VEGETATION CHANGES; PATAGONIAN STEPPE; ARID ECOSYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-USE; PATTERNS; COMMUNITY AB Woody plant encroachment and overall declines in perennial vegetation in dryland regions can alter ecosystem properties and indicate land degradation, but the causes of these shifts remain controversial. Determining how changes in the abundance and distribution of grass and woody plants are influenced by conditions that regulate water availability at a regional scale provides a baseline to compare how management actions alter the composition of these vegetation types at a more local scale and can be used to predict future shifts under climate change. Using a remote-sensing-based approach, we assessed the balance between grasses and woody plants and how climate and topo-edaphic conditions affected their abundances across the northern Sonoran Desert from 1989 to 2009. Despite widespread woody plant encroachment in this region over the last 150 years, we found that leguminous trees, including mesquite (Prosopis spp.), declined in cover in areas with prolonged drying conditions during the early 21st century. Creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) also had moderate decreases with prolonged drying but was buffered from changes on soils with low clay that promote infiltration and high available water capacity that allows for retention of water at depth. Perennial grasses have expanded and contracted over the last two decades in response to summer precipitation and were especially dynamic on shallow soils with high clay that have large fluctuations in water availability. Our results suggest that topo-edaphic properties can amplify or ameliorate climate-induced changes in woody plants and perennial grasses. Understanding these relationships has important implications for ecosystem function under climate change in the southwestern USA and can inform management efforts to regulate grass and woody plant abundances. C1 [Munson, Seth M.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Sankey, Temuulen T.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Informat Comp & Cyber Syst, 1295 South Knoles Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Xian, George; Homer, Collin G.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Villarreal, Miguel L.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 531, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Munson, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM smunson@usgs.gov OI Villarreal, Miguel/0000-0003-0720-1422 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center and Status and Trends Program FX The authors thank D. Meyer for processing Landsat scenes, L. Long, J. Malusa, C. Black, and P. Holm for technical assistance, J. Bradford and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. The authors gratefully acknowledge plot-based measurements of cover provided by the Santa Rita Experimental Range (http://ag.arizona.edu/SRER), National Park Service, Barry M. Goldwater Range, and the Desert Laboratory. Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center and Status and Trends Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 26 IS 8 BP 2478 EP 2492 DI 10.1002/eap.1389 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE1BU UT WOS:000389316400011 PM 27907253 ER PT J AU Bateman, BL Pidgeon, AM Radeloff, VC Flather, CH VanDerWal, J Akakaya, HR Thogmartin, WE Albright, TP Vavrus, SJ Heglund, PJ AF Bateman, Brooke L. Pidgeon, Anna M. Radeloff, Volker C. Flather, Curtis H. VanDerWal, Jeremy Akakaya, H. Resit Thogmartin, Wayne E. Albright, Thomas P. Vavrus, Stephen J. Heglund, Patricia J. TI Potential breeding distributions of US birds predicted with both short-term variability and long-term average climate data SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate change; guilds; Maxent; North American breeding birds; species distribution model; species range ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS; ENVELOPE MODELS; AVIAN MORTALITY; HEAT WAVES; WEATHER; EVENTS; PATTERNS; NORTH AB Climate conditions, such as temperature or precipitation, averaged over several decades strongly affect species distributions, as evidenced by experimental results and a plethora of models demonstrating statistical relations between species occurrences and long-term climate averages. However, long-term averages can conceal climate changes that have occurred in recent decades and may not capture actual species occurrence well because the distributions of species, especially at the edges of their range, are typically dynamic and may respond strongly to short-term climate variability. Our goal here was to test whether bird occurrence models can be predicted by either covariates based on short-term climate variability or on long-term climate averages. We parameterized species distribution models (SDMs) based on either short-term variability or long-term average climate covariates for 320 bird species in the conterminous USA and tested whether any life-history trait-based guilds were particularly sensitive to short-term conditions. Models including short-term climate variability performed well based on their cross-validated area-under-the-curve AUC score (0.85), as did models based on long-term climate averages (0.84). Similarly, both models performed well compared to independent presence/absence data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (independent AUC of 0.89 and 0.90, respectively). However, models based on short-term variability covariates more accurately classified true absences for most species (73% of true absences classified within the lowest quarter of environmental suitability vs. 68%). In addition, they have the advantage that they can reveal the dynamic relationship between species and their environment because they capture the spatial fluctuations of species potential breeding distributions. With this information, we can identify which species and guilds are sensitive to climate variability, identify sites of high conservation value where climate variability is low, and assess how species' potential distributions may have already shifted due recent climate change. However, long-term climate averages require less data and processing time and may be more readily available for some areas of interest. Where data on short-term climate variability are not available, long-term climate information is a sufficient predictor of species distributions in many cases. However, short-term climate variability data may provide information not captured with long-term climate data for use in SDMs. C1 [Bateman, Brooke L.; Pidgeon, Anna M.; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, SILVIS Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Flather, Curtis H.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [VanDerWal, Jeremy] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Ctr Trop Biodivers & Climate Change Res, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [VanDerWal, Jeremy] James Cook Univ, Div Res & Innovat, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Akakaya, H. Resit] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Albright, Thomas P.] Univ Nevada, Lab Conservat Biogeog, Dept Geog, Reno, NV 89577 USA. [Albright, Thomas P.] Univ Nevada, Lab Conservat Biogeog, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89577 USA. [Vavrus, Stephen J.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climate Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Heglund, Patricia J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Bateman, BL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, SILVIS Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM brooke.bateman@gmail.com RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 FU NASA [NNH10ZDA001N-BIOCLIM]; James Cook University High Performance Computing (HPC) unit FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this research by the NASA Biodiversity Program and the Climate and Biological Response funding opportunity (NNH10ZDA001N-BIOCLIM) and the James Cook University High Performance Computing (HPC) unit. In addition, we thank T. Robertson and the Global Biodiversity and Information Facility (GBIF) for assistance in obtaining bird occurrence data for the USA and the numerous contributors of occurrence data to GBIF (please see full list of bird data sources in Appendix S1). Associate editor J. Elith and two anonymous reviewers provided very helpful and constructive comments that greatly improved our manuscript. We thank E. Wood for his help in developing guild descriptions, as well as P. Culbert, J. Gorzo, and A. Allstadt for general assistance and discussions. Any use of trade, product, or firm names are for descriptive purposes only and do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The views expressed in this article are the authors' own and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 26 IS 8 BP 2718 EP 2729 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE1BU UT WOS:000389316400028 PM 27907262 ER PT J AU Northrup, JM Anderson, CR Hooten, MB Wittemyer, G AF Northrup, Joseph M. Anderson, Charles R., Jr. Hooten, Mevin B. Wittemyer, George TI Movement reveals scale dependence in habitat selection of a large ungulate SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE animal movement; hydrocarbon development; movement ecology; Odocoileus hemionus; oil and natural gas; resource selection function; wildlife ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; MULE DEER; RESOURCE SELECTION; UTILIZATION DISTRIBUTIONS; COLLAR PERFORMANCE; PREDATION RISK; TELEMETRY DATA; HOME RANGES; PATCH USE; SPACE-USE AB Ecological processes operate across temporal and spatial scales. Anthropogenic disturbances impact these processes, but examinations of scale dependence in impacts are infrequent. Such examinations can provide important insight to wildlife-human interactions and guide management efforts to reduce impacts. We assessed spatiotemporal scale dependence in habitat selection of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Piceance Basin of Colorado, USA, an area of ongoing natural gas development. We employed a newly developed animal movement method to assess habitat selection across scales defined using animal-centric spatiotemporal definitions ranging from the local (defined from five hour movements) to the broad (defined from weekly movements). We extended our analysis to examine variation in scale dependence between night and day and assess functional responses in habitat selection patterns relative to the density of anthropogenic features. Mule deer displayed scale invariance in the direction of their response to energy development features, avoiding well pads and the areas closest to roads at all scales, though with increasing strength of avoidance at coarser scales. Deer displayed scale-dependent responses to most other habitat features, including land cover type and habitat edges. Selection differed between night and day at the finest scales, but homogenized as scale increased. Deer displayed functional responses to development, with deer inhabiting the least developed ranges more strongly avoiding development relative to those with more development in their ranges. Energy development was a primary driver of habitat selection patterns in mule deer, structuring their behaviors across all scales examined. Stronger avoidance at coarser scales suggests that deer behaviorally mediated their interaction with development, but only to a degree. At higher development densities than seen in this area, such mediation may not be possible and thus maintenance of sufficient habitat with lower development densities will be a critical best management practice as development expands globally. C1 [Northrup, Joseph M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Anderson, Charles R., Jr.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Mammals Res Sect, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wittemyer, George] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wittemyer, George] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Northrup, Joseph M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Northrup, JM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Northrup, JM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Joe.northrup@gmail.com FU Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW); White River Field Office of Bureau of Land Management; ExxonMobil Production/XTO Energy; WPX Energy; Shell Exploration and Production; EnCana Corporation; Marathon Oil Corporation; Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration [W-185-R]; Colorado Mule Deer Foundation; Colorado Mule Deer Association; Safari Club International; Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission; Colorado State Severance Tax; NSF [CNS-0923386, DMS-1614392] FX Mule deer capture and monitoring was funded and/or supported by Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW), White River Field Office of Bureau of Land Management, ExxonMobil Production/XTO Energy, WPX Energy, Shell Exploration and Production, EnCana Corporation, Marathon Oil Corporation, Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration (W-185-R), the Colorado Mule Deer Foundation, the Colorado Mule Deer Association, Safari Club International, Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, and the Colorado State Severance Tax. We thank L. Wolfe, C. Bishop, D. Finley, and D. Freddy (CPW) and numerous field technicians for project coordination and field assistance. We thank Quicksilver Air for deer captures and L. Gepfert (CPW) and Coulter Aviation for fixed-wing aircraft support. We thank J. Tigner and S. Downing for assistance with interpretation of development data. A. Maki, E. Bergman, S. L. Webb, and one anonymous reviewer provided comments that greatly improved the manuscript. This research utilized the CSU ISTeC Cray HPC system supported by NSF Grant CNS-0923386 and DMS-1614392. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 22 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 26 IS 8 BP 2744 EP 2755 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE1BU UT WOS:000389316400030 PM 27859842 ER PT J AU Rossman, S Yackulic, CB Saunders, SP Reid, J Davis, R Zipkin, EF AF Rossman, Sam Yackulic, Charles B. Saunders, Sarah P. Reid, Janice Davis, Ray Zipkin, Elise F. TI Dynamic N-occupancy models: estimating demographic rates and local abundance from detection-nondetection data SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE barred owl; demographic rates; dynamic; heterogeneity; latent; N-mixture model; occupancy; species distribution models ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; PRESENCE-ABSENCE DATA; BARRED OWLS; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HABITAT; COUNTS; DISTRIBUTIONS; EXPANSION AB Occupancy modeling is a widely used analytical technique for assessing species distributions and range dynamics. However, occupancy analyses frequently ignore variation in abundance of occupied sites, even though site abundances affect many of the parameters being estimated (e.g., extinction, colonization, detection probability). We introduce a new model (dynamic N-occupancy) capable of providing accurate estimates of local abundance, population gains (reproduction/immigration), and apparent survival probabilities while accounting for imperfect detection using only detection/nondetection data. Our model utilizes heterogeneity in detection based on variations in site abundances to estimate latent demographic rates via a dynamic N-mixture modeling framework. We validate our model using simulations across a wide range of values and examine the data requirements, including the number of years and survey sites needed, for unbiased and precise estimation of parameters. We apply our model to estimate spatiotemporal heterogeneity in abundances of barred owls (Strix varia) within a recently invaded region in Oregon (USA). Estimates of apparent survival and population gains are consistent with those from a nearby radio-tracking study and elucidate how barred owl abundances have increased dramatically over time. The dynamic N-occupancy model greatly improves inferences on individual-level population processes from occupancy data by explicitly modeling the latent population structure. C1 [Rossman, Sam; Saunders, Sarah P.; Zipkin, Elise F.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Integrat Biol, 288 Farm Lane RM 203, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rossman, Sam] Hubbs Sea World Res Inst, 3830 S Highway A1A 4-181, Melbourne Beach, FL 32951 USA. [Yackulic, Charles B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Reid, Janice; Davis, Ray] US Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zipkin, Elise F.] Michigan State Univ, Ecol Evolutionary Biol & Behav Program, 293 Farm Lane RM 103, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Rossman, S (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Integrat Biol, 288 Farm Lane RM 203, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.; Rossman, S (reprint author), Hubbs Sea World Res Inst, 3830 S Highway A1A 4-181, Melbourne Beach, FL 32951 USA. EM rossmans@msu.edu FU John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; USGS; NPS/USGS National Park Monitoring Program FX We are grateful to Michigan State University's High Performance Computing Center for computational support and to the NPS/USGS National Park Monitoring Program for funding that supported model development. The work in this manuscript grew out of discussions from a working group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the USGS. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Barred owl photo by Mdf (CC BY-SA 3.0) obtained from Wikimedia Commons. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 18 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2016 VL 97 IS 12 BP 3300 EP 3307 DI 10.1002/ecy.1598 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE2WC UT WOS:000389444800007 PM 27912019 ER PT J AU Grundel, R AF Grundel, Ralph TI The lives of lepidopterists SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Book Review DE biodiversity; ecological careers; lepidopterist; natural history C1 [Grundel, Ralph] US Geol Survey, 1574 N 300 E, Chesterton, IN 46304 USA. RP Grundel, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1574 N 300 E, Chesterton, IN 46304 USA. EM rgrundel@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2016 VL 97 IS 12 BP 3555 EP 3556 DI 10.1002/ecy.1606 PG 2 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE2WC UT WOS:000389444800033 ER PT J AU Irvine, KM Rodhouse, TJ Keren, IN AF Irvine, Kathryn M. Rodhouse, T. J. Keren, Ilai N. TI Extending Ordinal Regression with a Latent Zero-Augmented Beta Distribution SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Beta regression; Cumulative link model; Grouped continuous; Hurdle model; Midpoint regression; Non-proportional odds; Plant abundance; Proportional odds model ID ORDERED CATEGORICAL-DATA; MIXTURE MODEL; COUNT DATA; BROMUS-TECTORUM; BAYESIAN MODEL; RESPONSE DATA; VEGETATION; ABUNDANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; ECOLOGY AB Ecological abundance data are often recorded on an ordinal scale in which the lowest category represents species absence. One common example is when plant species cover is visually assessed within bounded quadrats and then assigned to pre-defined cover class categories. We present an ordinal beta hurdle model that directly models ordinal category probabilities with a biologically realistic beta-distributed latent variable. A hurdle-at-zero model allows ecologists to explore distribution (absence) and abundance processes in an integrated framework. This provides an alternative to cumulative link models when data are inconsistent with the assumption that the odds of moving into a higher category are the same for all categories (proportional odds). Graphical tools and a deviance information criterion were developed to assess whether a hurdle-at-zero model should be used for inferences rather than standard ordinal methods. Hurdle-at-zero and non-hurdle ordinal models fit to vegetation cover class data produced substantially different conclusions. The ordinal beta hurdle model yielded more precise parameter estimates than cumulative logit models, although out-of-sample predictions were similar. The ordinal beta hurdle model provides inferences directly on the latent biological variable of interest, percent cover, and supports exploration of more realistic ecological patterns and processes through the hurdle-at-zero or two-part specification. We provide JAGS code as an on-line supplement. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear on-line. C1 [Irvine, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Rodhouse, T. J.] Natl Pk Serv, Upper Columbia Basin Network, Bend, OR USA. [Keren, Ilai N.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA USA. RP Irvine, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM kirvine@usgs.gov; Tom_Rodhouse@nps.gov; ilai.keren@dfw.wa.gov FU National Park Service [P12PG70586]; Upper Columbia Basin Network Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service; North Central Climate Science Center FX We thank Dr. Megan D. Higgs for early discussions on this work and her assistance with WinBUGS code for clipping latent distributions. Dr. Brian Gray provided encouragement and interest in this work and we are appreciative. We also thank Dr. Andrew Hoegh, two anonymous reviewers', and our associate editor's comments and suggestion for revising our paper. The work by K. M. Irvine was funded through an Interagency Agreement P12PG70586 with the National Park Service. T. J. Rodhouse was funded by Upper Columbia Basin Network Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service. I. N. Keren's participation was secured by an interagency agreement with Montana State's Institute on Ecosystems with funding by North Central Climate Science Center. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 EI 1537-2693 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 21 IS 4 BP 619 EP 640 DI 10.1007/s13253-016-0265-2 PG 22 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA EE3CP UT WOS:000389464800002 ER PT J AU Coats, R Lewis, J Alvarez, N Arneson, P AF Coats, Robert Lewis, Jack Alvarez, Nancy Arneson, Patricia TI TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL TRENDS IN NUTRIENT AND SEDIMENT LOADING TO LAKE TAHOE, CALIFORNIA-NEVADA, USA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE biogeochemistry; environmental impacts; lakes; rivers/streams; monitoring; statistics; environmental sampling; nutrients; sediment; eutrophication; total load ID UNITED-STATES; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; NITROGEN FLUXES; LAND-USE; BASIN; TRANSPORT; STREAMS; PHOSPHORUS; REGRESSION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Since 1980, the Lake Tahoe Interagency Monitoring Program (LTIMP) has provided streamdischarge and water quality data-nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and suspended sediment-at more than 20 stations in Lake Tahoe Basin streams. To characterize the temporal and spatial patterns in nutrient and sediment loading to the lake, and improve the usefulness of the program and the existing database, we have (1) identified and corrected for sources of bias in the water quality database; (2) generated synthetic datasets for sediments and nutrients, and resampled to compare the accuracy and precision of different load calculation models; (3) using the best models, recalculated total annual loads over the period of record; (4) regressed total loads against total annual and annual maximum daily discharge, and tested for time trends in the residuals; (5) compared loads for different forms of N and P; and (6) tested constituent loads against land use-land cover (LULC) variables using multiple regression. The results show (1) N and P loads are dominated by organic N and particulate P; (2) there are significant long-term downward trends in some constituent loads of some streams; and (3) anthropogenic impervious surface is the most important LULC variable influencing water quality in basin streams. Many of our recommendations for changes in water quality monitoring and load calculation methods have been adopted by the LTIMP. C1 [Coats, Robert] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, 2512 9th St,Ste 7, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. [Lewis, Jack] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Alvarez, Nancy] US Geol Survey, Water Resource Div, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Arneson, Patricia] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Coats, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, 2512 9th St,Ste 7, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. EM rncoats@ucdavis.edu FU USDA Forest Service under the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act [13-DG-11272170-009] FX We thank Kip Allander, David Berger, John Reuter, and Andrew Stubblefield for review of the manuscript; Nicole Beck, Gary Conley, Mark Grismer, Alan Heyvaert, Andrew Stubblefield, and Rick Susfalk for generously sharing their turbidity and discharge data for basin streams; Scott Hackley for dedicated stream sampling at all hours and in all weather; Dan Nover for sharing his fine sediment data; John Reuter, Earl Byron, and Rich Axler for directing the LTIMP in years past; Charles Goldman and Geoffrey Schladow for their leadership of UC Davis research program (spanning over five decades) in the Tahoe Basin; Melissa Kimble, Humboldt State Univ. and Jim Menlove of the Forest Service Rocky Mt. Res. Sta. for providing the Forest Inventory and Analysis data for the Tahoe Basin; and Tiff van Huysen, Zach Hymanson, and George Malyj for administrative support. We humbly acknowledge the contribution of the late Robert Leonard, who was instrumental in organizing and shepherding the LTIMP through its early years. This work was funded by grant no. 13-DG-11272170-009 from USDA Forest Service under the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 23 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1347 EP 1365 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12461 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EE0YR UT WOS:000389307000005 ER PT J AU Werner, B Tracy, J Johnson, WC Voldseth, RA Guntenspergen, GR Millett, B AF Werner, Brett Tracy, John Johnson, W. Carter Voldseth, Richard A. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. Millett, Bruce TI MODELING THE EFFECTS OF TILE DRAIN PLACEMENT ON THE HYDROLOGIC FUNCTION OF FARMED PRAIRIE WETLANDS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE prairie pothole wetlands; tile drain impacts; hydrologic modeling; farmed wetlands ID POTHOLE REGION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER LEVELS; DYNAMICS; CORN AB The early 2000s saw large increases in agricultural tile drainage in the eastern Dakotas of North America. Agricultural practices that drain wetlands directly are sometimes limited by wetland protection programs. Little is known about the impacts of tile drainage beyond the delineated boundaries of wetlands in upland catchments that may be in agricultural production. A series of experiments were conducted using the well-published model WETLANDSCAPE that revealed the potential for wetlands to have significantly shortened surface water inundation periods and lower mean depths when tile is placed in certain locations beyond the wetland boundary. Under the soil conditions found in agricultural areas of South Dakota in North America, wetland hydroperiod was found to be more sensitive to the depth that drain tile is installed relative to the bottom of the wetland basin than to distance-based setbacks. Because tile drainage can change the hydrologic conditions of wetlands, even when deployed in upland catchments, tile drainage plans should be evaluated more closely for the potential impacts they might have on the ecological services that these wetlands currently provide. Future research should investigate further how drainage impacts are affected by climate variability and change. C1 [Werner, Brett] Ctr Coll Danville, Environm Studies, Danville, KY 40422 USA. [Tracy, John] Texas A&M Univ, Texas Water Resources Inst, 2260 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Johnson, W. Carter] South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Millett, Bruce] South Dakota State Univ, Dept Geog, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Voldseth, Richard A.] North Dakota State Univ, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Tracy, J (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Water Resources Inst, 2260 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM john.tracy@ag.tamu.edu FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service Inventory and Monitoring Program; United States Geological Survey Science Support Program [G12AC20005]; U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land-Use Research and Development Program and the Ecosystem Program FX This research was supported through a cooperative agreement and grant from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Inventory and Monitoring Program and the United States Geological Survey Science Support Program, Grant and Cooperative Agreement No. G12AC20005. We also acknowledge support from the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land-Use Research and Development Program and the Ecosystem Program. Any use of trade product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1482 EP 1492 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12471 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EE0YR UT WOS:000389307000013 ER PT J AU Feinson, LS Gibs, J Imbrigiotta, TE Garrett, JD AF Feinson, Lawrence S. Gibs, Jacob Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. Garrett, Jessica D. TI EFFECTS OF LAND USE AND SAMPLE LOCATION ON NITRATE-STREAM FLOW HYSTERESIS DESCRIPTORS DURING STORM EVENTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE environmental sampling; watershed hydrology; transport and fate; nutrients; continuous monitoring; storm event; stream flow; nitrate hysteresis ID BASEFLOW CONTRIBUTION; NUTRIENT; DISCHARGE; EXPORT; JAPAN AB The U.S. Geological Survey's New Jersey and Iowa Water Science Centers deployed ultravioletvisible spectrophotometric sensors at water-quality monitoring sites on the Passaic and Pompton Rivers at Two Bridges, New Jersey, on Toms River at Toms River, New Jersey, and on the North Raccoon River near Jefferson, Iowa to continuously measure in-stream nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen (NO3 + NO2) concentrations in conjunction with continuous stream flow measurements. Statistical analysis of NO3 + NO2 vs. stream discharge during storm events found statistically significant links between land use types and sampling site with the normalized area and rotational direction of NO3 + NO2-stream discharge (N-Q) hysteresis patterns. Statistically significant relations were also found between the normalized area of a hysteresis pattern and several flow parameters as well as the normalized area adjusted for rotational direction and minimum NO3 + NO2 concentrations. The mean normalized hysteresis area for forested land use was smaller than that of urban and agricultural land uses. The hysteresis rotational direction of the agricultural land use was opposite of that of the urban and undeveloped land uses. An r(2) of 0.81 for the relation between the minimum normalized NO3 + NO2 concentration during a storm vs. the normalized NO3 + NO2 concentration at peak flow suggested that dilution was the dominant process controlling NO3 + NO2 concentrations over the course of most storm events. C1 [Feinson, Lawrence S.; Gibs, Jacob; Imbrigiotta, Thomas E.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, 3450 Princeton Pike,Suite 110, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. [Garrett, Jessica D.] US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. RP Feinson, LS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, 3450 Princeton Pike,Suite 110, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. EM lsfeinso@usgs.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of the Science Advisor, Research Triangle, North Carolina; New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Rock Island District; Iowa Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Rock Island District; Iowa Department of Transportation; USGS National Streamflow Information Program; New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection FX Funding for this project was provided for by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of the Science Advisor, Research Triangle, North Carolina. Funding for water quality data was provided by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program. Funding for river discharge data was provided by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Rock Island District, the Iowa Department of Transportation, and the USGS National Streamflow Information Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1493 EP 1508 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12477 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EE0YR UT WOS:000389307000014 ER PT J AU Courter, II Garrison, TM Kock, TJ Perry, RW Child, DB Hubble, JD AF Courter, I. I. Garrison, T. M. Kock, T. J. Perry, R. W. Child, D. B. Hubble, J. D. TI Benefits of Prescribed Flows for Salmon Smolt Survival Enhancement Vary Longitudinally in a Highly Managed River System SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE flow management; salmon; smolt; survival; mark-recapture; telemetry; fisheries ID FALL CHINOOK SALMON; SNAKE RIVER; SMALLMOUTH BASS; STEELHEAD; MIGRATION; PREDATOR; MORTALITY; COLUMBIA; RATES; WATER AB The influence of streamflow on survival of emigrating juvenile Pacific salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. (smolts) is a major concern for water managers throughout the northeast Pacific Rim. However, few studies have quantified flow effects on smolt survival, and available information does not indicate a consistent flow-survival relationship within the typical range of flows under management control. In the Yakima Basin, Washington, the potential effects of streamflow alterations on smolt survival have been debated for over 20years. Using a series of controlled flow releases from upper basin reservoirs and radiotelemetry, we quantified the relationship between flow and yearling Chinook salmon smolt survival in the 208km reach between Roza Dam and the Yakima River mouth. A multistate mark-recapture model accounted for weekly variation in flow conditions experienced by tagged fish in four discrete river segments. Smolt survival was significantly associated with streamflow in the Roza Reach [river kilometre (rkm) 208-189] and marginally associated with streamflow in the Sunnyside Reach (rkm 169-77). However, smolt survival was not significantly associated with flow in the Naches and Prosser Reaches (rkm 189-169 and rkm 77-3). This discrepancy indicates potential differences in underlying flow-related survival mechanisms, such as predation or passage impediments. Our results clarify trade-offs between flow augmentation for fisheries enhancement and other beneficial uses, and our study design provides a framework for resolving uncertainties about streamflow effects on migratory fish survival in other river systems. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Courter, I. I.; Garrison, T. M.] Cramer Fish Sci, Gresham, OR USA. [Kock, T. J.; Perry, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA USA. [Child, D. B.] DC Consulting LLC, Yakima, WA USA. [Hubble, J. D.] US Bur Reclamat, Yakima, WA USA. [Courter, I. I.] Mt Hood Environm, POB 744, Boring, OR 97009 USA. [Garrison, T. M.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, 700 NE Multnomah St 1200, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Courter, II (reprint author), Mt Hood Environm, POB 744, Boring, OR 97009 USA. EM ian.courter@mthoodenvironmental.com FU US Bureau of Reclamation; Yakima Basin Joint Board FX This project was funded by the US Bureau of Reclamation and the Yakima Basin Joint Board. We thank our collaborators and colleagues with the Yakama Nation, NOAA Fisheries, US Geological Survey and Cramer Fish Sciences who provided valuable assistance with fish collection, tagging and mobile tracking during the study period. In particular, we thank Mark Johnston and his staff with the Yakama Nation who were invaluable to the success of this study. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank Sean Gross (National Marine Fisheries Service) and Pat Monk (US Fish and Wildlife Service) for their comments on earlier versions of this document. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1999 EP 2008 DI 10.1002/rra.3066 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA EE8YG UT WOS:000389912000001 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Kock, TJ Courter, II Garrison, TM Hubble, JD Child, DB AF Perry, R. W. Kock, T. J. Courter, I. I. Garrison, T. M. Hubble, J. D. Child, D. B. TI Dam Operations Affect Route-specific Passage and Survival of Juvenile Chinook Salmon at a Main-stem Diversion dam SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE radio telemetry; juvenile Chinook salmon; diversion dam; survival; routing ID LOWER SNAKE RIVER; LOWER GRANITE DAM; HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT; STEELHEAD; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; TURBINES; MODEL; FLOW; WASHINGTON AB Diversion dams can negatively affect emigrating juvenile salmon populations because fish must pass through the impounded river created by the dam, negotiate a passage route at the dam and then emigrate through a riverine reach that has been affected by reduced river discharge. To quantify the effects of a main-stem diversion dam on juvenile Chinook salmon in the Yakima River, Washington, USA, we used radio telemetry to understand how dam operations and river discharge in the 18-km reach downstream of the dam affected route-specific passage and survival. We found evidence of direct mortality associated with dam passage and indirect mortality associated with migration through the reach below the dam. Survival of fish passing over a surface spill gate (the west gate) was positively related to river discharge, and survival was similar for fish released below the dam, suggesting that passage via this route caused little additional mortality. However, survival of fish that passed under a sub-surface spill gate (the east gate) was considerably lower than survival of fish released downstream of the dam, with the difference in survival decreasing as river discharge increased. The probability of fish passing the dam via three available routes was strongly influenced by dam operations, with passage through the juvenile fish bypass and the east gate increasing with discharge through those routes. By simulating daily passage and route-specific survival, we show that variation in total survival is driven by river discharge and moderated by the proportion of fish passing through low-survival or high-survival passage routes. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Perry, R. W.; Kock, T. J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Courter, I. I.; Garrison, T. M.] Cramer Fish Sci, Gresham, OR USA. [Hubble, J. D.] US Bur Reclamat, Yakima, WA USA. [Child, D. B.] DC Consulting LLC, Yakima, WA USA. [Courter, I. I.] Mt Hood Environm, POB 744, Boring, OR 97009 USA. [Garrison, T. M.] Fish Passage Ctr, 847 NE 19th Ave Suite 250, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM rperry@usgs.gov FU US Bureau of Reclamation; Yakima Basin Joint Board FX This project was funded by the US Bureau of Reclamation and the Yakima Basin Joint Board. We thank our collaborators and colleagues with the Yakima Nation, NOAA Fisheries, US Geological Survey and Cramer Fish Sciences who provided valuable assistance with fish collection, tagging and mobile tracking during the study period. In particular, we thank Mark Johnston and his staff with the Yakima Nation who were invaluable to the success of this study. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank Sean Gross (National Marine Fisheries Service) and Pat Monk (US Fish and Wildlife Service) for their comments on earlier versions of this document. Two anonymous reviewers provide helpful comments that improved the manuscript. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 32 IS 10 BP 2009 EP 2019 DI 10.1002/rra.3059 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA EE8YG UT WOS:000389912000002 ER PT J AU Bunt, CM Castro-Santos, T Haro, A AF Bunt, C. M. Castro-Santos, T. Haro, A. TI Reinforcement and Validation of the Analyses and Conclusions Related to Fishway Evaluation Data from Bunt et al.: "Performance of Fish Passage Structures at Upstream Barriers to Migration' SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fish passage; monitoring; evaluations; adaptive management; fishways ID ATLANTIC SALMON; TECHNICAL FISHWAYS; REGULATED RIVER; PARANA RIVER; DAM; EFFICIENCY; BEHAVIOR; ATTRACTION; FACILITIES; MODELS AB Detailed re-examination of the datasets that were used for a meta-analysis of fishway attraction and passage revealed a number of errors that we addressed and corrected. We subsequently re-analysed the revised dataset, and results showed no significant changes in the primary conclusions of the original study; for most species, effective performance cannot be assured for any fishway type. C1 [Bunt, C. M.] Biotact Fisheries Res & Monitoring Biotact Inc, 691 Hidden Valley Rd, Kitchener, ON N2C 2S4, Canada. [Castro-Santos, T.; Haro, A.] SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. RP Bunt, CM (reprint author), Biotact Fisheries Res & Monitoring Biotact Inc, 691 Hidden Valley Rd, Kitchener, ON N2C 2S4, Canada. EM cbunt@biotactic.com NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 32 IS 10 BP 2125 EP 2137 DI 10.1002/rra.3095 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA EE8YG UT WOS:000389912000012 ER PT J AU Guderyahn, LB Smithers, AP Mims, MC AF Guderyahn, Laura B. Smithers, Ashley P. Mims, Meryl C. TI Assessing habitat requirements of pond-breeding amphibians in a highly urbanized landscape: implications for management SO URBAN ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Amphibian habitat; Amphibian management; Habitat occupancy; Habitat threshold; Hydroperiod; Urban landscape ID RED-LEGGED FROGS; AMBYSTOMA-GRACILE; STORMWATER PONDS; SPECIES RICHNESS; RANA-AURORA; LAND-USE; HYDROPERIOD; WETLANDS; GROWTH; CONSEQUENCES AB Management of urban aquatic habitats for native wildlife, such as amphibians, is an important contemporary goal for many municipalities. However, our understanding of how local and landscape characteristics of urban aquatic habitat promote or inhibit amphibian occupancy and recruitment is limited. In this study, we examined amphibian community composition and occurrence patterns in ponds, wetlands, and swales of Gresham, Oregon. We collected occurrence data for five native amphibians: northwestern salamander (Ambystoma gracile), long-toed salamander (A. macrodactylum), Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla), northern red-legged frog (Rana aurora aurora), and rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa) as well as one non-native amphibian, the American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus). One hundred sites were surveyed from 2007 to 2013. Local and landscape attributes were characterized for each site, and potential drivers of species occupancy were evaluated using a combination of multivariate approaches and generalized linear models. In general, percent impervious surface and distance to nearest forest patch, both associated with urbanization, were negatively correlated with site occupancy for all species. Non-native vegetation was also negatively associated with occupancy of three species (long-toed salamanders, Pacific chorus frogs, and northern red-legged frogs). In contrast, occupancy was positively correlated with pond depth and hydroperiod length for all species. We found evidence of two distinct groups of co-occurring amphibian species driven by habitat depth and hydroperiod. Finally, we report results of threshold analyses that examined species-specific habitat associations. This study describes urban habitat associations of a native amphibian community, identifies factors with positive, negative or mixed relationships with amphibian species, and is an important step in informing the management of urban aquatic habitat to promote persistence of native amphibians. C1 [Guderyahn, Laura B.] City Gresham, Nat Resources Program, 1333 NW Eastman Pkwy, Gresham, OR 97030 USA. [Smithers, Ashley P.] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Mims, Meryl C.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Mims, Meryl C.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Guderyahn, LB (reprint author), City Gresham, Nat Resources Program, 1333 NW Eastman Pkwy, Gresham, OR 97030 USA. EM lguderyahn@gmail.com OI Mims, Meryl/0000-0003-0570-988X FU National Science Foundation [DGE-0718124] FX We would like to thank all of the City of Gresham Watershed Division for assisting the Natural Resource Program with collecting and assessing data on City ponds, wetlands and swales. In addition, City of Gresham Mapping Department assisted with GIS analyses and mapping. Special thanks to those who reviewed the manuscript and gave feedback: T. Brimecombe, C. Corkran, T. Curry, K. Holzer, K. Majidi, and Dr. J. Maser. M. Mims was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (Grant No. DGE-0718124). NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 24 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1083-8155 EI 1573-1642 J9 URBAN ECOSYST JI Urban Ecosyst. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1801 EP 1821 DI 10.1007/s11252-016-0569-6 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Urban Studies SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies GA EF0ML UT WOS:000390019400021 ER PT J AU Schulte, SA Simons, TR AF Schulte, Shiloh A. Simons, Theodore R. TI Hurricane Disturbance Benefits Nesting American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Oystercatcher; climate change; demographics; fecundity; Haematopus palliatus; hurricane; nest predation ID NORTH-CAROLINA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ISLAND; INTENSITY AB Coastal ecosystems are under increasing pressure from human activity, introduced species, sea level rise, and storm activity. Hurricanes are a powerful destructive force, but can also renew coastal habitats. In 2003, Hurricane Isabel altered the barrier islands of North Carolina, flattening dunes and creating sand flats. American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) are large shorebirds that inhabit the coastal zone throughout the year. Alternative survival models were evaluated for 699 American Oystercatcher nests on North Core Banks and South Core Banks, North Carolina, USA, from 1999-2007. Nest survival on North Core Banks increased from 0.170 (SE = 0.002) to 0.772 (SE = 0.090) after the hurricane, with a carry-over effect lasting 2 years. A simple year effects model described nest survival on South Core Banks. Habitat had no effect on survival except when the overall rate of nest survival was at intermediate levels (0.300-0.600), when nests on open flats survived at a higher rate (0.600; SE = 0.112) than nests in dune habitat (0.243; SE = 0.094). Predator activity declined on North Core Banks after the hurricane and corresponded with an increase in nest survival. Periodic years with elevated nest survival may offset low annual productivity and contribute to the stability of American Oystercatcher populations. C1 [Schulte, Shiloh A.] Manomet, 125 Manomet Point Rd, Plymouth, MA 02360 USA. [Simons, Theodore R.] North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Simons, TR (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tsimons@ncsu.edu NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2016 VL 39 IS 4 BP 327 EP 337 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EE9SH UT WOS:000389966000001 ER PT J AU Bluso-Demers, JD Ackerman, JT Takekawa, JY Peterson, SH AF Bluso-Demers, Jill D. Ackerman, Joshua T. Takekawa, John Y. Peterson, Sarah H. TI Habitat Selection by Forster's Terns (Sterna forsteri) at Multiple Spatial Scales in an Urbanized Estuary: the Importance of Salt Ponds SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Forster's Tern; habitat use; salinity; salt ponds; San Francisco Bay; space use; Sterna forsteri ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SPACE USE; AMERICAN AVOCETS; HOME-RANGE; MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; AVIAN COMMUNITIES; COLONY ATTENDANCE; EVAPORATION PONDS; COMMON TERNS; SALINITY AB The highly urbanized San Francisco Bay Estuary, California, USA, is currently undergoing large-scale habitat restoration, and several thousand hectares of former salt evaporation ponds are being converted to tidal marsh. To identify potential effects of this habitat restoration on breeding waterbirds, habitat selection of radio tagged Forster's Terns (Sterna forster) was examined at multiple spatial scales during the pre-breeding and breeding seasons of 2005 and 2006. At each spatial scale, habitat selection ratios were calculated by season, year, and sex. Forster's Terns selected salt pond habitats at most spatial scales and demonstrated the importance of salt ponds for foraging and roosting. Salinity influenced the types of salt pond habitats that were selected. Specifically, Forster's Terns strongly selected lower salinity salt ponds (0.5-30 g/L) and generally avoided higher salinity salt ponds 31 g/L). Forster's Terns typically used tidal marsh and managed marsh habitats in proportion to their availability, avoided upland and tidal flat habitats, and strongly avoided open bay habitats. Salt ponds provide important habitat for breeding waterbirds, and restoration efforts to convert former salt ponds to tidal marsh may reduce the availability of preferred breeding and foraging areas. C1 [Bluso-Demers, Jill D.; Ackerman, Joshua T.; Peterson, Sarah H.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Bluso-Demers, Jill D.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Bluso-Demers, Jill D.; Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Bluso-Demers, Jill D.] Humboldt Cty Resource Conservat Dist, 5630 South Broadway, Eureka, CA 95503 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] Audubon Calif, 376 Greenwood Beach Rd, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov FU CalFed Bay Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program; U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center FX We thank S. Demers, E. French, J. McLean, B. Hill, S. Moskal, J. Northrup, K. Dybala, M. Truwe, E. Eppinger, J. Green, L. Demboz, R. Gates, R. Wilming, A. Rex, C. Eagles-Smith, T. Adelsbach, S. Stoner-Duncan, C. Strong, J. Hanson, and L. Anderson for their assistance in the field. We are thankful to N. Atheam of the U.S. Geological Survey and C. Robinson-Nilsen of San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory for permission to cite unpublished data. This manuscript benefited from the comments of M. Colwell, M. Ricca, N. Athearn, and S. Demers. J. Yee provided valuable statistical advice. Staff of the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge (C. Morris), California Department of Fish and Wildlife (J. Krause, T. Huffman, C. Wilcox, L. Wycoff), San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge (C. Smith), and Can Club Duck Club (L. Allen, B. Bonnett) provided logistical support and access. We captured, collected, and marked terns under California Department of Fish and Wildlife scientific collection, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory permits, and we conducted research under the guidelines of the U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Animal Care and Use Committee. This research was funded under the CalFed Bay Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program with additional support from the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2016 VL 39 IS 4 BP 375 EP 387 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EE9SH UT WOS:000389966000006 ER PT J AU Althouse, MA Cohen, JB Spendelow, JA Karpanty, SM Davis, KL Parsons, KC Luttazi, CF AF Althouse, Melissa A. Cohen, Jonathan B. Spendelow, Jeffrey A. Karpanty, Sarah M. Davis, Kayla L. Parsons, Katharine C. Luttazi, Cristin F. TI Quantifying the Effects of Research Band Resighting Activities on Staging Terns in Comparison to Other Disturbances SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE behavior; Common Tern; disturbance; pre-migratory; researcher effects; Roseate Tern; Sterna dougallii; Sterna hirundo ID BEHAVIOR; GULLS; WATERBIRDS; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; HIRUNDO; BIRD; MASS AB Avian research that involves potential disturbance to the study species may have unintended fitness consequences and could lead to biases in measurements of interest. The effects of band resighting on the behavior of mixed-species flocks of staging waterbirds were evaluated against recreational pedestrian activity that was expected to cause flushing. We found a model with additive effects of distance (near, 0-50 m, or far, 50-200 m) and disturbance type (researcher or pedestrian) best explained flock behaviors. The proportion of staging flocks that flushed in response to pedestrians was greatest when pedestrians were within 50 m of the flock. Virtually no flushes were observed in response to researchers, regardless of distance. These results could assist in alleviating concerns that accepted protocols used for intensive band resighting studies on staging seabirds of special conservation status, such as Roseate (Sterna dougallii) and Common (S. hirundo) terns, may have adverse effects. Our framework could be used by others to test the effects of similar research on sensitive species. Received 24 April, 2016, accepted 11 June 2016. C1 [Althouse, Melissa A.; Cohen, Jonathan B.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Spendelow, Jeffrey A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Karpanty, Sarah M.; Davis, Kayla L.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Parsons, Katharine C.; Luttazi, Cristin F.] Mass Audubon, Coastal Waterbird Program, Lincoln, MA 01773 USA. RP Althouse, MA (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM Maalthou@syr.edu FU U.S. National Park Service, Cape Cod National Seashore; Roy W. Glahn Memorial Scholarship Fund (CNY Wild-fowlers Association); Edna Baily Sussman Foundation (SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX Funding and logistical support were provided by the U.S. National Park Service, Cape Cod National Seashore (especially M. Hake, B. Cook, and J. Taylor); Roy W. Glahn Memorial Scholarship Fund (CNY Wild-fowlers Association); Edna Baily Sussman Foundation (SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry); and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Research at Cape Cod National Seashore was performed under permits CACO-2014-SCI-0007, -0015, -0019, and -0020. K. Iaquinto (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) provided site access to Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge. J. Correia, J. May, S. Brady, and P. L. Gallo assisted with data collection. We thank T. Custer and two anonymous reviewers for comments on this manuscript. All banding of Roseate Terns by other partners was done under appropriate Federal and State permits and with the approval of the USGS-PWRC Animal Care and Use Committee. All applicable ethical guidelines for the use of birds in research have been followed, including those presented in the Ornithological Council's "Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research". The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2016 VL 39 IS 4 BP 417 EP 421 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA EE9SH UT WOS:000389966000011 ER PT J AU Shiau, YJ Burchell, M Krauss, K Birgand, F Broome, S AF Shiau, Yo-Jin Burchell, Michael R. Krauss, Ken W. Birgand, Francois Broome, Stephen W. TI Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Created Brackish Marsh in Eastern North Carolina SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Brackish marsh creation; Greenhouse gas emission; Carbon dioxide; Methane; Carbon sequestration ID FRESH-WATER WETLAND; GULF-COAST WETLANDS; ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; METHANE EMISSIONS; SALT-MARSH; RIPARIAN MARSHES; OXIDE REDUCTION; JUNCUS-EFFUSUS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SALINITY AB Tidal marsh creation helps remediate global warming because tidal wetlands are especially proficient at sequestering carbon (C) in soils. However, greenhouse gas (GHG) losses can offset the climatic benefits gained from C storage depending on how these tidal marshes are constructed and managed. This study attempts to determine the GHG emissions from a 4-6 year old created brackish marsh, what environmental factors governed these emissions, and how the magnitude of the fluxes relates to other wetland ecosystems. The static flux chamber method was used to measure GHG fluxes across three distinct plant zones segregated by elevation. The major of soil GHG fluxes from the marsh were from CO2 (-48-192 mg C m(-2) h(-1)), although it was near the lower end of values reported from other wetland types having lower salinities, and would mostly be offset by photosynthetic uptake in this created brackish marsh. Methane flux was also low (-0.33-0.86 mg C m(-2) h(-1)), likely inhibited by the high soil SO4 (2-) and soil redox potentials poised above -150 mV in this in this created brackish marsh environment. Low N2O flux (-0.11-0.10 mg N m(-2) h(-1)) was due to low soil NO3 (-) and soil redox conditions favoring complete denitrification. GHG fluxes from this created brackish marsh were generally lower than those recorded from natural marshes, suggesting that C sequestration may not be offset by the radiative forcing from soil GHG emissions if projects are designed properly. C1 [Shiau, Yo-Jin] Acad Sinica, Biodivers Res Ctr, 128 Acad Rd,Sec 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Burchell, Michael R.; Birgand, Francois] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 200 Weaver Labs Admin,Box 7625, Raleigh, NC USA. [Krauss, Ken W.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA USA. [Broome, Stephen W.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Williams Hall,Box 7619, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Shiau, YJ (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Biodivers Res Ctr, 128 Acad Rd,Sec 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. EM yshiau@ncsu.edu OI Shiau, Yo-Jin/0000-0003-1368-6761 FU USGS Wetland and Aquatic Research Center through cooperative [G11 AC20358] FX This research was funded by USGS Wetland and Aquatic Research Center through cooperative agreement G11 AC20358. We thank Rebecca F. Moss (Cherokee Nation Technologies) for analyzing the gas samples, and Rachel Huie at NC State University, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering for analyzing the pore water samples. We thank Jason Osborne at NC State University Department of Statistics for consulting on statistical analysis. Randall Etheridge, Magdlena Rabiipour, Bryan Maxwell, John Hutcherson, Ian Cader, Molly Mikan, Carolyn Currin, Nicole Cormier, and Rebecca F. Moss provided field assistance for chamber installation and/or gas sampling. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government or NC State University. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2016 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1009 EP 1024 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0815-y PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE5FE UT WOS:000389630100003 ER PT J AU Bulla, M Valcu, M Dokter, AM Dondua, AG Kosztolanyi, A Rutten, AL Helm, B Sandercock, BK Casler, B Ens, BJ Spiegel, CS Hassell, CJ Kupper, C Minton, C Burgas, D Lank, DB Payer, DC Loktionov, EY Nol, E Kwon, E Smith, F Gates, HR Vitnerova, H Pruter, H Johnson, JA St Clair, JJH Lamarre, JF Rausch, J Reneerkens, J Conklin, JR Burger, J Liebezeit, J Bety, J Coleman, JT Figuerola, J Hooijmeijer, JCEW Alves, JA Smith, JAM Weidinger, K Koivula, K Gosbell, K Exo, KM Niles, L Koloski, L McKinnon, L Praus, L Klaassen, M Giroux, MA Sladecek, M Boldenow, ML Goldstein, MI Salek, M Senner, N Ronka, N Lecomte, N Gilg, O Vincze, O Johnson, OW Smith, PA Woodard, PF Tomkovich, PS Battley, PF Bentzen, R Lanctot, RB Porter, R Saalfeld, ST Freeman, S Brown, SC Yezerinac, S Szekely, T Montalvo, T Piersma, T Loverti, V Pakanen, VM Tijsen, W Kempenaers, B AF Bulla, Martin Valcu, Mihai Dokter, Adriaan M. . Dondua, Alexei G. Kosztolanyi, Andras Rutten, Anne L. Helm, Barbara Sandercock, Brett K. Casler, Bruce Ens, Bruno J. Spiegel, Caleb S. Hassell, Chris J. Kuepper, Clemens Minton, Clive Burgas, Daniel Lank, David B. Payer, David C. Loktionov, Egor Y. Nol, Erica Kwon, Eunbi Smith, Fletcher Gates, H. River Vitnerova, Hana Prueter, Hanna Johnson, James A. St Clair, James J. H. Lamarre, Jean-Francois Rausch, Jennie Reneerkens, Jeroen Conklin, Jesse R. . Burger, Joanna Liebezeit, Joe Bety, Joel Coleman, Jonathan T. Figuerola, Jordi Hooijmeijer, Jos C. . E. . W. Alves, Jose A. Smith, Joseph A. M. . Weidinger, Karel Koivula, Kari Gosbell, Ken Exo, Klaus-Michael Niles, Larry Koloski, Laura McKinnon, Laura Praus, Libor Klaassen, Marcel Giroux, Marie-Andree Sladecek, Martin Boldenow, Megan L. Goldstein, Michael I. Salek, Miroslav Senner, Nathan Ronka, Nelli Lecomte, Nicolas Gilg, Olivier Vincze, Orsolya Johnson, Oscar W. Smith, Paul A. Woodard, Paul F. Tomkovich, Pavel S. Battley, Phil F. Bentzen, Rebecca Lanctot, Richard B. . Porter, Ron Saalfeld, Sarah T. Freeman, Scott Brown, Stephen C. . Yezerinac, Stephen Szekely, Tamas Montalvo, Tomas Piersma, Theunis Loverti, Vanessa Pakanen, Veli-Matti Tijsen, Wim Kempenaers, Bart TI Unexpected diversity in socially synchronized rhythms of shorebirds SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID INCUBATION PATTERNS; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; SEXUAL SELECTION; GEOLOCATOR DATA; NEST PREDATION; PHYLOGENIES; BIRDS; EVOLUTION; CLOCKS; ROLES AB The behavioural rhythms of organisms are thought to be under strong selection, influenced by the rhythmicity of the environment(1-4). Such behavioural rhythms are well studied in isolated individuals under laboratory conditions(1,5), but free-living individuals have to temporally synchronize their activities with those of others, including potential mates, competitors, prey and predators(6-10). Individuals can temporally segregate their daily activities (for example, prey avoiding predators, subordinates avoiding dominants) or synchronize their activities (for example, group foraging, communal defence, pairs reproducing or caring for offspring)(6-9,11). The behavioural rhythms that emerge from such social synchronization and the underlying evolutionary and ecological drivers that shape them remain poorly understood(5-7,9). Here we investigate these rhythms in the context of biparental care, a particularly sensitive phase of social synchronization(12) where pair members potentially compromise their individual rhythms. Using data from 729 nests of 91 populations of 32 biparentally incubating shorebird species, where parents synchronize to achieve continuous coverage of developing eggs, we report remarkable within-and between-species diversity in incubation rhythms. Between species, the median length of one parent's incubation bout varied from 1-19 h, whereas period length-the time in which a parent's probability to incubate cycles once between its highest and lowest value-varied from 6-43 h. The length of incubation bouts was unrelated to variables reflecting energetic demands, but species relying on crypsis (the ability to avoid detection by other animals) had longer incubation bouts than those that are readily visible or who actively protect their nest against predators. Rhythms entrainable to the 24-h light-dark cycle were less prevalent at high latitudes and absent in 18 species. Our results indicate that even under similar environmental conditions and despite 24-h environmental cues, social synchronization can generate far more diverse behavioural rhythms than expected from studies of individuals in captivity(5-7,9). The risk of predation, not the risk of starvation, may be a key factor underlying the diversity in these rhythms. C1 [Bulla, Martin; Valcu, Mihai; Rutten, Anne L.; Kempenaers, Bart] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Dept Behav Ecol & Evolutionary Genet, Eberhard Gwinner Str, D-82319 Seewiesen, Germany. [Dokter, Adriaan M. .] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosystem Dynam, Computat Geo Ecol, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Dondua, Alexei G.] Gatchinskaya,Apartment 27, St Petersburg 197198, Russia. [Kosztolanyi, Andras] Univ Vet Med Budapest, Dept Ecol, Rottenbiller U 50, H-1077 Budapest, Hungary. [Kosztolanyi, Andras; Vincze, Orsolya] Univ Debrecen, Dept Evolutionary Zool, MTA DE Lendulet Behav Ecol Res Grp, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary. [Rutten, Anne L.] Apiloa GmbH, D-82319 Starnberg, Germany. [Helm, Barbara] Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Graham Kerr Bldg, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Sandercock, Brett K.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Casler, Bruce] POB 1094, Fallon, NV 89407 USA. [Ens, Bruno J.] Sovon Dutch Ctr Field Ornithol, Coastal Ecol Team, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. [Spiegel, Caleb S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. [Hassell, Chris J.] Global Flyway Network, POB 3089, Broome, Western Austral 6725, Australia. [Kuepper, Clemens] Graz Univ, Inst Zool, Univ Pl 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Minton, Clive] Victorian Wader Study Grp, 165 Dalgetty Rd, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Burgas, Daniel] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, POB 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Burgas, Daniel] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, POB 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Lank, David B.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby V5A 1S6, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Payer, David C.] Natl Pk Serv, Alaska Reg, 240 W 5th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Loktionov, Egor Y.] Bauman Moscow State Tech Univ, State Lab Photon Energet, 2nd Baumanskaya St,5-1, Moscow 105005, Russia. [Nol, Erica] Trent Univ, Biol Dept, 2140 East Bank Dr, Peterborough K9L 0G2, ON, Canada. [Kwon, Eunbi] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, 310 West Campus Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Smith, Fletcher] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, POB 8795, Williamsburg, VA USA. [Smith, Fletcher] Coll William & Mary, Ctr Conservat Biol, POB 8795, Williamsburg, VA USA. [Gates, H. River] Pacific Ecol Serv, 17520 Snow Crest Lane, Anchorage, AK 99516 USA. [Gates, H. River; Johnson, James A.; Lanctot, Richard B. .; Saalfeld, Sarah T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, 1011 East Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Gates, H. River; Brown, Stephen C. .] Shorebird Recovery Program, POB 545, Saxtons River, VT 05154 USA. [Vitnerova, Hana] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Albertov 6, Prague 12843, Czech Republic. [Prueter, Hanna] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, Dept Wildlife Dis, Alfred Kowalke Str 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany. [St Clair, James J. H.] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Biodivers Lab, Bath BA1 7AY, Avon, England. [St Clair, James J. H.] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Evolutionary Biol, Sch Biol, Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Austral 6009, Australia. [Lamarre, Jean-Francois; Bety, Joel] Univ Quebe Rimouski, Dept Biol Chim & Geographie, 300 Alle Ursulines, Rimouski G5L 3A1, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. [Lamarre, Jean-Francois; Bety, Joel] Univ Quebe Rimouski, CEN, 300 Alle Ursulines, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. [Rausch, Jennie; Woodard, Paul F.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, POB 2310,5019-52nd St,4th Floor, Yellowknife X1A 2P7, NT, Canada. [Reneerkens, Jeroen; Conklin, Jesse R. .; Hooijmeijer, Jos C. . E. . W.; Senner, Nathan; Piersma, Theunis] Univ Groningen, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci, Conservat Ecol Grp, Nijenborgh 7, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. [Burger, Joanna] Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, 604-Allison Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Liebezeit, Joe] Audubon Soc Portland, 5151 NW Cornell Rd, Portland, OR 97210 USA. [Coleman, Jonathan T.] Queensland Wader Study Grp, 22 Parker St, Brisbane, Qld 4128, Australia. [Figuerola, Jordi] CSIC, Donana Biol Stn, Dept Wetland Ecol, Ave Amer Vespucio,S-N, Seville 41092, Spain. [Alves, Jose A.] Univ Aveiro, Dept Biol, Ctr Environm & Marine Studies CESAM, Campus Santiago, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Alves, Jose A.] Univ Iceland, South Iceland Res Ctr, IS-800 Fjolheimar, Selfoss, Iceland. [Smith, Joseph A. M. .] LJ Niles Associates, POB 784, Cape May, NJ 08204 USA. [Weidinger, Karel; Praus, Libor] Palacky Univ, Dept Zool & Lab Ornithol, 17 Listopadu 50, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic. [Koivula, Kari; Ronka, Nelli; Pakanen, Veli-Matti] Univ Oulu, Dept Ecol, POB 3000, Oulu 90014, Finland. [Gosbell, Ken] Australasian Wader Studies Grp, 1-19 Baldwin Rd, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Exo, Klaus-Michael] Inst Avian Res, Vogelwarte Helgoland, Vogelwarte 21, D-26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. [Niles, Larry] LJ Niles Associates, 109 Market Lane, Greenwich, CT 08323 USA. [Koloski, Laura] Trent Univ, Environm & Life Sci, 1600 West Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K0L 0G2, Canada. [McKinnon, Laura] York Univ Glendon Campus, Bilingual Biol Program, 2275 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON M4N 3M6, Canada. [Klaassen, Marcel] Deakin Univ, Ctr Integrat Ecol, 75 Pigdons Rd, Geelong, Vic 3216, Australia. [Giroux, Marie-Andree] Univ Quebec Rimouski, Canada Res Northern Biodivers, 300,Allee Ursulines, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A8, Canada. [Giroux, Marie-Andree] Univ Quebec Rimouski, Ctr Etudes Nord, 300,Allee Ursulines, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A8, Canada. [Giroux, Marie-Andree; Lecomte, Nicolas] Univ Moncton, Canada Res Polar & Boreal Ecol, 18 Ave Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB E4K 1A6, Canada. [Giroux, Marie-Andree; Lecomte, Nicolas] Univ Moncton, Ctr Etudes Nord, 18 Ave Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB E4K 1A6, Canada. [Sladecek, Martin; Salek, Miroslav] Czech Univ Life Sci Prague, Fac Environm Sci, Kamyck 1176, Prague 16521, Czech Republic. [Boldenow, Megan L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, POB 756100, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Goldstein, Michael I.] Univ Alaska Southeast, Alaska Coastal Rainforest Ctr, 11120 Glacier Hwy, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Senner, Nathan] Cornell Lab Ornithol, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Gilg, Olivier] Univ Bourgogne Franche Comte, Equipe Ecol Evolut, UMR Biogeosci 6282, 6 Bd Gabriel, F-21000 Dijon, France. [Gilg, Olivier] Grp Rech Ecol Arct, 16 Rue Vernot, F-21440 Francheville, France. [Vincze, Orsolya] Babes Bolyai Univ, Hungarian Dept Biol & Ecol, Evolutionary Ecol Grp, Clinicilor 5-7, RO-400006 Cluj Napoca, Romania. [Johnson, Oscar W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Smith, Paul A.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Wildlife Res Div, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Tomkovich, Pavel S.] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Zool Museum, Bolshaya Nikitskaya St 6, Moscow 125009, Russia. [Battley, Phil F.] Massey Univ, Inst Agr Environm, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Bentzen, Rebecca] Arctic Beringia Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, 925 Schloesser Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Porter, Ron] Delaware Bay Shorebird Project, Ambler, PA 19002 USA. [Freeman, Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arctic Natl Wildlife Refuge, 101 12th Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Yezerinac, Stephen] Fieldday Consulting, Surrey, BC V4N 6M5, Canada. [Szekely, Tamas] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Milner Ctr Evolut, Claverton, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Montalvo, Tomas] Agencia Salut Publ Barcelona, Serv Vigilancia & Control Plagues Urbanes, Ave Princep Asturies 63, Barcelona 8012, Spain. [Piersma, Theunis] NIOZ Royal Netherlands, Inst Sea Res, Dept Coastal Syst, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. [Piersma, Theunis] Univ Utrecht, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. [Loverti, Vanessa] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird & Habitat Program, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Tijsen, Wim] Poelweg 12, NL-1778 KB Westerland, Netherlands. RP Bulla, M; Kempenaers, B (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Dept Behav Ecol & Evolutionary Genet, Eberhard Gwinner Str, D-82319 Seewiesen, Germany. EM bulla.mar@gmail.com; b.kempenaers@orn.mpg.de RI Kosztolanyi, Andras/B-8008-2016; Pakanen, Veli-Matti/L-8134-2015; GILG, Olivier/C-2588-2008; Figuerola, Jordi/B-7917-2008; CESAM, UA/M-3762-2015; OI Kosztolanyi, Andras/0000-0002-9109-5871; GILG, Olivier/0000-0002-9083-4492; Figuerola, Jordi/0000-0002-4664-9011; Reneerkens, Jeroen/0000-0003-0674-8143; Alves, Jose/0000-0001-7182-0936 FU Max Planck Society FX We thank all that made the data collection possible. We are grateful to W. Schwartz, E. Schlicht, W. Forstmeier, M. Baldwin, H. Fried Petersen, D. Starr-Glass and B. Bulla for comments on the manuscript and to F. Korner-Nievergelt, J. D. Hadfield, L. Z. Garamszegi, S. Nakagawa, T. Roth, N. Dochtermann, Y. Araya, E. Miller and H. Schielzeth for advice on data analysis. Data collection was supported by various institutions and people listed in supplementary data 1 at https://osf.io/sq8gk (ref. 16). The study was supported by the Max Planck Society (to B.K.). M.B. is a PhD student in the International Max Planck Research School for Organismal Biology. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 95 U2 95 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 540 IS 7631 BP 109 EP + DI 10.1038/nature20563 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ED5UA UT WOS:000388916600058 PM 27880762 ER PT J AU Reynolds, RL Munson, SM Fernandez, D Goldstein, HL Neff, JC AF Reynolds, Richard L. Munson, Seth M. Fernandez, Daniel Goldstein, Harland L. Neff, Jason C. TI Concentrations of mineral aerosol from desert to plains across the central Rocky Mountains, western United States SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Desert dust; Air pollution; Mineral aerosols; Total suspended particulates (TSP); Western North America ID 2002 DUST STORM; CANARY-ISLANDS; NORTH-AMERICA; AIR-QUALITY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; AEOLIAN DUST; DEPOSITION; EVENTS; USA; TRANSPORT AB Mineral dusts can have profound effects on climate, clouds, ecosystem processes, and human health. Because regional dust emission and deposition in western North America are not well understood, measurements of total suspended particulate (TSP) from 2011 to 2013 were made along a 500-km transect of five remote sites in Utah and Colorado, USA. The TSP concentrations in mu g m(-3) adjusted to a 24-h period were relatively high at the two westernmost, dryland sites at Canyonlands National Park (mean = 135) and at Mesa Verde National Park (mean = 99), as well as at the easternmost site on the Great Plains (mean = 143). The TSP concentrations at the two intervening montane sites were less, with more loading on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains (Telluride, mean = 68) closest to the desert sites compared with the site on the eastern slope (Niwot Ridge, mean = 58). Dust concentrations were commonly highest during late winter-late spring, when Pacific frontal storms are the dominant causes of regional wind. Low concentrations (<7 wt%) of organic matter indicated that rock-derived mineral particles composed most TSP. Most TSP mass was carried by particle sizes larger than 10 mu m (PM>10), as revealed by relatively low average daily concentrations of fine (<5 mu g m(-3); PM2.5) and coarse (<10 mu g m(-3); PM2.5-10) fractions monitored at or near four sites. Standard air-quality measurements for PM2.5 and PM10 apparently do not capture the large majority of mineral-particulate pollution in the remote western interior U.S. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Reynolds, Richard L.; Goldstein, Harland L.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Reynolds, Richard L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Munson, Seth M.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Fernandez, Daniel] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, UCB 399, Boulder, CO USA. [Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, UCB 397, Boulder, CO USA. RP Reynolds, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rreynolds@usgs.gov OI Goldstein, Harland/0000-0002-6092-8818 FU San Miguel County Department of Public Health at the TEL site; University of Colorado Mountain Research Station at the NIW site; U.S.G.S. FX We thank Corey Lawrence, Paul Jewell, and two anonymous referees for improving the manuscript and Paco VanSistene for preparing Fig. 1. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) including Joe Carlson, Kevin Moore, and Lofton Wiley at Canyonlands National Park, George San Miguel and Paul Bohmann at Mesa Verde National Park, and Mark Miller for access and permissions. We are further grateful for the support by Mark Lindquist at the SGS site, the San Miguel County Department of Public Health at the TEL site, and the University of Colorado Mountain Research Station at the NIW site. Rich Sutton and Rian Bogle (both U.S. Geological Survey) were responsible for creating the record of dust storms from satellite retrievals. Frank Urban (USGS) provided remote digital camera images of atmospheric dust at the CNP and MVNP sites and at other locations that enabled direct observations of regionally widespread dust. Chris Landry (Colorado Snow and Avalanche Center) kindly provided samples of dust-on-snow. Access to IMPROVE data at http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve/ is gratefully acknowledged. This research was supported by the Climate and Land-Use Change and the Status and Trends Programs of the U.S.G.S. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 EI 2212-1684 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 23 BP 21 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.09.001 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA ED8ZI UT WOS:000389159200003 ER PT J AU Robinson, OJ McGowan, CP Apodaca, JJ AF Robinson, O. J. McGowan, C. P. Apodaca, J. J. TI Decision analysis for habitat conservation of an endangered, range-limited salamander SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE applied landscape genetics; habitat conservation; Phaeognathus hubrichti; Red Hills salamander; structured decision making; decision analysis; conservation planning; stakeholders ID RED HILLS SALAMANDER; PHAEOGNATHUS-HUBRICHTI; MANAGEMENT; BIODIVERSITY; OBJECTIVES; SELECTION AB Many species of conservation concern are habitat limited and often a major focus of management for these species is habitat acquisition and/or restoration. Deciding the location of habitat restoration or acquisition to best benefit a protected species can be a complicated subject with competing management objectives, ecological uncertainties and stochasticity. Structured decision making (SDM) could be a useful approach for explicitly incorporating those complexities while still working toward species conservation and/or recovery. We applied an SDM approach to Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti habitat conservation decision making. Phaeognathus hubrichti is a severely range-limited endemic species in south central Alabama and has highly specific habitat requirements. Many known populations live on private lands and the primary mode of habitat protection is habitat conservation planning, but such plans are non-binding and not permanent. Working with stakeholders, we developed an objectives hierarchy linking land acquisition or protection actions to fundamental objectives. We built a model to assess and compare the quality of the habitat in the known range of P. hubrichti. Our model evaluated key habitat attributes of 5814 pixels of 1 km(2) each and ranked the pixels from best to worst with respect to P. hubrichti habitat requirements. Our results are a spatially explicit valuation of each pixel, with respect to its probable benefit to P. hubrichti populations. The results of this effort will be used to rank pixels from most to least beneficial, then identify land owners in the most useful areas for salamanders who are willing to sell or enter into a permanent easement agreement. C1 [Robinson, O. J.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 602 Duncan Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [McGowan, C. P.] Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Apodaca, J. J.] Warren Wilson Coll, Asheville, NC USA. RP Robinson, OJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 602 Duncan Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM ojr0001@auburn.edu NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 19 IS 6 BP 561 EP 569 DI 10.1111/acv.12275 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ED2ZI UT WOS:000388718400013 ER PT J AU Erhardt, JM Tiffan, KF AF Erhardt, John M. Tiffan, Kenneth F. TI Ecology of nonnative Siberian prawn (Palaemon modestus) in the lower Snake River, Washington, USA SO AQUATIC ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; Abundance; Distribution; Freshwater shrimp; Zero-inflation modeling; Reproduction ID FRESH-WATER PRAWN; SWIMMING RESPONSE; CARIDEAN SHRIMPS; UNITED-STATES; SALMON; DECAPODA; GROWTH; LAKE; REPRODUCTION; ABUNDANCE AB We assessed the abundance, distribution, and ecology of the nonnative Siberian prawn Palaemon modestus in the lower Snake River, Washington, USA. Analysis of prawn passage abundance at three Snake River dams showed that populations are growing at exponential rates, especially at Little Goose Dam where over 464,000 prawns were collected in 2015. Monthly beam trawling during 2011-2013 provided information on prawn abundance and distribution in Lower Granite and Little Goose Reservoirs. Zero-inflated regression predicted that the probability of prawn presence increased with decreasing water velocity and increasing depth. Negative binomial models predicted higher catch rates of prawns in deeper water and in closer proximity to dams. Temporally, prawn densities decreased slightly in the summer, likely due to the mortality of older individuals, and then increased in autumn and winter with the emergence and recruitment of young of the year. Seasonal length frequencies showed that distinct juvenile and adult size classes exist throughout the year, suggesting prawns live from 1 to 2 years and may be able to reproduce multiple times during their life. Most juvenile prawns become reproductive adults in 1 year, and peak reproduction occurs from late July through October. Mean fecundity (189 eggs) and reproductive output (11.9 %) are similar to that in their native range. The current use of deep habitats by prawns likely makes them unavailable to most predators in the reservoirs. The distribution and role of Siberian prawns in the lower Snake River food web will probably continue to change as the population grows and warrants continued monitoring and investigation. C1 [Erhardt, John M.; Tiffan, Kenneth F.] Western Fisheries Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Tiffan, KF (reprint author), Western Fisheries Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM ktiffan@usgs.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration [200203200] FX We thank our US Geological Survey colleagues, in particular Scott St. John, Tobyn Rhodes, Brad Bickford, and Amanda Schmidt, whose efforts contributed to this study. Smolt monitoring personnel at Lower Granite and Little Goose dams provided data on prawn passage abundance. The constructive comments by anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript. This study was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration, Project 200203200, and administered by Debbie Docherty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-2588 EI 1573-5125 J9 AQUAT ECOL JI Aquat. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 50 IS 4 BP 607 EP 621 DI 10.1007/s10452-016-9581-4 PG 15 WC Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EB5NX UT WOS:000387422500001 ER PT J AU Hough, SE Page, M AF Hough, Susan E. Page, Morgan TI Potentially Induced Earthquakes during the Early Twentieth Century in the Los Angeles Basin SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; GROUND MOTION; SEISMICITY; INJECTION; INGLEWOOD; BEACH; FEEL AB Recent studies have presented evidence that early to mid-twentieth-century earthquakes in Oklahoma and Texas were likely induced by fossil fuel production and/ or injection of wastewater (Hough and Page, 2015; Frohlich et al., 2016). Considering seismicity from 1935 onward, Hauksson et al. (2015) concluded that there is no evidence for significant induced activity in the greater Los Angeles region between 1935 and the present. To explore a possible association between earthquakes prior to 1935 and oil and gas production, we first revisit the historical catalog and then review contemporary oil industry activities. Although early industry activities did not induce large numbers of earthquakes, we present evidence for an association between the initial oil boom in the greater Los Angeles area and earthquakes between 1915 and 1932, including the damaging 22 June 1920 Inglewood and 8 July 1929 Whittier earthquakes. We further consider whether the 1933 M-w 6.4 Long Beach earthquake might have been induced, and show some evidence that points to a causative relationship between the earthquake and activities in the Huntington Beach oil field. The hypothesis that the Long Beach earthquake was either induced or triggered by an foreshock cannot be ruled out. Our results suggest that significant earthquakes in southern California during the early twentieth century might have been associated with industry practices that are no longer employed (i.e., production without water reinjection), and do not necessarily imply a high likelihood of induced earthquakes at the present time. C1 [Hough, Susan E.; Page, Morgan] US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 106 IS 6 BP 2419 EP 2435 DI 10.1785/0120160157 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED6BG UT WOS:000388938300001 ER PT J AU Greenwood, ML Woolery, EW Van Arsdale, RB Stephenson, WJ Patterson, GL AF Greenwood, Matthew L. Woolery, Edward W. Van Arsdale, Roy B. Stephenson, William J. Patterson, Gary L. TI Continuity of the Reelfoot Fault across the Cottonwood Grove and Ridgely Faults of the New Madrid Seismic Zone SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; QUATERNARY DEFORMATION; SLIP RATE; EARTHQUAKES; TENNESSEE; GEOMETRY; RIFT; DISPLACEMENT; EXTENSION AB Previous investigators have argued that the northwest-striking Reelfoot fault of northwest Tennessee and southeastern Missouri is segmented. One segment boundary is at the intersection of the northeast-striking Cottonwood Grove and Ridgely strike-slip faults with the Reelfoot fault. We use seismic reflection and geologic mapping to locate and determine the history of the Reelfoot South fault across this boundary zone. One reflection profile revealed a southwest-dipping (81 degrees) Reelfoot South reverse fault that displaces the top of the Paleozoic 65 m, Cretaceous 40 m, Paleocene 31 m, Eocene Wilcox Group 20 m, and Eocene Memphis Sand 16 m. A second reflection profile reveals a north-dipping (84 degrees) reverse fault 4.3 km south of the Reelfoot South fault, which defines the southwest margin of the Tiptonville dome. A geologic profile of the base of the similar to 3.1 Ma Upland complex (Mississippi River terrace alluvium) within the Mississippi River bluffs reveals similar to 6 m of displacement across the Reelfoot South fault. Similarly, Quaternary stream terrace distribution suggests similar to 6 m of Reelfoot South hanging-wall (Tiptonville dome) uplift that is probably Holocene. Fault strike trends show the Reelfoot fault and its hanging-wall Tiptonville dome are not laterally offset across the Cottonwood Grove and Ridgely faults. The Reelfoot South fault northwest and southeast of the Cottonwood Grove and Ridgely faults has very similar vertical displacement on common stratigraphic marker horizons in the upper 900 m. These data indicate the Reelfoot fault/Tiptonville dome has acted as one continuous fault zone across the Cottonwood Grove and Ridgely faults since Late Cretaceous. C1 [Greenwood, Matthew L.; Van Arsdale, Roy B.] Univ Memphis, Dept Earth Sci, 1 Johnson Hall, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Woolery, Edward W.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 101 Slone Res Bldg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Stephenson, William J.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Patterson, Gary L.] Univ Memphis, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, 3890 Cent Ave, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Greenwood, ML (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Earth Sci, 1 Johnson Hall, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM mlgrnwod@memphis.edu; ewoolery@uky.edu; rvanrsdl@memphis.edu; wstephens@usgs.gov; glpttrsn@memphis.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior, under USGS Award [G14AP00013, G14AP00014] FX We wish to thank Steve Parks for allowing us to conduct work on his property. We also wish to thank Randel Cox, Robert Williams, and anonymous reviewers. Research supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior, under USGS Award Numbers G14AP00013 and G14AP00014. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 106 IS 6 BP 2674 EP 2685 DI 10.1785/0120150290 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED6BG UT WOS:000388938300021 ER PT J AU Catchings, RD Goldman, MR Li, YG Chan, JH AF Catchings, R. D. Goldman, M. R. Li, Y. -G. Chan, J. H. TI Continuity of the West Napa-Franklin Fault Zone Inferred from Guided Waves Generated by Earthquakes Following the 24 August 2014 M-w 6.0 South Napa Earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; TRAPPED WAVES; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; LOMA-PRIETA; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; SEISMIC HAZARD; LOS-ANGELES; V-P; PARKFIELD; VALLEY AB We measure peak ground velocities from fault-zone guided waves (FZGWs), generated by on-fault earthquakes associated with the 24 August 2014 M-w 6.0 South Napa earthquake. The data were recorded on three arrays deployed across north and south of the 2014 surface rupture. The observed FZGWs indicate that the West Napa fault zone (WNFZ) and the Franklin fault (FF) are continuous in the subsurface for at least 75 km. Previously published potential-field data indicate that the WNFZ extends northward to the Maacama fault (MF), and previous geologic mapping indicates that the FF extends southward to the Calaveras fault (CF); this suggests a total length of at least 110 km for the WNFZ-FF. Because the WNFZ-FF appears contiguous with the MF and CF, these faults apparently form a continuous Calaveras-Franklin-WNFZ-Maacama (CFWM) fault that is second only in length (similar to 300 km) to the San Andreas fault in the San Francisco Bay area. The long distances over which we observe FZGWs, coupled with their high amplitudes (2-10 times the S waves) suggest that strong shaking from large earthquakes on any part of the CFWM fault may cause far-field amplified fault-zone shaking. We interpret guided waves and seismicity cross sections to indicate multiple upper crustal splays of the WNFZ-FF, including a northward extension of the Southhampton fault, which may cause strong shaking in the Napa Valley and the Vallejo area. Based on travel times from each earthquake to each recording array, we estimate average P-, S-, and guided-wave velocities within the WNFZ-FF (4.8-5.7, 2.2-3.2, and 1.1-2.8 km/s, respectively), with FZGW velocities ranging from 58% to 93% of the average S-wave velocities. C1 [Catchings, R. D.; Goldman, M. R.; Chan, J. H.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Li, Y. -G.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Zumberge Hall Sci,3651 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Catchings, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM catching@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-1261681]; Department of Energy (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program FX We thank the following individuals for assisting in acquiring the data used in this study: Coyn Criley, Ryan Fay, L. Fay, Uyanga Ganbaatar, George Slad, and Joe Svitek. The Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) provided the seismic instruments through the Program for the Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere (PASSCAL) Instrument Center at New Mexico Tech. Data collected are available through the IRIS Data Management Center (DMC). The facilities of the IRIS Consortium are supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Cooperative Agreement EAR-1261681 and the Department of Energy (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program provided partial funding for the study. We thank Martin Pehl and the Napa County Airport for allowing us to work from their facilities, and we thank Julie Arbuckle for access to her property. Reviews by Brad Aagaard, John Evans, and Vicki Langenheim are greatly appreciated. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 9 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 106 IS 6 BP 2721 EP 2746 DI 10.1785/0120160154 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED6BG UT WOS:000388938300025 ER PT J AU Li, YG Catchings, RD Goldman, MR AF Li, Yong-Gang Catchings, Rufus D. Goldman, Mark R. TI Subsurface Fault Damage Zone of the 2014 M-w 6.0 South Napa, California, Earthquake Viewed from Fault-Zone Trapped Waves SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; GUIDED-WAVES; LANDERS FAULT; PARKFIELD; FRICTION; RECORDS; VALLEY; FIELD AB The aftershocks of the 24 August 2014 M-w 6.0 South Napa earthquake generated prominent fault-zone trapped waves (FZTWs) that were recorded on two 1.9-km-long seismic arrays deployed across the northern projection (array 1, A1) and the southern part (A2) of the surface rupture of the West Napa fault zone (WNFZ). We also observed FZTWs on an array (A3) deployed across the intersection of the Franklin and Southampton faults, which appear to be the southward continuations of the WNFZ. A1, A2, and A3 consisted of 20, 20, and 10 L28 (4.5 Hz) three-component seismographs. We analyzed waveforms of FZTWs from 55 aftershocks in both time and frequency to characterize the fault damage zone associated with this M-w 6.0 earthquake. Post-S coda durations of FZTWs increase with epicentral distances and focal depths from the recording arrays, suggesting a low-velocity waveguide along the WNFZ to depths in excess of 5-7 km. Locations of the aftershocks showing FZTWs, combined with 3D finite-difference simulations, suggest the subsurface rupture zone having an S-wave speed reduction of similar to 40%-50% between A1 and A2, coincident with the similar to 14-km-long mapped surface rupture zone and at least an similar to 500-m-wide deformation zone. The low-velocity waveguide along the WNFZ extends further southward to at least A3, but with a more moderate-velocity reduction of 30%-35% at ray depth. This last FZTW observation suggests continuity between the WNFZ and Franklin fault. The waveguide effect may have localized and amplified ground shaking along the WNFZ and the faults farther to the south (see a companion paper by Catchings et al., 2016). C1 [Li, Yong-Gang] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Catchings, Rufus D.; Goldman, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Li, YG (reprint author), Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM ygli@usc.edu FU Southern California Earthquake Center's Award [15195, 6168]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This study was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center's Award 15195 (Contribution Number 6168). Funding and support for data acquisition was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and we wish to thank Joanne Chan, Coyn Criley, Jemile Erdem, Gary Fuis, Uyanga Ganbaatar, Ryan Fay, Wesley Fay, Michael Rymer, George Slad, Carolyn Stieben, and Joseph Svitek. We thank Walter Money, John Evans, and Brad Aagaard of USGS, an anonymous reviewer, and Associated Editor Raul Castro for providing helpful reviews. Seismographs and sensors used to acquire the data, which were provided by Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS)-Program for the Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere. We acknowledge Steve Azevedo of the IRIS Data Management Center for his help in converting the Seismic Analysis Code (SAC)-formatted data. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 106 IS 6 BP 2747 EP 2763 DI 10.1785/0120160039 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED6BG UT WOS:000388938300026 ER PT J AU Beeler, NM Di Toro, G Nielsen, S AF Beeler, N. M. Di Toro, Giulio Nielsen, Stefan TI Earthquake Source Properties from Pseudotachylite SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SUBDUCTION ZONE EARTHQUAKES; SAN-ANDREAS SYSTEM; WEAKENING FRICTION; APPARENT STRESS; FAULT ZONE; BRITTLE DEFORMATION; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; DEEP EARTHQUAKES; MELT LUBRICATION; FLUID PRESSURE AB Earthquake-radiated motions contain information that can be interpreted as source displacement and therefore related to stress drop. Except in a few notable cases, these displacements cannot be easily related to the absolute stress level or the fault strength, or attributed to a particular physical mechanism. In contrast, paleoearthquakes recorded by exhumed pseudotachylite have a known dynamic mechanism whose properties constrain the coseismic fault strength. Pseudotachylite can be used to directly address a discrepancy between seismologically measured stress drops, which are typically a few MPa, and much larger dynamic stress drops expected from thermal weakening during slip at seismic speeds in crystalline rock (Mckenzie and Brune, 1972; Sibson, 1973; Lachenbruch, 1980; Mase and Smith, 1987; Rice, 2006), and as have been observed in laboratory experiments at high slip rates (Di Toro, Hirose, Nielsen, Pennacchioni, et al., 2006). This places pseudotachylite-derived estimates of fault strength and inferred crustal stress within the context and bounds of naturally observed earthquake source parameters: apparent stress, stress drop, and overshoot, including consideration of fault-surface roughness, off-fault damage, fracture energy, and the strength excess. The analysis, which assumes stress drop is related to corner frequency as in the Madariaga (1976) source model, is restricted to earthquakes of the Gole Larghe fault zone in the Italian Alps, where the dynamic shear strength is well constrained by field and laboratory measurements. We find that radiated energy is similar to or exceeds the shear-generated heat and that the maximum strength excess is similar to 16 MPa. These events have inferred earthquake source parameters that are rare, for instance, a low percentage of the global earthquake population has stress drops as large, unless fracture energy is routinely greater than in existing models, pseudotachylite is not representative of the shear strength during the earthquake that generated it, or the strength excess is larger than we have allowed. C1 [Beeler, N. M.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Observ, 1300 Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Di Toro, Giulio] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Nielsen, Stefan] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Sci Labs, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Beeler, NM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Observ, 1300 Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. FU European Union European Research Council Project "Uncovering the Secrets of an Earthquake: Multidisciplinary Study of Physico-Chemical Processes During the Seismic Cycle" [205172]; European Research Council [614705] FX This article was greatly improved by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) internal reviews of Annemarie Baltay and Greg McLaskey, and particularly by journal reviews from Emily Brodsky and Virginia Toy. N. M. B. thanks Art McGarr, Alan Rempel, Tom Hanks, Annemarie Baltay, Eric Dunham, Yoshi Kaneko, and Rachel Abercrombie for guidance in understanding shear melting and empirical, model-dependent, and theoretical limits on earthquake source properties. Much of the analysis was developed for an experimental study of shear melting with David Lockner, Diane Moore, and Brian Kilgore. Funding for G. D. T., S. N., and N. M. B. was provided by European Union European Research Council Project 205172, "Uncovering the Secrets of an Earthquake: Multidisciplinary Study of Physico-Chemical Processes During the Seismic Cycle," and European Research Council Project 614705, "New Outlook on seismic faults: From Earthquake nucleation to arrest". NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 106 IS 6 BP 2764 EP 2776 DI 10.1785/0120150344 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED6BG UT WOS:000388938300027 ER PT J AU Evans, JR Kozak, JT Jedlicka, P AF Evans, John R. Kozak, Jan T. Jedlicka, Petr TI Developments in New Fluid Rotational Seismometers: Instrument Performance and Future Directions SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GROUND MOTIONS; SPECIAL-ISSUE; SENSORS; SEISMOLOGY; EXPLOSIONS; TAIWAN; NOISE AB In this article we describe prototype designs and tests for low-cost rotational medium-and strong-motion seismometers using three types of proof mass (two liquid and one solid) and a number of transducer configurations. This article describes the third set of designs and tests in our development program. The details of our results for most of these are in the sic electronic supplement to this article, whereas here we concentrate on three of the most promising and representative design combinations. Most of our results pertain to sensors with water or silicon oil as the proof mass, though we also tested a torsion-bar design with a solid proof mass. We find that most mass-transducer combinations lead to output proportional to rotational acceleration, with varying degrees of fidelity. Most combinations we tested can be dismissed from further development for reasons of performance or inconvenience during analysis of acceleration response (compare with sic electronic supplement). In this article, we describe three of the more promising combinations, one each for the three types of response functions we measured. Of these three, one mass-transducer combination in particular (a hinged sensing element and capacitive transduction) has output voltage closely proportional to rotational displacement (angle) over a wide frequency range; such displacement proportionality obviates two of the integration steps normally required to solve for continuum single-point motions or correct for tilt-induced errors in horizontal translational sensors. Thus, although we illustrate two other designs of some promise, we propose a new design that follows this displacement-proportional path while increasing the device's sensitivity to on-axis rotations, improving its manufacturing ease and lowering its sensitivity to translational motions. C1 [Evans, John R.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Kozak, Jan T.; Jedlicka, Petr] Czech Natl Acad, Inst Geophys, Prague 14131 4, Czech Republic. RP Evans, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jrevans@usgs.gov; kozak@ig.cas.cz; jepe@ig.cas.cz FU American Science Information Center (AMVIS) award of Czech-U.S. [ME10008]; Fulbright Specialist Program; Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory (ASL) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); [6249] FX Funded by the American Science Information Center (AMVIS) award of Czech-U.S. Grant ME10008 (J. K. and P. J.), the Fulbright Specialist Program and its staff in the United States and the Czech Republic (Grant 6249; J. R. E.), the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory (ASL) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS; for all testing facilities), and the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program for salary (J. R. E.). We thank Bob Hutt, Krzysztof Teisseyre, and two anonymous reviewers for very helpful reviews that greatly improved this article. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 106 IS 6 BP 2865 EP 2876 DI 10.1785/0120150265 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED6BG UT WOS:000388938300036 ER PT J AU Glitzenstein, JS Gustafson, DJ Stowe, JP Streng, DR Bridgman, DA Fill, JM Ayers, JT AF Glitzenstein, Jeff S. Gustafson, Danny J. Stowe, Johnny P. Streng, Donna R. Bridgman, D. Allen, Jr. Fill, Jennifer M. Ayers, Jason T. TI Starting a New Population of Schwalbea americana on a Longleaf Pine Restoration Site in South Carolina SO CASTANEA LA English DT Article DE American chaffseed; federally endangered; longleaf pine flatwoods; population establishment; rare plant; success criteria; survival curve ID SCROPHULARIACEAE AB A new population of federally endangered Schwalbea americana (American chaffseed) was initiated at the state of South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Woods Bay Heritage Preserve, near Turbeville, South Carolina, in 2013-14. Based on improved survival over time, growth to maturity, evidence of reproduction, and size structure similar to that of a nearby natural population, we suggest that the new population has met the initial criteria for success. Persistence and growth of the population will depend on appropriate management in the form of prescribed fire or fire surrogates and, if necessary, continued demographic enhancement in the form of additional plantings. C1 [Glitzenstein, Jeff S.; Streng, Donna R.] Tall Timbers Res Stn, 13093 Henry Beadel Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. [Gustafson, Danny J.] The Citadel, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. [Stowe, Johnny P.; Bridgman, D. Allen, Jr.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, POB 23205, Columbia, SC 29224 USA. [Fill, Jennifer M.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Bot & Zool, Ctr Invas Biol, Private Bag X1, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. [Ayers, Jason T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, South Carolina Field Off, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. RP Glitzenstein, JS (reprint author), Tall Timbers Res Stn, 13093 Henry Beadel Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. EM jeffglitz@aol.com FU US Fish and Wildlife Service Coastal Program in South Carolina; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources FX We thank Sharon Hermann, Kate Fuller, Jay Kelly, Ann Johnson, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, and Jay Kelly for his personal communication on the current status of the planted Schwalbea americana populations in New Jersey. We also thank Lamar Comalander for arranging access for seed collections, and Hope Mizzell and Wes Tyler for climate data. Financial support was provided by US Fish and Wildlife Service Coastal Program in South Carolina and South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOC, NEWBERRY COLL PI NEWBERRY PA DEPT BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST, NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0008-7475 EI 1938-4386 J9 CASTANEA JI Castanea PD DEC PY 2016 VL 81 IS 4 BP 302 EP 313 DI 10.2179/16-089 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EE1DD UT WOS:000389320100006 ER PT J AU Wauthier, C Roman, DC Poland, MP AF Wauthier, Christelle Roman, Diana C. Poland, Michael P. TI Joint analysis of geodetic and earthquake fault-plane solution data to constrain magmatic sources: A case study from Kilauea Volcano SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Kilauea Volcano; radar interferometry; modeling; inversion; stress; fault-plane solutions ID ELASTIC HALF-SPACE; NEIGHBORHOOD ALGORITHM; GEOPHYSICAL INVERSION; DEFORMATION; SEISMICITY; STRESS; ERUPTION; HAWAII; SWARMS; MODEL AB A joint analysis of geodetic and seismic datasets from Kilauea Volcano during a period of magmatic unrest in 2006 demonstrates the effectiveness of this combination for testing and constraining models of magma dynamics for a complex, multi-source system. At the end of 2003, Kilauea's summit began a four-year-long period of inflation due to a surge in magma supply to the volcano. In 2006, for the first time since 1982, Kilauea's Southwest Rift Zone (SWRZ) also experienced inflation. To investigate the characteristics of active magma sources and the nature of their interactions with faults in the SWRZ during 2006, we integrate, through Coulomb stress modeling, contemporary geodetic data from InSAR and GPS with a new catalogue of double-couple fault-plane solutions for volcano-tectonic earthquakes. We define two periods of inflation during 2006 based on the rate of deformation measured in daily GPS data, spanning February to 15 March 2006 (Period 1) and 16 March to 30 September 2006 (Period 2). InSAR data for these two periods are inverted to determine the position, change in size, and shape of inflation sources in each period. Our new models are consistent with microseismic activity from each period. They suggest that, during Period 1, deformation in the SWRZ can be explained by pressurization of magma in a spherical reservoir beneath the south caldera, and that, during Period 2, magma was also aseismically intruded farther to the southwest into the SWRZ along a sub-horizontal plane. Our Coulomb stress analysis shows that the microseismicity recorded in the SWRZ is induced by overpressurization of the south caldera reservoir, and not by magma intrusion into the SWRZ. This study highlights the importance of a joint analysis of independent geophysical datasets to fully constrain the nature of magma accumulation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wauthier, Christelle] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wauthier, Christelle] Penn State Univ, Inst CyberSci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Roman, Diana C.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Poland, Michael P.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Reston, VA USA. RP Wauthier, C (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM cuw25@psu.edu NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 455 BP 38 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.011 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EA6KN UT WOS:000386738200005 ER PT J AU Stagg, CL Krauss, KW Cahoon, DR Cormier, N Conner, WH Swarzenski, CM AF Stagg, Camille L. Krauss, Ken W. Cahoon, Donald R. Cormier, Nicole Conner, William H. Swarzenski, Christopher M. TI Processes Contributing to Resilience of Coastal Wetlands to Sea-Level Rise SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE accretion; elevation change; oligohaline marsh; resilience; sea-level rise; tidal freshwater forested wetlands ID HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS; SALT-MARSH; SEDIMENT ACCRETION; SURFACE ELEVATION; OLIGOHALINE MARSH; FOREST RETREAT; REGIME SHIFTS; WATER-LEVEL; SALINITY; GROWTH AB The objectives of this study were to identify processes that contribute to resilience of coastal wetlands subject to rising sea levels and to determine whether the relative contribution of these processes varies across different wetland community types. We assessed the resilience of wetlands to sea-level rise along a transitional gradient from tidal freshwater forested wetland (TFFW) to marsh by measuring processes controlling wetland elevation. We found that, over 5 years of measurement, TFFWs were resilient, although some marginally, and oligohaline marshes exhibited robust resilience to sea-level rise. We identified fundamental differences in how resilience is maintained across wetland community types, which have important implications for management activities that aim to restore or conserve resilient systems. We showed that the relative importance of surface and subsurface processes in controlling wetland surface elevation change differed between TFFWs and oligohaline marshes. The marshes had significantly higher rates of surface accretion than the TFFWs, and in the marshes, surface accretion was the primary contributor to elevation change. In contrast, elevation change in TFFWs was more heavily influenced by subsurface processes, such as root zone expansion or compaction, which played an important role in determining resilience of TFFWs to rising sea level. When root zone contributions were removed statistically from comparisons between relative sea-level rise and surface elevation change, sites that previously had elevation rate deficits showed a surplus. Therefore, assessments of wetland resilience that do not include subsurface processes will likely misjudge vulnerability to sea-level rise. C1 [Stagg, Camille L.; Krauss, Ken W.; Cormier, Nicole] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Cahoon, Donald R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC East,Bldg 308, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Conner, William H.] Clemson Univ, Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, Box 596 177 Hobcaw Rd Highway 17 North, Georgetown, SC 29440 USA. [Swarzenski, Christopher M.] US Geol Survey, Lower Mississippi Gulf Water Sci Ctr, 3535 S Sherwood Forest Blvd,Suite 120, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. RP Stagg, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM staggc@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program; National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture [SCZ-1700424] FX We gratefully acknowledge the following for support: Waccamaw NWR, especially Craig Sasser; Savannah NWR for permission and logistic support, especially Russell Webb, Lindsay Coldiron, and Chuck Hayes; Jason Luquire, Lucille Pate, and Ranbat, LLC for permission to access their land; Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology for field support, especially Stephen Hutchinson, Brian Williams, and Jamie Duberstein. We thank Courtney Lee and James Lynch for figure development, and Lauren Leonpacher for editing. We also thank Michael Osland, James Lynch, Donald DeAngelis, and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions, which improved the manuscript. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program, and was supported in part by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number SCZ-1700424 (salary, WHC). Technical Contribution No. 6377 of the Clemson University Experiment Station. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD DEC PY 2016 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1445 EP 1459 DI 10.1007/s10021-016-0015-x PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ED5YC UT WOS:000388928800009 ER PT J AU Matechou, E Nicholls, GK Morgan, BJT Collazo, JA Lyons, JE AF Matechou, Eleni Nicholls, Geoff K. Morgan, Byron J. T. Collazo, Jaime A. Lyons, James E. TI Bayesian analysis of Jolly-Seber type models SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Capture-recapture-resight data sets; Integrated modelling; Mixture models; Reversible jump; Semipalmated sandpipers; Stopover data ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; POPULATION-SIZE; MIXTURE MODEL; HETEROGENEITY; SURVIVAL; PROBABILITY; LIKELIHOOD; SANDPIPERS; ABUNDANCE; DIMENSION AB We propose the use of finite mixtures of continuous distributions in modelling the process by which new individuals, that arrive in groups, become part of a wildlife population. We demonstrate this approach using a data set of migrating semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pussila) for which we extend existing stopover models to allow for individuals to have different behaviour in terms of their stopover duration at the site. We demonstrate the use of reversible jump MCMC methods to derive posterior distributions for the model parameters and the models, simultaneously. The algorithm moves between models with different numbers of arrival groups as well as between models with different numbers of behavioural groups. The approach is shown to provide new ecological insights about the stopover behaviour of semipalmated sandpipers but is generally applicable to any population in which animals arrive in groups and potentially exhibit heterogeneity in terms of one or more other processes. C1 [Matechou, Eleni; Morgan, Byron J. T.] Univ Kent, Sch Math Stat & Actuarial Sci, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Nicholls, Geoff K.] Univ Oxford, Dept Stat, Oxford, England. [Collazo, Jaime A.] North Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC USA. [Lyons, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Matechou, E (reprint author), Univ Kent, Sch Math Stat & Actuarial Sci, Canterbury, Kent, England. EM e.matechou@kent.ac.uk OI Matechou, Eleni/0000-0003-3626-844X NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 EI 1573-3009 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 23 IS 4 BP 531 EP 547 DI 10.1007/s10651-016-0352-0 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA EB5OM UT WOS:000387424200003 ER PT J AU Sabal, MC Huff, DD Henderson, MJ Fiechter, J Harding, JA Hayes, SA AF Sabal, Megan C. Huff, David D. Henderson, Mark J. Fiechter, Jerome Harding, Jeffrey A. Hayes, Sean A. TI Contrasting patterns in growth and survival of Central Valley fall run Chinook salmon related to hatchery and ocean conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Growth; Survival; Chinook salmon; California; Size-selective mortality; Density-dependence ID COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA CURRENT; SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; COHO ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PRINCE-WILLIAM SOUND; MARINE SURVIVAL; JUVENILE SALMON; PINK SALMON; UPWELLING SYSTEM; SOCKEYE-SALMON AB The objective of this study was to determine important ocean and hatchery covariates influencing early growth and survival of Central Valley fall run Chinook salmon. We used a dataset of recaptured coded wire tagged hatchery Chinook salmon to estimate early growth and cohort survival. Ocean conditions during the period of early ocean entry were based on output from a coupled physical-biogeochemical model configured for the broader California Current region. We built generalized additive and generalized linear models to describe growth and survival and used Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) model selection to determine which hatchery and ocean covariates related best to response variables. With regards to hatchery covariates, growth was best explained by release location, while survival was best explained by release weight and hatchery of origin. The ocean conditions included in the best models for both growth and survival included diatoms, predatory zooplankton, temperature, and currents. We observed the highest rates of salmon survival when in situ physical ocean conditions were indicative of relaxation events. For all four ocean covariates, the response curves illustrated opposite patterns between growth and survival models. This result implies that during periods of low survival, juvenile salmon were either 1) growing at a faster rate, or 2) growth appeared to increase because smaller fish had a higher mortality rate than larger fish. The first explanation would imply density-dependence, whereas the second explanation would imply size-selective mortality. These alternatives have implications on hatchery practices including salmon size at release and number of salmon in release groups. C1 [Sabal, Megan C.; Henderson, Mark J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, CIMEC, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sabal, Megan C.; Henderson, Mark J.; Harding, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Huff, David D.] NOAA, Point Adams Res Stn, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, POB 155, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. [Fiechter, Jerome] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hayes, Sean A.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Henderson, Mark J.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Calif Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Sabal, MC (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM msabal@ucsc.edu OI Huff, David/0000-0001-9061-7685 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX The authors thank B. Wells for scientific insight, B. Lehman for extracting tags, the NW Fisheries Science Center and Fisheries and Ocean Canada for sharing data on tagged juvenile salmon, and Northwest Marine Technology for reading coded wire tags. This project would not have been possible without the efforts from current and past members of the salmon ecology team and crews of the vessels AR4 Jensen, Bell Shimada, Cassandra Anne, David Starr Jordan, Frosti, Irene's Way, Long Fin, Ocean Starr, Shana Rae, and Whitsel. Comments from four reviewers were valuable and greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the collection procedures were conducted under IACUC guidelines. NR 103 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2016 VL 99 IS 12 BP 949 EP 967 DI 10.1007/s10641-016-0536-3 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ED4OS UT WOS:000388829900004 ER PT J AU Reid, SB Goodman, DH AF Reid, Stewart B. Goodman, Damon H. TI Free-swimming speeds and behavior in adult Pacific Lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Migration; Boundary flow; Anguilliform; Locomotion; Management ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SEA LAMPREY; SPAWNING MIGRATION; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; UPSTREAM MIGRATION; RIVER-BASIN; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT; MOVEMENT; PORTUGAL AB Lampreys are extremely efficient anguilliform swimmers, well-designed for long-distance travel, although they are frequently characterized as poor swimmers when compared to salmonids. We examine free-swimming adult Pacific Lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus, in a raceway environment to approximate swim speeds and behaviors that may occur in the natural environment. Lampreys (mean Body Length 59.2 +/- 3.0 cm, range 50-66 cm BL) traveled upstream at a mean groundspeed of 0.34 +/- 0.188 BL/s (n=126, range 0.01-0.79 BL/s). Swimming activity was strongly nocturnal. Observed speeds in the lower range may have been the result of swimming in midwater against faster currents, indirect paths or rest periods. Lampreys generally took advantage of lower near-bottom current velocities by swimming within 6 cm of the bottom, where currents were substantially lower. Equivalent swim speeds, without currents, would be 0.49 +/- 0.190 BL/s (range 0.17-0.96 BL/s). These speeds are in the high range of daily travel rates encountered in tagging studies of both Pacific Lamprey and Atlantic Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, but compare well when migration is limited to hours of darkness or tracking was continuous. Such rates suggest that, travelling only at night, lampreys would cover 1,000 km upriver in under four months. It is crucial that managers and designers incorporate the swimming capability, near-bottom association, utilization of boundary flow conditions, and nocturnal behavior of lampreys into their activities if we are to effectively manage in-stream facilities and conserve these key anadromous species. C1 [Reid, Stewart B.] Western Fishes, 2045 East Main St, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Goodman, Damon H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Reid, SB (reprint author), Western Fishes, 2045 East Main St, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. EM westernfishes@opendoor.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Region 8 FX This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Region 8. We are grateful to Scott Harris (California Department of Fish and Wildlife) who shared his familiarity with the facilities and provided field support and to PacificGas and Electric who operates the Van Arsdale Fish Ladder and facilities. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the USFWS. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2016 VL 99 IS 12 BP 969 EP 974 DI 10.1007/s10641-016-0537-2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ED4OS UT WOS:000388829900005 ER PT J AU Ausband, DE Mitchell, MS Bassing, SB Morehouse, A Smith, DW Stahler, D Struthers, J AF Ausband, David E. Mitchell, Michael S. Bassing, Sarah B. Morehouse, Andrea Smith, Douglas W. Stahler, Daniel Struthers, Jennifer TI Individual, Group, and Environmental Influences on Helping Behavior in a Social Carnivore SO ETHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; cooperative breeding; groups; helping; pup-guarding; wolves ID DOG LYCAON-PICTUS; AFRICAN WILD DOG; GRAY WOLF; PACK SIZE; RENDEZVOUS SITES; CANIS-LUPUS; URSUS-ARCTOS; PUP SURVIVAL; WOLVES; EVOLUTION AB Variation in group composition and environment can affect helping behavior in cooperative breeders. Understanding of how group size, traits of individuals within groups, food abundance, and predation risk simultaneously influence helping behavior is limited. We evaluated pup-guarding behavior in gray wolves (Canis lupus) to assess how differences in individuals, groups, and environment affect helping behavior. We used data from 92 GPS-collared wolves in North America (2001-2012) to estimate individual pup-guarding rates. Individuals in groups with low helper-to-pup ratios spent more time guarding young than those in groups with more helpers, an indication of load-lightening. Female helpers guarded more than male helpers, but this relationship weakened as pups grew. Subset analyses including data on helper age and wolf and prey density showed such factors did not significantly influence pup-guarding rates. We show that characteristics of individuals and groups have strong influences on pup-guarding behavior in gray wolves, but environmental factors such as food abundance and predation risk from conspecifics were not influential. C1 [Ausband, David E.; Bassing, Sarah B.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT USA. [Morehouse, Andrea] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Smith, Douglas W.; Stahler, Daniel] Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY USA. [Struthers, Jennifer] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 2885 West Kathleen Ave, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. RP Ausband, DE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM david.ausband@idfg.idaho.gov OI Morehouse, Andrea/0000-0002-2015-9938 FU Regina Bauer Frankenberg Foundation for Animal Welfare; Eppley Foundation for Scientific Research; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Wesley M. Dixon Fellowship at The University of Montana FX Anonymous reviewers provided valuable suggestions and professional critiques. Our manuscript is greatly improved as a result of their time and effort and we thank them. We also thank L. Bradley, J. Gude, G. Hale, J. Holyan, J. Husseman, K. Laudon, C. Mack, M. Metz, M. Nordhagen, K. Oelrich, L. Rich, C. White, P. Zager. T. Martin, H. Cooley, and L. S. Mills helped with early hypothesis development and manuscript reviews. We received funding from the Regina Bauer Frankenberg Foundation for Animal Welfare, Eppley Foundation for Scientific Research, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and a Wesley M. Dixon Fellowship at The University of Montana. Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 33 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0179-1613 EI 1439-0310 J9 ETHOLOGY JI Ethology PD DEC PY 2016 VL 122 IS 12 BP 963 EP 972 DI 10.1111/eth.12566 PG 10 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA EC1EN UT WOS:000387846800005 ER PT J AU Jackson, ST AF Jackson, Stephen T. TI Reinventing conservation - again SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jackson, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior Southwest Climate, Ctr Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Jackson, ST (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dept Interior Southwest Climate, Ctr Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.; Jackson, ST (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 14 IS 10 BP 519 EP 519 DI 10.1002/fee.1439 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE0ZI UT WOS:000389309100001 ER PT J AU Hynicka, JD Pett-Ridge, JC Perakis, SS AF Hynicka, Justin D. Pett-Ridge, Julie C. Perakis, Steven S. TI Nitrogen enrichment regulates calcium sources in forests SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric deposition; bedrock weathering; calcium; nitrogen; nitrogen fixation; state factors; strontium isotopes ID OREGON COAST RANGE; FOLIAR CA/SR DISCRIMINATION; DOUGLAS-FIR; SR-87/SR-86 RATIOS; STRONTIUM ISOTOPE; PUERTO-RICO; RED ALDER; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; WEATHERING PROFILES; LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS AB Nitrogen (N) is a key nutrient that shapes cycles of other essential elements in forests, including calcium (Ca). When N availability exceeds ecosystem demands, excess N can stimulate Ca leaching and deplete Ca from soils. Over the long term, these processes may alter the proportion of available Ca that is derived from atmospheric deposition vs. bedrock weathering, which has fundamental consequences for ecosystem properties and nutrient supply. We evaluated how landscape variation in soil N, reflecting long-term legacies of biological N fixation, influenced plant and soil Ca availability and ecosystem Ca sources across 22 temperate forests in Oregon. We also examined interactions between soil N and bedrock Ca using soil N gradients on contrasting basaltic vs. sedimentary bedrock that differed 17-fold in underlying Ca content. We found that low-N forests on Ca-rich basaltic bedrock relied strongly on Ca from weathering, but that soil N enrichment depleted readily weatherable mineral Ca and shifted forest reliance toward atmospheric Ca. Forests on Ca-poor sedimentary bedrock relied more consistently on atmospheric Ca across all levels of soil N enrichment. The broad importance of atmospheric Ca was unexpected given active regional uplift and erosion that are thought to rejuvenate weathering supply of soil minerals. Despite different Ca sources to forests on basaltic vs. sedimentary bedrock, we observed consistent declines in plant and soil Ca availability with increasing N, regardless of the Ca content of underlying bedrock. Thus, traditional measures of Ca availability in foliage and soil exchangeable pools may poorly reflect long-term Ca sources that sustain soil fertility. We conclude that long-term soil N enrichment can deplete available Ca and cause forests to rely increasingly on Ca from atmospheric deposition, which may limit ecosystem Ca supply in an increasingly N-rich world. C1 [Hynicka, Justin D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hynicka, Justin D.; Pett-Ridge, Julie C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Perakis, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM steven.perakis@oregonstate.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0346837] FX We thank Joshua Frederick for field assistance, Brian Haley, Chris Catricala, and Lauren Armory for laboratory assistance, Andrew Kurtz and Thomas Bullen for discussions, and R. Scott Warren, Bill Schlesinger and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This work was supported by National Science Foundation DEB-0346837. NR 105 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 22 IS 12 BP 4067 EP 4079 DI 10.1111/gcb.13335 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EC0TJ UT WOS:000387813300020 PM 27135298 ER PT J AU Quezadas, JP Heilweil, V Silva, AC Araguas, L Ortega, MDS AF Perez Quezadas, Juan Heilweil, Victor M. Cortes Silva, Alejandra Araguas, Luis Salas Ortega, Maria del Rocio TI A multi-tracer approach to delineate groundwater dynamics in the Rio Actopan Basin, Veracruz State, Mexico SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Groundwater flow; Radiocarbon; Noble gases; Groundwater age; Mexico ID NOBLE-GASES; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; OSCILLATION; CLIMATE; WATERS; VALLEY; MODELS; AREA; FLOW; USA AB Geochemistry and environmental tracers were used to understand groundwater resources, recharge processes, and potential sources of contamination in the Rio Actopan Basin, Veracruz State, Mexico. Total dissolved solids are lower in wells and springs located in the basin uplands compared with those closer to the coast, likely associated with rock/water interaction. Geochemical results also indicate some saltwater intrusion near the coast and increased nitrate near urban centers. Stable isotopes show that precipitation is the source of recharge to the groundwater system. Interestingly, some high-elevation springs are more isotopically enriched than average annual precipitation at higher elevations, indicating preferential recharge during the drier but cooler winter months when evapotranspiration is reduced. In contrast, groundwater below 1,200 m elevation is more isotopically depleted than average precipitation, indicating recharge occurring at much higher elevation than the sampling site. Relatively cool recharge temperatures, derived from noble gas measurements at four sites (11-20 A degrees C), also suggest higher elevation recharge. Environmental tracers indicate that groundwater residence time in the basin ranges from 12,000 years to modern. While this large range shows varying groundwater flowpaths and travel times, ages using different tracer methods (C-14, H-3/He-3, CFCs) were generally consistent. Comparing multiple tracers such as CFC-12 with CFC-113 indicates piston-flow to some discharge points, yet binary mixing of young and older groundwater at other points. In summary, groundwater within the Rio Actopan Basin watershed is relatively young (Holocene) and the majority of recharge occurs in the basin uplands and moves towards the coast. C1 [Perez Quezadas, Juan] UNAM, Posgrado Ciencias Tierra, Campus Juriquilla,Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. [Heilweil, Victor M.] US Geol Survey, 2329 Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Cortes Silva, Alejandra] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Araguas, Luis] Vienna Int Ctr, Isotope Hydrol Sect, Int Atom Energy Agcy, POB 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Salas Ortega, Maria del Rocio] Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Ciencias Tierra, Francisco J Moreno 207, Xalapa 91090, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Quezadas, JP (reprint author), UNAM, Posgrado Ciencias Tierra, Campus Juriquilla,Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. EM pquezadas_1@hotmail.com FU Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnologia, CONACyT; International Atomic Energy Agency [MEX7010] FX Authors are thankful to the Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnologia, CONACyT, for the support provided to the first author of this study. Sincere thanks are due to the staff of the Stable Isotope Laboratory of the Geology Institute, Autonomous University of Mexico (Pedro Morales Puente and Edith Cienfuegos Alvarado) as well as the Hydrochemistry Laboratory at the Geosciences Centre, UNAM (Carolina Munos Torres). We also thank Dr. Kip Solomon for providing the Excel-based "CalcAge" software used for noble-gas recharge temperature, 3H/3He age, and 4Heterr interpretations. We also thank the USGS Reston Groundwater Dating Laboratory for providing the Excel-based software used for chlorofluorocarbon dating. Part of this study was carried out as part of the Technical Cooperation Project MEX7010, supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1953 EP 1966 DI 10.1007/s10040-016-1445-4 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EE0DD UT WOS:000389242800003 ER PT J AU Solder, JE Stolp, BJ Heilweil, VM Susong, DD AF Solder, John E. Stolp, Bernard J. Heilweil, Victor M. Susong, David D. TI Characterization of mean transit time at large springs in the Upper Colorado River Basin, USA: a tool for assessing groundwater discharge vulnerability SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Environmental tracers; Groundwater age; Climate change; Groundwater vulnerability; USA ID ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; UNITED-STATES; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; AGE DISTRIBUTIONS; WATER; FLOW; CLIMATE; MODELS; TIMESCALES; CATCHMENT AB Environmental tracers (noble gases, tritium, industrial gases, stable isotopes, and radio-carbon) and hydrogeology were interpreted to determine groundwater transit-time distribution and calculate mean transit time (MTT) with lumped parameter modeling at 19 large springs distributed throughout the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB), USA. The predictive value of the MTT to evaluate the pattern and timing of groundwater response to hydraulic stress (i.e., vulnerability) is examined by a statistical analysis of MTT, historical spring discharge records, and the Palmer Hydrological Drought Index. MTTs of the springs range from 10 to 15,000 years and 90 % of the cumulative discharge-weighted travel-time distribution falls within the range of 2-10,000 years. Historical variability in discharge was assessed as the ratio of 10-90 % flow-exceedance (R (10/90%)) and ranged from 2.8 to 1.1 for select springs with available discharge data. The lag-time (i.e., delay in discharge response to drought conditions) was determined by cross-correlation analysis and ranged from 0.5 to 6 years for the same select springs. Springs with shorter MTTs (< 80 years) statistically correlate with larger discharge variations and faster responses to drought, indicating MTT can be used for estimating the relative magnitude and timing of groundwater response. Results indicate that groundwater discharge to streams in the UCRB will likely respond on the order of years to climate variation and increasing groundwater withdrawals. C1 [Solder, John E.; Stolp, Bernard J.; Heilweil, Victor M.; Susong, David D.] US Geol Survey, 2329 W Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Solder, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2329 W Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM jsolder@usgs.gov OI Solder, John/0000-0002-0660-3326 FU US Geological Survey National Water Census Program FX Thanks to Chris Shope for assistance in sampling the springs and Andrew Manning for reviewing the manuscript. The authors would like to thank the editors and anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This project was funded by the US Geological Survey National Water Census Program. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 24 IS 8 BP 2017 EP 2033 DI 10.1007/s10040-016-1440-9 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EE0DD UT WOS:000389242800008 ER PT J AU Ghanem, H Kunk, MJ Ludman, A Bish, DL Wintsch, RP AF Ghanem, Hind Kunk, Michael J. Ludman, Allan Bish, David L. Wintsch, Robert P. TI Dating slate belts using Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology and zircon ages from crosscutting plutons: A case study from east-central Maine, USA SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology; Slate belts; Foliation; Acadian; Neoacadian ID NORUMBEGA FAULT SYSTEM; SOUTH-CENTRAL MAINE; CONNECTICUT VALLEY; METAMORPHIC BELTS; ACADIAN OROGENY; NEW-ENGLAND; APPALACHIANS; DEFORMATION; CONSTRAINTS; EXTENSION AB We report the ages of cleavage development in a normally intractable lower greenschist facies slate belt, the Central Maine-Aroostook-Matapedia belt in east-central Maine. We have attacked this problem by identifying the minimum ages of muscovite in a regional Acadian cleavage (S-1) and in a local ductile fault zone cleavage (S-2) using Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology and the ages of crosscutting plutons. Our success stems from the regional low-grade metamorphism of the rocks in which each crystallization event preserves a(40)Ar/Ar-39 crystallization age and not a cooling age. Evidence for recrystallization via a pressure solution mechanism comes from truncations of detrital, authigenic, and in some rocks Si muscovite and chlorite grains by new cleavage-forming muscovite and chlorite grains. Low-blank furnace age spectra from meta-arkosic and slaty rocks climb from moderate temperature Devonian age-steps dominated by cleavage-forming muscovite to Ordovician age-steps dominated by a detrital muscovite component. Si and S-2-cleaved rocks were hornfelsed by granitoids of similar to 407 and 377 Ma, respectively. The combination of these minimum ages with the maximum metamorphic crystallization ages establishes narrow constraints on the timing of these two cleavage-forming events, similar to 410 Ma (S-1) and similar to 380 Ma (S-2). These two events coincide in time with a change in the plate convergence kinematics from the arrival of the Avalon terrane (Acadian orogeny), to a right-lateral transpression arrival of the Meguma terrane in the Neoacadian orogeny. 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ghanem, Hind] Univ Jordan, Dept Geol, Amman 11942, Jordan. [Ghanem, Hind; Bish, David L.; Wintsch, Robert P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 1001 East 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Kunk, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Ludman, Allan] Queens Coll, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Ghanem, Hind] POB 13643, Amman 11942, Jordan. RP Ghanem, H (reprint author), Univ Jordan, Dept Geol, Amman 11942, Jordan.; Ghanem, H (reprint author), POB 13643, Amman 11942, Jordan. EM h.ghanem@ju.edu.jo; argon39@aol.com; allan.ludman@qc.cuny.edu; bish@indiana.edu; wintsch@indiana.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey through the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program; Marland Pratt Billings and Katharine Fowler Billings Fund for Research in New England Geology; Dept. of Geological Sciences at Indiana University; University of Jordan FX This research formed part of a PhD project carried out by the first author at Indiana University. The project was partially supported by the U.S. Geological Survey through the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. Funds for fieldwork were granted by the "Marland Pratt Billings and Katharine Fowler Billings Fund for Research in New England Geology" and by the Dept. of Geological Sciences at Indiana University. Funds for the PhD study were granted by the University of Jordan. Great thanks go to J. Schieber for helping with SEM imaging; Lauren Redmond, Erica Serna, and Elizabeth Cola for their assistance in the field; Miriam Attenoukon for helping with preparation for Ar-Ar thermochronology; and Greg Walsh, Ryan McAleer, and Romain Meyer for discussions that inspired and benefited this work. The authors would like to thank Satoshi Tonai and Chris Hall for reviewing the manuscript. Toru Takeshita is thanked for efficient and fair editorial handling. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 93 BP 51 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.jsg.2016.10.004 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA ED8ZO UT WOS:000389159800004 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, EH Bernier, NJ Maule, AG Vijayan, MM AF Jorgensen, Even H. Bernier, Nicholas J. Maule, Alec G. Vijayan, Mathilakath M. TI Effect of long-term fasting and a subsequent meal on mRNA abundances of hypothalamic appetite regulators, central and peripheral leptin expression and plasma leptin levels in rainbow trout SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE Appetite; Hypothalamus; Neuropeptides; Leptin; Fish; Fasting ID NEUROPEPTIDE-Y NPY; GROUPER EPINEPHELUS-COIOIDES; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; FOOD-INTAKE REGULATION; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; ATLANTIC SALMON; CARASSIUS-AURATUS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION AB Knowledge about neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating appetite in fish, including the role of leptin, is inconclusive. We investigated leptin mRNA abundance in various tissues, plasma leptin levels and the hypothalamic gene expression of putative orexigenic (neuropeptide Y and agouti-regulated peptide) and anorexigenic (melanocortin receptor, proopiomelanocortins (POMCs), cocaine- and amphetamine regulated transcript and corticotropin-releasing factor) neuropeptides in relation to feeding status in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Blood and tissues were first (Day 1) sampled from trout that had been fed or fasted for 4 months and the day after (Day 2) from fasted fish after they had been given a large meal, and their continuously fed counterparts. The fasted fish ate vigorously when they were presented a meal. There were no differences between fed, fasted and re-fed fish in hypothalamic neuropeptide transcript levels, except for pomca1 and pomcb, which were higher in fasted fish than in fed fish at Day 1, and which, for pomcb, decreased to the level in fed fish after the meal at Day 2. Plasma leptin levels did not differ between fasted, re-fed and fed fish. A higher leptinal transcript level was seen in the belly flap of fasted fish than in fed fish, even after re-feeding on Day 2. The data do not reveal causative roles of the investigated brain neuropeptides, or leptin, in appetite regulation. It is suggested that the elevated pomc transcript levels provide a satiety signal that reduces energy expenditure during prolonged fasting. The increase in belly flap leptin transcript with fasting, which did not decrease upon re-feeding, indicates a tissue-specific role of leptin in long-term regulation of energy homeostasis. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jorgensen, Even H.] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, NO-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Bernier, Nicholas J.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Maule, Alec G.] USGS, WFRC, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Vijayan, Mathilakath M.] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Jorgensen, EH (reprint author), UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, NO-9037 Tromso, Norway. EM even.jorgensen@uit.no FU Tromso University Research Foundation; UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada; USGS Columbia River Research Laboratory FX The study was, in part, financed by the Tromso University Research Foundation, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada (Discovery Grant) and the USGS Columbia River Research Laboratory. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 EI 1873-5169 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD DEC PY 2016 VL 86 BP 162 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.08.010 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ED9EX UT WOS:000389174100020 PM 26471905 ER PT J AU DeAngelis, DL Ni, WM Zhang, B AF DeAngelis, D. L. Ni, Wei-Ming Zhang, Bo TI Effects of diffusion on total biomass in heterogeneous continuous and discrete-patch systems SO Theoretical Ecology LA English DT Article DE Population dynamics; Spatial heterogeneity; Diffusion; Growth functions ID SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CARRYING-CAPACITY; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; HABITAT SELECTION; DISPERSAL; IDEAL; SINGLE; ENVIRONMENTS; COMPETITION AB Theoretical models of populations on a system of two connected patches previously have shown that when the two patches differ in maximum growth rate and carrying capacity, and in the limit of high diffusion, conditions exist for which the total population size at equilibrium exceeds that of the ideal free distribution, which predicts that the total population would equal the total carrying capacity of the two patches. However, this result has only been shown for the Pearl-Verhulst growth function on two patches and for a single-parameter growth function in continuous space. Here, we provide a general criterion for total population size to exceed total carrying capacity for three commonly used population growth rates for both heterogeneous continuous and multi-patch heterogeneous landscapes with high population diffusion. We show that a sufficient condition for this situation is that there is a convex positive relationship between the maximum growth rate and the parameter that, by itself or together with the maximum growth rate, determines the carrying capacity, as both vary across a spatial region. This relationship occurs in some biological populations, though not in others, so the result has ecological implications. C1 [DeAngelis, D. L.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [DeAngelis, D. L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Resources Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Ni, Wei-Ming] Univ Minnesota, Sch Math, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Ni, Wei-Ming] East China Normal Univ, Ctr Partial Differential Equat, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Bo] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.; DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Resources Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM don_deangelis@usgs.gov FU USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science; NSF; Chinese NSF FX This paper is based on a talk given on December 19, 2014, in honor of Dr. Stephen Cantrell's 60th birthday. His work in this field has been a stimulus for our own. DLD and BZ were supported by the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science. The research of Wei-Ming Ni was partially supported by NSF and Chinese NSF. We appreciate comments of Adrian Lam, Robert Holt, and an anonymous reviewer on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1874-1738 EI 1874-1746 J9 THEOR ECOL-NETH JI Theor. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 9 IS 4 BP 443 EP 453 DI 10.1007/s12080-016-0302-3 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ED6GP UT WOS:000388954400006 ER PT J AU Greggor, AL Berger-Tal, O Blumstein, DT Angeloni, L Bessa-Gomes, C Blackwell, BF St Clair, CC Crooks, K de Silva, S Fernandez-Juricic, E Goldenberg, SZ Mesnick, SL Owen, M Price, CJ Saltz, D Schell, CJ Suarez, AV Swaisgood, RR Winchell, CS Sutherland, WJ AF Greggor, Alison L. Berger-Tal, Oded Blumstein, Daniel T. Angeloni, Lisa Bessa-Gomes, Carmen Blackwell, Bradley F. St Clair, Colleen Cassady Crooks, Kevin de Silva, Shermin Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban Goldenberg, Shifra Z. Mesnick, Sarah L. Owen, Megan Price, Catherine J. Saltz, David Schell, Christopher J. Suarez, Andrew V. Swaisgood, Ronald R. Winchell, Clark S. Sutherland, William J. TI Research Priorities from Animal Behaviour for Maximising Conservation Progress SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID POPULATION VIABILITY; ECOLOGICAL TRAPS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ET-AL; WILDLIFE; BIOLOGY; DETERRENTS; FRAMEWORK; SCIENCE; AREAS AB Poor communication between academic researchers and wildlife managers limits conservation progress and innovation. As a result, input from overlapping fields, such as animal behaviour, is underused in conservation management despite its demonstrated utility as a conservation tool and countless papers advocating its use. Communication and collaboration across these two disciplines are unlikely to improve without clearly identified management needs and demonstrable impacts of behavioural-based conservation management. To facilitate this process, a team of wildlife managers and animal behaviour researchers conducted a research prioritisation exercise, identifying 50 key questions that have great potential to resolve critical conservation and management problems. The resulting agenda highlights the diversity and extent of advances that both fields could achieve through collaboration. C1 [Greggor, Alison L.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Berger-Tal, Oded; Saltz, David] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Mitrani Dept Desert Ecol, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel. [Blumstein, Daniel T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Angeloni, Lisa; Schell, Christopher J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bessa-Gomes, Carmen] Univ Paris Saclay, Ecol Systemat Evolut, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS,AgroParisTech, Orsay, France. [Blackwell, Bradley F.; Schell, Christopher J.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [St Clair, Colleen Cassady] Univ Alberta, Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Crooks, Kevin] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [de Silva, Shermin] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA USA. [de Silva, Shermin] Trunk & Leaves Inc, Newtonville, MA USA. [Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Goldenberg, Shifra Z.] Save Elephants, Nairobi, Kenya. [Mesnick, Sarah L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Washington, DC USA. [Owen, Megan; Swaisgood, Ronald R.] San Diego Zoo Global, Inst Conservat Res, Escondido, CA USA. [Price, Catherine J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Suarez, Andrew V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Biol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Suarez, Andrew V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Winchell, Clark S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Partnerships Program, Carlsbad, CA USA. [Sutherland, William J.] Univ Cambridge, Conservat Sci Grp, Dept Zool, Cambridge, England. RP Greggor, AL (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Alison.L.Greggor@dartmouth.edu OI Schell, Christopher/0000-0002-2073-9852; Greggor, Alison/0000-0003-0998-618X NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 26 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 31 IS 12 BP 953 EP 964 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2016.09.001 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA EE2DU UT WOS:000389394700014 PM 27692480 ER PT J AU Iavorivska, L Boyer, EW Miller, MP Brown, MG Vasilopoulos, T Fuentes, JD Duffy, CJ AF Iavorivska, Lidiia Boyer, Elizabeth W. Miller, Matthew P. Brown, Michael G. Vasilopoulos, Terrie Fuentes, Jose D. Duffy, Christopher J. TI Atmospheric inputs of organic matter to a forested watershed: Variations from storm to storm over the seasons SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Organic matter; Dissolved organic carbon; Temporal variation; Seasonal; Critical zone observatory ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; SOUTHEASTERN NORTH-CAROLINA; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; STRUCTURAL FEATURES; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS AB The objectives of this study were to determine the quantity and chemical composition of precipitation inputs of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to a forested watershed; and to characterize the associated temporal variability. We sampled most precipitation that occurred from May 2012 through August 2013 at the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory (Pennsylvania, USA). Sub-event precipitation samples (159) were collected sequentially during 90 events; covering various types of synoptic meteorological conditions in all climatic seasons. Precipitation DOC concentrations and rates of wet atmospheric DOC deposition were highly variable from storm to storm, ranging from 0.3 to 5.6 mg C L-1 and from 0.5 to 32.8 mg C m(-2) h(-1), respectively. Seasonally, storms in spring and summer had higher concentrations of DOC and more optically active organic matter than in winter. Higher DOC concentrations resulted from weather types that favor air advection, where cold frontal systems, on average, delivered more than warm/stationary fronts and northeasters. A mixed modeling statistical approach revealed that factors related to storm properties, emission sources, and to the chemical composition of the atmosphere could explain more than 60% of the storm to storm variability in DOC concentrations. This study provided observations on changes in dissolved organic matter that can be useful in modeling of atmospheric oxidative chemistry, exploring relationships between organics and other elements of precipitation chemistry, and in considering temporal changes in ecosystem nutrient balances and microbial activity. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Iavorivska, Lidiia; Boyer, Elizabeth W.; Brown, Michael G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Miller, Matthew P.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, West Valley City, UT 84119 USA. [Vasilopoulos, Terrie] Univ Florida, Dept Anesthesiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Fuentes, Jose D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Duffy, Christopher J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Iavorivska, L (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM lui100@psu.edu OI Iavorivska, Lidiia/0000-0002-6224-6271; Fuentes, Jose D/0000-0002-6177-6326; Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2537-1823 FU National Science Foundation [0947962, EAR 07-25019] FX This research was conducted in Penn State's Stone Valley Forest, which is managed by the Penn State's Forest Land Management Office in the College of Agricultural Sciences. The study site is the NSF-supported Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory. This work was facilitated in part by National Science Foundation grants to EWB (award number 0947962) and to CJD (award number EAR 07-25019). We thank Jeff Grimm for help with calculations of antecedent precipitation depth; and Jeremy Harper and Kevin Homer for help with field sampling. Further, we thank the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection for their support of our long-term monitoring of precipitation and atmospheric deposition. We appreciate the thoughtful and helpful review comments provided by Martin Risch of the US Geological Survey, 2 anonymous reviewers, and the editors. NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 147 BP 284 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.10.002 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ED0PE UT WOS:000388543600025 ER PT J AU Walsh, J Olsen, BJ Ruskin, KJ Shriver, WG O'Brien, KM Kovach, AI AF Walsh, Jennifer Olsen, Brian J. Ruskin, Katharine J. Shriver, W. Gregory O'Brien, Kathleen M. Kovach, Adrienne I. TI Extrinsic and intrinsic factors influence fitness in an avian hybrid zone SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE extrinsic selection; Haldane's rule; hybrid fitness; hybridization; Nelson's sparrow; saltmarsh sparrow ID SHARP-TAILED SPARROWS; AMMODRAMUS-CAUDACUTUS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; HABITAT SELECTION; NEW-ENGLAND; HYBRIDIZATION; CONSERVATION; CONSEQUENCES; SURVIVAL AB The effects of hybridization on evolutionary processes are primarily determined by the differential between hybrid and parental species fitness. Assessing the impacts of hybridization can be challenging, however, as determining the relationship between individual fitness and the extent of introgression in wild populations is difficult. We evaluated the fitness consequences of hybridization for pure and hybrid females in a hybrid zone between two tidal marsh birds, the saltmarsh sparrow (Ammodramus caudacutus), a salt marsh obligate, and Nelson's sparrow (A.nelsoni), which has a broader ecological niche and a much younger evolutionary association with salt marshes. Biotic stressors associated with nesting in tidal environments suggest an important role for differential adaptation in shaping hybrid zone dynamics, with saltmarsh sparrows predicted to be better adapted to nesting in salt marshes. We collected DNA samples from adults (n=394) and nestlings (n=431) to determine the extent of introgression using 12 microsatellite loci and tested for the influence of extrinsic (nest placement) and intrinsic (genotype) factors on female reproductive success. We monitored nests (n=228), collected data on reproductive output, and estimated daily nest survival rates using female genotype and nest characteristics as covariates. To test for reduced survival of hybrid females, we also used capture data to assess the distribution of admixed male and female individuals across age classes. Reproductive success of females varied by genotypic class, but hybrids did not have intermediate success as predicted. Instead, we found that pure Nelson's sparrows had, on average, 33% lower hatching success than any other genotype, whereas F1/F2 hybrids, backcrossed Nelson's sparrows, and backcrossed and pure saltmarsh sparrows all had similar hatching success. We found no effect of genotype or nest placement on daily nest survival probabilities. However, hybrid individuals with a higher proportion of saltmarsh sparrow alleles exhibit nesting behaviours better suited to nesting successfully in tidal marshes. Further, while the proportion of F1/F2 individuals was similar between nestling and adult males, we found that the proportion of F1/F2 individuals was 2.3 times greater in nestling females compared with adult females, indicating reduced survival of F1 females. We conclude that differences in reproductive success among pure and admixed individuals coupled with intrinsic mechanisms (reduced survival in F1 females) shape hybrid zone dynamics in this system. C1 [Walsh, Jennifer; Kovach, Adrienne I.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Olsen, Brian J.; Ruskin, Katharine J.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME USA. [Shriver, W. Gregory] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE USA. [O'Brien, Kathleen M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rachel Carson Natl Wildlife Refuge, Wells, ME USA. RP Walsh, J (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jennifer.walsh.emond@gmail.com FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service Region, Division of Natural Resources, National Wildlife Refuge System; Northeast Regional Conservation Needs Grant Program; New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, through a USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture McIntire-Stennis Project [225575]; University of Maine; Competitive State Wildlife Grant via the United States Fish and Wildlife Service [U2-5-R-1]; Federal Aid in Sportfish and Wildlife Restoration FX We thank the Nature Conservancy and the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife for allowing sample collection in protected marshes. We also thank M.B Hunt, K.E. Papanastassiou, B. Flemer, and L. Kordonowy for help in the field. We thank C. Benkman and one anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. Funding for this project was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Region 5, Division of Natural Resources, National Wildlife Refuge System, the Northeast Regional Conservation Needs Grant Program, the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, through a USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture McIntire-Stennis Project #225575, the University of Maine, a Competitive State Wildlife Grant (U2-5-R-1) via the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Federal Aid in Sportfish and Wildlife Restoration to the states of Delaware, Maryland, Connecticut, and Maine, and the Maine Association of Wetland Scientists. This is Scientific Contribution Number 2676 of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. Sampling was conducted in accordance with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of New Hampshire (100605, 130604) and of the University of Maine (A2011-04-02). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4066 EI 1095-8312 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 119 IS 4 BP 890 EP 903 DI 10.1111/bij.12837 PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA ED0AO UT WOS:000388505600010 ER PT J AU Collins, SA Sanders, FJ Jodice, PGR AF Collins, Samantha A. Sanders, Felicia J. Jodice, Patrick G. R. TI Assessing conservation tools for an at-risk shorebird: Feasibility of headstarting for American Oystercatchers Haematopus palliatus SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID PLOVERS CHARADRIUS-MELODUS; PIPING PLOVERS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; ARTIFICIAL INCUBATION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NORTH-CAROLINA; BIRD EGGS; MANAGEMENT; VIRGINIA; SURVIVAL AB Management of threatened and endangered populations of wildlife increasingly relies upon active intervention such as predator control, habitat manipulation, and ex situ breeding or care. One tool that has received consideration for the management of declining or threatened avian populations is headstarting, or the artificial incubation of eggs and subsequent placement of newly hatched chicks in original or foster nests. We assessed the feasibility of implementing a headstarting program for the American Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus, a species of high conservation concern in the eastern USA. Annual productivity is often low and lost during incubation, suggesting artificial incubation could enhance annual productivity. We used a control-impact approach to assign nests as either control or headstart and measured daily survival rate, success of parents accepting headstarted chicks, attendance patterns and behaviours of parents, and chick survival. We also implemented a transparent scoring process to rate the success of each step and the overall program. Daily survival rates of nests were significantly higher at headstart compared to control nests, and parents continued to incubate when eggs were well secured at nest sites. Attendance patterns and behaviour did not differ between headstart and control parents, and parents readily accepted healthy chicks whether they were returned to original or foster nests. Chick survival and subsequently annual productivity were, however, not higher at headstart compared to control nests suggesting that although we were able to enhance nest survival, low chick survival was still limiting annual productivity. Ultimately, headstarting may be most appropriate for American Oystercatchers where productivity is lost primarily to flooding, predation, or disturbance during the incubation stage but not during the chick-rearing stage. If, for example, high rates of nest loss are due to predators that also may prey upon chicks, then headstarting may not be an effective conservation tool. C1 [Collins, Samantha A.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Conservat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Collins, Samantha A.] Clemson Univ, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Collins, Samantha A.] Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, 5476 Grand Chenier Highway, Grand Chenier, LA 70643 USA. [Sanders, Felicia J.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, 220 Santee Gun Club Rd, Mcclellanville, SC 29458 USA. [Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Jodice, PGR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM pjodice@clemson.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; US Fish and Wildlife Service; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; USGS South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Clemson University; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Mark Spinks, Sarah Woodward, Billy Shaw, Charles Wahl, Adam DiNuovo, Nicholas Wallover, J. Benjamin Mongold, and the staff at the Charles Lee Morgan Poultry Center at Clemson University, particularly Carol Foster-Mosely, for their assistance and advice. Carolyn Wakefield assisted with logistics and administration. We also acknowledge the support of Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, in particular, Sarah Dawsey. This research was funded and supported by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, US Fish and Wildlife Service, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, USGS South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and Clemson University. The manuscript benefitted from comments by Patrick Gerard and David Jachowski. Permits for this research were provided by The Clemson University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol # 2010-028). The South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is supported by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0959-2709 EI 1474-0001 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 26 IS 4 BP 451 EP 465 DI 10.1017/S0959270916000095 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA ED6EX UT WOS:000388949800004 ER PT J AU Hahn, CM Iwanowicz, LR Cornman, RS Mazik, PM Blazer, VS AF Hahn, Cassidy M. Iwanowicz, Luke R. Cornman, Robert S. Mazik, Patricia M. Blazer, Vicki S. TI Transcriptome discovery in non-model wild fish species for the development of quantitative transcript abundance assays SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID BULLHEAD AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS; BENEFICIAL USE IMPAIRMENT; BASS MICROPTERUS-DOLOMIEU; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; BROWN BULLHEAD; GREAT-LAKES; SMALLMOUTH BASS; EMERGING CONTAMINANTS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION AB Environmental studies increasingly identify the presence of both contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and legacy contaminants in aquatic environments; however, the biological effects of these compounds on resident fishes remain largely unknown. High throughput methodologies were employed to establish partial transcriptomes for three wild-caught, non-model fish species; smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) and brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus). Sequences from these transcriptome databases were utilized in the development of a custom nCounter CodeSet that allowed for direct multiplexed measurement of 50 transcript abundance endpoints in liver tissue. Sequence information was also utilized in the development of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) primers. Cross-species hybridization allowed the smallmouth bass nCounter CodeSet to be used for quantitative transcript abundance analysis of an additional non-model species, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). We validated the nCounter analysis data system with qPCR for a subset of genes and confirmed concordant results. Changes in transcript abundance biomarkers between sexes and seasons were evaluated to provide baseline data on transcript modulation for each species of interest. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hahn, Cassidy M.; Mazik, Patricia M.] West Virginia Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Hahn, Cassidy M.; Iwanowicz, Luke R.; Cornman, Robert S.; Blazer, Vicki S.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Hahn, CM (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM cmhahn@usgs.gov OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Environmental Health (Contaminant Biology), Ecosystems (Fisheries) and Cooperative Units Programs FX This research was funded through a Great Lakes Restoration Initiative grant to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and by the U.S. Geological Survey's Environmental Health (Contaminant Biology), Ecosystems (Fisheries) and Cooperative Units Programs. We thank Jo Ann Banda, Steven Choy, Daniel Gefell, Zachary Jorgenson, and Jeremy Moore for fish collections; Ryan Braham, Heather Walsh, and Adam Sperry for assistance with fish collections and tissue processing; and Tim King for assistance with 454 sequencing of the smallmouth bass. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1744-117X EI 1878-0407 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS D JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. D-Genomics Proteomics PD DEC PY 2016 VL 20 BP 27 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.07.001 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA ED8BS UT WOS:000389097500004 PM 27497300 ER PT J AU Lasier, PJ Urich, ML Hassan, SM Jacobs, WN Bringolf, RB Owens, KM AF Lasier, Peter J. Urich, Matthew L. Hassan, Sayed M. Jacobs, Whitney N. Bringolf, Robert B. Owens, Kathleen M. TI Changing agricultural practices: potential consequences to aquatic organisms SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Glyphosate; Steroid hoi inones; Nutrient enrichment; Surface waters Sediments ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; SURFACE WATERS; AMINOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; ESTROGENIC COMPOUNDS; CHRONIC TOXICITY; HYALELLA-AZTECA; SEDIMENT; GLYPHOSATE; NITRATE AB Agricultural practices pose threats to biotic diversity in freshwater systems with increasing use of glyphosate-based herbicides for weed control and animal waste for soil amendment becoming common in many regions. Over the past two decades, these particular agricultural trends have corresponded with marked declines in populations of fish and mussel species in the Upper Conasauga River watershed in Georgia/Tennessee, USA. To investigate the potential role of agriculture in the population declines, surface waters and sediments throughout the basin were tested for toxicity and analyzed for glyphosate, metals, nutrients, and steroid hormones. Assessments of chronic toxicity with Ceriodaphnia duhia and Hyalella azteca indicated that few water or sediment samples were harmful and metal concentrations were generally below impairment levels. Glyphosate was not observed in surface waters, although its primary degradation product, aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA), was detected in 77% of the samples (mean = 509 mu g/L, n = 99) and one or both compounds were measured in most sediment samples. Waterborne AMPA concentrations supported an inference that surfactants associated with glyphosate may be present at levels sufficient to affect early life stages of mussels. Nutrient enrichment of surface waters was widespread with nitrate (mean = 0.7 mg NO3-N/L, n = 179) and phosphorus (mean = 275 mu g/L, n = 179) exceeding levels associated with eutrophication. Hormone concentrations in sediments were often above those shown to cause endocrine disruption in fish and appear to reflect the widespread application of poultry litter and manure. Observed species declines may be at least partially due to hormones, although excess nutrients and herbicide surfactants may also be implicated. C1 [Lasier, Peter J.; Urich, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hassan, Sayed M.; Jacobs, Whitney N.; Bringolf, Robert B.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Owens, Kathleen M.] Nature Conservancy, Armuchee, GA USA. RP Lasier, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM plasier@usgs.gov FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service through the Georgia Ecological Services Office FX Funding for this research was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service through the Georgia Ecological Services Office. Facilities were provided by the D. B. Wamell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 188 IS 12 AR 672 DI 10.1007/s10661-016-5691-7 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ED4GD UT WOS:000388805000019 PM 27848110 ER PT J AU Tang, ZH Li, Y Gu, Y Jiang, WG Xue, Y Hu, Q LaGrange, T Bishop, A Drahota, J Li, RP AF Tang, Zhenghong Li, Yao Gu, Yue Jiang, Weiguo Xue, Yuan Hu, Qiao LaGrange, Ted Bishop, Andy Drahota, Jeff Li, Ruopu TI Assessing Nebraska playa wetland inundation status during 1985-2015 using Landsat data and Google Earth Engine SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Wetland; Rainwater Basin; Inundation; Tasseled Cap Wetness-Greenness Difference; Nebraska ID DIFFERENCE WATER INDEX; RAINWATER BASIN; UNITED-STATES; LIDAR DATA; IMAGERY; VEGETATION; NDWI; INVENTORY; FEATURES AB Playa wetlands in Nebraska provide globally important habitats for migratory waterfowl. Inundation condition is an important indicator of playa wetland functionality. However, there is a lack of long-term continuous monitoring records for playa wetlands. The objective of this study was to determine a suitable index for Landsat images to map the playa inundation status in March and April during 1985-2015. Four types of spectral indices-negative normalized vegetation index, Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), modified NDWI, and Tasseled Cap Wetness-Greenness Difference (TCWGD)-were evaluated to detect playa inundation conditions from Landsat images. The results indicate that the TCWGD is the most suitable index for distinguishing playa inundation status. By using Landsat images and Google Earth Engine, we mapped the spring inundation condition of Nebraska playas during 1985-2015. The results show that the total inundated areas were 176.79 km(2) in spring migratory season, representing 18.92% of the total area of playa wetlands. There were 9898 wetlands inundated at least once in either March or April during the past 30 years, representing 29.41% of a total of 33,659 historical wetlands. After comparing the historical hydric soil footprints and the inundated areas, the results indicate that the hydrological conditions of the majority of playas in Nebraska have changed. The inundated wetlands are candidates for protection and/or partial restoration, and the un-inundated wetlands need more attention for wetland restoration. Wetlands in areas enrolled in conservation easements had a significantly high level of playa inundation status than non-conserved wetlands during spring migratory seasons in the past decades. These conservation easements only count for 4.29% of the total footprint areas, but they have contributed 20.82% of the inundation areas in Nebraska during the past 30 years. C1 [Tang, Zhenghong; Li, Yao; Gu, Yue; Xue, Yuan; Hu, Qiao; Li, Ruopu] Univ Nebraska, Community & Reg Planning Program, 313 Architecture Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Jiang, Weiguo] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [LaGrange, Ted] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Bishop, Andy] Rainwater Basin Joint Venture, Grand Isl, NE 68803 USA. [Drahota, Jeff] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rainwater Basin Wetland Management Dist, Funk, NE 68940 USA. RP Tang, ZH (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Community & Reg Planning Program, 313 Architecture Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM ztang2@unl.edu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [CD97746701]; Rainwater Bain Joint Venture; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission FX This paper has been funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under assistance agreements (CD97746701). The contents do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the funding agencies, and do not mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The research team sincerely appreciated the great support from the Rainwater Bain Joint Venture, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 22 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 188 IS 12 AR UNSP 654 DI 10.1007/s10661-016-5664-x PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ED4GD UT WOS:000388805000001 PM 27826819 ER PT J AU Di Rocco, RT Johnson, NS Brege, L Imre, I Brown, GE AF Di Rocco, R. T. Johnson, N. S. Brege, L. Imre, I. Brown, G. E. TI Sea lamprey avoid areas scented with conspecific tissue extract in Michigan streams SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2-phenylethylamine hydrochloride; alarm cue; kairomones; migration; Petromyzon marinus; predator cue ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; ALARM CUE; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; PHEROMONE; PREDATOR; ODOR; FISH; PREY; WILD; PROSPECTUS AB Three in-stream experiments were conducted to determine whether sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., tissue extract (alarm cue) and 2-phenylethylamine hydrochloride (PEA HCl, a putative predator cue) influenced the distribution of migrating adult sea lamprey. Experiments evaluated sea lamprey movement when an odour was applied to (1) a tributary of a larger stream; and (2) half of a stream channel. Fewer sea lamprey entered the tributary and side of the river scented with sea lamprey tissue extract compared to the control treatment. Sea lamprey did not avoid the tributary and side of the river scented with PEA HCl. A final laboratory experiment found no difference in the avoidance response of sea lamprey to PEA HCl mixed with river water vs PEA HCl mixed with water from Lake Huron. As such, the lack of sea lamprey response to PEA HCl in the stream was unlikely to have been caused by the presence of the river water. Rather, the difference between laboratory and field results may be attributed to the complexity of the physical environment. C1 [Di Rocco, R. T.; Imre, I.] Algoma Univ, Dept Biol, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada. [Johnson, N. S.; Brege, L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Brown, G. E.] Concordia Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Johnson, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM njohnson@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fisheries Commission FX We would like to thank the employees of Hammond Bay Biological Station for their assistance completing this research, especially M. Pomranke and T. Bruning for their work at Ocqueoc River and Silver Creek. We are grateful to E. Jordbro and H. McClure at Algoma University for help in conducting the laboratory experiment and analysing the videos. Tyler Buchinger and three anonymous reviewers provided many useful comments on an early draft of the manuscript. The Great Lakes Fisheries Commission provided funding for this research. Mention of trademark names does not infer endorsement by the U.S. Federal Government. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 23 IS 6 BP 548 EP 560 DI 10.1111/fme.12198 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA ED2IU UT WOS:000388668100011 ER PT J AU Geist, EL Fritz, HM Rabinovich, AB Tanioka, Y AF Geist, Eric L. Fritz, Hermann M. Rabinovich, Alexander B. Tanioka, Yuichiro TI Introduction to "Global Tsunami Science: Past and Future, Volume I" SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami investigation; Tsunami Warning System; Tsunami detection; Tsunami records; Tsunami modeling; Pacific Ocean; Spectral analysis; Tsunami probability; Landslide tsunami; Meteotsunami AB Twenty-five papers on the study of tsunamis are included in Volume I of the PAGEOPH topical issue "Global Tsunami Science: Past and Future". Six papers examine various aspects of tsunami probability and uncertainty analysis related to hazard assessment. Three papers relate to deterministic hazard and risk assessment. Five more papers present new methods for tsunami warning and detection. Six papers describe new methods for modeling tsunami hydrodynamics. Two papers investigate tsunamis generated by non-seismic sources: landslides and meteorological disturbances. The final three papers describe important case studies of recent and historical events. Collectively, this volume highlights contemporary trends in global tsunami research, both fundamental and applied toward hazard assessment and mitigation. C1 [Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fritz, Hermann M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Rabinovich, Alexander B.] Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, 9860 West Saanich Rd, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Rabinovich, Alexander B.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Inst Oceanol, 36 Nakhimovsky Pr, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Tanioka, Yuichiro] Hokkaido Univ, Inst Seismol & Volcanol, Kita Ku, N10W8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM egeist@usgs.gov; fritz@gatech.edu; Alexander.Rabinovich@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; tanioka@mail.sci.hokudai.ac.jp RI Fritz, Hermann/H-5618-2013 OI Fritz, Hermann/0000-0002-6798-5401 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 173 IS 12 BP 3663 EP 3669 DI 10.1007/s00024-016-1427-4 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED3IY UT WOS:000388744000001 ER PT J AU Geist, EL Parsons, T AF Geist, Eric L. Parsons, Tom TI Reconstruction of Far-Field Tsunami Amplitude Distributions from Earthquake Sources SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunamis; probability distribution; seismic moment; tsunami amplitude; tide gauge ID MOMENT-FREQUENCY RELATION; POWER-LAW; SHALLOW EARTHQUAKES; PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS; GUTENBERG-RICHTER; MAGNITUDE; MODEL; SIZE; SEISMICITY; HAZARDS AB The probability distribution of far-field tsunami amplitudes is explained in relation to the distribution of seismic moment at subduction zones. Tsunami amplitude distributions at tide gauge stations follow a similar functional form, well described by a tapered Pareto distribution that is parameterized by a power-law exponent and a corner amplitude. Distribution parameters are first established for eight tide gauge stations in the Pacific, using maximum likelihood estimation. A procedure is then developed to reconstruct the tsunami amplitude distribution that consists of four steps: (1) define the distribution of seismic moment at subduction zones; (2) establish a source-station scaling relation from regression analysis; (3) transform the seismic moment distribution to a tsunami amplitude distribution for each subduction zone; and (4) mix the transformed distribution for all subduction zones to an aggregate tsunami amplitude distribution specific to the tide gauge station. The tsunami amplitude distribution is adequately reconstructed for four tide gauge stations using globally constant seismic moment distribution parameters established in previous studies. In comparisons to empirical tsunami amplitude distributions from maximum likelihood estimation, the reconstructed distributions consistently exhibit higher corner amplitude values, implying that in most cases, the empirical catalogs are too short to include the largest amplitudes. Because the reconstructed distribution is based on a catalog of earthquakes that is much larger than the tsunami catalog, it is less susceptible to the effects of record-breaking events and more indicative of the actual distribution of tsunami amplitudes. C1 [Geist, Eric L.; Parsons, Tom] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM egeist@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 173 IS 12 BP 3703 EP 3717 DI 10.1007/s00024-016-1288-x PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED3IY UT WOS:000388744000004 ER PT J AU Chaytor, JD Geist, EL Paull, CK Caress, DW Gwiazda, R Fucugauchi, JU Vieyra, MR AF Chaytor, Jason D. Geist, Eric L. Paull, Charles K. Caress, David W. Gwiazda, Roberto Urrutia Fucugauchi, Jaime Rebolledo Vieyra, Mario TI Source Characterization and Tsunami Modeling of Submarine Landslides Along the Yucatan Shelf/Campeche Escarpment, Southern Gulf of Mexico SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CAMPECHE ESCARPMENT; FLORIDA ESCARPMENT; BOUNDARY; DEPOSITS; CANYONS AB Submarine landslides occurring along the margins of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) represent a low-likelihood, but potentially damaging source of tsunamis. New multibeam bathymetry coverage reveals that mass wasting is pervasive along the Yucatan Shelf edge with several large composite landslides possibly removing as much as 70 km(3) of the Cenozoic sedimentary section in a single event. Using GIS-based analysis, the dimensions of six landslides from the central and northern sections of the Yucatan Shelf/Campeche Escarpment were determined and used as input for preliminary tsunami generation and propagation models. Tsunami modeling is performed to compare the propagation characteristics and distribution of maximum amplitudes throughout the GOM among the different landslide scenarios. Various factors such as landslide geometry, location along the Yucatan Shelf/Campeche Escarpment, and refraction during propagation result in significant variations in the affected part of the Mexican and US Gulf Coasts. In all cases, however, tsunami amplitudes are greatest along the northern Yucatan Peninsula. C1 [Chaytor, Jason D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Paull, Charles K.; Caress, David W.; Gwiazda, Roberto] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Urrutia Fucugauchi, Jaime] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Rebolledo Vieyra, Mario] Ctr Invest Cient Yucatan, Merida, Mexico. RP Chaytor, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jchaytor@usgs.gov OI Caress, David/0000-0002-6596-9133 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 173 IS 12 BP 4101 EP 4116 DI 10.1007/s00024-016-1363-3 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED3IY UT WOS:000388744000022 ER PT J AU von Huene, R Miller, JJ Klaeschen, D Dartnell, P AF von Huene, Roland Miller, John J. Klaeschen, Dirk Dartnell, Peter TI A Possible Source Mechanism of the 1946 Unimak Alaska Far-Field Tsunami: Uplift of the Mid-Slope Terrace Above a Splay Fault Zone SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Alaska subduction zone; 1946 tsunami; splay fault zone; tsunami source mechanics; subducted relief; Alaska tsunami hazard ID ALEUTIAN ISLAND-ARC; ACCRETIONARY PRISM; SUBDUCTION ZONE; EARTHQUAKE; DEFORMATION; RUPTURE AB In 1946, megathrust seismicity along the Unimak segment of the Alaska subduction zone generated the largest ever recorded Alaska/Aleutian tsunami. The tsunami severely damaged Pacific islands and coastal areas from Alaska to Antarctica. It is the charter member of "tsunami" earthquakes that produce outsized far-field tsunamis for the recorded magnitude. Its source mechanisms were unconstrained by observations because geophysical data for the Unimak segment were sparse and of low resolution. Reprocessing of legacy geophysical data reveals a deep water, high-angle reverse or splay thrust fault zone that leads megathrust slip upward to the mid-slope terrace seafloor rather than along the plate boundary toward the trench axis. Splay fault uplift elevates the outer mid-slope terrace and its inner area subsides. Multibeam bathymetry along the splay fault zone shows recent but undated seafloor disruption. The structural configuration of the nearby Semidi segment is similar to that of the Unimak segment, portending generation of a future large tsunami directed toward the US West coast. C1 [von Huene, Roland] US Geol Survey, 4300 Carlson Way, Diamond Springs, CA 95619 USA. [Miller, John J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Klaeschen, Dirk] Geomar Helmholtz Zentrum Ozeanforsch, Wishhofstr 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Dartnell, Peter] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP von Huene, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4300 Carlson Way, Diamond Springs, CA 95619 USA. EM rhuene@mindspring.com; jmiller@usgs.gov; dkaleschen@geomar.de; pdartnell@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 173 IS 12 BP 4189 EP 4201 DI 10.1007/s00024-016-1393-x PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ED3IY UT WOS:000388744000026 ER PT J AU Creamer, CA Jones, DL Baldock, JA Rui, YC Murphy, DV Hoyle, FC Farrell, M AF Creamer, Courtney A. Jones, Davey L. Baldock, Jeff A. Rui, Yichao Murphy, Daniel V. Hoyle, Frances C. Farrell, Mark TI Is the fate of glucose-derived carbon more strongly driven by nutrient availability, soil texture, or microbial biomass size? SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE C-14 tracer; Carbon mineralization; Microbial biomass; Nutrient stoichiometry; Organo-mineral associations; Soil texture ID KINETIC RESPIRATION ANALYSIS; ORGANIC-MATTER; USE EFFICIENCY; STOICHIOMETRIC CONTROLS; NITROGEN LIMITATION; LIPID PHOSPHATE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANT INPUTS; GLOBAL-SCALE; TURNOVER AB Increasing organic matter (OM) in soil promotes the delivery of vital ecosystem services, such as improving water retention, decreasing erosion, increasing plant productivity, and mitigating climate change through terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration. The formation of organo-mineral associations through microbial turnover of labile (i.e. easily decomposed) C is a potential pathway of soil C stabilization. However, association of added C with mineral surfaces may be impacted by soil clay content and/ or by nutrient availability (due to higher microbial C use efficiency). We added C-14 labeled glucose as a model labile substrate together with either ion exchange resin beads (to induce nutrient limitation), water (no additional nutrients), or four increasing concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur in constant stoichiometric ratios to nine agricultural soils under the same climate and management but along a texture gradient from 3 to 40% clay. The soils with C-14-glucose and a nutrient treatment were incubated for 4 weeks during which the C-14 was traced into CO2, microbial biomass, dissolved organic C (DOC), and soil organic C (SOC). Induced nutrient limitation (available C:N ratio around 300:1) reduced mineralization of glucose-derived C, particularly in soils with <15% clay. However, in soils with >15% clay, higher microbial biomass allowed for glucose-derived C mineralization despite nutrient limitation. Alleviating the nutrient limitation (available C:N < 50:1) allowed for greater transformation of added C into microbial biomass-C and SOC, particularly in soils with >= 21% clay, although further additions (down to C:N of 11:1) did not result in greater SOC or microbial biomass formation. Except under conditions of nutrient limitation (where C:N > 50:1), soil texture and starting microbial biomass size, not nutrient availability, were the drivers of SOC and microbial biomass formation during the incubation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Creamer, Courtney A.; Baldock, Jeff A.; Farrell, Mark] CSIRO Agr & Food, PMB2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Jones, Davey L.] Bangor Univ, Environm Ctr Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Rui, Yichao; Murphy, Daniel V.; Hoyle, Frances C.; Farrell, Mark] Univ Western Australia, Inst Agr, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. RP Creamer, CA (reprint author), CSIRO Agr & Food, PMB2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.; Creamer, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 962, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM courtneycreamer@gmail.com RI Farrell, Mark/C-3676-2011; Jones, Davey/C-7411-2011; Baldock, Jeffrey/G-1362-2010; OI Farrell, Mark/0000-0003-4562-2738; Baldock, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6428-8555; Creamer, Courtney/0000-0001-8270-9387 FU CSIRO OCE post-doctoral fellowship; CSIRO Land and Water Capability Development Fund; CSIRO OCE Julius Career Award; Australian Research Council Future Fellowship [FT110100246] FX Thanks to Janine McGowan (CSIRO) for assistance with soil fractionation and soil carbon and nitrogen measurements, and thanks to Kirsty Brooks (UWA) for help with soil sampling. This work was funded by a CSIRO OCE post-doctoral fellowship and a CSIRO Land and Water Capability Development Fund award to C.A.C. M.F. was supported by a CSIRO OCE Julius Career Award. D.V.M. was supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT110100246). NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 46 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 103 BP 201 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.08.025 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ED3VA UT WOS:000388775400020 ER PT J AU Iverson, RM George, DL AF Iverson, Richard M. George, David L. TI Discussion of "The relation between dilatancy, effective stress and dispersive pressure in granular avalanches" by P. Bartelt and O. Buser (DOI: 10.1007/s11440-016-0463-7) SO ACTA GEOTECHNICA LA English DT Editorial Material DE D-Claw; Debris flow; Dilatancy; Dispersive pressure; Effective stress; Landslide ID DEBRIS FLOW AB A paper recently published by Bartelt and Buser (hereafter identified as "the authors'') aims to clarify relationships between granular dilatancy and dispersive pressure and to question the effective stress principle and its application to shallow granular avalanches (Bartelt and Buser in Act Geotech 11: 549-557, 2). The paper also criticizes our own recent work, which utilizes the concepts of evolving dilatancy and effective stress to model the initiation and dynamics of water-saturated landslides and debris flows. Here we first explain why we largely agree with the authors' views of dilatancy and dispersive pressure as they apply to depth-integrated granular avalanche models, and why we disagree with their views of effective stress and pore-fluid pressure. We conclude by explaining why the authors' characterization of our recently developed D-Claw model is inaccurate. C1 [Iverson, Richard M.; George, David L.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Iverson, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM riverson@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1861-1125 EI 1861-1133 J9 ACTA GEOTECH JI Acta Geotech. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1465 EP 1468 DI 10.1007/s11440-016-0502-4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA ED0YY UT WOS:000388571600016 ER PT J AU Siegfried, KI Williams, EH Shertzer, KW Coggins, LG AF Siegfried, Kate I. Williams, Erik H. Shertzer, Kyle W. Coggins, Lewis G. TI Improving stock assessments through data prioritization SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB The need for "better data" is a common response of stakeholders and managers when confronted with the uncertainty of advice resulting from quantitative stock assessments. Most contemporary stock assessments are based on an integrated analysis of multiple data types, each with their associated cost to collect. Data collection resources are inevitably limited; therefore, it is important to quantify the relative value of increased sampling for alternative data types in terms of improving stock assessments. We approached this universal problem using a simulation study of a hypothetical, amalgam species developed from eight separate stock assessments conducted for species found in southeastern US Atlantic waters. We simulated a population and a stock assessment from the amalgam species and then individually improved alternative data types (indices, age compositions, landings, and discards) by increasing either precision or sample size. We also simulated the effects of increased sampling for alternative groupings of data that might be collected in concert (e.g., commercial, recreational, or survey). Our results show that for the snapper-grouper complex we modeled, age composition data have the largest effect on the accuracy of assessments, with commercial age compositions being the most influential. This is due in part to the relative paucity of age composition data for many southeast US marine stocks, so that modest increases in collection efforts have relatively high benefits for age-based assessment models currently in use for the region. Though this study used data from a particular region of the US, our investigative framework is broadly applicable for quantitatively evaluating the benefits of improved data collection in terms of the precision of stock assessments in any region. C1 [Siegfried, Kate I.; Williams, Erik H.; Shertzer, Kyle W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Coggins, Lewis G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 346, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. RP Siegfried, KI (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Kate.Siegfried@noaa.gov FU NOAA Assessment Methods Working Group FX We thank the NOAA Assessment Methods Working Group for the grant that funded this project. We appreciate the helpful comments and criticisms about the manuscript from Kevin Craig and Amy Schueller, and we thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1703 EP 1711 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0398 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC4QO UT WOS:000388118700001 ER PT J AU Dunmall, KM Mochnacz, NJ Zimmerman, CE Lean, C Reist, JD AF Dunmall, Karen M. Mochnacz, Neil J. Zimmerman, Christian E. Lean, Charles Reist, James D. TI Using thermal limits to assess establishment of fish dispersing to high-latitude and high-elevation watersheds SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE; GROUNDWATER; SALMON; ECOSYSTEMS; IMPACT; COLONIZATION; STREAMS; CHARRS; ALASKA AB Distributional shifts of biota to higher latitudes and elevations are presumably influenced by species-specific physiological tolerances related to warming temperatures. However, it is establishment rather than dispersal that may be limiting colonizations in these cold frontier areas. In freshwater ecosystems, perennial groundwater springs provide critical winter thermal refugia in these extreme environments. By reconciling the thermal characteristics of these refugia with the minimum thermal tolerances of life stages critical for establishment, we develop a strategy to focus broad projections of northward and upward range shifts to the specific habitats that are likely for establishments. We evaluate this strategy using chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) that seem poised to colonize Arctic watersheds. Stream habitats with a minimum temperature of 4 degrees C during spawning and temperatures above 2 degrees C during egg incubation were most vulnerable to establishments by chum and pink salmon. This strategy will improve modelling forecasts of range shifts for cold freshwater habitats and focus proactive efforts to conserve both newly emerging fisheries and native species at northern and upper distributional extremes. C1 [Dunmall, Karen M.; Mochnacz, Neil J.; Reist, James D.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Dunmall, Karen M.; Mochnacz, Neil J.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Lean, Charles] Norton Sound Fisheries Res & Dev, POB 358, Nome, AK 99762 USA. [Dunmall, Karen M.] 501 Univ Cr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. RP Dunmall, KM (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.; Dunmall, KM (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Dunmall, KM (reprint author), 501 Univ Cr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. EM Karen.Dunmall@gmail.com FU Fisheries and Oceans Canada; University of Manitoba; Government of the Northwest Territories through the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program [00142]; Polar Continental Shelf Program [111-13]; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board; Gwich'in Land Use Planning Board; Sahtu Renewable Resources Board; NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship; W. Garfield Weston Foundation Award for Northern Research (PhD); American Fisheries Society J. Frances Allen Scholarship FX R. Bajno, A. Charlie, J. Frandsen, C. Gallagher, D. Gordon, Jr., B. Kissinger, E. Lea, K. Maier, E. McLeod, J. McLeod, S. McLeod, and D. Swainson assisted in installing and retrieving temperature loggers. Thanks are extended to D. Teleki for his ArcGIS support. Financial support for this research was provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada, University of Manitoba, Government of the Northwest Territories through the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (Project No. 00142), Polar Continental Shelf Program (Project No. 111-13), the Fisheries Joint Management Committee, the Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board, the Gwich'in Land Use Planning Board, and the Sahtu Renewable Resources Board. K.M.D. gratefully acknowledges support from an NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship, a W. Garfield Weston Foundation Award for Northern Research (PhD), and the 2014 American Fisheries Society J. Frances Allen Scholarship. This paper benefited from reviews by F. DeCicco and two anonymous reviewers. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1750 EP 1758 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0051 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC4QO UT WOS:000388118700006 ER PT J AU Willmes, M Glessner, JJG Carleton, SA Gerrity, PC Hobbs, JA AF Willmes, Malte Glessner, Justin J. G. Carleton, Scott A. Gerrity, Paul C. Hobbs, James A. TI Sr-87/Sr-86 isotope ratio analysis by laser ablation MC-ICP-MS in scales, spines, and fin rays as a nonlethal alternative to otoliths for reconstructing fish life history SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; RIVER GREEN STURGEON; SR ISOTOPES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; TOOTH ENAMEL; GEOCHEMICAL SIGNATURES; GEOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; STRONTIUM ISOTOPES; ESTUARINE FISH AB Strontium isotope ratios (Sr-87/Sr-86) in otoliths are a well-established tool to determine origins and movement patterns of fish. However, otolith extraction requires sacrificing fish, and when working with protected or endangered species, the use of nonlethal samples such as scales, spines, and fin rays is preferred. Unlike otoliths that are predominantly aragonite, these tissues are composed of biological apatite. Laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) analysis of biological apatite can induce significant interference on mass 87, causing inaccurate Sr-87/Sr-86 measurements. To quantify this interference, we applied LA-MC-ICP-MS to three marine samples (white seabass (Atractoscion nobilis) otolith; green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) pectoral fin ray; salmon shark (Lamna ditropis) tooth), and freshwater walleye (Sander vitreus) otoliths, scales, and spines). Instrument conditions that maximize signal intensity resulted in elevated Sr-87/Sr-86 isotope ratios in the bioapatite samples, related to a polyatomic interference ((CaPO)-Ca-40-P-31-O-16, (ArPO)-Ar-40-P-31-O-16). Retuning instrument conditions to reduce oxide levels removed this interference, resulting in accurate Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios across all tissue samples. This method provides a novel, nonlethal alternative to otolith analysis to reconstruct fish life histories. C1 [Willmes, Malte; Hobbs, James A.] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Glessner, Justin J. G.] Univ Calif Davis, Interdisciplinary Ctr Plasma Mass Spectrometry, 2119 Earth & Phys Sci Bldg, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Carleton, Scott A.] New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88011 USA. [Gerrity, Paul C.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, 260 Buena Vista Dr, Lander, WY 82520 USA. RP Willmes, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mwillmes@ucdavis.edu NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1852 EP 1860 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0103 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC4QO UT WOS:000388118700015 ER PT J AU Neuswanger, JR Wipfli, MS Rosenberger, AE Hughes, NF AF Neuswanger, Jason R. Wipfli, Mark S. Rosenberger, Amanda E. Hughes, Nicholas F. TI Measuring fish and their physical habitats: versatile 2D and 3D video techniques with user-friendly software SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; COD GADUS-MORHUA; STEREO-VIDEO; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; SWIMMING SPEED; PREY DETECTION; WATER; SYSTEM; MOVEMENTS; STEELHEAD AB Applications of video in fisheries research range from simple biodiversity surveys to three-dimensional (3D) measurement of complex swimming, schooling, feeding, and territorial behaviors. However, researchers lack a transparently developed, easy-to-use, general purpose tool for 3D video measurement and event logging. Thus, we developed a new measurement system, with freely available, user-friendly software, easily obtained hardware, and flexible underlying mathematical methods capable of high precision and accuracy. The software, VidSync, allows users to efficiently record, organize, and navigate complex 2D or 3D measurements of fish and their physical habitats. Laboratory tests showed submillimetre accuracy in length measurements of 50.8 mm targets at close range, with increasing errors (mostly <1%) at longer range and for longer targets. A field test on juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) feeding behavior in Alaska streams found that individuals within aggregations avoided the immediate proximity of their competitors, out to a distance of 1.0 to 2.9 body lengths. This system makes 3D video measurement a practical tool for laboratory and field studies of aquatic or terrestrial animal behavior and ecology. C1 [Neuswanger, Jason R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rosenberger, Amanda E.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Hughes, Nicholas F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Neuswanger, Jason R.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Neuswanger, JR (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Neuswanger, JR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jason@troutnut.com FU Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative; Institute of Arctic Biology, Alaska EPSCoR NSF [OIA-1208927]; state of Alaska; Department of Biology and College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics at the University of Alaska Fairbanks FX This work was supported by the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative, the Institute of Arctic Biology, Alaska EPSCoR NSF award No. OIA-1208927, the state of Alaska, and the Department of Biology and College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Lon Kelly contributed to the early development of the mathematical methods underlying VidSync. Megan Perry, Aurelian Vivancos, Darren Whitehead, and Erik Schoen tested early prototypes of VidSync and provided valuable feedback. David Neuswanger, Milo Adkison, and two anonymous reviewers helpfully critiqued the manuscript. Fish work was conducted under IACUC protocols No. 134754-1 and No. 175627-1. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1861 EP 1873 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0010 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC4QO UT WOS:000388118700016 ER PT J AU Bateman, DS Sloat, MR Gresswell, RE Berger, AM Hockman-Wert, DP Leer, DW Skaugset, AE AF Bateman, Douglas S. Sloat, Matthew R. Gresswell, Robert E. Berger, Aaron M. Hockman-Wert, David P. Leer, David W. Skaugset, Arne E. TI Effects of stream-adjacent logging in fishless headwaters on downstream coastal cutthroat trout SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT ASSESSMENT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CARNATION CREEK; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; MARKED ANIMALS; SURVIVAL; HABITAT; FORESTS; RATES AB To investigate effects of headwater logging on downstream coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) populations, we monitored stream habitat and biotic indicators including biomass, abundance, growth, movement, and survival over 8 years using a paired-watershed approach. Reference and logged catchments were located on private industrial forestland on similar to 60-year harvest rotation. Five clearcuts (14% of the logged catchment area) were adjacent to fishless portions of the headwater streams, and contemporary regulations did not require riparian forest buffers in the treatment catchment. Logging did not have significant negative effects on downstream coastal cutthroat trout populations for the duration of the sample period. Indeed, the only statistically significant response of fish populations following logging in fishless headwaters was an increase in late-summer biomass (g.m(-2)) of age-1+ coastal cutthroat trout in tributaries. Ultimately, the ability to make broad generalizations concerning effects of timber harvest is difficult because response to disturbance (anthropogenically influenced or not) in aquatic systems is complex and context-dependent, but our findings provide one example of environmentally compatible commercial logging in a regenerated forest setting. C1 [Bateman, Douglas S.; Sloat, Matthew R.; Leer, David W.; Skaugset, Arne E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Coll Forestry, 208 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gresswell, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Berger, Aaron M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Coll Agr Sci, 110 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hockman-Wert, David P.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sloat, MR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Coll Forestry, 208 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM matthew.sloat@oregonstate.edu FU Watershed Research Cooperative; US Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Roseburg Forest Products; Douglas County (Oregon) Commission FX We thank J. Dunham, A. Simmons, A. Muldoon, and more than 30 seasonal research technicians for their valuable field assistance. Funding was provided by the Watershed Research Cooperative; US Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Roseburg Forest Products; and the Douglas County (Oregon) Commission. Fish collections were authorized by Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife taking permits (OR2001-127, OR2002-041, OR2003-814, OR2004-1579, OR2005-2198, OR2006-2923, OR2007-3578, and OR2008-4371) and by Oregon State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUP 2552, ACUP 3048, and ACUP 3504). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1898 EP 1913 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0455 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC4QO UT WOS:000388118700019 ER PT J AU Dammerman, KJ Steibel, JP Scribner, KT AF Dammerman, Kari J. Steibel, Juan P. Scribner, Kim T. TI Increases in the mean and variability of thermal regimes result in differential phenotypic responses among genotypes during early ontogenetic stages of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ectotherms; environmental change; genotype-by-environment interaction; lake sturgeon; phenotypic variation; temperature ID CRYPTIC GENETIC-VARIATION; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; 3 DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; YOLK-SAC LARVAE; LIFE-HISTORY; ATLANTIC SALMON; ECTOTHERMS; PLASTICITY; STRESS AB Climate change is affecting thermal conditions worldwide. Understanding organismal responses associated with predicted changes are essential for predicting population persistence. Few studies have examined the effects of both increased mean and variance in temperature on organismal traits, particularly during early life stages. Using lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) from Black Lake, MI, we tested whether phenotypic variation differed among families reared in two constant (10 and 18 degrees C) and two fluctuating-temperature treatments (10-19 degrees C) representing temperatures experienced in the river and a simulated anthropogenic disturbance. Body length, body area, and yolk-sac area were quantified at hatch. Family-by-treatment interactions explained up to 50% of the variance observed among families in offspring hatch traits. Families incubated in 18 degrees C and the fluctuating anthropogenic treatment had 6-10 times higher variance in traits than those incubated at 10 degrees C. Hatched larvae were placed in raceways with ambient river water. Emergence body length, emergence timing, and growth were quantified upon emergence. Families differed in time to emergence and growth with the greatest range observed in the 18 degrees C treatment. Results demonstrate that differential responses among genotypes to changes in the mean and variability of thermal incubation regimes can affect traits at hatch as well as a subsequent ontogenetic stage. C1 [Dammerman, Kari J.; Scribner, Kim T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Dammerman, Kari J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. [Steibel, Juan P.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Steibel, Juan P.; Scribner, Kim T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Scribner, Kim T.] Michigan State Univ, Ecol Evolutionary Biol & Behav Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Dammerman, KJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. EM kari_dammerman@fws.gov FU Michigan Department of Natural Resources; International Association for Great Lakes Research; Great Lakes Fishery Trust; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for this study was provided by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, The International Association for Great Lakes Research, The Great Lakes Fishery Trust, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Research was conducted under animal use and care procedure number (03/14-042-00) from the Michigan State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. We thank John Bauman, Nathan Barton, Jim Holser, Annie VanSickle, and James Garavaglia for assistance in construction of the experiment and collection of data. We also thank the Scribner Lab members, Janette Boughman, Gary Mittelbach, Edward Baker, two Associate Editors, and four anonymous reviewers for reviewing and significantly improving the manuscript. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 9 IS 10 BP 1258 EP 1270 DI 10.1111/eva.12409 PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA EC0BX UT WOS:000387763700005 PM 27877204 ER PT J AU Macholdt, DS Jochum, KP Wilson, SA Otter, LM Stoll, B Weis, U Andreae, MO AF Macholdt, Dorothea S. Jochum, Klaus Peter Wilson, Stephen A. Otter, Laura M. Stoll, Brigitte Weis, Ulrike Andreae, Meinrat O. TI Suitability of Mn- and Fe-Rich Reference Materials for Microanalytical Research SO GEOSTANDARDS AND GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; microanalysis; reference materials; rock varnish; manganese rich; homogeneity; measurement accuracy ID LA-ICP-MS; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ROCK-VARNISH; SAMPLES; ELEMENTS AB Manganese- and iron-rich materials are of major geoscientific and economic interest, many of which contain microscopic features that provide valuable information. To obtain accurate results, a homogeneous microanalytical reference material for calibration is needed. Several researchers have used the Mn-and Fe-rich RMs, JMn-1, NOD-A-1, NOD-P-1 and FeMn-1, for this purpose; therefore, they were tested in this study to determine their suitability for microanalysis. Their homogeneity was investigated by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) with two different types of lasers (nano-and femtosecond), with spot and line scan analyses and with different operating parameters, such as spot size, pulse repetition rate and fluence. As the established manganese nodule RMs revealed inhomogeneities for picogram to microgram test portions, we also investigated the new synthetic Fe- and Mn-rich RM, FeMnOx-1. FeMnOx-1 was found to be homogeneous for large (empyt set 40 mu m: 2% RSD repeatability) and small (empyt set 8-10 mu m: 10% RSD repeatability) spot sizes. This homogeneity is in the range of the homogeneous NIST SRM 610 and GSE-1G reference glasses. Furthermore, FeMnOx-1 revealed a large-scale homogeneity within uncertainties of a few per cent, using test portions in the ng range, when measuring four individual mounts of this material. C1 [Macholdt, Dorothea S.; Jochum, Klaus Peter; Otter, Laura M.; Stoll, Brigitte; Weis, Ulrike; Andreae, Meinrat O.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, Mainz, Germany. [Macholdt, Dorothea S.; Jochum, Klaus Peter; Otter, Laura M.; Stoll, Brigitte; Weis, Ulrike; Andreae, Meinrat O.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Climate Geochem Dept, Mainz, Germany. [Wilson, Stephen A.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Andreae, Meinrat O.] King Saud Univ, Dept Geosci, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RP Macholdt, DS (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, Mainz, Germany.; Macholdt, DS (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Climate Geochem Dept, Mainz, Germany. EM d.macholdt@mpic.de RI Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008 OI Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925 FU Max Planck Graduate Centre with the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (MPGC); Max Planck Society FX This work was supported by the Max Planck Graduate Centre with the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (MPGC) and the Max Planck Society. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1639-4488 EI 1751-908X J9 GEOSTAND GEOANAL RES JI Geostand. Geoanal. Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 40 IS 4 BP 493 EP 504 DI 10.1111/ggr.12119 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EC9MW UT WOS:000388469700004 ER PT J AU van Zuilen, K Nagler, TF Bullen, TD AF van Zuilen, Kirsten Nagler, Thomas F. Bullen, Thomas D. TI Barium Isotopic Compositions of Geological Reference Materials SO GEOSTANDARDS AND GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE barium; Ba isotopic composition; isotope double spike; MC-ICP-MS; TIMS; geological reference materials ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; DOUBLE-SPIKE; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ICP-MS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; CORAL JCP-1; DEEP-SEA; FRACTIONATION; CARBONATE; SEDIMENT AB The interest in variations of barium (Ba) stable isotope amount ratios in low and high temperature environments has increased over the past several years. Characterisation of Ba isotope ratios of widely available reference materials is now required to validate analytical procedures and to allow comparison of data obtained by different laboratories. We present new Ba isotope amount ratio data for twelve geological reference materials with silicate (AGV-1, G-2, BHVO-1, QLO-1, BIR-1, JG-1a, JB-1a, JR-1 and JA-1), carbonate (IAEA-CO-9) and sulfate matrices (IAEA-SO-5 and IAEA-SO-6) relative to NIST SRM 3104a. In addition, two artificially fractionated in-house reference materials BaBe12 and BaBe27 (delta Ba-137/134 = -1.161 +/- 0.049 parts per thousand and -0.616 +/- 0.050 parts per thousand, respectively) are used as quality control solutions for the negative delta-range. Accuracy of our data was assessed by interlaboratory comparison between the University of Bern and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Data were measured by MC-ICP-MS (Bern) and TIMS (USGS) using two different double spikes for mass bias correction (Ba-130-Ba-135 and Ba-132-Ba-136, respectively). MC-ICP-MS measurements were further tested for isobaric and non-spectral matrix effects by a number of common matrix elements. The results are in excellent agreement and suggest data accuracy. C1 [van Zuilen, Kirsten; Nagler, Thomas F.] Univ Bern, Inst Geol Sci, Baltzerstr 1 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, MS 420,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [van Zuilen, Kirsten] Inst Phys Globe Paris, 1 Rue Jussieu, F-75238 Paris 05, France. RP van Zuilen, K (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Geol Sci, Baltzerstr 1 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.; van Zuilen, K (reprint author), Inst Phys Globe Paris, 1 Rue Jussieu, F-75238 Paris 05, France. EM kirstenvanzuilen@gmail.com OI Nagler, Thomas/0000-0002-6919-0151 FU Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [200021_140223] FX Christophe Quetel and two anonymous reviewers are thanked for constructive comments that helped improving the clarity of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF Grant 200021_140223 to TFN). NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1639-4488 EI 1751-908X J9 GEOSTAND GEOANAL RES JI Geostand. Geoanal. Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 40 IS 4 BP 543 EP 558 DI 10.1111/ggr.12122 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EC9MW UT WOS:000388469700008 ER PT J AU Lewis, TL Schmutz, JA Amundson, CL Lindberg, MS AF Lewis, Tyler L. Schmutz, Joel A. Amundson, Courtney L. Lindberg, Mark S. TI Waterfowl populations are resilient to immediate and lagged impacts of wildfires in the boreal forest SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boreal forest; climate change; dabblers; disturbance; divers; fire management; resilience; waterfowl; Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey; wildfire ID FIRE; DISTRIBUTIONS; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; SEVERITY AB Wildfires are the principal disturbance in the boreal forest, and their size and frequency are increasing as the climate warms. Impacts of fires on boreal wildlife are largely unknown, especially for the tens of millions of waterfowl that breed in the region. This knowledge gap creates significant barriers to the integrative management of fires and waterfowl, leading to fire policies that largely disregard waterfowl. Waterfowl populations across the western boreal forest of North America have been monitored annually since 1955 by the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey (BPOP), widely considered the most extensive wildlife survey in the world. Using these data, we examined impacts of forest fires on abundance of two waterfowl guilds - dabblers and divers. We modelled waterfowl abundance in relation to fire extent (i.e. amount of survey transect burned) and time since fire, examining both immediate and lagged fire impacts. From 1955 to 2014, >1100 fires in the western boreal forest intersected BPOP survey transects, and many transects burned multiple times. Nonetheless, fires had no detectable impact on waterfowl abundance; annual transect counts of dabbler and diver pairs remained stable from the pre- to post-fire period. The absence of fire impacts on waterfowl abundance extended from the years immediately following the fire to those more than a decade afterwards. Likewise, the amount of transect burned did not influence waterfowl abundance, with similar pair counts from the pre- to post-fire period for small (1-20% burned), medium (21-60%) and large (>60%) burns.Policy implications. Waterfowl populations appear largely resilient to forest fires, providing initial evidence that current policies of limited fire suppression, which predominate throughout much of the boreal forest, have not been detrimental to waterfowl populations. Likewise, fire-related management actions, such as prescribed burning or targeted suppression, seem to have limited impacts on waterfowl abundance and productivity. For waterfowl managers, our results suggest that adaptive models of waterfowl harvest, which annually guide hunting quotas, do not need to emphasize fires when integrating climate change effects. Waterfowl populations appear largely resilient to forest fires, providing initial evidence that current policies of limited fire suppression, which predominate throughout much of the boreal forest, have not been detrimental to waterfowl populations. Likewise, fire-related management actions, such as prescribed burning or targeted suppression, seem to have limited impacts on waterfowl abundance and productivity. For waterfowl managers, our results suggest that adaptive models of waterfowl harvest, which annually guide hunting quotas, do not need to emphasize fires when integrating climate change effects. C1 [Lewis, Tyler L.; Schmutz, Joel A.; Amundson, Courtney L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Lewis, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM tlewis@usgs.gov FU Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding provided by Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey. R. Rau provided BPOP data. Use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1746 EP 1754 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12705 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EC0DT UT WOS:000387768800012 ER PT J AU Hough, SE Martin, SS Gahalaut, V Joshi, A Landes, M Bossu, R AF Hough, Susan E. Martin, Stacey S. Gahalaut, Vineet Joshi, Anand Landes, M. Bossu, R. TI A comparison of observed and predicted ground motions from the 2015 M(W)7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Gorkha; Nepal; Earthquake; Ground motions ID W 7.8 GORKHA; MACROSEISMIC DATA; WESTERN NEPAL; INTENSITY; INDIA; MAGNITUDE; EQUATIONS; THRUST; BASIN; AMPLIFICATION AB We use 21 strong motion recordings from Nepal and India for the 25 April 2015 moment magnitude (M-W) 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake together with the extensive macroseismic intensity data set presented by Martin et al. (Seism Res Lett 87:957-962, 2015) to analyse the distribution of ground motions at near-field and regional distances. We show that the data are consistent with the instrumental peak ground acceleration (PGA) versus macroseismic intensity relationship developed by Worden et al. (Bull Seism Soc Am 102:204-221, 2012), and use this relationship to estimate peak ground acceleration from intensities (PGA(EMS)). For nearest-fault distances (R-RUP < 200 km), PGA(EMS) is consistent with the Atkinson and Boore (Bull Seism Soc Am 93:1703-1729, 2003) subduction zone ground motion prediction equation (GMPE). At greater distances (R-RUP > 200 km), instrumental PGA values are consistent with this GMPE, while PGA(EMS) is systematically higher. We suggest the latter reflects a duration effect whereby effects of weak shaking are enhanced by long-duration and/or long-period ground motions from a large event at regional distances. We use PGA(EMS) values within 200 km to investigate the variability of high-frequency ground motions using the Atkinson and Boore (Bull Seism Soc Am 93:1703-1729, 2003) GMPE as a baseline. Across the near-field region, PGA(EMS) is higher by a factor of 2.0-2.5 towards the northern, down-dip edge of the rupture compared to the near-field region nearer to the southern, up-dip edge of the rupture. Inferred deamplification in the deepest part of the Kathmandu valley supports the conclusion that former lake-bed sediments experienced a pervasive nonlinear response during the mainshock (Dixit et al. in Seismol Res Lett 86(6):1533-1539, 2015; Rajaure et al. in Tectonophysics, 2016. Ground motions were significantly amplified in the southern Gangetic basin, but were relatively low in the northern basin. The overall distribution of ground motions and damage during the Gorkha earthquake thus reflects a combination of complex source, path, and site effects. We also present a macroseismic intensity data set and analysis of ground motions for the M(W)7.3 Dolakha aftershock on 12 May 2015, which we compare to the Gorkha mainshock and conclude was likely a high stress-drop event. C1 [Hough, Susan E.] USGS, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Martin, Stacey S.] Nanyang Technol Univ, EOS, 50 Nanyang Ave,N2-01a-14, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Gahalaut, Vineet] NCS, Minist Earth Sci, Lodhi Rd, Delhi 110003, India. [Joshi, Anand] IIT, Dept Earth Sci, Roorkee 247667, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Landes, M.; Bossu, R.] CEA, European Mediterranean Seism Ctr, Ctr DAM Ile France, F-91297 Arpajon, France. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), USGS, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov; 7point1@gmail.com; vkgahalaut@yahoo.com; anandfes@iitr.ernet.in; bossu@emsc-csem.org OI Martin, Stacey/0000-0003-4429-5835 FU Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA), a branch of the US Agency for International Development (USAID); Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centres of Excellence initiative FX We are thankful for helpful conversations with Pablo Ampuero, Domniki Asimaki, Aron Meltzner, and Sudhir Rajaure, to Eric Thompson for providing predicted PGA values for the BSSA14 GMPE, to Gail Atkinson for providing predicted PGA values for the Ghofrani and Atkinson (2014) GMPE, and to Christina Widiwijayanti for providing us a copy of Ohsumi et al. (2016). We are further grateful to Aron Meltzner and Bruce Worden for constructive reviews of an earlier version of this manuscript, and to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive reviews. SEH was supported by the Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA), a branch of the US Agency for International Development (USAID). SSM was supported by Kerry Sieh through the National Research Foundation Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centres of Excellence initiative. This work comprises Earth Observatory of Singapore contribution no. 116. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD DEC PY 2016 VL 84 IS 3 BP 1661 EP 1684 DI 10.1007/s11069-016-2505-8 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA EC5PJ UT WOS:000388187900009 ER PT J AU Barron, JM Twibell, RG Hill, HA Hanson, KC Gannam, AL AF Barron, James M. Twibell, Ronald G. Hill, Heidi A. Hanson, Kyle C. Gannam, Ann L. TI Development of diets for the intensive culture of Pacific lamprey SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pacific lamprey; ammocoete; larval; nutrition ID AMERICAN BROOK LAMPREY; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; LARVAL LAMPREYS; FATTY-ACIDS; FISH; WILD; LAKES; FOOD AB The Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus is an ancestral species of critical importance to the ecosystem and indigenous cultures in the Pacific Northwest. Conservation aquaculture has been proposed as a potential technique to restore Pacific lamprey populations. Intensive culture methods and diets for this species have not been developed. A sixteen week feeding trial tested the effects of seven diet treatments on the survival, growth, fatty acid profile and whole body lipid content of Pacific lamprey ammocoetes. Dietary treatments were: active dry yeast, yeast plus fish oil emulsion, micro-algae, micro-algae plus fish oil emulsion, yeast with micro-algae, yeast with microalgae plus fish oil emulsion and yeast with larval fish diet. Each diet was offered to five replicate tanks stocked with 20 ammocoetes that were 51 days post hatch. Survival during the trial was not affected by diet. The greatest length and weight increases were in fish fed diets containing yeast. Growth decreased as the amount of algae in the diet was increased. Lipid retention was significantly higher in fish fed yeast with larval fish diet relative to the other treatments. Feed conversion ratio was lowest in fish fed diets containing yeast. Whole body fatty acid profiles tended to reflect the fatty acid profile of the diet. Percentages of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were significantly higher in fish fed diets containing fish oil emulsion. Overall, yeast with larval fish diet provided the best growth performance in larval Pacific lamprey. C1 [Barron, James M.; Twibell, Ronald G.; Hill, Heidi A.; Hanson, Kyle C.; Gannam, Ann L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Barron, JM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM james_barron@fws.gov FU USFWS Pacific Region Fisheries Resources Program through the Fisheries Operational Needs System [13210-2013-148] FX We thank Matt Mesa, Helena Christiansen, US Geological Survey Columbia River Research Laboratory, for the lamprey ammocoetes; Nathan Hyde, Richard Glenn, Jeff Poole, Jim Lowell, Abernathy Fish Technology Center for assistance with the project; and Deputy Director Patty Crandell at Abernathy Fish Technology Center for her critical review of this work. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive reviews of the manuscript. The study was funded by the USFWS Pacific Region Fisheries Resources Program through the Fisheries Operational Needs System, project #13210-2013-148. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the Federal government. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 46 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1355-557X EI 1365-2109 J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 47 IS 12 BP 3899 EP 3906 DI 10.1111/are.12840 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EB8TD UT WOS:000387663000019 ER PT J AU Burns, DA Aherne, J Gay, DA Lehmann, CMB AF Burns, Douglas A. Aherne, Julian Gay, David A. Lehmann, Christopher M. B. TI Acid rain and its environmental effects: Recent scientific advances Preface SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEPOSITION; PRECIPITATION; POLLUTION; NITROGEN; AMMONIA C1 [Burns, Douglas A.] US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Aherne, Julian] Trent Univ, Sch Environm, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Gay, David A.] Univ Illinois, US Natl Atmospher Deposit Program, 2204 Griffith Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Lehmann, Christopher M. B.] Univ Illinois, US Natl Atmospher Deposit Program, Cent Analyt Lab, 2204 Griffith Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Burns, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM daburns@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 37 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 146 SI SI BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.10.019 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC3UG UT WOS:000388051700001 ER PT J AU Clow, DW Williams, MW Schuster, PF AF Clow, David W. Williams, Mark W. Schuster, Paul F. TI Increasing aeolian dust deposition to snowpacks in the Rocky Mountains inferred from snowpack, wet deposition, and aerosol chemistry SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Acid Rain Conference (Acid Rain) CY OCT, 2015 CL Rochester, NY DE Aeolian; Carbonate; Dust; Snow; Trends; Snowmelt ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; SAHARAN DUST; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; WIND EROSION; CLIMATE; COLORADO; DESERT; IMPACTS; REGIONS AB Mountain snowpacks are a vital natural resource for similar to 1.5 billion people in the northern Hemisphere, helping to meet human and ecological demand for water in excess of that provided by summer rain. Springtime warming and aeolian dust deposition accelerate snowmelt, increasing the risk of water shortages during late summer, when demand is greatest. While climate networks provide data that can be used to evaluate the effect of warming on snowpack resources, there are no established regional networks for monitoring aeolian dust deposition to snow. In this study, we test the hypothesis that chemistry of snow, wet deposition, and aerosols can be used as a surrogate for dust deposition to snow. We then analyze spatial patterns and temporal trends in inferred springtime dust deposition to snow across the Rocky Mountains, USA, for 1993-2014. Geochemical evidence, including strong correlations (r(2) >= 0.94) between Ca2+, alkalinity, and dust concentrations in snow deposited during dust events, indicate that carbonate minerals in dust impart a strong chemical signature that can be used to track dust deposition to snow. Spatial patterns in chemistry of snow, wet deposition, and aerosols indicate that dust deposition increases from north to south in the Rocky Mountains, and temporal trends indicate that winter/spring dust deposition increased by 81% in the southern Rockies during 1993-2014. Using a multivariate modeling approach, we determined that increases in dust deposition and decreases in springtime snowfall combined to accelerate snowmelt timing in the southern Rockies by approximately 7-18 days between 1993 and 2014. Previous studies have shown that aeolian dust emissions may have doubled globally during the 20th century, possibly due to drought and land-use change. Climate projections for increased aridity in the southwestern U.S., northern Africa, and other mid-latitude regions of the northern Hemisphere suggest that aeolian dust emissions may continue to increase, compounding the risk that climate warming poses to snowpack water resources in arid/semi-arid regions of the world. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Clow, David W.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Williams, Mark W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, UCB 360, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schuster, Paul F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Clow, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dwclow@usgs.gov OI Schuster, Paul/0000-0002-8314-1372; Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 146 SI SI BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.076 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC3UG UT WOS:000388051700017 ER PT J AU Sabo, RD Scanga, SE Lawrence, GB Nelson, DM Eshleman, KN Zabala, GA Alinea, AA Schirmer, CD AF Sabo, Robert D. Scanga, Sara E. Lawrence, Gregory B. Nelson, David M. Eshleman, Keith N. Zabala, Gabriel A. Alinea, Alexandria A. Schirmer, Charles D. TI Watershed-scale changes in terrestrial nitrogen cycling during a period of decreased atmospheric nitrate and sulfur deposition SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Acid Rain Conference (Acid Rain) CY OCT, 2015 CL Rochester, NY DE Terrestrial N cycling; Nitrate; Tree rings; Acid deposition; Temperate forest; Stable isotopes; Streams ID TEMPERATE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; SUGAR MAPLE; NEW-YORK; ADIRONDACK REGION; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; SOIL ACIDIFICATION AB Recent reports suggest that decreases in atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition throughout Europe and North America may have resulted in declining nitrate export in surface waters in recent decades, yet it is unknown if and how terrestrial N cycling was affected. During a period of decreased atmospheric N deposition, we assessed changes in forest N cycling by evaluating trends in tree-ring delta N-15 values (between 1980 and 2010; n = 20 trees per watershed), stream nitrate yields (between 2000 and 2011), and retention of atmospherically-deposited N (between 2000 and 2011) in the North and South Tributaries (North and South, respectively) of Buck Creek in the Adirondack Mountains, USA. We hypothesized that tree-ring delta N-15 values would decline following decreases in atmospheric N deposition (after approximately 1995), and that trends in stream nitrate export and retention of atmospherically deposited N would mirror changes in tree-ring delta N-15 values. Three of the six sampled tree species and the majority of individual trees showed declining linear trends in delta N-15 for the period 1980-2010; only two individual trees showed increasing trends in delta N-15 values. From 1980 to 2010, trees in the watersheds of both tributaries displayed long-term declines in tree-ring delta N-15 values at the watershed scale (R = -0.35 and p = 0.001 in the North and R = -037 and p <0.001 in the South). The decreasing delta N-15 trend in the North was associated with declining stream nitrate concentrations (-0.009 mg N L-1 yr(-1), p = 0.02), but no change in the retention of atmospherically deposited N was observed. In contrast, nitrate yields in the South did not exhibit a trend, and the watershed became less retentive of atmospherically deposited N (-7.3% yr(-1), p < 0.001). Our delta N-15 results indicate a change in terrestrial N availability in both watersheds prior to decreases in atmospheric N deposition, suggesting that decreased atmospheric N deposition was not the sole driver of tree-ring delta N-15 values at these sites. Other factors, such as decreased sulfur deposition, disturbance, long-term successional trends, and/or increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, may also influence trends in tree-ring delta N-15 values. Furthermore, declines in terrestrial N availability inferred from tree-ring delta N-15 values do not always correspond with decreased stream nitrate export or increased retention of atmospherically deposited N. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sabo, Robert D.; Nelson, David M.; Eshleman, Keith N.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, 301 Braddock Rd, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Scanga, Sara E.; Zabala, Gabriel A.; Alinea, Alexandria A.] Utica Coll, Dept Biol, 1600 Burrstone Rd, Utica, NY 13502 USA. [Lawrence, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Schirmer, Charles D.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Sabo, RD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, 301 Braddock Rd, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. EM rsabo@umces.edu RI Nelson, David/D-5596-2009; Eshleman, Keith/J-6531-2015 OI Nelson, David/0000-0003-2755-5535; NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 146 SI SI BP 271 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.08.055 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EC3UG UT WOS:000388051700026 ER PT J AU Salvano, C AF Salvano, Chris TI MAP ROOM SO CALIFORNIA HISTORY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Salvano, Chris] Calif State Univ Northridge, Geog Map Lib, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Salvano, Chris] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Salvano, C (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Geog Map Lib, Northridge, CA 91330 USA.; Salvano, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 678 MISSION ST, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94105-4014 USA SN 0162-2897 J9 CALIF HIST JI Calif. Hist. PD WIN PY 2016 VL 93 IS 4 BP 2 EP 3 PG 2 WC History SC History GA EC3ZY UT WOS:000388066800002 ER PT J AU Kronholm, SC Capel, PD Terziotti, S AF Kronholm, Scott C. Capel, Paul D. Terziotti, Silvia TI Statistically Extracted Fundamental Watershed Variables for Estimating the Loads of Total Nitrogen in Small Streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Fundamental variables; Random forest regression; Recursive partitioning; Nitrogen; National model ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; UNITED-STATES; NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS; SURFACE WATERS; LAND-USE; NUTRIENT; DELIVERY; SPARROW; IMPACT; MODEL AB Accurate estimation of total nitrogen loads is essential for evaluating conditions in the aquatic environment. Extrapolation of estimates beyond measured streams will greatly expand our understanding of total nitrogen loading to streams. Recursive partitioning and random forest regression were used to assess 85 geospatial, environmental, and watershed variables across 636 small (< 585 km(2)) watersheds to determine which variables are fundamentally important to the estimation of annual loads of total nitrogen. Initial analysis led to the splitting of watersheds into three groups based on predominant land use (agricultural, developed, and undeveloped). Nitrogen application, agricultural and developed land area, and impervious or developed land in the 100-m stream buffer were commonly extracted variables by both recursive partitioning and random forest regression. A series of multiple linear regression equations utilizing the extracted variables were created and applied to the watersheds. As few as three variables explained as much as 76 % of the variability in total nitrogen loads for watersheds with predominantly agricultural land use. Catchment-scale national maps were generated to visualize the total nitrogen loads and yields across the USA. The estimates provided by these models can inform water managers and help identify areas where more in-depth monitoring may be beneficial. C1 [Kronholm, Scott C.] Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Sci, 173 McNeal Hall,1985 Buford Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Capel, Paul D.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, 122 Civil Engn Bldg,500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Terziotti, Silvia] US Geol Survey, South Atlantic Water Sci Ctr, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Kronholm, SC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Sci, 173 McNeal Hall,1985 Buford Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kron0108@umn.edu; capel@usgs.gov; seterzio@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geologic Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program; University of Minnesota Water Resource Science program FX We would like to acknowledge the support of the U.S. Geologic Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program and the University of Minnesota Water Resource Science program. We would also like to thank the U.S. Geological Survey scientists that collected the data, calculated the loads, and developed the SPARROW models. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The data and other information from this work (referred to in the text as "Online Resource") can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7TX3CGB. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 EI 1573-2967 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 21 IS 6 BP 681 EP 690 DI 10.1007/s10666-016-9525-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB8UZ UT WOS:000387668000001 ER PT J AU Burns, DA Miller, MP Pellerin, BA Capel, PD AF Burns, Douglas A. Miller, Matthew P. Pellerin, Brian A. Capel, Paul D. TI Patterns of diel variation in nitrate concentrations in the Potomac River SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; nitrate; diel variation; Potomac River; Chesapeake Bay; in-stream loss ID WATER-QUALITY; NORTHEASTERN USA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; MASS-BALANCE; NO3-UPTAKE; STREAM; NITROGEN; DENITRIFICATION; TRANSPORT; RETENTION AB The Potomac River is a large source of N to Chesapeake Bay, where reducing nutrient loads is a focus of efforts to improve trophic status. Better understanding of NO3- loss, reflected in part by diel variation in NO3- concentrations, may refine model predictions of N loads to the Bay. We analyzed 2 y of high-frequency NO3- sensor data in the Potomac to quantify seasonal variation in the magnitude and timing of diel NO3- loss. Diel patterns were evident, especially during low flow, despite broad seasonal and flow-driven variation in NO3- concentrations. Diel variation was similar to 0.01 mg N/L in winter and 0.02 to 0.03 mg N/L in summer with intermediate values in spring and autumn, equivalent to <1% of the daily mean NO3- concentration in winter and similar to 2 to 4% in summer. Maximum diel NO3- values generally occurred in mid- to late morning, with more repeatable patterns in summer and wider variation in autumn and winter. Diel NO3- loss reduced loads by 0.7% in winter and 3% in summer. These losses were less than estimates of total in-stream NO3- load loss across the basin that averaged 33% of the annual groundwater contribution to the river. Water temperature and discharge had stronger relationships to the daily magnitude of diel NO3- variation than did photosynthetically active radiation. Estimated diel areal NO3- loss rates were generally >1000 mg N m(-2) d(-1), greater than most published values because measurements in this large river integrate over a greater depth/unit stream bottom area than do those from smaller rivers. These diel NO3- patterns are consistent with the influence of photoautotrophic uptake and related denitrification, but we cannot attribute these patterns to assimilation alone because the magnitude and timing of diel dynamics were affected to an unknown extent by processes, such as evapotranspiration, transient storage, and hydrodynamic dispersion. Improvements to diel loss estimates will require additional high-frequency measures, such as dissolved O-2, dissolved organic N, and NH4+, and deployment of 2 measurement stations. C1 [Burns, Douglas A.] US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Miller, Matthew P.] US Geol Survey, 2329 West Orton Circle, West Valley City, UT 84119 USA. [Pellerin, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Room 5A116,MS 412, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Capel, Paul D.] US Geol Survey, 122 Civil Engn Bldg,500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Burns, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM daburns@usgs.gov; mamiller@usgs.gov; bpeller@usgs.gov; capel@usgs.gov OI Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2537-1823 FU US Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program FX Funding for this work was provided by the US Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Use of brand names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Geological Survey. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1117 EP 1132 DI 10.1086/688777 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC4FC UT WOS:000388080700006 ER PT J AU Alexander, JD Bartholomew, JL Wright, KA Som, NA Hetrick, NJ AF Alexander, Julie D. Bartholomew, Jerri L. Wright, Katrina A. Som, Nicholas A. Hetrick, Nicholas J. TI Integrating models to predict distribution of the invertebrate host of myxosporean parasites SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Manayunkia speciosa; salmonid disease; enteronecrosis; Ceratonova shasta; Parvicapsula minibicornis; two-dimensional hydraulic model; niche ID FRESH-WATER POLYCHAETE; KLAMATH RIVER-BASIN; CERATOMYXA-SHASTA; MANAYUNKIA-SPECIOSA; PARVICAPSULA-MINIBICORNIS; OREGON-CALIFORNIA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Manayunkia speciosa, a freshwater polychaete, is the invertebrate host of myxosporean parasites that negatively affect salmonid populations in the Pacific Northwest of the USA. Factors that drive the distribution of M. speciosa are not well understood, which constrains our understanding of disease dynamics and the development of management solutions. We described the distribution of M. speciosa at 3 sites on the Klamath River, California, based on 2-dimensional hydraulic models (2DHMs) and a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). 2DHMs were built to explain hydraulic variation at each site and used to stratify biological sampling effort along depth-velocity gradients and by substrate class. We assessed the presence/absence of M. speciosa at 362 georeferenced locations in July 2012 and built GLMMs to describe relationships between hydraulic and substrate variables and the distribution of M. speciosa. The best-fitting GLMMs demonstrated that M. speciosa distributions were associated with depth-velocity conditions and substrate size during base discharge (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.88) and at peak discharge (AUC = 0.86). We evaluated the GLMMs with an independent data set collected in July 2013 (n = 280) and found that the top models predicted the distribution of M. speciosa with a high degree of accuracy (AUC = 0.90). These results support the conclusion that the summer distribution of M. speciosa is related to observed hydraulic and substrate conditions during base discharge (summer) and modeled hydraulic and substrate conditions during peak discharge (late winter to early spring). These results may have implications for the use of flow manipulation as a disease management tool. These results also illustrate the importance of examining species distribution data in the context of temporally disconnected environmental factors and demonstrate how models can fulfill this need. C1 [Alexander, Julie D.; Bartholomew, Jerri L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 226 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97337 USA. [Wright, Katrina A.; Som, Nicholas A.; Hetrick, Nicholas J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Som, Nicholas A.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Som, Nicholas A.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Math, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Alexander, JD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 226 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97337 USA. EM alexanju@science.oregonstate.edu; bartholj@science.oregonstate.edu; katrina_wright@fws.gov; nicholas_som@fws.gov; nick_hetrick@fws.gov FU Bureau of Reclamation [R15PG00065]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [8006.2013.041149/2010-0501-005] FX We thank the following persons for hydraulic model development: D. H. Goodman, T. B. Hardy; field assistance: M. Jordan, M. Jakaitis, R. Craig, E. Nebergall, R. Ray, M. Magneson, L. Knutson, S. Rizza, J. Green, N. Van Vleet, E. Chen, P. Colombano, A. Goodman, S. Gough, S. Burstein, K. Smith; laboratory assistance: M. Jordan, C. Fisher, J. Graen, T. Wilson. We thank the editors and 2 anonymous referees for their time and constructive comments, which helped us to improve the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Bureau of Reclamation through cooperative agreement R15PG00065, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation 8006.2013.041149/2010-0501-005. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1263 EP 1275 DI 10.1086/688342 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC4FC UT WOS:000388080700017 ER PT J AU Smit, R Kaeser, A AF Smit, Reuben Kaeser, Adam TI Defining freshwater mussel mesohabitat associations in an alluvial, Coastal Plain river SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussel habitat; mesohabitat; side scan sonar; Apalachicola River ID SIDE-SCAN SONAR; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; SPECIES RICHNESS; UNIONID MUSSELS; HABITAT; STREAM; ABUNDANCE; CHANNEL; NORTH; VARIABLES AB Defining freshwater mussel habitat in large, turbid rivers is challenging but essential to effective conservation. Hydraulic investigations have confirmed that mussels persist in discrete flow refugia, areas where riverbed sediment is stable during high-discharge events. However, approaches to identify these patches often involve detailed field measurements or mathematical models that may limit their applications across wide spatial extents. We used low-cost, sonar habitat mapping to delineate a mesohabitat classification scheme based primarily upon variations in substrate bedforms and position within the river channel. Bedforms in sand-bed rivers function as indicators of turbulent flow and hydraulic conditions at the sediment-water interface. We used the resulting map to conduct a stratified mussel survey to assess mussel-habitat associations at multiple scales. In addition, we assessed habitat persistence by remapping a portion of the study area following flood-level discharge events and conducting a time-lapse, change-detection analysis. We found strong relationships between freshwater mussel occurrence and mesohabitat type and between mussel abundance and variables such as distance to low-flow bank, distance to unstable habitat, and distance from the river mouth. Mussels were found throughout recirculation-zone mesohabitats, areas of the channel traditionally recognized as flow refugia, but also were found unexpectedly throughout pool/outer bend mesohabitats. The sonar mapping approach identified 2x as many patches and 10x the quantity of recirculation-zone habitat in the study area than previously identified using traditional approaches. Mesohabitat boundaries changed little after flood events, further explaining the widespread occurrence of mussels throughout habitats characterized simply by their smooth/plane bedform appearance in sonar imagery. The mesoscale approach demonstrated in our study is a strategy for investigating freshwater mussels and other aquatic organisms in large, turbid rivers. C1 [Smit, Reuben] Auburn Univ, Sch Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kaeser, Adam] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. RP Smit, R (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM reuben.smit@spokanetribe.com; adam_kaeser@fws.gov NR 83 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1276 EP 1290 DI 10.1086/688928 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EC4FC UT WOS:000388080700018 ER PT J AU Vatovec, C Phillips, P Van Wagoner, E Scott, TM Furlong, E AF Vatovec, Christine Phillips, Patrick Van Wagoner, Emily Scott, Tia-Marie Furlong, Edward TI Investigating dynamic sources of pharmaceuticals: Demographic and seasonal use are more important than down-the-drain disposal in wastewater effluent in a University City setting SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Demographic shift; Pharmaceuticals in wastewater; University community; Interdisciplinary research; Mixed-methods ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; HEALTH-RISK ASSESSMENT; ILLICIT DRUGS; ENVIRONMENT; OSELTAMIVIR; MEDICATIONS; CHALLENGES; SEWAGE; PPCPS AB Pharmaceutical pollution in surface waters poses risks to human and ecosystem health. Wastewater treatment facilities are primary sources of pharmaceutical pollutants, but little is known about the factors that affect drugs entering the wastewater stream. This paper investigates the effects of student pharmaceutical use and disposal behaviors and an annual demographic shift on pharmaceutical pollution in a university town. We sampled wastewater effluent during a ten-day annual spring student move-out period at the University of Vermont. We then interpreted these data in light of survey results that investigated pharmaceutical purchasing, use, and disposal practices among the university student population. Surveys indicated that the majority of student respondents purchased pharmaceuticals in the previous year. Many students reported having leftover drugs, though only a small portion disposed of them, mainly in the trash. We detected 51 pharmaceuticals in 80% or more of the wastewater effluent samples collected over the ten-day sampling period. Several increased in concentration after students left the area. Concentrations of caffeine and nicotine decreased weakly. Drug disposal among this university student population does not appear to be a major source of pharmaceuticals in wastewater. Increases in pharmaceutical concentration after the students left campus can be tied to an increase in the seasonal use of allergy medications directly related to pollen, as well as a demographic shift to a year-round older population, which supports national data that older people use larger volumes and different types of pharmaceuticals than the younger student population. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vatovec, Christine] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT USA. [Phillips, Patrick; Scott, Tia-Marie] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY USA. [Van Wagoner, Emily] Univ Vermont, Environm Program, Burlington, VT USA. [Furlong, Edward] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Vatovec, C (reprint author), Univ Vermont, 303C Aiken Ctr,81 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05446 USA. EM cvatovec@uvm.edu FU Lintilhac Foundation; University of Vermont Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources; Office of Health Promotion Research; College of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Family Medicine, and Department of Surgery FX The authors thank Kyle Arndt and Dan Edwards for their assistance with wastewater effluent sample collection, and Alan Howard for assistance with statistical analyses. The Lintilhac Foundation generously provided funding support for this research. This study was also supported in part by the University of Vermont Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, the Office of Health Promotion Research, the College of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Family Medicine, and Department of Surgery. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 572 BP 906 EP 914 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.199 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EC0RA UT WOS:000387807200084 PM 27581107 ER PT J AU Madison, M AF Madison, Mark TI Grizzly West: A Failed Attempt to Reintroduce Grizzly Bears in the Mountain West SO WESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Madison, Mark] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. RP Madison, M (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0043-3810 EI 1939-8603 J9 WESTERN HIST QUART JI West. Hist. Q. PD WIN PY 2016 VL 47 IS 4 BP 481 EP 482 PG 3 WC History SC History GA EC4DO UT WOS:000388076400011 ER PT J AU Kinziger, AP Hellmair, M Fong, SR Goodman, DH Kelsey, H AF Kinziger, Andrew P. Hellmair, Michael Fong, Steven R. Goodman, Damon H. Kelsey, Harvey TI Evolution of rough sculpin (Cottus asperrimus) genetic divergence and late Quaternary displacement on the Hat Creek fault, California, USA SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Phylogeography; Hat Creek fault; genetic structure; Threatened species; Rough sculpin; Cottus asperrimus ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; AMERICAN FRESH-WATER; PIT RIVER DRAINAGE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; DIVERSIFICATION; CONSERVATION; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AB The rough sculpin (Cottus asperrimus) is a threatened species whose geographic range in northwestern California, USA is disrupted by Hat Creek fault. We tested whether the fluvial barriers (rapids and waterfalls) produced by this fault have generated significant phylogeographic structure among rough sculpin populations by analyzing variation in microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA. Rough sculpin isolated on either side of Hat Creek fault exhibited significant genetic divergence (microsatellite F (ST) = 0.36; mitochondrial uncorrected p distance = 1 %). Independently derived estimates for the date of divergence, based upon a molecular clock and upon the age of slip on the Hat Creek fault are concordant and indicate divergence was initiated about 0.5-1 million years ago. Based upon the findings of our genetic analysis and the Pleistocene geologic history of midsections of the Pit River, we present a model of evolution of rough sculpin genetic divergence and late Quaternary displacement on Hat Creek fault. Our findings reveal that rough sculpin exhibit significant population structure and that two management units should be recognized within the species for future conservation planning. C1 [Kinziger, Andrew P.; Fong, Steven R.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, One Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Hellmair, Michael] Landesfischereizentrum Vorarlberg, Auhafendamm 1, A-6971 Hard, Austria. [Goodman, Damon H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Kelsey, Harvey] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, One Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Kinziger, AP (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, One Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM Andrew.Kinziger@humboldt.edu NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1257 EP 1267 DI 10.1007/s10592-016-0859-9 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA EB2WB UT WOS:000387222200003 ER PT J AU Doyle, JM Katzner, TE Roemer, GW Cain, JW Millsap, BA McIntyre, CL Sonsthagen, SA Fernandez, NB Wheeler, M Bulut, Z Bloom, PH DeWoody, JA AF Doyle, Jacqueline M. Katzner, Todd E. Roemer, Gary W. Cain, James W., III Millsap, Brian A. McIntyre, Carol L. Sonsthagen, Sarah A. Fernandez, Nadia B. Wheeler, Maria Bulut, Zafer Bloom, Peter H. DeWoody, J. Andrew TI Genetic structure and viability selection in the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), a vagile raptor with a Holarctic distribution SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Allelic diversity; Effective population size; Repeatability; Fluidigm; Heterozygosity fitness correlation; Genetic mating system; Genetic monogamy ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; CONSERVATION UNITS; INTERIOR ALASKA; GENOME SEQUENCE; NORTH-AMERICA; SNP DISCOVERY; HETEROZYGOSITY; DIVERSITY AB Molecular markers can reveal interesting aspects of organismal ecology and evolution, especially when surveyed in rare or elusive species. Herein, we provide a preliminary assessment of golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) population structure in North America using novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These SNPs included one molecular sexing marker, two mitochondrial markers, 85 putatively neutral markers that were derived from noncoding regions within large intergenic intervals, and 74 putatively nonneutral markers found in or very near protein-coding genes. We genotyped 523 eagle samples at these 162 SNPs and quantified genotyping error rates and variability at each marker. Our samples corresponded to 344 individual golden eagles as assessed by unique multilocus genotypes. Observed heterozygosity of known adults was significantly higher than of chicks, as was the number of heterozygous loci, indicating that mean zygosity measured across all 159 autosomal markers was an indicator of fitness as it is associated with eagle survival to adulthood. Finally, we used chick samples of known provenance to test for population differentiation across portions of North America and found pronounced structure among geographic sampling sites. These data indicate that cryptic genetic population structure is likely widespread in the golden eagle gene pool, and that extensive field sampling and genotyping will be required to more clearly delineate management units within North America and elsewhere. C1 [Doyle, Jacqueline M.; Fernandez, Nadia B.; DeWoody, J. Andrew] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Doyle, Jacqueline M.] Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Katzner, Todd E.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Roemer, Gary W.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Cain, James W., III] New Mexico State Univ, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, US Geol Survey, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Millsap, Brian A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 2105 Osuna NE, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. [McIntyre, Carol L.] Natl Pk Serv, 4175 Geist Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Wheeler, Maria] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. [Bulut, Zafer] Selcuk Univ, Dept Biochem, TR-42031 Konya, Turkey. [Bloom, Peter H.] Bloom Biol Inc, 13611 Hewes Ave, Santa Ana, CA 92705 USA. [DeWoody, J. Andrew] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Doyle, JM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.; Doyle, JM (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM jdoyle@towson.edu OI Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Bureau of Land Management [L12AC20102, L11PX02237, L12AC2010]; California Department of Fish and Wildlife [P1182024]; Provost's Office at Purdue University (University Faculty Scholar program) FX The authors thank A. Capparella, J. Cooper, D. Driscoll, J. Fallon, D. Kramar, M. Kuishn, M. Lanzone, T. Miller, R. Murphy, K. O'Malley, J. Papp, K. Rogers, S. Slater, D. Stafford, D. Stahlecker, S. Thomas, L. Tran, S. Van Arsdae, and D. Wilst for their assistance collecting golden eagle samples. Special thanks to J. Willoughby for assistance generating Fig. 1, M. Sundaram for assistance with statistics, and to DeWoody lab members for comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The Nature Conservancy provided permission to use their lands. This work was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (award numbers L12AC20102, L11PX02237, and L12AC2010), the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Agreement #P1182024), and the Provost's Office at Purdue University (University Faculty Scholar program). Eagle tissue and feather samples were collected under appropriate scientific collecting permits. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 90 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 18 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1307 EP 1322 DI 10.1007/s10592-016-0863-0 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA EB2WB UT WOS:000387222200007 ER PT J AU Olsen, JB Kinziger, AP Wenburg, JK Lewis, CJ Phillips, CT Ostrand, KG AF Olsen, Jeffrey B. Kinziger, Andrew P. Wenburg, John K. Lewis, Cara J. Phillips, Catherine T. Ostrand, Kenneth G. TI Genetic diversity and divergence in the fountain darter (Etheostoma fonticola): implications for conservation of an endangered species SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Fountain darter; Genetic diversity; Endangered species; Reintroduction; Effective founder number ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; LOW-HEAD DAM; RE-IMPLEMENTATION; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT; RIVER; SOFTWARE; TESTS; FISH; MACROINVERTEBRATES AB The endangered fountain darter Etheostoma fonticola is found only in the Comal and San Marcos rivers in the Guadalupe River basin in central Texas, USA. Comal River fountain darters were believed to be extirpated following a severe drought in the 1950s and were reintroduced in the early 1970s using 457 darters from the San Marcos River. In this study we used 23 microsatellite loci to describe and evaluate the genetic diversity, population structure and effective population size (N (e)) of fountain darters. We also evaluated the genetic effect of the Comal River reintroduction and the influence of low-head dams (dams) on dispersal in both rivers. Bayesian analysis of individual genotypes and Analysis of Molecular Variation supported two distinct populations concordant with the two rivers. Estimates of N (e) were much smaller (< 10 %) than census size (N (c)) in both rivers but did not indicate the populations are at risk of an immediate and rapid loss of genetic diversity. Coalescent-based estimates of the genetically effective number of founders (Nf) for the Comal River averaged about 49 darters and, together with the indices of genetic diversity and the bottleneck test (heterozygosity excess) results, were consistent with a founder event following the reintroduction in the Comal River. Finally, our results regarding the influence of dams on fountain darter dispersal were equivocal and did not support a conclusion. We recommend this issue be examined further as part of the fountain darter recovery program. C1 [Olsen, Jeffrey B.; Wenburg, John K.; Lewis, Cara J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, MS331, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Kinziger, Andrew P.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, One Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Phillips, Catherine T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. [Ostrand, Kenneth G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Aquat Resources Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Olsen, JB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, MS331, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jeffrey_olsen@fws.gov FU Edwards Aquifer Recovery Implementation Program FX This project was partially funded by the Edwards Aquifer Recovery Implementation Program. Additional thanks to anonymous for valuable suggestions regarding the composition of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1393 EP 1404 DI 10.1007/s10592-016-0869-7 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA EB2WB UT WOS:000387222200013 ER PT J AU Jules, ES Jackson, JI van Mantgem, PJ Beck, JS Murray, MP Sahara, EA AF Jules, Erik S. Jackson, Jenell I. van Mantgem, Phillip J. Beck, Jennifer S. Murray, Michael P. Sahara, E. April TI The relative contributions of disease and insects in the decline of a long-lived tree: a stochastic demographic model of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cronartium ribicola; Dendroctonus ponderosae; Life-table response experiment; Matrix population model; Mountain pine beetle; Pinus albicaulis; Population viability analysis; Stochastic population model; White pine blister rust; Whitebark pine ID INTEGRAL PROJECTION MODELS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BLISTER RUST; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BEETLE; FORESTS; CONSEQUENCES; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS AB Pathogens and insect pests have become increasingly important drivers of tree mortality in forested ecosystems. Unfortunately, understanding the relative contributions of multiple mortality agents to the population decline of trees is difficult, because it requires frequent measures of tree survival, growth, and recruitment, as well as the incidence of mortality agents. We present a population model of white bark pine (Pinus albicaulis), a high-elevation tree undergoing rapid decline in western North America. The loss of whitebark pine is thought to be primarily due to an invasive pathogen (white pine blister rust; Cronartium ribicola) and a native insect (mountain pine beetle; Dendroctonus ponderosae). We utilized seven plots in Crater Lake National Park (Oregon, USA) where 1220 trees were surveyed for health and the presence of blister rust and beetle activity annually from 2003-2014, except 2008. We constructed size-based projection matrices for nine years and calculated the deterministic growth rate (lambda) using an average matrix and the stochastic growth rate (As) by simulation for whitebark pine in our study population. We then assessed the roles of blister rust and beetles by calculating lambda and lambda(s) using matrices in which we removed trees with blister rust and, separately, trees with beetles. We also conducted life table response experiments (LTRE) to determine which demographic changes contributed most to differences in lambda between ambient conditions and the two other scenarios. The model suggests that whitebark pine in our plots are currently declining 1.1% per year (lambda = 0.9888, lambda(s) = 0.9899). Removing blister rust from the models resulted in almost no increase in growth (lambda = 0.9916, lambda(s) = 0.9930), while removing beetles resulted in a larger increase in growth (lambda = 1.0028, lambda(s) = 1.0045). The LTRE demonstrated that reductions in stasis of the three largest size classes due to beetles contributed most to the smaller lambda in the ambient condition. Our work demonstrates a method for assessing the relative effects of different mortality agents on declining tree populations, and it shows that the effects of insects and pathogens can be markedly different from one another. In our study, beetle activity significantly reduced tree population growth while a pathogen had minimal effect, thus management actions to stabilize our study population will likely need to include reducing beetle activity. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jules, Erik S.; Jackson, Jenell I.; Sahara, E. April] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [van Mantgem, Phillip J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Redwood Field Stn, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Beck, Jennifer S.] Crater Lake Natl Pk, Crater Lake, OR 97604 USA. [Murray, Michael P.] British Columbia Minist Forests Lands & Nat Resou, Nelson, BC, Canada. [Sahara, E. April] BBW Associates Inc, POB 702, Arcata, CA 95518 USA. RP Jules, ES (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM erik.jules@humboldt.edu FU National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Elena Thomas for many years of completing field work, and for her work on refining plot protocol. Many members of the Crater Lake National Park staff assisted with field work, including Seth Keena, Steve Thomas, Susie Roe-Andersen, and Kathryn Williams. Dan Barton and Michael Camann kindly gave advice about the development of our model, Sean Mohren helped build the database used to archive data from our demography plots, and Jonathon Nesmith and two anonymous reviewers edited earlier versions of our paper. Daniel San generously helped conceive of the project and also secure funding for the modeling portion of the work. We also thank Rob Mutch for use of his photographs (Fig. 1). This work was supported by the National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey. The use of trade, firm, or product names in this document is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 381 BP 144 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.09.022 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EB6VC UT WOS:000387522700014 ER PT J AU Clements, WH Kashian, DR Kiffney, PM Zuellig, RE AF Clements, William H. Kashian, Donna R. Kiffney, Peter M. Zuellig, Robert E. TI Perspectives on the context-dependency of stream community responses to contaminants SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benthic macroinvertebrates; contaminants; context-dependent responses; ecotoxicology; streams ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN STREAMS; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; HEAVY-METALS; MARINE PERIPHYTON; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; POPULATION-LEVEL; TOLERANCE PICT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UV-B AB Natural variation in the structure and function of aquatic communities along environmental or spatiotemporal gradients can influence how systems respond to biotic and abiotic disturbances. Although these context-dependent responses are a well-established element of basic ecology, they have received little attention from an ecotoxicological perspective. As the scope of freshwater bioassessment expands from single catchments to broad-scale, regional surveys, it has become apparent that community responses to contaminants can vary significantly among locations. This variability is generally considered a nuisance and an impediment to recognising ecological patterns; however, natural spatiotemporal variation in communities also provides opportunities to test hypotheses about context-dependent responses to contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. This study presents three examples of context-dependent responses of benthic stream communities to contaminants. We show how longitudinal variation in community composition, the development of tolerance to contaminants and exposure to multiple stressors influence the historical context of a community and hence may determine community responses to contaminants. Aquatic ecotoxicologists have made significant progress identifying abiotic factors that influence contaminant bioavailability and toxicity. A similar effort could be undertaken to identify specific ecological factors (e.g. community composition, natural disturbance regimes and life-history characteristics) that contribute to variation in susceptibility of communities to contaminants. Understanding the nature of context-dependent responses and the mechanisms responsible for variation among communities should be a key element of ecological risk assessment and a research priority in ecotoxicology. C1 [Clements, William H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kashian, Donna R.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Kiffney, Peter M.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol, Mukilteo, WA USA. [Zuellig, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Clements, WH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM willc@cnr.colostate.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Geological Survey; NIEHS Basic Superfund Research Program FX Funding to support our research on context-dependent responses of benthic communities was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey and the NIEHS Basic Superfund Research Program. Comments by Ahmed Tlili, Mark Gessner and two anonymous reviewers significantly improved this manuscript. We are especially grateful to Drs. Tlili and Gessner for their invitation to contribute to this special issue on the interface between ecology and ecotoxicology. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 20 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 61 IS 12 SI SI BP 2162 EP 2170 DI 10.1111/fwb.12599 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EB6OS UT WOS:000387504700015 ER PT J AU Hansen, MJ Nate, NA Chavarie, L Muir, AM Zimmerman, MS Krueger, CC AF Hansen, Michael J. Nate, Nancy A. Chavarie, Louise Muir, Andrew M. Zimmerman, Mara S. Krueger, Charles C. TI Life history differences between fat and lean morphs of lake charr (Salvelinus namaycush) in Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Buoyancy; Survival; Mortality; Growth; Maturity ID BEAR-LAKE; TROUT MORPHOTYPES; FISH COMMUNITY; ARCTIC CHARR; VERTICAL MIGRATION; SALMONID COMMUNITY; PREDATION RISK; AGE VALIDATION; SHALLOW-WATER; GENETIC-BASIS AB Life history characteristics (size, age, plumpness, buoyancy, survival, growth, and maturity) were compared between fat and lean morphs of lake charr Salvelinus namaycush in Great Slave Lake, Canada, to determine if differences may reflect effects of resource polymorphism. Lake charr were sampled using graded-mesh gill nets set in three depth strata. Of 236 lake charr captured, 122 were a fat morph and 114 were a lean morph. Males and females did not differ from each other in any attributes for either fat or lean morphs. The fat morph averaged 15 mm longer, 481 g heavier, and 4.7 years older than the lean morph. The fat morph averaged 26% heavier and 48% more buoyant at length than the lean morph. Survival of the fat morph was 1.7% higher than that of the lean morph. The fat morph grew at a slower annual rate to a shorter asymptotic length than the lean morph. Fat and lean morphs matured at similar lengths and ages. We concluded that the connection between resource polymorphism and life histories in lean versus fat lake charr suggests that morph-specific restoration objectives may be needed in lakes where lake charr diversity is considered to be a restoration goal. C1 [Hansen, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Nate, Nancy A.; Chavarie, Louise; Krueger, Charles C.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, 1405 South Harrison Rd,115 Manly Miles Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Muir, Andrew M.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, 2100 Commonwealth Blvd,Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Zimmerman, Mara S.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Div Sci, Wild Salmonid Prod Evaluat Unit, Fish Program, 1111 Washington St Southeast, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Hansen, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM michaelhansen@usgs.gov OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 FU Fishery Research Program of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX Steve Ellis (Wildlife, Lands, and Environment Department of the Lutsel K'e Dene First Nation) and George Low (CDFO) helped us secure fish collection permits. Sam Boucher (Lutsel K'e, Northwest Territories), Shawn Buckley, Kelley Thompson, Stephanie Vaillancourt (Hay River, Northwest Territories), Peter Cott (Department of Fisheries & Oceans-Canada), Randy Eshenroder, Scott Miehls, Christopher Goddard (Great Lakes Fishery Commission) assisted with field work. Golder Associates (Yellowknife, Northwest Territories) assisted with logistical support and equipment. Julie Nieland and Zachary Beard (University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point) assisted with otolith processing. The Fishery Research Program of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission provided funding. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1984 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. NR 99 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD DEC PY 2016 VL 783 IS 1 BP 21 EP 35 DI 10.1007/s10750-015-2633-2 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EB2WE UT WOS:000387222500003 ER PT J AU Henriksen, EH Knudsen, R Kristoffersen, R Kuris, AM Lafferty, KD Siwertsson, A Amundsen, PA AF Henriksen, Eirik H. Knudsen, Rune Kristoffersen, Roar Kuris, Armand M. Lafferty, Kevin D. Siwertsson, Anna Amundsen, Per-Arne TI Ontogenetic dynamics of infection with Diphyllobothrium spp. cestodes in sympatric Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.) and brown trout Salmo trutta L. SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Trophic transmission; Predation; Paratenic host; Interactive segregation ID DENDRITICUM NITZSCH; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; NORTHERN NORWAY; HOST AGE; PARASITES; POPULATION; FISH; LAKES; DITREMUM; LARVAL AB The trophic niches of Arctic charr and brown trout differ when the species occur in sympatry. Their trophically transmitted parasites are expected to reflect these differences. Here, we investigate how the infections of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum and D. ditremum differ between charr and trout. These tapeworms use copepods as their first intermediate hosts and fish can become infected as second intermediate hosts by consuming either infected copepods or infected fish. We examined 767 charr and 368 trout for Diphyllobothrium plerocercoids in a subarctic lake. The prevalence of D. ditremum was higher in charr (61.5%) than in trout, (39.5%), but the prevalence of D. dendriticum was higher in trout (31.2%) than in charr (19.3%). Diphyllobothrium spp. intensities were elevated in trout compared to charr, particularly for D. dendriticum. Large fish with massive parasite burdens were responsible for the high Diphyllobothrium spp. loads in trout. We hypothesize that fish prey may be the most important source for the Diphyllobothrium spp. infections in trout, whereas charr predominantly acquire Diphyllobothrium spp. by feeding on copepods. Our findings support previous suggestions that the ability to establish in a second piscine host is greater for D. dendriticum than for D. ditremum. C1 [Henriksen, Eirik H.; Knudsen, Rune; Kristoffersen, Roar; Siwertsson, Anna; Amundsen, Per-Arne] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Fac Biosci Fisheries & Econ, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Henriksen, EH (reprint author), UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Fac Biosci Fisheries & Econ, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. EM eirik.h.henriksen@uit.no OI Haugstvedt Henriksen, Eirik/0000-0002-9328-7623 FU UiT The Arctic University of Norway; Norwegian Research Council [NFR 213610/F20] FX Thanks are due to the technical staff and students of the Freshwater Ecology Group at UiT The Arctic University of Norway, for invaluable help during the field work over the years. We thank the guest editor, two anonymous referees and Dana Morton for their constructive comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. Financial support was provided by UiT The Arctic University of Norway and the Norwegian Research Council (NFR 213610/F20). NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD DEC PY 2016 VL 783 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s10750-015-2589-2 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EB2WE UT WOS:000387222500004 ER PT J AU Hansen, MJ Hansen, BS Beauchamp, DA AF Hansen, Michael J. Hansen, Barry S. Beauchamp, David A. TI Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) suppression for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) recovery in Flathead Lake, Montana, North America SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Lake trout; Bull trout; Fishing; Predation ID RECRUITMENT DYNAMICS; LIFE-HISTORY; PEND OREILLE; POPULATIONS; SUPERIOR; GROWTH; SUSTAINABILITY; EXPLOITATION; DISPLACEMENT; MANAGEMENT AB Non-native lake trout Salvelinus namaycush displaced native bull trout Salvelinus confluentus in Flathead Lake, Montana, USA, after 1984, when Mysis diluviana became abundant following its introduction in upstream lakes in 1968-1976. We developed a simulation model to determine the fishing mortality rate on lake trout that would enable bull trout recovery. Model simulations indicated that suppression of adult lake trout by 75% from current abundance would reduce predation on bull trout by 90%. Current removals of lake trout through incentivized fishing contests has not been sufficient to suppress lake trout abundance estimated by mark-recapture or indexed by stratified-random gill netting. In contrast, size structure, body condition, mortality, and maturity are changing consistent with a density-dependent reduction in lake trout abundance. Population modeling indicated total fishing effort would need to increase 3-fold to reduce adult lake trout population density by 75%. We conclude that increased fishing effort would suppress lake trout population density and predation on juvenile bull trout, and thereby enable higher abundance of adult bull trout in Flathead Lake and its tributaries. C1 [Hansen, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Hansen, Barry S.] Confederated Salish Kootenai Tribes, Box 278, Pablo, MT 59855 USA. [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hansen, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM michaelhansen@usgs.gov OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD DEC PY 2016 VL 783 IS 1 BP 317 EP 334 DI 10.1007/s10750-016-2703-0 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EB2WE UT WOS:000387222500025 ER PT J AU Culver, SJ Farrell, KM Mallinson, DJ Willard, DA Horton, BP Riggs, SR Thieler, ER Wehmiller, JF Parham, PR Moore, JP Snyder, SW Hillier, C AF Culver, Stephen J. Farrell, Kathleen M. Mallinson, David J. Willard, Debra A. Horton, Benjamin P. Riggs, Stanley R. Thieler, E. Robert Wehmiller, John F. Parham, Peter R. Moore, Jessica Pierson Snyder, Scott W. Hillier, Caroline TI Micropaleontologic record of Pliocene and Quaternary paleoenvironments in the southern Albemarle Embayment, North Carolina, U.S.A. (vol 457, pg 360, 2016) SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Culver, Stephen J.; Mallinson, David J.; Riggs, Stanley R.; Snyder, Scott W.] East Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Graham Rm 101, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Farrell, Kathleen M.] North Carolina Geol Survey, Coastal Plain Off & Core Repository, MSC 1620, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. [Willard, Debra A.] US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Parham, Peter R.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Div Earth Sci, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Parham, Peter R.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Thieler, E. Robert] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wehmiller, John F.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Natl Univ Malaysia, Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Southeast Asia Disaster Prevent Res Initiat SEADP, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. [Moore, Jessica Pierson] West Virginia Geol Survey, 1 Mt Chateau Rd, Morgantown, WV 26508 USA. [Hillier, Caroline] Argus Ecol Ltd, Durham DH97XN, England. RP Culver, SJ (reprint author), East Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Graham Rm 101, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM culvers@ecu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 463 BP 275 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.10.007 PG 1 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA EB6WJ UT WOS:000387526000021 ER PT J AU Muir, AM Hansen, MJ Bronte, CR Krueger, CC AF Muir, Andrew Michael Hansen, Michael Jay Bronte, Charles Richard Krueger, Charles Conrad TI If Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus is "the most diverse vertebrate', what is the lake charr Salvelinus namaycush? SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Adaptive radiation; evolution; lake trout; phenotypic diversity; resource polymorphism; speciation ID GREAT-BEAR-LAKE; ONTOGENIC NICHE SHIFTS; TROUT SPAWNING HABITAT; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; FISH COMMUNITY; SHALLOW-WATER; GENETIC-BASIS AB Teleost fishes are prominent vertebrate models of evolution, illustrated among old-world radiations by the Cichlidae of East African Great Lakes and new-world radiations by the circumpolar Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. Herein, we describe variation in lake charr S.namaycush morphology, life history, physiology and ecology, as another example of radiation. The lake charr is restricted to northern North America, where it originated from glacial refugia and diversified in large lakes. Shallow and deepwater morphs arose in multiple lakes, with a large-bodied shallow-water lean' morph in shallow inshore depths, a small-bodied mid-water humper' morph on offshore shoals or banks, a robust, large-bodied moderate to deep-water redfin'; morph and a large-bodied deep-water siscowet' morph at depths>100m. Eye position, gape size, and gillraker length and spacing adapted for feeding on different-sized prey, with piscivorous morphs (leans, siscowets and presumably redfins) reaching larger asymptotic size than invertivorous morphs (humpers). Lean morphs are light in colour, whereas deepwater morphs are drab and dark, although the pattern is reversed in dark tannic lakes. Morphs shift from benthic to pelagic feeding at a length of 400-490mm. Phenotypic differences in locomotion, buoyancy and lipid metabolism evolved into different mechanisms for buoyancy regulation, with lean morphs relying on hydrodynamic lift and siscowet morphs relying on hydrostatic lift. We suggest that the Salvelinus genus, rather than the species S.alpinus, is a diverse genus that should be the subject of comparative studies of processes causing divergence and adaptation among member species that may lead to a more complete evolutionary conceptual model. C1 [Muir, Andrew Michael] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, 2100 Commonwealth Blvd,Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Hansen, Michael Jay] US Geol Survey, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Bronte, Charles Richard] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 2661 Scott Tower Dr, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. [Krueger, Charles Conrad] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, 1405 South Harrison Rd,115 Manly Miles Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Muir, AM (reprint author), Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, 2100 Commonwealth Blvd,Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM amuir@glfc.org OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission through the Fishery Research Program FX The idea for this study was generated at the 7th International Charr Symposium, September 2012, Sakhalinsk, Russia. Conversations with Anders Klemetsen and several other Scandinavian charr biologists (on a Russian Train with much Vodka) highlighted the need to document the remarkable diversity seen in our North America lake charr. Funding for this project was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission through the Fishery Research Program. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is contribution 1893 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. NR 103 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 14 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1194 EP 1207 DI 10.1111/faf.12114 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EA9CO UT WOS:000386938900014 ER PT J AU Birge, HE Allen, CR Garmestani, AS Pope, KL AF Birge, Hannah E. Allen, Craig R. Garmestani, Ahjond S. Pope, Kevin L. TI Adaptive management for ecosystem services SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Complex systems; Scale; Social-ecological systems; Structured decision making; Sustainability; Uncertainty ID PROTECTED AREA; BIODIVERSITY; RESILIENCE; SCALE; CLASSIFICATION; CONSERVATION; ENVIRONMENT; LANDSCAPES; PHOSPHORUS; VALUATION AB Management of natural resources for the production of ecosystem services, which are vital for human well-being, is necessary even when there is uncertainty regarding system response to management action. This uncertainty is the result of incomplete controllability, complex internal feedbacks, and non linearity that often interferes with desired management outcomes, and insufficient understanding of nature and people. Adaptive management was developed to reduce such uncertainty. We present a framework for the application of adaptive management for ecosystem services that explicitly accounts for cross-scale tradeoffs in the production of ecosystem services. Our framework focuses on identifying key spatiotemporal scales (plot, patch, ecosystem, landscape, and region) that encompass dominant structures and processes in the system, and includes within- and cross-scale dynamics, ecosystem service tradeoffs, and management controllability within and across scales. Resilience theory recognizes that a limited set of ecological processes in a given system regulate ecosystem services, yet our understanding of these processes is poorly understood. If management actions erode or remove these processes, the system may shift into an alternative state unlikely to support the production of desired services. Adaptive management provides a process to assess the underlying within and cross-scale tradeoffs associated with production of ecosystem services while proceeding with management designed to meet the demands of a growing human population. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Birge, Hannah E.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Birge, Hannah E.; Allen, Craig R.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Allen, Craig R.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Birge, HE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.; Birge, HE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM hannah.birge@huskers.unl.edu; allencr@unl.edu; garmestani.ahjond@epa.gov; kpope2@unl.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska Lincoln; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank the authors of the papers in this special issue on adaptive management for ecosystem services for their diligent efforts and timely submissions. The final manuscript was greatly improved by comments from Dr. Anil Giri, Dr. Berrin Tansel, and two anonymous reviewers. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska Lincoln, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 57 U2 57 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 183 BP 343 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.054 PN 2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EA2HV UT WOS:000386414300001 PM 27460215 ER PT J AU Peterson, JT Freeman, MC AF Peterson, James T. Freeman, Mary C. TI Integrating modeling, monitoring, and management to reduce critical uncertainties in water resource decision making SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Metapopulation; Colonization; Extinction; Occupancy models; Bayesian updating; Streamflow; Stream fishes ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; FLOW REGIME; DISTRIBUTIONS; SCENARIOS; FISHES AB Stream ecosystems provide multiple, valued services to society, including water supply, waste assimilation, recreation, and habitat for diverse and productive biological communities. Managers striving to sustain these services in the face of changing climate, land uses, and water demands need tools to assess the potential effectiveness of alternative management actions, and often, the resulting tradeoffs between competing objectives. Integrating predictive modeling with monitoring data in an adaptive management framework provides a process by which managers can reduce model uncertainties and thus improve the scientific bases for subsequent decisions. We demonstrate an integration of monitoring data with a dynamic, metapopulation model developed to assess effects of streamflow alteration on fish occupancy in a southeastern US stream system. Although not extensive (collected over three years at nine sites), the monitoring data allowed us to assess and update support for alternative population dynamic models using model probabilities and Bayes rule. We then use the updated model weights to estimate the effects of water withdrawal on stream fish communities and demonstrate how feedback in the form of monitoring data can be used to improve water resource decision making. We conclude that investment in more strategic monitoring, guided by a priori model predictions under alternative hypotheses and an adaptive sampling design, could substantially improve the information available to guide decision making and management for ecosystem services from lotic systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Peterson, James T.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Freeman, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jt.peterson@oregonstate.edu FU USGS Water Census program; University of Georgia [A2002-10080-0]; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Oregon State University; Wildlife Management Institute FX We are grateful to the following colleagues who have contributed their efforts at varying stages of the model development including: G. Buell, L. Hay, W. Hughes, R. Jacobson, J. Jones, S. Jones, J. LaFontaine, K. Odom, S. Schindler, and C. Shea. We also thank M. Hagler, R. Katz and their crews for their diligent work collecting samples under trying conditions. This manuscript was improved with suggestions by M. Conroy and anonymous reviewers. Funding for this study was provided by the USGS Water Census program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of University of Georgia animal use protocol IACUC# A2002-10080-0. The Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon State University, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 17 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 183 BP 361 EP 370 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.03.015 PN 2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EA2HV UT WOS:000386414300003 PM 27012362 ER PT J AU Birge, HE Bevans, RA Allen, CR Angeler, DG Baer, SG Wall, DH AF Birge, Hannah E. Bevans, Rebecca A. Allen, Craig R. Angeler, David G. Baer, Sara G. Wall, Diana H. TI Adaptive management for soil ecosystem services SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Multifunctionality; soil functioning; structured decision making; biodiversity; ecological restoration; ecological restoration ID PLANT DIVERSITY; LAND-USE; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; GRASSLAND EXPERIMENT; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; FOOD WEBS; BIODIVERSITY; SALINITY; DROUGHT; SYSTEMS AB Ecosystem services provided by soil include regulation of the atmosphere and climate, primary (including agricultural) production, waste processing, decomposition, nutrient conservation, water purification, erosion control, medical resources, pest control, and disease mitigation. The simultaneous production of these multiple services arises from complex interactions among diverse aboveground and belowground communities across multiple scales. When a system is mismanaged, non-linear and persistent losses in ecosystem services can arise. Adaptive management is an approach to management designed to reduce uncertainty as management proceeds. By developing alternative hypotheses, testing these hypotheses and adjusting management in response to outcomes, managers can probe dynamic mechanistic relationships among aboveground and belowground soil system components. In doing so, soil ecosystem services can be preserved and critical ecological thresholds avoided. Here, we present an adaptive management framework designed to reduce uncertainty surrounding the soil system, even when soil ecosystem services production is not the explicit management objective, so that managers can reach their management goals without undermining soil multifunctionality or contributing to an irreversible loss of soil ecosystem services. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Birge, Hannah E.; Bevans, Rebecca A.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Birge, Hannah E.; Bevans, Rebecca A.; Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, POB 7050, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Baer, Sara G.] Southern Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Baer, Sara G.] Southern Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Wall, Diana H.] Colorado State Univ, Sch Global Environm Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Wall, Diana H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Birge, HE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.; Birge, HE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Hannah.birge@huskers.unl.edu; bevansbecca@gmail.com; callen3@unl.edu; David.Angeler@slu.se; sgbaer@siu.edu; diana@colostate.edu FU United States Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; August T. Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; NSF IGERT Resilience and Adaptive Governance of Stressed Watersheds (NSF) [0903469] FX The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the United States Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Comments from Dr. K.L. Pope and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the August T. Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, and the NSF IGERT Resilience and Adaptive Governance of Stressed Watersheds (NSF # 0903469). NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 54 U2 54 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 183 BP 371 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.024 PN 2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EA2HV UT WOS:000386414300004 PM 27344211 ER PT J AU Hodbod, J Barreteau, O Allen, C Magda, D AF Hodbod, Jennifer Barreteau, Olivier Allen, Craig Magda, Daniele TI Managing adaptively for multifunctionality in agricultural systems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Multifunctionality; Adaptive management; Agricultural systems; Adaptive Multi-Paddock grazing; Agroecology; Resilience ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; FARMING SYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; RESILIENCE; SUSTAINABILITY; AGROECOSYSTEMS; AGROECOLOGY AB The critical importance of agricultural systems for food security and as a dominant global landcover requires management that considers the full dimensions of system functions at appropriate scales, i.e. multifunctionality. We propose that adaptive management is the most suitable management approach for such goals, given its ability to reduce uncertainty over time and support multiple objectives within a system, for multiple actors. As such, adaptive management may be the most appropriate method for sustainably intensifying production whilst increasing the quantity and quality of ecosystem services. However, the current assessment of performance of agricultural systems doesn't reward ecosystem service provision. Therefore, we present an overview of the ecosystem functions agricultural systems should and could provide, coupled with a revised definition for assessing the performance of agricultural systems from a multifunctional perspective that, when all satisfied; would create adaptive agricultural systems that can increase production whilst ensuring food security and the quantity and quality of ecosystem services. The outcome of this high level of performance is the capacity to respond to multiple shocks without collapse, equity and triple bottom line sustainability. Through the assessment of case studies, we find that alternatives to industrialized agricultural systems incorporate more functional goals, but that there are mixed findings as to whether these goals translate into positive measurable outcomes. We suggest that an adaptive management perspective would support the implementation of a systematic analysis of the social, ecological and economic trade-offs occurring within such systems, particularly between ecosystem services and functions, in order to provide suitable and comparable assessments. We also identify indicators to monitor performance at multiple scales in agricultural systems which can be used within an adaptive management framework to increase resilience at multiple scales. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hodbod, Jennifer] Arizona State Univ, Walton Sustainabil Solut Initiat, Julie Ann Wrigley Global Inst Sustainabil, POB 875204, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Barreteau, Olivier] IRSTEA, UMR G EAU, 361 Rue Jean Francois Breton,BP 5095, F-34196 Montpellier, France. [Allen, Craig] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, US Geol Survey, 423 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Magda, Daniele] INRA, UMR AGIR 1248, 24 Chemin Borde Rouge, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. RP Hodbod, J (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Walton Sustainabil Solut Initiat, Julie Ann Wrigley Global Inst Sustainabil, POB 875204, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jennifer.hodbod@asu.edu; olivier.barreteau@irstea.fr; callen3@unl.edu; dmagda@toulouse.inra.fr OI Hodbod, Jennifer/0000-0001-8899-6583 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank the Resilience Alliance for supporting a meeting in Antony, France where many of these ideas began to be discussed. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 43 U2 43 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 183 BP 379 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.064 PN 2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EA2HV UT WOS:000386414300005 PM 27349502 ER PT J AU Chaffin, BC Garmestani, AS Angeler, DG Herrmann, DL Stow, CA Nystrom, M Sendzimir, J Hopton, ME Kolasa, J Allen, CR AF Chaffin, Brian C. Garmestani, Ahjond S. Angeler, David G. Herrmann, Dustin L. Stow, Craig A. Nystrom, Magnus Sendzimir, Jan Hopton, Matthew E. Kolasa, Jurek Allen, Craig R. TI Biological invasions, ecological resilience and adaptive governance SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biological invasions; Invasive species; Ecological resilience; Adaptive governance; Adaptive management; Ecosystem services ID BODY-MASS DISTRIBUTIONS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; EVERGLADES ECOSYSTEM; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; CORAL-REEFS; MANAGEMENT; EXTINCTIONS; SYSTEMS; BIODIVERSITY AB In a world of increasing interconnections in global trade as well as rapid change in climate and land cover, the accelerating introduction and spread of invasive species is a critical concern due to associated negative social and ecological impacts, both real and perceived. Much of the societal response to invasive species to date has been associated with negative economic consequences of invasions. This response has shaped a war-like approach to addressing invasions, one with an agenda of eradications and intense ecological restoration efforts towards prior or more desirable ecological regimes. This trajectory often ignores the concept of ecological resilience and associated approaches of resilience-based governance. We argue that the relationship between ecological resilience and invasive species has been understudied to the detriment of attempts to govern invasions, and that most management actions fail, primarily because they do not incorporate adaptive, learning-based approaches. Invasive species can decrease resilience by reducing the biodiversity that underpins ecological functions and processes, making ecosystems more prone to regime shifts. However, invasions do not always result in a shift to an alternative regime; invasions can also increase resilience by introducing novelty, replacing lost ecological functions or adding redundancy that strengthens already existing structures and processes in an ecosystem. This paper examines the potential impacts of species invasions on the resilience of ecosystems and suggests that resilience-based approaches can inform policy by linking the governance of biological invasions to the negotiation of tradeoffs between ecosystem services. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chaffin, Brian C.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Soc & Conservat, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Garmestani, Ahjond S.; Hopton, Matthew E.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Box 7050, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Herrmann, Dustin L.] US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci, 26 W Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Herrmann, Dustin L.] US EPA, Educ Res Participant Program, 26 W Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Nystrom, Magnus] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, Kraftriket 2B, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Sendzimir, Jan] Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci BOKU, Inst Hydrobiol & Aquat Ecosyst Management, Max Emanuel Str 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Kolasa, Jurek] McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, 423 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Chaffin, BC (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Soc & Conservat, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM brian.chaffin@umontana.edu; garmestani.ahjond@epa.gov; david.angeler@slu.se; herrmann.dustin@epa.gov; craig.stow@noaa.gov; magnus.nystrom@su.se; jan.sendzimir@boku.ac.at; hopton.matthew@epa.gov; kolasa@mcmaster.ca; callen3@unl.edu OI Hopton, Matt/0000-0001-7962-6820 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; August T. Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; U.S. Geological Survey John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory [1817]; Swedish Research Councils Formas [2014-1193]; Vetenskapsradet [2014-5828] FX The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. This research was partially conducted with the support of two appointments to the Research Participation Program at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory, one administered by the National Academies Research Associateship Program, and one by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the August T. Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, the U.S. Geological Survey John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (contribution number 1817) and the Swedish Research Councils Formas (2014-1193) and Vetenskapsradet (2014-5828). NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 78 U2 78 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 183 BP 399 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.04.040 PN 2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EA2HV UT WOS:000386414300007 PM 27377866 ER PT J AU Pope, KL Pegg, MA Cole, NW Siddons, SF Fedele, AD Harmon, BS Ruskamp, RL Turner, DR Uerling, CC AF Pope, Kevin L. Pegg, Mark A. Cole, Nicholas W. Siddons, Stephen F. Fedele, Alexis D. Harmon, Brian S. Ruskamp, Ryan L. Turner, Dylan R. Uerling, Caleb C. TI Fishing for ecosystem services SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; Angler; Ecosystem management; Recreational fisheries; Social-ecological systems ID SCALE DAM REMOVAL; ELWHA RIVER; STOCK ENHANCEMENT; RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY; NORTH-AMERICA; INLAND WATERS; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; RESTORATION AB Ecosystems are commonly exploited and manipulated to maximize certain human benefits. Such changes can degrade systems, leading to cascading negative effects that may be initially undetected, yet ultimately result in a reduction, or complete loss, of certain valuable ecosystem services. Ecosystem based management is intended to maintain ecosystem quality and minimize the risk of irreversible change to natural assemblages of species and to ecosystem processes while obtaining and maintaining long-term socioeconomic benefits. We discuss policy decisions in fishery management related to commonly manipulated environments with a focus on influences to ecosystem services. By focusing on broader scales, managing for ecosystem services, and taking a more proactive approach, we expect sustainable, quality fisheries that are resilient to future disturbances. To that end, we contend that: (1) management always involves tradeoffs; (2) explicit management of fisheries for ecosystem services could facilitate a transition from reactive to proactive management; and (3) adaptive co-management is a process that could enhance management for ecosystem services. We propose adaptive co-management with an ecosystem service framework where actions are implemented within ecosystem boundaries, rather than political boundaries, through strong interjurisdictional relationships. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.; Pegg, Mark A.; Cole, Nicholas W.; Siddons, Stephen F.; Fedele, Alexis D.; Harmon, Brian S.; Turner, Dylan R.; Uerling, Caleb C.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Cole, Nicholas W.; Fedele, Alexis D.; Harmon, Brian S.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Ruskamp, Ryan L.] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Div Fisheries, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. RP Pope, KL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.; Pope, KL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM kpope2@unl.edu; mpegg2@unl.edu; nwcole.mo@gmail.com; ssiddons2@unl.edu; lexifed@gmail.com; briharmon89@gmail.com; ryan.ruskamp@nebraska.gov; dturner438@yahoo.com; caleb.uerling@gmail.com FU University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, Lincoln, Nebraska; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The ideas presented herein were generated by discussions with C. R. Allen and H. E. Birge, and were further developed during a graduate-level course entitled "Managed Aquatic Systems" that was taught during spring 2015. M. Pegg was supported by Hatch Act funds through the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, Lincoln, Nebraska. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 92 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 34 U2 34 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 183 BP 408 EP 417 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.04.024 PN 2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EA2HV UT WOS:000386414300008 PM 27126088 ER PT J AU Cartwright, J Dzantor, EK Momen, B AF Cartwright, Jennifer Dzantor, E. Kudjo Momen, Bahram TI Soil microbial community profiles and functional diversity in limestone cedar glades SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Limestone cedar glades; Rock outcrop ecosystem; Environmental microbiology; Soil microbial community; Community level physiological profiles ID CARBON-SOURCE UTILIZATION; QUANTILE REGRESSION; PLANT DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; TENNESSEE; DRIVERS; SUCCESSION; DYNAMICS AB Rock outcrop ecosystems, such as limestone cedar glades (LCGs), are known for their rare and endemic plant species adapted to high levels of abiotic stress. Soils in LCGs are thin (<25 cm), soil-moisture conditions fluctuate seasonally between xeric and saturated, and summer soil temperatures commonly exceed 48 degrees C. The effects of these stressors on soil microbial communities (SMC) remain largely unstudied, despite the importance of SMC-plant interactions in regulating the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems. SMC profiles and functional diversity were characterized in LCGs using community level, physiological profiling (CLPP) and plate-dilution frequency assays (PDFA). Most-probable number (MPN) estimates and microbial substrate-utilization diversity (H) were positively related to soil thickness, soil organic matter (OM), soil water content, and vegetation density, and were diminished in alkaline soil relative to circumneutral soil. Soil nitrate showed no relationship to SMCs, suggesting lack of N-limitation. Canonical correlation analysis indicated strong correlations between microbial CLPP patterns and several physical and chemical properties of soil, primarily temperature at the ground surface and at 4-cm depth, and secondarily soil-water content, enabling differentiation by season. Thus, it was demonstrated that several well-described abiotic determinants of plant community structure in this ecosystem are also reflected in SMC profiles. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cartwright, Jennifer] US Geol Survey, Lower Mississippi Gulf Water Sci Ctr, 640 Grassmere Pk,Suite 100, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. [Dzantor, E. Kudjo] Tennessee State Univ, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Momen, Bahram] Univ Maryland, 1425 Anim Sci Agr Engn Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cartwright, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lower Mississippi Gulf Water Sci Ctr, 640 Grassmere Pk,Suite 100, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. EM jmcart@usgs.gov; edzantor@tnstate.edu; bmomen@umd.edu FU National Park Service [STRI-00025]; U.S. Geological Survey; Tennessee State University (USDA/NIFA) [2010-38821-21594] FX This research was supported by the National Park Service, (Study# STRI-00025; Wolfe, PI), the U.S. Geological Survey, and Tennessee State University (USDA/NIFA award 2010-38821-21594; Dzantor, PI). The authors thank William Wolfe (U.S. Geological Survey) and Gib Backlund and Troy Morris (National Park Service) for their assistance with field logistics. This manuscript was improved based on reviews by Thomas Byl (U.S. Geological Survey) and anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 33 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 EI 1872-6887 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD DEC PY 2016 VL 147 BP 216 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2016.07.010 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA DZ1LB UT WOS:000385598800022 ER PT J AU Dalyander, PS Meyers, M Mattsson, B Steyer, G Godsey, E McDonald, J Byrnes, M Ford, M AF Dalyander, P. Soupy Meyers, Michelle Mattsson, Brady Steyer, Gregory Godsey, Elizabeth McDonald, Justin Byrnes, Mark Ford, Mark TI Use of structured decision-making to explicitly incorporate environmental process understanding in management of coastal restoration projects: Case study on barrier islands of the northern Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Structured decision-making; Ecosystem restoration; Adaptive management; Mississippi Coastal Improvements Program; Gulf of Mexico; Barrier islands ID BAYESIAN NETWORK; EXTREME STORMS; EVOLUTION; MODELS; CHAIN AB Coastal ecosystem management typically relies on subjective interpretation of scientific understanding, with limited methods for explicitly incorporating process knowledge into decisions that must meet multiple, potentially competing stakeholder objectives. Conversely, the scientific community lacks methods for identifying which advancements in system understanding would have the highest value to decision-makers. A case in point is barrier island restoration, where decision-makers lack tools to objectively use system understanding to determine how to optimally use limited contingency funds when project construction in this dynamic environment does not proceed as expected. In this study, collaborative structured decision-making (SDM) was evaluated as an approach to incorporate process understanding into mid-construction decisions and to identify priority gaps in knowledge from a management perspective. The focus was a barrier island restoration project at Ship Island, Mississippi, where sand will be used to close an extensive breach that currently divides the island. SDM was used to estimate damage that may occur during construction, and guide repair decisions within the confines of limited availability of sand and funding to minimize adverse impacts to project objectives. Sand was identified as more limiting than funds, and unrepaired major breaching would negatively impact objectives. Repairing minor damage immediately was determined to be generally more cost effective (depending on the longshore extent) than risking more damage to a weakened project. Key gaps in process-understanding relative to project management were identified as the relationship of island width to breach formation; the amounts of sand lost during breaching, lowering, or narrowing of the berm; the potential for minor breaches to self-heal versus developing into a major breach; and the relationship between upstream nourishment and resiliency of the berm to storms. This application is a prototype for using structured decision-making in support of engineering projects in dynamic environments where mid-construction decisions may arise; highlights uncertainty about barrier island physical processes that limit the ability to make robust decisions; and demonstrates the potential for direct incorporation of process-based models in a formal adaptive management decision framework. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dalyander, P. Soupy] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Meyers, Michelle] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA USA. [Mattsson, Brady] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci Vienna, Gregor Mendel Str 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Steyer, Gregory] US Geol Survey, Livestock Show Off, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Godsey, Elizabeth; McDonald, Justin] US Army Corps Engineers, 109 St Joseph St, Mobile, AL USA. [Byrnes, Mark] Appl Coastal Res & Engn, 766 Falmouth Rd,Suite A-1, Mashpee, MA USA. [Ford, Mark] Natl Pk Serv, Southeast Reg Off, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Dalyander, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM sdalyander@usgs.gov; mmeyers@usgs.gov; brady.mattsson@boku.ac.at; gsteyer@usgs.gov; Elizabeth.S.Godsey@usace.army.mil; Justin.S.McDonald@usace.army.mil; mbyrnes@appliedcoastal.com; mark_ford@nps.gov OI Dalyander, P. Soupy/0000-0001-9583-0872 FU Department of the Interior Southeast Climate Science Center FX We would like to thank the project team including Darin Lee, Nate Lovelace, and Ayse Karanci for their participation and expertise. We also want to thank Elise Irwin for her SDM expertise, including helping to facilitate the prototyping workshops and for her instrumental guidance and participation through the project. We are grateful to the respective agencies of the coauthors and the project participants (USACE, USGS, NPS, LA CPRA, Applied Coastal Inc.) in allocating the time for participants to engage in the effort, webinars and workshops, and to complete the project. We thank Alyssa Dausman for helping to identify and invite project participants and organizing the first workshop, and Holly Beck documenting the outcomes from the second stakeholder meeting. We also thank Linda Barnett for information regarding species habitat and for her review and Susan Rees for her feedback throughout the project. Thanks to Nathaniel Plant for additional insight on the role and context of science-based decision support in coastal environments. Funding was provided by the Department of the Interior Southeast Climate Science Center; however, the findings and conclusions in this article do not necessarily represent the views of the Southeast Climate Science Center. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 24 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 183 BP 497 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.078 PN 3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ5KC UT WOS:000385900000007 PM 27623362 ER PT J AU Bridges, NT Dundas, CM Edgar, LA AF Bridges, Nathan T. Dundas, Colin M. Edgar, Lauren A. TI Special section introduction on MicroMars to MegaMars SO ICARUS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bridges, Nathan T.] Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Dundas, Colin M.; Edgar, Lauren A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Bridges, NT (reprint author), Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM nathan.bridges@jhuapl.edu; cdundas@usgs.gov; ledgar@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC PY 2016 VL 280 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.08.021 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DX8HR UT WOS:000384629200001 ER PT J AU Stack, KM Edwards, CS Grotzinger, JP Gupta, S Sumner, DY Calef, FJ Edgar, LA Edgett, KS Fraeman, AA Jacob, SR Le Deit, L Lewis, KW Rice, MS Rubin, D Williams, RME Williford, KH AF Stack, K. M. Edwards, C. S. Grotzinger, J. P. Gupta, S. Sumner, D. Y. Calef, F. J., III Edgar, L. A. Edgett, K. S. Fraeman, A. A. Jacob, S. R. Le Deit, L. Lewis, K. W. Rice, M. S. Rubin, D. Williams, R. M. E. Williford, K. H. TI Comparing orbiter and rover image-based mapping of an ancient sedimentary environment, Aeolis Palus, Gale crater, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, surface; Geological processes ID SCIENCE LABORATORY MISSION; LANDING SITE; GEOLOGY; MINERALOGY; SELECTION; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN AB This study provides the first systematic comparison of orbital facies maps with detailed ground-based geology observations from the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover to examine the validity of geologic interpretations derived from orbital image data. Orbital facies maps were constructed for the Darwin, Cooperstown, and Kimberley waypoints visited by the Curiosity rover using High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images. These maps, which represent the most detailed orbital analysis of these areas to date, were compared with rover image-based geologic maps and stratigraphic columns derived from Curiosity's Mast Camera (Mastcam) and Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI). Results show that bedrock outcrops can generally be distinguished from unconsolidated surficial deposits in high-resolution orbital images and that orbital facies mapping can be used to recognize geologic contacts between well exposed bedrock units. However, process-based interpretations derived from orbital image mapping are difficult to infer without known regional context or observable paleogeomorphic indicators, and layer cake models of stratigraphy derived from orbital maps oversimplify depositional relationships as revealed from a rover perspective. This study also shows that fine-scale orbital image-based mapping of current and future Mars landing sites is essential for optimizing the efficiency and science return of rover surface operations. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Stack, K. M.; Calef, F. J., III; Williford, K. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Edwards, C. S.; Edgar, L. A.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Grotzinger, J. P.; Fraeman, A. A.] CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gupta, S.] Imperial Coll, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Sumner, D. Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Edgett, K. S.] Malin Space Sci Syst Inc, San Diego, CA 92191 USA. [Jacob, S. R.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Le Deit, L.] Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, Nantes, France. [Lewis, K. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Rice, M. S.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Rubin, D.] UC Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Williams, R. M. E.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Stack, KM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kathryn.m.stack@jpl.nasa.gov NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 39 U2 39 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC PY 2016 VL 280 BP 3 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.02.024 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DX8HR UT WOS:000384629200002 ER PT J AU Berlanga, G Hibbitts, CA Takir, D Dyar, MD Sklute, E AF Berlanga, Genesis Hibbitts, Charles A. Takir, Driss Dyar, M. Darby Sklute, Elizabeth TI Spectral nature of CO2 adsorption onto meteorites SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Meteorites; Spectroscopy; Mineralogy; Jupiter satellites; Trojan Asteroids ID CM CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; AQUEOUS ALTERATION; CI CHONDRITES; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; ALLENDE METEORITE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MODAL MINERALOGY; SOLAR-SYSTEM AB Previous studies have identified carbon dioxide (CO2) on the surfaces of jovian and Galilean satellites in regions of non -ice material that are too warm for CO2 ice to exist. CO2 ice would quickly sublimate if not retained by a less-volatile material. To ascertain what non -ice species may be responsible for stabilizing this CO2, we performed CO2 gas adsorption experiments on thirteen powdered CM, CI, and CV carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. Reflectance spectra of the nu(3) feature associated with adsorbed CO2 near 4.27 gm were recorded. Results show that many meteorites adsorbed some amount of CO2, as evidenced by an absorption feature that was stable over several hours at ultra-high vacuum (UHV) and high vacuum, (1.0 x 10(-8) and 1.0 x 10(-7)Torr, respectively). Ivuna, the only CI chondrite studied, adsorbed significantly more CO2 than the others. We found that CO2 abundance did not vary with 'water' abundance, organics, or carbonates as inferred from the area of the 3-mu m band, the 3.2-3.4 mu m C-H feature, and the similar to 3.8-mu m band respectively, but did correlate with hydrous/anhydrous phyllosilicate ratios. Furthermore, we did not observe CO2 ice because the position of the CO2 feature was generally shifted 3-10 nm from that of the 4.27 mu m absorption characteristic of ice. The strongest compositional relationship observed was a possible affinity of CO2 for total FeO abundance and complex clay minerals, which make up the bulk of the CI chondrite matrix. This finding implies that the most primitive refractory materials in the Solar System may also act as reservoirs of CO2, and possibly other volatiles, delivering them to parts of the Solar System where their ices would not be stable. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Berlanga, Genesis; Hibbitts, Charles A.] Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Takir, Driss] USGS Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Dyar, M. Darby; Sklute, Elizabeth] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Astron, 50 Coll St, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Berlanga, Genesis] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Dept Geol & Geophys, POST Bldg,Suite 602,1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Berlanga, G (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.; Berlanga, G (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Dept Geol & Geophys, POST Bldg,Suite 602,1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM genesis.berlanga@gmail.com OI Berlanga, Genesis/0000-0001-7666-6966 FU NASA Outer Planets Research grant [NNX10AB83G]; Laboratory investigations into the trapping of gases by nonice materials on outer Solar System bodies; ORAU/ORISE program; Emerging Worlds grant [NNX15AH64G/119785] FX This work was supported under NASA Outer Planets Research grant NNX10AB83G, "Laboratory investigations into the trapping of gases by nonice materials on outer Solar System bodies" and the ORAU/ORISE program, and by the Emerging Worlds grant NNX15AH64G/119785. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC PY 2016 VL 280 BP 366 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.06.020 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DX8HR UT WOS:000384629200026 ER PT J AU Kovach, RP Hand, BK Hohenlohe, PA Cosart, TF Boyer, MC Neville, HH Muhlfeld, CC Amish, SJ Carim, K Narum, SR Lowe, WH Allendorf, FW Luikart, G AF Kovach, Ryan P. Hand, Brian K. Hohenlohe, Paul A. Cosart, Ted F. Boyer, Matthew C. Neville, Helen H. Muhlfeld, Clint C. Amish, Stephen J. Carim, Kellie Narum, Shawn R. Lowe, Winsor H. Allendorf, Fred W. Luikart, Gordon TI Vive la resistance: genome-wide selection against introduced alleles in invasive hybrid zones SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE hybridization; natural selection; introgression; invasive species; genomics; temperature ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKII-LEWISI; RAINBOW-TROUT; ADAPTIVE INTROGRESSION; LOCAL ADAPTATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONSERVATION GENETICS; POPULATION GENOMICS; SALMONID FISHES; HYBRIDIZATION AB Evolutionary and ecological consequences of hybridization between native and invasive species are notoriously complicated because patterns of selection acting on non-native alleles can vary throughout the genome and across environments. Rapid advances in genomics now make it feasible to assess locus-specific and genome-wide patterns of natural selection acting on invasive introgression within and among natural populations occupying diverse environments. We quantified genome-wide patterns of admixture across multiple independent hybrid zones of native westslope cutthroat trout and invasive rainbow trout, the world's most widely introduced fish, by genotyping 339 individuals from 21 populations using 9380 species-diagnostic loci. A significantly greater proportion of the genome appeared to be under selection favouring native cutthroat trout (rather than rainbow trout), and this pattern was pervasive across the genome (detected on most chromosomes). Furthermore, selection against invasive alleles was consistent across populations and environments, even in those where rainbow trout were predicted to have a selective advantage (warm environments). These data corroborate field studies showing that hybrids between these species have lower fitness than the native taxa, and show that these fitness differences are due to selection favouring many native genes distributed widely throughout the genome. C1 [Kovach, Ryan P.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. [Hand, Brian K.; Cosart, Ted F.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.; Amish, Stephen J.; Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Flathead Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Hohenlohe, Paul A.] Univ Idaho, Inst Bioinformat & Evolutionary Studies, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Cosart, Ted F.; Amish, Stephen J.; Lowe, Winsor H.; Allendorf, Fred W.; Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Boyer, Matthew C.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. [Neville, Helen H.] Trout Unlimited, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Carim, Kellie] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Narum, Shawn R.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman Genet Lab, Columbia, ID 83332 USA. RP Kovach, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. EM rkovach@usgs.gov FU NSF [DEB-1258203]; NIH [P30GM103224]; USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; USGS Mendenhall Fellowship; Bonneville Power Administration grant [199101903] FX Funding was provided by NSF (DEB-1258203), NIH (P30GM103224), the USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, the USGS Mendenhall Fellowship, Bonneville Power Administration grant no. 199101903 to Montana, Fish, Wildlife and Parks, and an individual donation (Larry Garlick) to Trout Unlimited. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 28 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 30 PY 2016 VL 283 IS 1843 AR 20161380 DI 10.1098/rspb.2016.1380 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EF5DC UT WOS:000390349900001 ER PT J AU Moyer-Horner, L Beever, EA Johnson, DH Biel, M Belt, J AF Moyer-Horner, Lucas Beever, Erik A. Johnson, Douglas H. Biel, Mark Belt, Jami TI Predictors of Current and Longer-Term Patterns of Abundance of American Pikas (Ochotona princeps) across a Leading- Edge Protected Area SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREAT-BASIN; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; POPULATION-DENSITY; LATE QUATERNARY; SIERRA-NEVADA; NATIONAL-PARK; RANGE SHIFTS; GENE FLOW AB American pikas (Ochotona princeps) have been heralded as indicators of montane-mammal response to contemporary climate change. Pikas no longer occupy the driest and lowest-elevation sites in numerous parts of their geographic range. Conversely, pikas have exhibited higher rates of occupancy and persistence in Rocky Mountain and Sierra Nevada montane 'mainlands'. Research and monitoring efforts on pikas across the western USA have collectively shown the nuance and complexity with which climate will often act on species in diverse topographic and climatic contexts. However, to date no studies have investigated habitat, distribution, and abundance of pikas across hundreds of sites within a remote wilderness area. Additionally, relatively little is known about whether climate acts most strongly on pikas through direct or indirect (e.g., vegetation-mediated) mechanisms. During 2007-2009, we collectively hiked > 16,000 km throughout the 410,077-ha Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, in an effort to identify topographic, microrefugial, and vegetative characteristics predictive of pika abundance. We identified 411 apparently pika-suitable habitat patches with binoculars (in situ), and surveyed 314 of them for pika signs. Ranking of alternative logistic-regression models based on AIC(c) scores revealed that short-term pika abundances were positively associated with intermediate elevations, greater cover of mosses, and taller forbs, and decreased each year, for a total decline of 68% during the three-year study; whereas longer-term abundances were associated only with static variables (longitude, elevation, gradient) and were lower on north-facing slopes. Earlier Julian date and time of day of the survey (i.e., midday vs. not) were associated with lower observed pika abundance. We recommend that wildlife monitoring account for this seasonal and diel variation when surveying pikas. Broad-scale information on status and abundance determinants of montane mammals, especially for remote protected areas, is crucial for land and wildlife-resource managers trying to anticipate mammalian responses to climate change. C1 [Moyer-Horner, Lucas] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Beever, Erik A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Beever, Erik A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] Univ Minnesota, Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol Dept, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Biel, Mark] Natl Pk Serv, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT USA. [Belt, Jami] Natl Pk Serv, Klondike Gold Rush Natl Hist Pk, Skagway, AK USA. RP Moyer-Horner, L (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM Lrmhorner@gmail.com FU Glacier National Park Conservancy FX LMH received funding in support of this work from the Glacier National Park Conservancy (https://www.glacierconservaocy.org/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 96 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 30 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 11 AR e0167051 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0167051 PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE3FV UT WOS:000389474100046 PM 27902732 ER PT J AU Carey, JC Tang, JW Templer, PH Kroeger, KD Crowther, TW Burton, AJ Dukes, JS Emmett, B Frey, SD Heskel, MA Jiang, L Machmuller, MB Mohan, J Panetta, AM Reich, PB Reinsch, S Wang, X Allison, SD Bamminger, C Bridgham, S Collins, SL De Dato, G Eddy, WC Enquist, BJ Estiarte, M Harte, J Henderson, A Johnson, BR Larsen, KS Luo, Y Marhan, S Melillo, JM Peuelas, J Pfeifer-Meister, L Poll, C Rastetter, E Reinmann, AB Reynolds, LL Schmidt, IK Shaver, GR Strong, AL Suseela, V Tietema, A AF Carey, Joanna C. Tang, Jianwu Templer, Pamela H. Kroeger, Kevin D. Crowther, Thomas W. Burton, Andrew J. Dukes, Jeffrey S. Emmett, Bridget Frey, Serita D. Heskel, Mary A. Jiang, Lifen Machmuller, Megan B. Mohan, Jacqueline Panetta, Anne Marie Reich, Peter B. Reinsch, Sabine Wang, Xin Allison, Steven D. Bamminger, Chris Bridgham, Scott Collins, Scott L. de Dato, Giovanbattista Eddy, William C. Enquist, Brian J. Estiarte, Marc Harte, John Henderson, Amanda Johnson, Bart R. Larsen, Klaus Steenberg Luo, Yiqi Marhan, Sven Melillo, Jerry M. Peuelas, Josep Pfeifer-Meister, Laurel Poll, Christian Rastetter, Edward Reinmann, Andrew B. Reynolds, Lorien L. Schmidt, Inger K. Shaver, Gaius R. Strong, Aaron L. Suseela, Vidya Tietema, Albert TI Temperature response of soil respiration largely unaltered with experimental warming SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE soil respiration; climate change; experimental warming; temperature sensitivity; biome ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; THERMAL-ACCLIMATION; CARBON-CYCLE; HETEROTROPHIC RESPIRATION; MICROBIAL RESPIRATION; METAANALYSIS; ECOSYSTEM; SENSITIVITY; DECOMPOSITION; FEEDBACKS AB The respiratory release of carbon dioxide (CO2) from soil is a major yet poorly understood flux in the global carbon cycle. Climatic warming is hypothesized to increase rates of soil respiration, potentially fueling further increases in global temperatures. However, despite considerable scientific attention in recent decades, the overall response of soil respiration to anticipated climatic warming remains unclear. We synthesize the largest global dataset to date of soil respiration, moisture, and temperature measurements, totaling > 3,800 observations representing 27 temperature manipulation studies, spanning nine biomes and over 2 decades of warming. Our analysis reveals no significant differences in the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration between control and warmed plots in all biomes, with the exception of deserts and boreal forests. Thus, our data provide limited evidence of acclimation of soil respiration to experimental warming in several major biome types, contrary to the results from multiple single-site studies. Moreover, across all nondesert biomes, respiration rates with and without experimental warming follow a Gaussian response, increasing with soil temperature up to a threshold of similar to 25 degrees C, above which respiration rates decrease with further increases in temperature. This consistent decrease in temperature sensitivity at higher temperatures demonstrates that rising global temperatures may result in regionally variable responses in soil respiration, with colder climates being considerably more responsive to increased ambient temperatures compared with warmer regions. Our analysis adds a unique cross-biome perspective on the temperature response of soil respiration, information critical to improving our mechanistic understanding of how soil carbon dynamics change with climatic warming. C1 [Carey, Joanna C.; Tang, Jianwu; Heskel, Mary A.; Melillo, Jerry M.; Rastetter, Edward; Shaver, Gaius R.] Marine Biol Lab, Ecosyst Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Templer, Pamela H.; Reinmann, Andrew B.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kroeger, Kevin D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Crowther, Thomas W.] Netherlands Inst Ecol, Dept Terr Ecol, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Crowther, Thomas W.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Burton, Andrew J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Purdue Univ, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Emmett, Bridget; Reinsch, Sabine] Environm Ctr Wales, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Frey, Serita D.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jiang, Lifen; Luo, Yiqi] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Machmuller, Megan B.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Mohan, Jacqueline] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30601 USA. [Panetta, Anne Marie] Univ Calif Davis, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Reich, Peter B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Reich, Peter B.] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. [Wang, Xin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Allison, Steven D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Allison, Steven D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Bamminger, Chris; Marhan, Sven; Poll, Christian] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Soil Sci & Land Evaluat, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. [Bridgham, Scott; Pfeifer-Meister, Laurel; Reynolds, Lorien L.] Univ Oregon, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Collins, Scott L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [de Dato, Giovanbattista] Council Agr Res & Econ, Forestry Res Ctr, I-52100 Arezzo, Italy. [Eddy, William C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Enquist, Brian J.; Henderson, Amanda] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Estiarte, Marc; Peuelas, Josep] CSIC, Global Ecol Unit, CREAF, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08193, Spain. [Estiarte, Marc; Peuelas, Josep] CREAF, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08193, Spain. [Harte, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Harte, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Johnson, Bart R.] Univ Oregon, Dept Landscape Architecture, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Larsen, Klaus Steenberg; Schmidt, Inger K.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark. [Pfeifer-Meister, Laurel] Univ Oregon, Environm Sci Inst, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Strong, Aaron L.] Stanford Univ, Emmett Interdisciplinary Program Environm & Reso, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Suseela, Vidya] Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Tietema, Albert] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Carey, JC; Tang, JW (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, Ecosyst Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Tang, Jianwu/K-6798-2014; Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014; Emmett, Bridget/D-6199-2011; Allison, Steven/E-2978-2010; OI Tang, Jianwu/0000-0003-2498-9012; Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892; Emmett, Bridget/0000-0002-2713-4389; Allison, Steven/0000-0003-4629-7842; de Dato, Giovanbattista D./0000-0003-0289-1727 FU US Geological Survey (USGS) John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis Award [G13AC00193]; USGS LandCarbon Program; European Research Council Synergy Grant [ERC-SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE-P]; Spanish Government Grant [CGL2013-48074-P]; Catalan Government Grant [SGR 2014-274]; EC [227628]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-09ER604719, DE-FG02-07ER64456]; Marie Sklodowska Curie; British Ecological Society; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-1234162, DEB-1242531, NSF DEB-1120064] FX We thank Jill Baron and other Powell Center staff for their support and encouragement for this research. This work was primarily funded by the US Geological Survey (USGS) John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis Award G13AC00193 (to J.T., P.H.T., and K.D.K.). Additional support for J.C.C. was provided by the USGS LandCarbon Program. J.P. and M.E. acknowledge the financial support from the European Research Council Synergy Grant ERC-SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE-P, the Spanish Government Grant CGL2013-48074-P, and the Catalan Government Grant SGR 2014-274. B.E., S.R., G.d.D., K.S.L., I.K.S., and A.T. acknowledge the Integrated Network on Climate Research Activities on Shrubland Ecosystems infrastructural project funded by the EC FP7-Infrastructure-2008-1 Grant Agreement 227628. S.B., B.R.J., L.P.-M., and L.L.R. were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, US Department of Energy, Grant DE-FG02-09ER604719. T.W.C. was supported by a grant from Marie Sklodowska Curie and the British Ecological Society. P.B.R. and W.C.E. acknowledge the financial support by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, US Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-07ER64456, and the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB-1234162), Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology (DEB-1242531), and Ecosystem Sciences (NSF DEB-1120064) Programs. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 51 U2 51 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 29 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 48 BP 13797 EP 13802 DI 10.1073/pnas.160536511 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ED4QR UT WOS:000388835700075 PM 27849609 ER PT J AU Jara, RF Wydeven, AP Samuel, MD AF Jara, Rocio F. Wydeven, Adrian P. Samuel, Michael D. TI Gray Wolf Exposure to Emerging Vector-Borne Diseases in Wisconsin with Comparison to Domestic Dogs and Humans SO PLoS One LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; LYME-DISEASE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; UNITED-STATES; ANAPLASMA-PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; RHIPICEPHALUS-SANGUINEUS; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; HUMAN INFECTION; CANIS-LUPUS AB World-wide concern over emerging vector-borne diseases has increased in recent years for both animal and human health. In the United Sates, concern about vector-borne diseases in canines has focused on Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, and heartworm which infect domestic and wild canids. Of these diseases, Lyme and anaplasmosis are also frequently diagnosed in humans. Gray wolves (Canis lupus) recolonized Wisconsin in the 1970s, and we evaluated their temporal and geographic patterns of exposure to these four vector-borne diseases in Wisconsin as the population expanded between 1985 and 2011. A high proportion of the Wisconsin wolves were exposed to the agents that cause Lyme (65.6%) and anaplasma (47.7%), and a smaller proportion to ehrlichiosis (5.7%) and infected with heartworm (9.2%). Wolf exposure to tick borne diseases was consistently higher in older animals. Wolf exposure was markedly higher than domestic dog (Canis familiaris) exposure for all 4 disease agents during 2001-2013. We found a cluster of wolf exposure to Borrelia burgdorferi in northwestern Wisconsin, which overlaps human and domestic dog clusters for the same pathogen. In addition, wolf exposure to Lyme disease in Wisconsin has increased, corresponding with the increasing human incidence of Lyme disease in a similar time period. Despite generally high prevalence of exposure none of these diseases appear to have slowed the growth of the Wisconsin wolf population. C1 [Jara, Rocio F.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Wydeven, Adrian P.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Ashland, WI USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jara, Rocio F.] Univ North Texas, Subantarctic Biocultural Conservat Program, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX USA. [Wydeven, Adrian P.] Northland Coll, Timber Wolf Alliance, Ashland, WI USA. RP Samuel, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdsamuel@wisc.edu FU Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Geological Survey; Chilean National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT - Spanish acronym); Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison FX We thank the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources for funding. This research was also funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Chilean National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT - Spanish acronym), which provided a graduate fellowship to RJ. The Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, provided funds for publication. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 29 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 11 AR e0165836 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0165836 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE3FU UT WOS:000389474000003 PM 27898670 ER PT J AU Rangoonwala, A Jones, CE Ramsey, E AF Rangoonwala, Amina Jones, Cathleen E. Ramsey, Elijah, III TI Wetland shoreline recession in the Mississippi River Delta from petroleum oiling and cyclonic storms SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; WATER-HORIZON SPILL; SALT-MARSH GRASS; LOUISIANA; STABILITY; GROWTH; IMAGES; SAR AB We evaluate the relative impact of petroleum spill and storm surge on near-shore wetland loss by quantifying the lateral movement of coastal shores in upper Barataria Bay, Louisiana (USA), between June 2009 and October 2012, a study period that extends from the year prior to the Deepwater Horizon spill to 2.5 years following the spill. We document a distinctly different pattern of shoreline loss in the 2 years following the spill, both from that observed in the year prior to the spill, during which there was no major cyclonic storm, and from change related to Hurricane Isaac, which made landfall in August 2012. Shoreline erosion following oiling was far more spatially extensive and included loss in areas protected from wave-induced erosion. We conclude that petroleum exposure can substantially increase shoreline recession particularly in areas protected from storm-induced degradation and disproportionally alters small oil-exposed barrier islands relative to natural erosion. C1 [Rangoonwala, Amina; Ramsey, Elijah, III] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. [Jones, Cathleen E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Jones, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA.; Jones, CE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM cathleen.e.jones@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) [11-TE11-104]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; NASA FX We thank Francis Fields, Jr., of the Apache Louisiana Minerals LLC, a subsidiary of Apache Corporation, and Jeff Deblieux IV of the Louisiana Land and Exploration Company, a subsidiary of Conoco Phillips, for access to their properties. We are indebted to the late Clint Jeske of the U.S. Geological Survey for his invaluable assistance in field reconnaissance. We thank Liviu Giosan, Paul Siqueira, and John Shaw for their insightful reviews. Research was supported in part by the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) grant #11-TE11-104 and carried out in collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. UAVSAR data are provided courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech. The data used in this study are listed in the supporting information and downloadable from uavsar.jpl.nasa.gov or asf.alaska.edu. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 22 BP 11652 EP 11660 DI 10.1002/2016GL070624 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EJ4SV UT WOS:000393208100021 ER PT J AU Faison, EK DeStefano, S Foster, DR Rapp, JM Compton, JA AF Faison, Edward K. DeStefano, Stephen Foster, David R. Rapp, Joshua M. Compton, Justin A. TI Multiple Browsers Structure Tree Recruitment in Logged Temperate Forests SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; UNGULATE BROWSERS; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; MOOSE; DIVERSITY; IMPACT; REGENERATION; MANAGEMENT; PENNSYLVANIA AB Historical extirpations have resulted in depauperate large herbivore assemblages in many northern forests. In eastern North America, most forests are inhabited by a single wild ungulate species, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and relationships between deer densities and impacts on forest regeneration are correspondingly well documented. Recent recolonizations by moose (Alces americanus) in northeastern regions complicate established deer density thresholds and predictions of browsing impacts on forest dynamics because size and foraging differences between the two animals suggest a lack of functional redundancy. We asked to what extent low densities of deer + moose would structure forest communities differently from that of low densities of deer in recently logged patch cuts of Massachusetts, USA. In each site, a randomized block with three treatment levels of large herbivores-no-ungulates (full exclosure), deer (partial exclosure), and deer + moose (control) was established. After 6-7 years, deer + moose reduced stem densities and basal area by 2-3-fold, Prunus pensylvanica and Quercus spp. recruitment by 3-6 fold, and species richness by 1.7 species (19%). In contrast, in the partial exclosures, deer had non-significant effects on stem density, basal area, and species composition, but significantly reduced species richness by 2.5 species on average (28%). Deer browsing in the partial exclosure was more selective than deer + moose browsing together, perhaps contributing to the decline in species richness in the former treatment and the lack of additional decline in the latter. Moose used the control plots at roughly the same frequency as deer (as determined by remote camera traps), suggesting that the much larger moose was the dominant browser species in terms of animal biomass in these cuts. A lack of functional redundancy with respect to foraging behavior between sympatric large herbivores may explain combined browsing effects that were both large and complex. C1 [Faison, Edward K.] Highstead Fdn, Redding, CT 06896 USA. [DeStefano, Stephen] Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Foster, David R.; Rapp, Joshua M.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA USA. [Compton, Justin A.] Springfield Coll, Springfield, MA USA. RP Faison, EK (reprint author), Highstead Fdn, Redding, CT 06896 USA. EM efaison@highstead.net FU NSF [DEB 1237491, DEB 0620443]; Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation; Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Unit Program; Highstead Foundation; Harvard Forest FX This project was funded by NSF grant # DEB 1237491: HFR LTER V: New Science, Synthesis, Scholarship, and Strategic Vision for Society; NSF grant # DEB 0620443: LTER IV: Integrated Studies of the Drivers, Dynamics, and Consequences of Landscape Change in New England. Additional support was provided by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Unit Program, Highstead Foundation, and Harvard Forest. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 28 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 11 AR e0166783 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0166783 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE3FE UT WOS:000389472400045 PM 27893758 ER PT J AU Zhu, QA Peng, CH Liu, JX Jiang, H Fang, XQ Chen, H Niu, ZG Gong, P Lin, GH Wang, M Wang, H Yang, YZ Chang, J Ge, Y Xiang, WH Deng, XW He, JS AF Zhu, Qiuan Peng, Changhui Liu, Jinxun Jiang, Hong Fang, Xiuqin Chen, Huai Niu, Zhenguo Gong, Peng Lin, Guanghui Wang, Meng Wang, Han Yang, Yanzheng Chang, Jie Ge, Ying Xiang, Wenhua Deng, Xiangwen He, Jin-Sheng TI Climate-driven increase of natural wetland methane emissions offset by human-induced wetland reduction in China over the past three decades SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ACCURACY; MODEL AB Both anthropogenic activities and climate change can affect the biogeochemical processes of natural wetland methanogenesis. Quantifying possible impacts of changing climate and wetland area on wetland methane (CH4) emissions in China is important for improving our knowledge on CH4 budgets locally and globally. However, their respective and combined effects are uncertain. We incorporated changes in wetland area derived from remote sensing into a dynamic CH4 model to quantify the human and climate change induced contributions to natural wetland CH4 emissions in China over the past three decades. Here we found that human-induced wetland loss contributed 34.3% to the CH4 emissions reduction (0.92 TgCH(4)), and climate change contributed 20.4% to the CH4 emissions increase (0.31 TgCH(4)), suggesting that decreasing CH4 emissions due to human-induced wetland reductions has offset the increasing climate-driven CH4 emissions. With climate change only, temperature was a dominant controlling factor for wetland CH4 emissions in the northeast (high latitude) and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (high altitude) regions, whereas precipitation had a considerable influence in relative arid north China. The inevitable uncertainties caused by the asynchronous for different regions or periods due to interannual or seasonal variations among remote sensing images should be considered in the wetland CH4 emissions estimation. C1 [Zhu, Qiuan; Peng, Changhui; Wang, Meng; Wang, Han; Yang, Yanzheng] Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Qiuan; Peng, Changhui] Univ Quebec, Inst Environm Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Montreal H3C 3P8, PQ, Canada. [Liu, Jinxun] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jiang, Hong] Nanjing Univ, Int Inst Earth Syst Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Fang, Xiuqin] Hohai Univ, Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Chen, Huai] Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. [Niu, Zhenguo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Gong, Peng; Lin, Guanghui] Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ Earth Syst Modeling, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Chang, Jie; Ge, Ying] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Xiang, Wenhua; Deng, Xiangwen] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Natl Engn Lab Appl Technol Forestry Ecol South Ch, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China. [He, Jin-Sheng] Peking Univ, Dept Ecol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, QA; Peng, CH (reprint author), Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China.; Zhu, QA; Peng, CH (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Inst Environm Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Montreal H3C 3P8, PQ, Canada. EM qiuan.zhu@gmail.com; peng.changhui@uqam.ca RI Chen, Huai/A-7418-2015 OI Chen, Huai/0000-0001-6208-1481 FU National Basic Research Programme of China [2013CB956602]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41571081, 41201079]; Programme of NCET [Z111021401]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant FX This study was funded by the National Basic Research Programme of China (2013CB956602), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571081, 41201079), the Programme of NCET (Z111021401), and a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 28 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 38020 DI 10.1038/srep38020 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ED0YP UT WOS:000388570500001 PM 27892535 ER PT J AU Qi, HP Coplen, TB Jordan, JA AF Qi, Haiping Coplen, Tyler B. Jordan, James A. TI Three whole-wood isotopic reference materials, USGS54, USGS55, and USGS56, for delta H-2, delta O-18, delta C-13, and delta N-15 measurements SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Whole wood; Hydrogen isotope; Oxygen isotope; Carbon isotope; Nitrogen isotope ID RATIO MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC REFERENCE MATERIALS; LIGNIN METHOXYL GROUPS; STABLE HYDROGEN; NONEXCHANGEABLE HYDROGEN; TREE-RINGS; CELLULOSE; OXYGEN; CARBON; VALUES AB Comparative measurements of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in wood are hampered by the lack of proper reference materials (RMs). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has prepared three powdered, whole-wood RMs, USGS54 (Pinus contorta, Canadian lodgepole pine), USGS55 (Cordia cf. dodecandra, Mexican ziricote), and USGS56 (Berchemia cf. zeyheri, South African red ivorywood). The stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen in these RMs span ranges as delta H-2(VSMOW) from -150.4 to -28.2 mUr or %, as delta O-18(VSMOW) from + 17.79 to + 27.23 mUr, as delta C-13(VPDB) from -27.13 to -24.34 mUr, and as delta N-15(AIR-N2) from -2.42 to + 1.8 mUr. These RMs will enable users to normalize measurements of wood samples to isotope-delta scales, and they are intended primarily for the normalization of delta H-2 and delta O-18 measurements of unknown wood samples. However, they also are suitable for normalization of stable isotope measurements of carbon and nitrogen in wood samples. In addition, these RMs are suitable for inter-laboratory calibration for the dual-water suilibration procedure for the measurements of delta 2H(VSMOW) values of non-exchangeable hydrogen. The isotopic compositions with 1-sigma uncertainties, mass fractions of each element, and fractions of exchangeable hydrogen of these materials are: USGS54 (Pinus contorta, Canadian Lodgepole pine) delta H-2(VSMOW) = - 150.4 +/- 1.1 mUr (n = 29), hydrogen mass fraction = 6.00 +/- 0.04 % (n = 10) Fraction of exchangeable hydrogen = 5.4 +/- 0.6 % (n = 29) delta O-18(VSMOW) = + 17.79 +/- 0.15 mUr (n = 18), oxygen mass fraction = 40.4 +/- 0.2 % (n = 6) delta C-13(VPDB) = -24.43 +/- 0.02 mUr (n = 18), carbon mass fraction = 48.3 +/- 0.4 % (n = 12) delta N-15(AIR-N2) = -2.42 +/- 0.32 mUr (n = 17), nitrogen mass fraction = 0.05 % (n = 4) USGS55 (Cordia cf. dodecandra, Mexican ziricote) delta H-2(VSMOW) = -28.2 +/- 1.7 mUr (n = 30), hydrogen mass fraction = 5.65 +/- 0.06 % (n = 10) Fraction of exchangeable hydrogen = 4.1 +/- 0.5 % (n = 30) delta O-18(VSMOW) = + 19.12 +/- 0.07 mUr (n = 18), oxygen mass fraction = 35.3 +/- 0.2 % (n = 6) delta C-13(VPDB) = -27.13 +/- 0.02 mUr (n = 18), carbon mass fraction = 53.3 +/- 0.6 % (n = 12) delta N-15(AIR-N2) = -0.3 +/- 0.4 mUr (n = 16), nitrogen mass fraction = 0.25 % (n = 4) USGS56 (Berchemia cf. zeyheri, South African red ivorywood) delta H-2(VSMOW) = -44.0 +/- 1.8 mUr (n = 30), hydrogen mass fraction = 5.65 +/- 0.05 % (n = 10) Fraction of exchangeable hydrogen = 6.6 +/- 0.3 % (n = 30) delta O-18(VSMOW) = + 27.23 +/- 0.03 mUr (n = 12), oxygen mass fraction = 41.1 +/- 0.2 % (n = 6) delta C-13(VPDB) = -24.34 +/- 0.01 mUr (n = 12), carbon mass fraction = 47.3 +/- 0.2 % (n = 12) delta N-15(AIR-N2) = + 1.8 +/- 0.4 mUr (n = 15), nitrogen mass fraction = 0.27 % (n = 4) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Qi, Haiping; Coplen, Tyler B.; Jordan, James A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Qi, HP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM haipingq@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX We thank Ed Espinoza, Gabriela Chavarria, and Michael Bates (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ashland, Oregon, USA) and Alex C. Wiedenhoeft (U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Forest Service Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA) for wood-species identification. This manuscript has benefited from careful reviews by Jorge E. Spangenberg (Institute of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland) and Cristian Gudasz (Dept. of Ecology and Evolution Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden). The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this report possible. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD NOV 28 PY 2016 VL 442 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.07.017 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EA3QD UT WOS:000386517900005 ER PT J AU Arimitsu, ML Piatt, JF Mueter, F AF Arimitsu, Mayumi L. Piatt, John F. Mueter, Franz TI Influence of glacier runoff on ecosystem structure in Gulf of Alaska fjords SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Glacier; Freshwater; Turbidity; Inorganic nutrients; Chlorophyll a; Copepod; Euphausiid; Forage fish; Seabird; Generalized least squares; Boosted regression trees ID CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; LOWER COOK INLET; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; FRESH-WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; 20-1ST CENTURY; FORAGE FISHES; CHLOROPHYLL-A AB To better understand the influence of glacier runoff on fjord ecosystems, we sampled oceanographic conditions, nutrients, zooplankton, forage fish and seabirds within 4 fjords in coastal areas of the Gulf Alaska. We used generalized additive models and geostatistics to identify the range of glacier runoff influence into coastal waters within fjords of varying estuarine influence and topographic complexity. We also modeled the response of depth-integrated chlorophyll a concentration, copepod biomass, fish and seabird abundance to physical, nutrient and biotic predictor variables. The effects of glacial runoff were traced at least 10 km into coastal fjords by cold, turbid, stratified and generally nutrient-rich near-surface conditions. Glacially modified physical gradients, nutrient availability and among-fjord differences explained 67% of the variation in phytoplankton abundance, which is a driver of ecosystem structure at higher trophic levels. Copepod, euphausiid, fish and seabird distribution and abundance were related to environmental gradients that could be traced to glacial freshwater input, particularly turbidity and temperature. Seabird density was predicted by prey availability and silicate concentrations, which may be a proxy for upwelling areas where this nutrient is in excess. Similarities in ecosystem structure among fjords were attributable to an influx of cold, fresh and sediment-laden water, whereas differences were likely related to fjord topography and local differences in estuarine vs. ocean influence. We anticipate that continued changes in the timing and volume of glacial runoff will ultimately alter coastal ecosystems in the future. C1 [Arimitsu, Mayumi L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 250 Egan Dr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Piatt, John F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Mueter, Franz] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Arimitsu, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 250 Egan Dr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM marimitsu@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area, Environments Program; Glacier Bay National Park; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX This work was possible because of funding and support from the US Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area, Environments Program, Glacier Bay National Park and National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. L. Eisner, N. Hillgruber, G. Eckert, M. Romano, A. Allyn, D. Irons, E. Madison and B. Heflin were instrumental during the planning, data collection and processing phase. We thank captain Greg Snedgen (USGS R/V 'Alaskan Gyre') and Dan Foley (F/V 'Steller') along with their crews. We also appreciate help in the field from J. Douglas, G. Drew, J. King, N. Naslund, L. Nussman, L. Parker, E. Piatt, J. Reum, S. Scott, and K. Weersing. We appreciate comments by L. Etherington (NPS), E. Hood (UAS), A. Beaudreau (UAF) and 3 anonymous reviewers on earlier versions of this manuscript. Use of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the US government. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD NOV 24 PY 2016 VL 560 BP 19 EP 40 DI 10.3354/meps11888 PG 22 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EF1SK UT WOS:000390104900002 ER PT J AU Dunham, K Grand, JB AF Dunham, Kylee Grand, James B. TI Effects of model complexity and priors on estimation using sequential importance sampling/resampling for species conservation SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE State-space models; Sequential Monte Carlo; Particle filter; Kernel smoothing; Bayesian; Population dynamics ID STATE-SPACE MODELS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS MODELS; WILD ANIMAL POPULATIONS; PARAMETER; INFERENCE; REPRODUCTION; ABUNDANCE; COUNT; BIRDS AB We examined the effects of complexity and priors on the accuracy of models used to estimate ecological and observational processes, and to make predictions regarding population size and structure. State-space models are useful for estimating complex, unobservable population processes and making predictions about future populations based on limited data. To better understand the utility of state space models in evaluating population dynamics, we used them in a Bayesian framework and compared the accuracy of models with differing complexity, with and without informative priors using sequential importance sampling/resampling (SISR). Count data were simulated for 25 years using known parameters and observation process for each model. We used kernel smoothing to reduce the effect of particle depletion, which is common when estimating both states and parameters with SISR. Models using informative priors estimated parameter values and population size with greater accuracy than their non-informative counterparts. While the estimates of population size and trend did not suffer greatly in models using non-informative priors, the algorithm was unable to accurately estimate demographic parameters. This model framework provides reasonable estimates of population size when little to no information is available; however, when information on some vital rates is available, SISR can be used to obtain more precise estimates of population size and process. Incorporating model complexity such as that required by structured populations with stage-specific vital rates affects precision and accuracy when estimating latent population variables and predicting population dynamics. These results are important to consider when designing monitoring programs and conservation efforts requiring management of specific population segments. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dunham, Kylee] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Grand, James B.] Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Dunham, K (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM kzd0024@auburn.edu; grandjb@auburn.edu FU USFWS Alaska Region - Fairbanks Field Office and Migratory Bird Management; Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Auburn University FX We would like to thank the USFWS Alaska Region - Fairbanks Field Office and Migratory Bird Management, Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and Auburn University for project funding. More specifically, we thank Ted Swem, Julian Fischer, Tuula Hollmen, and David Safine for their assistance in procuring the funding. In addition, we thank Orin Robinson, Conor McGowan, Todd Steury, Carolyn Moore, and Stephen Dobson for providing helpful comments which have greatly improved this manuscript. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 24 PY 2016 VL 340 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.08.010 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EA2DS UT WOS:000386403600003 ER PT J AU Chian, D Jackson, HR Hutchinson, DR Shimeld, JW Oakey, GN Lebedeva-Ivanova, N Li, Q Saltus, RW Mosher, DC AF Chian, D. Jackson, H. R. Hutchinson, D. R. Shimeld, J. W. Oakey, G. N. Lebedeva-Ivanova, N. Li, Q. Saltus, R. W. Mosher, D. C. TI Distribution of crustal types in Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; Wide angle reflection/refraction; Oceanic crust; Canada Basin; Potential field data; Seismic reflection ID LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCE; IBERIA ABYSSAL-PLAIN; SEISMIC-REFRACTION PROFILES; QUEEN-ELIZABETH-ISLANDS; POOR RIFTED MARGINS; CONTINENT TRANSITION; AMERASIA BASIN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; BEAUFORT SEA; TECTONIC DEVELOPMENT AB Seismic velocities determined from 70 sonobuoys widely distributed in Canada Basin were used to discriminate crustal types. Velocities of oceanic layer 3 (6.7-7.1 km/s), transitional (7.2-7.6 km/s) and continental crust (5.5-6.6 knits) were used to distinguish crustal types. Potential field data supports the distribution of oceanic crust as a polygon with maximum dimensions of similar to 340 km (east-west) by similar to 590 km (north-south) and identification of the ocean-continent boundary (OCB). Paired magnetic anomalies are associated only with crust that has oceanic velocities. Furthermore, the interpreted top of oceanic crust on seismic reflection profiles is more irregular and sometimes shallower than adjacent transitional crust. The northern segment of the narrow Canada Basin Gravity Low (CBGL), often interpreted as a spreading center, bisects this zone of oceanic crust and coincides with the location of a prominent valley in seismic reflection profiles. Data coverage near the southern segment of CBGL is sparse. Velocities typical of transitional crust are determined east of it. Extension in this region, close to the inferred pole of rotation, may have been amagmatic. Offshore Alaska is a wide zone of thinned continental crust up to 300 km across. Published longer offset refraction experiments in the Basin confirm the depth to Moho and the lack of oceanic layer 3 velocities. Further north, toward Alpha Ridge and along Northwind Ridge, transitional crust is interpreted to be underplated or intruded by magmatism related to the emplacement of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP). Although a rotational plate tectonic model is consistent with the extent of the conjugate magnetic anomalies that occupy only a portion of Canada Basin, it does not explain the asymmetrical configuration of the oceanic crust in the deep water portion of Canada Basin, and the unequal distribution of transitional and continental crust around the basin. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jackson, H. R.; Shimeld, J. W.; Oakey, G. N.; Li, Q.; Mosher, D. C.] Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, 1 Challenger Dr Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Hutchinson, D. R.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lebedeva-Ivanova, N.] Univ Oslo, CEED, POB 1028, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. [Saltus, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Chian, D.] Chian Consulting, 6238 Regina Terrace, Halifax, NS B3H 1N5, Canada. RP Chian, D (reprint author), Chian Consulting, 6238 Regina Terrace, Halifax, NS B3H 1N5, Canada. EM deping.chian@gmail.com FU Geological Survey of Canada as part of the Canada's Extended Continental Slope (ECS) Program; U.S. Geological Survey as part of the U.S. ECS Project FX The officers and crews of the CCGS Louis S. St Laurent and the USCGC Healy are thanked for their tireless efforts in the ice choked waters of the Arctic Ocean in support of the scientific program. The experience, skill and unflagging support of the seagoing technical team lead by Borden Chapman were the key to the success of the program. Funding for this work was provided through the Geological Survey of Canada as part of the Canada's Extended Continental Slope (ECS) Program. This is ESS contribution no. 20150409. Funding for this work was also provided in part through the U.S. Geological Survey as part of the U.S. ECS Project. This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with U.S. Geological Survey Fundamental Science Practices (http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367/). Trade names are used for descriptive purposes only and do not imply endorsement by either the U.S. Geological Survey or the Geological Survey of Canada. NR 97 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD NOV 22 PY 2016 VL 691 SI SI BP 8 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2016.01.038 PN A PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EE2CI UT WOS:000389390900002 ER PT J AU Oakey, GN Saltus, RW AF Oakey, G. N. Saltus, R. W. TI Geophysical analysis of the Alpha-Mendeleev ridge complex: Characterization of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Alpha Ridge; Mendeleev Ridge; High Arctic Large Igneous Province; Magnetic domain ID SOUTHERN INDIAN-OCEAN; GIANT DYKE SWARMS; FRANZ JOSEF LAND; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; MANTLE PLUMES; AMERASIA BASIN; SVERDRUP BASIN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; FLOOD BASALTS; CANADA BASIN AB The Alpha-Mendeleev ridge complex is a first-order physiographic and geological feature of the Arctic Amerasia Basin. High amplitude "chaotic" magnetic anomalies (the High Arctic Magnetic High Domain or HAMH) are associated with the complex and extend beyond the bathymetric high beneath the sediment cover of the adjacent Canada and Makarov-Podvodnikov basins. Residual marine Bouguer gravity anomalies over the ridge complex have low amplitudes implying that the structure has minimal lateral density variability. A closed pseudogravity (magnetic potential) contour around the ridge complex quantifies the aerial extent of the HAMH at similar to 13 x 10(6) km(2). We present 2D gravity/magnetic models for transects across the Alpha Ridge portion of the complex constrained with recently acquired seismic reflection and refraction data. The crustal structure is modeled with a simple three-layer geometry. Large induced and remanent magnetization components were required to fit the observed magnetic anomalies. Density values for the models were based on available seismic refraction P-wave velocities. The 3000 kg/m(3) lower crustal layer is interpreted as a composite of the original crustal protolith and deep (ultramafic) plutonic intrusions related to a plume sourced (High Arctic) LIP. The 2900 kg/m(3) mid-crustal and 2600 kg/m(3) upper-crustal layers are interpreted as the combined effect of sills, dikes, and flows. Volumetric estimates of the volcanic composition include (at least) 6 x 10(6) km(3) for the mid- and upper-crust and between 13 x 10(6) and 17 x 10(6) km(3) within the lower crust - for a total of similar to 20 x 10(6) km(3). We compare the magnetic structure, pseudogravity, and volumetric estimates for the HAMH portion of the HALIP with global large igneous province analogs and discuss implications for Arctic tectonics. Our results show that the closest analog to the HAMH/HALIP is the Kerguelen Plateau, which is considered a continental plateau intensively modified by plume-related volcanism. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Oakey, G. N.] Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, PO 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Saltus, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 964,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Saltus, R. W.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Oakey, GN (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, PO 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM Gordon.Oakey@Canada.ca FU Extended Continental Shelf (ECS) mapping programs of the Canadian; U.S. Governments FX We are grateful for administrative, financial, and technical support from the Extended Continental Shelf (ECS) mapping programs of the Canadian and U.S. Governments, and for extensive discussions with our colleagues at the Geological Survey of Canada, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Careful reviews and constructive criticism by three anonymous reviewers and by the volume editor(s) have significantly improved this paper. We would also like to thank Victoria Pease and the "Circum-Arctic Lithosphere Evolution" (CALE) working group for the opportunity to present preliminary versions of this work at various workshops and conference sessions. Earth Sciences Sector (ESS) contribution number 20160143. NR 121 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD NOV 22 PY 2016 VL 691 SI SI BP 65 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2016.08.005 PN A PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EE2CI UT WOS:000389390900005 ER PT J AU Moore, TE Box, SE AF Moore, Thomas E. Box, Stephen E. TI Age, distribution and style of deformation in Alaska north of 60 degrees N: Implications for assembly of Alaska SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Arctic tectonics; Cordilleran tectonics; Deformation; Structural evolution; Terranes ID EAST-CENTRAL ALASKA; CENTRAL BROOKS RANGE; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; YUKON-TANANA TERRANE; DETRITAL ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY; WRANGELLIA COMPOSITE TERRANE; FISSION-TRACK EVIDENCE; DENALI FAULT SYSTEM; ST-ELIAS OROGEN; CHUGACH METAMORPHIC COMPLEX AB The structural architecture of Alaska is the product of a complex history of deformation along both the Cordilleran and Arctic margins of North America involving oceanic plates, subduction zones and strike-slip faults and with continental elements of Laurentia, Baltica, and Siberia. We use geological constraints to assign regions of deformation to 14 time intervals and to map their distributions in Alaska. Alaska can be divided into three domains with differing deformational histories. Each domain includes a crustal fragment that originated near Early Paleozoic Baltica. The Northern domain experienced the Early Cretaceous Brookian orogeny, an oceanic arc-continent collision, followed by mid-Cretaceous extension. Early Cretaceous opening of the oceanic Canada Basin rifted the orogen from the Canadian Arctic margin, producing the bent trends of the orogen. The second (Southern) domain consists of Neoproterozoic and younger crust of the amalgamated Peninsular-Wrangellia-Alexander arc terrane and its paired Mesozoic accretionary prism facing the Pacific Ocean basin. The third (Interior) domain, situated between the first two domains and roughly bounded by the Cenozoic dextral Denali and Tintina faults, includes the large continental Yukon Composite and Farewell terranes having different Permian deformational episodes. Although a shared deformation that might mark their juxtaposition by collisional processes is unrecognized, sedimentary linkage between the two terranes and depositional overlap of the boundary with the Northern domain occurred by early Late Cretaceous. Late Late Cretaceous deformation is the first deformation shared by all three domains and correlates temporally with emplacement of the Southern domain against the remainder of Alaska. Early Cenozoic shortening is mild across interior Alaska but is significant in the Brooks Range, and correlates in time with dextral faulting, ridge subduction and counter-clockwise rotation of southern Alaska. Late Cenozoic shortening is significant in southern Alaska inboard of the underthrusting Yakutat terrane at the Pacific margin and in northeastern Alaska. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Moore, Thomas E.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Box, Stephen E.] US Geol Survey, Spokane, WA 99201 USA. RP Box, SE (reprint author), 904 West Riverside Ave, Spokane, WA 99201 USA. EM tmoore@usgs.gov; sbox@usgs.gov FU Commission for the Geologic Map of the World (CGMW); USGS Energy and Mineral Resources Programs FX The analysis presented in this paper is an outgrowth of the Tectonic Map of the Arctic (TeMAr) Project under the auspices of the Commission for the Geologic Map of the World (CGMW). We are deeply indebted to our mentors and colleagues of Alaska geology for their observations, descriptions, maps, and publications on which this compilation was built. Discussions with Dwight Bradley, Keith Dewing, Cynthia Dusel-Bacon, David Houseknecht, Warren Nokleberg, Chris Potter, Sarah Roeske, Richard Stanley, Alison Till and Wes Wallace provided additional information that improved our understanding of key points. Reviews by Robert Hildebrand, USGS reviewers Potter and Nokleberg, journal reviewers Keith Dewing, Elizabeth Miller, Terry Pavlis, and Sarah Roeske, and editor Larry Lane contributed significantly to the accuracy and presentation of the manuscript. We thank the USGS Energy and Mineral Resources Programs for funding, managers Brenda Pierce, Larry Meinert, Peter Little, Chris Schenk, Colin Williams and USGS Director Suzette Kimball for their support of this work. Construction of the underlying GIS database by Zenon Valin was invaluable and is greatly appreciated. NR 301 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD NOV 22 PY 2016 VL 691 SI SI BP 133 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2016.06.025 PN A PG 38 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EE2CI UT WOS:000389390900010 ER PT J AU Markstrom, SL Hay, LE Clark, MP AF Markstrom, Steven L. Hay, Lauren E. Clark, Martyn P. TI Towards simplification of hydrologic modeling: identification of dominant processes SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COUPLED REACTION SYSTEMS; RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL; RATE COEFFICIENTS; IDENTIFIABILITY ANALYSIS; PARAMETER SENSITIVITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; CATCHMENT; UNCERTAINTIES; REGIONALIZATION AB The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), a distributed-parameter hydrologic model, has been applied to the conterminous US (CONUS). Parameter sensitivity analysis was used to identify: (1) the sensitive input parameters and (2) particular model output variables that could be associated with the dominant hydrologic process(es). Sensitivity values of 35 PRMS calibration parameters were computed using the Fourier amplitude sensitivity test procedure on 110 000 independent hydrologically based spatial modeling units covering the CONUS and then summarized to process (snowmelt, surface runoff, infiltration, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, interflow, baseflow, and runoff) and model performance statistic (mean, coefficient of variation, and autoregressive lag 1). Identified parameters and processes provide insight into model performance at the location of each unit and allow the modeler to identify the most dominant process on the basis of which processes are associated with the most sensitive parameters. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the choice of performance statistic and output variables has a strong influence on parameter sensitivity, (2) the apparent model complexity to the modeler can be reduced by focusing on those processes that are associated with sensitive parameters and disregarding those that are not, (3) different processes require different numbers of parameters for simulation, and (4) some sensitive parameters influence only one hydrologic process, while others may influence many. C1 [Markstrom, Steven L.; Hay, Lauren E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Clark, Martyn P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Markstrom, SL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM markstro@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PD NOV 22 PY 2016 VL 20 IS 11 BP 4655 EP 4671 DI 10.5194/hess-20-4655-2016 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EC5QQ UT WOS:000388191500001 ER PT J AU Carr, SA Mills, CT Mandernack, KW AF Carr, S. A. Mills, C. T. Mandernack, K. W. TI The use of amino acid indices for assessing organic matter quality and microbial abundance in deep-sea Antarctic sediments of IODP Expedition 318 SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Amino acids; Phospholipids; Organic carbon diagenesis; Microbial biomass ID MARINE SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; DIAGENETIC ALTERATION; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARABIAN SEA; CARBON; DEGRADATION; INDICATORS AB The Adelie Basin, located offshore of the Wilkes Land margin, experiences unusually high sedimentation rates (-2 cm yr(-1)) for the Antarctic coast. This study sought to compare depthwise changes in organic matter (OM) quantity and quality with changes in microbial biomass with depth at this high-deposition site and an offshore continental margin site. Sediments from both sites were collected during the International Ocean Drilling (IODP) Program Expedition 318. Viable microbial biomass was estimated from concentrations of bacterial-derived phospholipid fatty acids, while OM quality was assessed using four different amino acid degradation proxies. Concentrations of total hydrolysable amino acids (THAA) measured from the continental margin suggest an oligotrophic environment, with THAA concentrations representing only 2% of total organic carbon with relative proportions of non-protein amino acids p-alanine and gamma-aminobutyric acid as high as 40%. In contrast, THAA concentrations from the near-shore Adelie Basin represent 40%-60% of total organic carbon. Concentrations of p-alanine and gamma-aminobutyric acid were often below the detection limit and suggest that the OM of the basin as labile. DI values in surface sediments at the Adelie and margin sites were measured to be +0.78 and-0.76, reflecting labile and more recalcitrant OM, respectively. Greater DI values in deeper and more anoxic portions of both cores correlated positively with increased relative concentrations of phenylalanine plus tyrosine and may represent a change of redox conditions, rather than OM quality. This suggests that DI values calculated along chemical profiles should be interpreted with caution. THAA concentrations, the percentage of organic carbon (C-AA%) and total nitrogen (N-AA%) represented by amino acids at both sites demonstrated a significant positive correlation with bacterial abundance estimates. These data suggest that the selective degradation of amino acids, as indicated by THAA concentrations, C-AA% or N-AA% values may be a better proxy for describing the general changes in sedimentary bacterial abundances than total organic matter or bulk sedimentation rates. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Carr, S. A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Mills, C. T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mandernack, K. W.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Mandernack, KW (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM kevinman@iupui.edu FU Consortium for Ocean Leadership Program [OCE-0652316]; shipboard party of Expedition [318] FX This research used samples, data and post-cruise funding provided by the Consortium for Ocean Leadership Program (OCE-0652316). The authors thank the shipboard party of Expedition 318 for supporting this work, especially co-chief scientists Carlota Escutia and Henk Brinkhuis, Staff Scientist Adam Klaus, Rob Dunbar, and the geochemistry team: James Bendle, Christina van de Flierdt and Francisco J. Jimenez-Espejo. The authors would also like to thank David Burdige of Old Dominion University for his advice regarding amino acid analyses and editorial handling. We thank David Mucciarone for his help at the Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry Laboratory at Stanford University, Lin Li in the Department of Earth Sciences at Indiana Univesity-Purdue University Indianapolis for helpful advice on statistics and modeling and Alexander Roesner for figure assistance. We thank Stuart Wakeham, Janet Slate, and Craig Stricker, our anonymous reviewers for their advice and constructive reviews. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD NOV 20 PY 2016 VL 186 BP 72 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2016.08.002 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA ED8DC UT WOS:000389101200007 ER PT J AU Pennino, MJ Kaushal, SS Murthy, SN Blomquist, JD Cornwell, JC Harris, LA AF Pennino, Michael J. Kaushal, Sujay S. Murthy, Sudhir N. Blomquist, Joel D. Cornwell, Jeff C. Harris, Lora A. TI Sources and transformations of anthropogenic nitrogen along an urban river-estuarine continuum SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; DISSOLVED INORGANIC NITROGEN; COASTAL-PLAIN ESTUARY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NITRATE SOURCES; SALINITY GRADIENT; POTOMAC RIVER; DENITRIFICATION RATES; ORGANIC-CARBON; MARINE DIATOM AB Urbanization has altered the fate and transport of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) in rivers and estuaries globally. This study evaluates the capacity of an urbanizing river-estuarine continuum to transform N inputs from the world's largest advanced (e.g., phosphorus and biological N removal) wastewater treatment facility. Effluent samples and surface water were collected monthly along the Potomac River estuary from Washington D.C. to the Chesapeake Bay over a distance of 150 km. In conjunction with box model mass balances, nitrate stable isotopes and mixing models were used to trace the fate of urban wastewater nitrate. Nitrate concentrations and delta N-15-NO3- values were higher down-estuary from the Blue Plains wastewater outfall in Washington D.C. (2.25 +/- 0.62 mg L-1 and 25.7 +/- 2.9 %, respectively) compared to upper-estuary concentrations (1.0 +/- 0.2 mg L-1 and 9.3 +/- 1.4 %, respectively). Nitrate concentration then decreased rapidly within 30 km down-estuary (to 0.8 +/- 0.2 mg L-1), corresponding to an increase in organic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon, suggesting biotic uptake and organic transformation. TN loads declined down-estuary (from an annual average of 48 000 +/- 5000 kg day(-1) at the sewage treatment plant outfall to 23 000 +/- 13 000 kg day(-1)at the estuary mouth), with the greatest percentage decrease during summer and fall. Annually, there was a 70 +/- 31% loss in wastewater NO3- along the estuary, and 28 +/- 6% of urban wastewater TN inputs were exported to the Chesapeake Bay, with the greatest contribution of wastewater TN loads during the spring. Our results suggest that biological transformations along the urban riverestuary continuum can significantly transform wastewater N inputs from major cities globally, and more work is necessary to evaluate the potential of organic nitrogen and carbon to contribute to eutrophication and hypoxia. C1 [Pennino, Michael J.; Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pennino, Michael J.; Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Murthy, Sudhir N.] DC Water, Off Gen Manager, Washington, DC USA. [Blomquist, Joel D.] US Geol Survey, Maryland Delaware & Dist Columbia Water Sci Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. [Cornwell, Jeff C.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Harris, Lora A.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Pennino, Michael J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Pennino, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Pennino, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Pennino, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM michael.pennino@gmail.com RI Cornwell, Jeffrey/R-5506-2016 OI Cornwell, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7111-2489 FU Washington D.C. Water and Sewer Authority FX This research was supported by the Washington D.C. Water and Sewer Authority. We would like to thank Sally Bowen and Matt Hall from the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) for their assistance in collecting monthly water samples along the Potomac Estuary and David Brower at the US Geological Survey for help in collecting monthly river input samples for the Potomac River. We acknowledge the input provided by Lewis Linker and Ping Wang of the US EPA Chesapeake Bay Program's Modeling Team for providing simulated output from the CE QUAL ICEM model at three flux boundaries in the Potomac for comparison with our box model output. Gratitude is extended to Jeremy Testa for his suggestions regarding the box model effort. Tom Jordan also provided helpful suggestions. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 25 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PD NOV 18 PY 2016 VL 13 IS 22 BP 6211 EP 6228 DI 10.5194/bg-13-6211-2016 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA ED2RD UT WOS:000388695100001 ER PT J AU Jackson, ST Duke, CS Hampton, SE Jacobs, KL Joppa, LN Kassam, KAS Mooney, HA Ogden, LA Ruckelshaus, M Shogren, JF AF Jackson, Stephen T. Duke, Clifford S. Hampton, Stephanie E. Jacobs, Katharine L. Joppa, Lucas N. Kassam, Karim-Aly S. Mooney, Harold A. Ogden, Laura A. Ruckelshaus, Mary Shogren, Jason F. TI Toward a national, sustained US ecosystem assessment SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE ASSESSMENT; SERVICES C1 [Jackson, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.; Jacobs, Katharine L.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Duke, Clifford S.] Ecol Soc Amer, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Hampton, Stephanie E.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Joppa, Lucas N.] Microsoft Res, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Kassam, Karim-Aly S.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Mooney, Harold A.; Ruckelshaus, Mary] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ogden, Laura A.] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Shogren, Jason F.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Jackson, ST (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.; Jackson, ST (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM stjackson@usgs.gov RI Shogren, Jason/B-9771-2017; OI Shogren, Jason/0000-0003-3757-959X; Hampton, Stephanie/0000-0003-2389-4249 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 18 PY 2016 VL 354 IS 6314 BP 838 EP 839 DI 10.1126/science.aah5750 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ED0KR UT WOS:000388531900026 PM 27856870 ER PT J AU Gabrielli, P Barbante, C Bertagna, G Berto, M Binder, D Carton, A Carturan, L Cazorzi, F Cozzi, G Dalla Fontana, G Davis, M De Blasi, F Dinale, R Draga, G Dreossi, G Festi, D Frezzotti, M Gabrieli, J Galos, SP Ginot, P Heidenwolf, P Jenk, TM Kehrwald, N Kenny, D Magand, O Mair, V Mikhalenko, V Lin, PN Oeggl, K Piffer, G Rinaldi, M Schotterer, U Schwikowski, M Seppi, R Spolaor, A Stenni, B Tonidandel, D Uglietti, C Zagorodnov, V Zanoner, T Zennaro, P AF Gabrielli, Paolo Barbante, Carlo Bertagna, Giuliano Berto, Michele Binder, Daniel Carton, Alberto Carturan, Luca Cazorzi, Federico Cozzi, Giulio Dalla Fontana, Giancarlo Davis, Mary De Blasi, Fabrizio Dinale, Roberto Draga, Gianfranco Dreossi, Giuliano Festi, Daniela Frezzotti, Massimo Gabrieli, Jacopo Galos, Stephan P. Ginot, Patrick Heidenwolf, Petra Jenk, Theo M. Kehrwald, Natalie Kenny, Donald Magand, Olivier Mair, Volkmar Mikhalenko, Vladimir Lin, Ping Nan Oeggl, Klaus Piffer, Gianni Rinaldi, Mirko Schotterer, Ulrich Schwikowski, Margit Seppi, Roberto Spolaor, Andrea Stenni, Barbara Tonidandel, David Uglietti, Chiara Zagorodnov, Victor Zanoner, Thomas Zennaro, Piero TI Age of the Mt. Ortles ice cores, the Tyrolean Iceman and glaciation of the highest summit of South Tyrol since the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID MONT-BLANC ICE; ITALIAN ALPS; EUROPEAN ALPS; SWISS ALPS; HISTORICAL RECORD; ALPINE ICEMAN; GLACIER; SNOW; SWITZERLAND; CALIBRATION AB In 2011 four ice cores were extracted from the summit of Alto dell'Ortles (3859 m), the highest glacier of South Tyrol in the Italian Alps. This drilling site is located only 37 km southwest from where the Tyrolean Iceman, similar to 5.3 kyrs old, was discovered emerging from the ablating ice field of Tisenjoch (3210 m, near the Italian-Austrian border) in 1991. The excellent preservation of this mummy suggested that the Tyrolean Iceman was continuously embedded in prehistoric ice and that additional ancient ice was likely preserved elsewhere in South Tyrol. Dating of the ice cores from Alto dell'Ortles based on Pb-210, tritium, beta activity and C-14 determinations, combined with an empirical model (COPRA), provides evidence for a chronologically ordered ice stratigraphy from the modern glacier surface down to the bottom ice layers with an age of similar to 7 kyrs, which confirms the hypothesis. Our results indicate that the drilling site has continuously been glaciated on frozen bedrock since similar to 7 kyrs BP. Absence of older ice on the highest glacier of South Tyrol is consistent with the removal of basal ice from bedrock during the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum (6-9 kyrs BP), the warmest interval in the European Alps during the Holocene. Borehole inclinometric measurements of the current glacier flow combined with surface ground penetration radar (GPR) measurements indicate that, due to the sustained atmospheric warming since the 1980s, an acceleration of the glacier Alto dell'Ortles flow has just recently begun. Given the stratigraphic-chronological continuity of the Mt. Ortles cores over millennia, it can be argued that this behaviour has been unprecedented at this location since the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum. C1 [Gabrielli, Paolo; Bertagna, Giuliano; Davis, Mary; Kenny, Donald; Lin, Ping Nan; Zagorodnov, Victor] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar & Climate Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Gabrielli, Paolo] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Mendenhall Lab 275, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Barbante, Carlo; Berto, Michele; Cozzi, Giulio; Dreossi, Giuliano; Gabrieli, Jacopo; Spolaor, Andrea; Stenni, Barbara; Zennaro, Piero] Ca Foscari Univ Venice, Dept Environm Sci Informat & Stat, I-30170 Venice, Italy. [Barbante, Carlo; Cozzi, Giulio; Gabrieli, Jacopo] CNR, Ist Dinam Proc Ambientali, I-30170 Venice, Italy. [Barbante, Carlo] Accademia Nazl Lincei, I-00196 Rome, Italy. [Binder, Daniel] Cent Inst Meteorol & Geodynam ZAMG, Climate Res Sect, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. [Carton, Alberto; Zanoner, Thomas] Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Carturan, Luca; Dalla Fontana, Giancarlo; De Blasi, Fabrizio] Univ Padua, Dept Land Environm Agr & Forestry, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. [Cazorzi, Federico] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Sci Agroalimentari Ambientali & Anim, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dinale, Roberto] Prov Autonoma Bolzano, Ufficio Idrog, Bolzano, Italy. [Draga, Gianfranco] Geologin, I-39040 Varna, Italy. [Festi, Daniela; Heidenwolf, Petra; Oeggl, Klaus] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Bot, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Frezzotti, Massimo] ENEA, I-00196 Rome, Italy. [Galos, Stephan P.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Atmospher & Cryospher Sci, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Ginot, Patrick; Magand, Olivier] CNRS, LGGE, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Ginot, Patrick; Magand, Olivier] Univ Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Jenk, Theo M.; Schwikowski, Margit; Uglietti, Chiara] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Environm Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Kehrwald, Natalie] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mair, Volkmar; Tonidandel, David] Prov Autonoma Bolzano, Ufficio Geol & Prove Mat, I-39053 Kardano, Italy. [Mikhalenko, Vladimir] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Moscow 119017, Russia. [Piffer, Gianni; Rinaldi, Mirko] Waterstones Geomonitoring, I-39044 Egna, Italy. [Schotterer, Ulrich] Univ Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Seppi, Roberto] Univ Pavia, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RP Gabrielli, P (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar & Climate Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.; Gabrielli, P (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Mendenhall Lab 275, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM gabrielli.1@osu.edu RI Jenk, Theo/D-5777-2017; OI Jenk, Theo/0000-0001-6820-8615; Oeggl, Klaus/0000-0002-9107-0658; SEPPI, ROBERTO/0000-0003-1796-0596; Cazorzi, Federico/0000-0002-0771-8168 FU NSF [1060115, 1461422]; Ripartizione Protezione antincendi e civile of the autonomous province of Bolzano; Ripartizione Opere idrauliche e Ripartizione Foreste of the autonomous province of Bolzano; Stelvio National Park; Ortles project [7] FX This work is a contribution to the Ortles project, a programme supported by two NSF awards no. 1060115 & no. 1461422 to The Ohio State University and by the Ripartizione Protezione antincendi e civile of the autonomous province of Bolzano in collaboration with the Ripartizione Opere idrauliche e Ripartizione Foreste of the autonomous province of Bolzano and the Stelvio National Park. This is Ortles project publication 7 (www.ortles.org) and Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center contribution 1555. The authors are grateful to the Alpine guides of the Alpinschule of Solda, the Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine of EURAC, the helicopter companies Airway, Air Service Center, Star Work Sky and the Hotel Franzenshohe for the logistical support. We are also grateful for the valuable contribution of Lonnie Thompson in planning/performing the logistic activity and discussing the ice core data. Finally, we would like to thank Sebastian Luening, Michael Kuhn and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments, which allowed us to improve this manuscript, and Matteo Cocetti for his help in the mathematical development of the model. NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PD NOV 17 PY 2016 VL 10 IS 6 BP 2779 EP 2797 DI 10.5194/tc-10-2779-2016 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EC1MV UT WOS:000387870800002 ER PT J AU Iwanowicz, DD Vandergast, AG Cornman, RS Adams, CR Kohn, JR Fisher, RN Brehme, CS AF Iwanowicz, Deborah D. Vandergast, Amy G. Cornman, Robert S. Adams, Cynthia R. Kohn, Joshua R. Fisher, Robert N. Brehme, Cheryl S. TI Metabarcoding of Fecal Samples to Determine Herbivore Diets: A Case Study of the Endangered Pacific Pocket Mouse SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GENERALIST HERBIVORES; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; FOOD; DNA; SELECTION; PREY; SEQUENCES; RODENT; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNITY AB Understanding the diet of an endangered species illuminates the animal's ecology, habitat requirements, and conservation needs. However, direct observation of diet can be difficult, particularly for small, nocturnal animals such as the Pacific pocket mouse (Heteromyidae: Perognathus longimembris pacificus). Very little is known of the dietary habits of this federally endangered rodent, hindering management and restoration efforts. We used a metabarcoding approach to identify source plants in fecal samples (N = 52) from the three remaining populations known. The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal loci were sequenced following the Illumina MiSeq amplicon strategy and processed reads were mapped to reference databases. We evaluated a range of threshold mapping criteria and found the best-performing setting generally recovered two distinct mock communities in proportions similar to expectation. We tested our method on captive animals fed a known diet and recovered almost all plant sources, but found substantial heterogeneity among fecal pellets collected from the same individual at the same time. Observed richness did not increase with pooling of pellets from the same individual. In field-collected samples, we identified 4-14 plant genera in individual samples and 74 genera overall, but over 50 percent of reads mapped to just six species in five genera. We simulated the effects of sequencing error, variable read length, and chimera formation to infer taxon-specific rates of misassignment for the local flora, which were generally low with some exceptions. Richness at the species and genus levels did not reach a clear asymptote, suggesting that diet breadth remained underestimated in the current pool of samples. Large numbers of scat samples are therefore needed to make inferences about diet and resource selection in future studies of the Pacific pocket mouse. We conclude that our minimally invasive method is promising for determining herbivore diets given a library of sequences from local plants. C1 [Iwanowicz, Deborah D.; Adams, Cynthia R.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Vandergast, Amy G.; Fisher, Robert N.; Brehme, Cheryl S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Cornman, Robert S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Kohn, Joshua R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Iwanowicz, DD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM diwanowicz@usgs.gov FU Environmental Security Department, Resource Branch Management, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California - MIPR [M3320013MPFE026]; USGS Ecosystems Mission Area; USGS Wildlife Research Program; ResMed Incorporated; San Diego Barcode of Life; Hattie Ettinger Conservation Fund; Consulate of Canada in San Diego FX This work was funded by the Environmental Security Department, Resource Branch Management, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California - MIPR# M3320013MPFE026; USGS Ecosystems Mission Area; USGS Wildlife Research Program; ResMed Incorporated; San Diego Barcode of Life; Hattie Ettinger Conservation Fund; Consulate of Canada in San Diego. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 26 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 16 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 11 AR e0165366 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0165366 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC1ZU UT WOS:000387909300014 PM 27851756 ER PT J AU Morehouse, AT Graves, TA Mikle, N Boyce, MS AF Morehouse, Andrea T. Graves, Tabitha A. Mikle, Nate Boyce, Mark S. TI Nature vs. Nurture: Evidence for Social Learning of Conflict Behaviour in Grizzly Bears SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FORAGING BEHAVIOR; BLACK BEARS; PARENTAGE ANALYSIS; NORTH-AMERICA; AGRICULTURAL LANDS; SIBSHIP INFERENCE; NATIONAL-PARK; URSUS-ARCTOS; BRAIN SIZE; POPULATION AB The propensity for a grizzly bear to develop conflict behaviours might be a result of social learning between mothers and cubs, genetic inheritance, or both learning and inheritance. Using non-invasive genetic sampling, we collected grizzly bear hair samples during 2011-2014 across southwestern Alberta, Canada. We targeted private agricultural lands for hair samples at grizzly bear incident sites, defining an incident as an occurrence in which the grizzly bear caused property damage, obtained anthropogenic food, or killed or attempted to kill livestock or pets. We genotyped 213 unique grizzly bears (118 M, 95 F) at 24 micro-satellite loci, plus the amelogenin marker for sex. We used the program COLONY to assign parentage. We evaluated 76 mother-offspring relationships and 119 father-offspring relationships. We compared the frequency of problem and non-problem offspring from problem and non-problem parents, excluding dependent offspring from our analysis. Our results support the social learning hypothesis, but not the genetic inheritance hypothesis. Offspring of problem mothers are more likely to be involved in conflict behaviours, while offspring from non-problem mothers are not likely to be involved in incidents or human-bear conflicts themselves (Barnard's test, p = 0.05, 62.5% of offspring from problem mothers were problem bears). There was no evidence that offspring are more likely to be involved in conflict behaviour if their fathers had been problem bears (Barnard's test, p = 0.92, 29.6% of offspring from problem fathers were problem bears). For the mother-offspring relationships evaluated, 30.3% of offspring were identified as problem bears independent of their mother's conflict status. Similarly, 28.6% of offspring were identified as problem bears independent of their father's conflict status. Proactive mitigation to prevent female bears from becoming problem individuals likely will help prevent the perpetuation of conflicts through social learning. C1 [Morehouse, Andrea T.; Boyce, Mark S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Graves, Tabitha A.; Mikle, Nate] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, West Glacier, MT USA. RP Morehouse, AT (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. EM morehous@ualberta.ca OI Morehouse, Andrea/0000-0002-2015-9938 FU Alberta Conservation Association Grants in Biodiversity; Alberta Ecotrust; Alberta Environment and Parks; Alberta Innovates Bio Solutions; Alberta Sport Recreation Parks and Wildlife Foundation; Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund; Drywood Yarrow Conservation Partnership; Environment Canada Science Horizons; Glacier National Park Conservancy; International Association for Bear Research and Management; Minister's Special License; Miistakis Institute; Nature Conservancy of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology; DEB [0919239]; Parks Canada; Safari Club International Foundation; Safari Club International Northern Alberta Chapter; Shell Canada; TD Friends of the Environment Foundation; University of Alberta; US Geological Survey; US Bureau of Land Management; US Forest Service; Waterton Biosphere Reserve Association; Yellowstone to Yukon; Blackfeet Nation; Blood Tribe Land Management; Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes; Hab-Tec Environmental; Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation; National Park Service; Northwest Connections; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX This study was funded by the organizations listed below, including: Alberta Conservation Association Grants in Biodiversity: http//www.ab-conservation.com/go/default/index.cfm/grants/grant-eligible -conservation-fund/overview/; Alberta Ecotrust: http://albertaecotrust.com/; Alberta Environment and Parks: http://aep.alberta.ca/; Alberta Innovates Bio Solutions: http://bio.albertainnovates.ca/; Alberta Sport Recreation Parks and Wildlife Foundation; Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund: https//thewaltdisneycompany.com/environment#disney-conservation-fund; Drywood Yarrow Conservation Partnership: Environment Canada Science Horizons: http://www.ec.gc.caiscitech/default.asp? lang.En & Glacier National Park Conservancy: https://mw.glacierconservancy.org/; International Association for Bear Research and Management: http://www.bearbiology.com/; Minister's Special License: http://www.afga.org/ministers-special-licence/html; Miistakis Institute: http://www.rockies.ca/; Nature Conservancy of Canada: http://www.natureconservancy.ca/en/; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada: http://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/index_eng.asp; National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology: https://www. nsf.gov/funding/pgm_list.isp?org DEB, Grant # 0919239; Parks Canada: http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/index.aspx; Safari Club International Foundation: http://safariclubfoundation.og Safari Club International Northern Alberta Chapter: http://sci-northern.ab.ca/; Shell Canada: http://www.shell.ca/; TD Friends of the Environment Foundation: https://fettd.com/; University of Alberta: https://galberta.ca/; US Geological Survey: http://www.usgs.govt, US Bureau of Land Management: http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en.html; US Forest Service: http://www.fs.fed.us/; Waterton Biosphere Reserve Association: http://www.watertonbiosphere.com/; Yellowstone to Yukon: https://y2y.net/. Additional in-kind support came from the Blackfeet Nation; Blood Tribe Land Management; Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes; Hab-Tec Environmental; Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation; National Park Service; Northwest Connections; and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; We thank the agencies and organizations that provided funding for this research: Alberta Conservation Association Grants in Biodiversity, Alberta Ecotrust, Alberta Environment and Parks, Alberta Innovates-Bio Solutions, Alberta Sport Recreation Parks and Wildlife Foundation, Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund, Drywood Yarrow Conservation Partnership, Environment Canada Science Horizons, Glacier National Park Conservancy, International Association for Bear Research and Management, Minister's Special License, Miistakis Institute, Nature Conservancy of Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology, Parks Canada, Safari Club International Foundation, Safari Club International Northern Alberta Chapter, Shell Canada, TD Friends of the Environment Foundation, University of Alberta, US Geological Survey, US Bureau of Land Management, US Forest Service, Waterton Biosphere Reserve Association, and Yellowstone to Yukon. Additional in-kind and logistical support was provided by the Blackfeet Nation; Blood Tribe Land Management; Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes; Hab-Tec Environmental; Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation; National Park Service; Northwest Connections; and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Over 200 people assisted in the collection of grizzly bear hair samples; this project would not have been possible without their contributions. In particular, we thank M. Urmson, A. Loosen, S. Rettler, and T. Malish who worked on the Alberta portion of the project for multiple seasons and assisted with field work as well as data entry and management. Over 70 landowners provided land access and/or collected opportunistic hair samples; we are thankful for their support. In particular, we thank the Waterton Biosphere Reserve's Carnivore Working Group for supporting the project and helping to facilitate communication with landowners. We thank Alberta Environment and Parks, British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, and Natural Resource Operations, and the Foothills Research Institute Grizzly Bear Program for the DNA data sets provided. Thanks to Lori Roberts for sharing conflict history from Montana grizzly bears. We thank Kate Kendall, Garth Mowat and Gord Stenhouse for leading hair collection in neighboring study areas. Finally, Garth Mowat and Gord Stenhouse also provided helpful comments on earlier versions of our manuscript. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 22 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 16 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 11 AR e0165425 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0165425 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC1ZU UT WOS:000387909300015 PM 27851753 ER PT J AU Thompson, SJ Handel, CM Richardson, RM McNew, LB AF Thompson, Sarah J. Handel, Colleen M. Richardson, Rachel M. McNew, Lance B. TI When Winners Become Losers: Predicted Nonlinear Responses of Arctic Birds to Increasing Woody Vegetation SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; REPLICATED COUNTS; SPECIES RICHNESS; NORTHERN ALASKA; MIXTURE-MODELS; COMMUNITY; PLANT; ABUNDANCE; INFERENCE; SELECTION AB Climate change is facilitating rapid changes in the composition and distribution of vegetation at northern latitudes, raising questions about the responses of wildlife that rely on arctic ecosystems. One widely observed change occurring in arctic tundra ecosystems is an increasing dominance of deciduous shrub vegetation. Our goals were to examine the tolerance of arctic-nesting bird species to existing gradients of vegetation along the boreal forest-tundra ecotone, to predict the abundance of species across different heights and densities of shrubs, and to identify species that will be most or least responsive to ongoing expansion of shrubs in tundra ecosystems. We conducted 1,208 point counts on 12 study blocks from 2012-2014 in northwestern Alaska, using repeated surveys to account for imperfect detection of birds. We considered the importance of shrub height, density of low and tall shrubs (i.e. shrubs >0.5 m tall), percent of ground cover attributed to shrubs (including dwarf shrubs <0.5 m tall), and percent of herbaceous plant cover in predicting bird abundance. Among 17 species considered, only gray-cheeked thrush (Catharus minimus) abundance was associated with the highest values of all shrub metrics in its top predictive model. All other species either declined in abundance in response to one or more shrub metrics or reached a threshold where further increases in shrubs did not contribute to greater abundance. In many instances the relationship between avian abundance and shrubs was nonlinear, with predicted abundance peaking at moderate values of the co-variate, then declining at high values. In particular, a large number of species were responsive to increasing values of average shrub height with six species having highest abundance at near-zero values of shrub height and abundance of four other species decreasing once heights reached moderate values <= 33 cm). Our findings suggest that increases in shrub cover and density will negatively affect abundance of only a few bird species and may potentially be beneficial for many others. As shrub height increases further, however, a considerable number of tundra bird species will likely find habitat increasingly unsuitable. C1 [Thompson, Sarah J.; Handel, Colleen M.; Richardson, Rachel M.; McNew, Lance B.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [McNew, Lance B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Thompson, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM sjthompson@usgs.gov RI Batova, Olga/A-7438-2017 OI Batova, Olga/0000-0002-7822-6507 FU U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative; Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area FX Funding was received by CMH from U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative and this work is supported by funding from the Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area.; This work is part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative and is supported by funding from the Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We are grateful to everyone who helped collect bird and habitat data for this project: C. Anderson, C. Davis, A. Emrie, M. McDermott, M. Milligan, N. Okun, L. Pajot, J. Peterson, R. Roth, J. Terenzi, M. Trainor, C. Van Hemert, and S. Vold. We thank S. Matsuoka for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper and C. Amundson for guidance with data analysis. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 16 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 11 AR e0164755 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0164755 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC1ZU UT WOS:000387909300006 PM 27851768 ER PT J AU Conway, CE Leonard, GS Townsend, DB Calvert, AT Wilson, CJN Gamble, JA Eaves, SR AF Conway, Chris E. Leonard, Graham S. Townsend, Dougal B. Calvert, Andrew T. Wilson, Colin J. N. Gamble, John A. Eaves, Shaun R. TI A high-resolution Ar-40/Ar-39 lava chronology and edifice construction history for Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ruapehu; Ar/Ar dating; Composite volcano; Eruptive history; Glaciovolcanism; Andesite volcanism ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; CENTRAL NORTH-ISLAND; SAN-PEDRO COMPLEX; ERUPTIVE HISTORY; SOUTHERN ALPS; MAGMATIC EVOLUTION; MT-RUAPEHU; ANDESITE PETROGENESIS; COMPOSITE-VOLCANO; ICE INTERACTIONS AB Ruapehu is an active similar to 150 km3 andesite-dacite composite volcano located at the southern end of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. The growth of the present-day edifice has occurred throughout coeval eruptive and glacial histories since similar to 200 ka. We present high-precision Ar-40/Ar-39 eruption ages for 46 samples and whole-rock major element geochemical data for 238 samples from lava flows. These new and existing data are interpreted in the context of geomorphologic and geologic mapping, volcano-ice interaction processes and glacier reconstructions to present an improved chronostratigraphic framework and new edifice evolution history for Ruapehu. Sub-glacial to ice-marginal effusive eruption of medium-IC basaltic-andesites and andesites constructed the northern portion of the exposed edifice between similar to 200 and 150 ka, and a wide southeast planeze as well as parts of the northern, eastern and western flanks between similar to 160 and 80 ka. None of the dated lava flows have ages in the range of 80-50 ka, which may reflect an eruptive hiatus. Alternatively the lack of ages may be the result of erosion and burial of lavas and syn-eruptive glacial conveyance of lava flows to the ring plain during.glacial advance at 70-60150 kyr (based on Mihi Breccia age constraints), and referred to as Huka Lake. Mihi Breccia pyroclastic flow juvenile clast geochemistry and petrography correspond with similar-aged (264 +/- 8, 263 +/- 10, and 247 +/- 4 ka) intra-caldera rhyolite domes filling the Reporoa caldera (source of the similar to 281 ka Kaingaroa Formation ignimbrite). These exposed intra-caldera rhyolite domes (as well as geophysically inferred subsurface domes) are proposed to be source vents for the Mihi Breccia pyroclastic flows. Soft-sediment deformation associated with Mihi Breccia strata indicates either seismic shock, rapid sediment loading during pyroclastic flow emplacement, or both. Thus, the Mihi Breccia reflects a prolonged series of subaqueous rhyolite dome building and associated pyroclastic flows, accompanied by seismic activity, emplaced into a large paleo-lake system within the TVZ. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Downs, Drew T.] US Geol Survey, Calif Volcano Observ, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Downs, DT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Volcano Observ, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ddowns@usgs.gov OI Downs, Drew/0000-0002-9056-1404 NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 327 BP 180 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.08.004 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG5IU UT WOS:000391078300011 ER PT J AU Robertson, E Biggs, J Edmonds, M Clor, L Fischer, TP Vye-Brown, C Kianji, G Koros, W Kandie, R AF Robertson, Elspeth Biggs, Juliet Edmonds, Marie Clor, Laura Fischer, Tobias P. Vye-Brown, Charlotte Kianji, Gladys Koros, Wesley Kandie, Risper TI Diffuse degassing at Longonot volcano, Kenya: Implications for CO2 flux in continental rifts SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Passive degassing; Volcanic CO2; East African Rift ID EAST-AFRICAN RIFT; OLDOINYO LENGAI VOLCANO; MAIN ETHIOPIAN RIFT; LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE; MOUNT-ETNA; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION; GEOTHERMAL FIELDS; SOUTHERN TANZANIA; CARBON-ISOTOPE; VULCANO ISLAND AB Magma movement, fault structures and hydrothermal systems influence volatile emissions at rift volcanoes. Longonot is a Quaternary caldera volcano located in the southern Kenyan Rift, where regional extension controls recent shallow magma ascent. Here we report the results of a soil carbon dioxide (CO2) survey in the vicinity of Longonot volcano, as well as fumarolic gas compositions and carbon isotope data. The total non-biogenic CO2 degassing is estimated at <300 kg d(-1), and is largely controlled by crater faults and fractures close to the summit. Thus, recent volcanic structures, rather than regional tectonics, control fluid pathways and degassing. Fumarolic gases are characterised by a narrow range in carbon isotope ratios (delta C-13), from -4.7 parts per thousand. to -6.4 parts per thousand (vs. PDB) suggesting a magmatic origin with minor contributions from biogenic CO2. Comparison with other degassing measurements in the East African Rift shows that records of historical eruptions or unrest do not correspond directly to the magnitude of CO2 flux from volcanic centres, which may instead reflect the current size and characteristics of the subsurface magma reservoir. Interestingly, the integrated CO2 flux from faulted rift basins is reported to be an order of magnitude higher than that from any of the volcanic centres for which CO2 surveys have so far been reported. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Robertson, Elspeth; Biggs, Juliet] Univ Bristol, COMET, Sch Earth Sci, Wills Mem Bldg,Queens Rd, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Edmonds, Marie] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, COMET, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, Cambs, England. [Clor, Laura; Fischer, Tobias P.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Clor, Laura] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Vye-Brown, Charlotte] British Geol Survey, Lyell Ctr, Res Ave South, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, Midlothian, Scotland. [Kianji, Gladys] Univ Nairobi, Dept Geol, POB 30197-00100,Chiromo Campus, Gpo Nairobi, Kenya. [Koros, Wesley] Univ Auckland, Dept Engn Sci, UniServ House,Bldg 439 Level 2,Room 215, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. [Koros, Wesley; Kandie, Risper] Kenya Elect Generating Co Ltd KenGen, Naivasha, Kenya. RP Biggs, J (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Wills Mem Bldg,Queens Rd, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. EM juliet.biggs@bristol.ac.uk FU NERC Algorithm studentship; National Geographic; GRSG; NERC RiftVolc [NE/L013932/1]; Volcanic and Geothermal Volatiles laboratory; NSF [EAR-1113066] FX ER was supported by a NERC Algorithm studentship and fieldwork grants from National Geographic and GRSG. ER, JB, ME and CV-B belong to the NERC Centre for the Observation and Modeling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics and JB, ME and CV-B were funded by the NERC RiftVolc Grant NE/L013932/1. Gas analyses at the University of New Mexico were partially supported by the Volcanic and Geothermal Volatiles laboratory and by NSF grant (EAR-1113066) to TF. We thank Bruce Mutagi, James Hammond, Will Hutchison and Frank Chetchet for their help in the field. NR 123 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 327 BP 208 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.06.016 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG5IU UT WOS:000391078300013 ER PT J AU Larsen, JF AF Larsen, Jessica F. TI Unraveling the diversity in arc volcanic eruption styles: Examples from the Aleutian volcanic arc, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Eruption style; Aleutians; Alaska; Magma; Differentiation ID CALC-ALKALINE DIFFERENTIATION; TEPHRA-FALL DEPOSITS; ISLAND-ARC; AUGUSTINE VOLCANO; REDOUBT VOLCANO; SUBDUCTION ZONE; OKMOK VOLCANO; EXPERIMENTAL CONSTRAINTS; MAGMATIC EVOLUTION; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA AB The magmatic systems feeding arc volcanoes are complex, leading to a rich diversity in eruptive products and eruption styles. This review focuses on examples from the Aleutian subduction zone, encompassed within the state of Alaska, USA because it exhibits a rich diversity in arc structure and tectonics, sediment and volatile influx feeding primary magma generation, crustal magma differentiation processes, with the resulting outcome the production of a complete range in eruption styles from its diverse volcanic centers. Recent and ongoing investigations along the arc reveal controls on magma production that result in diversity of eruptive products, from crystal-rich intermediate andesites to phenocryst-poor, melt-rich silicic and mafic magmas and a spectrum in between. Thus, deep to shallow crustal "processing" of arc magmas likely greatly influences the physical and chemical character of the magmas as they accumulate in the shallow crust, the flow physics of the magmas as they rise in the conduit, and eruption style through differences in degassing kinetics of the bubbly magmas. The broad spectrum of resulting eruption styles thus depends on the bulk magma composition, melt phase composition, and the bubble and crystal content (phenocrysts and/or microlites) of the magma. Those fundamental magma characteristics are in turn largely determined by the crustal differentiation pathway traversed by the magma as a function of tectonic location in the arc, and/or the water content and composition of the primary magmas. The physical and chemical character of the magma, set by the arc differentiation pathway, as it ascends towards eruption determines the kinetic efficiency of degassing versus the increasing internal gas bubble overpressure. The balance between degassing rate and the rate at which gas bubble overpressure builds then determines the conditions of fragmentation, and ultimately eruption intensity. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Larsen, Jessica F.] Univ Alaska, Dept Geosci, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 900 Yukon Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Larsen, JF (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Geosci, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 900 Yukon Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jflarsen@alaska.edu FU Alaska Volcano Observatory; U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program; NSF [EAR 1145194] FX The author would like to heartily thank her colleagues for discussions, conversation, and insights that helped shape this review article. In particular, discussions with Michelle Coombs, Jeff Freymueller, Chris Nye, and Terry Plank have been greatly appreciated. The author thanks Philipp Ruprecht, an anonymous reviewer, and editor M. Mangan for comments and suggestions that greatly improved the initial manuscript. J.F. Larsen is supported by the Alaska Volcano Observatory through a cooperative agreement between the University of Alaska Fairbanks (PI J. Freymueller) and the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program and NSF grant EAR 1145194. NR 227 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 327 BP 643 EP 668 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.09.008 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG5IU UT WOS:000391078300046 ER PT J AU Jones, BM Baughman, CA Romanovsky, VE Parsekian, AD Babcock, EL Stephani, E Jones, MC Grosse, G Berg, EE AF Jones, Benjamin M. Baughman, Carson A. Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Parsekian, Andrew D. Babcock, Esther L. Stephani, Eva Jones, Miriam C. Grosse, Guido Berg, Edward E. TI Presence of rapidly degrading permafrost plateaus in south-central Alaska SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID KENAI PENINSULA LOWLANDS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; BOREAL FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ACTIVE LAYER; PEATLANDS; DEGRADATION; CANADA; ECOSYSTEMS; FIRE AB Permafrost presence is determined by a complex interaction of climatic, topographic, and ecological conditions operating over long time scales. In particular, vegetation and organic layer characteristics may act to protect permafrost in regions with a mean annual air temperature (MAAT) above 0 degrees C. In this study, we document the presence of residual permafrost plateaus in the western Kenai Peninsula lowlands of south-central Alaska, a region with a MAAT of 1.5 +/- 1 degrees C (1981-2010). Continuous ground temperature measurements between 16 September 2012 and 15 September 2015, using calibrated thermistor strings, documented the presence of warm permafrost (0.04 to 0.08 degrees C). Field measurements (probing) on several plateau features during the fall of 2015 showed that the depth to the permafrost table averaged 1.48m but at some locations was as shallow as 0.53 m. Late winter surveys (augering, coring, and GPR) in 2016 showed that the average seasonally frozen ground thickness was 0.45 m, overlying a talik above the permafrost table. Measured permafrost thickness ranged from 0.33 to >6.90 m. Manual interpretation of historic aerial photography acquired in 1950 indicates that residual permafrost plateaus covered 920 ha as mapped across portions of four wetland complexes encompassing 4810 ha. However, between 1950 and ca. 2010, permafrost plateau extent decreased by 60.0 %, with lateral feature degradation accounting for 85.0% of the reduction in area. Permafrost loss on the Kenai Peninsula is likely associated with a warming climate, wildfires that remove the protective forest and organic layer cover, groundwater flow at depth, and lateral heat transfer from wetland surface waters in the summer. Better understanding the resilience and vulnerability of ecosystem-protected permafrost is critical for mapping and predicting future permafrost extent and degradation across all permafrost regions that are currently warming. Further work should focus on reconstructing permafrost history in south-central Alaska as well as additional contemporary observations of these ecosystem-protected permafrost sites south of the regions with relatively stable permafrost. C1 [Jones, Benjamin M.; Baughman, Carson A.; Babcock, Esther L.; Stephani, Eva] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Romanovsky, Vladimir E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Romanovsky, Vladimir E.] Earth Cryosphere Inst, 86 Malygina St, Tyumen 625000, Russia. [Parsekian, Andrew D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Jones, Miriam C.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Grosse, Guido] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Berg, Edward E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. RP Jones, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM bjones@usgs.gov RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Romanovsky, Vladimir/0000-0002-9515-2087 FU US Geological Survey; Russian Science Foundation [RNF 16-17-00102] FX Funding for this research was provided by the US Geological Survey Land Change Science and Land Remote Sensing programs. Support was also provided by the Russian Science Foundation (project RNF 16-17-00102). We thank the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge for granting permission to access field sites. We thank Kelly Harrell, Kobuk Kashi, Lydia Zeglin, Josefine Lenz, Emiline Ostlind, and Callie Zuck for help with fieldwork. We thank David Swanson, Eric Klein, Neal Pastick, Mikhail Kanevskiy, and Andreas Kaab for providing useful feedback and edits on an earlier version of this paper. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 10 IS 6 BP 2673 EP 2692 DI 10.5194/tc-10-2673-2016 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EC1MS UT WOS:000387870400001 ER PT J AU Ullman, DJ Carlson, AE Hostetler, SW Clark, PU Cuzzone, J Milne, GA Winsor, K Caffee, M AF Ullman, David J. Carlson, Anders E. Hostetler, Steven W. Clark, Peter U. Cuzzone, Joshua Milne, Glenn A. Winsor, Kelsey Caffee, Marc TI Final Laurentide ice-sheet deglaciation and Holocene climate-sea level change SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Holocene; Laurentide ice sheet; Surface exposure dating; Sea level rise ID 100,000-YEAR GLACIAL CYCLES; PRODUCTION-RATE CALIBRATION; ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN MODEL; FRESH-WATER OUTBURST; LAST DEGLACIATION; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; PRODUCTION-RATES; LABRADOR SECTOR; HUDSON-BAY; COLD EVENT AB Despite elevated summer insolation forcing during the early Holocene, global ice sheets retained nearly half of their volume from the Last Glacial Maximum, as indicated by deglacial records of global mean sea level (GMSL). Partitioning the GMSL rise among potential sources requires accurate dating of ice-sheet extent to estimate ice-sheet volume. Here, we date the final retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet with Be-10 surface exposure ages for the Labrador Dome, the largest of the remnant Laurentide ice domes during the Holocene. We show that the Labrador Dome deposited moraines during North Atlantic cold events at similar to 10.3 ka, 9.3 ka and 8.2 ka, suggesting that these regional climate events helped stabilize the retreating Labrador Dome in the early Holocene. After Hudson Bay became seasonally ice free at 8.2 ka, the majority of Laurentide ice-sheet melted abruptly within a few centuries. We demonstrate through high-resolution regional climate model simulations that the thermal properties of a seasonally ice-free Hudson Bay would have increased Laurentide ice-sheet ablation and thus contributed to the subsequent rapid Labrador Dome retreat. Finally, our new 10Be chronology indicates full Laurentide ice-sheet had completely deglaciated by 6.7 +/- 0.4 ka, which re quires that Antarctic ice sheets contributed 3.6 -6.5 m to GMSL rise since 6.3-7.1 ka. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ullman, David J.] Northland Coll, Dept Geosci, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Ullman, David J.; Carlson, Anders E.; Hostetler, Steven W.; Clark, Peter U.; Cuzzone, Joshua] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ullman, David J.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI USA. [Hostetler, Steven W.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR USA. [Cuzzone, Joshua] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA. [Milne, Glenn A.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Winsor, Kelsey] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lowell, MA USA. [Caffee, Marc] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, PRIME Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Caffee, Marc] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ullman, DJ (reprint author), Northland Coll, Dept Geosci, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM dullman@northland.edu FU Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation; National Science Foundation [EAR-0958872/-1343573, EAR-0958417] FX We thank Shaun Marcott, Kyle Fredericks, Levi Mitchell, Richard Becker, and Brent Goehring for their assistance and helpful discussions related to this project. Research was supported by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation and National Science Foundation awards EAR-0958872/-1343573 (AEC) and EAR-0958417 (PUC). Finally, we also thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions, which helped to improve this paper. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 152 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.09.014 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EB6WT UT WOS:000387527000004 ER PT J AU DeLong, KL Maupin, CR Flannery, JA Quinn, TM Shen, CC AF DeLong, Kristine L. Maupin, Christopher R. Flannery, Jennifer A. Quinn, Terrence M. Shen, Chuan-Chou TI Refining temperature reconstructions with the Atlantic coral Siderastrea siderea SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Siderastrea siderea; Sr/Ca; delta O-18; delta C-13; Dry Tortugas; Sea surface temperature ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; GULF-OF-MEXICO; DIPLOASTREA-HELIOPORA; SKELETAL GROWTH; PORITES CORALS; HIGH-PRECISION; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS; GENUS PORITES; SR/CA RECORDS AB Developing coral-based temperature reconstructions for a particular coral species requires determining the optimal sampling path orientation and resolution for geochemical analysis to avoid sampling artifacts and to increase reproducibility. Furthermore, a robust coral archive should have high intracolony and intercolony reproducibility for determining the common environmental signal. Here we assessed sampling path orientation and sampling resolution for Siderastrea siderea colonies within the Dry Tortugas National Park in the Gulf of Mexico (24 degrees 42' N, 82 degrees 48'W) to determine the optimal sampling protocol and to assess reproducibility of coral Sr/Ca, delta O-18, and delta C-13. We identified a sampling artifact due to extracting samples from the coral columella resulting in cold bias up to 5.2 degrees C in coral Sr/Ca. We found no shift to higher coral Sr/Ca values (i.e., colder) for years with a 50% reduction in average extension rate (2.1 mm year(-1)) or for sampling along paths up to 70 degrees off the vertical axis of the colony. Our sampling resolution comparison (1900-1993) indicated that the resolution of similar to 6 samples year(-1) used in a previous study for coral Sr/Ca and delta O-18 may not capture seasonal extremes and thus produces muted seasonal cycles, but that resolution is not biased towards one season. Reproducibility or average deviations, assessed using absolute differences (AD) and root mean square (RMS), among the monthly resolved coral Sr/Ca records for intracolony to intercolony comparisons were within 2 sigma of our analytical precisions. Average deviations were reduced by 19 to 61% when assessing interannual variability (36-month smoothed and mean annual) suggesting that subannual dating uncertainties (i.e., assigning a coral Sr/Ca value to a particular month) were the largest source of error in our monthly resolved coral Sr/Ca reconstruction. Similarly, coral delta O-18 was reproducible within 2 sigma of our analytical precision (AD = 0.10 parts per thousand. and RMS = 0.07 parts per thousand); however, coral delta C-13 and linear extension records were not reproducible. Our assessment of coral geochemical variations from multiple S. siderea colonies suggests this species is suitable for paleoclimatic reconstructions, including subfossil corals and microatoll colonies that grow laterally. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [DeLong, Kristine L.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, 227 Howe Russell Geosci Complex, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [DeLong, Kristine L.; Flannery, Jennifer A.] US Geol Survey, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Maupin, Christopher R.; Quinn, Terrence M.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Inst Geophys, JJ Pickle Res Campus,Bldg 196, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Maupin, Christopher R.; Quinn, Terrence M.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, 1 Univ Stn C1100, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Maupin, Christopher R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, 810 Eller O&M Bldg MS 3147, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Shen, Chuan-Chou] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, High Precis Mass Spectrometry & Environm Change L, 1 Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP DeLong, KL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, 227 Howe Russell Geosci Complex, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM kdelong@lsu.edu; crmaupintx@tamu.edu; jflannery@usgs.gov; quinn@utig.ig.utexas.edu; river@ntu.edu.tw RI Quinn, Terrence/A-5755-2008 FU Louisiana State University Council on Research Summer Stipend Program; Louisiana Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR); National Science Foundation; Board of Regents Support Fund Grant [LEQSF(2011)-PFUND-229]; ROC MOST; NTU [104-2119-M-002-003, 105-2119-M-002-001, 105R7625]; USGS Climate and Research Development Program; Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX We acknowledge financial support provided by the Louisiana State University Council on Research Summer Stipend Program and Louisiana Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR), funded by the National Science Foundation and Board of Regents Support Fund Grant # LEQSF(2011)-PFUND-229. 230Th dating at the HISPEC was supported by the ROC MOST and NTU grants (104-2119-M-002-003, 105-2119-M-002-001 and 105R7625 to CCS). We thank the USGS Climate and Research Development Program and the Coastal and Marine Geology Program for funding the coral-core sampling expeditions and ICP-OES operations. We thank Chris Reich, Don Hickey, Jordan Sanford, B.J. Reynolds, Michele LaVigne, the M/V Fort Jefferson crew, and Dry Tortugas National Park personnel for their support in recovery of coral cores under scientific research permit DRTO-2008-SCI-0015. Kelly Hereid, Liz Powell, Meaghan Gorman, and Dorinda Ostermann of UT are acknowledged for their analytical assistance and Tony Greco of USF for his assistance with the SEM. We thank Mary Manheim and Ginny Listi of the LSU FACES laboratory for their assistance with X-raying the corals, Alexandra Beard, Anna La Valley and Robin Cobb of LSU PAST laboratory for their sampling assistance, and Mary Lee Eggart formally of LSU for creating the coral artwork. DeLong thanks Nanyang Technical University and Nathalie Goodkin for their support during her sabbitcal. Lastly, we thank Dick Poore, Robert Halley, and Gene Shinn, formally of the USGS, for their vast knowledge and expertise. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The coral Sr/Ca data are archived at the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado; IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series #noaa-coral-16217, ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/delong2014/. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 462 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.08.028 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA EA2DX UT WOS:000386404100001 ER PT J AU Bader, NE Spencer, PK Bailey, AS Gastineau, KM Tinkler, ER Pluhar, CJ Bjornstad, BN AF Bader, Nicholas E. Spencer, Patrick K. Bailey, Alexandra S. Gastineau, Karen M. Tinkler, Emily R. Pluhar, Christopher J. Bjornstad, Bruce N. TI A loess record of pre-Late Wisconsin glacial outburst flooding, Pleistocene paleoenvironment, and Irvingtonian fauna from the Rulo site, southeastern Washington, USA SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Loess; Palouse; Paleosols; Fossils; Vertebrates; Missoula floods ID AGE CATACLYSMIC FLOODS; EASTERN WASHINGTON; CHANNELED SCABLAND; PALEOMAGNETIC DATA; PALOUSE LOESS; UNITED-STATES; QUATERNARY; PALEOSOLS; NORTHWEST; OREGON AB Worldwide, loess-paleosol sequences are archives of terrestrial Quaternary paleoenvironment data. The Rulo site is a newly described site in the Palouse loess of southeastern Washington State, USA. The site reveals a 19 m thick deposit of loess and flood sediment, preserving a total of 30 m of reconstructed stratigraphic section. Five unconformity-bound sequences of sediment are exposed at the site, the lowest two of which have yielded fossil remains, including the first reported occurrence of flat-headed peccary (Platygonus compressus) in northwestern North America. The unconformities, two diamicts bearing extrabasinal clasts, and a number of clastic dikes provide evidence for pre-Wisconsin glacial outburst floods in southeastern Washington. More than a dozen paleosols are preserved at the site. These soils are relatively unweathered and therefore primarily record periods of slow sedimentation accumulation in the Palouse, rather than changes in weathering rates. A paleosol near the base of the sequence is unusually weathered for Palouse paleosols, and records a period of increased weathering during the Middle Pleistocene. All units above the sand are normal paleomagnetic polarity; additional age control is provided by a tephra in the upper third of the sequence that matches a ca. 220 ka tephra from Newberry Volcano, and by stratigraphic correlation of later units to other sites in the Palouse. The Rulo site adds to the record of Irvingtonian fauna in North America, and supports accumulating evidence for pre-Late Wisconsin glacial outburst floods in the Pacific Northwest. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bader, Nicholas E.; Spencer, Patrick K.; Bailey, Alexandra S.; Gastineau, Karen M.; Tinkler, Emily R.] Whitman Coll, Dept Geol, 345 Boyer Ave, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. [Pluhar, Christopher J.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 2576 E San Ramon Ave, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Bjornstad, Bruce N.] 1918 Harris Ave, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Bailey, Alexandra S.] Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, 36 Union St, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Gastineau, Karen M.] Broadbent & Associates Inc, 5450 Louie Ln,Suite 101, Reno, NV 89511 USA. [Tinkler, Emily R.] US Geol Survey, POB 25046,Mail Stop 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bader, NE; Spencer, PK (reprint author), Whitman Coll, Dept Geol, 345 Boyer Ave, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. EM baderne@whitman.edu; spencerp@whitman.edu OI Bader, Nicholas/0000-0002-8092-5163 FU M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust [2010140:JVZ:11/18/2010]; Louis B. Perry Summer Research Endowment FX This work was supported by the M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust [grant 2010140:JVZ:11/18/2010] and the Louis B. Perry Summer Research Endowment. We thank Grant Shimer for visiting the field site and offering observations and advice. We also thank Rick Conrey, now at Hamilton College, who helped train students in XRF sample preparation and allowed us to work in his lab. Nick Foit at WSU Pullman did the tephra analyses. Anthony Barnosky at U.C. Berkeley offered his expertise to confirm some of the fossil identifications. Dan Muhs and an anonymous reviewer provided careful feedback that greatly increased the quality of this manuscript. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 462 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.08.042 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA EA2DX UT WOS:000386404100004 ER PT J AU Farquharson, LM Mann, DH Grosse, G Jones, BM Romanovsky, VE AF Farquharson, L. M. Mann, D. H. Grosse, G. Jones, B. M. Romanovsky, V. E. TI Spatial distribution of thermokarst terrain in Arctic Alaska SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Thermokarst; Thaw; Arctic; Landform mapping ID THAW LAKE BASINS; CANADIAN LANDFORM EXAMPLES; INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR; MACKENZIE DELTA REGION; COASTAL-PLAIN; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; PERMAFROST LANDSCAPES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; THERMAL STATE; BEAUFORT SEA AB In landscapes underlain by ice-rich permafrost, the development of thermokarst landforms can have drastic impacts on ecosystem processes and human infrastructure. Here we describe the distribution of thermokarst land forms in the continuous permafrost zone of Arctic Alaska, analyze linkages to the underlying surficial geology, and discuss the vulnerability of different types of landscapes to future thaw. We identified nine major thermokarst landforms and then mapped their distributions in twelve representative study areas totaling 300-km(2). These study areas differ in their geologic history, permafrost-ice content, and ground thermal regime. Results show that 63% of the entire study area is occupied by thermokarst landforms and that the distribution of thermokarst landforms and overall landscape complexity varies markedly with surficial geology. Areas underlain by ice-rich marine silt are the most affected by thermokarst (97% of total area), whereas areas underlain by glacial drift are least affected (14%). Drained thermokarst-lake basins are the most widespread thermokarst landforms, covering 33% of the entire study region, with greater prevalence in areas of marine silt (48% coverage), marine sand (47%), and aeolian silt (34%). Thermokarst-lakes are the second most common thermokarst landform, covering 16% of the study region, with highest coverage in areas underlain by marine silt (39% coverage). Thermokarst troughs and pits cover 7% of the study region and are the third most prevalent thermokarst land form. They are most common in areas underlain by deltaic sands and gravels (18% coverage) and marine sand (12%). Alas valleys are widespread in areas of aeolian silt (14%)located in gradually sloping uplands. Areas of marine silt have been particularly vulnerable to thaw in the past because they are ice-rich and have low-gradient topography facilitating the repeated development of thermokarst-lakes. In the future, ice-rich aeolian, upland terrain (yedoma) will be particularly susceptible to thaw because it still contains massive concentrations of ground ice in the form of syngenetic ice-wedges that have remained largely intact since the Pleistocene. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Farquharson, L. M.; Mann, D. H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geosci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Grosse, G.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany. [Jones, B. M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Romanovsky, V. E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Romanovsky, V. E.] Tyumen State Oil & Gas Univ, Tyumen 625000, Russia. RP Farquharson, LM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geosci, Fairbanks, AK USA. EM lmfarquharson@alaska.edu RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011 OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141 FU Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative; USGS Alaska Climate Science Center-funded Alaska Integrated Ecosystem Model Project; ERC [338335]; NSF [ARC-0902169, PLR 1417611]; USGS Land Change Science Program; Land Remote Sensing Program; Bureau of Land Management; National Science Foundation (NSF-PLR) [1417611] FX LMF thanks the Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative and USGS Alaska Climate Science Center-funded Alaska Integrated Ecosystem Model Project for support. GG was supported by ERC #338335. DHM" was partially supported by NSF grants ARC-0902169 and PLR 1417611.; Support for BMJ was provided by the USGS Land Change Science Program and Land Remote Sensing Program. The Teshekpuk Lake Observatory was critical for field support. We thank Reginald Muskett for assistance with permafrost temperature data, and Helene Genet for helpful conversations that improved the paper. We would like to thank the editor Richard Marston, Mikhail Kanevskiy, and three anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions greatly improved the manuscript Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Field logistics were provided in part by grants from the Bureau of Land Management and the National Science Foundation (NSF-PLR 1417611). NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 273 BP 116 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.08.007 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DY7QG UT WOS:000385323700010 ER PT J AU Reid, ME Coe, JA Brien, DL AF Reid, Mark E. Coe, Jeffrey A. Brien, Dianne L. TI Forecasting inundation from debris flows that grow volumetrically during travel, with application to the Oregon Coast Range, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Debris flow; Growth; Entrainment; Oregon ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; POPOCATEPETL VOLCANO; HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE; LANDSLIDES; MEXICO; ENTRAINMENT; DEPOSITION; RUNOUT; LAHAR; AVALANCHES AB Many debris flows increase in volume as they travel downstream, enhancing their mobility and hazard. Volumetric growth can result from diverse physical processes, such as channel sediment entrainment, stream bank collapse, adjacent landsliding, hillslope erosion and rifling, and coalescence of multiple debris flows; incorporating these varied phenomena into physics-based debris-flow models is challenging. As an alternative, we embedded effects of debris-flow growth into an empirical/statistical approach to forecast potential inundation areas within digital landscapes in a GIS framework. Our approach used an empirical debris-growth function to account for the effects of growth phenomena. We applied this methodology to a debris-flow-prone area in the Oregon Coast Range, USA, where detailed mapping revealed areas of erosion and deposition along paths of debris flows that occurred during a large storm in 1996. Erosion was predominant in stream channels with slopes >5 degrees. Using pre- and post-event aerial photography, we derived upslope contributing area and channel-length growth factors. Our method reproduced the observed inundation patterns produced by individual debris flows; it also generated reproducible, objective potential inundation maps for entire drainage networks. These maps better matched observations than those using previous methods that focus on proximal or distal regions of a drainage network. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Reid, Mark E.; Brien, Dianne L.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Coe, Jeffrey A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO USA. RP Reid, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mreid@usgs.gov; jcoe@usgs.gov; dbrien@usgs.gov OI Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608 FU USGS Landslide Hazards Program FX We thank Richard Iverson and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on an earlier manuscript. John Michael provided GIS expertise and support in the early stages of the project. We thank Norma Kline, Jim Young, and John Seward of the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) for their support of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) work in the Elliott State Forest. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The USGS Landslide Hazards Program provided support for this research. NR 97 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 273 BP 396 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.07.039 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DY7QG UT WOS:000385323700031 ER PT J AU Selbig, WR AF Selbig, William. R. TI Evaluation of leaf removal as a means to reduce nutrient concentrations and loads in urban stormwater SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Organic detritus; Phosphorus; Nitrogen; Leaf litter; Street cleaning ID WATER-QUALITY; PHOSPHORUS; EUTROPHICATION; NITROGEN; LITTER; MANAGEMENT; RUNOFF; LEAVES AB While the sources of nutrients to urban stormwater are many, the primary contributor is often organic detritus, especially in areas with dense overhead tree canopy. One way to remove organic detritus before it becomes entrained in runoffis to implement a city-wide leaf collection and street cleaning program Improving our knowledge of the potential reduction of nutrients to stormwater through removal of leaves and other organic detritus on streets could help tailor more targeted municipal leaf collection programs. This study characterized an upper ideal limit in reductions of total and dissolved forms of phosphorus and nitrogen in stormwater through implementation of a municipal leaf collection and street cleaning program in Madison, WI, USA. Additional measures were taken to remove leaf litter from street surfaces prior to precipitation events. Loads of total and dissolved phosphorus were reduced by 84 and 83% (p < 0.05), and total and dissolved nitrogen by 74 and 71% (p <0.05) with an active leaf removal program. Without leaf removal, 56% of the annual total phosphorus yield (winter excluded) was due to leaf litter in the fall compared to 16% with leaf removal. Despite significant reductions in load, total nitrogen showed only minor changes in fall yields without and with leaf removal at 19 and 16%, respectively. The majority of nutrient concentrations were in the dissolved fraction making source control through leaf removal one of the few treatment options available to environmental managers when reducing the amount of dissolved nutrients in stormwater runoff. Subsequently, the efficiency, frequency, and timing of leaf removal and street cleaning are the primary factors to consider when developing a leaf management program. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Selbig, William. R.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Selbig, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM wrselbig@usgs.gov FU Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; City of Madison; Fund for Lake Michigan; Yahara WINS; Dane County Land and Water Resources FX The author would like to thank Neely Law from the Center for Watershed Protection and Angela Brennan from the U.S. Geological Survey for their helpful comments. The author would also like to acknowledge Nicolas Buer for his dedication to ensuring field-collected data remained of the highest quality. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, City of Madison, Fund for Lake Michigan, Yahara WINS, and Dane County Land and Water Resources provided financial support necessary to complete this paper. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 37 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 571 BP 124 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.003 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DW8UG UT WOS:000383930400015 PM 27470671 ER PT J AU Lepak, JM Hooten, MB Eagles-Smith, CA Tate, MT Lutz, MA Ackerman, JT Willacker, JJ Jackson, AK Evers, DC Wiener, JG Pritz, CF Davis, J AF Lepak, Jesse M. Hooten, Mevin B. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Tate, Michael T. Lutz, Michelle A. Ackerman, Joshua T. Willacker, James J., Jr. Jackson, Allyson K. Evers, David C. Wiener, James G. Pritz, Colleen Flanagan Davis, Jay TI Assessing potential health risks to fish and humans using mercury concentrations in inland fish from across western Canada and the United States SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Advisory development; Benchmark; Consumption advice; Hierarchical modeling; Monitoring; Size class; Uncertainty ID GREAT-LAKES REGION; FRESH-WATER FISH; SPORT FISH; METHYL MERCURY; TISSUE; METHYLMERCURY; CONSUMPTION; BIOACCUMULATION; US; ASSEMBLAGE AB Fish represent high quality protein and nutrient sources, but Hg contamination is ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems and can pose health risks to fish and their consumers. Potential health risks posed to fish and humans by Hg contamination in fish were assessed in western Canada and the United States. A large compilation of inland fish Hg concentrations was evaluated in terms of potential health risk to the fish themselves, health risk to predatory fish that consume Hg contaminated fish, and to humans that consume Hg contaminated fish. The probability that a fish collected from a given location would exceed a Hg concentration benchmark relevant to a health risk was calculated. These exceedance probabilities and their associated uncertainties were characterized for fish of multiple size classes at multiple health-relevant benchmarks. The approach was novel and allowed for the assessment of the potential for deleterious health effects in fish and humans associated with Hg contamination in fish across this broad study area. Exceedance probabilities were relatively common at low Hg concentration benchmarks, particularly for fish in larger size classes. Specifically, median exceedances for the largest size classes of fish evaluated at the lowest Hg concentration benchmarks were 0.73 (potential health risks to fish themselves), 0.90 (potential health risk to predatory fish that consume Hg contaminated fish), and 0.97 (potential for restricted fish consumption by humans), but diminished to essentially zero at the highest benchmarks and smallest fish size classes. Exceedances of benchmarks are likely to have deleterious health effects on fish and limit recommended amounts of fish humans consume in western Canada and the United States. Results presented here are not intended to subvert or replace local fish Hg data or consumption advice, but provide a basis for identifying areas of potential health risk and developing more focused future research and monitoring efforts. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lepak, Jesse M.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, 317 West Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit,Dept S, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Willacker, James J., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jeferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tate, Michael T.; Lutz, Michelle A.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Jackson, Allyson K.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Evers, David C.] Biodivers Res Inst, 276 Canco Rd, Portland, ME 04103 USA. [Wiener, James G.] Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, 1725 State St, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Pritz, Colleen Flanagan] Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, POB 25287, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Davis, Jay] San Francisco Estuary Inst, 4911 Cent Ave, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. RP Lepak, JM (reprint author), Colorado Pk & Wildlife, 317 West Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Salvelinus2005@gmail.com; mevin.hooten@colostate.edu; ceagles-smith@usgs.gov; mttate@usgs.gov; malutz@usgs.gov; jackerman@usgs.gov; jwillacker@usgs.gov; allyson.jackson@oregonstate.edu; david.evers@briloon.org; jwiener@uwlax.edu; colleen_flanagan_pritz@nps.gov; jay@sfei.org OI Lutz, Michelle/0000-0003-3968-7586; Willacker, James/0000-0002-6286-5224 FU John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program; EPA Region-10 through the Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) program; Government of Canada - Environment Canada - Clean Air Regulatory Agenda Hg Science Program FX This work was conducted as a part of the Western North American Hg Synthesis Working Group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, with additional funding from the U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program and by the EPA Region-10 through the Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) program. We appreciate the efforts of Kiira Siitari and Madeline Turnquist for database compilation and coordination, We thank the Government of Canada - Environment Canada - Clean Air Regulatory Agenda Hg Science Program for supporting the program and enabling the development of the western North America project, in particular Linda Campbell, Neil Burgess, and David Depew. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 61 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 571 BP 342 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.031 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DW8UG UT WOS:000383930400036 PM 27161906 ER PT J AU Alpers, CN Yee, JL Ackerman, JT Orlando, JL Slotton, DG Marvin-DiPasquale, MC AF Alpers, Charles N. Yee, Julie L. Ackerman, Joshua T. Orlando, James L. Slotton, Darrel G. Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. TI Prediction of fish and sediment mercury in streams using landscape variables and historical mining SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Methylmercury; Fish; Streambed sediment; California; Gold mining; Geospatial modeling; Akaike Information Criteria ID AQUATIC FOOD WEBS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; FRESH-WATER; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; UPLAND FORESTS; METHYL MERCURY; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-ENGLAND; NEW-YORK AB Widespread mercury (Hg) contamination of aquatic systems in the Sierra Nevada of California, U.S., is associated with historical use to enhance gold (Au) recovery by amalgamation. In areas affected by historical Au mining operations, including the western slope of the Sierra Nevada and downstream areas in northern California, such as San Francisco Bay and the Sacramento River-San Joaquin River Delta, microbial conversion of Hg to methylmercury (MeHg) leads to bioaccumulation of MeHg in food webs, and increased risks to humans and wildlife. This study focused on developing a predictive model for THg in stream fish tissue based on geospatial data, including land use/land cover data, and the distribution of legacy Au mines. Data on total mercury (THg) and MeHg concentrations in fish tissue and streambed sediment collected during 1980-2012 from stream sites in the Sierra Nevada, California were combined with geospatial data to estimate fish THg concentrations across the landscape. THg concentrations of five fish species (Brown Trout, Rainbow Trout, Sacramento Pikeminnow, Sacramento Sucker, and Smallmouth Bass) within stream sections were predicted using multi-model inference based on Akaike Information Criteria, using geospatial data for mining history and landscape characteristics as well as fish species and length (r(2) = 0.61, p < 0.001). Including THg concentrations in streambed sediment did not improve the model's fit, however including MeHg concentrations in streambed sediment organic content (loss on ignition), and sediment grain size resulted in an improved fit (r(2)= 0.63, p < 0.001). These models can be used to estimate THg concentrations in stream fish based on landscape variables in the Sierra Nevada in areas where direct measurements of THg concentration in fish are unavailable. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Alpers, Charles N.; Orlando, James L.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Yee, Julie L.; Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Slotton, Darrel G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Alpers, CN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM cnalpers@usgs.gov OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 FU State Water Resources Control Board [10-062-250]; USGS Cooperative Water Program [ZG00EPN00] FX The authors wish to think the State Water Resources Control Board for funding this study through cooperative agreement 10-062-250. Funding was also provided by the USGS Cooperative Water Program to the USGS California Water Science Center (project ZG00EPN00). In-kind services (labor and some analyses) were provided by the USGS National Research Program (Water Mission Area), and high performance computing resources were provided by the USGS Advanced Research Computing Program (Core Science and Analytics). Project management at the SWRCB was done by Rick Humphreys, Elizabeth Haven, and Amanda Palumbo. The modeling effort benefitted from discussion with staff members of the Regional Water Quality Control Board - Central Valley Region, including Janis Cooke, Stephen Louie, Patrick Morris, and Michelle Wood, and USGS scientists including Barbara (Scudder) Eikenberry, Jacob Fled, David Krabbenhoft, Lisa Olsen, and Collin Eagles-Smith. The manuscript was improved by comments from several anonymous colleague reviewers and editorial comments by Mae Gustin. NR 99 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 49 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2016 VL 571 BP 364 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.088 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DW8UG UT WOS:000383930400038 PM 27378154 ER PT J AU Peoples, BK Midway, SR Sackett, D Lynch, A Cooney, PB AF Peoples, Brandon K. Midway, Stephen R. Sackett, Dana Lynch, Abigail Cooney, Patrick B. TI Twitter Predicts Citation Rates of Ecological Research SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID METRICS; TWEETS; IMPACT; ALTMETRICS; JOURNALS; SCIENCE; SCOPUS AB The relationship between traditional metrics of research impact (e.g., number of citations) and alternative metrics (altmetrics) such as Twitter activity are of great interest, but remain imprecisely quantified. We used generalized linear mixed modeling to estimate the relative effects of Twitter activity, journal impact factor, and time since publication on Web of Science citation rates of 1,599 primary research articles from 20 ecology journals published from 2012-2014. We found a strong positive relationship between Twitter activity (i.e., the number of unique tweets about an article) and number of citations. Twitter activity was a more important predictor of citation rates than 5-year journal impact factor. Moreover, Twitter activity was not driven by journal impact factor; the 'highest-impact' journals were not necessarily the most discussed online. The effect of Twitter activity was only about a fifth as strong as time since publication; accounting for this confounding factor was critical for estimating the true effects of Twitter use. Articles in impactful journals can become heavily cited, but articles in journals with lower impact factors can generate considerable Twitter activity and also become heavily cited. Authors may benefit from establishing a strong social media presence, but should not expect research to become highly cited solely through social media promotion. Our research demonstrates that altmetrics and traditional metrics can be closely related, but not identical. We suggest that both altmetrics and traditional citation rates can be useful metrics of research impact. C1 [Peoples, Brandon K.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Conservat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Midway, Stephen R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sackett, Dana] Auburn Univ, Sch Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Lynch, Abigail] US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Cooney, Patrick B.] Smith Root Inc, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Peoples, BK (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Conservat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM peoples@clemson.edu OI Lynch, Abigail J./0000-0001-8449-8392 FU Smith-Root Inc FX Smith-Root Inc provided support in the form of salaries for author Patrick B. Cooney, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 11 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 11 AR e0166570 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0166570 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC0HG UT WOS:000387779200059 PM 27835703 ER PT J AU Yamaoka, K Geshi, N Hashimoto, T Ingebritsen, SE Oikawa, T AF Yamaoka, Koshun Geshi, Nobuo Hashimoto, Takeshi Ingebritsen, S. E. Oikawa, Teruki TI Special issue "The phreatic eruption of Mt. Ontake volcano in 2014" PREFACE SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MOUNT ONTAKE; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; JAPAN C1 [Yamaoka, Koshun] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Geshi, Nobuo; Oikawa, Teruki] Geol Survey Japan, Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Hashimoto, Takeshi] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Ingebritsen, S. E.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Yamaoka, K (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. EM kyamaoka@seis.nagoya-u.ac.jp NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1880-5981 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PD NOV 10 PY 2016 VL 68 AR 175 DI 10.1186/s40623-016-0548-4 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EC2DG UT WOS:000387919200001 ER PT J AU Hein, L Bagstad, K Edens, B Obst, C de Jong, R Lesschen, JP AF Hein, Lars Bagstad, Ken Edens, Bram Obst, Carl de Jong, Rixt Lesschen, Jan Peter TI Defining Ecosystem Assets for Natural Capital Accounting SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; LAND-USE; SERVICES; FLOW; CAPACITY; SCIENCE AB In natural capital accounting, ecosystems are assets that provide ecosystem services to people. Assets can be measured using both physical and monetary units. In the international System of Environmental-Economic Accounting, ecosystem assets are generally valued on the basis of the net present value of the expected flow of ecosystem services. In this paper we argue that several additional conceptualisations of ecosystem assets are needed to understand ecosystems as assets, in support of ecosystem assessments, ecosystem accounting and ecosystem management. In particular, we define ecosystems' capacity and capability to supply ecosystem services, as well as the potential supply of ecosystem services. Capacity relates to sustainable use levels of multiple ecosystem services, capability involves prioritising the use of one ecosystem service over a basket of services, and potential supply considers the ability of ecosystems to generate services regardless of demand for these services. We ground our definitions in the ecosystem services and accounting literature, and illustrate and compare the concepts of flow, capacity, capability, and potential supply with a range of conceptual and real-world examples drawn from case studies in Europe and North America. Our paper contributes to the development of measurement frameworks for natural capital to support environmental accounting and other assessment frameworks. C1 [Hein, Lars] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Bagstad, Ken] World Bank, Wealth Accounting & Valuat Ecosyst Serv WAVES Pro, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Bagstad, Ken] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Edens, Bram; de Jong, Rixt] Stat Netherlands, The Hague, Netherlands. [Obst, Carl] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sustainable Soc Inst, Parkville, Vic, Australia. [Lesschen, Jan Peter] Wageningen UR, Alterra, Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Hein, L (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. EM lars.hein@wur.nl NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 9 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 11 AR e164460 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0164460 PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EB9OG UT WOS:000387724300017 PM 27828969 ER PT J AU Thieler, ER Zeigler, SL Winslow, LA Hines, MK Read, JS Walker, JI AF Thieler, E. Robert Zeigler, Sara L. Winslow, Luke A. Hines, Megan K. Read, Jordan S. Walker, Jordan I. TI Smartphone-Based Distributed Data Collection Enables Rapid Assessment of Shorebird Habitat Suitability SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BAYESIAN NETWORK; PIPING PLOVERS; ASSISTED GPS; ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; ACCURACY AB Understanding and managing dynamic coastal landscapes for beach-dependent species requires biological and geological data across the range of relevant environments and habitats. It is difficult to acquire such information; data often have limited focus due to resource constraints, are collected by non-specialists, or lack observational uniformity. We developed an open-source smartphone application called iPlover that addresses these difficulties in collecting biogeomorphic information at piping plover (Charadrius melodus) nest sites on coastal beaches. This paper describes iPlover development and evaluates data quality and utility following two years of collection (n = 1799 data points over 1500 km of coast between Maine and North Carolina, USA). We found strong agreement between field user and expert assessments and high model skill when data were used for habitat suitability prediction. Methods used here to develop and deploy a distributed data collection system have broad applicability to interdisciplinary environmental monitoring and modeling. C1 [Thieler, E. Robert; Zeigler, Sara L.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Winslow, Luke A.; Hines, Megan K.; Read, Jordan S.; Walker, Jordan I.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. RP Thieler, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM rthieler@usgs.gov OI thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717 FU North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative; U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX This work was supported by the North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative through the U.S. Department of the Interior Hurricane Sandy recovery program under the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013, and the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program.; This work was supported by the North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative through the U.S. Department of the Interior Hurricane Sandy recovery program under the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013, and the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 9 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 11 AR e0164979 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0164979 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EB9OG UT WOS:000387724300023 PM 27828974 ER PT J AU Coates, PS Ricca, MA Prochazka, BG Brooks, ML Doherty, KE Kroger, T Blomberg, EJ Hagen, CA Casazza, ML AF Coates, Peter S. Ricca, Mark A. Prochazka, Brian G. Brooks, Matthew L. Doherty, Kevin E. Kroger, Travis Blomberg, Erik J. Hagen, Christian A. Casazza, Michael L. TI Wildfire, climate, and invasive grass interactions negatively impact an indicator species by reshaping sagebrush ecosystems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE alternate ecosystem state; cheatgrass; resilience; resistance; sage-grouse ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; NORTH-AMERICA; BIG SAGEBRUSH; FIRE; RESILIENCE; ECOLOGY; POPULATIONS; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT AB Iconic sagebrush ecosystems of the American West are threatened by larger and more frequent wildfires that can kill sagebrush and facilitate invasion by annual grasses, creating a cycle that alters sagebrush ecosystem recovery post disturbance. Thwarting this accelerated grass-fire cycle is at the forefront of current national conservation efforts, yet its impacts on wildlife populations inhabiting these ecosystems have not been quantified rigorously. Within a Bayesian framework, we modeled 30 y of wildfire and climatic effects on population rates of change of a sagebrush-obligate species, the greater sage-grouse, across the Great Basin of western North America. Importantly, our modeling also accounted for variation in sagebrush recovery time post fire as determined by underlying soil properties that influence ecosystem resilience to disturbance and resistance to invasion. Our results demonstrate that the cumulative loss of sagebrush to direct and indirect effects of wildfire has contributed strongly to declining sage-grouse populations over the past 30 y at large spatial scales. Moreover, long-lasting effects from wildfire nullified pulses of sage-grouse population growth that typically follow years of higher precipitation. If wildfire trends continue unabated, model projections indicate sage-grouse populations will be reduced to 43% of their current numbers over the next three decades. Our results provide a timely example of how altered fire regimes are disrupting recovery of sagebrush ecosystems and leading to substantial declines of a widespread indicator species. Accordingly, we present scenario-based stochastic projections to inform conservation actions that may help offset the adverse effects of wildfire on sage-grouse and other wildlife populations. C1 [Coates, Peter S.; Ricca, Mark A.; Prochazka, Brian G.; Kroger, Travis; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. [Doherty, Kevin E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. [Blomberg, Erik J.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Hagen, Christian A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97731 USA. RP Coates, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM pcoates@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 21 U2 21 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 8 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 45 BP 12745 EP 12750 DI 10.1073/pnas.1606898113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC4CL UT WOS:000388073300063 ER PT J AU Forde, TL Orsel, K Zadoks, RN Biek, R Adams, LG Checkley, SL Davison, T De Buck, J Dumond, M Elkin, BT Finnegan, L Macbeth, BJ Nelson, C Niptanatiak, A Sather, S Schwantje, HM van der Meer, F Kutz, SJ AF Forde, Taya L. Orsel, Karin Zadoks, Ruth N. Biek, Roman Adams, Layne G. Checkley, Sylvia L. Davison, Tracy De Buck, Jeroen Dumond, Mathieu Elkin, Brett T. Finnegan, Laura Macbeth, Bryan J. Nelson, Cait Niptanatiak, Amanda Sather, Shane Schwantje, Helen M. van der Meer, Frank Kutz, Susan J. TI Bacterial Genomics Reveal the Complex Epidemiology of an Emerging Pathogen in Arctic and Boreal Ungulates SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacteria; emerging disease; Erysipelothrix; genomics; molecular epidemiology; ungulate; wildlife ID HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS; ERYSIPELOTHRIX-RHUSIOPATHIAE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; MICROBIAL GENOMES; SWINE ERYSIPELAS; CAUSATIVE AGENT; SEQUENCE; WILDLIFE; HEALTH; IDENTIFICATION AB Northern ecosystems are currently experiencing unprecedented ecological change, largely driven by a rapidly changing climate. Pathogen range expansion, and emergence and altered patterns of infectious disease, are increasingly reported in wildlife at high latitudes. Understanding the causes and consequences of shifting pathogen diversity and host-pathogen interactions in these ecosystems is important for wildlife conservation, and for indigenous populations that depend on wildlife. Among the key questions are whether disease events are associated with endemic or recently introduced pathogens, and whether emerging strains are spreading throughout the region. In this study, we used a phylogenomic approach to address these questions of pathogen endemicity and spread for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, an opportunistic multi-host bacterial pathogen associated with recent mortalities in arctic and boreal ungulate populations in North America. We isolated E. rhusiopathiae from carcasses associated with large-scale die-offs of muskoxen in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and from contemporaneous mortality events and/or population declines among muskoxen in northwestern Alaska and caribou and moose in western Canada. Bacterial genomic diversity differed markedly among these locations; minimal divergence was present among isolates from muskoxen in the Canadian Arctic, while in caribou and moose populations, strains from highly divergent clades were isolated from the same location, or even from within a single carcass. These results indicate that mortalities among northern ungulates are not associated with a single emerging strain of E. rhusiopathiae, and that alternate hypotheses need to be explored. Our study illustrates the value and limitations of bacterial genomic data for discriminating between ecological hypotheses of disease emergence, and highlights the importance of studying emerging pathogens within the broader context of environmental and host factors. C1 [Forde, Taya L.; Orsel, Karin; Checkley, Sylvia L.; De Buck, Jeroen; Macbeth, Bryan J.; van der Meer, Frank; Kutz, Susan J.] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Forde, Taya L.; Zadoks, Ruth N.; Biek, Roman] Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Adams, Layne G.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Davison, Tracy] Govt Northwestern Terr, Environm & Nat Resources, Inuvik, NT, Canada. [Dumond, Mathieu; Niptanatiak, Amanda] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Kugluktuk, NU, Canada. [Elkin, Brett T.] Govt Northwestern Terr, Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT, Canada. [Finnegan, Laura] fRI Res, Hinton, AB, Canada. [Nelson, Cait; Schwantje, Helen M.] Govt British Columbia, Minist Forests Lands & Nat Resource Operat, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. [Sather, Shane] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Cambridge Bay, NU, Canada. [Kutz, Susan J.] Canadian Wildlife Hlth Cooperat, Calgary, AB, Canada. RP Kutz, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Calgary, AB, Canada.; Kutz, SJ (reprint author), Canadian Wildlife Hlth Cooperat, Calgary, AB, Canada. EM skutz@ucalgary.ca OI Forde, Taya/0000-0001-9058-7826 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Calgary Eyes High; Izaak Walton Killam Pre-Doctoral Scholarship; Canada North Outfitters; Nunavut General Monitoring Program; Nunavut harvesters Association; Inuvialuit Implementation; BC Oil and Gas Research and Innovation Society (OGRIS); Weyerhaeuser Co. Ltd; Alberta Environment and Parks Governments of Northwest Territories and Nunavut; fRIResearch FX Funding for this research was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant and Northern Supplement and Canada Graduate Scholarship, University of Calgary Eyes High, Izaak Walton Killam Pre-Doctoral Scholarship, Canada North Outfitters, Nunavut General Monitoring Program, Nunavut harvesters Association, Inuvialuit Implementation, BC Oil and Gas Research and Innovation Society (OGRIS), Weyerhaeuser Co. Ltd, Alberta Environment and Parks Governments of Northwest Territories and Nunavut, and fRIResearch. Any opinions, findings and conclusions expressed herein arc those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of funding entities. Funding entities had no involvement in the design of the study or in the interpretation of results. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD NOV 7 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 1759 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01759 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ED2PI UT WOS:000388689600001 PM 27872617 ER PT J AU Watts, KE Coble, MA Vazquez, JA Henry, CD Colgan, JP John, DA AF Watts, Kathryn E. Coble, Matthew A. Vazquez, Jorge A. Henry, Christopher D. Colgan, Joseph P. John, David A. TI Chemical abrasion-SIMS (CA-SIMS) U-Pb dating of zircon from the late Eocene Caetano caldera, Nevada SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chemical abrasion; Pb-loss; Zircon; Caetano; R33; TEMORA-2; U-Pb; SIMS ID ICP-MS; AR-40/AR-39 GEOCHRONOLOGY; AGE-DETERMINATIONS; IMPROVED ACCURACY; DECAY CONSTANTS; ION MICROPROBE; GREAT-BASIN; TH; EVOLUTION; SYSTEMATICS AB Zircon geochronology is a critical tool for establishing geologic ages and time scales of processes in the Earth's crust. However, for zircons compromised by open system behavior, achieving robust dates can be difficult. Chemical abrasion (CA) is a routine step prior to thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) dating of zircon to remove radiation-damaged parts of grains that may have experienced open system behavior and loss of radiogenic Pb. While this technique has been shown to improve the accuracy and precision of TIMS dating, its application to high-spatial resolution dating methods, such as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), is relatively uncommon. In our efforts to U-Pb date zircons from the late Eocene Caetano caldera by SIMS (SHRIMP-RG: sensitive high resolution ion microprobe, reverse geometry), some grains yielded anomalously young U-Pb ages that implicated Pb-loss and motivated us to investigate with a comparative CA and non-CA dating study. We present CA and non-CA Pb-206/U-238 ages and trace elements determined by SHRIMP-RG for zircons from three Caetano samples (Caetano Tuff, Redrock Canyon porphyry, and a silicic ring-fracture intrusion) and for R33 and TEMORA-2 reference zircons. We find that non-CA Caetano zircons have weighted mean or bimodal U-Pb ages that are 2-4% younger than CA zircons for the same samples. CA Caetano zircons have mean U-Pb ages that are 0.4-0.6 Myr older than the Ar-40/Ar-39 sanidine eruption age (34.00 +/- 0.03 Ma; error-weighted mean, 2 sigma), whereas non-CA zircons have ages that are 0.7-1.3 Myr younger. U-Pb ages do not correlate with U (similar to 100-800 ppm), Th (similar to 50-300 ppm) or any other measured zircon trace elements (Y, Hf, REE), and CA and non-CA Caetano zircons define identical trace element ranges. No statistically significant difference in U-Pb age is observed for CA versus non-CA R33 or TEMORA-2 zircons. Optical profiler measurements of ion microprobe pits demonstrate consistent depths of similar to 1.6 mu m for CA and non-CA Caetano, R33 and TEMORA-2 zircons, and do not indicate variations in secondary ion sputtering rates due to chemical or structural changes from the CA treatment. Our new data underscore the potential for cryptic Pb-loss to go unrecognized in other geologically young magmatic centers that do not have zircons with high U, statistically discordant isotope ratios, high common Pb, or metamict textures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Watts, Kathryn E.; Vazquez, Jorge A.; John, David A.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Coble, Matthew A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Stanford USGS Ion Microprobe Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Henry, Christopher D.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Colgan, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Watts, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kwatts@usgs.gov OI Coble, Matthew/0000-0002-7536-0559; Colgan, Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436; John, David/0000-0001-7977-9106 FU USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship FX We thank Karrie Weaver, Marty Grove, Joe Wooden, and Aaron Palke for providing laboratory assistance at Stanford University, Leslie Hayden for guiding SEM sessions at the USGS microanalytical facility, and Bill McIntosh, Matt Heizler, Lisa Peters and Rich Esser for supervising 40Ar/39Ar analyses at the New Mexico Geochronology Research Laboratory. We thank Marsha Lidzbarski for sharing advice on CA methods, Mark Stelten for helpful conversations about 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, and Jeremy Hourigan for the use of his optical profiler at U.C. Santa Cruz. Thoughtful manuscript reviews by Peter Lipman, Drew Coleman, Jorn Wotzlaw and an anonymous reviewer improved the presentation of this work. This research was funded by a USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded to K. Watts. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD NOV 7 PY 2016 VL 439 BP 139 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.06.013 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DU6ST UT WOS:000382345600012 ER PT J AU von Biela, VR Newsome, SD Bodkin, JL Kruse, GH Zimmerman, CE AF von Biela, Vanessa R. Newsome, Seth D. Bodkin, James L. Kruse, Gordon H. Zimmerman, Christian E. TI Widespread kelp-derived carbon in pelagic and benthic nearshore fishes suggested by stable isotope analysis SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phytoplankton; Carbon; Isotope; Energy flow; Black rockfish; Kelp greenling ID FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; GIANT-KELP; SEA OTTERS; MACROCYSTIS-PYRIFERA; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS; ALEUTIAN ARCHIPELAGO; SPATIAL VARIABILITY AB Kelp forests provide habitat for diverse and abundant fish assemblages, but the extent to which kelp provides a source of energy to fish and other predators is unclear. To examine the use of kelp-derived energy by fishes we estimated the contribution of kelp- and phytoplankton-derived carbon using carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) isotopes measured in muscle tissue. Benthic-foraging kelp greenling (Hexagrammos decagrammus) and pelagic-foraging black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) were collected at eight sites spanning similar to 35 to 60 degrees N from the California Current (upwelling) to Alaska Coastal Current (downwelling) in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Muscle delta C-13 values were expected to be higher for fish tissue primarily derived from kelp, a benthic macroalgae, and lower for tissue primarily derived from phytoplankton, pelagic microalgae. Muscle delta C-13 values were higher in benthic-feeding kelp greenling than in pelagic-feeding black rockfish at seven of eight sites, indicating more kelp-derived carbon in greenling as expected. Estimates of kelp carbon contributions ranged from 36 to 89% in kelp greenling and 32 to 65% in black rockfish using carbon isotope mixing models. Isotopic evidence suggests that these two nearshore fishes routinely derive energy from kelp and phytoplankton, across coastal up welling and downwelling systems. Thus, the foraging mode of nearshore predators has a small influence on their ultimate energy source as energy produced by benthic macroalgae and pelagic microalgae were incorporated in fish tissue regardless of feeding mode and suggest strong and widespread benthic-pelagic coupling. Widespread kelp contributions to benthic- and pelagic-feeding fishes suggests that kelp energy provides a benefit to nearshore fishes and highlights the potential for kelp and fish production to be linked. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [von Biela, Vanessa R.; Bodkin, James L.; Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [von Biela, Vanessa R.; Kruse, Gordon H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Newsome, Seth D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP von Biela, VR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.; von Biela, VR (reprint author), 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM vvonbiela@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area; Department of the Interior on the Landscape Initiative FX This work is part of the Pacific Nearshore Project supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area and the Department of the Interior on the Landscape Initiative to investigate biotic response to environmental variation in nearshore habitats of the northeast Pacific Ocean. We thank the USGS Pacific Nearshore Team for project support, H. Coletti and the National Park Service, M. Murray and the Monterey Bay Aquarium, S. Larson at the Seattle Aquarium, S. Hoobler and the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, L. Nichols and Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans, B. Ballachey, K. Bodkin, L. Bowen, T. Dean, G. Esslinger, J. Estes, A. Fukuyama, B. Hatfield, M. Kenner, K. Kloecker, D. Monson, L. Nichol, R. Markel, A. Miles, S. Saupe, G. Snedgen, M. Staedler, T. Tinker, J. Tomoleoni, C. Turner, K. Vicknair, B. Weitzman, and S. Wood for fish collections as well as K. Blomberg, R. Jones, and D. Boro for laboratory assistance. S. Wood, an anonymous reviewer and the associated editor provided helpful comments that improved this manuscript. All samples were collected under permits issued by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 91 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD NOV 5 PY 2016 VL 181 BP 364 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2016.08.039 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EA2EV UT WOS:000386406500036 ER PT J AU Amato, DW Bishop, JM Glenn, CR Dulai, H Smith, CM AF Amato, Daniel W. Bishop, James M. Glenn, Craig R. Dulai, Henrietta Smith, Celia M. TI Impact of Submarine Groundwater Discharge on Marine Water Quality and Reef Biota of Maui SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEFS; MACROALGAL BLOOMS; SEWAGE POLLUTION; KANEOHE BAY; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; PHYSICAL HABITAT; ULVA SPP.; NITROGEN; HAWAII; DELTA-N-15 AB Generally unseen and infrequently measured, submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can transport potentially large loads of nutrients and other land-based contaminants to coastal ecosystems. To examine this linkage we employed algal bioassays, benthic community analysis, and geochemical methods to examine water quality and community parameters of nearshore reefs adjacent to a variety of potential, land-based nutrient sources on Maui. Three common reef algae, Acanthophora spicifera, Hypnea musciformis, and Ulva spp. were collected and/or deployed at six locations with SGD. Algal tissue nitrogen (N) parameters (delta N-15, N %, and C:N) were compared with nutrient and delta N-15-nitrate values of coastal groundwater and nearshore surface water at all locations. Benthic community composition was estimated for ten 10-m transects per location. Reefs adjacent to sugarcane farms had the greatest abundance of macroalgae, low species diversity, and the highest concentrations of N in algal tissues, coastal groundwater, and marine surface waters compared to locations with low anthropogenic impact. Based on delta N-15 values of algal tissues, we estimate ca. 0.31 km(2) of Kahului Bay is impacted by effluent injected underground at the Kahului Wastewater Reclamation Facility (WRF); this region is barren of corals and almost entirely dominated by colonial zoanthids. Significant correlations among parameters of algal tissue N with adjacent surface and coastal groundwater N indicate that these bioassays provided a useful measure of nutrient source and loading. A conceptual model that uses Ulva spp. tissue delta N-15 and N% to identify potential N source(s) and relative N loading is proposed for Hawai'i. These results indicate that SGD can be a significant transport pathway for land-based nutrients with important biogeochemical and ecological implications in tropical, oceanic islands. C1 [Amato, Daniel W.; Smith, Celia M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bishop, James M.; Glenn, Craig R.; Dulai, Henrietta] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bishop, James M.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Amato, DW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM dwamato@hawaii.edu OI Bishop, James/0000-0001-9394-4008; Amato, Daniel/0000-0003-0265-7711 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [R/HE-17, R/SB-12, R/WR-2]; University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, SOEST from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce [NA09OAR4170060, NA140AR4170071]; STAR Fellowship [FP-91727301-2]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This paper is funded in part by a grant/ cooperative agreement from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Project R/HE-17, R/SB-12, R/WR-2, which is sponsored by the University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, SOEST, under Institutional Grant No. NA09OAR4170060, NA140AR4170071 from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies; UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-14-42; http://seagrant.soest.hawaii.edu/research-0. Daniel W. Amato was supported by a STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement no. FP-91727301-2, awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA has not formally reviewed the work and does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication; https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstra ctDetail/abstract/9899/report/0. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 27 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 3 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 11 AR e0165825 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0165825 PG 28 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EA8SX UT WOS:000386910000067 PM 27812171 ER PT J AU Pesicek, JD Cieslik, K Lambert, MA Carrillo, P Birkelo, B AF Pesicek, Jeremy D. Cieslik, Konrad Lambert, Marc-Andre Carrillo, Pedro Birkelo, Brad TI Dense surface seismic data confirm non-double-couple source mechanisms induced by hydraulic fracturing SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOMENT-TENSOR INVERSION; INJECTION EXPERIMENT; EARTHQUAKES; MICROEARTHQUAKES; SITE; HYDROFRACTURE; STIMULATION; CALIFORNIA; RESOLUTION; VOLCANO AB We have determined source mechanisms for nine high-quality microseismic events induced during hydraulic fracturing of the Montney Shale in Canada. Seismic data were recorded using a dense regularly spaced grid of sensors at the surface. The design and geometry of the survey are such that the recorded P-wave amplitudes essentially map the upper focal hemisphere, allowing the source mechanism to be interpreted directly from the data. Given the inherent difficulties of computing reliable moment tensors (MTs) from high-frequency microseismic data, the surface amplitude and polarity maps provide important additional confirmation of the source mechanisms. This is especially critical when interpreting non-shear source processes, which are notoriously susceptible to artifacts due to incomplete or inaccurate source modeling. We have found that most of the nine events contain significant non-double-couple (DC) components, as evident in the surface amplitude data and the resulting MT models. Furthermore, we found that source models that are constrained to be purely shear do not explain the data for most events. Thus, even though non-DC components of MTs can often be attributed to modeling artifacts, we argue that they are required by the data in some cases, and can be reliably computed and confidently interpreted under favorable conditions. C1 [Pesicek, Jeremy D.] Spectraseis Inc, Denver, CO USA. [Pesicek, Jeremy D.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Cieslik, Konrad; Lambert, Marc-Andre; Carrillo, Pedro; Birkelo, Brad] Spectraseis Inc, Denver, CO USA. RP Pesicek, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jpesicek@usgs.gov; konrad.cieslik@spectraseis.com; marc.lambert@spectraseis.com; pedro.carrillo@spectraseis.com; brad.birkelo@spectraseis.com NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 81 IS 6 BP KS207 EP KS217 DI 10.1190/GEO2016-0192.1 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EJ0UQ UT WOS:000392926400070 ER PT J AU Arab, A Courter, JR Zelt, J AF Arab, Ali Courter, Jason R. Zelt, Jessica TI A spatio-temporal comparison of avian migration phenology using Citizen Science data SO SPATIAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Spatial analysis; Hierarchical Bayesian models; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Ornithology; Climate change ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPRING MIGRATION; BIRDS; MODELS; HUMMINGBIRDS; DISTANCE; IMPACTS; ARRIVAL; TRENDS AB The effects of climate change have wide-ranging impacts on wildlife species and recent studies indicate that birds' spring arrival dates are advancing in response to changes in global climates. In this paper, we propose a spatio-temporal approach for comparing avian first arrival data for multiple species. As an example, we analyze spring arrival data for two long-distance migrants (Ruby-throated Hummingbird Archilochus colubris; and Purple Martin Progne subis) in eastern North America from 2001-2010 using Citizen Science data. The proposed approach provides researchers with a tool to compare mean arrival dates while accounting for spatial and temporal variability. Our results show that on average, Purple Martins arrive 29.95 to 31.84 days earlier than Ruby-throated Hummingbirds, but after accounting for this overall difference, spatial nuances exist whereby martins arrive earlier in the southern United States and migrate northward at a slower rate than hummingbirds. Differences were also noted in how climate and weather variables such as the North Atlantic Oscillation index, winter temperature, winter-spring precipitation, sampling effort, and altitude impacted migration dates. Our method may easily be generalized to analyze a broad range of temporal and spatial Citizen Scientists data to help better understand the ecological impacts of climate change. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Arab, Ali] Georgetown Univ, Dept Math & Stat, 37th & O St, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Courter, Jason R.] Malone Univ, Dept Sci & Math, 2600 Cleveland Ave NW, Canton, OH 44709 USA. [Zelt, Jessica] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East,Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Arab, A (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Math & Stat, 37th & O St, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM aa577@georgetown.edu FU Annenberg Foundation; Purple Martin Conservation Association FX We thank L. Chambers from hummingbirds. net, E. Howard from Journey North, with funding from the Annenberg Foundation, and the Purple Martin Conservation Association for collecting and compiling thousands of first-arrival reports. We are also grateful to the countless contributors from Journey North, hummingbirds. net, and the Purple Martin Conservation Association for a decade of careful observation which made a study of this magnitude possible. The authors would like to thank Alfred Stein and Denis Allard for the invitation to submit to the special issue. We would also like to thank the Guest Editor and anonymous reviewers for carefully reading the manuscript. Their helpful and critical comments and suggestions on our earlier drafts helped us substantially improve the manuscript. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2211-6753 J9 SPAT STAT-NETH JI Spat. Stat. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 18 SI SI BP 234 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.spasta.2016.06.006 PN A PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Geology; Mathematics; Remote Sensing GA EJ5BZ UT WOS:000393232800015 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Green, CT LaBolle, EM Neupauer, RM Sun, HG AF Zhang, Yong Green, Christopher T. LaBolle, Eric M. Neupauer, Roseanna M. Sun, HongGuang TI Bounded fractional diffusion in geological media: Definition and Lagrangian approximation SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RANDOM-WALK METHOD; HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; TIME; DISPERSION; MODEL; DYNAMICS; EQUATION; CAPTURE AB Spatiotemporal fractional-derivative models (FDMs) have been increasingly used to simulate non-Fickian diffusion, but methods have not been available to define boundary conditions for FDMs in bounded domains. This study defines boundary conditions and then develops a Lagrangian solver to approximate bounded, one-dimensional fractional diffusion. Both the zero-value and nonzero-value Dirichlet, Neumann, and mixed Robin boundary conditions are defined, where the sign of Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative (capturing nonzero-value spatial-nonlocal boundary conditions with directional superdiffusion) remains consistent with the sign of the fractional-diffusive flux term in the FDMs. New Lagrangian schemes are then proposed to track solute particles moving in bounded domains, where the solutions are checked against analytical or Eulerian solutions available for simplified FDMs. Numerical experiments show that the particle-tracking algorithm for non-Fickian diffusion differs from Fickian diffusion in relocating the particle position around the reflective boundary, likely due to the nonlocal and nonsymmetric fractional diffusion. For a nonzero-value Neumann or Robin boundary, a source cell with a reflective face can be applied to define the release rate of random-walking particles at the specified flux boundary. Mathematical definitions of physically meaningful nonlocal boundaries combined with bounded Lagrangian solvers in this study may provide the only viable techniques at present to quantify the impact of boundaries on anomalous diffusion, expanding the applicability of FDMs from infinite domains to those with any size and boundary conditions. C1 [Zhang, Yong] Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Green, Christopher T.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [LaBolle, Eric M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Neupauer, Roseanna M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sun, HongGuang] Hohai Univ, Coll Mech & Mat, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM yzhang264@ua.edu OI NEUPAUER, ROSEANNA/0000-0002-4918-810X FU National Science Foundation [DMS-1460319]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41628202, 11572112]; University of Alabama FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant DMS-1460319, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41628202 and 11572112), and the University of Alabama. This paper does not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies. Y.Z. also thanks Boris Baeumer and Mark M. Meerschaert for helpful discussion and constructive comments. The data used in this study are available upon request from the author at yzhang264@ua.edu. We thank the Associate Editor and reviewers for constructive comments that improved the presentation of this work. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 52 IS 11 BP 8561 EP 8577 DI 10.1002/2016WR019178 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EJ6GY UT WOS:000393318600010 ER PT J AU Ruppel, CD Herman, BM Brothers, LL Hart, PE AF Ruppel, Carolyn D. Herman, Bruce M. Brothers, Laura L. Hart, Patrick E. TI Subsea ice-bearing permafrost on the US Beaufort Margin: 2. Borehole constraints SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID GEOTHERMAL REGIME; SEA; SHELF; AMPLIFICATION; SEDIMENTS AB Borehole logging data from legacy wells directly constrain the contemporary distribution of subsea permafrost in the sedimentary section at discrete locations on the U.S. Beaufort Margin and complement recent regional analyses of exploration seismic data to delineate the permafrost's offshore extent. Most usable borehole data were acquired on a similar to 500 km stretch of the margin and within 30 km of the contemporary coastline from north of Lake Teshekpuk to nearly the U.S.-Canada border. Relying primarily on deep resistivity logs that should be largely unaffected by drilling fluids and hole conditions, the analysis reveals the persistence of several hundred vertical meters of ice-bonded permafrost in nearshore wells near Prudhoe Bay and Foggy Island Bay, with less permafrost detected to the east and west. Permafrost is inferred beneath many barrier islands and in some nearshore and lagoonal (back-barrier) wells. The analysis of borehole logs confirms the offshore pattern of ice-bearing subsea permafrost distribution determined based on regional seismic analyses and reveals that ice content generally diminishes with distance from the coastline. Lacking better well distribution, it is not possible to determine the absolute seaward extent of ice-bearing permafrost, nor the distribution of permafrost beneath the present-day continental shelf at the end of the Pleistocene. However, the recovery of gas hydrate from an outer shelf well (Belcher) and previous delineation of a log signature possibly indicating gas hydrate in an inner shelf well (Hammerhead 2) imply that permafrost may once have extended across much of the shelf offshore Camden Bay. C1 [Ruppel, Carolyn D.; Brothers, Laura L.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Herman, Bruce M.] Bur Ocean Energy Management, Anchorage, AK USA. [Hart, Patrick E.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Ruppel, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM cruppel@usgs.gov OI Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 FU DOE-USGS [DE-FE0023495] FX The logging data and well reports for state wells and some federal wells are available from the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Division (http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/data/InfoAvail.html). The federal data and reports can be obtained from the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) in Anchorage, Alaska. This work was supported in part by DOE-USGS Interagency agreement DE-FE0023495 to C.R. T. Collett and K. Lewis provided access to USGS compilations of publicly available borehole logging files maintained in Denver. USGS researchers, particularly P. Nelson and D. Schier, had in some cases acquired, compiled, and/or edited these files to make them usable for previous studies. Personnel at the BOEM Anchorage office provided other borehole logs from the BSEE compilation when the USGS files were incomplete. We are grateful to T. Collett for informal review and invaluable comments, advice, and access to his own legacy publications during completion of this work and to P. Overduin for discussions and insights over several years. Comments by anonymous reviewers, W. Waite, and M. Frye also improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 17 IS 11 BP 4333 EP 4353 DI 10.1002/2016GC006582 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EI7XI UT WOS:000392717400003 ER PT J AU Brothers, LL Herman, BM Hart, PE Ruppel, CD AF Brothers, Laura L. Herman, Bruce M. Hart, Patrick E. Ruppel, Carolyn D. TI Subsea ice-bearing permafrost on the US Beaufort Margin: 1. Minimum seaward extent defined from multichannel seismic reflection data SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID GAS HYDRATE; PRUDHOE BAY; KARA SEA; SHELF; ALASKA; THICKNESS; SEDIMENTS; VELOCITY; CANADA; AREA AB Subsea ice-bearing permafrost (IBPF) and associated gas hydrate in the Arctic have been subject to a warming climate and saline intrusion since the last transgression at the end of the Pleistocene. The consequent degradation of IBPF is potentially associated with significant degassing of dissociating gas hydrate deposits. Previous studies interpreted the distribution of subsea permafrost on the U.S. Beaufort continental shelf based on geographically sparse data sets and modeling of expected thermal history. The most cited work projects subsea permafrost to the shelf edge (similar to 100 m isobath). This study uses a compilation of stacking velocity analyses from similar to 100,000 line-km of industry-collected multichannel seismic reflection data acquired over 57,000 km(2) of the U.S. Beaufort shelf to delineate continuous subsea IBPF. Gridded average velocities of the uppermost 750 ms two-way travel time range from 1475 to 3110 m s(-1). The monotonic, cross-shore pattern in velocity distribution suggests that the seaward extent of continuous IBPF is within 37 km of the modern shoreline at water depths <25 m. These interpretations corroborate recent Beaufort seismic refraction studies and provide the best, margin-scale evidence that continuous subsea IBPF does not currently extend to the northern limits of the continental shelf. C1 [Brothers, Laura L.; Ruppel, Carolyn D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Herman, Bruce M.] Bur Ocean Energy Management, Anchorage, AK USA. [Hart, Patrick E.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Brothers, LL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM lbrothers@usgs.gov OI Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 FU BOEM; DOE-USGS [DE-FE0002911]; DOE NETL/NRC Methane Hydrate Fellowship [DE-FC26-05NT42248]; USGS-DOE [DE-FE000291, 0023495] FX BOEM and DOE-USGS Interagency Agreement DE-FE0002911 supported this research. L.B. was supported by a DOE NETL/NRC Methane Hydrate Fellowship under DE-FC26-05NT42248. C.R. was supported by USGS-DOE Interagency Agreements DE-FE000291 and 0023495. We thank Tim Collett, Bill Schwab, Krissy Lewis, Matt Frye for support, data files and critical discussions. Tim Collett, David Foster, Susan Banet, Warren Wood and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful reviews. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. A subset of the data used in this study is available from the National Archive of Marine Seismic Surveys https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/NAMSS/. All data used in this study may be requested from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) (see supporting information). NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 17 IS 11 BP 4354 EP 4365 DI 10.1002/2016GC006584 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EI7XI UT WOS:000392717400004 ER PT J AU Han, L Hole, JA Stock, JM Fuis, GS Williams, CF Delph, JR Davenport, KK Livers, AJ AF Han, Liang Hole, John A. Stock, Joann M. Fuis, Gary S. Williams, Colin F. Delph, Jonathan R. Davenport, Kathy K. Livers, Amanda J. TI Seismic imaging of the metamorphism of young sediment into new crystalline crust in the actively rifting Imperial Valley, California SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SCIENTIFIC-DRILLING-PROJECT; SEA GEOTHERMAL-FIELD; STATE 2-14 WELL; TROUGH SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; WAVE-FORM TOMOGRAPHY; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SALTON TROUGH; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL RUPTURE; VELOCITY MODELS AB Plate-boundary rifting between transform faults is opening the Imperial Valley of southern California and the rift is rapidly filling with sediment from the Colorado River. Three 65-90 km long seismic refraction profiles across and along the valley, acquired as part of the 2011 Salton Seismic Imaging Project, were analyzed to constrain upper crustal structure and the transition from sediment to underlying crystalline rock. Both first arrival travel-time tomography and frequency-domain full-waveform inversion were applied to provide P-wave velocity models down to similar to 7 km depth. The valley margins are fault-bounded, beyond which thinner sediment has been deposited on preexisting crystalline rocks. Within the central basin, seismic velocity increases continuously from similar to 1.8 km/s sediment at the surface to > 6 km/s crystalline rock with no sharp discontinuity. Borehole data show young sediment is progressively metamorphosed into crystalline rock. The seismic velocity gradient with depth decreases approximately at the 4 km/s contour, which coincides with changes in the porosity and density gradient in borehole core samples. This change occurs at similar to 3 km depth in most of the valley, but at only similar to 1.5 km depth in the Salton Sea geothermal field. We interpret progressive metamorphism caused by high heat flow to be creating new crystalline crust throughout the valley at a rate comparable to the >= 2 km/Myr sedimentation rate. The newly formed crystalline crust extends to at least 7-8 km depth, and it is shallower and faster where heat flow is higher. Most of the active seismicity occurs within this new crust. C1 [Han, Liang; Hole, John A.; Delph, Jonathan R.; Davenport, Kathy K.; Livers, Amanda J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Han, Liang] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Stock, Joann M.] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Fuis, Gary S.; Williams, Colin F.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Delph, Jonathan R.] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Davenport, Kathy K.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Eugene, OR USA. [Livers, Amanda J.] Univ North Dakota, Energy & Environm Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Han, L (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA USA.; Han, L (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM lianghan@vt.edu OI Hole, John/0000-0002-5349-9111 FU NSF [0742263, 0742253]; U. S. Geological Survey's Multihazards Research Program; Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) [6244] FX We thank the Editor Thorsten Becker and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive reviews. This research was supported by NSF MARGINS and EarthScope grants 0742263 to J.A.H. and 0742253 to J.M.S., by the U. S. Geological Survey's Multihazards Research Program, and by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) (Contribution No. 6244). We thank the >90 field volunteers and USGS personnel who made data acquisition possible. Numerous landowners acknowledged in Rose et al. [2013] allowed access for shots and stations. Seismographs and technical support were provided by the IRIS-PASSCAL instrument facility; special thanks go to Mouse Reusch and Patrick Bastien from PASSCAL for their field and data efforts. Software support was provided by Landmark Software and Services, a Halliburton Company. The data have been archived at the IRIS DMC (http://ds.iris.edu/pic-ph5/metadata/SSIP/form.php). NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 17 IS 11 BP 4566 EP 4584 DI 10.1002/2016GC006610 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EI7XI UT WOS:000392717400017 ER PT J AU Van Beusekom, AE Viger, RJ AF Van Beusekom, A. E. Viger, R. J. TI A glacier runoff extension to the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE glacier runoff; Precipitation Runoff Modeling System; Alaska ID MASS-BALANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; HYDROLOGICAL MODEL; ALPINE GLACIERS; 20-1ST CENTURY; ICE-THICKNESS; SENSITIVITY; VOLUME; PARAMETERIZATION AB A module to simulate glacier runoff, PRMSglacier, was added to PRMS (Precipitation Runoff Modeling System), a distributed-parameter, physical-process hydrological simulation code. The extension does not require extensive on-glacier measurements or computational expense but still relies on physical principles over empirical relations as much as is feasible while maintaining model usability. PRMSglacier is validated on two basins in Alaska, Wolverine, and Gulkana Glacier basin, which have been studied since 1966 and have a substantial amount of data with which to test model performance over a long period of time covering a wide range of climatic and hydrologic conditions. When error in field measurements is considered, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies of streamflow are 0.87 and 0.86, the absolute bias fractions of the winter mass balance simulations are 0.10 and 0.08, and the absolute bias fractions of the summer mass balances are 0.01 and 0.03, all computed over 42years for the Wolverine and Gulkana Glacier basins, respectively. Without taking into account measurement error, the values are still within the range achieved by the more computationally expensive codes tested over shorter time periods. C1 [Van Beusekom, A. E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Viger, R. J.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Van Beusekom, AE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM beusekom@usgs.gov OI Van Beusekom, Ashley/0000-0002-6996-978X FU Alaska Climate Science Center; Northwest Climate Science Center FX Output data are available on Science Base https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F75T3HMV (sources for input data are cited in the manuscript). This work was supported by the Alaska and Northwest Climate Science Centers. We would like to thank our anonymous reviewers and our colleagues at the U.S. Geological Survey, including Timothy Brabets and Lauren Hay. Any use of trade, product, or firms names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 85 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 121 IS 11 BP 2001 EP 2021 DI 10.1002/2015JF003789 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EI9KD UT WOS:000392825900003 ER PT J AU McGuire, LA Kean, JW Staley, DM Rengers, FK Wasklewicz, TA AF McGuire, Luke A. Kean, Jason W. Staley, Dennis M. Rengers, Francis K. Wasklewicz, Thad A. TI Constraining the relative importance of raindrop- and flow-driven sediment transport mechanisms in postwildfire environments and implications for recovery time scales SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE wildfire; sediment transport; numerical model; erosion; debris flow ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; FLUIDIZED GRANULAR MASSES; MODELING WATER EROSION; OVERLAND-FLOW; SOIL-EROSION; DEBRIS FLOWS; RAINFALL INTERCEPTION; PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES; POSTFIRE EROSION; PREDICTIVE MODEL AB Mountain watersheds recently burned by wildfire often experience greater amounts of runoff and increased rates of sediment transport relative to similar unburned areas. Given the sedimentation and debris flow threats caused by increases in erosion, more work is needed to better understand the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed increase in sediment transport in burned environments and the time scale over which a heightened geomorphic response can be expected. In this study, we quantified the relative importance of different hillslope erosion mechanisms during two postwildfire rainstorms at a drainage basin in Southern California by combining terrestrial laser scanner-derived maps of topographic change, field measurements, and numerical modeling of overland flow and sediment transport. Numerous debris flows were initiated by runoff at our study area during a long-duration storm of relatively modest intensity. Despite the presence of a well-developed rill network, numerical model results suggest that the majority of eroded hillslope sediment during this long-duration rainstorm was transported by raindrop-induced sediment transport processes, highlighting the importance of raindrop-driven processes in supplying channels with potential debris flow material. We also used the numerical model to explore relationships between postwildfire storm characteristics, vegetation cover, soil infiltration capacity, and the total volume of eroded sediment from a synthetic hillslope for different end-member erosion regimes. This study adds to our understanding of sediment transport in steep, postwildfire landscapes and shows how data from field monitoring can be combined with numerical modeling of sediment transport to isolate the processes leading to increased erosion in burned areas. C1 [McGuire, Luke A.; Kean, Jason W.; Staley, Dennis M.; Rengers, Francis K.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [McGuire, Luke A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wasklewicz, Thad A.] East Carolina Univ, Dept Geog, Greenville, NC USA. RP McGuire, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.; McGuire, LA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM lmcguire@email.arizona.edu FU National Geographic Society [Proposal002929-2009-0046-1]; National Science Foundation [02-39749, 09-34131]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landslide Hazards Program FX This work was supported by the National Geographic Society Proposal002929-2009-0046-1, National Science Foundation grants 02-39749 and 09-34131, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landslide Hazards Program. We thank Katerina Michaelides and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. All data in the present paper are available upon request to the corresponding author. NR 103 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 121 IS 11 BP 2211 EP 2237 DI 10.1002/2016JF003867 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EI9KD UT WOS:000392825900013 ER PT J AU Iverson, RM AF Iverson, Richard M. TI Comment on "The reduction of friction in long-runout landslides as an emergent phenomenon" by Brandon C. Johnson et al. SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE landslide; long runout; mobility; friction; modeling; experiments ID 2014 OSO DISASTER; ROCKSLIDE-AVALANCHE; GRANULAR AVALANCHES; MOBILITY; DEBRIS; DYNAMICS; TERRAIN AB Results from a highly idealized, 2-D computational model indicate that dynamic normal-stress rarefactions might cause friction reduction in long-runout landslides, but the physical relevance of the idealized dynamics has not been confirmed by experimental tests. More importantly, the model results provide no evidence that refutes alternative hypotheses about friction reduction mechanisms. One alternative hypothesis, which is strongly supported by field evidence, experimental data, and the predictions of a well-constrained computational model, involves development of high pore fluid pressures in deforming landslide material or overridden bed material. However, no scientific basis exists for concluding that a universal mechanism is responsible for friction reduction in all long-runout landslides. C1 [Iverson, Richard M.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Iverson, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM riverson@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 121 IS 11 BP 2238 EP 2242 DI 10.1002/2016JF003979 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EI9KD UT WOS:000392825900014 ER PT J AU Wynn, JG Robbins, LL Anderson, LG AF Wynn, J. G. Robbins, L. L. Anderson, L. G. TI Processes of multibathyal aragonite undersaturation in the Arctic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Review DE Western Arctic Ocean; aragonite saturation state; Polar Mixed Layer; Arctic Halocline; Canada Basin ID SEA-ICE MELTWATER; INORGANIC CARBON; BEAUFORT GYRE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ORGANIC NITROGEN; CANADIAN BASIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AMUNDSEN GULF; PACIFIC WATER; SURFACE-WATER AB During 3 years of study (2010-2012), the western Arctic Ocean was found to have unique aragonite saturation profiles with up to three distinct aragonite undersaturation zones. This complexity is produced as inflow of Atlantic-derived and Pacific-derived water masses mix with Arctic-derived waters, which are further modified by physiochemical and biological processes. The shallowest aragonite undersaturation zone, from the surface to approximate to 30 m depth is characterized by relatively low alkalinity and other dissolved ions. Besides local influence of biological processes on aragonite undersaturation of shallow coastal waters, the nature of this zone is consistent with dilution by sea-ice melt and invasion of anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere. A second undersaturated zone at approximate to 90-220 m depth (salinity approximate to 31.8-35.4) occurs within the Arctic Halocline and is characterized by elevated pCO(2) and nutrients. The nature of this horizon is consistent with remineralization of organic matter on shallow continental shelves bordering the Canada Basin and the input of the nutrients and CO2 entrained by currents from the Pacific Inlet. Finally, the deepest aragonite undersaturation zone is at greater than 2000 m depth and is controlled by similar processes as deep aragonite saturation horizons in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The comparatively shallow depth of this deepest aragonite saturation horizon in the Arctic is maintained by relatively low temperatures, and stable chemical composition. Understanding the mechanisms controlling the distribution of these aragonite undersaturation zones, and the time scales over which they operate will be crucial to refine predictive models. C1 [Wynn, J. G.] Univ S Florida, Sch Geosci, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Robbins, L. L.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Anderson, L. G.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Marine Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Wynn, JG (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Sch Geosci, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM jgwynn@gmail.com FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program; NSF Division of Polar Programs [PLR-1220032]; NOAA Office of Climate Observation; Swedish Polar Research Secretariat; Swedish Research Council; National Science Foundation IR/D program; Office of Regional Executive-Alaska FX This research was funded by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program and Office of Regional Executive-Alaska, and by NSF Division of Polar Programs (PLR-1220032) and NOAA Office of Climate Observation. We also acknowledge US State Department ECS program, chief scientists (Larry Mayer, Andy Armstrong), science support (Steve Roberts, Dale Chayes), and crew of the US Coast Guard Cutter Healy. The Oden 2005 cruise was supported by the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat and the research was funded by the Swedish Research Council. JW was supported by the National Science Foundation IR/D program. We thank Kelly Quinn, Victoria Coraci, Sherwood Liu, Paul Knorr, and Jessica Wilson for facilitating analyses. We thank anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Data from the HLY cruises used in this paper are available through USGS Data series 741 ((http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/741/pubs741/), 748 (http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/748/), and 862 (http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0862/) for HLY1002, HLY1102, and HLY1202, respectively). NR 121 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2016 VL 121 IS 11 BP 8248 EP 8267 DI 10.1002/2016JC011696 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EI9PP UT WOS:000392841000017 ER PT J AU Byrd, KB Windham-Myers, L Leeuw, T Downing, B Morris, JT Ferner, MC AF Byrd, Kristin B. Windham-Myers, Lisamarie Leeuw, Thomas Downing, Bryan Morris, James T. Ferner, Matthew C. TI Forecasting tidal marsh elevation and habitat change through fusion of Earth observations and a process model SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE biomass; coastal management; elevation; hyperspectral remote sensing; marsh accretion; multispectral remote sensing; sea-level rise; suspended sediment concentration; tidal marsh ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; SAN-JOAQUIN DELTA; SALT-MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT; BIOMASS ESTIMATION; COASTAL MARSHES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL CHANGE AB Reducing uncertainty in data inputs at relevant spatial scales can improve tidal marsh forecasting models, and their usefulness in coastal climate change adaptation decisions. The Marsh Equilibrium Model (MEM), a one-dimensional mechanistic elevation model, incorporates feedbacks of organic and inorganic inputs to project elevations under sea-level rise scenarios. We tested the feasibility of deriving two key MEM inputs-average annual suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and aboveground peak biomass-from remote sensing data in order to apply MEM across a broader geographic region. We analyzed the precision and representativeness (spatial distribution) of these remote sensing inputs to improve understanding of our study region, a brackish tidal marsh in San Francisco Bay, and to test the applicable spatial extent for coastal modeling. We compared biomass and SSC models derived from Landsat 8, DigitalGlobe WorldView-2, and hyperspectral airborne imagery. Landsat 8-derived inputs were evaluated in a MEM sensitivity analysis. Biomass models were comparable although peak biomass from Landsat 8 best matched field-measured values. The Portable Remote Imaging Spectrometer SSC model was most accurate, although a Landsat 8 time series provided annual average SSC estimates. Landsat 8-measured peak biomass values were randomly distributed, and annual average SSC (30 mg/L) was well represented in the main channels (IQR: 29-32 mg/L), illustrating the suitability of these inputs across the model domain. Trend response surface analysis identified significant diversion between field and remote sensing-based model runs at 60 yr due to model sensitivity at the marsh edge (80-140 cm NAVD88), although at 100 yr, elevation forecasts differed less than 10 cm across 97% of the marsh surface (150-200 cm NAVD88). Results demonstrate the utility of Landsat 8 for landscape-scale tidal marsh elevation projections due to its comparable performance with the other sensors, temporal frequency, and cost. Integration of remote sensing data with MEM should advance regional projections of marsh vegetation change by better parameterizing MEM inputs spatially. Improving information for coastal modeling will support planning for ecosystem services, including habitat, carbon storage, and flood protection. C1 [Byrd, Kristin B.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Windham-Myers, Lisamarie] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Leeuw, Thomas] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Downing, Bryan] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Morris, James T.] Univ South Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Columbia, SC 20208 USA. [Morris, James T.] Univ South Carolina, Dept Biol, Columbia, SC 20208 USA. [Ferner, Matthew C.] San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Leeuw, Thomas] Sequoia Sci Inc, Bellevue, WA 98005 USA. RP Byrd, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kbyrd@usgs.gov FU NASA [NNH14AX16I]; U.S. Geological Survey Land Change Science Program; Federal Coastal Zone Management Act FX We thank Lisa Schile for access to Rush Ranch data, DEM, and vegetation distribution models. We thank the Solano Land Trust for access to the Rush Ranchtidal marsh site. We thank Michael Vasey for project support and for assistance with field data collection. We thank Thomas Parker for use of SFSU drying ovens and laboratory space. For field data collection and processing, we thank Bernhard Warzecha, Anna Deck, Lara Martin, and Rebecca Crowe. For aquatic remote sensing field and modeling support, we thank Brian Bergamaschi, Emmanuel Boss, and Adam McClure. For PRISM data, we thank Cedric Fichot, Michelle Gierach, David R. Thompson (atmospheric correction, georeferencing), and the JPL PRISM team. For AVIRIS data, we thank the NASA HyspIRI Preparatory Airborne Campaign and the JPL AVIRIS team. This research was funded by the NASA Applied Sciences Program in Ecological Forecasting for Conservation and Natural Resource Management (Grant no. NNH14AX16I), the U.S. Geological Survey Land Change Science Program, and an award under the Federal Coastal Zone Management Act, administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office for Coastal Management (to San Francisco State University). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 108 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2016 VL 7 IS 11 AR e01582 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1582 PG 27 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI1AP UT WOS:000392207600004 ER PT J AU Davis, FW Sweet, LC Serra-Diaz, JM Franklin, J McCullough, I Flint, A Flint, L Dingman, JR Regan, HM Syphard, AD Hannah, L Redmond, K Moritz, MA AF Davis, Frank W. Sweet, Lynn C. Serra-Diaz, Josep M. Franklin, Janet McCullough, Ian Flint, Alan Flint, Lorraine Dingman, John R. Regan, Helen M. Syphard, Alexandra D. Hannah, Lee Redmond, Kelly Moritz, Max A. TI Shrinking windows of opportunity for oak seedling establishment in southern California mountains SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE California; climate change; climatic water deficit; microclimate; Quercus ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; QUERCUS-DOUGLASII; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; REGENERATION NICHE; TREE REGENERATION; FOREST STRUCTURE; NATIONAL-PARK AB Seedling establishment is a critical step that may ultimately govern tree species' distribution shifts under environmental change. Annual variation in the location of seed rain and microclimates results in transient "windows of opportunity" for tree seedling establishment across the landscape. These establishment windows vary at fine spatiotemporal scales that are not considered in most assessments of climate change impacts on tree species range dynamics and habitat displacement. We integrate field seedling establishment trials conducted in the southern Sierra Nevada and western Tehachapi Mountains of southern California with spatially downscaled grids of modeled water-year climatic water deficit (CWDwy) and mean August maximum daily temperature (T-max) to map historical and projected future microclimates suitable for establishment windows of opportunity for Quercus douglasii, a dominant tree species of warm, dry foothill woodlands, and Q. kelloggii, a dominant of cooler, more mesic montane woodlands and forests. Based on quasi-binomial regression models, Q. douglasii seedling establishment is significantly associated with modeled CWDwy and to a lesser degree with modeled T-max. Q. kelloggii seedling establishment is most strongly associated with T-max and best predicted by a two-factor model including CWDwy and T-max. Establishment niche models are applied to explore recruitment window dynamics in the western Tehachapi Mountains, where these species are currently widespread canopy dominants. Establishment windows are projected to decrease by 50-95%, shrinking locally to higher elevations and north-facing slopes by the end of this century depending on the species and climate scenario. These decreases in establishment windows suggest the potential for longer-term regional population declines of the species. While many additional processes regulate seedling establishment and growth, this study highlights the need to account for topoclimatic controls and interannual climatic variation when assessing how seedling establishment and colonization processes could be affected by climate change. C1 [Davis, Frank W.; McCullough, Ian] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Sweet, Lynn C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Serra-Diaz, Josep M.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01377 USA. [Franklin, Janet] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, POB 875302, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Flint, Alan; Flint, Lorraine] USGS, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Dingman, John R.] Calif Air Resources Board, 1001 I St, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. [Regan, Helen M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, 10423 Sierra Vista Ave, La Mesa, CA 91941 USA. [Hannah, Lee] Conservat Int, Moore Ctr Sci, 2011 Crystal Dr, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Redmond, Kelly] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Moritz, Max A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Ecosyst Sci, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Davis, FW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM fwd@bren.ucsb.edu FU National Science Foundation [EF-1065864, EF-1065826, EF-1065753]; San Joaquin Experimental Range; Tejon Ranch Company; Tejon Ranch Conservancy; UCSB's Earth Research Institute FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation's Macrosystems Biology Program (EF-1065864 to FWD, Principal Investigator; EF-1065826 to JF; EF-1065753 to HMR; EF-1065864 to MAM). We thank research and support personnel at the Teakettle Experimental Forest (Malcolm North), the San Joaquin Experimental Range (Renee Denton and Kathryn Purcell), the Tejon Ranch Company, the Tejon Ranch Conservancy (Jennifer Browne, Mike White), and UCSB's Earth Research Institute for their assistance and support. We thank the following individuals for contributions to field site construction, field data collection, and data processing: Erin Conlisk, Stephanie Dashiell, Sage Davis, Lauren di Scipio, Elizabeth Hiroyasu, Ashley Hawkins, Eric Hopkins, Andy MacDonald, Katie Maher, Sean McKnight, Jason McClure, Phoebe Prather, Ethan Peck, Anderson Shepard, Peter Slaughter, Rebecca Swab, Chris True, and Whitney Wilkinson. Nate Stephenson provided helpful advice and feedback at several stages of the research. NR 93 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2016 VL 7 IS 11 AR e01573 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1573 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI1AP UT WOS:000392207600007 ER PT J AU Malone, SL Tulbure, MG Perez-Luque, AJ Assal, TJ Bremer, LL Drucker, DP Hillis, V Varela, S Goulden, ML AF Malone, Sparkle L. Tulbure, Mirela G. Perez-Luque, Antonio J. Assal, Timothy J. Bremer, Leah L. Drucker, Debora P. Hillis, Vicken Varela, Sara Goulden, Michael L. TI Drought resistance across California ecosystems: evaluating changes in carbon dynamics using satellite imagery SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE carbon-uptake efficiency; drought effects; ecosystem resistance; ecosystem type conversions; primary productivity; water-use efficiency ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; PRECIPITATION-USE EFFICIENCY; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODIS; PRODUCTIVITY; VEGETATION AB Drought is a global issue that is exacerbated by climate change and increasing anthropogenic water demands. The recent occurrence of drought in California provides an important opportunity to examine drought response across ecosystem classes (forests, shrublands, grasslands, and wetlands), which is essential to understand how climate influences ecosystem structure and function. We quantified ecosystem resistance to drought by comparing changes in satellite-derived estimates of water-use efficiency (WUE = net primary productivity [NPP]/evapotranspiration [ET]) under normal (i.e., baseline) and drought conditions (Delta WUE = WUE2014 - baseline WUE). With this method, areas with increasing WUE under drought conditions are considered more resilient than systems with declining WUE. Baseline WUE varied across California (0.08 to 3.85 g C/mm H2O) and WUE generally increased under severe drought conditions in 2014. Strong correlations between Delta WUE, precipitation, and leaf area index (LAI) indicate that ecosystems with a lower average LAI (i.e., grasslands) also had greater C-uptake rates when water was limiting and higher rates of carbon-uptake efficiency (CUE = NPP/LAI) under drought conditions. We also found that systems with a baseline WUE <= 0.4 exhibited a decline in WUE under drought conditions, suggesting that a baseline WUE <= 0.4 might be indicative of low drought resistance. Drought severity, precipitation, and WUE were identified as important drivers of shifts in ecosystem classes over the study period. These findings have important implications for understanding climate change effects on primary productivity and C sequestration across ecosystems and how this may influence ecosystem resistance in the future. C1 [Malone, Sparkle L.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 West Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Tulbure, Mirela G.] Univ New South Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Perez-Luque, Antonio J.] Univ Granada, Andalusian Ctr Environm Res, Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res, Lab Ecol iEcolab, Ave Mediterraneo S-N, Granada 18006, Spain. [Assal, Timothy J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Bremer, Leah L.] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Stanford Woods Inst Environm, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Drucker, Debora P.] Embrapa Informat Agr, Ave Andre Tosello 209,Campus Unicamp, BR-13083886 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Hillis, Vicken] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Varela, Sara] Leibniz Inst Evolut & Biodivers Sci, Museum Nat Kunde, Invalidenstr 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Goulden, Michael L.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Malone, SL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 West Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. EM sparklelmalone@fs.fed.us OI Assal, Timothy/0000-0001-6342-2954 FU National Science Foundation at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), a center - University of California, Santa Barbara [OCI-1216894]; State of California; NCEAS; MICINN (Spanish Government) [PTA 2011-6322-I]; USAID; U.S. Department of State through the Sustainable landscapes Brazil program; Australian Research Council [DE140101608] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the excellent support provided by the Open Science for Synthesis-2014 training (supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCI-1216894) at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), a center funded by the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. The authors would like to thank OSS instructors Nancy Baron, Ben Bolker, Stephanie Hampton, Matthew Jones, Karthik Ram, Mark Schildhauer, and the participants of the OSS training. The authors would also like to thank the Goulden Lab at the University of California Irvines. A. J. Perez-Luque acknowledges funding received by NCEAS and to MICINN (Spanish Government) for the PTA 2011-6322-I contract; D. P. Drucker acknowledges support from the USAID and the U.S. Department of State through the Sustainable landscapes Brazil program; and M.G. Tulbure acknowledges funding from the Australian Research Council Early Career Researcher Award (DE140101608). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NCEAS or author affiliations. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2016 VL 7 IS 11 AR e01561 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1561 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI1AP UT WOS:000392207600018 ER PT J AU McCaffery, R Lukacs, PM AF McCaffery, Rebecca Lukacs, Paul M. TI A generalized integrated population model to estimate greater sage-grouse population dynamics SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; hierarchical model; Montana; USA; N-mixture model; population growth rate ID N-MIXTURE MODELS; REPLICATED COUNTS; SEX-RATIO; ABUNDANCE; SURVIVAL; INFORMATION; IMPERFECT; RECOVERY; UTAH AB For species of conservation concern, assessing population dynamics consistently across different populations is of paramount importance to effective conservation and restoration planning. This effort presents a challenge for wide-ranging species with considerable variation in both abundance and demographic rates. Raw counts of individuals are typically used to assess population trends at broad scales, but the demographic rates that explain changes in population size can only feasibly be measured at local scales. We developed a generalized integrated population model, which combines the strengths of these two data types, for the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). We used N-mixture models to estimate annual abundance from counts of males at breeding leks and constructed a two-sex, demographic matrix model using published vital rate estimates for male and female sage-grouse from across their range. We applied the model to 13 years of statewide lek counts for Montana, USA. Then, we applied the model to local, annually varying vital rate estimates and lek count data from a population in the Powder River Basin in Montana and Wyoming. We demonstrate potential for this modeling approach to improve our understanding of sage-grouse population dynamics in a consistent and robust framework, especially as data quality and quantity increases. We use our results to highlight the need for better data on sex and age ratios, female population size, and the proportion of active leks being monitored each year. While our model was focused on the greater sage-grouse, this approach could be applied to a variety of sensitive species to compare population dynamics across a species' range. C1 [McCaffery, Rebecca; Lukacs, Paul M.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [McCaffery, Rebecca] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Olymp Field Stn, 600 East Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. RP McCaffery, R (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.; McCaffery, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Olymp Field Stn, 600 East Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. EM amphibecs@gmail.com OI McCaffery, Rebecca/0000-0002-0396-0387 FU Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA) FX We are particularly indebted to B. Walker for his patience in working through his data with us, for thoughtful discussions, and for a review of a previous version of the manuscript. We thank R. Taylor for useful initial discussions and K. Doherty, D. Koons, J. Nowak, B. Walker, and four anonymous reviewers for providing thoughtful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. We are grateful to Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks and Wyoming Fish and Game for providing access to their greater sage-grouse lek databases. The Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA) funded this project. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2016 VL 7 IS 11 AR e01585 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1585 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI1AP UT WOS:000392207600020 ER PT J AU Moseman-Valtierra, S Abdul-Aziz, OI Tang, JW Ishtiaq, KS Morkeski, K Mora, J Quinn, RK Martin, RM Egan, K Brannon, EQ Carey, J Kroeger, KD AF Moseman-Valtierra, Serena Abdul-Aziz, Omar I. Tang, Jianwu Ishtiaq, Khandker S. Morkeski, Kate Mora, Jordan Quinn, Ryan K. Martin, Rose M. Egan, Katharine Brannon, Elizabeth Q. Carey, Joanna Kroeger, Kevin D. TI Carbon dioxide fluxes reflect plant zonation and belowground biomass in a coastal marsh SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE biological invasion; blue carbon; emissions; global climate changes; Juncus gerardii; methane; nitrous oxide; sea-level rise; Spartina alterniflora ID AUSTRALIS COMMON REED; RADIAL OXYGEN LOSS; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; METHANE EMISSION; NITROGEN LOADS; NEW-ENGLAND; SALT-MARSH; SALINITY GRADIENT; SOIL RESPIRATION AB Coastal wetlands are major global carbon sinks; however, they are heterogeneous and dynamic ecosystems. To characterize spatial and temporal variability in a New England salt marsh, greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes were compared among major plant-defined zones during growing seasons. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes were compared in two mensurative experiments during summer months (2012-2014) that included low marsh (Spartina alterniflora), high marsh (Distichlis spicata and Juncus gerardii-dominated), invasive Phragmites australis zones, and unvegetated ponds. Day-and nighttime fluxes were also contrasted in the native marsh zones. N2O fluxes were measured in parallel with CO2 and CH4 fluxes, but were not found to be significant. To test the relationships of CO2 and CH4 fluxes with several native plant metrics, a multivariate nonlinear model was used. Invasive P. australis zones (-7 to -15 mu mol CO2.m(-2).s(-1)) and S. alterniflora low marsh zones (up to -14 mu mol CO2.m(-2).s(-1)) displayed highest average CO2 -uptake rates, while those in the native high marsh zone (less than -2 mu mol CO2.m(-2).s(-1)) were much lower. Unvegetated ponds were typically small sources of CO2 to the atmosphere (< 0.5 mu mol CO2.m(-2).s(-1)). Night-time emissions of CO2 averaged only 35% of daytime uptake in the low marsh zone, but they exceeded daytime CO2 uptake by up to threefold in the native high marsh zone. Based on modeling, belowground biomass was the plant metric most strongly correlated with CO2 fluxes in native marsh zones, while none of the plant variables correlated significantly with CH4 fluxes. Methane fluxes did not vary between day and night and did not significantly offset CO2 uptake in any vegetated marsh zones based on sustained global warming potential calculations. These findings suggest that attention to spatial zonation as well as expanded measurements and modeling of GHG emissions across greater temporal scales will help to improve accuracy of carbon accounting in coastal marshes. C1 [Moseman-Valtierra, Serena; Quinn, Ryan K.; Martin, Rose M.; Egan, Katharine; Brannon, Elizabeth Q.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Abdul-Aziz, Omar I.; Ishtiaq, Khandker S.] West Virginia Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 6103, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Abdul-Aziz, Omar I.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 10555 West Flagler St, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [Tang, Jianwu; Morkeski, Kate; Carey, Joanna] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, 7 MBL St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Mora, Jordan] Waquoit Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, 131 Waquoit Highway, Waquoit, MA 02536 USA. [Martin, Rose M.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Kroeger, Kevin D.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Moseman-Valtierra, S (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM smoseman@uri.edu RI Tang, Jianwu/K-6798-2014; OI Tang, Jianwu/0000-0003-2498-9012; Ishtiaq, Khandker/0000-0003-2130-2908 FU NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve Science Collaborative [03354]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch Project [229286]; National Science Foundation (NSF) CBET Award [1561941/1336911]; NOAA NERRA Grant [NA09NOS4190153]; National Science Foundation Program [EPS-1004057]; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology and LandCarbon Programs FX This research was funded by the NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve Science Collaborative (Award Number 03354). This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch Project (229286), awarded to Moseman-Valtierra at URI. Contributions of Abdul-Aziz and Ishtiaq were supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) CBET Award No. 1561941/1336911 and by the NOAA NERRA Grant No. NA09NOS4190153. R. Martin's fellowship was funded by the National Science Foundation Experimental Program to Stimulate Collaborative Research Cooperative Agreement (#EPS-1004057). Participation of Carey and Kroeger was supported by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology and LandCarbon Programs. Dr. FIizabeth Watson and Dr. Cathleen Wigand performed pore water sulfide analyses at the Atlantic Ecology Division of the Environmental Protection Agency in Narragansett, RI. Gas flux measurements from ponds were made by Genevieve Rybicki in 2013 and Isabella China in 2014. Additional research assistants including Ian Armitstead, Sean Kelley, Victoria Moebus, Solid Doman. Lauren Krohmer, Karissa Parker, and Michael Callahan helped with the collection, sorting, and weighing of the above- and belowground samples. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the. U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2016 VL 7 IS 11 AR e01560 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1560 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI1AP UT WOS:000392207600021 ER PT J AU Palmquist, KA Schlaepfer, DR Bradford, JB Lauenroth, WK AF Palmquist, Kyle A. Schlaepfer, Daniel R. Bradford, John B. Lauenroth, William K. TI Spatial and ecological variation in dryland ecohydrological responses to climate change: implications for management SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata; climate impacts; drought; dryland; ecohydrology; sagebrush; Sage-grouse Management Zone; shrub steppe; soil water availability; water balance ID SAGEBRUSH ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES; GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; BIG SAGEBRUSH; BROMUS-TECTORUM; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS; WATER-BALANCE; DRY REGIONS AB Ecohydrological responses to climate change will exhibit spatial variability and understanding the spatial pattern of ecological impacts is critical from a land management perspective. To quantify climate change impacts on spatial patterns of ecohydrology across shrub steppe ecosystems in North America, we asked the following question: How will climate change impacts on ecohydrology differ in magnitude and variability across climatic gradients, among three big sagebrush ecosystems (SB-Shrubland, SB-Steppe, SB-Montane), and among Sage-grouse Management Zones? We explored these potential changes for mid-century for RCP8.5 using a process-based water balance model (SOILWAT) for 898 big sagebrush sites using site-and scenario-specific inputs. We summarize changes in available soil water (ASW) and dry days, as these ecohydrological variables may be helpful in guiding land management decisions about where to geographically concentrate climate change mitigation and adaptation resources. Our results suggest that during spring, soils will be wetter in the future across the western United States, while soils will be drier in the summer. The magnitude of those predictions differed depending on geographic position and the ecosystem in question: Larger increases in mean daily spring ASW were expected for high-elevation SB-Montane sites and the eastern and central portions of our study area. The largest decreases in mean daily summer ASW were projected for warm, dry, mid-elevation SB-Montane sites in the central and west-central portions of our study area (decreases of up to 50%). Consistent with declining summer ASW, the number of dry days was projected to increase rangewide, but particularly for SB-Montane and SB-Steppe sites in the eastern and northern regions. Collectively, these results suggest that most sites will be drier in the future during the summer, but changes were especially large for mid-to high-elevation sites in the northern half of our study area. Drier summer conditions in high-elevation, SB-Montane sites may result in increased habitat suitability for big sagebrush, while those same changes will likely reduce habitat suitability for drier ecosystems. Our work has important implications for where land managers should prioritize resources for the conservation of North American shrub steppe plant communities and the species that depend on them. C1 [Palmquist, Kyle A.; Schlaepfer, Daniel R.; Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, 1000 East Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Schlaepfer, Daniel R.] Univ Basel, Dept Environm Sci, Sect Conservat Biol, St Johanns Vorstadt 10, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Palmquist, KA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, 1000 East Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM kpalmqu1@uwyo.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU University of Wyoming; US Fish and Wildlife Service; North Central Climate Science Center; US Department of Interior Geologic Survey; USGS Ecosystems Mission Area FX The work was made possible by funding from the University of Wyoming, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the North Central Climate Science Center, and the US Department of Interior Geologic Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. JBB was supported by the USGS Ecosystems Mission Area. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2016 VL 7 IS 11 AR e01590 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1590 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI1AP UT WOS:000392207600023 ER PT J AU Schweiger, EW Grace, JB Cooper, D Bobowski, B Britten, M AF Schweiger, E. William Grace, James B. Cooper, David Bobowski, Ben Britten, Mike TI Using structural equation modeling to link human activities to wetland ecological integrity SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE beaver; ecological integrity; human disturbance; Special Feature: Science for Our National Parks' Second Century; structural equation modeling; ungulates; wetlands ID MOUNTAIN-NATIONAL-PARK; ELK WINTER-RANGE; EXOTIC PLANT INVASIONS; MULTIMETRIC INDEXES; NATURAL-RESOURCES; UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; CARRYING-CAPACITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; WILLOW AB The integrity of wetlands is of global concern. A common approach to evaluating ecological integrity involves bioassessment procedures that quantify the degree to which communities deviate from historical norms. While helpful, bioassessment provides little information about how altered conditions connect to community response. More detailed information is needed for conservation and restoration. We have illustrated an approach to addressing this challenge using structural equation modeling (SEM) and long-term monitoring data from Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP). Wetlands in RMNP are threatened by a complex history of anthropogenic disturbance including direct alteration of hydrologic regimes; elimination of elk, wolves, and grizzly bears; reintroduction of elk (absent their primary predators); and the extirpation of beaver. More recently, nonnative moose were introduced to the region and have expanded into the park. Bioassessment suggests that up to half of the park's wetlands are not in reference condition. We developed and evaluated a general hypothesis about how human alterations influence wetland integrity and then develop a specific model using RMNP wetlands. Bioassessment revealed three bioindicators that appear to be highly sensitive to human disturbance (HD): (1) conservatism, (2) degree of invasion, and (3) cover of native forbs. SEM analyses suggest several ways human activities have impacted wetland integrity and the landscape of RMNP. First, degradation is highest where the combined effects of all types of direct HD have been the greatest (i.e., there is a general, overall effect). Second, specific HDs appear to create a "mixed-bag" of complex indirect effects, including reduced invasion and increased conservatism, but also reduced native forb cover. Some of these effects are associated with alterations to hydrologic regimes, while others are associated with altered shrub production. Third, landscape features created by historical beaver activity continue to influence wetland integrity years after beavers have abandoned sites via persistent landforms and reduced biomass of tall shrubs. Our model provides a system-level perspective on wetland integrity and provides a context for future evaluations and investigations. It also suggests scientifically supported natural resource management strategies that can assist in the National Park Service mission of maintaining or, when indicated, restoring ecological integrity "unimpaired for future generations." C1 [Schweiger, E. William; Britten, Mike] Natl Pk Serv, Rocky Mt Network, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Cooper, David] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cooper, David] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bobowski, Ben] Natl Pk Serv, Rocky Mt Natl Pk, Estes Pk, CO 80517 USA. RP Schweiger, EW (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Rocky Mt Network, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM billy_schweiger@nps.gov FU USGS Ecosystems and Climate and Land use Change Programs FX We gratefully acknowledge the collaborative assistance of G. Guntenspergen, D. Schoolmaster Jr., D. Leopold, I. Mendelssohn, J. Connor, T. Johnson, A. Ketz, T. Hobbs, K. Patterson, and J. Mack. NPS field crews, especially K. Haynes, were critical for collecting data, often in challenging conditions and always with good humor. K. Long provided important graphical support. A. Ray and J. Nesmith provided helpful comments on an early version of the manuscript. N. Gurwick and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved the final drafts. J. Grace was supported by the USGS Ecosystems and Climate and Land use Change Programs. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 147 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2016 VL 7 IS 11 AR e01548 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1548 PG 30 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI1AP UT WOS:000392207600029 ER PT J AU Witwicki, DL Munson, SM Thoma, DP AF Witwicki, Dana L. Munson, Seth M. Thoma, David P. TI Effects of climate and water balance across grasslands of varying C-3 and C-4 grass cover SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE C-3 grass; C-4 grass; climate change and variability; Colorado Plateau; long-term monitoring; native perennial grass cover; semiarid grasslands; Special Feature: Science for Our National Parks' Second Century; water balance ID NORTH-AMERICAN GRASSLANDS; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; MODEL SIMULATIONS; PRODUCTIVITY; SOIL; DROUGHT; ADAPTATION; ECOSYSTEMS; TRANSITION; SHRUBLANDS AB Climate change in grassland ecosystems may lead to divergent shifts in the abundance and distribution of C-3 and C-4 grasses. Many studies relate mean climate conditions over relatively long time periods to plant cover, but there is still much uncertainty about how the balance of C-3 and C-4 species will be affected by climate at a finer temporal scale than season (individual events to months). We monitored cover at five grassland sites with co-dominant C-3 and C-4 grass species or only dominant C-3 grass species for 6 yr in national parks across the Colorado Plateau region to assess the influence of specific months of climate and water balance on changes in grass cover. C-4 grass cover increased and decreased to a larger degree than C-3 grass cover with extremely dry and wet consecutive years, but this response varied by ecological site. Climate and water balance explained 10-49% of the inter-annual variability of cover of C-3 and C-4 grasses at all sites. High precipitation in the spring and in previous year monsoon storms influenced changes in cover of C-4 grasses, with measures of water balance in the same months explaining additional variability. C-3 grasses in grasslands where they were dominant were influenced primarily by longer periods of climate, while C-3 grasses in grasslands where they were co-dominant with C-4 grasses were influenced little by climate anomalies at either short or long periods of time. Our results suggest that future changes in spring and summer climate and water balance are likely to affect cover of both C-3 and C-4 grasses, but cover of C-4 grasses may be affected more strongly, and the degree of change will depend on soils and topography where they are growing and the timing of the growing season. C1 [Witwicki, Dana L.] Natl Pk Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Program, POB 848, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Munson, Seth M.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Thoma, David P.] Natl Pk Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Program, 2327 Univ Way, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Witwicki, DL (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Program, POB 848, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM dana_witwicki@nps.gov FU National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area FX The National Park Service and U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area supported this work. We are grateful to past and current NPS vegetation monitoring crews for field data collection. Many thanks to Helen Thomas and Aneth Wight for meticulously managing park data sets, as well as Cheryl McIntyre, Dusty Perkins, and anonymous reviewers of earlier versions of this manuscript for their thoughtful suggestions. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this manuscript is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2016 VL 7 IS 11 AR e01577 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1577 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI1AP UT WOS:000392207600037 ER PT J AU Salzer, JT Thelen, WA James, MR Walter, TR Moran, S Denlinger, R AF Salzer, Jacqueline T. Thelen, Weston A. James, Mike R. Walter, Thomas R. Moran, Seth Denlinger, Roger TI Volcano dome dynamics at Mount St. Helens: Deformation and intermittent subsidence monitored by seismicity and camera imagery pixel offsets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LAVA DOMES; CYCLIC ACTIVITY; ERUPTION; GROWTH; MAGMA; PHOTOGRAMMETRY; EARTHQUAKES; VELOCIMETRY; MONTSERRAT; WASHINGTON AB The surface deformation field measured at volcanic domes provides insights into the effects of magmatic processes, gravity-and gas-driven processes, and the development and distribution of internal dome structures. Here we study short-term dome deformation associated with earthquakes at Mount St. Helens, recorded by a permanent optical camera and seismic monitoring network. We use Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to compute the displacement field between successive images and compare the results to the occurrence and characteristics of seismic events during a 6 week period of dome growth in 2006. The results reveal that dome growth at Mount St. Helens was repeatedly interrupted by short-term meter-scale downward displacements at the dome surface, which were associated in time with low-frequency, large-magnitude seismic events followed by a tremor-like signal. The tremor was only recorded by the seismic stations closest to the dome. We find a correlation between the magnitudes of the camera-derived displacements and the spectral amplitudes of the associated tremor. We use the DIC results from two cameras and a high-resolution topographic model to derive full 3-D displacement maps, which reveals internal dome structures and the effect of the seismic activity on daily surface velocities. We postulate that the tremor is recording the gravity-driven response of the upper dome due to mechanical collapse or depressurization and fault-controlled slumping. Our results highlight the different scales and structural expressions during growth and disintegration of lava domes and the relationships between seismic and deformation signals. C1 [Salzer, Jacqueline T.; Walter, Thomas R.] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Dept Phys Earth 2, Potsdam, Germany. [Thelen, Weston A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Volcanoes Natl Pk, Volcano, HI USA. [Thelen, Weston A.; Moran, Seth; Denlinger, Roger] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [James, Mike R.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. RP Salzer, JT (reprint author), GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Dept Phys Earth 2, Potsdam, Germany. EM salzer@gfz-potsdam.de OI James, Mike/0000-0002-9177-2588 FU European Research Council under the European Union [ERC-CoG 646858] FX This is a contribution to VOLCAPSE, a research project funded by the European Research Council under the European Union's H2020 Programme/ERC consolidator grant ERC-CoG 646858. J.S. is grateful to the German Academic Exchange Sevice (DAAD) for providing funding for visiting CVO in July 2014 and to Angie Diefenbach (USGS) for her support during this visit. The camera images were provided by the USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory (CVO). The Seismic data were provided by the University of Washington Pacific Northwest Seismic Network and CVO. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Figures 8-10c, and 12 were created using GMT [Wessel et al., 2013]. The authors wish to thank Daniel Dzurisin and Michael Clynne (USGS) as well as Ben Kennedy and an anonymous referee for diligently reviewing this manuscript. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV PY 2016 VL 121 IS 11 BP 7882 EP 7902 DI 10.1002/2016JB013045 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EG6DD UT WOS:000391133200010 ER PT J AU Iacovino, K Ju-Song, K Sisson, T Lowenstern, J Kuk-Hun, R Jong-Nam, J Kun-Ho, S Song-Hwan, H Oppenheimer, C Hammond, JOS Donovan, A Liu, KW Kum-Ran, R AF Iacovino, Kayla Ju-Song, Kim Sisson, Thomas Lowenstern, Jacob Kuk-Hun, Ri Jong-Nam, Jang Kun-Ho, Song Song-Hwan, Ham Oppenheimer, Clive Hammond, James O. S. Donovan, Amy Liu, Kosima W. Kum-Ran, Ryu TI Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic People's Republic of Korea/China SO SCIENCE ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID CHANGBAISHAN VOLCANO; EXPLOSIVE VOLCANISM; MAGMA RESERVOIRS; TIANCHI VOLCANO; MELT INCLUSIONS; MOUNT-PINATUBO; EXSOLVED GAS; EL-CHICHON; ICE CORE; U-SERIES AB Paektu volcano (Changbaishan) is a rhyolitic caldera that straddles the border between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and China. Its most recent large eruption was the Millennium Eruption (ME; 23 km(3) dense rock equivalent) circa 946 CE, which resulted in the release of copious magmatic volatiles (H2O, CO2, sulfur, and halogens). Accurate quantification of volatile yield and composition is critical in assessing volcanogenic climate impacts but is challenging, particularly for events before the satellite era. We use a geochemical technique to quantify volatile composition and upper bounds to yields for the ME by examining trends in incompatible trace and volatile element concentrations in crystal-hosted melt inclusions. We estimate that the ME could have emitted as much as 45 Tg of S to the atmosphere. This is greater than the quantity of S released by the 1815 eruption of Tambora, which contributed to the "year without a summer." Our maximum gas yield estimates place the ME among the strongest emitters of climate-forcing gases in the Common Era. However, ice cores from Greenland record only a relatively weak sulfate signal attributed to the ME. We suggest that other factors came into play in minimizing the glaciochemical signature. This paradoxical case in which high S emissions do not result in a strong glacial sulfate signal may present a way forward in building more generalized models for interpreting which volcanic eruptions have produced large climate impacts. C1 [Iacovino, Kayla; Sisson, Thomas; Lowenstern, Jacob] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ju-Song, Kim; Jong-Nam, Jang; Kun-Ho, Song; Song-Hwan, Ham] Earthquake Adm, Pyongyang, North Korea. [Kuk-Hun, Ri] State Acad Sci, Pyongyang, North Korea. [Oppenheimer, Clive] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge, England. [Hammond, James O. S.] Birkbeck Univ London, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, London, England. [Donovan, Amy] Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London, England. [Liu, Kosima W.] Environm Educ Media Project, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Kum-Ran, Ryu] Pyongyang Int Informat Ctr New Technol & Econ, Pyongyang, North Korea. [Iacovino, Kayla] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Iacovino, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.; Iacovino, K (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM kayla.iacovino@asu.edu FU NSF [1349486]; AAAS FX K.I. was supported by the NSF under award no. 1349486 and by AAAS. Fieldwork was supported by the Richard Lounsbery Foundation. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 2375-2548 J9 SCI ADV JI Sci. Adv. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 2 IS 11 AR e1600913 DI 10.1126/sciadv.1600913 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EG7WS UT WOS:000391267800014 PM 28138521 ER PT J AU Wakie, TT Kumar, S Senay, GB Takele, A Lencho, A AF Wakie, Tewodros T. Kumar, Sunil Senay, Gabriel B. Takele, Abera Lencho, Alemu TI Spatial prediction of wheat septoria leaf blotch (Septoria tritici) disease severity in Central Ethiopia SO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Boosted regression trees; Disease severity; MODIS; Pathogen risk; Vegetation indices; Wheat production ID WINTER-WHEAT; REGRESSION TREES; RESISTANCE; EPIDEMICS; WEATHER; CLIMATE AB A number of studies have reported the presence of wheat septoria leaf blotch (Septoria tritici; SLB) disease in Ethiopia. However, the environmental factors associated with SLB disease, and areas under risk of SLB disease, have not been studied. Here, we tested the hypothesis that environmental variables can adequately explain observed SLB disease severity levels in West Shewa, Central Ethiopia. Specifically, we identified 50 environmental variables and assessed their relationships with SLB disease severity. Geographically referenced disease severity data were obtained from the field, and linear regression and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) modeling approaches were used for developing spatial models. Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) derived vegetation indices and land surface temperature (LST) variables highly influenced SLB model predictions. Soil and topographic variables did not sufficiently explain observed SLB disease severity variation in this study. Our results show that wheat growing areas in Central Ethiopia, including highly productive districts, are at risk of SLB disease. The study demonstrates the integration of field data with modeling approaches such as BRT for predicting the spatial patterns of severity of a pathogenic wheat disease in Central Ethiopia. Our results can aid Ethiopia's wheat disease monitoring efforts, while our methods can be replicated for testing related hypotheses elsewhere. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wakie, Tewodros T.; Kumar, Sunil; Senay, Gabriel B.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Senay, Gabriel B.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Takele, Abera] Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Plant Sci, Coll Vet Med & Agr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Lencho, Alemu] Ambo Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Coll Agr & Vet Sci, Ambo, Ethiopia. [Senay, Gabriel B.] North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Wakie, TT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Tewodros.Wakie@colostate.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey [G14AC00357, G14AC00138] FX We thank the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University for use of facilities. SK was supported by funding from the U.S. Geological Survey (G14AC00357 RMCESU G14AC00138). Dr. Catherine Jarnevich, Dr. Sandra Cooper, and anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or Colorado State University. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-9541 EI 1878-0512 J9 ECOL INFORM JI Ecol. Inform. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 36 SI SI BP 15 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.09.003 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EG3UK UT WOS:000390970000003 ER PT J AU Tack, JLP West, BS McGowan, CP Ditchkoff, SS Reeves, SJ Keever, AC Grand, JB AF Tack, Jennifer L. Price West, Brian S. McGowan, Conor P. Ditchkoff, Stephen S. Reeves, Stanley J. Keever, Allison C. Grand, James B. TI AnimalFinder: A semi-automated system for animal detection in time-lapse camera trap images SO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Camera trap; Game camera; N-mixture model; Image processing; Wildlife monitoring; Animal detection ID WILDLIFE; MANAGEMENT; PHOTOIDENTIFICATION; ABUNDANCE; SOFTWARE; MAMMALS; MODELS AB Although the use of camera traps in wildlife management is well established, technologies to automate image processing have been much slower in development, despite their potential to drastically reduce personnel time and cost required to review photos. We developed AnimalFinder in MATLAB (R) to identify animal presence in time-lapse camera trap images by comparing individual photos to all images contained within the subset of images (i.e. photos from the same survey and site), with some manual processing required to remove false positives and collect other relevant data (species, sex, etc.). We tested AnimalFinder on a set of camera trap images and compared the presence/absence results with manual-only review with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), wild pigs (Sus scrofa), and raccoons (Procyon lotor). We compared abundance estimates, model rankings, and coefficient estimates of detection and abundance for white-tailed deer using N-mixture models. AnimalFinder performance varied depending on a threshold value that affects program sensitivity to frequently occurring pixels in a series of images. Higher threshold values led to fewer false negatives (missed deer images) but increased manual processing time, but even at the highest threshold value, the program reduced the images requiring manual review by similar to 40% and correctly identified >90% of deer, raccoon, and wild pig images. Estimates of white-tailed deer were similar between AnimalFinder and the manual-only method (similar to 1-2 deer difference, depending on the model), as were model rankings and coefficient estimates. Our results show that the program significantly reduced data processing time and may increase efficiency of camera trapping surveys. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tack, Jennifer L. Price; Ditchkoff, Stephen S.; Keever, Allison C.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [West, Brian S.; Reeves, Stanley J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [McGowan, Conor P.; Grand, James B.] Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36845 USA. RP Tack, JLP (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM jlp0044@auburn.edu OI Price Tack, Jennifer/0000-0002-5378-8183 FU Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources [G00006888] FX This work was supported by the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (G00006888). NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-9541 EI 1878-0512 J9 ECOL INFORM JI Ecol. Inform. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 36 SI SI BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.11.003 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EG3UK UT WOS:000390970000016 ER PT J AU Deligne, NI Conrey, RM Cashman, KV Champion, DE Amidon, WH AF Deligne, Natalia I. Conrey, Richard M. Cashman, Katharine V. Champion, Duane E. Amidon, William H. TI Holocene volcanism of the upper McKenzie River catchment, central Oregon Cascades, USA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; HE-3 PRODUCTION-RATES; NEW-ZEALAND; COSMOGENIC HE-3; CINDER-CONE; MONOGENETIC ERUPTIONS; MICHOACAN-GUANAJUATO; SOUTHERN WASHINGTON; BASALTIC VOLCANISM; PRIMITIVE MAGMAS AB To assess the complexity of eruptive activity within mafic volcanic fields, we present a detailed geologic investigation of Holocene volcanism in the upper McKenzie River catchment in the central Oregon Cascades, United States. We focus on the Sand Mountain volcanic field, which covers 76 km(2) and consists of 23 vents, associated tephra deposits, and lava fields. We find that the Sand Mountain volcanic field was active for a few decades around 3 ka and involved at least 13 eruptive units. Despite the small total volume erupted (similar to 1 km(3) dense rock equivalent [DRE]), Sand Mountain volcanic field lava geochemistry indicates that erupted magmas were derived from at least two, and likely three, different magma sources. Single units erupted from one or more vents, and field data provide evidence of both vent migration and reoccupation. Overall, our study shows that mafic volcanism was clustered in space and time, involved both explosive and effusive behavior, and tapped several magma sources. These observations provide important insights on possible future hazards from mafic volcanism in the central Oregon Cascades. C1 [Deligne, Natalia I.; Cashman, Katharine V.] 1272 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Conrey, Richard M.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Box 642812, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Champion, Duane E.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Amidon, William H.] Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, McCardell Bicentennial Hall, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [Deligne, Natalia I.] GNS Sci, POB 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Conrey, Richard M.] Hamilton Coll, Dept Geosci, 198 Coll Hill Rd, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. [Cashman, Katharine V.] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Wills Mem Bldg,Queens Rd, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. RP Deligne, NI (reprint author), 1272 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.; Deligne, NI (reprint author), GNS Sci, POB 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. EM N.Deligne@gns.cri.nz FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0738894, EAR-1019848]; AXA Research Fund; Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award; GNS Science Core Research Programme; University of Oregon Thayer FX We are indebted to Ed Taylor and Dave Sherrod for their work on the Sand Mountain volcanic field and thank them for their extensive work deciphering the central Oregon Cascades volcanic landscape. We acknowledge our field assistants: Ariana Everson, Emily Gottesfield, Kyle House, Daniele Mckay, Laureen Wagoner, and Lucy Walsh. Deligne thanks Dan Gavin, Kristina Walowski, Lucy Walsh, Kathryn Watts, and Stephanie Weaver for assistance with sample preparation and analysis. Deligne acknowledges two University of Oregon Thayer scholarships. This work benefited from conversations with Gordon Grant, Daniele Mckay, and Craig Miller. Reviews by Mike Clynne, Jan Lindsay, Greg Valentine, and Associate Editor Joselyn McPhie greatly improved the manuscript. Finally, we thank Karl Morgenstern (Eugene Water & Electric Board) and Ian Madin (Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries) for light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data acquisition and access. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants EAR-0738894 and EAR-1019848 to Cashman, who is currently supported by the AXA Research Fund and a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, and GNS Science Core Research Programme funding to Deligne. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 128 IS 11-12 BP 1618 EP 1635 DI 10.1130/B31405.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG4BL UT WOS:000390988300003 ER PT J AU Sherrod, BL Blakely, RJ Lasher, JP Lamb, A Mahan, SA Foit, FF Barnett, EA AF Sherrod, B. L. Blakely, R. J. Lasher, J. P. Lamb, A. Mahan, S. A. Foit, F. F., Jr. Barnett, E. A. TI Active faulting on the Wallula fault zone within the Olympic-Wallowa lineament, Washington State, USA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LATE CENOZOIC STRUCTURE; GLACIAL LAKE MISSOULA; SOUTHERN PUGET-SOUND; CASCADIA FORE-ARC; COLUMBIA PLATEAU; CHANNELED SCABLANDS; UNITED-STATES; LOESS; EARTHQUAKES; SEISMICITY AB The Wallula fault zone is an integral feature of the Olympic-Wallowa lineament, an similar to 500-km-long topographic lineament oblique to the Cascadia plate boundary, extending from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to Walla Walla, Washington. The structure and past earthquake activity of the Wallula fault zone are important because of nearby infrastructure, and also because the fault zone defines part of the Olympic-Wallowa lineament in south-central Washington and suggests that the Olympic-Wallowa lineament may have a structural origin. We used aeromagnetic and ground magnetic data to locate the trace of the Wallula fault zone in the subsurface and map a quarry exposure of the Wallula fault zone near Finley, Washington, to investigate past earthquakes along the fault. We mapped three main packages of rocks and unconsolidated sediments in an similar to 10-m-high quarry exposure. Our mapping suggests at least three late Pleistocene earthquakes with surface rupture, and an episode of liquefaction in the Holocene along the Wallula fault zone. Faint striae on the master fault surface are subhorizontal and suggest reverse dextral oblique motion for these earthquakes, consistent with dextral offset on the Wallula fault zone inferred from offset aeromagnetic anomalies associated with ca. 8.5 Ma basalt dikes. Magnetic surveys show that the Wallula fault actually lies 350 m to the southwest of the trace shown on published maps, passes directly through deformed late Pleistocene or younger deposits exposed at Finley quarry, and extends un-interrupted over 120 km. C1 [Sherrod, B. L.; Barnett, E. A.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Blakely, R. J.; Lamb, A.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mahan, S. A.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 974, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Foit, F. F., Jr.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Webster 1052, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Sherrod, BL (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM bsherrod@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy FX Daniel Ford, Benton County Public Utility District, and Benton County Commissioners arranged and granted access to Finley quarry for field work. The U.S. Department of Energy provided light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data along the Wallula fault zone and partially funded field work and laboratory analyses. Reviews by Ray Wells, Rob Witter, Philipe Aron, Harvey Kelsey, and an anonymous reviewer improved an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 128 IS 11-12 BP 1636 EP 1659 DI 10.1130/B31359.1 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG4BL UT WOS:000390988300004 ER PT J AU Steel, E Simms, AR Warrick, J Yokoyama, Y AF Steel, Elisabeth Simms, Alexander R. Warrick, Jonathan Yokoyama, Yusuke TI Highstand shelf fans: The role of buoyancy reversal in the deposition of a new type of shelf sand body SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID TURBIDITY CURRENTS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; HYPERPYCNAL FLOWS; AGE CALIBRATION; SEDIMENT; INITIATION; CHARACTER; COLORADO; CHANNEL; ORIGIN AB Although sea-level highstands are typically associated with sediment-starved continental shelves, high sea level does not hinder major river floods. Turbidity currents generated by plunging of sediment-laden rivers at the fluvial-marine interface, known as hyperpycnal flows, allow for cross-shelf transport of suspended sand beyond the coastline. Hyper-pycnal flows in southern California have deposited six subaqueous fans on the shelf of the northern Santa Barbara Channel in the Holocene. Using eight cores and nine grab samples, we describe the deposits, age, and stratigraphic architecture of two fans in the Santa Barbara Channel. Fan lobes have up to 3 m of relief and are composed of multiple hyperpycnite beds similar to 5 cm to 40 cm thick. Deposit architecture and geometry suggest the hyperpycnal flows became positively buoyant and lifted off the seabed, resulting in well-sorted, structureless, elongate sand lobes. Contrary to conventional sequence stratigraphic models, the presence of these features on the continental shelf suggests that active-margin shelves may locally develop high-quality reservoir sand bodies during sea-level highstands, and that such shelves need not be solely the site of sediment bypass. These deposits may provide a Quaternary analogue to many well-sorted sand bodies in the rock record that are interpreted as turbidites but lack typical Bouma-type features. C1 [Steel, Elisabeth; Simms, Alexander R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Warrick, Jonathan] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Yokoyama, Yusuke] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778564, Japan. [Yokoyama, Yusuke] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Yokoyama, Yusuke] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Biogeosci, 2-15 Natsushima Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. RP Steel, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM steel@umail.ucsb.edu FU Geological Society of America; American Association of Petroleum Geologists; American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund; JSPS-KAKENHI [26247085] FX This work was supported in part by funds from the Geological Society of America and the American Association of Petroleum Geologists Grants-in-Aid John E. Kilkenny Memorial Grant. Acknowledgment is made to the donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for support of this research. Bivalve 14C measurements were supported by grant JSPS-KAKENHI 26247085. We also thank the captain and crew of the M/V Danny C and JAB for help in collecting offshore data, and Olivia Nicholson for assistance in laboratory work. Jeff Peakall and Paul Myrow provided valuable reviews and constructive comments, which significantly improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 128 IS 11-12 BP 1717 EP 1724 DI 10.1130/B31438.1 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG4BL UT WOS:000390988300008 ER PT J AU Harmon, RS Worner, G Goldsmith, ST Harmon, BA Gardner, CB Lyons, WB Ogden, FL Pribil, MJ Long, DT Kern, Z Forizs, I AF Harmon, Russell S. Woerner, Gerhard Goldsmith, Steven T. Harmon, Brendan A. Gardner, Christopher B. Lyons, W. Berry Ogden, Fred L. Pribil, Michael J. Long, David T. Kern, Zoltan Forizs, Istvan TI Linking silicate weathering to riverine geochemistry-A case study from a mountainous tropical setting in west-central Panama SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID TRANSATLANTIC DUST TRANSPORT; SELVA BIOLOGICAL STATION; MAJOR-ELEMENT CHEMISTRY; STABLE-ISOTOPE VALUES; AMERICAN LAND-BRIDGE; EASTERN PUERTO-RICO; NSIMI-ZOETELE SITE; EL-VALLE VOLCANO; COSTA-RICA; CO2 CONSUMPTION AB Chemical analyses from 71 watersheds across an similar to 450 km transect in west-central Panama provide insight into controls on weathering and rates of chemical denudation and CO2 consumption across an igneous arc terrain in the tropics. Stream and river compositions across this region of Panama are generally dilute, having a total dissolved -solute value = 118 +/- 91 mg/L, with bicarbonate and silica being the predominant dissolved species. Solute, stable isotope, and radio-genic isotope compositions are consistent with dissolution of igneous rocks present in Panama by meteoric precipitation, with geochemical signatures of rivers largely acquired in their upstream regions. Comparison of a head-water basin with its entire watershed observed considerably more runoff production from the high-elevation upstream portion of the catchment than in its much more spatially extensive downstream region. Rock alteration profiles document that weathering proceeds primarily by dissolution of feldspar and pyrox-ene, with base cations effectively leached in the following sequence: Na > Ca > Mg > K. Control on water chemistry by bedrock lithology is indicated through a linking of elevated ([Na + K]/[Ca + Mg]) ratios in -waters to a high proportion of catchment area silicic bedrock and low ratios to mafic bedrock. Sr-isotope ratios are dominated by basementderived Sr, with only very minor, if any, contribution from other sources. Cation weather-ing of Ca-sil + Mg-sil + Na + K spans about an order in magnitude, from 3 to 32 tons/km(2)/yr. Strong positive correlations of chemical denudation and CO2 consumption are observed with precipitation, mean watershed elevation, extent of land surface forest cover, and physical erosion rate. C1 [Harmon, Russell S.; Harmon, Brendan A.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Harmon, Russell S.] US Army, Corps Engineers, Int Res Off, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Ruislip HA4 7HB, England. [Woerner, Gerhard] Univ Gottingen, Geosci Ctr, Div Geochem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Goldsmith, Steven T.] Villanova Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Gardner, Christopher B.; Lyons, W. Berry] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ogden, Fred L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Civil & Architectural Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Pribil, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Long, David T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kern, Zoltan; Forizs, Istvan] Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci, Budaorsi Ut 45, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary. RP Harmon, RS (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.; Harmon, RS (reprint author), US Army, Corps Engineers, Int Res Off, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Ruislip HA4 7HB, England. EM russell.s.harmon.civ@mail.mil FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-1045166]; German National Science Foundation [DFG Wo 362/27-1]; Army Research Laboratory FX We thank the following organizations and people for logistic assistance and help in collection of samples across Panama from 2004 to 2012: Thomas Exenberger and Thomas Jakits of Helipan Panama; Lance Vander Zyl of U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground Tropic Regions Test Center; and Eric Nicolaisen, Alonso Iglesias, and Ricardo Martinez of TRAX Evaluacion Ambiental, S.A. Additional thanks are due to Gregg McElwee, Danny Rutherford, Kathleen Welch, Susan Welch, Becki Witherow, and Anne Carey for their assistance with sample collection and analysis. Field support for this work was provided by the Yuma Proving Ground Tropic Regions Test Center. Support from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, by providing access to the Agua Salud project sites in the Trans-Isthmus region, is gratefully acknowledged. Ideas developed in this paper occurred while conducting research under U.S. National Science Foundation grant EAR-1045166 to Lyons and Ogden, a German National Science Foundation grant DFG Wo 362/27-1 to Worner, and Army Research Laboratory Fellow research stipends to Harmon from 2005 to 2011. Analytical support from the U.S. Geological Survey Minerals and the Environment Resource Science Center is gratefully acknowledged. Worner acknowledges the contribution from an unpublished B.Sc. thesis by S. Striepe (2007) and additional analytical support by G. Hartmann and K. Simon. Any use herein of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 197 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 128 IS 11-12 BP 1780 EP 1812 DI 10.1130/B31388.1 PG 33 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EG4BL UT WOS:000390988300012 ER PT J AU Glaser, PH Siegel, DI Chanton, JP Reeve, AS Rosenberry, DO Corbett, JE Dasgupta, S Levy, Z AF Glaser, Paul H. Siegel, Donald I. Chanton, Jeffrey P. Reeve, Andrew S. Rosenberry, Donald O. Corbett, J. Elizabeth Dasgupta, Soumitri Levy, Zeno TI Climatic drivers for multidecadal shifts in solute transport and methane production zones within a large peat basin SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE peatlands; hydrogeology; carbon cycling; methane production; climatic change ID LOST RIVER PEATLAND; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; HUDSON-BAY LOWLANDS; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; PORE-WATER; GEOCHEMICAL CONTROLS; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; JURA MOUNTAINS; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; DUAL-POROSITY AB Northern peatlands are an important source for greenhouse gases, but their capacity to produce methane remains uncertain under changing climatic conditions. We therefore analyzed a 43year time series of the pore-water chemistry to determine if long-term shifts in precipitation altered the vertical transport of solutes within a large peat basin in northern Minnesota. These data suggest that rates of methane production can be finely tuned to multidecadal shifts in precipitation that drive the vertical penetration of labile carbon substrates within the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands. Tritium and cation profiles demonstrate that only the upper meter of these peat deposits was flushed by downwardly moving recharge from 1965 to 1983 during a Transitional Dry-to-Moist Period. However, a shift to a moister climate after 1984 drove surface waters much deeper, largely flushing the pore waters of all bogs and fens to depths of 2m. Labile carbon compounds were transported downward from the rhizosphere to the basal peat at this time producing a substantial enrichment of methane in C-14 with respect to the solid-phase peat from 1991 to 2008. These data indicate that labile carbon substrates can fuel deep production zones of methanogenesis that more than doubled in thickness across this large peat basin after 1984. Moreover, the entire peat profile apparently has the capacity to produce methane from labile carbon substrates depending on climate-driven modes of solute transport. Future changes in precipitation may therefore play a central role in determining the source strength of peatlands in the global methane cycle. C1 [Glaser, Paul H.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Siegel, Donald I.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. [Chanton, Jeffrey P.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Reeve, Andrew S.] Univ Maine, Sch Earth & Climate Sci, Orono, ME USA. [Rosenberry, Donald O.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Corbett, J. Elizabeth] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Dasgupta, Soumitri] ARCADIS US Inc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Levy, Zeno] Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Glaser, PH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM glase001@umn.edu FU National Science Foundation [9007161, 965292, 96515429, 0628647]; U.S. Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources FX This work was supported by awards from the National Science Foundation (9007161, 965292, 96515429, and 0628647), U.S. Department of Energy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. We thank Michael Gracz for technical assistance, the Minnesota DNR allowing the usage of their Hatcheries facility in Waskish, MN, as a base for field operations, and Lee Andrew and Brainerd Helicopter Company for helicopter access to our field sites. We also thank Nigel Roulet, Tim Moore, Keith Lucey, and an anonymous reviewer for their critical review of the manuscript. Data used in this paper are available from cited sources or can be acquired by contacting the corresponding author. The corresponding author for this paper is Paul H. Glaser at glase001@umn.edu. NR 117 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD NOV PY 2016 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1578 EP 1598 DI 10.1002/2016GB005397 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EG1SK UT WOS:000390812300002 ER PT J AU Castellazzi, P Martel, R Galloway, DL Longuevergne, L Rivera, A AF Castellazzi, Pascal Martel, Richard Galloway, Devin L. Longuevergne, Laurent Rivera, Alfonso TI Assessing Groundwater Depletion and Dynamics Using GRACE and InSAR: Potential and Limitations SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Review ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; DIFFERENTIAL SAR INTERFEROMETRY; LAND SUBSIDENCE; WATER STORAGE; TIME-SERIES; AQUIFER-SYSTEM; HYDRAULIC-HEAD; PERMANENT SCATTERERS; SURFACE DEFORMATION; CLIMATE EXPERIMENT AB In the last decade, remote sensing of the temporal variation of ground level and gravity has improved our understanding of groundwater dynamics and storage. Mass changes are measured by GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellites, whereas ground deformation is measured by processing synthetic aperture radar satellites data using the InSAR (Interferometry of Synthetic Aperture Radar) techniques. Both methods are complementary and offer different sensitivities to aquifer system processes. GRACE is sensitive to mass changes over large spatial scales (more than 100,000km(2)). As such, it fails in providing groundwater storage change estimates at local or regional scales relevant to most aquifer systems, and at which most groundwater management schemes are applied. However, InSAR measures ground displacement due to aquifer response to fluid-pressure changes. InSAR applications to groundwater depletion assessments are limited to aquifer systems susceptible to measurable deformation. Furthermore, the inversion of InSAR-derived displacement maps into volume of depleted groundwater storage (both reversible and largely irreversible) is confounded by vertical and horizontal variability of sediment compressibility.During the last decade, both techniques have shown increasing interest in the scientific community to complement available in situ observations where they are insufficient. In this review, we present the theoretical and conceptual bases of each method, and present idealized scenarios to highlight the potential benefits and challenges of combining these techniques to remotely assess groundwater storage changes and other aspects of the dynamics of aquifer systems. C1 [Castellazzi, Pascal; Martel, Richard] Univ Quebec, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Galloway, Devin L.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Field Team West, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Longuevergne, Laurent] Univ Rennes 1, Geosci Rennes, UMR CNRS 6118, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Rivera, Alfonso] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. RP Castellazzi, P (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM pascal.castellazzi@ete.inrs.ca; richard.martel@ete.inrs.ca; dlgallow@usgs.gov; laurent.longuevergne@univ-rennes1.fr; alfonso.rivera@canada.ca OI Castellazzi, Pascal/0000-0002-5591-0867; Galloway, Devin/0000-0003-0904-5355 FU Ministere des Relations Internationales Francophonie et Commerce Exterieur du Quebec (MRIFCE, Quebec); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT, Mexico) FX The authors thank the Ministere des Relations Internationales Francophonie et Commerce Exterieur du Quebec (MRIFCE, Quebec) and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT, Mexico) for their financial support. Additionally, the authors thank Luc Aquilina, Rene Lefebvre, and Jasmin Raymond, who initiated the collaboration between Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique in Quebec and University of Rennes 1 in France. Through the creation of a Laboratoire International Associe (LIA) France-Quebec, they made this research possible. NR 99 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 54 IS 6 BP 768 EP 780 DI 10.1111/gwat.12453 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EG1UM UT WOS:000390818000006 PM 27576068 ER PT J AU Hackley, PC Fishman, N Wu, T Baugher, G AF Hackley, Paul C. Fishman, Neil Wu, Tao Baugher, Gregory TI Organic petrology and geochemistry of mudrocks from the lacustrine Lucaogou Formation, Santanghu Basin, northwest China: Application to lake basin evolution SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Annual Meeting of the International-Committee-for-Coal-and-Organic-Petrology (ICCP) on Coal and Organic Petrology - New Perspectives and Applications - A Tribute to Marlies Teichmuller (1914-2000) CY SEP 11, 2015 CL German Res Ctr Geosciences, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, Potsdam, GERMANY SP Int Comm Coal & Organ Petrol HO German Res Ctr Geosciences, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam DE Lucaogou Formation; Santanghu Basin; Lacustrine source rocks; Organic petrology; Organic geochemistry; Permian ID PERMIAN TIAOHU FORMATION; SOUTHERN JUNGGAR BASIN; NW CHINA; SOURCE ROCKS; THERMAL MATURITY; CRUDE OILS; TIGHT OIL; DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; APPALACHIAN BASIN AB Exploration for tight oil in the frontier Santanghu Basin of northwest China has resulted in recent commercial discoveries sourced from the lacustrine Upper Permian Lucaogou Formation, already considered a "world class source rock" in the Junggar Basin to the west. Here we apply an integrated analytical program to carbonate dominated mudrocks from the Lucaogou Formation in Santanghu Basin to document the nature of organic matter (OM) in the context of an evolving lake system. The organic-rich samples (TOC 2.8-11.4 wt%; n = 10) were widely spaced from an similar to 200 m cored section, interpreted from textural and mineralogical evidence to document transition from a lower under-filled to an overlying balanced-filled lake. Organic matter is dominated by moderate to strongly fluorescent amorphous material with Type I geochemical signature (HI values 510-755; n = 10) occurring in a continuum from lamellar stringers, 10-20 mu m thick, some >= 1 mmin length (possible microbial mat; preserved only in lower under-filled section) to finely-disseminated amorphous groundmass intimately intermixed with mineral matrix. Biomarkers for methanotrophs and photosynthetic cyanobacteria indicate a complex microbial consortium. A unicellular prasinophyte green alga(?), similar to Tasmanites in marine rocks, is present as discrete flattened discs 50-100 mu m in diameter. Type III OM including vitrinite (some fluorescent) and inertinite also is abundant. Solid bitumen, indicating local kerogen conversion, fills voids and occurs throughout the cored section. Vitrinite reflectance values are 0.47-0.58%, consistent with strong OM fluorescence but may be "suppressed". Other proxies, e.g., biomarker parameters, indicate the Lucaogou Formation is in the early oil window at this location. On average, slightly more amorphous OM and telalginite are present in the lower section, consistent with a shallow, stratified, saline environment with low sediment dilution. More inertinite is present in the upper section, indicating greater terrestrial influx and consistent with higher quartz and plagioclase content (dominantly authigenic chalcedony and albite). Laminated mudstones in the upper section indicate anoxia prevented bioturbation from benthic grazing, also indicating stratified water column conditions. A decrease upsection in authigenic dolomite with reciprocal increase of ankerite/siderite is consistent with decreasing salinity, as is an overall decrease in gammacerane index values. These observations suggest evolution from a shallow, stratified evaporative (saline) setting to a deeper, stratified freshwater basin with higher water input during Lucaogou deposition. The evolution from an under-filled to balance-filled lake in Santanghu Basin is similar to Lucaogou deposition in Junggar Basin, suggesting similar tectonic and climatic controls. Paleoclimate interpretations from other researchers in this area suggested an evolution from semi-arid to humid conditions during the Roadian; we interpret that the evolution from an under-filled to balanced-filled lake seen in our data is in response to climate change, and may represent increased groundwater delivery to the Santanghu Basin. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hackley, Paul C.; Baugher, Gregory] US Geol Survey, MS 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Fishman, Neil] Hess Corp, 1501 McKinney St, Houston, TX 77010 USA. [Wu, Tao] Warburg Energy Dev Ltd, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Hackley, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM phackley@usgs.gov NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 168 SI SI BP 20 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2016.05.011 PN 1 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA EG0LU UT WOS:000390725100003 ER PT J AU Nandanwar, MS Anderson, BJ Ajayi, T Collett, TS Zyrianova, MV AF Nandanwar, Manish S. Anderson, Brian J. Ajayi, Taiwo Collett, Timothy S. Zyrianova, Margarita V. TI Evaluation of gas production potential from gas hydrate deposits in National Petroleum Reserve Alaska using numerical simulations SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL GAS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Sunlight peak; Gas hydrate; Numerical simulation ID STRATIGRAPHIC TEST WELL; NORTH SLOPE; DEPRESSURIZATION AB An evaluation of the gas production potential of Sunlight Peak gas hydrate accumulation in the eastern portion of the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA) of Alaska North Slope (ANS) is conducted using numerical simulations, as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gas hydrate Life Cycle Assessment program. A field scale reservoir model for Sunlight Peak is developed' using Advanced Processes & Thermal Reservoir Simulator (STARS) that approximates the production design and response of this gas hydrate field. The reservoir characterization is based on available structural maps and the seismic derived hydrate saturation map of the study region. A 3D reservoir model, with heterogeneous distribution of the reservoir properties (such as porosity, permeability and vertical hydrate saturation), is developed by correlating the data from the Mount Elbert well logs. Production simulations showed that the Sunlight Peak prospect has the potential of producing 1.53 x 10(9) ST m(3) of gas in 30 years by depressurization with a peak production rate of around 19.4 x 10(4) ST m(3)/day through a single horizontal well. To determine the effect of uncertainty in reservoir properties on the gas production, an uncertainty analysis is carried out. It is observed that for the range of data considered, the overall cumulative production from the Sunlight Peak will always be within the range of +/- 4.6% error from the overall mean value of 1.43 x 10(9) ST m(3). A sensitivity analysis study showed that the proximity of the reservoir from the base of permafrost and the base of hydrate stability zone (BHSZ) has significant effect on gas production rates. The gas production rates decrease with the increase in the depth of the permafrost and the depth of BHSZ. From the overall analysis of the results it is concluded that Sunlight Peak gas hydrate accumulation behaves differently than other Class III reservoirs (Class III reservoirs are composed of a single layer of hydrate with no underlying zone of mobile fluids) due to its smaller thickness and high angle of dip. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nandanwar, Manish S.; Anderson, Brian J.; Ajayi, Taiwo] West Virginia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Collett, Timothy S.; Zyrianova, Margarita V.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Anderson, BJ (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM brian.anderson@mail.wvu.edu FU U. S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program; U.S. Bureau of Land Management [LAI-02-0015] FX This contribution was funded by the U. S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (under Interagency Agreement No. LAI-02-0015). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-5100 EI 2212-3865 J9 J NAT GAS SCI ENG JI J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 36 BP 760 EP 772 DI 10.1016/j.jngse.2016.11.021 PN A PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA EG0PN UT WOS:000390734800067 ER PT J AU Lovich, JE Agha, M Painter, CW Cole, L Fitzgerald, A Narum, K Jennings, RD AF Lovich, Jeffrey E. Agha, Mickey Painter, Charles W. Cole, Levi Fitzgerald, Austin Narum, Kevin Jennings, Randy D. TI ASPECTS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY OF FEMALE TURTLES IN NEW MEXICO SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER TURTLE; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; DROUGHT; POPULATIONS; NEST; USA AB Data on reproductive ecology of turtles in New Mexico are limited, and some species living there are among the least studied in the United States. We trapped 4 native species of turtles (Apalone spinifera, Chrysemys picta, Pseudemys gorzugi, and Trachemys gaigeae gaigeae) in the Rio Grande and Black River (Pecos River drainage) of New Mexico in June 2012 and 2013 to collect data on female reproductive ecology, including clutch size, egg size, timing of egg production, and percentage of gravid females. During our sampling, we found shelled eggs via X-radiography in only 3 native species: C. picta, P. gorzugi, and T. g. gaigeae. Clutch and egg sizes were within the range of previously reported values, although clutch size for P. gorzugi (10 eggs) is only the second published record for that data-deficient species. Clutch size increased with body size in T. g. gaigeae. We observed few differences between reproductive parameters for turtles in New Mexico and their conspecifics and congeners elsewhere in the United States, other than the observation that female C. picta may mature at smaller body sizes in New Mexico relative to other western populations elsewhere in its vast, primarily eastern North American range. C1 [Lovich, Jeffrey E.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr,MS-9394, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Agha, Mickey] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Painter, Charles W.] New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Cole, Levi] New Mexico Environm Dept, 4359 Jager Dr,Suite B, Rio Rancho, NM 87144 USA. [Fitzgerald, Austin] 8901 Sandstone Dr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Narum, Kevin] 4690 US Hwy 49, Hattiesburg, MS 39401 USA. [Jennings, Randy D.] Western New Mexico Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Box 680, Silver City, NM 88062 USA. RP Lovich, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr,MS-9394, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; New Mexico Department of Game and Fish FX This paper is dedicated to our friend and colleague, the late Charlie Painter, with fond memories of his field comradery and outstanding skills at camp cooking, especially his carne adovada. An earlier version of this manuscript benefited from comments provided by Shellie Puffer. Research was partially funded by the U.S. Geological Survey in collaboration with the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD NOV PY 2016 VL 76 IS 3 BP 291 EP 297 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF8QJ UT WOS:000390593700005 ER PT J AU Pennington, VE Schlaepfer, DR Beck, JL Bradford, JB Palmquist, KA Lauenroth, WK AF Pennington, Victoria E. Schlaepfer, Daniel R. Beck, Jeffrey L. Bradford, John B. Palmquist, Kyle A. Lauenroth, William K. TI SAGEBRUSH, GREATER SAGE-GROUSE, AND THE OCCURRENCE AND IMPORTANCE OF FORBS SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID WYOMING BIG SAGEBRUSH; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SHARP-TAILED GROUSE; BROOD HABITAT USE; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; PRESCRIBED FIRE; BROMUS-TECTORUM; CENTRAL MONTANA; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) ecosystems provide habitat for sagebrush-obligate wildlife species such as the Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). The understory of big sagebrush plant communities is composed of grasses and forbs that are important sources of cover and food for wildlife. The grass component is well described in the literature, but the composition, abundance, and habitat role of forbs in these communities is largely unknown. Our objective was to synthesize information about forbs and their importance to Greater Sage-Grouse diets and habitats, how rangeland management practices affect forbs, and how forbs respond to changes in temperature and precipitation. We also sought to identify research gaps and needs concerning forbs in big sagebrush plant communities. We searched for relevant literature including journal articles and state and federal agency reports. Our results indicated that in the spring and summer, Greater Sage-Grouse diets consist of forbs (particularly species in the Asteraceae family), arthropods, and lesser amounts of sagebrush. The diets transition to sagebrush in fall and winter. Forbs provide cover for Greater Sage-Grouse individuals at their lekking, nesting, and brood-rearing sites, and the species has a positive relationship with arthropod presence. The effect of grazing on native forbs may be compounded by invasion of nonnative species and differs depending on grazing intensity. The effect of fire on forbs varies greatly and may depend on time elapsed since burning. In addition, chemical and mechanical treatments affect annual and perennial forbs differently. Temperature and precipitation influence forb phenology, biomass, and abundance differently among species. Our review identified several uncertainties and research needs about forbs in big sagebrush ecosystems. First, in many cases the literature about forbs is reported only at the genus or functional type level. Second, information about forb composition and abundance near lekking sites is limited, despite the fact that lekking sites are an important center of Greater Sage-Grouse activity. Third, there is little published literature on the relationship between forbs and precipitation and between forbs and temperature, thereby limiting our ability to understand potential responses of forbs to climate change. While there is wide agreement among Greater Sage-Grouse biologists that forbs are an important habitat component, our knowledge about the distribution and environmental responses of forb species in big sagebrush plant communities is limited. Our work for the first time synthesizes the current knowledge regarding forbs in sagebrush ecosystems and their importance for Greater Sage-Grouse and identifies additional research needs for effective conservation and management. C1 [Pennington, Victoria E.; Palmquist, Kyle A.; Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Schlaepfer, Daniel R.] Univ Basel, Sect Conservat Biol, St Johanns Vorstadt 10, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Beck, Jeffrey L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Pennington, VE (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM victoria.pennington4@gmail.com RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU U.S. Geological Survey North Central Climate Science Center [G12AC 20504]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [F13AC00865]; University of Wyoming FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey North Central Climate Science Center (grant G12AC 20504), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (F13AC00865), and the University of Wyoming for financial support. We also thank 2 anonymous reviewers whose input improved an earlier version of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 122 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD NOV PY 2016 VL 76 IS 3 BP 298 EP 312 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF8QJ UT WOS:000390593700006 ER PT J AU Eacker, DR Hebblewhite, M Proffitt, KM Jimenez, BS Mitchell, MS Robinson, HS AF Eacker, Daniel R. Hebblewhite, Mark Proffitt, Kelly M. Jimenez, Benjamin S. Mitchell, Michael S. Robinson, Hugh S. TI Annual Elk Calf Survival in a Multiple Carnivore System SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black bear; Canis lupus; cause-specific mortality; Cervus canadensis; forage availability; mountain lion; predation risk; Puma concolor; Ursus americanus; wolf ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; TOP-DOWN INFLUENCES; MULE DEER; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; COMPETING RISKS; PREDATION RISK; MOUNTAIN LIONS; PREY SYSTEM; BOTTOM-UP AB The realized effect of multiple carnivores on juvenile ungulate recruitment may depend on the carnivore assemblage as well as compensation from forage and winter weather severity, which may mediate juvenile vulnerability to predation in ungulates. We used a time-to-event approach to test for the effects of risk factors on annual elk (Cervus canadensis) calf survival and to estimate cause-specific mortality rates for 2 elk populations in adjacent study areas in the southern Bitterroot Valley, Montana, USA, during 2011-2014. We captured and radio-tagged 286 elk calves: 226 neonates, and 60 6-month-old calves. Summer survival probability was less variable than winter (P = 0.12) and averaged 0.55 (95% CI = 0.47-0.63), whereas winter survival varied more than summer and significantly across study years (P = 0.003) and averaged 0.73 (95% CI = 0.64-0.81). During summer, elk calf survival increased with biomass of preferred forage biomass, and was slightly lower following winters with high precipitation; exposure to mountain lion (Puma concolor) predation risk was unimportant. In contrast, during winter, we found that exposure to mountain lion predation risk influenced survival, with a weak negative effect of winter precipitation. We found no evidence that forage availability or winter weather severity mediated vulnerability to mountain lion predation risk in summer or winter (e.g., an interaction), indicating that the effect of mountain lion predation was constant regardless of spatial variation in forage or weather. Mountain lions dominated known causes of elk calf mortality in summer and winter, with estimated cause-specific mortality rates of 0.14 (95% CI = 0.09-0.20) and 0.12 (95% CI = 0.07-0.18), respectively. The effect of carnivores on juvenile ungulate recruitment varies across ecological systems depending on relative carnivore densities. Mountain lions may be the most important carnivore for ungulates, especially where grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and wolves (Canis lupus) are rare or recovering. Finally, managers may need to reduce adult female harvest of elk as carnivores recolonize to balance carnivore and ungulate management objectives, especially in less productive habitats for elk. (C) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Eacker, Daniel R.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hebblewhite, Mark] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Proffitt, Kelly M.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, 1400 South 19th St, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Jimenez, Benjamin S.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, 3201 Spurgin Rd, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Robinson, Hugh S.] Panthera, Landscape Anal Lab, New York, NY 10018 USA. RP Eacker, DR (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM daneacker@hotmail.com FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grant; Ravalli County Fish and Wildlife Association; Montana Bowhunters Association; Hellgate Hunters and Anglers; Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation; Safari Club International Foundation, Montana; Fish, Wildlife, and Parks Foundation; Western Montana Chapter of the Safari Club; Shikar-Safari Club International Foundation; Pope and Young Club; OnXMaps; McIntire-Stennis Foundation (USDA); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX11AO47G]; United States Forest Service; MPG Ranch; National Science Foundation EPSCoR program [EPS-1101342]; Montana Institute on Ecosystems FX Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank P. M. Lukacs for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We extend a special thanks to J. A. Gude, M. Thompson, Q. Kujala, C. S. Jourdonnais, and K. McDonald for their crucial support in securing funding and dedication to this research. We also thank the many personnel and volunteers from Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks (MFWP), the public, and the University of Montana that made this research possible, especially A. M. Bernhisel, E. Brandell, J. Callon, B. Cascaddan, S. Christiansen, N. R. Hupp, J. Shamhart, and T. C. Swearingen. We thank J. Nowak for statistical support. This project was funded with revenue from the sale of Montana hunting and fishing licenses, and matching funds from the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grant to the MFWP. Funding was provided by Ravalli County Fish and Wildlife Association, Montana Bowhunters Association, Hellgate Hunters and Anglers, Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, Safari Club International Foundation, Montana, Fish, Wildlife, and Parks Foundation, Western Montana Chapter of the Safari Club, the Shikar-Safari Club International Foundation, the Pope and Young Club, OnXMaps, McIntire-Stennis Foundation (USDA), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) grant #NNX11AO47G, the United States Forest Service, the MPG Ranch, and private donations from individuals in the community. This work was also supported by the National Science Foundation EPSCoR program under grant #EPS-1101342 with the Montana Institute on Ecosystems. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 80 IS 8 BP 1345 EP 1359 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21133 PG 15 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EF0UC UT WOS:000390040600002 ER PT J AU Finger, TA Afton, AD Schummer, ML Petrie, SA Badzinski, SS Johnson, MA Szymanski, ML Jacobs, KJ Olsen, GH Mitchell, MA AF Finger, Taylor A. Afton, Alan D. Schummer, Michael L. Petrie, Scott A. Badzinski, Shannon S. Johnson, Michael A. Szymanski, Michael L. Jacobs, Kevin J. Olsen, Glenn H. Mitchell, Mark A. TI Environmental Factors Influence Lesser Scaup Migration Chronology and Population Monitoring SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE lesser scaup; mallards; migration chronology; satellite transmitter; survey timing; weather ID SPRING CONDITION HYPOTHESIS; NORTHERN PRAIRIE WETLANDS; GREAT-LAKES; SATELLITE TRANSMITTERS; WINTERING CANVASBACKS; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; WATER CONDITIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DUCKS; HABITAT AB Identifying environmental metrics specific to lesser scaup (Aythya affinis; scaup) spring migration chronology may help inform development of conservation, management and population monitoring. Our objective was to determine how environmental conditions influence spring migration of lesser scaup to assess the effectiveness of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey in accurately estimating scaup populations. We first compared peak timing of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and scaup migration from weekly ground surveys in North Dakota, USA because the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey is designed to capture annual mallard migration. As predicted, we detected that peak timing of scaup and mallard migrations differed in 25 of 36 years investigated (1980-2010). We marked scaup with satellite transmitters (n = 78; 7,403 locations) at Long Point, Lake Erie, Ontario, Canada; Pool 19 of the Mississippi River, Iowa and Illinois, USA; and Presque Isle Bay, Lake Erie, Pennsylvania, USA. We tested the assumption that our marked scaup were representative of the continental population using the traditional survey area by comparing timing of migration of marked birds and scaup counted in the North Dakota Game and Fish Department survey. We detected a strong positive correlation between marked scaup and the survey data, which indicated that marked scaup were representative of the population. We subsequently used our validated sample of marked scaup to investigate the effects of annual variation in temperature, precipitation, and ice cover on spring migration chronology in the traditional and eastern survey areas of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey, 2005-2010. We evaluated competing environmental models to explain variation in timing and rate of scaup migration at large-scale and local levels. Spring migration of scaup occurred earlier and faster during springs with warmer temperatures and greater precipitation, variables known to influence energy budgets and wetland availability. Our results suggest that surveys designed to index abundance of breeding mallards is imprecise for estimating scaup abundance, and inaccurate at estimating breeding population size by survey stratum. (C) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Finger, Taylor A.; Petrie, Scott A.] Western Univ, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Schummer, Michael L.] Long Point Waterfowl Birds Studies Canada, Port Rowan, ON N0E 1M0, Canada. [Badzinski, Shannon S.] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Johnson, Michael A.; Szymanski, Michael L.] North Dakota Game & Fish Dept, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Jacobs, Kevin J.] Penn Game Commiss, Conneaut Lake, PA 16316 USA. [Olsen, Glenn H.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Mitchell, Mark A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Clin Med, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. [Finger, Taylor A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Wildlife, Madison, WI 53707 USA. RP Finger, TA (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Wildlife, Madison, WI 53707 USA. EM taylor.finger@wisconsin.gov FU Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Joint Venture; Prairie Pothole Joint Venture; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Regions 2 and 3; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)-Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Louisiana State University; Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine; USGS-Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Illinois Department of Natural Resources; Ducks Unlimited; Kibbe Research Station of Western Illinois University; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; Canadian Wildlife Service; Missouri Department of Conservation; Des Moines and Louisa County Conservation Boards; Tri Oak Foods; Cargill Corporation; Mississippi Valley Callers Association; Brockway Mechanical and Roofing; Greater Blue Heron Wildlife Refuge; Gulf Coast Joint Venture; NDGF; Minnesota Waterfowl Association; Long Point Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Fund; Bluff's Hunting Club; Waterfowl Research Foundations; Ducks Unlimited Canada; Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters; Ontario Power Generation; Sydenham Conservation Foundation; Long Point and Area Fish and Game Club; Long Point Waterfowlers' Association; Bird Studies Canada; Pennsylvania Game Commission FX Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank the following individuals for their assistance with the Pool 19 Scaup Project: J. S. Bergman, P. J. Gregory, A. W. Hancock, D. D. Hoffman, D. J. Holm, M. J. Jones, R. K. Leonard, R. W. Marshalla, S. E. Jenkins, J. T. Lamer, D. C. Douglas, and numerous volunteer banders. We thank the following agencies and groups for providing funding and in kind services to the Pool 19 Scaup Project: Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Joint Venture, Prairie Pothole Joint Venture, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Regions 2 and 3, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)-Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Louisiana State University, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, USGS-Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Ducks Unlimited, Kibbe Research Station of Western Illinois University, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Canadian Wildlife Service, Missouri Department of Conservation, Des Moines and Louisa County Conservation Boards, Tri Oak Foods, Cargill Corporation, Mississippi Valley Callers Association, Brockway Mechanical and Roofing, Greater Blue Heron Wildlife Refuge, Gulf Coast Joint Venture, NDGF, and Minnesota Waterfowl Association. We also thank the following agencies for providing funding and assistance with the Lake Erie Scaup Project: Long Point Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Fund, by way of the Bluff's Hunting Club, The Waterfowl Research Foundations, Ducks Unlimited Canada, Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters, Ontario Power Generation, Sydenham Conservation Foundation, Long Point and Area Fish and Game Club, Long Point Waterfowlers' Association, Bird Studies Canada, the Canadian Wildlife Service, Pennsylvania Game Commission, and NDGF. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 80 IS 8 BP 1437 EP 1449 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21131 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EF0UC UT WOS:000390040600010 ER PT J AU Reyes, GA Rodriguez, MJ Lindke, KT Ayres, KL Halterman, MD Boroski, BB Johnston, DS AF Reyes, Gabriel A. Rodriguez, Meredith J. Lindke, Kenneth T. Ayres, Katherine L. Halterman, Murrelet D. Boroski, Brian B. Johnston, Dave S. TI Searcher Efficiency and Survey Coverage Affect Precision of Fatality Estimates SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE avian; bats; birds; California; detection dogs; fatality estimates; fatality surveys; searcher efficiency; solar energy; wind energy ID WIND ENERGY FACILITIES; BIRD MORTALITY; BAT FATALITY; SONGBIRD CARCASSES; BUFFALO RIDGE; UNITED-STATES; DOGS; TURBINES; FARMS; MINNESOTA AB Studies at renewable energy sites often attempt to estimate avian and bat fatalities or fatality rates (e.g., fatalities/megawatt [MW]/year). However, searcher efficiency and level of survey effort among sites are variable. We evaluated how searcher efficiency and proportion of area surveyed affected precision of fatality estimates and probability of detecting rare fatalities (e.g., fatalities of an endangered species). We measured searcher-efficiency rates of human and dog-handler teams for 3 fatality types: feather spots, small carcasses, and large carcasses. We also created high and low searcher-efficiency scenarios to evaluate effects of searcher efficiency across a broader range. Model selection on a set of logistic regression models for our empirical trials supported search team and fatality type as important predictors of searcher-efficiency rates, and demonstrated that dog-handler teams had higher searcher efficiency for all fatality types than human search teams. We used model simulations to evaluate fatality estimates obtained across the 4 searche-refficiency scenarios and 10 levels of survey coverage: 10-100%, in increments of 10%. At each level of survey coverage, width of confidence intervals decreased as searcher efficiency increased; however, as survey coverage increased, width of the confidence intervals stabilized, and further increases in coverage did not lead to increases in precision. Average fatality estimates were biased positively and this bias increased with lesser searcher efficiency. The survey coverage necessary to achieve 80% detection probability for rare fatalities (defined as 1, 5, or 15 fatalities) decreased as searcher efficiency increased for all fatality types. When a rare fatality was defined as a single fatality out of 1,000, an 80% detection probability was achieved only by dog-handler teams and the high searcher-efficiency scenario, and only for large carcasses. Our results emphasize the need for managers and agencies to consider study objectives and site characteristics when selecting level of survey coverage, type of search team, and other options to maximize searcher efficiency. (C) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Reyes, Gabriel A.; Rodriguez, Meredith J.; Johnston, Dave S.] HT Harvey & Associates, 983 Univ Ave,Bldg D, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA. [Lindke, Kenneth T.] HT Harvey & Associates, 1125 16th St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Ayres, Katherine L.] HT Harvey & Associates, 1241 Johnson Ave,Suite 105, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 USA. [Halterman, Murrelet D.; Boroski, Brian B.] HT Harvey & Associates, 7815 N Palm Ave,Suite 310, Fresno, CA 93711 USA. [Reyes, Gabriel A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Rodriguez, Meredith J.] Transcon Environm, 1942 Univ Ave,Suite 208, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Reyes, GA (reprint author), HT Harvey & Associates, 983 Univ Ave,Bldg D, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA. EM gabe.reyes01@gmail.com OI Reyes, Gabriel/0000-0001-9281-5300 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 80 IS 8 BP 1488 EP 1496 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21126 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EF0UC UT WOS:000390040600015 ER PT J AU Mitchell, SM Bodensteiner, BL Strickland, JT Quick, JK Janzen, FJ AF Mitchell, Sarah M. Bodensteiner, Brooke L. Strickland, Jeramie T. Quick, James K. Janzen, Fredric J. TI Habitat Alteration and Survival Rates of the Ornate Box Turtle SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE development; habitat alteration; Illinois; management; ornate box turtle; sand prairie; survival; Terrapene ornata ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; LONG-LIVED ORGANISMS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; TERRAPENE-ORNATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; MODEL SELECTION; SITE FIDELITY; HOME-RANGE; CONSERVATION AB Habitat destruction and modification may be the most prominent anthropogenic forces affecting extant biological systems. Growing evidence suggests that turtles are especially vulnerable to many anthropogenic stressors. We evaluated the effects of habitat modification on survival rates of the threatened ornate box turtle (Terrapene ornata) in northwest Illinois, USA, using a 20-year mark-recapture dataset. Longstanding development (i.e., cottages, outbuildings, landscape management) reduced the apparent survival of the ornate box turtle, especially among females. In contrast, smaller, more recent development (i.e., construction and paving of a bike path) did not have demonstrable negative effects on apparent survival. Our results indicate that the scale of development is important to consider in management and that adverse effects of anthropogenic development may require a considerable time frame to manifest in long-lived organisms. (C) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Mitchell, Sarah M.; Bodensteiner, Brooke L.; Janzen, Fredric J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 251 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Strickland, Jeramie T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Mississippi River Natl Wildlife & Fish Refu, 7071 Riverview Rd, Thomson, IL 61285 USA. [Quick, James K.] North Carolina A&T State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Janzen, FJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 251 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM fjanzen@iastate.edu FU George Washington Carver Summer Internship; Iowa State University's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; NSF GK-12 Fellowship; NSF [DEB-1242510] FX We thank the 1996-2015 Turtle Camp research crews and student members of the Turtle Camp Research and Education in Ecology program for essential field assistance. S. J. Dinsmore, R. W. Klaver, M. E. Pearson, the Janzen and Bronikowski lab groups, and 2 reviewers provided valuable comments that improved the manuscript. We thank the Illinois DNR and Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge for ongoing permits, including W. Davison and J. Kilburg who have already begun implementing modified practices for vegetation and fire management to minimize adverse effects on these imperiled turtles. This research was funded in part by a George Washington Carver Summer Internship to J. K. Quick, Iowa State University's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, an NSF GK-12 Fellowship to S. M. Mitchell, and NSF grant DEB-1242510 (with RAHSS and REU supplements) to F. J. Janzen. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 80 IS 8 BP 1503 EP 1508 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21142 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EF0UC UT WOS:000390040600017 ER PT J AU Hodgskiss, LH Nagy, J Barnhart, EP Cunningham, AB Fields, MW AF Hodgskiss, L. H. Nagy, J. Barnhart, E. P. Cunningham, A. B. Fields, M. W. TI Cultivation of a native alga for biomass and biofuel accumulation in coal bed methane production water SO ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Powder river basin; Water recycle; Algae; Bio-oil ID DIATOM PHAEODACTYLUM-TRICORNUTUM; LIPID-ACCUMULATION; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; MICROALGAL STRAINS; SCENEDESMUS SP; BIODIESEL; EXTRACTION; GROWTH; IRON; PH AB Coal bed methane (CBM) production has resulted in thousands of ponds in the Powder River Basin of low-quality water in a water-challenged region. A green alga isolate, PW95, was isolated from a CBM production pond, and analysis of a partial ribosomal gene sequence indicated the isolate belongs to the Chlorococcaceae family. Different combinations of macro-and micronutrients were evaluated for PW95 growth in CBM water compared to a defined medium. A small level of growth was observed in unamended CBM water (0.15 g/l), and biomass increased (2-fold) in amended CBM water or defined growth medium. The highest growth rate was observed in CBM water amended with both N and P, and the unamended CBM water displayed the lowest growth rate. The highest lipid content (27%) was observed in CBM water with nitrate, and a significant level of lipid accumulation was not observed in the defined growth medium. Growth analysis indicated that nitrate deprivation coincided with lipid accumulation in CBM production water, and lipid accumulation did not increase with additional phosphorus limitation. The presented results show that CBM production wastewater can be minimally amended and used for the cultivation of a native, lipid-accumulating alga. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hodgskiss, L. H.; Cunningham, A. B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Hodgskiss, L. H.; Barnhart, E. P.; Cunningham, A. B.; Fields, M. W.] Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, 366 EPS Bldg, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Nagy, J.; Fields, M. W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Barnhart, E. P.] US Geol Survey, Wyoming Montana Water Sci Ctr, Helena, MT USA. [Cunningham, A. B.; Fields, M. W.] Montana State Univ, Energy Res Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Fields, MW (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, 366 EPS Bldg, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM matthew.fields@biofilm.montana.edu FU MBRCT from the State of Montana [14-16]; Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy [DE-FE0024068]; U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program (USGS-ERP) [DE-FE0024068] FX The authors would like to thank the CBM research group and the Algal Research group at Montana State University for helpful discussions, and Drs. D. Ritter and J. McIntosh at the University of Arizona Department of Hydrology and Water Resources for water geochemistry of FG-09 CBM production water. The authors would also like to thank Bradley Ramsay for help in the field as well as Jacob Valenzuela, Erika Whitney, and Whitney Grimsrud for laboratory assistance. The presented work was supported by MBRCT #14-16 from the State of Montana as well as DE-FE0024068 from the Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy and the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program (USGS-ERP). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-9264 J9 ALGAL RES JI Algal Res. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 19 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.algal.2016.07.014 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA EF0FP UT WOS:000390001400008 ER PT J AU Crossman, J Eimers, MC Casson, NJ Burns, DA Campbell, JL Likens, GE Mitchell, MJ Nelson, SJ Shanley, JB Watmough, SA Webster, KL AF Crossman, Jill Eimers, M. Catherine Casson, Nora J. Burns, Douglas A. Campbell, John L. Likens, Gene E. Mitchell, Myron J. Nelson, Sarah J. Shanley, James B. Watmough, Shaun A. Webster, Kara L. TI Regional meteorological drivers and long term trends of winter-spring nitrate dynamics across watersheds in northeastern North America SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Rain-on-snow; Nitrate; Meteorological drivers ID SOUTH-CENTRAL ONTARIO; ON-SNOW EVENTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FORESTED CATCHMENTS; BASE-CATION; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS; NITROGEN BUDGETS; FUTURE CHANGES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; MAINE BBWM AB This study evaluated the contribution of winter rain-on-snow (ROS) events to annual and seasonal nitrate (N-NO3) export and identified the regional meteorological drivers of inter-annual variability in ROS N-NO3 export (ROS-N) at 9 headwater streams located across Ontario, Canada and the northeastern United States. Although on average only 3.3 % of annual precipitation fell as ROS during winter over the study period, these events contributed a significant proportion of annual and winter N-NO3 export at the majority of sites (average of 12 and 42 %, respectively); with the exception of the most northern catchment, where total winter precipitation was exceptionally low (average 77 mm). In years with a greater magnitude of ROS events, the timing of the peak N-NO3 export period (during spring melt) was redistributed to earlier in the year. Variability in ROS frequency and magnitude amongst sites was high and a generalised linear model demonstrated that this spatial variability could be explained by interactive effects between regional and site-specific drivers. Snowpack coverage was particularly important for explaining the site-specific ROS response. Specifically, ROS events were less common when higher temperatures eliminated snow cover despite increasing the proportion of winter rainfall, whereas ROS event frequency was greater at sites where sufficient snow cover remained. This research suggests that catchment response to changes in N deposition is sensitive to climate change; a vulnerability which appears to vary in intensity throughout the seasonally snow-covered temperate region. Furthermore, the sensitivity of stream N-NO3 export to ROS events and potential shifts (earlier) in the timing of N-NO3 export relative to other nutrients affect downstream nutrient stoichiometry and the community composition of phytoplankton and other algae. C1 [Crossman, Jill; Eimers, M. Catherine] Trent Univ, Sch Environm, West Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Casson, Nora J.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Geog, Portage Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Burns, Douglas A.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, New York, NY 12180 USA. [Campbell, John L.] USDA Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Likens, Gene E.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Likens, Gene E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Mitchell, Myron J.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Nelson, Sarah J.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, 331 Commerce Way, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. [Watmough, Shaun A.] Trent Univ, Environm & Resource Studies Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Webster, Kara L.] Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, 1219 Queen St, Sault Ste Marie P6A 2E5, ON, Canada. RP Crossman, J (reprint author), Trent Univ, Sch Environm, West Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. EM jillcrossman@trentu.ca FU NSERC; National Science Foundation; A.W. Mellon Foundation; Long-Term Monitoring Program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Canadian Forest Service FX The authors thank the many agencies that contributed to the long-term data records for these sites. The cross-site comparison was funded by an NSERC Strategic Grant. Monitoring of Harp and Dickie Lake was supported by the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, and the Dorset Environmental Science Centre. The long-term data from IISD-ELA represent the hard work of many past and present staff, and are gratefully acknowledged. BBWM data have been collected since 1986 with support from the US EPA, US NSF, USGS, USFS, the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station, and the University of Maine. Funding for precipitation and streamwater chemistry at Hubbard Brook was provided by the National Science Foundation, including the LTER and LTERB programs, and the A.W. Mellon Foundation; hydrometeorological data were obtained through support from the USDA Forest Service. Data collection at Biscuit Brook is funded by the Long-Term Monitoring Program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Funding for this research at the TLW sites was provided by Canadian Forest Service base funds. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2016 VL 130 IS 3 BP 247 EP 265 DI 10.1007/s10533-016-0255-z PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA EF0NG UT WOS:000390021800004 ER PT J AU Thiel, S Soeffky, P Krieger, L Regenauer-Lieb, K Peacock', J Heinson, G AF Thiel, S. Soeffky, P. Krieger, L. Regenauer-Lieb, K. Peacock', J. Heinson, G. TI Conductivity response to intraplate deformation: Evidence formetamorphic devolatilization and crustal-scale fluid focusing SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; FLINDERS RANGES; SHEAR ZONES; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; CONTINENTAL COLLISION; FAULT REACTIVATION; CREEP CAVITATION; FLOW; BENEATH; SYSTEM AB We present two-dimensional electrical resistivity models of two 40 km magnetotelluric (MT) profiles across the Frome Embayment to the east of the northern Flinders Ranges, South Australia. The lower crust shows low resistivity of 10 Omega m at around 30 km depth. The middle crust is dominated by resistive (>1000 Omega m) basement rocks underlying the Flinders Ranges. Adjacent to the ranges, conductive lower crust is connected to vertical zones of higher conductivity extending to just below the brittle-ductile transition at similar to 10 km depth. The conductive zones narrow in the brittle upper crust and dip at roughly 45 degrees beneath the surface. Zones of enhanced conductivity coincide with higher strain due to topographic loading and sparse seismicity. We propose that fluids are generated through neotectonic metamorphic devolatilization. Low-resistivity zones display areas of fluid pathways along either preexisting faults or an effect of crustal compression leading to metamorphic fluid generation. The lower crustal conductors are responding to long-wavelength flexure-induced strain, while the upper crustal conductors are responding to short wavelength faulting in the brittle regime. MT is a useful tool for imaging crustal strain in response to far-field stresses in an intraplate setting and provides important constraints for geodynamic modeling and crustal rheology. C1 [Thiel, S.] Geol Survey South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Thiel, S.; Soeffky, P.; Krieger, L.; Heinson, G.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Regenauer-Lieb, K.] Univ New South Wales, Fac Engn, Kensington, NSW, Australia. [Peacock', J.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Thiel, S (reprint author), Geol Survey South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.; Thiel, S (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia. EM stephan.thiel@sa.gov.au OI Thiel, Stephan/0000-0002-8678-412X FU Geological Survey of South Australia (GSSA); SACGER FX We thank Petratherm Ltd. for providing MT data for the southern profile and logistical support and AuScope for providing MT instruments for the other sites. Geological Survey of South Australia (GSSA) and SACGER provided logistical and financial support. P. Murray, J. Ross, H. Adam, G. Boren, and K. Stoate provided field support. Earthquake data are from GSSA. Heathgate are thanked for logistical support and the Aboriginal land title holders are sincerely thanked for access. Figures are produced from GMT [Wessel and Smith, 1998] and MTPy [Krieger and Peacock, 2014]. This work is published with the permission of the Director of GSSA. The data can be obtained from the corresponding author. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 43 IS 21 BP 11236 EP 11244 DI 10.1002/2016GL071351 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EE0YB UT WOS:000389305000042 ER PT J AU Swezey, CS Fitzwater, BA Whittecar, GR Mahan, SA Garrity, CP Gonzalez, WBA Dobbs, KM AF Swezey, Christopher S. Fitzwater, Bradley A. Whittecar, G. Richard Mahan, Shannon A. Garrity, Christopher P. Gonzalez, Wilma B. Aleman Dobbs, Kerby M. TI The Carolina Sandhills: Quaternary eolian sand sheets and dunes along the updip margin of the Atlantic Coastal Plain province, southeastern United States SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Eolian; Pinehurst Formation; Quaternary; South Carolina ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; REGENERATIVE-DOSE PROTOCOL; PAST 21,000 YEARS; GRAIN-SIZE; STATISTICAL-MODELS; LATE PLEISTOCENE; VICTORIA-VALLEY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOUTH-CAROLINA AB The Carolina Sandhills is a physiographic region of the Atlantic Coastal Plain province in the southeastern United States. In Chesterfield County (South Carolina), the surficial sand of this region is the Pinehurst Formation, which is interpreted as eolian sand derived from the underlying Cretaceous Middendorf Formation. This sand has yielded three clusters of optically stimulated luminescence ages: (1) 75 to 37 thousand years ago (ka), coincident with growth of the Laurentide Ice Sheet; (2) 28 to 18 ka, coincident with the last glacial maximum (LGM); and (3) 12 to 6 ka, mostly coincident with the Younger Dryas through final collapse of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Relict dune morphologies are consistent with winds from the west or northwest, coincident with modern and inferred LGM January wind directions. Sand sheets are more common than dunes because of effects of coarse grain size (mean range: 0.35-0.59 mm) and vegetation. The coarse grain size would have required LGM wind velocities of at least 4-6 m/sec, accounting for effects of colder air temperatures on eolian sand transport. The eolian interpretation of the Carolina Sandhills is consistent with other evidence for eolian activity in the southeastern United States during the last glaciation. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington. C1 [Swezey, Christopher S.; Gonzalez, Wilma B. Aleman] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Fitzwater, Bradley A.; Whittecar, G. Richard] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046 Denver Fed Ctr,MS 974, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Garrity, Christopher P.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Dobbs, Kerby M.] Maser Consulting, 2000 Midlantic Dr, Mt Laurel, NJ 08054 USA. RP Swezey, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cswezey@usgs.gov FU USGS EdMap (Chesterfield County, SC) FX The authors thank Allyne Askins, Nancy Jordan, and Jack Culpeper (Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge) and Brian Davis (Carolina Sand Hills State Forest), as well as numerous landowners in Chesterfield County, for property access and permission to work at various locations. BAF and GRW received USGS EdMap funding for geologic mapping of the Patrick quadrangle (Chesterfield County, SC). This manuscript benefitted from reviews by USGS geologists Christopher Bernhardt and Thomas Cronin, as well as reviews for the journal by Joe Mason, an anonymous reviewer, and journal editors James Shulmeister and Derek Booth. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 163 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 86 IS 3 BP 271 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.ygres.2016.08.007 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EE8IU UT WOS:000389869700003 ER PT J AU Thit, A Ramskov, T Croteau, MN Selck, H AF Thit, Amalie Ramskov, Tina Croteau, Marie-Noele Selck, Henriette TI Biodynamics of copper oxide nanoparticles and copper ions in an oligochaete - Part II: Subcellular distribution following sediment exposure SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Body burden; Freshwater; Lumbriculus variegatus; Metal; Sediment; Stable isotope tracer ID DEPOSIT-FEEDING SNAIL; POLYCHAETE HEDISTE-DIVERSICOLOR; LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS; NEREIS-DIVERSICOLOR; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; POTAMOPYRGUS-ANTIPODARUM; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; CELLULAR INTERNALIZATION; METAL BIOACCUMULATION AB The use and likely incidental release of metal nanoparticles (NPs) is steadily increasing. Despite the increasing amount of published literature on metal NP toxicity in the aquatic environment, very little is known about the biological fate of NPs after sediment exposures. Here, we compare the bioavailability and subcellular distribution of copper oxide (CuO) NPs and aqueous Cu (Cu-Aq) in the sediment-dwelling worm Lumbriculus variegatus. Ten days (d) sediment exposure resulted in marginal Cu bioaccumulation in L. variegatus for both forms of Cu. Bioaccumulation was detected because isotopically enriched Cu-65 was used as a tracer. Neither burrowing behavior or survival was affected by the exposure. Once incorporated into tissue, Cu loss was negligible over 10 d of elimination in clean sediment (Cu elimination rate constants were not different from zero). With the exception of day 10, differences in bioaccumulation and subcellular distribution between Cu forms were either not detectable or marginal. After 10 d of exposure to Cu-Aq, the accumulated Cu was primarily partitioned in the subcellular fraction containing metallothionein-like proteins (MTLP, approximate to:40%)and cellular debris (CD,approximate to 30%). Cu concentrations in these fractions were significantly higher than in controls. For worms exposed to CuO NPs for 10 d, most of the accumulated Cu was partitioned in the CD fraction (approximate to 40%), which was the only subcellular fraction where the Cu concentration was significantly higher than for the control group. Our results indicate that L. variegatus handle the two Cu forms differently. However, longer-term exposures are suggested in order to clearly highlight differences in the subcellular distribution of these two Cu forms. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Thit, Amalie; Ramskov, Tina; Selck, Henriette] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Thit, Amalie; Ramskov, Tina; Croteau, Marie-Noele; Selck, Henriette] Roskilde Univ, Dept Sci & Environm, Univ Vej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Thit, A (reprint author), Roskilde Univ, Dept Sci & Environm, Univ Vej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM athitj@ruc.dk; tramskov@hotmail.com; mcroteau@usgs.gov OI Thit, Amalie/0000-0001-8842-6273 FU National Research Program of the US Geological Survey; Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation (Denmark) FX This work was carried out at the U.S. Geological Survey, California, USA and Roskilde University, Denmark. We are tremendously grateful to Superb Misra (the Natural History Museum, London, UK) for providing the 65CuO NP used. We also thank Dan Cain (USGS) for his advice and laboratory assistance on the subcellular distribution technique as well as manuscript review. The Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation (Denmark) are gratefully acknowledged for providing a travel grant to Tina Ramskov (Elite-Forsk). Funding from the National Research Program of the US Geological Survey is acknowledged. Any use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 180 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.08.011 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA ED3VW UT WOS:000388777600003 PM 27640154 ER PT J AU Holbrook, JD Pilliod, DS Arkle, RS Rachlow, JL Vierling, KT Wiest, MM AF Holbrook, Joseph D. Pilliod, David S. Arkle, Robert S. Rachlow, Janet L. Vierling, Kerri T. Wiest, Michelle M. TI Transition of Vegetation States Positively Affects Harvester Ants in the Great Basin, United States SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; Bromus tectorum; granivore; Pogonomyrmex; state transitions; wildfire ID POGONOMYRMEX-RUGOSUS; SAGEBRUSH ECOSYSTEMS; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; NONNATIVE PLANTS; BROMUS-TECTORUM; SEED PREDATION; BIG SAGEBRUSH; DESERT; FIRE AB Invasions by non-native plants can alter ecosystems such that new ecological states are reached, but less is known about how these transitions influence animal populations. Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) ecosystems are experiencing state changes because of fire and invasion by exotic annual grasses. Our goal was to study the effects of these state changes on the Owyhee and western harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex salinus Olsen and P. occidentalis Cresson, respectively). We sampled 358 1-ha plots across the northern Great Basin, which captured unburned and burned conditions across 1->= 31 years postfire. Our results indicated an immediate and consistent change in vegetation states from shrubland to grassland between 1 and 31 years postfire. Harvester ant occupancy was unrelated to time since fire, whereas we observed a positive effect of fire on nest density. Similarly, we discovered that fire and invasion by exotic annuals were weak predictors of harvester ant occupancy but strong predictors of nest density. Occupancy of harvester ants was more likely in areas with finer-textured soils, low precipitation, abundant native forbs, and low shrub cover. Nest density was higher in arid locations that recently burned and exhibited abundant exotic annual and perennial (exotic and native) grasses. Finally, we discovered that burned areas that received postfire restoration had minimal influence on harvester ant occupancy or nest density compared with burned and untreated areas. These results suggest that fire-induced state changes from native shrublands to grasslands dominated by non-native grasses have a positive effect on density of harvester ants (but not occupancy), and that postfire restoration does not appear to positively or negatively affect harvester ants. Although wildfire and invasion by exotic annual grasses may negatively affect other species, harvester ants may indeed be one of the few winners among a myriad of losers linked to vegetation state changes within sagebrush ecosystems. (C) 2016 The Society for Range Management. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Holbrook, Joseph D.; Rachlow, Janet L.; Vierling, Kerri T.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Pilliod, David S.; Arkle, Robert S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Wiest, Michelle M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Stat Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Holbrook, JD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jholbrook03@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation's IGERT program [0903479]; Shikar Safari Club International Scholarship; J. Michael and Sharon L. Scott Graduate Student Scholarship; Joint Fire Science Program [11-1-2-30]; USGS Coordinated Sagebrush Studies Project FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation's IGERT program (Award 0903479), Shikar Safari Club International Scholarship, the J. Michael and Sharon L. Scott Graduate Student Scholarship, Joint Fire Science Program (Project ID: 11-1-2-30), and the USGS Coordinated Sagebrush Studies Project. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 69 IS 6 BP 449 EP 456 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2016.06.009 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ED5DS UT WOS:000388872400006 ER PT J AU Dye, DG Middleton, BR Vogel, JM Wu, Z Velasco, M AF Dye, Dennis G. Middleton, Barry R. Vogel, John M. Wu, Zhuoting Velasco, Miguel TI Exploiting Differential Vegetation Phenology for Satellite-Based Mapping of Semiarid Grass Vegetation in the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE phenology; differential vegetation phenology; DVP; normalized difference phenometric index; NDPI; vegetation mapping; grassland; rangeland ID NDVI TIME-SERIES; MODIS BRDF DATA; SOIL-MOISTURE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MEDITERRANEAN FORESTS; HERBACEOUS VEGETATION; SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA; TEMPERATE SAVANNA; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; SEASONAL METRICS AB We developed and evaluated a methodology for subpixel discrimination and large-area mapping of the perennialwarm-season (C-4) grass component of vegetation cover in mixed-composition landscapes of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. We describe the methodology within a general, conceptual framework that we identify as the differential vegetation phenology (DVP) paradigm. We introduce a DVP index, the Normalized Difference Phenometric Index (NDPI) that provides vegetation type-specific information at the subpixel scale by exploiting differential patterns of vegetation phenology detectable in time-series spectral vegetation index (VI) data from multispectral land imagers. We used modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI(2)) data from Landsat to develop the NDPI, and MSAVI(2) data from MODIS to compare its performance relative to one alternate DVP metric (difference of spring average MSAVI(2) and summer maximum MSAVI(2)), and two simple, conventional VI metrics (summer average MSAVI(2), summer maximum MSAVI(2)). The NDPI in a scaled form (NDPIs) performed best in predicting variation in perennial C-4 grass cover as estimated from landscape photographs at 92 sites (R-2 = 0.76, p < 0.001), indicating improvement over the alternate DVP metric (R-2 = 0.73, p < 0.001) and substantial improvement over the two conventional VI metrics (R-2 = 0.62 and 0.56, p < 0.001). The results suggest DVP-based methods, and the NDPI in particular, can be effective for subpixel discrimination and mapping of exposed perennial C-4 grass cover within mixed-composition landscapes of the Southwest, and potentially for monitoring of its response to drought, climate change, grazing and other factors, including land management. With appropriate adjustments, the method could potentially be used for subpixel discrimination and mapping of grass or other vegetation types in other regions where the vegetation components of the landscape exhibit contrasting seasonal patterns of phenology. C1 [Dye, Dennis G.; Middleton, Barry R.; Vogel, John M.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Wu, Zhuoting] US Geol Survey, Land Remote Sensing Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Velasco, Miguel] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Dye, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM ddye@usgs.gov; bmiddleton@usgs.gov; jvogel@usgs.gov; zwu@usgs.gov; mvelasco@usgs.gov FU USGS Land Remote Sensing Program, Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area FX This research was supported by the USGS Land Remote Sensing Program, Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area. NR 103 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 11 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 8 IS 11 AR UNSP 889 DI 10.3390/rs8110889 PG 33 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA ED4DS UT WOS:000388798400010 ER PT J AU Gu, YX Wylie, BK Boyte, SP Picotte, J Howard, DM Smith, K Nelson, KJ AF Gu, Yingxin Wylie, Bruce K. Boyte, Stephen P. Picotte, Joshua Howard, Daniel M. Smith, Kelcy Nelson, Kurtis J. TI An Optimal Sample Data Usage Strategy to Minimize Overfitting and Underfitting Effects in Regression Tree Models Based on Remotely-Sensed Data SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; data mining; regression tree mapping model; Cubist optimization; Python scripts; overfitting; underfitting; MODIS NDVI; Landsat ID ECOSYSTEM PERFORMANCE ANOMALIES; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; LANDSAT DATA; RIVER-BASIN; SATELLITE; NDVI; VEGETATION; MODIS; BIOMASS AB Regression tree models have been widely used for remote sensing-based ecosystem mapping. Improper use of the sample data (model training and testing data) may cause overfitting and underfitting effects in the model. The goal of this study is to develop an optimal sampling data usage strategy for any dataset and identify an appropriate number of rules in the regression tree model that will improve its accuracy and robustness. Landsat 8 data and Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer-scaled Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used to develop regression tree models. A Python procedure was designed to generate random replications of model parameter options across a range ofmodel development data sizes and rule number constraints. The mean absolute difference (MAD) between the predicted and actual NDVI (scaled NDVI, value from 0-200) and its variability across the different randomized replications were calculated to assess the accuracy and stability of the models. In our case study, a six-rule regression tree model developed from 80% of the sample data had the lowest MAD (MAD(training) = 2.5 and MAD(testing) = 2.4), which was suggested as the optimal model. This study demonstrates how the training data and rule number selections impact model accuracy and provides important guidance for future remote-sensing-based ecosystem modeling. C1 [Gu, Yingxin; Picotte, Joshua] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC InuTeq, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.; Nelson, Kurtis J.] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Boyte, Stephen P.; Howard, Daniel M.; Smith, Kelcy] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, SGT, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gu, YX (reprint author), US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC InuTeq, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM yingxin.gu.ctr@usgs.gov; wylie@usgs.gov; joshua.picotte.ctr@usgs.gov; danny.howard.ctr@usgs.gov; kelcy.smith.ctr@usgs.gov OI Picotte, Joshua/0000-0002-4021-4623; Gu, Yingxin/0000-0002-3544-1856; Howard, Daniel/0000-0002-7563-7538; Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Boyte, Stephen/0000-0002-5462-3225 FU USGS [G13PC00028, G10PC00044]; USGS Land Change Science Program FX This work was performed under USGS contract G13PC00028 and G10PC00044 and funded by the USGS Land Change Science Program in support of Renewable Energy-Biofuels and Carbon Flux research. The authors thank Neal J. Pastick, Thomas Adamson, Sandra C. Cooper, and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 8 IS 11 AR 943 DI 10.3390/rs8110943 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA ED4DS UT WOS:000388798400064 ER PT J AU Pervez, MS Henebry, GM AF Pervez, Md Shahriar Henebry, Geoffrey M. TI Differential Heating in the Indian Ocean Differentially Modulates Precipitation in the Ganges and Brahmaputra Basins SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Indian Ocean dipole; sea surface temperature; Ganges precipitation; Brahmaputra precipitation; outgoing longwave radiation; Indian monsoon; El Nino; La Nina; empirical orthogonal function; geopotential height ID OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SUMMER MONSOON; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; DIPOLE EVENTS; RIVER-BASIN; EL-NINO; ENSO; RAINFALL; SST AB Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature dynamics play a prominent role in Asian summer monsoon variability. Two interactive climate modes of the Indo-Pacific-the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean dipole mode-modulate the amount of precipitation over India, in addition to precipitation over Africa, Indonesia, and Australia. However, this modulation is not spatially uniform. The precipitation in southern India is strongly forced by the Indian Ocean dipole mode and ENSO. In contrast, across northern India, encompassing the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins, the climate mode influence on precipitation is much less. Understanding the forcing of precipitation in these river basins is vital for food security and ecosystem services for over half a billion people. Using 28 years of remote sensing observations, we demonstrate that (i) the tropical west-east differential heating in the Indian Ocean influences the Ganges precipitation and (ii) the north-south differential heating in the Indian Ocean influences the Brahmaputra precipitation. The El Nino phase induces warming in the warm pool of the Indian Ocean and exerts more influence on Ganges precipitation than Brahmaputra precipitation. The analyses indicate that both the magnitude and position of the sea surface temperature anomalies in the Indian Ocean are important drivers for precipitation dynamics that can be effectively summarized using two new indices, one tuned for each basin. These new indices have the potential to aid forecasting of drought and flooding, to contextualize land cover and land use change, and to assess the regional impacts of climate change. C1 [Pervez, Md Shahriar] US Geol Survey, Arctic Slope Reg Corp Fed InuTeq, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Henebry, Geoffrey M.] South Dakota State Univ, Geospatial Sci Ctr Excellence, 1021 Medary Ave,Wecota Hall 506B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Pervez, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arctic Slope Reg Corp Fed InuTeq, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM shahriar.pervez.ctr@usgs.gov; geoffrey.henebry@sdstate.edu OI Henebry, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8999-2709 FU U.S. Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning Systems Network; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) under USGS contract [G13PC00028]; Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence at South Dakota State University FX This research was supported in part by the U.S. Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning Systems Network agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), work performed under USGS contract G13PC00028, and in part by the Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence at South Dakota State University. We thank these agencies for their support. We sincerely thank Miliaritiana Robjhon of the NOAA Center for Weather and Climate Prediction for guiding us in processing the wind data. We are also thankful to William Capehart at SDSMT for suggestions made throughout the research. We greatly appreciate the astute comments made by the anonymous reviewers, and technical comments and edits by USGS reviewers that helped us to improve the manuscript. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 8 IS 11 AR 901 DI 10.3390/rs8110901 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA ED4DS UT WOS:000388798400022 ER PT J AU Qin, YW Xiao, XM Wang, J Dong, JW Ewing, KT Hoagland, B Hough, DJ Fagin, TD Zou, ZH Geissler, GL Xian, GZ Loveland, TR AF Qin, Yuanwei Xiao, Xiangming Wang, Jie Dong, Jinwei Ewing, Kayti Hoagland, Bruce Hough, Daniel J. Fagin, Todd D. Zou, Zhenhua Geissler, George L. Xian, George Z. Loveland, Thomas R. TI Mapping Annual Forest Cover in Sub-Humid and Semi-Arid Regions through Analysis of Landsat and PALSAR Imagery SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE forest change; forest management; data integration; uncertainties ID WOODY-PLANT ENCROACHMENT; ALOS PALSAR; TROPICAL FOREST; TIME-SERIES; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; JERS-1 SAR; AVHRR DATA; RADAR; MAPS; CLASSIFICATION AB Accurately mapping the spatial distribution of forests in sub-humid to semi-arid regions over time is important for forest management but a challenging task. Relatively large uncertainties still exist in the spatial distribution of forests and forest changes in the sub-humid and semi-arid regions. Numerous publications have used either optical or synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing imagery, but the resultant forest cover maps often have large errors. In this study, we propose a pixel-and rule-based algorithm to identify and map annual forests from 2007 to 2010 in Oklahoma, USA, a transitional region with various climates and landscapes, using the integration of the L-band Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS) PALSAR Fine Beam Dual Polarization (FBD) mosaic dataset and Landsat images. The overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of the PALSAR/Landsat forest map were about 88.2% and 0.75 in 2010, with the user and producer accuracy about 93.4% and 75.7%, based on the 3270 random ground plots collected in 2012 and 2013. Compared with the forest products from Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), National Land Cover Database (NLCD), Oklahoma Ecological Systems Map (OKESM) and Oklahoma Forest Resource Assessment (OKFRA), the PALSAR/Landsat forest map showed great improvement. The area of the PALSAR/Landsat forest was about 40,149 km(2) in 2010, which was close to the area from OKFRA (40,468 km(2)), but much larger than those from JAXA (32,403 km(2)) and NLCD (37,628 km(2)). We analyzed annual forest cover dynamics, and the results show extensive forest cover loss (2761 km(2), 6.9% of the total forest area in 2010) and gain (3630 km(2), 9.0%) in southeast and central Oklahoma, and the total area of forests increased by 684 km(2) from 2007 to 2010. This study clearly demonstrates the potential of data fusion between PALSAR and Landsat images for mapping annual forest cover dynamics in sub-humid to semi-arid regions, and the resultant forest maps would be helpful to forest management. C1 [Qin, Yuanwei; Xiao, Xiangming; Wang, Jie; Dong, Jinwei; Zou, Zhenhua] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xiao, Xiangming] Fudan Univ, Inst Biodivers Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Biodivers Sci & Ecol Engn, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Ewing, Kayti; Hoagland, Bruce; Fagin, Todd D.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog & Environm Sustainabil, Oklahoma Nat Heritage Inventory, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ewing, Kayti] Arkansas State Highway & Transportat Dept, Environm Div, Little Rock, AR 72209 USA. [Hoagland, Bruce; Hough, Daniel J.; Fagin, Todd D.] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Geissler, George L.] Oklahoma Forestry Serv, Oklahoma City, OK 73105 USA. [Xian, George Z.; Loveland, Thomas R.] USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Xiao, XM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Xiao, XM (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Inst Biodivers Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Biodivers Sci & Ecol Engn, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM yuanwei.qin@ou.edu; xiangming.xiao@ou.edu; jiewang@ou.edu; jinwei.dong@ou.edu; Anne.Ewing@ahtd.ar.gov; bhoagland@ou.edu; dhough@ou.edu; George.Geissler@ag.ok.gov; xian@usgs.gov; loveland@usgs.gov OI Xiao, Xiangming/0000-0003-0956-7428; Zou, Zhenhua/0000-0002-1682-0893 FU National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture [2013-69002]; National Science Foundation (NSF) EPSCoR program [OIA-1301789]; Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey to AmericaView [G14AP00002] FX This study was supported in part by research grants from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture (2013-69002), the National Science Foundation (NSF) EPSCoR program (OIA-1301789), and the Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey to AmericaView (G14AP00002). We thank Sarah Xiao at Yale University and the writing center at the University of Oklahoma for English editing of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 8 IS 11 AR 933 DI 10.3390/rs8110933 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA ED4DS UT WOS:000388798400054 ER PT J AU Wylie, B Howard, D Dahal, D Gilmanov, T Ji, L Zhang, L Smith, K AF Wylie, Bruce Howard, Daniel Dahal, Devendra Gilmanov, Tagir Ji, Lei Zhang, Li Smith, Kelcy TI Grassland and Cropland Net Ecosystem Production of the US Great Plains: Regression Tree Model Development and Comparative Analysis SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE grassland; crop; carbon flux; net ecosystem production; regression tree; US Great Plains ID YUKON RIVER-BASIN; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; FLUX-TOWER MEASUREMENTS; UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPE CONTROLS; ESTIMATING CARBON; BOREAL FOREST; NORTH-AMERICA; LANDSAT DATA; VARIABILITY AB This paper presents the methodology and results of two ecological-based net ecosystem production (NEP) regression tree models capable of up scaling measurements made at various flux tower sites throughout the U.S. Great Plains. Separate grassland and cropland NEP regression tree models were trained using various remote sensing data and other biogeophysical data, along with 15 flux towers contributing to the grassland model and 15 flux towers for the cropland model. The models yielded weekly mean daily grassland and cropland NEP maps of the U.S. Great Plains at 250 m resolution for 2000-2008. The grassland and cropland NEP maps were spatially summarized and statistically compared. The results of this study indicate that grassland and cropland ecosystems generally performed as weak net carbon (C) sinks, absorbing more C from the atmosphere than they released from 2000 to 2008. Grasslands demonstrated higher carbon sink potential (139 g C.m(-2).year(-1)) than non-irrigated croplands. A closer look into the weekly time series reveals the C fluctuation through time and space for each land cover type. C1 [Wylie, Bruce] US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Howard, Daniel; Dahal, Devendra; Smith, Kelcy] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Gilmanov, Tagir] Gilmanov Res & Consulting LLP, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Ji, Lei] ASRC InuTeq, USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Zhang, Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. RP Wylie, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM wylie@usgs.gov; dhoward.ctr@usgs.gov; devendra.dahal.ctr@usgs.gov; grc1997@me.com; lji.ctr@usgs.gov; zhangli@radi.ac.cn; kelcy.smith.ctr@usgs.gov OI Howard, Daniel/0000-0002-7563-7538; Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 FU U.S. Geological Survey Land Change Science Program FX Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Land Change Science Program. We acknowledge the numerous researchers who provided critical flux tower data from independent research and the Ameriflux, NACP, and Ameriflux programs for supporting carbon flux data collections, synthesis, and understanding. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 8 IS 11 AR 944 DI 10.3390/rs8110944 PG 28 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA ED4DS UT WOS:000388798400065 ER PT J AU Zhao, FR Meng, R Huang, CQ Zhao, MS Zhao, FA Gong, P Yu, L Zhu, ZL AF Zhao, Feng R. Meng, Ran Huang, Chengquan Zhao, Maosheng Zhao, Feng A. Gong, Peng Yu, Le Zhu, Zhiliang TI Long-Term Post-Disturbance Forest Recovery in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Analyzed Using Landsat Time Series Stack SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE wildland fires; timber harvest; detectable forest recovery; 1988 Yellowstone Fires ID NATIONAL-PARK; BOREAL FORESTS; FIRE SEVERITY; UNITED-STATES; COVER CHANGE; GLOBAL CHANGE; LIDAR DATA; PINE; VEGETATION; TRENDS AB Forest recovery from past disturbance is an integral process of ecosystem carbon cycles, and remote sensing provides an effective tool for tracking forest disturbance and recovery over large areas. Although the disturbance products (tracking the conversion from forest to non-forest type) derived using the Landsat Time Series Stack-Vegetation Change Tracker (LTSS-VCT) algorithm have been validated extensively for mapping forest disturbances across the United States, the ability of this approach to characterize long-term post-disturbance recovery (the conversion from non-forest to forest) has yet to be assessed. In this study, the LTSS-VCT approach was applied to examine long-term (up to 24 years) post-disturbance forest spectral recovery following stand-clearing disturbances (fire and harvests) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). Using high spatial resolution images from Google Earth, we validated the detectable forest recovery status mapped by VCT by year 2011. Validation results show that the VCT was able to map long-term post-disturbance forest recovery with overall accuracy of similar to 80% for different disturbance types and forest types in the GYE. Harvested areas in the GYE have higher percentages of forest recovery than burned areas by year 2011, and National Forests land generally has higher recovery rates compared with National Parks. The results also indicate that forest recovery is highly related with forest type, elevation and environmental variables such as soil type. Findings from this study can provide valuable insights for ecosystem modeling that aim to predict future carbon dynamics by integrating fine scale forest recovery conditions in GYE, in the face of climate change. With the availability of the VCT product nationwide, this approach can also be applied to examine long-term post-disturbance forest recovery in other study regions across the U.S. C1 [Zhao, Feng R.; Huang, Chengquan; Zhao, Maosheng; Zhao, Feng A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Meng, Ran] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Bldg 490A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Gong, Peng; Yu, Le] Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 10083, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Zhao, FR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM fengzhao@umd.edu; ranmeng@bnl.gov; cqhuang@umd.edu; zhaoms@umd.edu; zhao26@umd.edu; penggong@tsinghua.edu.cn; leyu@tsinghua.edu.cn; zzhu@usgs.gov RI Yu, Le/C-3701-2008; OI Yu, Le/0000-0003-3115-2042; Zhao, Feng/0000-0003-4534-933X FU USGS LANDCarbon project FX This study was supported by funding from the USGS LANDCarbon project. The authors would like to thank Google Earth for providing the validation platform. Roy Renkin and Carrie Guiles from the National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park kindly shared their rich knowledge on YNP and provided data assistance. The authors would also like to thank Kate Rice, Ashwan Reddy, and Cheryl Nichols for proof-reading the manuscript and providing lots of helpful writing suggestions. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 8 IS 11 AR UNSP 898 DI 10.3390/rs8110898 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA ED4DS UT WOS:000388798400019 ER PT J AU McLaskey, GC Lockner, DA AF McLaskey, Gregory C. Lockner, David A. TI Calibrated Acoustic Emission System Records M-3.5 to M-8 Events Generated on a Saw-Cut Granite Sample SO ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; Acoustic emission; Earthquake; Scaling; Magnitude ID EMPIRICAL GREENS-FUNCTION; SOURCE PARAMETERS; SCALING RELATIONS; STICK-SLIP; EARTHQUAKE; SEISMICITY; TERRASCOPE; CALIFORNIA; FAULT; DROP AB Acoustic emission (AE) analyses have been used for decades for rock mechanics testing, but because AE systems are not typically calibrated, the absolute sizes of dynamic microcrack growth and other physical processes responsible for the generation of AEs are poorly constrained. We describe a calibration technique for the AE recording system as a whole (transducers + amplifiers + digitizers + sample + loading frame) that uses the impact of a 4.76-mm free-falling steel ball bearing as a reference source. We demonstrate the technique on a 76-mm diameter cylinder of westerly granite loaded in a triaxial deformation apparatus at 40 MPa confining pressure. The ball bearing is dropped inside a cavity within the sample while inside the pressure vessel. We compare this reference source to conventional AEs generated during loading of a saw-cut fault in a second granite sample. All located AEs occur on the saw-cut surface and have moment magnitudes ranging from M -5.7 down to at least M -8. Dynamic events rupturing the entire simulated fault surface (stick-slip events) have measurable stress drop and macroscopic slip and radiate seismic waves similar to those from a M -3.5 earthquake. The largest AE events that do not rupture the entire fault are M -5.7. For these events, we also estimate the corner frequency (200-300 kHz), and we assume the Brune model to estimate source dimensions of 4-6 mm. These AE sources are larger than the 0.2 mm grain size and smaller than the 76 x 152 mm fault surface. C1 [McLaskey, Gregory C.] Cornell Univ, 369 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lockner, David A.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP McLaskey, GC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, 369 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM gcm8@cornell.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0723-2632 EI 1434-453X J9 ROCK MECH ROCK ENG JI Rock Mech. Rock Eng. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 49 IS 11 SI SI BP 4527 EP 4536 DI 10.1007/s00603-016-1082-1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA EC1FH UT WOS:000387849400024 ER PT J AU Jin, XY Li, JW Hofstra, A Marsh, E Liu, JZ Yang, W AF Jin XiaoYe Li JianWei Hofstra, Albert Marsh, Erin Liu JianZhong Yang Wu TI Relationship between Carlin-type gold deposits and paleo-petroleum reservoirs in SW Guizhou, China: Evidence from gas compositions of fluid inclusions and Raman spectroscopic characteristics of bitumen SO ACTA PETROLOGICA SINICA LA Chinese DT Article DE Gaseous components of ore fluids; Raman spectra characterization of bitumen; Carlin-type gold deposit; Paleo-petroleum reservoirs; SW Guizhou ID POLYMETALLIC ORE DISTRICT; CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL; SOUTH CHINA; SOUTHWESTERN GUIZHOU; ORGANIC-MATTER; YANKEE BASIN; U-PB; GEOCHEMISTRY; PROVINCE; OIL AB Carlin-type gold deposits in SW Guizhou Province, China, represent the world's second largest concentrations of this type of deposits and show a close spatial relationship with paleo-petroleum reservoirs. Whether gold genesis is genetically related to the paleo-petroleum reservoirs, however, remains unclear and debated. New compositional data of fluid inclusions in various ore-related minerals and Raman spectroscopic characterization of disseminated bitumen in high grade ores from selected gold deposits are used to better understand the relationship between gold mineralization and hydrocarbon generation in the region. Arsenic, and commonly auriferous pyrite, quartz, calcite, and fluorite, which typically formed in different paragenetic stages of gold mineralization, have comparable species, contents, and variation patterns of hydrocarbons. This observation indicates minimum decomposition or restructuring of organic ionic compounds during the evolution of ore-fluids. It is thus inferred that organic matters had a negligible role in carrying gold in the ore-forming fluids as previously suggested. In the N-2/Ar versus CO2/CH4 diagram, analyses from various minerals show a positive correlation extending from a circulating meteoric water field to magmatic fluid field, indicating that the inclusion fluids most likely represent mixture of gaseous species derived from deep concealed magma chamber and circulating meteoric water. It is also noteworthy that one quartz sample from the Shuiyindong gold deposit deviates significantly from the main trend and approaches the organic component field, reflecting abnormal high contents of organic components in the fluid inclusions trapped during the ore-fluid migration. Bitumen disseminations in high grade ores from the selected gold deposits show consistent Raman spectroscopic patterns and therefore are considered to have a similar origin. Based on the Raman spectroscopic data of bitumen, the early-stage ore fluids have calculated temperatures of 317 similar to 336 degrees C, which are significantly higher than paleogeothermal temperatures of 160 similar to 250 degrees C and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions of regional paleo-oil reservoirs (73 similar to 175 degrees C). The abnormally high temperatures of ore fluids suggest that regional paleogeothermal field was insufficient to provide heat source responsible for ore-fluid transportation and gold mineralization. Instead, the heat source was mostly likely provided by deep-seated magma chambers. In conclusion, we suggest that Carlin-type gold deposits in SW Guizhou were distal products of deep-seated magmatic hydrothermal systems, and had no genetic relationship with paleo-oil reservoirs in the region. Gold- and hydrocarbon-bearing fluids were derived from different sources but may have been driven by the same thermal event and shared the same structures during their transportation and deposition. C1 [Jin XiaoYe; Li JianWei] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Jin XiaoYe; Li JianWei] China Univ Geosci, Fac Earth Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Hofstra, Albert; Marsh, Erin] US Geol Survey, Denver Inclus Anal Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Liu JianZhong] Guizhou Bur Geol & Mineral Explorat & Dev, 105 Geol Party, Guiyang 550018, Peoples R China. [Yang Wu] Guizhou Inst Technol, Sch Resources & Environm Engn, Guiyang 550003, Peoples R China. RP Li, JW (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.; Li, JW (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, Fac Earth Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. EM jxycug@gmail.com; jwli@cug.edu.cn NR 95 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1000-0569 EI 2095-8927 J9 ACTA PETROL SIN JI Acta Petrol. Sin. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 32 IS 11 BP 3295 EP 3311 PG 17 WC Geology SC Geology GA EC6WX UT WOS:000388278500005 ER PT J AU Ikezaki, Y Suyama, Y Middleton, BA Tsumura, Y Teshima, K Tachida, H Kusumi, J AF Ikezaki, Yuka Suyama, Yoshihisa Middleton, Beth A. Tsumura, Yoshihiko Teshima, Kousuke Tachida, Hidenori Kusumi, Junko TI Inferences of population structure and demographic history for Taxodium distichum, a coniferous tree in North America, based on amplicon sequencing analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE amplicon sequencing; Cupressaceae; genetic differentiation; Taxodium distichum ID PINE PINUS-TAEDA; RIVER ALLUVIAL VALLEY; GENOME-WIDE DEPARTURE; RICH. VAR. DISTICHUM; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; NEUTRAL MODEL; NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; CRYPTOMERIA-JAPONICA; CONTRASTING PATTERNS; SELECTIVE NEUTRALITY AB PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Studies of natural genetic variation can elucidate the genetic basis of phenotypic variation and the past population structure of species. Our study species, Taxodium distichum, is a unique conifer that inhabits the flood plains and swamps of North America. Morphological and ecological differences in two varieties, T. distichum var. distichum (bald cypress) and T. distichum var. imbricarium (pond cypress), are well known, but little is known about the level of genetic differentiation between the varieties and the demographic history of local populations. METHODS: We analyzed nucleotide polymorphisms at 47 nuclear loci from 96 individuals collected from the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley (MRAV), and Gulf Coastal populations in Texas, Louisiana, and Florida using high-throughput DNA sequencing. Standard population genetic statistics were calculated, and demographic parameters were estimated using a composite-likelihood approach. KEY RESULTS: T axodium distichum in North America can be divided into at least three genetic groups, bald cypress in the MRAV and Texas, bald cypress in Florida, and pond cypress in Florida. The levels of genetic differentiation among the groups were low but significant. Several loci showed the signatures of positive selection, which might be responsible for local adaptation or varietal differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Bald cypress was genetically differentiated into two geographical groups, and the boundary was located between the MRAV and Florida. This differentiation could be explained by population expansion from east to west. Despite the overlap of the two varieties' ranges, they were genetically differentiated in Florida. The estimated demographic parameters suggested that pond cypress split from bald cypress during the late Miocene. C1 [Ikezaki, Yuka] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Syst Life Sci, Nishi Ku, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan. [Suyama, Yoshihisa] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Agr Sci, 232-3 Yomogida, Osaki, Miyagi 9896711, Japan. [Middleton, Beth A.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Tsumura, Yoshihiko] Univ Tsukuba, Fac Life & Environm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058572, Japan. [Teshima, Kousuke; Tachida, Hidenori] Kyushu Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, Nishi Ku, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan. [Kusumi, Junko] Kyushu Univ, Fac Social & Cultural Studies, Dept Environm Changes, Nishi Ku, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan. RP Kusumi, J (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Fac Social & Cultural Studies, Dept Environm Changes, Nishi Ku, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan. EM jkusumi@scs.kyushu-u.ac.jp FU U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [22370083, 26291082] FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for their thoughtful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This study was partially funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area (B.M.), Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22370083, 26291082) (J.K., H.T.). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 103 IS 11 BP 1937 EP 1949 DI 10.3732/ajb.1600046 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ED7IR UT WOS:000389037800010 PM 27849160 ER PT J AU Polat, A Kokfelt, T Burke, KC Kusky, TM Bradley, DC Dziggel, A Kolb, J AF Polat, Ali Kokfelt, Thomas Burke, Kevin C. Kusky, Timothy M. Bradley, Dwight C. Dziggel, Annika Kolb, Jochen TI Lithological, structural, and geochemical characteristics of the Mesoarchean Tartoq greenstone belt, southern West Greenland, and the Chugach - Prince William accretionary complex, southern Alaska: evidence for uniformitarian plate-tectonic processes SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTH CHINA CRATON; EARLY CONTINENTAL-CRUST; U-PB ZIRCON; TRONDHJEMITE-GRANODIORITE TTG; SUBDUCTION ZONE PROCESSES; EARLY ARCHEAN KOMATIITES; EAST SULAWESI OPHIOLITE; ISUA SUPRACRUSTAL BELT; ITSAQ GNEISS COMPLEX; COPPER RIVER-BASIN AB The Mesoarchean Tartoq greenstone belt, southern West Greenland, consists of tectonically imbricated slices of metamorphosed basalt, gabbro, peridotite, and sedimentary rocks and is intruded by felsic rocks (now mylonites) with wellpreserved duplex structures, representing a relict accretionary prism. The Tartoq greenstone belt is a remnant of a suprasubduction zone ophiolite that originated as back-arc basin oceanic crust. Following the initiation of intra-oceanic subduction, the back-arc oceanic crust accreted to the overriding plate, forming an accretionary prism. The felsic mylonites are compositionally akin to Archean tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite suites. Field observations, along with geochemical and zircon U-Pb age data, indicate that the protoliths of the felsic mylonites were derived from partial melting of back-arc basalts in the accretionary prism and emplaced along thrust faults between 3012 +/- 4 and 2993 +/- 6 Ma. It is proposed that the partial melting of the basalts likely occurred in response to ridge subduction. The Upper Cretaceous turbiditic greywackes of the Chugach Prince William accretionary complex in southern Alaska are intruded by Paleogene felsic dykes. These felsic dykes appear to have been derived from partial melting of subducted and (or) accreted oceanic crust during slab window magmatism. Archean granitoid-greenstone terrains share many geological characteristics of Phanerozoic subduction-accretion complexes such as the Alaskan and Altaid subduction-accretion complexes, consistent with the operation of uniformitarian geological processes in the Archean. The Archean Earth might have been dominated by numerous smaller plates and greater ridge length than today that would have resulted in more frequent ridge-accretionary prism interactions and larger volumes of tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite generation in subduction-accretion complexes. C1 [Polat, Ali] Univ Windsor, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Kokfelt, Thomas; Kolb, Jochen] Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland, Dept Petrol & Econ Geol, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Burke, Kevin C.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Burke, Kevin C.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kusky, Timothy M.] China Univ Geosci, Sch Earth Sci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Kusky, Timothy M.] China Univ Geosci, Ctr Global Tecton, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Bradley, Dwight C.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Dziggel, Annika] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Mineral & Econ Geol, Wullnerstr 2, D-52062 Aachen, Germany. [Bradley, Dwight C.] 11 Cold Brook Rd, Randolph, NH 03593 USA. RP Polat, A (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. EM polat@uwindsor.ca OI Kolb, Jochen/0000-0002-5633-1744 FU NSERC [250926]; Ministry of Mineral Resources (MMR) in Nuuk; Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) FX This is a contribution of NSERC grant 250926 to A.P. Field work was supported by the Ministry of Mineral Resources (MMR) in Nuuk and the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS). An anonymous reviewer and Adam Garde are acknowledged for their insightful, helpful, and constructive comments that have resulted in significant improvements to the paper. We thank the Bradley family for accommodation during field work in Alaska. A.P. thanks Mr. Mehmet Akalin for solving his computer problems. NR 253 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 53 IS 11 BP 1336 EP 1371 DI 10.1139/cjes-2016-0023 PG 36 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EC0IB UT WOS:000387782100017 ER PT J AU Bindeman, IN Lowenstern, JB AF Bindeman, Ilya N. Lowenstern, Jacob B. TI Low-delta D hydration rinds in Yellowstone perlites record rapid syneruptive hydration during glacial and interglacial conditions SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Secondary glass hydration; Yellowstone; Perlite; Rhyolite; Paleoclimate; Hydrogen; Isotopes ID TEMPERATURE CONVERSION SYSTEMS; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; BASIN MEMBER RHYOLITES; HOSTED MELT INCLUSIONS; CLAY-MINERALS; NATIONAL-PARK; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; GLASS-TRANSITION; VOLCANIC GLASS; SILICA GLASS AB Hydration of silicic volcanic glass forms perlite, a dusky, porous form of altered glass characterized by abundant "onion-skin" fractures. The timing and temperature of perlite formation are enigmatic and could plausibly occur during eruption, during post-eruptive cooling, or much later at ambient temperatures. To learn more about the origin of natural perlite, and to fingerprint the hydration waters, we investigated perlitic glass from several synglacial and interglacial rhyolitic lavas and tuffs from the Yellowstone volcanic system. Perlitic cores are surrounded by a series of conchoidal cracks that separate 30- to 100-mu m-thick slivers, likely formed in response to hydration-induced stress. H2O and D/H profiles confirm that most D/H exchange happens together with rapid H2O addition but some smoother D/H variations may suggest separate minor exchange by deuterium atom interdiffusion following hydration. The hydrated rinds (2-3 wt% H2O) transition rapidly (within 30 mu m, or by 1 wt% H2O per 10 mu m) to unhydrated glass cores. This is consistent with quenched "hydration fronts" where H2O diffusion coefficients are strongly dependent on H2O concentrations. The chemical, delta O-18, and delta D systematics of bulk glass records last equilibrium between similar to 110 and 60 degrees C without chemical exchange but with some delta O-18 exchange. Similarly, the delta O-18 of water extracted from glass by rapid heating suggests that water was added to the glass during cooling at <200 degrees C. Our observations support fast hydration at temperatures as low as 60 degrees C; prolonged exposure to high temperature of 175 degrees-225 degrees during water addition is less likely as the glass would lose alkalies and should alter to clays within days. A compilation of low-temperature hydration diffusion coefficients suggests similar to 2 orders of magnitude higher rates of diffusion at 60-110 degrees C temperatures, compared with values expected from extrapolation of high-temperature (>400 degrees C) experimental data. The thick hydration rinds in perlites, measuring hundreds of microns, preserve the original D/H values of hydrating water as a recorder of paleoclimate conditions. Measured delta D values in perlitic lavas are -150 to -191 or 20-40 % lower than glass hydrated by modern Yellowstone waters. This suggests that Yellowstone perlites record the low-delta D signature of glacial ice. Cooling calculations, combined with the observed high water diffusion coefficients noted for 60-150 degrees C, suggest that if sufficient hot water or steam is available, any rhyolite flow greater than similar to 5 m thick can develop the observed similar to 250 mu m hydration rinds within the expected timescale of cooling (weeks-years). As the process of hydration involves shattering of 30- to 100-mu m-thick slivers to expose unhydrated rhyolite glass, the time required for hydration may be even shorter. Rapid hydration and formation of relatively thick-walled glass shards allow perlites to provide a snapshot view of the meteoric water (and thus climate) at the time of initial alteration. Perlites retain their initial hydration D/H signal better than thin-walled ash, which in contrast hydrates over many thousands of years with time-averaged precipitation. C1 [Bindeman, Ilya N.] 1272 Univ Oregon, Dept Earth Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Lowenstern, Jacob B.] USGS, Volcano Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 910, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Bindeman, IN (reprint author), 1272 Univ Oregon, Dept Earth Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM bindeman@uoregon.edu FU NSF [EAR1447337, EAR 1352996] FX We thank Rick Hervig (ASU), and Brian Monteleone (Woods Hole) for help with SIMS analytical work, NSF Grant EAR1447337 for funding, and Leslie Hayden for SEM and microprobe assistance. The ASU SIMS facility is supported by NSF EAR 1352996. Woods Hole Northeast National Ion Microprobe Facility was partially subsidized by the IF-EAR Program, National Science Foundation. Alan Rempel helped with the discussion on tephra and lava/ice interactions, Jim Palandri assisted with TCEA analyses. Ben Hankins assisted with sample preparation and Marsha Lidzbarski made a spectacular mount of perlite embedded in Indium. We thank J.K. Russell, Celeste Mercer, Matt Loewen, Mike Clynne, Angie Seligman and two anonymous reviewers for their edits and comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 EI 1432-0967 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 171 IS 11 AR 89 DI 10.1007/s00410-016-1293-1 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA ED1FS UT WOS:000388590800002 ER PT J AU Taciroglu, E Celebi, M Ghahari, SF Abazarsa, F AF Taciroglu, Ertugrul Celebi, Mehmet Ghahari, S. Farid Abazarsa, Fariba TI An Investigation of Soil-Structure Interaction Effects Observed at the MIT Green Building SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID BLIND MODAL IDENTIFICATION; FLOOR ACCELERATION DEMANDS; SYSTEM-IDENTIFICATION; MULTISTORY BUILDINGS; EARTHQUAKE; VIBRATION; SHEAR; RECORDINGS; MODELS AB The soil-foundation impedance function of the MIT Green Building is identified from its response signals recorded during an earthquake. Estimation of foundation impedance functions from seismic response signals is a challenging task, because: (1) the foundation input motions (FIMs) are not directly measurable, (2) the as-built properties of the super-structure are only approximately known, and (3) the soil-foundation impedance functions are inherently frequency-dependent. In the present study, aforementioned difficulties are circumvented by using, in succession, a blind modal identification (BMID) method, a simplified Timoshenko beam model (TBM), and a parametric updating of transfer functions (TFs). First, the flexible-base modal properties of the building are identified from response signals using the BMID method. Then, a flexible-base TBM is updated using the identified modal data. Finally, the frequency-dependent soil-foundation impedance function is estimated by minimizing the discrepancy between TFs (of pairs instrumented floors) that are (1) obtained experimentally from earthquake data and (2) analytically from the updated TBM. Using the fully identified flexible-base TBM, the FIMs as well as building responses at locations without instruments can be predicted, as demonstrated in the present study. C1 [Taciroglu, Ertugrul; Ghahari, S. Farid] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Celebi, Mehmet] USGS, MS977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Abazarsa, Fariba] Los Angeles Cty Museum Art, Conservat Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90036 USA. RP Taciroglu, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU California Department of Conservation/California Geological Survey (CGS) [1014-963] FX Major support for this research was provided by the California Department of Conservation/California Geological Survey (CGS) under Research Contract No. 1014-963, which is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support and valuable assistance of the CGS staff, in particular those of Drs. Mo Huang and Tony Shakal. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD NOV PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 2425 EP 2448 DI 10.1193/072215EQS118M PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA ED1SY UT WOS:000388626400023 ER PT J AU Celebi, M AF Celebi, Mehmet TI Responses of a 58-Story RC Dual Core Shear Wall and Outrigger Frame Building Inferred from Two Earthquakes SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID ANCHORAGE; ALASKA AB Responses of a dual core shear-wall and outrigger-framed 58-story building recorded during the M(w)6.0 Napa earthquake of 24 August 2014 and the M(w)3.8 Berkeley earthquake of 20 October 2011 are used to identify its dynamic characteristics and behavior. Fundamental frequencies are 0.28 Hz (NS), 0.25 Hz (EW), and 0.43 Hz (torsional). Rigid body motions due to rocking are not significant. Average drift ratios are small. Outrigger frames do not affect average drift ratios or mode shapes. Local site effects do not affect the response; however, response associated with deeper structure may be substantial. A beating effect is observed from data of both earthquakes but beating periods are not consistent. Low critical damping ratios may have contributed to the beating effect. Torsion is relatively larger above outriggers as indicated by the time-histories of motions at the roof, possibly due to the discontinuity of the stiffer shear walls above level 47. C1 [Celebi, Mehmet] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Celebi, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM celebi@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD NOV PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 2449 EP 2471 DI 10.1193/011916EQS018M PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA ED1SY UT WOS:000388626400024 ER PT J AU Li, ML Schartup, AT Valberg, AP Ewald, JD Krabbenhoft, DP Yin, RS Bolcom, PH Sunderland, EM AF Li, Miling Schartup, Amina T. Valberg, Amelia P. Ewald, Jessica D. Krabbenhoft, David P. Yin, Runsheng Bolcom, Prentiss H. Sunderland, Elsie M. TI Environmental Origins of Methylmercury Accumulated in Subarctic Estuarine Fish Indicated by Mercury Stable Isotopes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS-INDEPENDENT FRACTIONATION; GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; FOOD WEBS; ATLANTIC SALMON; DEPENDENT FRACTIONATION; INORGANIC MERCURY; TROPHIC TRANSFER; GREAT-LAKES; ESOX-LUCIUS AB Methylmercury (MeHg) exposure can cause adverse reproductive and neurodevelopmental health effects. Estuarine fish may be exposed to MeHg produced in rivers and their watersheds, benthic sediment, and the marine water column, but the relative importance of each source is poorly understood. We measured stable isotopes of mercury (delta Hg-202, delta Hg-199, and delta Hg-201), carbon (delta C-13), and nitrogen (delta N-15) in fish with contrasting habitats from a large subarctic coastal ecosystem to better understand MeHg exposure sources. We identify two distinct food chains exposed to predominantly freshwater and marine MeHg sources but do not find evidence for a benthic marine MeHg signature. This is consistent with our previous research showing benthic sediment is a net sink for MeHg in the estuary. Marine fish display lower and less variable delta Hg-199 values (0.78 parts per thousand to 1.77 parts per thousand) than freshwater fish (0.72 parts per thousand to 3.14 parts per thousand) and higher delta Hg-202 values (marine: 0.1 parts per thousand to 0.57 parts per thousand; freshwater: -0.76 parts per thousand to 0.15 parts per thousand). We observe a shift in the Hg isotopic composition of juvenile and adult rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) when they transition between the freshwater and marine environment as their dominant foraging territory. The Hg isotopic composition of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) indicates they receive most of their MeHg from the marine environment despite a similar or longer duration spent in freshwater regions. We conclude that stable Hg isotopes effectively track fish MeHg exposure sources across different ontogenic stages. C1 [Li, Miling; Schartup, Amina T.; Valberg, Amelia P.; Sunderland, Elsie M.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Li, Miling; Schartup, Amina T.; Valberg, Amelia P.; Ewald, Jessica D.; Bolcom, Prentiss H.; Sunderland, Elsie M.] Harvard Univ, Harvard John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Yin, Runsheng] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Yin, Runsheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Ore Deposit Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. RP Li, ML (reprint author), Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.; Li, ML (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM milingli@mail.harvard.edu RI Yin, Runsheng/C-5972-2014; Sunderland, Elsie/D-5511-2014 OI Sunderland, Elsie/0000-0003-0386-9548 FU USGS Toxics Hydrology Program; Nunatsiavut Government; Harvard NIEHS Center Grant [P30ES000002] FX We acknowledge financial support for this work from the USGS Toxics Hydrology Program, the Nunatsiavut Government, and the Harvard NIEHS Center Grant (P30ES000002). We thank Tom Sheldon, Marina Biasutti-Brown, Rodd Laing, and Jane Kirk for assistance with collecting and shipping fish samples. We acknowledge assistance from Kara Feilich with fish dissection at Harvard University and Eric Robillard, Sarah Emery, Joshua Dayton, and Ruth Haas-Castro with ageing fish at NOAA's Northeast Fisheries Science Center in Woods Hole, MA. We thank three anonymous reviewers whose critical and constructive comments helped to improve this paper. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and the content of the paper does not represent the views or position of the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 91 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 29 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 21 BP 11559 EP 11568 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b03206 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EA9UV UT WOS:000386991100015 PM 27690400 ER PT J AU Rogers, HA Schmidt, TS Dabney, BL Hladik, ML Mahler, BJ Van Metres, PC AF Rogers, Holly A. Schmidt, Travis S. Dabney, Brittanie L. Hladik, Michelle L. Mahler, Barbara J. Van Metres, Peter C. TI Bifenthrin Causes Trophic Cascade and Altered Insect Emergence in Mesocosms: Implications for Small Streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; SEDIMENT TOXICITY; FOOD WEBS; AGRICULTURAL STREAMS; COMMUNITY RESPONSES; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; INVERTEBRATE PREY; TERRESTRIAL PREY; HYALELLA-AZTECA; UNITED-STATES AB Direct and indirect ecological effects of the widely used insecticide bifenthrin on stream ecosystems are largely unknown. To investigate such effects, a manipulative experiment was conducted in stream mesocosms that were colonized by aquatic insect communities and exposed to bifenthrin-contaminated sediment; implications for natural streams were interpreted through comparison of mesocosm results to a survey of 100 Midwestern streams, USA. In the mesocosm experiment, direct effects of bifenthrin exposure included reduced larval macroinvertebrate abundance, richness, and biomass at concentrations (EC50s ranged from 197.6 to 233.5 ng bifenthrin/g organic carbon) previously thought safe for aquatic life. Indirect effects included a trophic cascade in which periphyton abundance increased after macroinvertebrate scrapers decreased. Adult emergence dynamics and corresponding terrestrial subsidies were altered at all bifenthrin concentrations tested. Extrapolating these results to the Midwestern stream assessment suggests pervasive ecological effects, with altered emergence dynamics likely in 40% of streams and a trophic cascade in 7% of streams. This study provides new evidence that a common pyrethroid might alter aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem function at the regional scale. C1 [Rogers, Holly A.; Schmidt, Travis S.; Dabney, Brittanie L.] US Forest Serv, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Schmidt, Travis S.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Dabney, Brittanie L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hladik, Michelle L.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Mahler, Barbara J.; Van Metres, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Schmidt, TS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.; Schmidt, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM tschmidt@usgs.gov OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552 FU USGS National Water Quality Assessment Project Regional Stream Quality Assessments study and Contaminant Biology Program FX This research was funded by the USGS National Water Quality Assessment Project Regional Stream Quality Assessments study and Contaminant Biology Program. We thank Janet Miller and Patricia Nease for laboratory assistance; Monique Adams, Ruth Wolf, Megan McWayne, Corey Sanders, and Matthew De Parsia for analytical assistance; Timberline Aquatics for the invertebrate identifications. Amy McMahon (USGS) assisted in the organization of the TOC/abstract art work. We thank Daren Carlisle, Brian Caruso, and three anonymous reviewers for their insightful and helpful reviews of this work. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 21 BP 11974 EP 11983 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6602761 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EA9UV UT WOS:000386991100062 PM 27731978 ER PT J AU Vogler, AJ Nottingham, R Busch, JD Sahl, JW Shuey, MM Foster, JT Schupp, JM Smith, SR Rocke, TE Keima, P Wagner, DM AF Vogler, Amy J. Nottingham, Roxanne Busch, Joseph D. Sahl, Jason W. Shuey, Megan M. Foster, Jeffrey T. Schupp, James M. Smith, Susan R. Rocke, Tonie E. Keima, Paul Wagner, David M. TI VNTR diversity in Yersinia pestis isolates from an animal challenge study reveals the potential for in vitro mutations during laboratory cultivation SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Yersinia pestis; VNTR; MLVA; SNP; Mutation; Prairie dog ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DNA-SEQUENCING DATA; PRAIRIE DOGS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENOME ANALYSIS; PLAGUE; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTIONARY; FRAMEWORK AB Underlying mutation rates and other evolutionary forces shape the population structure of bacteria in nature. Although easily overlooked, similar forces are at work in the laboratory and may influence observed mutations. Here, we investigated tissue samples and Yersinia pestis isolates from a rodent laboratory challenge with strain CO92 using whole genome sequencing and multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat ( VNTR) analysis (MLVA). We identified six VNTR mutations that were found to have occurred in vitro during laboratory cultivation rather than in vivo during the rodent challenge. In contrast, no single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP) mutations were observed, either in vivo or in vitro. These results were consistent with previously published mutation rates and the calculated number of Y. pestis generations that occurred during the in vitro versus the in vivo portions of the experiment. When genotyping disease outbreaks, the potential for in vitro mutations should be considered, particularly when highly variable genetic markers such as VNTRs are used. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vogler, Amy J.; Nottingham, Roxanne; Busch, Joseph D.; Sahl, Jason W.; Shuey, Megan M.; Foster, Jeffrey T.; Keima, Paul; Wagner, David M.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Shuey, Megan M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Foster, Jeffrey T.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mol Cellular & Biomed Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Schupp, James M.; Keima, Paul] Translat Genom Res Inst North, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Smith, Susan R.; Rocke, Tonie E.] Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI USA. RP Wagner, DM (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Dave.Wagner@nau.edu OI Foster, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8235-8564; Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 FU US Department of Homeland Security [HSHQDC-10-C-00139]; AZGFD; NIH-Pacific Southwest Regional Center of Excellence [AI065359] FX This work was funded by the US Department of Homeland Security (award HSHQDC-10-C-00139), the AZGFD, and the NIH-Pacific Southwest Regional Center of Excellence (award AI065359). NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 45 BP 297 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.09.019 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA ED0ZY UT WOS:000388574400040 PM 27664903 ER PT J AU Breyta, R Black, A Kaufman, J Kurath, G AF Breyta, Rachel Black, Allison Kaufman, John Kurath, Gael TI Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in Pacific Northwest salmonids SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Aquatic; Virus; Salmonid; IHNV; Epidemiology ID STEELHEAD TROUT; DNA VACCINE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AQUACULTURE; DIVERSITY; VIRULENCE; HATCHERY; HISTORY; IHNV AB The aquatic rhaboviral pathogen infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) causes acute disease in juvenile fish of a number of populations of Pacific salmonid species. Heavily managed in both marine and freshwater environments, these fish species are cultured during the juvenile stage in freshwater conservation hatcheries, where IHNV is one of the top three infectious diseases that cause serious morbidity and mortality. Therefore, a comprehensive study of viral genetic surveillance data representing 2590 field isolates collected between 1958 and 2014 was conducted to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of IHNV in the Pacific Northwest of the contiguous United States. Prevalence of infection varied over time, fluctuating over a rough 5-7 year cycle. The genetic analysis revealed numerous subgroups of IHNV, each of which exhibited spatial heterogeneity. Within all subgroups, dominant genetic types were apparent, though the temporal patterns of emergence of these types varied among subgroups. Finally, the affinity or fidelity of subgroups to specific host species also varied, where UC subgroup viruses exhibited a more generalist profile and all other subgroups exhibited a specialist profile. These complex patterns are likely synergistically driven by numerous ecological, pathobiological, and anthropogenic factors. Since only a few anthropogenic factors are candidates for managed intervention aimed at improving the health of threatened or endangered salmonid fish populations, determining the relative impact of these factors is a high priority for future studies. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Breyta, Rachel; Black, Allison; Kaufman, John; Kurath, Gael] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike,Route 44, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Breyta, Rachel; Black, Allison; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kaufman, John] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Breyta, R (reprint author), Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike,Route 44, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA.; Breyta, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM rbjmax@uw.edu OI Black, Allison/0000-0002-6618-4127 FU US Geological Survey (USGS); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) FONS program [2012-010]; USDA grant as part of the joint USDA-NSF-NIH Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease program [2012-67015-19960] FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS) (in kind), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) FONS program (2012-010), and USDA grant 2012-67015-19960 as part of the joint USDA-NSF-NIH Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 45 BP 347 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.09.022 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA ED0ZY UT WOS:000388574400046 PM 27693400 ER PT J AU Shoda, ME Stone, WW Nowell, LH AF Shoda, Megan E. Stone, Wesley W. Nowell, Lisa H. TI Prediction of Pesticide Toxicity in Midwest Streams SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATERSHED REGRESSIONS; WARP MODELS; MIXTURES AB The occurrence of pesticide mixtures is common in stream waters of the United States, and the impact of multiple compounds on aquatic organisms is not well understood. Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) models were developed to predict Pesticide Toxicity Index (PTI) values in unmonitored streams in the Midwest and are referred to as WARP-PTI models. The PTI is a tool for assessing the relative toxicity of pesticide mixtures to fish, benthic invertebrates, and cladocera in stream water. One hundred stream sites in the Midwest were sampled weekly in May through August 2013, and the highest calculated PTI for each site was used as the WARP-PTI model response variable. Watershed characteristics that represent pesticide sources and transport were used as the WARP-PTI model explanatory variables. Three WARP-PTI models-fish, benthic invertebrates, and cladocera-were developed that include watershed characteristics describing toxicity-weighted agricultural use intensity, land use, agricultural management practices, soil properties, precipitation, and hydrologic properties. The models explained between 41 and 48% of the variability in the measured PTI values. WARP-PTI model evaluation with independent data showed reasonable performance with no clear bias. The models were applied to streams in the Midwest to demonstrate extrapolation for a regional assessment to indicate vulnerable streams and to guide more intensive monitoring. C1 [Shoda, Megan E.; Stone, Wesley W.] USGS, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Nowell, Lisa H.] USGS, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Shoda, ME (reprint author), USGS, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. EM meshoda@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1856 EP 1864 DI 10.2134/jeq2015.12.0624 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ED6DF UT WOS:000388944600007 PM 27898782 ER PT J AU Hamdan, LJ Wickland, KP AF Hamdan, Leila J. Wickland, Kimberly P. TI Methane emissions from oceans, coasts, and freshwater habitats: New perspectives and feedbacks on climate SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID NORTH-SEA; MARINE; CARBON; LAKES; OXIDATION; RESERVOIR; HYDRATE; REDUCTION; RELEASE; CONTEXT AB Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, and atmospheric concentrations have risen 2.5 times since the beginning of the Industrial age. While much of this increase is attributed to anthropogenic sources, natural sources, which contribute between 35% and 50% of global methane emissions, are thought to have a role in the atmospheric methane increase, in part due to human influences. Methane emissions from many natural sources are sensitive to climate, and positive feedbacks from climate change and cultural eutrophication may promote increased emissions to the atmosphere. These natural sources include aquatic environments such as wetlands, freshwater lakes, streams and rivers, and estuarine, coastal, and marine systems. Furthermore, there are significant marine sediment stores of methane in the form of clathrates that are vulnerable to mobilization and release to the atmosphere from climate feedbacks, and subsurface thermogenic gas which in exceptional cases may be released following accidents and disasters (North Sea blowout and Deepwater Horizon Spill respectively). Understanding of natural sources, key processes, and controls on emission is continually evolving as new measurement and modeling capabilities develop, and different sources and processes are revealed. This special issue of Limnology and Oceanography gathers together diverse studies on methane production, consumption, and emissions from freshwater, estuarine, and marine systems, and provides a broad view of the current science on methane dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. Here, we provide a general overview of aquatic methane sources, their contribution to the global methane budget, and key uncertainties. We then briefly summarize the contributions to and highlights of this special issue. C1 [Hamdan, Leila J.] Univ Southern Mississippi, Div Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Wickland, Kimberly P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hamdan, LJ (reprint author), Univ Southern Mississippi, Div Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM leila.hamdan@usm.edu OI Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590 NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 33 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 61 SU 1 SI SI BP S3 EP S12 DI 10.1002/lno.10449 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA ED0VP UT WOS:000388560900001 ER PT J AU Lorenson, TD Grienert, J Coffin, RB AF Lorenson, Thomas D. Grienert, Jens Coffin, Richard B. TI Dissolved methane in the Beaufort Sea and the Arctic Ocean, 1992-2009; sources and atmospheric flux SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GAS-EXCHANGE; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; SURFACE-WATER; NORTH SLOPE; GROWTH-RATE; CARBON; SHELF; HYDRATE; SEDIMENTS; CLIMATE AB Methane concentration and isotopic composition was measured in ice-covered and ice-free waters of the Arctic Ocean during 11 surveys spanning the years of 1992-1995 and 2009. During ice-free periods, methane flux from the Beaufort shelf varies from 0.14 mg CH4 m(-2) d(-1) to 0.43 mg CH4 m(-2) d(-1). Maximum fluxes from localized areas of high methane concentration are up to 1.52 mg CH4 m(-2) d(-1). Seasonal buildup of methane under ice can produce short-term fluxes of methane from the Beaufort shelf that varies from 0.28 mg CH4 m(-2) d(-1) to 1.01 mg CH4 m(-2) d(-1). Scaled-up estimates of minimum methane flux from the Beaufort Sea and pan-Arctic shelf for both ice-free and ice-covered periods range from 0.02 Tg CH4 yr(-1) and 0.30 Tg CH4 yr(-1), respectively to maximum fluxes of 0.18 Tg CH4 yr(-1) and 2.2 Tg CH4 yr(-1), respectively. A methane flux of 0.36 Tg CH4 yr(-1) from the deep Arctic Ocean was estimated using data from 1993 to 1994. The flux can be as much as 2.35 Tg CH4 yr(-1) estimated from maximum methane concentrations and wind speeds of 12 m/s, representing only 0.42% of the annual atmospheric methane budget of similar to 560 Tg CH4 yr(-1). There were no significant changes in methane fluxes during the time period of this study. Microbial methane sources predominate with minor influxes from thermogenic methane offshore Prudhoe Bay and the Mackenzie River delta and may include methane from gas hydrate. Methane oxidation is locally important on the shelf and is a methane sink in the deep Arctic Ocean. C1 [Lorenson, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Grienert, Jens] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Kiel, Germany. [Grienert, Jens] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res NIOZ, Dept Marine Geol, Texel, Netherlands. [Coffin, Richard B.] Texas A&M Univ, Corpus Christi, TX USA. RP Lorenson, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM tlorenson@usgs.gov OI Greinert, Jens/0000-0001-6186-8573 FU U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Geological Survey Global Change and Climate History Program; Gas Hydrate Program; Office of Naval Research FX We are grateful to K. A. Kvenvolden, U.S. Geological Survey for leading this program in the 1990s and to P. W. Barnes and E. Reimnitz, U.S. Geological Survey, for guidance in Arctic operations. The project has been conducted in collaboration with the University of Washington and the University of Hawaii. We thank M. Lilley, E. J. Olson, E. McLaughlin, and K. A. Krogslund, School of Oceanography, University of Washington, for the information on methane concentrations, methane oxidation rates, and nutrient concentrations in seawater; B. N. Popp, and T. Rust, F. J. Sansone, SOEST, University of Hawaii, for the isotopic analyses of methane and field assistance; B. Koplin, captain of the Annika Marie, J. Borden, M. Dougherty, S. Doty, L. Hamdan, P. Hart, E. Hutten, A. Reed, K. Rose, T. Treude, W. Wood, and the crews of the USCGC Polar Sea, CCGS Louis S. St.-Laurent, and the USS Pargo for science and operational assistance at sea. Thanks to J. Pohlman, C. Ruppel, E. Hutten, and four anonymous reviewers for suggestions to this paper. Our research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, The U.S. Geological Survey Global Change and Climate History Program (1991-1995) and the Gas Hydrate Program (2009) and the Office of Naval Research, Code 33 for energy exploration. We received much assistance from the United States Coast Guard and Naval Research Laboratory. NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 61 SU 1 SI SI BP S300 EP S323 DI 10.1002/lno.10457 PG 24 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA ED0VP UT WOS:000388560900022 ER PT J AU Muller, T Osenbruck, K Strauch, G Pavetich, S Al-Mashaikhi, KS Herb, C Merchel, S Rugel, G Aeschbach, W Sanford, W AF Mueller, Th. Osenbrueck, K. Strauch, G. Pavetich, S. Al-Mashaikhi, K. -S. Herb, C. Merchel, S. Rugel, G. Aeschbach, W. Sanford, W. TI Use of multiple age tracers to estimate groundwater residence times and long-term recharge rates in arid southern Oman SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Stable isotopes; Groundwater residence time; C-14; He-4; Cl-36; Arid region; Groundwater flow; Groundwater recharge ID GREAT ARTESIAN BASIN; AMS-FACILITY DREAMS; SULTANATE-OF-OMAN; OLD GROUNDWATER; NOBLE-GASES; FLOW DYNAMICS; NORTHERN OMAN; CL-36; AQUIFER; AUSTRALIA AB Multiple age tracers were measured to estimate groundwater residence times in the regional aquifer system underlying southwestern Oman. This area, known as the Najd, is one of the most arid areas in the world and is planned to be the main agricultural center of the Sultanate of Oman in the near future. The three isotopic age tracers He-4, C-14 and Cl-36 were measured in waters collected from wells along a line that extended roughly from the Dhofar Mountains near the Arabian Sea northward 400 km into the Empty Quarter of the Arabian Peninsula. The wells sampled were mostly open to the Umm Er Radhuma confined aquifer, although, some were completed in the mostly unconfined Rus aquifer. The combined results from the three tracers indicate the age of the confined groundwater is <40 ka in the recharge area in the Dhofar Mountains, >100 ka in the central section north of the mountains, and up to and >one Ma in the Empty Quarter. The C-14 data were used to help calibrate the 4He and Cl-36 data. Mixing models suggest that long open boreholes north of the mountains compromise C-14-only interpretations there, in contrast to He-4 and Cl-36 calculations that are less sensitive to borehole mixing. Thus, only the latter two tracers from these more distant wells were considered reliable. In addition to the age tracers, delta H-2 and delta O-18 data suggest that seasonal monsoon and infrequent tropical cyclones are both substantial contributors to the recharge. The study highlights the advantages of using multiple chemical and isotopic data when estimating groundwater travel times and recharge rates, and differentiating recharge mechanisms. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mueller, Th.; Strauch, G.] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Hydrogeol, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Osenbrueck, K.] Univ Tubingen, Dept Geosci, Hoelderlinstr 12, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. [Pavetich, S.; Merchel, S.; Rugel, G.] Helmholtz Inst Freiberg Resource Technol, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany. [Al-Mashaikhi, K. -S.] Minist Reg Municipal & Water Resources, Salalah, Oman. [Herb, C.; Aeschbach, W.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys IUP, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Sanford, W.] US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Pavetich, S.] Australian Natl Univ, RSPE, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Muller, T (reprint author), UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Hydrogeol, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. OI Pavetich, Stefan/0000-0001-8014-0545 FU Ministry of Water Resources FX The authors would like to thank the laboratory team from the UFZ department Catchment Hydrology for the hydrochemical and stable isotope analyses. We are grateful for valuable discussions concerning the interpretation with N. Plummer and P. Fritz. We thank the DREAMS operator team and S. Akhmadaliev for help with AMS measurements at the HZDR Ion Beam Centre (IBC). We also wish to thank the Ministry of Water Resources for their steady support. Many thanks to the IPSWat Programm and the Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Graduate School for Environmental Research (HIGRADE). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 74 BP 67 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.08.012 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EC9YE UT WOS:000388499400007 ER PT J AU Beatty, WS Jay, CV Fischbach, AS Grebmeier, JM Taylor, RL Blanchard, AL Jewett, SC AF Beatty, William S. Jay, Chadwick V. Fischbach, Anthony. S. Grebmeier, Jacqueline M. Taylor, Rebecca L. Blanchard, Arny L. Jewett, Stephen C. TI Space use of a dominant Arctic vertebrate: Effects of prey, sea ice, and land on Pacific walrus resource selection SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Benthic invertebrate biomass; Chukchi Sea; Climate change; Conditional logistic regression; Discrete choice; Habitat selection ID NORTHEASTERN CHUKCHI SEA; BERING-SEA; ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS; MARINE MAMMALS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SHELF; ECOSYSTEM; CLIMATE; BEHAVIOR AB Sea ice dominates marine ecosystems in the Arctic, and recent reductions in sea ice may alter food webs throughout the region. Sea ice loss may also stress Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens), which feed on benthic macroinvertebrates in the Bering and Chukchi seas. However, no studies have examined the effects of sea ice on foraging Pacific walrus space use patterns. We tested a series of hypotheses that examined walrus foraging resource selection as a function of proximity to resting substrates and prey biomass. We quantified walrus prey biomass with 17 benthic invertebrate families, which included bivalves, polychaetes, amphipods, tunicates, and sipunculids. We included covariates fordistance to sea ice and distance to land, and systematically developed a series of candidate models to examine interactions among benthic prey biomass and resting substrates. We ranked candidate models with Bayesian Information Criterion and made inferences on walrus resource selection based on the top-ranked model. Based on the top model, biomass of the bivalve family Tellinidae, distance to ice, distance to land, and the interaction of distances to ice and land all positively influenced walrus foraging resource selection. Standardized model coefficients indicated that distance to ice explained the most variation in walrus foraging resource selection followed by Tellinidae biomass. Distance to land and the interaction of distances to ice and land accounted for similar levels of variation. Tellinidae biomass likely represented an index of overall bivalve biomass, indicating walruses focused foraging in areas with elevated levels of bivalve and tellinid biomass. Our results also emphasize the importance of sea ice to walruses. Projected sea ice loss will increase the duration of the open water season in the Chukchi Sea, altering the spatial distribution of resting sites relative to current foraging areas and possibly affecting the spatial structure of benthic communities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Beatty, William S.; Jay, Chadwick V.; Fischbach, Anthony. S.; Taylor, Rebecca L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Blanchard, Arny L.; Jewett, Stephen C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Beatty, WS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM william_beatty@fws.gov OI Beatty, William/0000-0003-0013-3113 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Changing Arctic Ecosystems initiative; U.S. Geological Survey - Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Outer Continental Shelf Program; Shell Exploration and Production; ConocoPhillips; NSF Division of Polar Programs [ARC-1204082]; NOAA Arctic Research Program [CINAR A101053, NA09OAR4320129]; BOEM Chukchi Sea Offshore Monitoring in Drilling Area Chemical and Benthos, Hanna Shoal Ecosystem Study [UTA11-000872]; Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation; Alaska Monitoring and Assessment Program (AKMAP); US. Fish and Wildlife Service; Coastal Impact Assistance Program (CIAP); U.S. Geological Survey; Statoil USA Exploration and Production FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Changing Arctic Ecosystems initiative and the U.S. Geological Survey - Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Outer Continental Shelf Program. Support was provided to J. Grebmeier for benthic synthesis activities through Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS) funded by Shell Exploration and Production and ConocoPhillips, and administered by the North Pacific Marine Research Institute (NPMRI Arctic Project A01) through the North Pacific Research Board with oversight from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Polar Programs. Additional funding for this effort was provided to J. Grebmeier by the NSF Division of Polar Programs (Grant ARC-1204082), NOAA Arctic Research Program (CINAR A101053) (NA09OAR4320129), and BOEM Chukchi Sea Offshore Monitoring in Drilling Area Chemical and Benthos, Hanna Shoal Ecosystem Study (UTA11-000872). The Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, Alaska Monitoring and Assessment Program (AKMAP) and the US. Fish and Wildlife Service, Coastal Impact Assistance Program (CIAP) provided funding to the University of Alaska-Fairbanks (S. Jewett) for benthic field sampling and taxonomic analysis. Further support for analyzing AKMAP and CLAP samples was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and Shell Exploration and Production. ConocoPhillips, Shell Exploration and Production, and Statoil USA Exploration and Production provided funding to University of Alaska-Fairbanks (A. Blanchard) for benthic field sampling and taxonomic analysis as part of the Chukchi Sea Environmental Studies Program. Authors William S. Beatty, Chadwick V. Jay, Anthony S. Fischbach, and Rebecca L. Taylor were employees of the U.S. Geological Survey during this study and were involved in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, writing, and publication decisions. Aside from the listed authors, no other members of the U.S. Geological Survey influenced study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, writing, and publication decisions. None of the other funding agencies were involved in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, writing, and publication decisions. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 25 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 203 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.08.035 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EC5EO UT WOS:000388156100004 ER PT J AU Bohling, JH AF Bohling, Justin H. TI Strategies to address the conservation threats posed by hybridization and genetic introgression SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID WOLF CANIS-RUFUS; EASTERN NORTH-CAROLINA; RED WOLF; HYBRID ZONE; BISON POPULATIONS; SCALE ASSESSMENT; AMERICAN BISON; CANADA LYNX; WOLVES; WILD AB Hybridization poses a complex problem for biodiversity conservation but there has been little discussion of strategies and guidelines designed to address it from a management perspective. In this article I review management approaches aimed at addressing hybridization while highlighting outstanding needs. Despite real-world efforts to manage systems in which hybridization is a concern, there has been little effort to develop broadly applicable guidelines or best management practices. Management programs would be enhanced by the characterization of the patterns and processes of hybridization in nature and integrating those into planning and policy. Doing so facilitates the development of holistic strategies that balance the importance of hybridization in many biological systems while addressing situations in which human-facilitated gene flow causes concern. The shift from reactive management to emphasizing measures designed to prevent hybridization from becoming a threat has been a positive development Examples include assessing the genetic characteristics of populations used in translocation programs. Overlooked, however, has been the management of stable hybrid systems in which the goal is not necessarily preventing intermixing but protecting stabilizing mechanisms through policy and land use management. When hybridization emerges as a legitimate threat, activities such as culling, spatial isolation, targeted harvest, and de-introgression can protect threatened genomic units. Further experimentation of these techniques and collaboration among scientists and managers will provide lessons for establishing general guidelines for the conservation community. I hope this review stimulates discussion about approaches useful for addressing hybridization and promotes further development of new techniques and frameworks. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bohling, Justin H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA USA. RP Bohling, JH (reprint author), 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM Justin_bohling@fws.gov NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 21 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 203 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.10.011 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EC5EO UT WOS:000388156100039 ER PT J AU Kent, R Landon, MK AF Kent, Robert Landon, Matthew K. TI Triennial changes in groundwater quality in aquifers used for public supply in California: utility as indicators of temporal trends SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE California groundwater; Trend analysis; Water-quality monitoring; Public supply wells ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; WATER-QUALITY; MONITORING DATA; NITRATE; USA; TIME; AREA AB From 2004 to 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey collected samples from 1686 wells across the State of California as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board's Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Priority Basin Project (PBP). From 2007 to 2013, 224 of these wells were resampled to assess temporal trends in water quality. The samples were analyzed for 216 water-quality constituents, including inorganic and organic compounds as well as isotopic tracers. The resampled wells were grouped into five hydrogeologic zones. A non-parametric hypothesis test was used to test the differences between initial sampling and resampling results to evaluate possible step trends in water-quality, statewide, and within each hydrogeologic zone. The hypothesis tests were performed on the 79 constituents that were detected in more than 5 % of the samples collected during either sampling period in at least one hydrogeologic zone. Step trends were detected for 17 constituents. Increasing trends were detected for alkalinity, aluminum, beryllium, boron, lithium, orthophosphate, perchlorate, sodium, and specific conductance. Decreasing trends were detected for atrazine, cobalt, dissolved oxygen, lead, nickel, pH, simazine, and tritium. Tritium was expected to decrease due to decreasing values in precipitation, and the detection of decreases indicates that the method is capable of resolving temporal trends. C1 [Kent, Robert; Landon, Matthew K.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 95101 USA. RP Kent, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 95101 USA. EM rhkent@usgs.gov OI Kent, Robert/0000-0003-4174-9467 FU California State Water Resources Control Board; USGS; San Bernardino County Department of Public Health; EMAS FX The authors appreciate the financial support of the California State Water Resources Control Board, the cooperation of well owners in California, the efforts of USGS colleagues who participated in the sampling program, and the reviewers at the USGS, San Bernardino County Department of Public Health and EMAS who helped improve the paper. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 188 IS 11 AR 610 DI 10.1007/s10661-016-5618-3 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EC5UL UT WOS:000388202300011 PM 27722818 ER PT J AU Lee, CJ Hirsch, RM Schwarz, GE Holtschlag, DJ Preston, SD Crawford, CG Vecchia, AV AF Lee, Casey J. Hirsch, Robert M. Schwarz, Gregory E. Holtschlag, David J. Preston, Stephen D. Crawford, Charles G. Vecchia, Aldo V. TI An evaluation of methods for estimating decadal stream loads SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Water-quality; Load estimation; Nutrients; Sediment; SPARROW ID SEDIMENT RATING CURVES; SAMPLING STRATEGIES; STATISTICAL-MODEL; CONSTITUENT LOADS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NUTRIENT LOADS; RIVER LOADS AB Effective management of water resources requires accurate information on the mass, or load of water quality constituents transported from upstream watersheds to downstream receiving waters. Despite this need, no single method has been shown to consistently provide accurate load estimates among different water-quality constituents, sampling sites, and sampling regimes. We evaluate the accuracy of several load estimation methods across a broad range of sampling and environmental conditions. This analysis uses random sub-samples drawn from temporally-dense data sets of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate, and suspended-sediment concentration, and includes measurements of specific conductance which was used as a surrogate for dissolved solids concentration. Methods considered include linear interpolation and ratio estimators, regression-based methods historically employed by the U.S. Geological Survey, and newer flexible techniques including Weighted Regressions on Time, Season, and Discharge (WRTDS) and a generalized non-linear additive model. No single method is identified to have the greatest accuracy across all constituents, sites, and sampling scenarios. Most methods provide accurate estimates of specific conductance (used as a surrogate for total dissolved solids or specific major ions) and total nitrogen lower accuracy is observed for the estimation of nitrate, total phosphorus and suspended sediment loads. Methods that allow for flexibility in the relation between concentration and flow conditions, specifically Beale's ratio estimator and WRTDS, exhibit greater estimation accuracy and lower bias. Evaluation of methods across simulated sampling scenarios indicate that (1) high-flow sampling is necessary to produce accurate load estimates, (2) extrapolation of sample data through time or across more extreme flow conditions reduces load estimate accuracy, and (3) WRTDS and methods that use a Kalman filter or smoothing to correct for departures between individual modeled and observed values benefit most from more frequent water-quality sampling. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lee, Casey J.] Kansas Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Hirsch, Robert M.; Schwarz, Gregory E.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Holtschlag, David J.] Michigan Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 6520 Mercantile Way 5, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. [Preston, Stephen D.] US Geol Survey, 1289 McDaniel Dr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Crawford, Charles G.] US Geol Survey, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Vecchia, Aldo V.] North Dakota Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 821 E Interstate Ave, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. RP Lee, CJ (reprint author), Kansas Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM cjlee@usgs.gov; rhirsch@usgs.gov; gschwarz@usgs.gov; dholtschlag@usgs.gov; spreston@usgs.gov; cgcrawfo@usgs.gov; avecchia@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 542 BP 185 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.08.059 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EC6LU UT WOS:000388248400013 ER PT J AU Evans, MA AF Evans, Mary Anne TI Graphical Function Mapping as a New Way to Explore Cause-and-Effect Chains SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LAKE-ERIE; HYPOXIA; IMPACTS; CLIMATE; BASIN; RIVER AB Graphical function mapping provides a simple method for improving communication within interdisciplinary research teams and between scientists and nonscientists. This article introduces graphical function mapping using two examples and discusses its usefulness. Function mapping projects the outcome of one function into another to show the combined effect. Using this mathematical property in a simpler, even cartoon-like, graphical way allows the rapid combination of multiple information sources (models, empirical data, expert judgment, and guesses) in an intuitive visual to promote further discussion, scenario development, and clear communication. El mapeo grafico-funcional ofrece un metodo simple para mejorar la comunicacion hacia el interior de los grupos de investigacion interdisciplinaria, asi como tambien entre los cientificos y los no cientificos. En este articulo se introduce el mapeo grafico-funcional, usando dos ejemplos y se discute su utilidad. El mapeo funcional proyecta el resultado de una funcion en otra para mostrar el efecto combinado. El uso de esta propiedad matematica traducido de una manera grafica sencilla, incluso caricaturizada, permite una rapida combinacion de multiples fuentes de informacion (modelos, datos empiricos, juicios expertos y tanteos) dentro de un contexto visual intuitivo que promueve la discusion, el desarrollo de escenarios y una comunicacion mas eficiente. La fonction de mapping graphique fournit une methode simple pour ameliorer la communication au sein des equipes de recherche interdisciplinaires et entre scientifiques et non-scientifiques. Cet article presente la fonction de mapping graphique a l'aide de deux exemples et discute de son utilite. La fonction de mapping graphique projette le resultat d'une fonction dans un autre pour en montrer l'effet combine. L'utilisation de cette propriete mathematique de maniere graphique simple, meme caricaturale, permet la combinaison rapide de multiples sources d'information (modeles, donnees empiriques, jugement d'expert, et suppositions) dans un visuel intuitif pour promouvoir davantage la discussion, l'elaboration de scenarios, et une communication claire. C1 [Evans, Mary Anne] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Evans, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM maevans@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV PY 2016 VL 41 IS 11 BP 638 EP 643 DI 10.1080/03632415.2016.1221404 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EC2HH UT WOS:000387930300005 ER PT J AU Lynch, AJ Taylor, WW McCright, AM AF Lynch, Abigail J. Taylor, William W. McCright, Aaron M. TI Stakeholder Views of Management and Decision Support Tools to Integrate Climate Change into Great Lakes Lake Whitefish Management SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS RECRUITMENT; 1836 TREATY WATERS; ECOSYSTEM APPROACH; FISHERIES; POPULATIONS; MICHIGAN AB Decision support tools can aid decision making by systematically incorporating information, accounting for uncertainties, and facilitating evaluation between alternatives. Without user buy-in, however, decision support tools can fail to influence decision-making processes. We surveyed fishery researchers, managers, and fishers affiliated with the Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis fishery in the 1836 Treaty Waters of Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior to assess opinions of current and future management needs to identify barriers to, and opportunities for, developing a decision support tool based on Lake Whitefish recruitment projections with climate change. Approximately 64% of 39 respondents were satisfied with current management, and nearly 85% agreed that science was well integrated into management programs. Though decision support tools can facilitate science integration into management, respondents suggest that they face significant implementation barriers, including lack of political will to change management and perceived uncertainty in decision support outputs. Recommendations from this survey can inform development of decision support tools for fishery management in the Great Lakes and other regions. Las herramientas de apoyo para la toma de decisiones ayudan en tal tarea mediante la incorporacion sistematica de informacion, tomando en cuenta la incertidumbre y facilitando la evaluacion entre distintas alternativas. Sin embargo, sin la retroalimentacion por parte del usuario, dichas herramientas pueden fallar al momento de influenciar la toma de decisiones. Se realizo un sondeo entre cientificos pesqueros, manejadores y pescadores afiliados al tratado establecido en 1836 sobre Las Aguas de los Lagos Huron, Michigan y Superior, en torno a la pesqueria del coregono Coregonus clupeaformis; la finalidad fue evaluar las opiniones sobre el estado actual y futuro de las necesidades de manejo y asi identificar las barreras en, y las oportunidades para, desarrollar una herramienta de apoyo en la toma de decisiones, basada en proyecciones del reclutamiento del coregono en funcion del cambio climatico. Aproximadamente 64% de 39 entrevistados dijeron estar satisfechos con el esquema actual de manejo y casi 85% concurrieron en que la ciencia se encuentra bien integrada en los programas de manejo. Si bien las herramientas de apoyo pueden facilitar la integracion de la ciencia en el manejo, los entrevistados sugirieron que enfrentan barreras importantes en la implementacion, incluyendo falta de voluntad politica para cambiar el manejo y percibieron incertidumbre en los productos de las decisiones derivadas de las herramientas de apoyo. Las recomendaciones de este sondeo sirven para informar sobre el desarrollo de las herramientas de apoyo a la toma de decisiones para el manejo de pesquerias en los grandes lagos y en otras regiones. Les outils d'aide a la decision peuvent aider la prise de decision en integrant systematiquement l'information, en tenant compte des incertitudes, et en facilitant l'evaluation entre les alternatives. Cependant, si les utilisateurs n'y souscrivent pas, ces outils ne pourront pas influencer les processus de prise de decision. Nous avons mene une enquete aupres des scientifiques de la peche, des gestionnaires de pecheries et des pecheurs lies a la peche du grand coregone (Coregonus clupeaformis) par le Traite de 1836 des lacs Huron, Michigan et Superieur pour evaluer les opinions sur les besoins actuels et futurs en matiere de gestion pour identifier les obstacles et les opportunites en vue de developper un outil de prise de decision base sur les previsions de selection du grand coregone liees au changement climatique. Environ 64 % des 39 repondants etaient satisfaits de la gestion actuelle, et pres de 85 % ont convenu que la science etait bien integree dans les programmes de gestion. Bien que les outils d'aide a la decision peuvent faciliter l'integration de la science dans la gestion des pecheries, les repondants indiquent qu'ils font face a des obstacles de mise en OEuvre importants, y compris le manque de volonte politique pour la gestion du changement. Ils ont par ailleurs percu de l'incertitude dans les resultats venant en appui de la prise de decision. Les recommandations tirees de cette enquete peuvent aider a l'elaboration d'outils d'aide a la decision en matiere de gestion de la peche dans les Grands Lacs et d'autres regions. C1 [Lynch, Abigail J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 516, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Taylor, William W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [McCright, Aaron M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Sociol, Lyman Briggs Coll, Environm Sci & Policy Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lynch, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 516, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ajlynch@usgs.gov OI Lynch, Abigail J./0000-0001-8449-8392 FU Michigan Sea Grant's Coastal Communities Development Grant [RC102558]; Michigan State University Distinguished Fellowship; Great Lakes Integrated Sciences and Assessment Grant [RC100614] FX This work was supported by Michigan Sea Grant's Coastal Communities Development Grant RC102558 and a Michigan State University Distinguished Fellowship, building upon work funded by Great Lakes Integrated Sciences and Assessment Grant RC100614. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV PY 2016 VL 41 IS 11 BP 644 EP 652 DI 10.1080/03632415.2016.1232960 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EC2HH UT WOS:000387930300006 ER PT J AU Wickham, J Nash, MS Barnes, CA AF Wickham, J. Nash, M. S. Barnes, C. A. TI Effect of land cover change on snow free surface albedo across the continental United States SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Autoregression; Climate change; Cropland; Forest; MODIS; NLCD ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; SCALE DEFORESTATION; CLIMATE MODEL; MODIS; REFLECTANCE; PRODUCTS; DATABASE; FOREST; BRDF; RETRIEVALS AB Land cover changes (e.g., forest to grassland) affect albedo, and changes in albedo can influence radiative forcing (warming, cooling). We empirically tested albedo response to land cover change for 130 locations across the continental United States using high resolution (30 m-x-30 m) land cover change data and moderate resolution (similar to 500 m-x-500 m) albedo data. The land cover change data spanned 10 years (2001 - 2011) and the albedo data included observations every eight days for 13 years (2001 - 2013). Empirical testing was based on autoregressive time series analysis of snow free albedo for verified locations of land cover change. Approximately one-third of the autoregressive analyses for woody to herbaceous or forest to shrub change classes were not significant, indicating that albedo did not change significantly as a result of land cover change at these locations. In addition,similar to 80% of mean differences in albedo arising from land cover change were less than +/- 0.02, a nominal benchmark for precision of albedo measurements that is related to significant changes in radiative forcing. Under snow free conditions, we found that land cover change does not guarantee a significant albedo response, and that the differences in mean albedo response for the majority of land cover change locations were small. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wickham, J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nash, M. S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Barnes, C. A.] US Geol Survey, ASRC Fed InuTeq LLC, Earth Resource Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Wickham, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development; ASRC Federal InuTeq LLC [G13PC00028]; U.S. Geological Survey [G13PC00028] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, partly funded and managed the research described here. The article has been reviewed by the USEPA's Office of Research and Development and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the USEPA. C. Barnes' participation was underwritten by contract G13PC00028 between ASRC Federal InuTeq LLC and the U.S. Geological Survey. The authors are grateful for comments on earlier drafts by Dr. Jay Christensen (US EPA), and anonymous reviewers. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 EI 1872-6364 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD NOV PY 2016 VL 146 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.09.0050 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EC3TR UT WOS:000388049700001 ER PT J AU Goldberg, CS Turner, CR Deiner, K Klymus, KE Thomsen, PF Murphy, MA Spear, SF McKee, A Oyler-McCance, SJ Cornman, RS Laramie, MB Mahon, AR Lance, RF Pilliod, DS Strickler, KM Waits, LP Fremier, AK Takahara, T Herder, JE Taberlet, P AF Goldberg, Caren S. Turner, Cameron R. Deiner, Kristy Klymus, Katy E. Thomsen, Philip Francis Murphy, Melanie A. Spear, Stephen F. McKee, Anna Oyler-McCance, Sara J. Cornman, Robert Scott Laramie, Matthew B. Mahon, Andrew R. Lance, Richard F. Pilliod, David S. Strickler, Katherine M. Waits, Lisette P. Fremier, Alexander K. Takahara, Teruhiko Herder, Jelger E. Taberlet, Pierre TI Critical considerations for the application of environmental DNA methods to detect aquatic species SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE biodiversity; eDNA; invasive species; non-destructive sampling; quantitative PCR; reporting guidelines ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; WATER SAMPLES; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; MONITORING PROGRAM; EXTRACELLULAR DNA; SILVER CARP; EDNA; EXTRACTION; GUIDELINES AB Species detection using environmental DNA (eDNA) has tremendous potential for contributing to the understanding of the ecology and conservation of aquatic species. Detecting species using eDNA methods, rather than directly sampling the organisms, can reduce impacts on sensitive species and increase the power of field surveys for rare and elusive species. The sensitivity of eDNA methods, however, requires a heightened awareness and attention to quality assurance and quality control protocols. Additionally, the interpretation of eDNA data demands careful consideration of multiple factors. As eDNA methods have grown in application, diverse approaches have been implemented to address these issues. With interest in eDNA continuing to expand, supportive guidelines for undertaking eDNA studies are greatly needed. Environmental DNA researchers from around the world have collaborated to produce this set of guidelines and considerations for implementing eDNA methods to detect aquatic macroorganisms. Critical considerations for study design include preventing contamination in the field and the laboratory, choosing appropriate sample analysis methods, validating assays, testing for sample inhibition and following minimum reporting guidelines. Critical considerations for inference include temporal and spatial processes, limits of correlation of eDNA with abundance, uncertainty of positive and negative results, and potential sources of allochthonous DNA. We present a synthesis of knowledge at this stage for application of this new and powerful detection method. C1 [Goldberg, Caren S.; Strickler, Katherine M.; Fremier, Alexander K.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, 100 Dairy Rd, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Turner, Cameron R.; Deiner, Kristy] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Klymus, Katy E.] Univ Toledo, Lake Erie Ctr, 6200 Bayshore Rd, Oregon, OH 43616 USA. [Thomsen, Philip Francis] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr GeoGenet, Oster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Murphy, Melanie A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Program Ecol, Dept 3354, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Spear, Stephen F.] Orianne Soc, 100 Phoenix Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [McKee, Anna] US Geol Survey, South Atlantic Water Sci Ctr, 1770 Corp Dr Suite 500, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; Cornman, Robert Scott] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Laramie, Matthew B.; Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Mahon, Andrew R.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Inst Great Lakes Res, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Lance, Richard F.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Waits, Lisette P.] Univ Idaho, Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Takahara, Teruhiko] Shimane Univ, Fac Life & Environm Sci, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan. [Herder, Jelger E.] Reptile Amphibian & Fish Conservat Netherlands RA, POB 1413, NL-6501 BK Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Taberlet, Pierre] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Ecol Alpine, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Turner, Cameron R.] EcoSyst Genet LLC EcoSysGen, POB 8316, South Bend, IN 46660 USA. RP Goldberg, CS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, 100 Dairy Rd, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM caren.goldberg@wsu.edu OI Thomsen, Philip Francis/0000-0002-9867-4366 FU Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program [RC-201204, RC-201205]; Danish National Research Foundation; NSF [EPS-1208909]; Wyoming EPSCOR WyCEHG seed grant; NSF IGERT award [0504495]; US DoD SERDP [RC-2240]; Dutch Network Ecological Monitoring; Rijkswaterstaat; NVWA; STOWA; Dutch Waterboards FX This manuscript is a product of collaborations that formed as a result of a symposium on environmental DNA that occurred at the 2013 International Congress for Conservation Biology in Maryland, USA. CSG, KMS, AKF and LPW were supported in part by the Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (RC-201204 and RC-201205). PFT was supported by the Danish National Research Foundation. MAM was supported in part by NSF grant # EPS-1208909 and Wyoming EPSCOR WyCEHG seed grant. CRT was supported in part by NSF IGERT award 0504495. KD was supported in part by US DoD SERDP RC-2240. JEH was supported by the Dutch Network Ecological Monitoring, Rijkswaterstaat, NVWA, STOWA and several Dutch Waterboards. PT is co-inventor of several patents concerning the DNA-based identification of plants, vertebrates, amphibians, fishes and earthworms. These patents only restrict commercialapplications and have no impact on the use of themethod by academic researchers. PT is member of the scientific committee of the SPYGEN company (http://www.spygen.com). CRT is currently a scientist in a commercial company, ecoSysGen, which specializes in genetic and genomic analysis of environmental mixtures for ecosystem monitoring. CRT did not receive funding from ecoSysGen, while this study was conducted. We thank E. Monroe and two anonymous reviewers for insightful feedback. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 47 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 7 IS 11 BP 1299 EP 1307 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12595 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB8VO UT WOS:000387669600005 ER PT J AU Daniel, CJ Frid, L Sleeter, BM Fortin, MJ AF Daniel, Colin J. Frid, Leonardo Sleeter, Benjamin M. Fortin, Marie-Josee TI State-and-transition simulation models: a framework for forecasting landscape change SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE landscape dynamics; landscape ecology; land-use change; Markov chain; modelling; spatial; stochastic; ST-Sim ID LAND CHANGE MODELS; CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; FIRE AB A wide range of spatially explicit simulation models have been developed to forecast landscape dynamics, including models for projecting changes in both vegetation and land use. While these models have generally been developed as separate applications, each with a separate purpose and audience, they share many common features. We present a general framework, called a state-and-transition simulation model (STSM), which captures a number of these common features, accompanied by a software product, called ST-Sim, to build and run such models. The STSM method divides a landscape into a set of discrete spatial units and simulates the discrete state of each cell forward as a discrete-time-inhomogeneous stochastic process. The method differs from a spatially interacting Markov chain in several important ways, including the ability to add discrete counters such as age and time-since-transition as state variables, to specify one-step transition rates as either probabilities or target areas, and to represent multiple types of transitions between pairs of states. We demonstrate the STSM method using a model of land-use/land-cover (LULC) change for the state of Hawai'i, USA. Processes represented in this example include expansion/contraction of agricultural lands, urbanization, wildfire, shrub encroachment into grassland and harvest of tree plantations; the model also projects shifts in moisture zones due to climate change. Key model output includes projections of the future spatial and temporal distribution of LULC classes and moisture zones across the landscape over the next 50years. State-and-transition simulation models can be applied to a wide range of landscapes, including questions of both land-use change and vegetation dynamics. Because the method is inherently stochastic, it is well suited for characterizing uncertainty in model projections. When combined with the ST-Sim software, STSMs offer a simple yet powerful means for developing a wide range of models of landscape dynamics. C1 [Daniel, Colin J.; Fortin, Marie-Josee] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. [Daniel, Colin J.; Frid, Leonardo] Apex Resource Management Solut Ltd, 937 Kingsmere Ave, Ottawa, ON K2A 3K2, Canada. [Sleeter, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 934 Broadway, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Daniel, CJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.; Daniel, CJ (reprint author), Apex Resource Management Solut Ltd, 937 Kingsmere Ave, Ottawa, ON K2A 3K2, Canada. EM colin.daniel@apexrms.com FU Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry FX This work was financially supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (CGS and Forest Complexity Modelling Program for CD) and the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry. Core development of the ST-Sim software has been supported by The Nature Conservancy, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Forest Service, the LANDFIRE program and Apex Resource Management Solutions. The case study example is based upon work done under the U.S. Geological Survey's LandCarbon project. Special thanks to James L. Smith, Louis Provencher, Zhi-Liang Zhu, Michael Ter-Mikaelian, Steve Colombo, Wendel Hann, James Merzenich, Alex Embrey, Tom Roe, Bronwyn Rayfield and two anonymous reviewers for their contributions. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 7 IS 11 BP 1413 EP 1423 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12597 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB8VO UT WOS:000387669600018 ER PT J AU Hiers, JK Jackson, ST Hobbs, RJ Bernhardt, ES Valentine, LE AF Hiers, J. Kevin Jackson, Stephen T. Hobbs, Richard J. Bernhardt, Emily S. Valentine, Leonie E. TI opinion The Precision Problem in Conservation and Restoration SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER; GOLDEN-CHEEKED WARBLERS; NO-ANALOG FUTURE; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RIVER RESTORATION; BREEDING HABITAT; SNAIL KITE; CLIMATE; LANDSCAPE AB Within the varied contexts of environmental policy, conservation of imperilled species populations, and restoration of damaged habitats, an emphasis on idealized optimal conditions has led to increasingly specific targets for management. Overly-precise conservation targets can reduce habitat variability at multiple scales, with unintended consequences for future ecological resilience. We describe this dilemma in the context of endangered species management, stream restoration, and climate-change adaptation. Inappropriate application of conservation targets can be expensive, with marginal conservation benefit. Reduced habitat variability can limit options for managers trying to balance competing objectives with limited resources. Conservation policies should embrace habitat variability, expand decision-space appropriately, and support adaptation to local circumstances to increase ecological resilience in a rapidly changing world. C1 [Hiers, J. Kevin] Tall Timbers Res Stn, Wildland Fire Sci Program, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hobbs, Richard J.; Valentine, Leonie E.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Bernhardt, Emily S.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Hiers, JK (reprint author), Tall Timbers Res Stn, Wildland Fire Sci Program, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. EM jkhlers@ttrs.org RI Hobbs, Richard/F-5883-2010; Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011 OI Hobbs, Richard/0000-0003-4047-3147; Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X FU Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center; US Forest Service; US National Science Foundation FX This paper derived from breakfast discussions at The Bean in Bainbridge, Georgia, as part of the Ichauway Conference on Managing Future Ecological Change in the Southeast, sponsored by the Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center, the US Forest Service, and the US National Science Foundation. We thank Rick Anderson and Rob Sutter for contributing to the discussions, and the owners and employees of The Bean for indulging our lively early-morning deliberations. We also thank Carolyn Enquist, Shannon Farrell, Stephen Gray, Nancy Green, Teresa Krause, and Gregor Schuurman for comments and discussion. We dedicate this paper to the memory of Robert J. Mitchell (1955-2013). NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 34 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 31 IS 11 BP 820 EP 830 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2016.08.001 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA EA6LO UT WOS:000386740900003 PM 27622815 ER PT J AU Cook, JA Greiman, SE Agosta, SJ Anderson, RP Arbogast, BS Baker, RJ Boeger, W Bradley, RD Brooks, DR Cole, R Demboski, JR Dobson, AP Dunnum, JL Eckerlin, RP Esselstyn, J Galbreath, KE Hawdon, J Hoekstra, HE Kutz, SJ Light, JE Olson, LE Patterson, BD Patton, JL Phillips, AJ Rickart, E Rogers, DS Siddall, ME Tkach, VV Hoberg, EP AF Cook, Joseph A. Greiman, Stephen E. Agosta, Salvatore J. Anderson, Robert P. Arbogast, Brian S. Baker, Robert J. Boeger, Walter Bradley, Robert D. Brooks, Daniel R. Cole, Rebecca Demboski, John R. Dobson, Andrew P. Dunnum, Jonathan L. Eckerlin, Ralph P. Esselstyn, Jacob Galbreath, Kurt E. Hawdon, John Hoekstra, Hopi E. Kutz, Susan J. Light, Jessica E. Olson, Link E. Patterson, Bruce D. Patton, James L. Phillips, Anna J. Rickart, Eric Rogers, Duke S. Siddall, Mark E. Tkach, Vasyl V. Hoberg, Eric P. TI Transformational Principles for NEON Sampling of Mammalian Parasites and Pathogens: A Response to Springer and Colleagues SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOLOGY; DISEASE; COLLECTIONS C1 [Cook, Joseph A.; Greiman, Stephen E.; Dunnum, Jonathan L.] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cook, Joseph A.; Greiman, Stephen E.; Dunnum, Jonathan L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Agosta, Salvatore J.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Agosta, Salvatore J.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Anderson, Robert P.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Biol, 138th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Arbogast, Brian S.] Univ North Carolina Wilmington, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC USA. [Baker, Robert J.; Bradley, Robert D.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Baker, Robert J.; Bradley, Robert D.] Texas Tech Univ Museum, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Boeger, Walter] Univ Fed Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Brooks, Daniel R.] Univ Nebraska, HW Manter Lab Parasitol, Lincoln, NE USA. [Cole, Rebecca] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Demboski, John R.] Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Denver, CO USA. [Dobson, Andrew P.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Eckerlin, Ralph P.] Northern Virginia Community Coll, Math Sci & Engn Div, Annandale, VA USA. [Esselstyn, Jacob] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Esselstyn, Jacob] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Galbreath, Kurt E.] Northern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Marquette, MI USA. [Hawdon, John] George Washington Univ, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Hoekstra, Hopi E.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hoekstra, Hopi E.] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kutz, Susan J.] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Light, Jessica E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Light, Jessica E.] Texas A&M Univ, Biodivers Res & Teaching Collect, College Stn, TX USA. [Olson, Link E.] Univ Alaska, Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Patterson, Bruce D.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Patton, James L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Phillips, Anna J.; Hoberg, Eric P.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Hoberg, Eric P.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Rickart, Eric] Nat Hist Museum, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Rogers, Duke S.] Brigham Young Univ, Monte L Bean Life Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Rogers, Duke S.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Siddall, Mark E.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Tkach, Vasyl V.] Univ North Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Cook, JA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.; Cook, JA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM tucojoe@gmail.com OI Demboski, John/0000-0002-5163-4113 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD NOV PY 2016 VL 66 IS 11 BP 917 EP 919 DI 10.1093/biosci/biw123 PG 3 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA EB6AU UT WOS:000387463900002 ER PT J AU Heinz, GH AF Heinz, Gary H. TI A Downstream Voyage with Mercury SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALLARD REPRODUCTION; METHYLMERCURY C1 [Heinz, Gary H.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Heinz, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gheinz@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 EI 1432-0800 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 97 IS 5 BP 591 EP 592 DI 10.1007/s00128-016-1909-1 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EB3MD UT WOS:000387268000002 PM 27562013 ER PT J AU Schmitt, CJ McKee, MJ AF Schmitt, Christopher J. McKee, Michael J. TI Concentration Trends for Lead and Calcium-Normalized Lead in Fish Fillets from the Big River, a Mining-Contaminated Stream in Southeastern Missouri USA SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lead; Calcium; Mining; Longear sunfish; Redhorse suckers ID CADMIUM; ZINC; ACCUMULATION AB Lead (Pb) and calcium (Ca) concentrations were measured in fillet samples of longear sunfish (Lepomis megalotis) and redhorse suckers (Moxostoma spp.) collected in 2005-2012 from the Big River, which drains a historical mining area in southeastern Missouri and where a consumption advisory is in effect due to elevated Pb concentrations in fish. Lead tends to accumulated in Ca-rich tissues such as bone and scale. Concentrations of Pb in fish muscle are typically low, but can become elevated in fillets from Pb-contaminated sites depending in part on how much bone, scale, and skin is included in the sample. We used analysis-of-covariance to normalize Pb concentration to the geometric mean Ca concentration (415 ug/g wet weight, ww), which reduced variation between taxa, sites, and years, as was the number of samples that exceeded Missouri consumption advisory threshold (300 ng/g ww). Concentrations of Pb in 2005-2012 were lower than in the past, especially after Ca-normalization, but the consumption advisory is still warranted because concentrations were > 300 ng/g ww in samples of both taxa from contaminated sites. For monitoring purposes, a simple linear regression model is proposed for estimating Ca-normalized Pb concentrations in fillets from Pb:Ca molar ratios as a way of reducing the effects of differing preparation methods on fillet Pb variation. C1 [Schmitt, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [McKee, Michael J.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Cent Reg Off & Conservat Res Ctr, 3500 E Gans Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Schmitt, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM cjschmitt@usgs.gov; mike.mckee@mdc.gov.mo FU Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This investigation was jointly supported by the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The authors report no conflicts of interest, and appreciate the efforts of the MDC biologists who collected the samples (especially M. Reed and K. Meneau); T. May, W. Brumbaugh, M. Walther, and J. Arms (USGS) for analyzing the samples; J. Davis and J. Ross (San Francisco Estuary Institute) and S. Gao (MDC) for statistical advice; M. Struckhoff (USGS) for preparing the map and metadata; and J. E. Hinck (USGS) and J. Wenzel (MDHSS) for comments on an earlier version of the paper. All laboratory and field methods were consistent with recommendations for the humane treatment of animals in research (American Fisheries Society 2004) and all applicable guidelines for the care and use of animals. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 EI 1432-0800 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 97 IS 5 BP 593 EP 600 DI 10.1007/s00128-016-1850-3 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EB3MD UT WOS:000387268000003 PM 27289222 ER PT J AU Williamson, TN Nystrom, EA Milly, PCD AF Williamson, Tanja N. Nystrom, Elizabeth A. Milly, Paul C. D. TI Sensitivity of the projected hydroclimatic environment of the Delaware River basin to formulation of potential evapotranspiration SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-RESOURCES; REGION; SIMULATIONS; IMPACTS; SYSTEM; TRENDS AB The Delaware River Basin (DRB) encompasses approximately 0.4 % of the area of the United States (U.S.), but supplies water to 5 % of the population. We studied three forested tributaries to quantify the potential climate-driven change in hydrologic budget for two 25-year time periods centered on 2030 and 2060, focusing on sensitivity to the method of estimating potential evapotranspiration (PET) change. Hydrology was simulated using the Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources (Williamson et al. 2015). Climate-change scenarios for four Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) global climate models (GCMs) and two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) were used to derive monthly change factors for temperature (T), precipitation (PPT), and PET according to the energy-based method of Priestley and Taylor (1972). Hydrologic simulations indicate a general increase in annual (especially winter) streamflow (Q) as early as 2030 across the DRB, with a larger increase by 2060. This increase in Q is the result of (1) higher winter PPT, which outweighs an annual actual evapotranspiration (AET) increase and (2) (for winter) a major shift away from storage of PPT as snow pack. However, when PET change is evaluated instead using the simpler T-based method of Hamon (1963), the increases in Q are small or even negative. In fact, the change of Q depends as much on PET method as on time period or RCP. This large sensitivity and associated uncertainty underscore the importance of exercising caution in the selection of a PET method for use in climate-change analyses. C1 [Williamson, Tanja N.] US Geol Survey, Indiana Kentucky Water Sci Ctr, 9818 Bluegrass Pkwy, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. [Nystrom, Elizabeth A.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Milly, Paul C. D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Williamson, TN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Indiana Kentucky Water Sci Ctr, 9818 Bluegrass Pkwy, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. EM tnwillia@usgs.gov FU USGS as part of a National Water Census focus area study FX Development of the Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources (WATER) for the Delaware River Basin was funded by the USGS as part of a National Water Census focus area study. We appreciate the thoughtful comments from colleagues and reviewers at different stages of this research and manuscript preparation. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD NOV PY 2016 VL 139 IS 2 BP 215 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s10584-016-1782-2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EB7PO UT WOS:000387581400007 ER PT J AU Gleason, CJ Smith, LC Chu, VW Legleiter, CJ Pitcher, LH Overstreet, BT Rennermalm, AK Forster, RR Yang, K AF Gleason, Colin J. Smith, Laurence C. Chu, Vena W. Legleiter, Carl J. Pitcher, Lincoln H. Overstreet, Brandon T. Rennermalm, Asa K. Forster, Richard R. Yang, Kang TI Characterizing supraglacial meltwater channel hydraulics on the Greenland Ice Sheet from in situ observations SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE Greenland; supraglacial rivers; supraglacial streams; channel hydraulics; climate change ID WEST GREENLAND; MASS-LOSS; AUSTRE-OKSTINDBREEN; ABLATION ZONE; BASIN-SCALE; STREAMS; KANGERLUSSUAQ; SEDIMENT; DRAINAGE; RUNOFF AB Supraglacial rivers on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) transport large volumes of surface meltwater toward the ocean, yet have received relatively little direct research. This study presents field observations of channel width, depth, velocity, and water surface slope for nine supraglacial channels on the south-western GrIS collected between July 23 and August 20, 2012. Field sites are located up to 74km inland and span 494-1485m elevation, and contain measured discharges larger than any previous in situ study: from 0.006 to 23.12m(3)/s in channels 0.20 to 20.62m wide. All channels were deeply incised with near vertical banks, and hydraulic geometry results indicate that supraglacial channels primarily accommodate greater discharges by increasing velocity. Smaller streams had steeper water surface slopes (0.74-8.83%) than typical in terrestrial settings, yielding correspondingly high velocities (0.40-2.60m/s) and Froude numbers (0.45-3.11) with supercritical flow observed in 54% of measurements. Derived Manning's n values were larger and more variable than anticipated from channels of uniform substrate, ranging from 0.009 to 0.154 with a mean value of 0.035 +/- 0.027 despite the absence of sediment, debris, or other roughness elements. Ubiquitous micro-depressions in shallow sections of the channel bed may explain some of these roughness values. However, we find that other, unobserved sources of flow resistance likely contributed to these elevated Manning's n values: future work should explicitly consider additional sources of flow resistance beyond bed roughness in supraglacial channels. We conclude that hydraulic modeling for these channels must allow for both subcritical and supercritical flow, and most importantly must refrain from assuming that all ice-substrate channels exhibit similar hydraulic behavior, especially for Froude numbers and Manning's n. Finally, this study highlights that further theoretical and empirical work on supraglacial channel hydraulics is necessary before broad scale understanding of ice sheet hydrology can be achieved. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gleason, Colin J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Smith, Laurence C.; Pitcher, Lincoln H.; Yang, Kang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Chu, Vena W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Legleiter, Carl J.] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Legleiter, Carl J.; Overstreet, Brandon T.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Rennermalm, Asa K.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Forster, Richard R.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Gleason, CJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM cjgleason@umass.edu RI Smith, Laurence/E-7785-2012; OI Smith, Laurence/0000-0001-6866-5904; Legleiter, Carl/0000-0003-0940-8013; Overstreet, Brandon/0000-0001-7845-6671 FU NASA Cryosphere Program [NNX11AQ38G] FX This research was supported by the NASA Cryosphere Program (grant NNX11AQ38G) managed by Dr. Thomas Wagner. CH2MHill and Kangerlussuaq International Science Support (KISS) provided logistical support, and the authors would like to thank Kathy Young, Susan Zager, and Tonny Olsson for their help in making difficult fieldwork as easy as possible. J. Toby Minear provided useful comments on an earlier version of this document, and the authors thank him and Irina Overeem and one anonymous reviewer for their suggestions that have improved this paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 41 IS 14 BP 2111 EP 2122 DI 10.1002/esp.3977 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EB4RS UT WOS:000387361400009 ER PT J AU Samuel, MD Storm, DJ AF Samuel, Michael D. Storm, Daniel J. TI Chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer: infection, mortality, and implications for heterogeneous transmission SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age misclassification; age-prevalence model; chronic wasting disease; disease-associated mortality; epidemiology; force of infection; white-tailed deer ID MULE DEER; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; WILDLIFE EPIDEMIC; CEMENTUM-ANNULI; BLACK BEARS; TOOTH WEAR; AGE; WISCONSIN; PATTERNS AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting free-ranging and captive cervids that now occurs in 24 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. Despite the potential threat of CWD to deer populations, little is known about the rates of infection and mortality caused by this disease. We used epidemiological models to estimate the force of infection and disease-associated mortality for white-tailed deer in the Wisconsin and Illinois CWD outbreaks. Models were based on age-prevalence data corrected for bias in aging deer using the tooth wear and replacement method. Both male and female deer in the Illinois outbreak had higher corrected age-specific prevalence with slightly higher female infection than deer in the Wisconsin outbreak. Corrected ages produced more complex models with different infection and mortality parameters than those based on apparent prevalence. We found that adult male deer have a more than threefold higher risk of CWD infection than female deer. Males also had higher disease mortality than female deer. As a result, CWD prevalence was twofold higher in adult males than females. We also evaluated the potential impacts of alternative contact structures on transmission dynamics in Wisconsin deer. Results suggested that transmission of CWD among male deer during the nonbreeding season may be a potential mechanism for producing higher rates of infection and prevalence characteristically found in males. However, alternatives based on high environmental transmission and transmission from females to males during the breeding season may also play a role. C1 [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Storm, Daniel J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Storm, Daniel J.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Samuel, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdsamuel@wisc.edu FU Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison FX We thank the many hunters and biologists who contribute to this study by providing and collecting samples for CWD testing. D. Grear, R. Russell, P. Shelton, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments that helped improve the paper. We thank the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison for assistance with publication costs. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 24 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2016 VL 97 IS 11 BP 3195 EP 3205 DI 10.1002/ecy.1538 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2YJ UT WOS:000387228200029 PM 27870037 ER PT J AU Condon, LA Pyke, DA AF Condon, Lea A. Pyke, David A. TI Filling the interspacerestoring arid land mosses: source populations, organic matter, and overwintering govern success SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE biological soil crusts; Bryum argenteum; ecotypes; Great Basin; sagebrush ecosystem; shrub steppe; Syntrichia ruralis ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; TORTULA-RURALIS; MOJAVE DESERT; PLANTS; VEGETATION; RECOVERY; GERMINATION; STRESS; INFILTRATION; RESTORATION AB Biological soil crusts contribute to ecosystem functions and occupy space that could be available to invasive annual grasses. Given disturbances in the semiarid shrub steppe communities, we embarked on a set of studies to investigate restoration potential of mosses in sagebrush steppe ecosystems. We examined establishment and growth of two moss species common to the Great Basin, USA: Bryum argenteum and Syntrichia ruralis from two environmental settings (warm dry vs. cool moist). Moss fragments were inoculated into a third warm dry setting, on bare soil in spring and fall, both with and without a jute net and with and without spring irrigation. Moss cover was monitored in spring seasons of three consecutive years. Both moss species increased in cover over the winter. When Bryum received spring irrigation that was out of sync with natural precipitation patterns, moss cover increased and then crashed, taking two seasons to recover. Syntrichia did not respond to the irrigation treatment. The addition of jute net increased moss cover under all conditions, except Syntrichia following fall inoculation, which required a second winter to increase in cover. The warm dry population of Bryum combined with jute achieved on average 60% cover compared to the cool moist population that achieved only 28% cover by the end of the study. Differences were less pronounced for Syntrichia where moss from the warm dry population with jute achieved on average 51% cover compared to the cool moist population that achieved 43% cover by the end of the study. Restoration of arid land mosses may quickly protect soils from erosion while occupying sites before invasive plants. We show that higher moss cover will be achieved quickly with the addition of organic matter and when moss fragments originate from sites with a climate that is similar to that of the restoration site. C1 [Condon, Lea A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Condon, Lea A.; Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Condon, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM lcondon@usgs.gov FU National Landscape Conservation System, Research and Science Program, Bureau of Land Management [L12PG00159_00] FX National Landscape Conservation System, Research and Science Program, Bureau of Land Management, (Grant/Award Number: Interagency Agreement L12PG00159_00). NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 6 IS 21 BP 7623 EP 7632 DI 10.1002/ece3.2448 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EB1NX UT WOS:000387120800006 ER PT J AU Jonsson, JE Afton, AD AF Jonsson, Jon Einar Afton, Alan D. TI Do foraging methods in winter affect morphology during growth in juvenile snow geese? SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE bill size; body size; foraging exertion; habitat selection; introgressive hybridization; morphotypes ID CHEN-CAERULESCENS-CAERULESCENS; BODY-SIZE VARIATION; DARWINS FINCHES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GOOSE POPULATION; BRANTA-LEUCOPSIS; BILL MORPHOLOGY; BARNACLE GOOSE; PRECOCIAL BIRD; GROWING BONE AB Physical exertion during growth can affect ultimate size and density of skeletal structures. Such changes from different exercise regimes may explain morphological differences between groups, such as those exhibited by lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens; hereafter snow geese) foraging in southwest Louisiana. In rice-prairie habitats (hereafter rice-prairies), snow geese bite off or graze aboveground vegetation, whereas they dig or grub for subterranean plant parts in adjacent coastal marshes. Grubbing involves considerably more muscular exertion than does grazing. Thus, we hypothesized that rates of bone formation and growth would be lower for juveniles wintering in rice-prairies than those in coastal marshes, resulting in smaller bill and skull features at adulthood. First, we tested this exertion hypothesis by measuring bills, skulls, and associated musculature from arrival to departure (November-February) in both habitats in southwest Louisiana, using both banded birds and collected specimens. Second, we used the morphological data to test an alternative hypothesis, which states that smaller bill dimensions in rice-prairies evolved because of hybridization with Ross's geese (C.rossii). Under the exertion hypothesis, we predicted that bill and skull bones of juveniles would grow at different rates between habitats. However, we found that bill and skull bones of juveniles grew similarly between habitats, thus failing to support the exertion hypothesis. Morphometrics were more likely to differ by sex or change with sampling date than to differ by habitat. We predicted that significant, consistent skewness toward smaller birds could indicate hybridization with Ross's geese, but no skewness was observed in our morphological data, which fails to support the hybridization hypothesis. Further research is needed to clarify whether snow geese wintering in Louisiana represent a single polymorphic population that segregates into individually preferred habitats, which we believe at present to be more likely as an explanation than two ecologically and spatially distinct morphotypes. C1 [Jonsson, Jon Einar] Univ Iceland, Res Ctr Snaefellsnes, Stykkisholmur, Iceland. [Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Jonsson, JE (reprint author), Univ Iceland, Res Ctr Snaefellsnes, Stykkisholmur, Iceland. EM joneinar@hi.is FU Canadian Wildlife Service; Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF); Delta Waterfowl Foundation; Rockefeller Scholarship Program; USGS-Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Graduate School; Agricultural Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources at Louisiana State University FX Canadian Wildlife Service, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF), Delta Waterfowl Foundation, Rockefeller Scholarship Program, USGS-Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Graduate School; Agricultural Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources at Louisiana State University NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 6 IS 21 BP 7656 EP 7670 DI 10.1002/ece3.2481 PG 15 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EB1NX UT WOS:000387120800009 ER PT J AU Barrett, K Loboda, T McGuire, AD Genet, H Hoy, E Kasischke, E AF Barrett, Kirsten Loboda, Tatiana McGuire, A. D. Genet, Helene Hoy, Elizabeth Kasischke, Eric TI Static and dynamic controls on fire activity at moderate spatial and temporal scales in the Alaskan boreal forest SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Alaska; boreal; remote sensing; scale; wildfire ID INTERIOR ALASKA; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; RADIATIVE POWER; NORTH-AMERICA; BURN SEVERITY; SUB-ALPINE; MIXEDWOOD; WEATHER; WILDFIRE; CLIMATE AB Wildfire, a dominant disturbance in boreal forests, is highly variable in occurrence and behavior at multiple spatiotemporal scales. New data sets provide more detailed spatial and temporal observations of active fires and the post-burn environment in Alaska. In this study, we employ some of these new data to analyze variations in fire activity by developing three explanatory models to examine the occurrence of (1) seasonal periods of elevated fire activity using the number of MODIS active fire detections data set (MCD14DL) within an 11-day moving window, (2) unburned patches within a burned area using the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity fire severity product, and (3) short-to-moderate interval (<60 yr) fires using areas of burned area overlap in the Alaska Large Fire Database. Explanatory variables for these three models included dynamic variables that can change over the course of the fire season, such as weather and burn date, as well as static variables that remain constant over a fire season, such as topography, drainage, vegetation cover, and fire history. We found that seasonal periods of high fire activity are associated with both seasonal timing and aggregated weather conditions, as well as the landscape composition of areas that are burning. Important static inputs to the model of seasonal fire activity indicate that when fire weather conditions are suitable, areas that typically resist fire (e.g., deciduous stands) may become more vulnerable to burning and therefore less effective as fire breaks. The occurrence of short-to-moderate interval fires appears to be primarily driven by weather conditions, as these were the only relevant explanatory variables in the model. The unique importance of weather in explaining short-to-moderate interval fires implies that fire return intervals (FRIs) will be sensitive to projected climate changes in the region. Unburned patches occur most often in younger stands, which may be related to a greater deciduous fraction of vegetation as well as lower fuel loads compared with mature stands. The fraction of unburned patches may therefore increase in response to decreasing FRIs and increased deciduousness in the region, or these may decrease if fire weather conditions become more severe. C1 [Barrett, Kirsten] Univ Leicester, Dept Geog, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Loboda, Tatiana; Kasischke, Eric] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 216 Irving 1,POB 757020,902 Koyukuk Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Genet, Helene] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, 902 N Koyukuk Dr,POB 757000, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hoy, Elizabeth] Global Sci & Technol Inc, 7855 Walker Dr,Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Barrett, K (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Geog, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM kirsten.barrett@le.ac.uk FU NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program through a NASA Earth System Science Fellowship FX The research presented in this study was partially supported by NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program and through a NASA Earth System Science Fellowship. We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers whose input greatly benefited the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2016 VL 7 IS 11 AR e01572 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1572 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2UI UT WOS:000387217700022 ER PT J AU Halsey, SJ Bell, TJ McEachern, K Pavlovic, NB AF Halsey, Samniqueka J. Bell, Timothy J. McEachern, Kathryn Pavlovic, Noel B. TI Population-specific life histories contribute to metapopulation viability SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE demographic responses; elasticity analysis; life-table response experiments; Pitcher's thistle; restorations ID ENDEMIC CENTAUREA-CORYMBOSA; TABLE RESPONSE EXPERIMENTS; RESTORATION DEMOGRAPHY; ENDANGERED PLANTS; CIRSIUM-PITCHERI; CONSERVATION; GROWTH; MODEL; ELASTICITIES; EXTINCTION AB Restoration efforts can be improved by understanding how variations in life-history traits occur within populations of the same species living in different environments. This can be done by first understanding the demographic responses of natural occurring populations. Population viability analysis continues to be useful to species management and conservation with sensitivity analysis aiding in the understanding of population dynamics. In this study, using life-table response experiments and elasticity analyses, we investigated how population-specific life-history demographic responses contributed to the metapopulation viability of the Federally threatened Pitcher's thistle (Cirsium pitcheri). Specifically, we tested the following hypotheses: (1) Subpopulations occupying different environments within a metapopulation have independent demographic responses and (2) advancing succession results in a shift from a demographic response focused on growth and fecundity to one dominated by stasis. Our results showed that reintroductions had a positive contribution to the metapopulation growth rate as compared to native populations which had a negative contribution. We found no difference in succession on the contribution to metapopulation viability. In addition, we identified distinct population-specific contributions to metapopulation viability and were able to associate specific life-history demographic responses. For example, the positive impact of Miller High Dunes population on the metapopulation growth rate resulted from high growth contributions, whereas increased time of plant in stasis for the State Park Big Blowout population resulted in negative contributions. A greater understanding of how separate populations respond in their corresponding environment may ultimately lead to more effective management strategies aimed at reducing extinction risk. We propose the continued use of sensitivity analyses to evaluate population-specific demographic influences on metapopulation viability. In understanding the underlying causes of the projected extinction probabilities of each population and identifying broad-scale contributions of different populations to the metapopulation, the process of pinpointing target populations is simplified. More detailed analyses can then be applied to the target populations to increase population viability and consequently metapopulation viability. Based on our research, we suggest that the best approach to improve the overall metapopulation viability is to manage the contributions to population growth for each population separately. C1 [Halsey, Samniqueka J.; Bell, Timothy J.] Chicago State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 9501 South King Dr, Chicago, IL 60628 USA. [McEachern, Kathryn] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Channel Isl Field Stn, 1901 Spinnaker Dr, Ventura, CA 93001 USA. [Pavlovic, Noel B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1574 North 300 East, Chesterton, IN 46304 USA. [Halsey, Samniqueka J.] Univ Illinois, Grad Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Halsey, SJ (reprint author), Chicago State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 9501 South King Dr, Chicago, IL 60628 USA.; Halsey, SJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Grad Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM shals3@illinois.edu FU National Park Service; National Science Foundation [DEB 0516058]; USFWS; U.S. Geological Survey FX Cirsium pitcheri demographic data were collected in collaboration with J. Stumpf and assisted by numerous technicians and volunteers over the years; with funding from National Park Service, U.S. Geological Survey and National Science Foundation award DEB 0516058 to K. Havens, T. Bell, M. Bowles, C. Jolls, and K. McEachern. Population modeling was performed at Chicago State University in collaboration with the Morton Arboretum, with funding from USFWS. We thank the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore and Indiana Department of Natural Resources for their past and ongoing collaboration on dune management, with enduring commitment to Cirsium pitcheri conservation in Indiana. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The funding sources had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2016 VL 7 IS 11 AR e01536 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1536 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2UI UT WOS:000387217700004 ER PT J AU Riley, KL Loehman, RA AF Riley, Karin L. Loehman, Rachel A. TI Mid-21st-century climate changes increase predicted fire occurrence and fire season length, Northern Rocky Mountains, United States SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE burn probability; climate change; climatic fire season length; fire occurrence; FSim; Northern Rocky Mountains ID WILDLAND FIRE; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; FOREST STRUCTURE; WILDFIRE; USA; REGIMES; MANAGEMENT; DANGER; MODELS; SCALE AB Climate changes are expected to increase fire frequency, fire season length, and cumulative area burned in the western United States. We focus on the potential impact of mid-21st-century climate changes on annual burn probability, fire season length, and large fire characteristics including number and size for a study area in the Northern Rocky Mountains. Although large fires are rare they account for most of the area burned in western North America, burn under extreme weather conditions, and exhibit behaviors that preclude methods of direct control. Allocation of resources, development of management plans, and assessment of fire effects on ecosystems all require an understanding of when and where fires are likely to burn, particularly under altered climate regimes that may increase large fire occurrence. We used the large fire simulation model FSim to model ignition, growth, and containment of wildfires under two climate scenarios: contemporary (based on instrumental weather) and mid-century (based on an ensemble average of global climate models driven by the A1B SRES emissions scenario). Modeled changes in fire patterns include increased annual burn probability, particularly in areas of the study region with relatively short contemporary fire return intervals; increased individual fire size and annual area burned; and fewer years without large fires. High fire danger days, represented by threshold values of Energy Release Component (ERC), are projected to increase in number, especially in spring and fall, lengthening the climatic fire season. For fire managers, ERC is an indicator of fire intensity potential and fire economics, with higher ERC thresholds often associated with larger, more expensive fires. Longer periods of elevated ERC may significantly increase the cost and complexity of fire management activities, requiring new strategies to maintain desired ecological conditions and limit fire risk. Increased fire activity (within the historical range of frequency and severity, and depending on the extent to which ecosystems are adapted) may maintain or restore ecosystem functionality; however, in areas that are highly departed from historical fire regimes or where there is disequilibrium between climate and vegetation, ecosystems may be rapidly and persistently altered by wildfires, especially those that burn under extreme conditions. C1 [Riley, Karin L.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 East Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Loehman, Rachel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Riley, KL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 East Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM kriley@fs.fed.us FU Region 1 of the U.S. Forest Service FX We thank Jessica Haas for in-depth discussions that contributed to the methods presented here. Region 1 of the U.S. Forest Service provided partial funding for the project. We appreciate comments by Dr. Faith Ann Heinsch and two anonymous reviewers who helped improve this manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2016 VL 7 IS 11 AR e01543 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1543 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2UI UT WOS:000387217700007 ER PT J AU Witwicki, DL Munson, SM Thoma, DP AF Witwicki, Dana L. Munson, Seth M. Thoma, David P. TI Effects of climate and water balance across grasslands of varying C-3 and C-4 grass cover SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE C-3 grass; C-4 grass; climate change and variability; Colorado Plateau; long-term monitoring; native perennial grass cover; semiarid grasslands; Special Feature: Science for Our National Parks' Second Century; water balance ID NORTH-AMERICAN GRASSLANDS; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; MODEL SIMULATIONS; PRODUCTIVITY; SOIL; DROUGHT; ADAPTATION; ECOSYSTEMS; TRANSITION; SHRUBLANDS AB Climate change in grassland ecosystems may lead to divergent shifts in the abundance and distribution of C-3 and C-4 grasses. Many studies relate mean climate conditions over relatively long time periods to plant cover, but there is still much uncertainty about how the balance of C-3 and C-4 species will be affected by climate at a finer temporal scale than season (individual events to months). We monitored cover at five grassland sites with co-dominant C-3 and C-4 grass species or only dominant C-3 grass species for 6 yr in national parks across the Colorado Plateau region to assess the influence of specific months of climate and water balance on changes in grass cover. C-4 grass cover increased and decreased to a larger degree than C-3 grass cover with extremely dry and wet consecutive years, but this response varied by ecological site. Climate and water balance explained 10-49% of the inter-annual variability of cover of C-3 and C-4 grasses at all sites. High precipitation in the spring and in previous year monsoon storms influenced changes in cover of C-4 grasses, with measures of water balance in the same months explaining additional variability. C-3 grasses in grasslands where they were dominant were influenced primarily by longer periods of climate, while C-3 grasses in grasslands where they were co-dominant with C-4 grasses were influenced little by climate anomalies at either short or long periods of time. Our results suggest that future changes in spring and summer climate and water balance are likely to affect cover of both C-3 and C-4 grasses, but cover of C-4 grasses may be affected more strongly, and the degree of change will depend on soils and topography where they are growing and the timing of the growing season. C1 [Witwicki, Dana L.] Natl Pk Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Program, POB 848, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Munson, Seth M.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Thoma, David P.] Natl Pk Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Program, 2327 Univ Way, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Witwicki, DL (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Program, POB 848, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM dana_witwicki@nps.gov FU National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area FX The National Park Service and U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area supported this work. We are grateful to past and current NPS vegetation monitoring crews for field data collection. Many thanks to Helen Thomas and Aneth Wight for meticulously managing park data sets, as well as Cheryl McIntyre, Dusty Perkins, and anonymous reviewers of earlier versions of this manuscript for their thoughtful suggestions. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this manuscript is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2016 VL 7 IS 11 AR e01577 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1577 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB2UI UT WOS:000387217700026 ER PT J AU Woodward, EE Hladik, ML Kolpin, DW AF Woodward, Emily E. Hladik, Michelle L. Kolpin, Dana W. TI Nitrapyrin in Streams: The First Study Documenting Off-Field Transport of a Nitrogen Stabilizer Compound SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SURFACE WATERS; N-SERVE; SOIL; NITRIFICATION; HYDROLYSIS; HERBICIDES; BEHAVIOR; FALL AB Nitrapyrin is a bactericide that is co-applied with fertilizer to prevent nitrification and enhance corn yields. While there have been studies of the environmental fate of nitrapyrin, there is no documentation of its off-field transport to streams. In 2016, 59 water samples from 11 streams across Iowa were analyzed for nitrapyrin and its degradate, 6-chloropicolinic acid (6-CPA), along with three widely used herbicides, acetochlor, atrazine, and metolachlor. Nitrapyrin was detected in seven streams (39% of water samples) with concentrations ranging from 12 to 240 ng/L; 6-CPA was never detected. The herbicides were ubiquitously detected (100% of samples, 28-16000 ng/L). Higher nitrapyrin concentrations in streams were associated with rainfall events following spring fertilizer applications. Nitrapyrin persisted in streams for up to 5 weeks. These results highlight the need for more research focused on the environmental fate and transport of nitrapyrin and the potential toxicity this compound could have on nontarget organisms. C1 [Woodward, Emily E.; Hladik, Michelle L.] US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, 400 South Clinton St, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. RP Woodward, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM ewoodward@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. We thank our USGS colleagues Jim Cerveny, Lance Gruhn, Shannon Meppelink, Sophie Pierce, and David Warweg for assisting with sample collection for this study and Sean Stout for help with sample processing. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2328-8930 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECH LET JI Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 3 IS 11 BP 387 EP 392 DI 10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00348 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB6XF UT WOS:000387528200002 ER PT J AU Dick, K Alexander, HD Moczygemba, JD AF Dick, Krysten Alexander, Heather D. Moczygemba, Jonathan D. TI Use of shelter tubes, grass-specific herbicide, and herbivore exclosures to reduce stressors and improve restoration of semiarid thornscrub forests SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE herbicide; revegetation; seedling; semiarid; shelter tube; thornscrub forest ID TAMAULIPAN THORNSCRUB; NORTHEASTERN MEXICO; TREE SHELTER; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; LEOPARDUS-PARDALIS; GROWTH; ENVIRONMENT; SURVIVAL; REFORESTATION AB In semiarid south Texas, land conversion has reduced thornscrub forests by greater than 95%, and stressors, including competition with invasive grasses, mammalian herbivory, and drought, threaten the success of restoration efforts. This study assessed the effectiveness of multiple restoration treatments aimed at improving survival and growth of thornscrub forest seedlings planted in old agricultural fields. In January 2013, we treated greater than 1,100 seedlings with grass-specific herbicide, herbivore exclosures, and shelter tubes, used separately or combined. We further evaluated the effects of shelter tube duration (0, 6, 12, and 18 months). For each seedling, we quantified surrounding invasive grass cover, browse intensity, height, and basal diameter every 4 months until September 2014. Herbicide application decreased invasive grass cover approximately 5-fold and increased seedling survival (23%) and basal diameter (26%). Shelter tube application for 12 and 18 months increased seedling survival (10%) and height (43 and 74%, respectively), whereas seedlings treated with tubes for only 6 months performed similar to those left untreated. Exclosures had no impact on seedling survival but increased seedling height (23%) and basal diameter (26%). We found no significant interactive effects of treatments. Overall, herbicide most effectively increased seedling survival and basal diameter growth, whereas shelter tubes proved most useful for promoting height growth. Combined, these treatments increased implementation and maintenance costs 2-fold, but minimized seedling mortality and maximized restoration potential. These findings highlight the necessity of post-planting seedling management to reduce stress from invasive grasses, mammalian herbivory, and drought and improve restoration potential in semiarid thornscrub forests. C1 [Dick, Krysten; Moczygemba, Jonathan D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laguna Atascosa Natl Wildlife Refuge, Los Fresnos, TX 78566 USA. [Alexander, Heather D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Alexander, HD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM heather.alexander@msstate.edu FU Friends of Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge; Helen C. Kleberg Foundation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) FX Funding and support for this research were provided by the Friends of Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Robert J. Kleberg, Jr, and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). We are grateful for extensive field help from D. Brugger, L. Brugger, E. Verderber, R. Lyon, H. Frederick, K. Brown, B. Blihovde, S. Affeldt, C. Straway, C. Sebok, M. Mahala, A. White, C. Froehlich, R. Arney, T. Ferguson, G. Galy, C. Lopez, V. Lanaghan, Z. Sheikh, S. Nordlof, S. Hilton, M. Jimenez, M. Rodriguez, M. Rodriguez, G. Boeta, P. Watson, S. Delgado, T. Gomez, J. Vela, A. Sierra, J. Garcia, A. Saucedo, R. Maldonado, H. Pena, E. Ramos, and Y. Armas. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 24 IS 6 BP 785 EP 793 DI 10.1111/rec.12373 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EB4TH UT WOS:000387366100010 ER PT J AU Deslauriers, D Heironimus, L Chipps, SR AF Deslauriers, D. Heironimus, L. Chipps, S. R. TI Lethal Thermal Maxima for Age-0 Pallid and Shovelnose Sturgeon: Implications for Shallow Water Habitat Restoration SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE lethal thermal maxima; pallid sturgeon; shovelnose sturgeon; body size; temperature; shallow water habitat ID LOWER MISSOURI RIVER; TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; SCAPHIRHYNCHUS-ALBUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISH; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; FISHERIES; RESERVOIR; DAKOTA AB We evaluated temperature tolerance in age-0 pallid and shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus and Scaphirhynchus platorynchus), two species that occur sympatrically in the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. Fish (0.04-18g) were acclimated to water temperatures of 13, 18 or 24 degrees C to quantify temperatures associated with lethal thermal maxima (LTM). The results show that no difference in thermal tolerance existed between the two sturgeon species, but that LTM was significantly related to body mass and acclimation temperature. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate LTM, and outputs from the model were compared with water temperatures measured in the shallow water habitat (SWH) of the Missouri River. Observed SWH temperatures were not found to yield LTM conditions. The model developed here is to serve as a general guideline in the development of future SWH. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Deslauriers, D.] South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Deslauriers, D.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Heironimus, L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lodi Fish & Wildlife Off, Lodi, CA USA. [Chipps, S. R.] South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Deslauriers, D (reprint author), South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM david.deslauriers@umanitoba.ca FU South Dakota State University [A3958-01]; South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit by US Geological Survey, South Dakota State University, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish Parks; Wildlife Management Institute; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Army Corps of Engineers [MIPR W59XQG11641574] FX We would like to thank Alex Rosburg, Zach Jessee, Anna Robinson and Thomas Larson for technical assistance. We also thank Dana Krueger (Valentine Fish Hatchery) and Craig Bockholt (Gavin's Point National Fish Hatchery) for facilitating the procurement of fish. We would also like to thank Schuyler Sampson of the Nebraska Game and Parks Division and Todd Gemeinhardt of the US Army Corps of Engineers for making the environmental data available. All animals used in this study were reared according to animal use and care guidelines established by South Dakota State University (Animal Welfare Assurance no. A3958-01). The South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the US Geological Survey, South Dakota State University, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish & Parks, the Wildlife Management Institute and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. Funding for this project was provided by the US Army Corps of Engineers (MIPR W59XQG11641574). NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 32 IS 9 BP 1872 EP 1878 DI 10.1002/rra.3022 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA EB4JG UT WOS:000387336800005 ER PT J AU De Jager, NR Houser, JN AF De Jager, N. R. Houser, J. N. TI Patchiness in a Large Floodplain River: Associations Among Hydrology, Nutrients, and Fish Communities SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE blue gill; connectivity; diversity; hydrology; shiner; landscape; limnology ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; CONNECTIVITY; ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS; PATTERNS; PHYTOPLANKTON; RESTORATION; THRESHOLDS; LANDSCAPES; MANAGEMENT AB Large floodplain rivers have internal structures shaped by directions and rates of water movement. In a previous study, we showed that spatial variation in local current velocities and degrees of hydrological exchange creates a patch-work mosaic of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and ratios in the Upper Mississippi River. Here, we used long-term fish and limnological data sets to test the hypothesis that fish communities differ between the previously identified patches defined by high or low nitrogen to phosphorus ratios (TN:TP) and to determine the extent to which select limnological covariates might explain those differences. Species considered as habitat generalists were common in both patch types but were at least 2 times as abundant in low TN:TP patches. Dominance by these species resulted in lower diversity in low TN:TP patches, whereas an increased relative abundance of a number of rheophilic (flow-dependent) species resulted in higher diversity and a more even species distribution in high TN:TP patches. Of the limnological variables considered, the strongest predictor of fish species assemblage and diversity was water flow velocity, indicating that spatial patterns in water-mediated connectivity may act as the main driver of both local nutrient concentrations and fish community composition in these reaches. The coupling among hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biodiversity in these river reaches suggests that landscape-scale restoration projects that manipulate hydrogeomorphic patterns may also modify the spatial mosaic of nutrients and fish communities. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [De Jager, N. R.; Houser, J. N.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP De Jager, NR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ndejager@usgs.gov FU US Army Corps of Engineer's UMR Restoration Program FX Helpful comments on methodology and data analysis were received from Brian S. Ickes and Brent Knights, USGS. Funding for this research was made possible by the US Army Corps of Engineer's UMR Restoration Program. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 32 IS 9 BP 1915 EP 1926 DI 10.1002/rra.3026 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA EB4JG UT WOS:000387336800009 ER PT J AU Li, XC Yu, L Sohl, T Clinton, N Li, WY Zhu, ZL Liu, XP Gong, P AF Li, Xuecao Yu, Le Sohl, Terry Clinton, Nicholas Li, Wenyu Zhu, Zhiliang Liu, Xiaoping Gong, Peng TI A cellular automata downscaling based 1 km global land use datasets (2010-2100) SO SCIENCE BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE LULC modeling; Spatial downscaling; RCP scenarios; Urban expansion ID ARTIFICIAL IMMUNE-SYSTEMS; URBAN-GROWTH SIMULATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRANSITION RULES; SECONDARY LANDS; UNITED-STATES; WOOD-HARVEST; USE PATTERNS; MODEL; COVER AB Global climate and environmental change studies require detailed land-use and land-cover (LULC) information about the past, present, and future. In this paper, we discuss a methodology for downscaling coarse-resolution (i.e., half-degree) future land use scenarios to finer (i.e., 1 km) resolutions at the global scale using a grid-based spatially explicit cellular automata (CA) model. We account for spatial heterogeneity from topography, climate, soils, and socioeconomic variables. The model uses a global 30 m land cover map (2010) as the base input, a variety of biogeographic and socioeconomic variables, and an empirical analysis to downscale coarse-resolution land use information (specifically urban, crop and pasture). The output of this model offers the most current and finest-scale future LULC dynamics from 2010 to 2100 (with four representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios-RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, and RCP 8.5) at a 1 km resolution within a globally consistent framework. The data are freely available for download, and will enable researchers to study the impacts of LULC change at the local scale. C1 [Li, Xuecao; Yu, Le; Clinton, Nicholas; Li, Wenyu; Gong, Peng] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Yu, Le; Gong, Peng] Joint Ctr Global Change Studies, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Sohl, Terry] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Liu, Xiaoping] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Geog & Planning, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Liu, Xiaoping] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Guangdong Key Lab Urbanizat & Geosimulat, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Yu, L (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM leyu@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Yu, Le/C-3701-2008; OI Yu, Le/0000-0003-3115-2042; Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41301445]; Tsinghua University [20151080351]; Meteorological Public Benefit project of China [GYHY201506010] FX This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41301445); Research Grant from Tsinghua University (20151080351), and a Meteorological Public Benefit project of China (GYHY201506010). NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 7 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 2095-9273 EI 2095-9281 J9 SCI BULL JI Sci. Bull. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 61 IS 21 BP 1651 EP 1661 DI 10.1007/s11434-016-1148-1 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EB5KV UT WOS:000387414100004 ER PT J AU Stanko, ZP Boyce, SE Yeh, WWG AF Stanko, Zachary P. Boyce, Scott E. Yeh, William W. -G. TI Nonlinear model reduction of unconfined groundwater flow using POD and DEIM SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Model reduction; Unconfined flow; Proper orthogonal decomposition; Discrete empirical interpolation method; Nonlinear differential equations ID EMPIRICAL ORTHOGONAL FUNCTIONS; EQUATIONS; INTERPOLATION AB Nonlinear groundwater flow models have the propensity to be overly complex leading to burdensome computational demands. Reduced modeling techniques are used to develop an approximation of the original model that has smaller dimensionality and faster run times. The reduced model proposed is a combination of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and the discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM). Solutions of the full model (snapshots) are collected to represent the physical dynamics of the system and Galerkin projection allows the formulation of a reduced model that lies in a subspace of the full model. Interpolation points are added through DEIM to eliminate the reduced model's dependence on the dimension of the full model. POD is shown to effectively reduce the dimension of the full model and DEIM is shown to speed up the solution by further reducing the dimension of the nonlinear calculations. To show the concept can work for unconfined groundwater flow model, with added nonlinear forcings, one-dimensional and two-dimensional test cases are constructed in MODFLOW-OWHM. POD and DEIM are added to MODFLOW as a modular package. Comparing the POD and the POD-DEIM reduced models, the experimental results indicate similar reduction in dimension size with additional computation speed up for the added interpolation. The hyper-reduction method presented is effective for models that have fine discretization in space and/or time as well as nonlinearities with respect to the state variable. The dual reduction approach ensures that, once constructed, the reduced model can be solved in an equation system that depends only on reduced dimensions. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stanko, Zachary P.; Yeh, William W. -G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Boyce, Scott E.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Boyce, Scott E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Yeh, WWG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM williamy@seas.ucla.edu FU NSF [EAR-1314422]; AECOM endowment FX This material is based on work supported by NSF under Award EAR-1314422. Partial support also was provided by an AECOM endowment. The in-depth reviews and constructive comments provided by two anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 97 BP 130 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.09.005 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EA6XW UT WOS:000386773500011 ER PT J AU Kamp, J Koshkin, MA Bragina, TM Katzner, TE Milner-Gulland, EJ Schreiber, D Sheldon, R Shmalenko, A Smelansky, I Terraube, J Urazaliev, R AF Kamp, Johannes Koshkin, Maxim A. Bragina, Tatyana M. Katzner, Todd E. Milner-Gulland, E. J. Schreiber, Dagmar Sheldon, Robert Shmalenko, Alyona Smelansky, Ilya Terraube, Julien Urazaliev, Ruslan TI Persistent and novel threats to the biodiversity of Kazakhstan's steppes and semi-deserts SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Horizon scanning; Protected area; Land-use change; Grazing; Agriculture; Saiga tatarica ID FARMLAND BIRD POPULATIONS; SAIGA ANTELOPE; AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION; HABITAT HETEROGENEITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOVIET-UNION; CENTRAL-ASIA; KAZAKSTAN; CONSERVATION; DECLINES AB Temperate grasslands have suffered disproportionally from conversion to cropland, degradation and fragmentation. A large proportion of the world's remaining near-natural grassland is situated in Kazakhstan. We aimed to assess current and emerging threats to steppe and semi-desert biodiversity in Kazakhstan and evaluate conservation research priorities. We conducted a horizon-scanning exercise among conservationists from academia and practice. We first compiled a list of 45 potential threats. These were then ranked by the survey participants according to their perceived severity, the need for research on them, and their novelty. The highest-ranked threats were related to changes in land use (leading to habitat loss and deterioration), direct persecution of wildlife, and rapid infrastructure development due to economic and population growth. Research needs were identified largely in the same areas, and the mean scores of threat severity and research need were highly correlated. Novel threats comprised habitat loss by photovoltaic and wind power stations, climate change and changes in agriculture such as the introduction of biofuels. However, novelty was not correlated with threat severity or research priority, suggesting that the most severe threats are the established ones. Important goals towards more effective steppe and semi-desert conservation in Kazakhstan include more cross-sector collaboration (e.g. by involving stakeholders in conservation and agriculture), greater allocation of funds to under-staffed areas (e.g. protected area management), better representativeness and complementarity in the protected area system and enhanced data collection for wildlife monitoring and threat assessments (including the use of citizen-science databases). C1 [Kamp, Johannes] Univ Munster, Inst Landscape Ecol, Heisenbergstr 2, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Koshkin, Maxim A.] Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Bragina, Tatyana M.] Kostanay State Univ, Baitursynov Str 47, Kostanay 110000, Kazakhstan. [Bragina, Tatyana M.] Naurzum State Nat Reserve, Baitursynov Str 47, Kostanay 110000, Kazakhstan. [Katzner, Todd E.] US Geol Survey, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Milner-Gulland, E. J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Tinbergen Bldg,South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Schreiber, Dagmar] Kasachstanreisen, Bizetstr 134, D-13088 Berlin, Germany. [Sheldon, Robert] RSPB, Ornithol Soc Middle East & Cent Asia OSME, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, England. [Shmalenko, Alyona; Urazaliev, Ruslan] ACBK, 18 Beibitshilik St,Off 406, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan. [Smelansky, Ilya] Sibecocenter, POB 547, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Terraube, Julien] Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Univ Hill, Turku 20014, Finland. RP Kamp, J (reprint author), Univ Munster, Inst Landscape Ecol, Heisenbergstr 2, D-48149 Munster, Germany. EM johannes.kamp@uni-muenster.de OI Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 FU Volkswagen Foundation, project BALTRAK [A112025] FX We thank Sarah Robinson, Navinder Singh and two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments, and Marina Chirikova and Til Dieterich for providing literature. Authors AS and RU were funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, project BALTRAK (Project Ref-No. A112025). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 130 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 23 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 25 IS 12 SI SI BP 2521 EP 2541 DI 10.1007/s10531-016-1083-0 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EA3KI UT WOS:000386500700017 ER PT J AU Richardson, JS Wipfli, MS AF Richardson, John S. Wipfli, Mark S. TI Getting quantitative about consequences of cross-ecosystem resource subsidies on recipient consumers SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ALDER ALNUS-RUBRA; FOOD-WEB; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; STREAM PRODUCTIVITY; TROPHIC CASCADES; RIPARIAN FORESTS; SALMON; LIMITATION; MACROINVERTEBRATE; COMMUNITIES AB Most studies of cross-ecosystem resource subsidies have demonstrated positive effects on recipient consumer populations, often with very large effect sizes. However, it is important to move beyond these initial addition-exclusion experiments to consider the quantitative consequences for populations across gradients in the rates and quality of resource inputs. In our introduction to this special issue, we describe at least four potential models that describe functional relationships between subsidy input rates and consumer responses, most of them asymptotic. Here we aim to advance our quantitative understanding of how subsidy inputs influence recipient consumers and their communities. In the papers following, fish were either the recipient consumers or the subsidy as carcasses of anadromous species. Advancing general, predictive models will enable us to further consider what other factors are potentially co-limiting (e.g., nutrients, other population interactions, physical habitat, etc.) and better integrate resource subsidies into consumer-resource, biophysical dynamics models. C1 [Richardson, John S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest & Conservat Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T IZ4, Canada. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Richardson, JS (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest & Conservat Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T IZ4, Canada. EM John.Richardson@ubc.ca NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 73 IS 11 BP 1609 EP 1615 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0242 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EA5PY UT WOS:000386674900001 ER PT J AU Weaver, DM Coghlan, SM Zydlewski, J AF Weaver, Daniel M. Coghlan, Stephen M., Jr. Zydlewski, Joseph TI Sea lamprey carcasses exert local and variable food web effects in a nutrient-limited Atlantic coastal stream SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SPAWNING MIGRATION; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; ALASKA STREAMS; PACIFIC SALMON; DESERT STREAM; COMMUNITIES; LIMITATION; SUBSIDIES AB Resource flows from adjacent ecosystems are critical in maintaining structure and function of freshwater food webs. Migrating sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) deliver a pulsed marine-derived nutrient subsidy to rivers in spring when the metabolic demand of producers and consumers are increasing. However, the spatial and temporal dynamics of these nutrient subsidies are not well characterized. We used sea lamprey carcass additions in a small stream to examine changes in nutrients, primary productivity, and nutrient assimilation among consumers. Algal biomass increased 57%-71% immediately adjacent to carcasses; however, broader spatial changes from multiple-site carcass addition may have been influenced by canopy cover. We detected assimilation of nutrients (via delta C-13 and delta N-15) among several macroinvertebrate families including Heptageniidae, Hydropsychidae, and Perlidae. Our research suggests that subsidies may evoke localized patch-scale effects on food webs, and the pathways of assimilation in streams are likely coupled to adjacent terrestrial systems. This research underscores the importance of connectivity in streams, which may influence sea lamprey spawning and elicit varying food web responses from carcass subsidies due to fine-scale habitat variables. C1 [Weaver, Daniel M.; Coghlan, Stephen M., Jr.; Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Weaver, DM (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM daniel.weaver@maine.edu NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 73 IS 11 BP 1616 EP 1625 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0506 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EA5PY UT WOS:000386674900002 ER PT J AU Rine, KM Wipfli, MS Schoen, ER Nightengale, TL Stricker, CA AF Rine, Kristin M. Wipfli, Mark S. Schoen, Erik R. Nightengale, Timothy L. Stricker, Craig A. TI Trophic pathways supporting juvenile Chinook and coho salmon in the glacial Susitna River, Alaska: patterns of freshwater, marine, and terrestrial food resource use across a seasonally dynamic habitat mosaic SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSES; LENGTH-MASS RELATIONSHIPS; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; PACIFIC SALMON; AQUATIC INSECTS; ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; STREAM INVERTEBRATES; ATLANTIC SALMON AB Contributions of terrestrial-, freshwater-, and marine-derived prey resources to stream fishes vary over time and space, altering the energy pathways that regulate production. In this study, we determined large-scale use of these resources by juvenile Chinook and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and Oncorhynchus kisutch, respectively) in the glacial Susitna River, Alaska. We resolved spatial and temporal trophic patterns among multiple macrohabitat types along a 97 km segment of the river corridor via stable isotope and stomach content analyses. Juvenile salmon were supported primarily by freshwater-derived resources and secondarily by marine and terrestrial sources. The relative contribution of marine-derived prey to rearing salmon was greatest in the fall within off-channel macrohabitats, whereas the contributions of terrestrial invertebrate prey were generally greatest during midsummer, across all macrohabitats. No longitudinal (upstream-downstream) diet pattern was discernable. These results highlight large-scale spatial and seasonal patterns of energy flow and the dynamic interplay of pulsed marine and terrestrial prey subsidies to juvenile Chinook and coho salmon in a large, complex, and relatively pristine glacial river. C1 [Rine, Kristin M.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Schoen, Erik R.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Nightengale, Timothy L.] R2 Resource Consultants Inc, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Rine, KM (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM rinek44@gmail.com NR 118 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 73 IS 11 BP 1626 EP 1641 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0555 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EA5PY UT WOS:000386674900003 ER PT J AU Roon, DA Wipfli, MS Wurtz, TL Blanchard, AL AF Roon, David A. Wipfli, Mark S. Wurtz, Tricia L. Blanchard, Arny L. TI Invasive European bird cherry (Prunus padus) reduces terrestrial prey subsidies to urban Alaskan salmon streams SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ENEMY RELEASE HYPOTHESIS; FOOD WEBS; RIPARIAN ZONES; HEADWATER STREAM; NITROGEN-SOURCES; AQUATIC INSECTS; TROPHIC LEVELS; RAINBOW-TROUT; LEAF-LITTER; INVERTEBRATES AB The spread of invasive species in riparian forests has the potential to affect both terrestrial and aquatic organisms linked through cross-ecosystem resource subsidies. However, this potential had not been explored in regards to terrestrial prey subsidies for stream fishes. To address this, we examined the effects of an invasive riparian tree, European bird cherry (EBC, Prunus padus), spreading along urban Alaskan salmon streams, by collecting terrestrial invertebrates present on the foliage of riparian trees, their subsidies to streams, and their consumption by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Riparian EBC supported four to six times less terrestrial invertebrate biomass on its foliage and contributed two to three times lower subsidies relative to native deciduous trees. This reduction in terrestrial invertebrate biomass was consistent between two watersheds over 2 years. In spite of this reduction in terrestrial prey resource input, juvenile coho salmon consumed similar levels of terrestrial invertebrates in stream reaches bordered by EBC. Although we did not see ecological effects extending to stream salmonids, reduced terrestrial prey subsidies to streams are likely to have negative consequences as EBC continues to spread. C1 [Roon, David A.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wurtz, Tricia L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Program, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Blanchard, Arny L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Roon, DA (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM david.roon@oregonstate.edu NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 73 IS 11 BP 1679 EP 1690 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0548 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EA5PY UT WOS:000386674900008 ER PT J AU Wetherbee, GA Mast, MA AF Wetherbee, Gregory A. Mast, M. Alisa TI Annual variations in wet-deposition chemistry related to changes in climate SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Climate; Precipitation; NADP; Snow; Wet deposition ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; LONG-TERM TRENDS; PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; NORTH-AMERICA; NITRIC-ACID; SNOW-COVER; AMMONIA CONCENTRATIONS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; DRY DEPOSITION AB National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP)/National Trends Network precipitation type, snow-season duration, and annual timing of selected chemical wet-deposition maxima vary with latitude and longitude within a 35-year (1979-2013) data record for the contiguous United States and Alaska. From the NADP data collected within the region bounded by 35.6645A degrees-48.782A degrees north latitude and 124A degrees-68A degrees west longitude, similarities in latitudinal and longitudinal patterns of changing snow-season duration, fraction of annual precipitation recorded as snow, and the timing of chemical wet-deposition maxima, suggest that the chemical climate of the atmosphere is linked to physical changes in climate. Total annual precipitation depth has increased 4-6 % while snow season duration has decreased from approximately 7 to 21 days across most of the USA, except in higher elevation regions where it has increased by as much as 21 days. Snow-season precipitation is increasingly comprised of snow, but annually total precipitation is increasingly comprised of liquid precipitation. Meanwhile, maximum ammonium deposition occurs as much as 27 days earlier, and the maximum nitrate: sulfate concentration ratio in wet-deposition occurs approximately 10-21 days earlier in the year. The maximum crustal (calcium + magnesium + potassium) cation deposition occurs 2-35 days earlier in the year. The data suggest that these shifts in the timing of atmospheric wet deposition are linked to a warming climate, but the ecological consequences are uncertain. C1 [Wetherbee, Gregory A.] US Geol Survey, Off Water Qual, Branch Qual Syst, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 401,Bldg 95,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mast, M. Alisa] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 415,Bldg 53,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wetherbee, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Water Qual, Branch Qual Syst, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 401,Bldg 95,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM wetherbe@usgs.gov; mamast@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Networks and Analysis Program FX George F. Ritz (USGS) and Thomas G. Huntington (USGS) are gratefully acknowledged for their invaluable technical and editorial reviews of the manuscript. Jill Baron (USGS) provided appreciated technical consultation. Four anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for significant improvements to this study and the manuscript. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Networks and Analysis Program. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 47 IS 9-10 BP 3141 EP 3155 DI 10.1007/s00382-016-3017-7 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DZ7QV UT WOS:000386062000025 ER PT J AU Hauser, D Glennie, C Brooks, B AF Hauser, Darren Glennie, Craig Brooks, Benjamin TI Calibration and Accuracy Analysis of a Low-Cost Mapping-Grade Mobile Laser Scanning System SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Mobile laser scanning; Terrestrial laser scanning; Lidar; Global navigation satellite system (GNSS); inertial navigation system (INS) integration; Accuracy analysis ID VELODYNE HDL-64E S2; PERFORMANCE AB The calibration and accuracy analysis of a novel, low-cost, adaptable mobile laser scanning (MLS) system using a Velodyne HDL-32E laser scanner and an Oxford Technical Solutions Inertial+2 inertial navigation system, is described. First, a static calibration of the laser scanner is discussed. The static calibration is shown to improve the overall relative accuracy of point cloud data from the scanner by approximately 20% over the manufacturer-supplied calibration. Then, the determination of system boresight angles and lever-arm offsets using a planar patch least-squares approach is presented. Finally, the calibrated and boresighted MLS is operated in a backpack mode to acquire multiple data sets in an area that contains dense ground control acquired using static terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and a high-end, survey-grade MLS. The dense ground control is used to examine several methods of estimating the overall errors of the backpack MLS system. Detailed comparison of the MLS data with the TLS and survey-grade MLS control shows that, despite the system's low cost, it is able to reliably collect point cloud data with greater than 10-cm three-dimensional root-mean-square error accuracy. (C) 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Hauser, Darren; Glennie, Craig] Univ Houston, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, N107 Engn Bldg 1, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Brooks, Benjamin] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Brooks, Benjamin] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hauser, D (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, N107 Engn Bldg 1, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM dlhauser@uh.edu; clglennie@uh.edu; bbrooks@usgs.gov FU National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM) from the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Division of Earth Sciences, Instrumentation and Facilities Program [EAR 1043051]; Cullen College of Engineering at the University of Houston; Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI); Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) program of the California Energy Commission [500-09-035] FX Support, through a research assistantship from the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM), through a grant from the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Division of Earth Sciences, Instrumentation and Facilities Program (EAR 1043051), and a teaching assistantship from the Cullen College of Engineering at the University of Houston, for the first author, are acknowledged. The second author was partially supported by a research grant from the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI). The purchase and development of the mapping-grade mobile laser scanning system was funded by the Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) program of the California Energy Commission (Grant 500-09-035) to the School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology at the University of Hawaii. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9453 EI 1943-5428 J9 J SURV ENG JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV PY 2016 VL 142 IS 4 AR UNSP 04016011 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000178 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA EA1RP UT WOS:000386369900003 ER PT J AU Bowker, MA Antoninka, AJ AF Bowker, Matthew A. Antoninka, Anita J. TI Rapid ex situ culture of N-fixing soil lichens and biocrusts is enhanced by complementarity SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Arid; Cryptobiotic soils; Ecological restoration; Nitrogen fixation; Semi-arid; Species interactions ID ARID-LANDS; TEMPERATURE RESPONSES; COLORADO PLATEAU; SOUTHERN UTAH; WATER-CONTENT; CO2 EXCHANGE; CRUSTS; MOSS; DISTURBANCE; REHABILITATION AB Rehabilitation of biological soil crusts (biocrusts) in degraded drylands may facilitate ecosystem recovery. In order to rehabilitate biocrusts, ex situ culture methods for biocrust organisms must be optimized so that biocrusts may be grown in sufficient quantities to be reintroduced into degraded areas. Our goal was to improve these culture methods. We cultured six biocrust lichens and mosses, alone or in combinations, in a full-factorial greenhouse experiment, also manipulating water quality and hydration schedule. All cultures produced a multi-species biocrust. The lichen Collema grew fastest, increasing by up to 238 % over 5 months. The mosses Syntrichia caninervis, and Syntrichia ruralis also grew, whereas other lichen species failed to maintain growth. Species combinations featuring Collema and both mosses exhibited greater growth rates for all species, compared to monocultures. All species were either unaffected by water quality, or performed better when irrigated with purer water. Several species responded favorably to shorter dry periods. The lichen Collema is a promising restoration material because of its culturability, and its N-fixation ability. Initial species composition of a culture will likely affect its success, and complementarity among species may be exploitable in order to produce inoculum faster. C1 [Bowker, Matthew A.; Antoninka, Anita J.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, 200 East Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Bowker, Matthew A.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Antoninka, Anita J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, CB 334 Ramaley N285, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bowker, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM matthew.bowker@nau.edu FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [RC-2329]; Northern Arizona University's Faculty Grants Program; Bureau of Land Management Colorado State Office FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (Grant number RC-2329; Department of Defense, Department of Energy, and Environmental Protection Agency), Northern Arizona University's Faculty Grants Program, and the Bureau of Land Management Colorado State Office. Technical assistance was provided by Jeff Wright, Hilda Smith, and Phil Patterson. We thank Hill Air Force Base Utah Test and Training Range, and Russell Lawrence (Natural Resources Division) for facilitating access to field sites. We thank Drs. Thomas Kuyper, Ted Melis, Barbara Ralston, Jim Grace, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive feedback on early drafts. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for information purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD NOV PY 2016 VL 408 IS 1-2 BP 415 EP 428 DI 10.1007/s11104-016-2929-7 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA EA7CV UT WOS:000386787000029 ER PT J AU Petersen, MD Mueller, CS Moschetti, MP Hoover, SM Llenos, AL Ellsworth, WL Michael, AJ Rubinstein, JL McGarr, AF Rukstales, KS AF Petersen, Mark D. Mueller, Charles S. Moschetti, Morgan P. Hoover, Susan M. Llenos, Andrea L. Ellsworth, William L. Michael, Andrew J. Rubinstein, Justin L. McGarr, Arthur F. Rukstales, Kenneth S. TI Seismic-Hazard Forecast for 2016 Including Induced and Natural Earthquakes in the Central and Eastern United States SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER INJECTION; FLUID-INJECTION; GROUND-MOTION; TRIGGERED EARTHQUAKE; OKLAHOMA; SEQUENCE; OHIO; ARKANSAS; COLORADO; INCREASE AB The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has produced a one-year (2016) probabilistic seismic-hazard assessment for the central and eastern United States (CEUS) that includes contributions from both induced and natural earthquakes that are constructed with probabilistic methods using alternative data and inputs. This hazard assessment builds on our 2016 final model (Petersen et al., 2016) by adding sensitivity studies, illustrating hazard in new ways, incorporating new population data, and discussing potential improvements. The model considers short-term seismic activity rates (primarily 2014-2015) and assumes that the activity rates will remain stationary over short time intervals. The final model considers different ways of categorizing induced and natural earthquakes by incorporating two equally weighted earthquake rate submodels that are composed of alternative earthquake inputs for catalog duration, smoothing parameters, maximum magnitudes, and ground-motion models. These alternatives represent uncertainties on how we calculate earthquake occurrence and the diversity of opinion within the science community. In this article, we also test sensitivity to the minimum moment magnitude between M4 and M 4.7 and the choice of applying a declustered catalog with b = 1.0 rather than the full catalog with b = 1.3. We incorporate two earthquake rate submodels: in the informed submodel we classify earthquakes as induced or natural, and in the adaptive submodel we do not differentiate. The alternative submodel hazard maps both depict high hazard and these are combined in the final model. Results depict several ground-shaking measures as well as intensity and include maps showing a high-hazard level (1% probability of exceedance in 1 year or greater). Ground motions reach 0.6g horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA) in north-central Oklahoma and southern Kansas, and about 0.2g PGA in the Raton basin of Colorado and New Mexico, in central Arkansas, and in north-central Texas near Dallas-Fort Worth. The chance of having levels of ground motions corresponding to modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) VI or greater earthquake shaking is 2%-12% per year in north-central Oklahoma and southern Kansas and New Madrid similar to the chance of damage at sites in high-hazard portions of California caused by natural earthquakes. Hazard is also significant in the Raton basin of Colorado/New Mexico; north-central Arkansas; Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas; and in a few other areas. Hazard probabilities are much lower (by about half or more) for exceeding MMI VII or VIII. Hazard is 3- to 10-fold higher near some areas of active-induced earthquakes than in the 2014 USGS National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM), which did not consider induced earthquakes. This study in conjunction with the LandScan TM Database (2013) indicates that about 8 million people live in areas of active injection wells that have a greater than 1% chance of experiencing damaging ground shaking (MMI >= VI) in 2016. The final model has high uncertainty, and engineers, regulators, and industry should use these assessments cautiously to make informed decisions on mitigating the potential effects of induced and natural earthquakes. C1 [Petersen, Mark D.; Mueller, Charles S.; Moschetti, Morgan P.; Hoover, Susan M.; Rukstales, Kenneth S.] US Geol Survey, MS 966,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Llenos, Andrea L.; Ellsworth, William L.; Michael, Andrew J.; Rubinstein, Justin L.; McGarr, Arthur F.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ellsworth, William L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, 397 Panama Mall,Mitchell Bldg,Room 373B, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Petersen, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 966,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mpetersen@usgs.gov OI Rubinstein, Justin/0000-0003-1274-6785 NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1327 EP 1341 DI 10.1785/0220160072 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EA8NN UT WOS:000386892500011 ER PT J AU Chen, R Jaiswal, KS Bausch, D Seligson, H Wills, CJ AF Chen, R. Jaiswal, K. S. Bausch, D. Seligson, H. Wills, C. J. TI Annualized Earthquake Loss Estimates for California and Their Sensitivity to Site Amplification SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-MOTION VARIABILITY; SEISMIC HAZARD; UNITED-STATES; LOSS MODELS; UNCERTAINTY; MAP AB Input datasets for annualized earthquake loss (AEL) estimation for California were updated recently by the scientific community, and include the National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM), site-response model, and estimates of shear-wave velocity. Additionally, the Federal Emergency Management Agency's loss estimation tool, Hazus, was updated to include the most recent census and economic exposure data. These enhancements necessitated a revisit to our previous AEL estimates and a study of the sensitivity of AEL estimates subjected to alternate inputs for site amplification. The NSHMground motions for a uniform site condition are modified to account for the effect of local nearsurface geology. The site conditions are approximated in three ways: (1) by V-S30 (time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 m) value obtained from a geology-and topographybased map consisting of 15 V-S30 groups, (2) by site classes categorized according to National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site classification, and (3) by a uniform NEHRP site class D. In case 1, ground motions are amplified using the Seyhan and Stewart (2014) semiempirical nonlinear amplification model. In cases 2 and 3, ground motions are amplified using the 2014 version of the NEHRP site amplification factors, which are also based on the Seyhan and Stewart model but are approximated to facilitate their use for building code applications. Estimated AELs are presented at multiple resolutions, starting with the state level assessment and followed by detailed assessments for counties, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), and cities. AEL estimate at the state level is similar to 3.7 billion, 70% of which is contributed from Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, and Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSAs. The statewide AEL estimate is insensitive to alternate assumptions of site amplification. However, we note significant differences in AEL estimates among the three sensitivity cases for smaller geographic units. C1 [Chen, R.; Wills, C. J.] Calif Geol Survey, 801 K St,MS 12-32, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Jaiswal, K. S.] US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 966, Golden, CO 80225 USA. [Bausch, D.] Pacific Disaster Ctr, 1305 North Holopono St,Suite 2, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Seligson, H.] Seligson Consulting, 320 La Jolla St, Long Beach, CA 90803 USA. RP Chen, R (reprint author), Calif Geol Survey, 801 K St,MS 12-32, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. EM rui.chen@conservation.ca.gov; kjaiswal@usgs.gov; dbausch@pdc.org; haseligson@gmail.com; chris.wills@conservation.ca.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1363 EP 1372 DI 10.1785/0220160099 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EA8NN UT WOS:000386892500014 ER PT J AU Chen, C Holland, AA AF Chen, Chen Holland, Austin A. TI PhasePApy: A Robust Pure Python Package for Automatic Identification of Seismic Phases SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; P-PHASE; PICKER DEVELOPMENTS; TIME-SERIES; PICKING; OPTIMIZATION; SEISMOGRAMS; RECORDINGS; ALGORITHMS AB We developed a Python phase identification package: the PhasePApy for earthquake data processing and near-real-time monitoring. The package takes advantage of the growing number of Python libraries including Obspy. All the data formats supported by Obspy can be supported within the PhasePApy. The PhasePApy has two subpackages: the PhasePicker and the Associator, aiming to identify phase arrival onsets and associate them to phase types, respectively. The PhasePicker and the Associator can work jointly or separately. Three autopickers are implemented in the PhasePicker subpackage: the frequency-band picker, the Akaike information criteria function derivative picker, and the kurtosis picker. All three autopickers identify picks with the same processing methods but different characteristic functions. The PhasePicker triggers the pick with a dynamic threshold and can declare a pick with false-pick filtering. Also, the PhasePicker identifies a pick polarity and uncertainty for further seismological analysis, such as focal mechanism determination. Two associators are included in the Associator subpackage: the 1D Associator and 3D Associator, which assign phase types to picks that can best fit potential earthquakes by minimizing root mean square (rms) residuals of the misfits in distance and time, respectively. The Associator processes multiple picks from all channels at a seismic station and aggregates them to increase computational efficiencies. Both associators use travel-time look up tables to determine the best estimation of the earthquake location and evaluate the phase type for picks. The PhasePApy package has been used extensively for local and regional earthquakes and can work for active source experiments as well. C1 [Chen, Chen] Univ Oklahoma, ConocoPhillips Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Holland, Austin A.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, POB 82010, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. [Chen, Chen; Holland, Austin A.] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Geol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Chen, C (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, ConocoPhillips Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM c.chen@ou.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1384 EP 1396 DI 10.1785/0220160019 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EA8NN UT WOS:000386892500018 ER PT J AU Shillington, DJ Gaherty, JB Ebinger, CJ Scholz, CA Selway, K Nyblade, AA Bedrosian, PA Class, C Nooner, SL Pritchard, ME Elliott, J Chindandali, PRN Mbogoni, G Ferdinand, RW Boniface, N Manya, S Kamihanda, G Saria, E Mulibo, G Salima, J Mruma, A Kalindekafe, L Accardo, NJ Ntambila, D Kachingwe, M Mesko, GT McCartney, T Maquay, M O'Don-Nell, JP Tepp, G Mtelela, K Trin-Hammer, P Wood, D Aaron, E Gibaud, M Rapa, M Pfeifer, C Mphepo, F Gondwe, D Arroyo, G Eddy, C Kamoga, B Moshi, M AF Shillington, Donna J. Gaherty, James B. Ebinger, Cynthia J. Scholz, Christopher A. Selway, Kate Nyblade, Andrew A. Bedrosian, Paul A. Class, Cornelia Nooner, Scott L. Pritchard, Matthew E. Elliott, Julie Chindandali, Patrick R. N. Mbogoni, Gaby Ferdinand, Richard Wambura Boniface, Nelson Manya, Shukrani Kamihanda, Godson Saria, Elifuraha Mulibo, Gabriel Salima, Jalf Mruma, Abdul Kalindekafe, Leonard Accardo, Natalie J. Ntambila, Daud Kachingwe, Marsella Mesko, Gary T. McCartney, Tannis Maquay, Melania O'Don-Nell, J. P. Tepp, Gabrielle Mtelela, Khalfan Trin-Hammer, Per Wood, Douglas Aaron, Ernest Gibaud, Mark Rapa, Martin Pfeifer, Cathy Mphepo, Felix Gondwe, Duncan Arroyo, Gabriella Eddy, Celia Kamoga, Brian Moshi, Mary TI Acquisition of a Unique Onshore/Offshore Geophysical and Geochemical Dataset in the Northern Malawi (Nyasa) Rift SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC-REFLECTION DATA; FOCUSED MAGMATIC ACCRETION; EAST-AFRICA; LAKE MALAWI; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; WESTERN BRANCH; OKAVANGO RIFT; EARTHQUAKES; SYSTEM; FAULT AB The Study of Extension and maGmatism in Malawi aNd Tanzania (SEGMeNT) project acquired a comprehensive suite of geophysical and geochemical datasets across the northern Malawi (Nyasa) rift in the East Africa rift system. Onshore/offshore active and passive seismic data, long-period and wideband magnetotelluric data, continuous Global Positioning System data, and geochemical samples were acquired between 2012 and 2016. This combination of data is intended to elucidate the sedimentary, crustal, and upper-mantle architecture of the rift, patterns of active deformation, and the origin and age of rift-related magmatism. A unique component of our program was the acquisition of seismic data in Lake Malawi, including seismic reflection, onshore/offshore wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction, and broadband seismic data from lake-bottom seismometers, a towed streamer, and a large towed air-gun source. C1 [Shillington, Donna J.; Gaherty, James B.; Selway, Kate; Class, Cornelia; Nooner, Scott L.; Accardo, Natalie J.; Mesko, Gary T.; Eddy, Celia] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Ebinger, Cynthia J.; Tepp, Gabrielle] Univ Rochester, Earth & Environm Sci, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Scholz, Christopher A.; McCartney, Tannis; Wood, Douglas] Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Selway, Kate] Univ Oslo, Ctr Earth Evolut & Dynam, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Nyblade, Andrew A.; Kachingwe, Marsella; O'Don-Nell, J. P.; Arroyo, Gabriella] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bedrosian, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Nooner, Scott L.] Univ North Carolina Wilmington, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Pritchard, Matthew E.] Cornell Univ, Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Elliott, Julie] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Chindandali, Patrick R. N.; Salima, Jalf; Mphepo, Felix; Gondwe, Duncan] Malawi Geol Survey Dept, Zomba, Malawi. [Mbogoni, Gaby; Kamihanda, Godson; Mruma, Abdul] Geol Survey Tanzania, Dodoma, Tanzania. [Ferdinand, Richard Wambura; Boniface, Nelson; Manya, Shukrani; Mulibo, Gabriel; Maquay, Melania; Mtelela, Khalfan; Kamoga, Brian; Moshi, Mary] Univ Dar Es Salaam, Dept Geol, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Saria, Elifuraha; Ntambila, Daud] Ardhi Univ, Sch Geospatial Sci & Technol, Dept Geomat, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Kalindekafe, Leonard] Malawi Univ Sci & Technol, Ndata Sch Climate & Earth Sci, Limbe, Malawi. [O'Don-Nell, J. P.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Trin-Hammer, Per] Aarhus Univ, Dept Geosci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Aaron, Ernest; Gibaud, Mark; Rapa, Martin] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Pfeifer, Cathy] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Portable Array Seism Studies Continental Lithosph, IRIS, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Shillington, DJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM djs@ldeo.columbia.edu OI McCartney, Tannis/0000-0002-5082-2390 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-1109293, 1109302, 1109512, 1110882, 1110921]; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University FX Funding for this program was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through Awards EAR-1109293, 1109302, 1109512, 1110882, and 1110921, and by Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University. Acquisition of this large and complex dataset would not have been possible without the support from communities in our study area, national and regional governmental entities in Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia, and administrative and technical support from institutes, companies and geological surveys in the United States, Malawi, Tanzania, Denmark, and Canada. We gratefully acknowledge the captains and crews of the Katundu, Ndunduma, and Chilembwe, the drivers of field vehicles, and the many other people who assisted in data acquisition onshore. We particularly wish to acknowledge Jim Normandeau and others at UNAVCO; Noel Barstow, Jackie Gonzales, and others at the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Portable Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere (PASSCAL) Instrument Center; Jeff Babcock and others at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Institutional Instrument Contributor within the Ocean Bottom Seismograph Instrument Pool; Marius Lengkeek, Ben Millson and RoryMacDonald at Lengkeek Vessel Engineering, Inc.; Christian Marcussen at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland; Alcides Pessoa, Carlos Lima, Jose Denis, Roberto Ferraira, and others atMalawi Shipping Company/ Mota Engil; Noormohamed and Navida Abdoul at Arya Logistics; Aly and Hamida Lalji at Kanji Lalji Ltd.; David Mosher at the Geological Survey of Canada; Majura Songo at University of Dar es Salaam; and Jimand Joyce McGill. Finally, we thank Kasey Aderhold, Jared Peacock, Associate Editor Zhigang Peng, Danielle Sumy, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments that improved this contribution. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1406 EP 1416 DI 10.1785/0220160112 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EA8NN UT WOS:000386892500020 ER PT J AU Choy, GL Rubinstein, JL Yeck, WL McNamara, DE Mueller, CS Boyd, OS AF Choy, George L. Rubinstein, Justin L. Yeck, William L. McNamara, Daniel E. Mueller, Charles S. Boyd, Oliver S. TI A Rare Moderate- Sized ( M-w 4.9) Earthquake in Kansas: Rupture Process of the Milan, Kansas, Earthquake of 12 November 2014 and Its Relationship to Fluid Injection SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; INDUCED SEISMICITY; UNITED-STATES; OKLAHOMA; SEQUENCE; COLORADO; TEXAS; FAULT; AREA AB The largest recorded earthquake in Kansas occurred northeast of Milan on 12 November 2014 (M-w 4.9) in a region previously devoid of significant seismic activity. Applying multistation processing to data from local stations, we are able to detail the rupture process and rupture geometry of the mainshock, identify the causative fault plane, and delineate the expansion and extent of the subsequent seismic activity. The earthquake followed rapid increases of fluid injection by multiple wastewater injection wells in the vicinity of the fault. The source parameters and behavior of the Milan earthquake and foreshock- aftershock sequence are similar to characteristics of other earthquakes induced by wastewater injection into permeable formations overlying crystalline basement. This earthquake also provides an opportunity to test the empirical relation that uses felt area to estimate moment magnitude for historical earthquakes for Kansas. C1 [Choy, George L.; Yeck, William L.; McNamara, Daniel E.; Mueller, Charles S.; Boyd, Oliver S.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046 MS 966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Rubinstein, Justin L.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Choy, GL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046 MS 966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM choy@usgs.gov; jrubinstein@usgs.gov; wyeck@usgs.gov; mcnamara@usgs.gov; cmueller@usgs.gov; olboyd@usgs.gov OI Rubinstein, Justin/0000-0003-1274-6785 FU U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. The authors are grateful to Morgan Moschetti, Jill McCarthy, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful and constructive comments that greatly improved the article; to Robert Herrmann for providing his velocity model for the region; to Robert Williams, James Dewey, Chris Cramer, and Elizabeth Hearn for insightful discussions; to Lynn Watney of the Kansas Geological Survey for details of southern Kansas geology; and to Harley Benz for foresight and management in deploying additional seismographs in southern Kansas in response to increasing seismicity. We thank Ryan Hoffman and Lane Palmateer of the Conservation Division of the Kansas Corporation Commission (KCC) for their prompt response to data requests. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1433 EP 1441 DI 10.1785/0220160100 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EA8NN UT WOS:000386892500023 ER PT J AU Odum, JK Williams, RA Stephenson, WJ Tuttle, MP Al-Shukri, H AF Odum, Jack K. Williams, Robert A. Stephenson, William J. Tuttle, Martitia P. Al-Shukri, Hadar TI Preliminary Assessment of a Previously Unknown Fault Zone beneath the Daytona Beach Sand Blow Cluster near Marianna, Arkansas SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MADRID SEISMIC ZONE; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI EMBAYMENT; REELFOOT RIFT; SEISMOTECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; ALLUVIAL VALLEY; EARTHQUAKES; NORTH; TENNESSEE; FEATURES AB We collected new high-resolution P-wave seismic-reflection data to explore for possible faults beneath a roughly linear cluster of early to mid-Holocene earthquake-induced sand blows to the south of Marianna, Arkansas. The Daytona Beach sand blow deposits are located in east-central Arkansas about 75 km southwest of Memphis, Tennessee, and about 80 km south of the southwestern end of the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ). Previous studies of these sand blows indicate that they were produced between 10,500 and 5350 yr B.P. (before A.D. 1950). The sand blows are large and similar in size to those in the heart of the NMSZ produced by the 18111812 earthquakes. The seismic-reflection profiles reveal a previously unknown zone of near-vertical faults imaged in the 100-1100-m depth range that are approximately coincident with a cluster of earthquake-induced sand blows and a near-linear surface lineament composed of air photo tonal anomalies. These interpreted faults are expressed as vertical discontinuities with the largest displacement fault showing about 40 m of west-side-up displacement at the top of the Paleozoic section at about 1100 m depth. There are about 20 m of folding on reflections within the Eocene strata at 400 m depth. Increasing fault displacement with depth suggests long-term recurrent faulting. The imaged faults within the vicinity of the numerous sand blow features could be a causative earthquake source, although it does not rule out the possibility of other seismic sources nearby. These newly located faults add to a growing list of potentially active Pleistocene-Holocene faults discovered over the last two decades that are within the Mississippi embayment region but outside of the historical NMSZ. C1 [Odum, Jack K.; Williams, Robert A.; Stephenson, William J.] US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Tuttle, Martitia P.] M Tuttle & Associates, POB 345, Georgetown, ME 04548 USA. [Al-Shukri, Hadar] Univ Arkansas, Dept Appl Sci, 2801 South Univ Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. RP Odum, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM odum@usgs.gov; mptuttle@earthlink.net; hjalshukri@ualr.edu FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program FX We thank the following individuals for their assistance in acquiring the Marianna, Arkansas, seismic-reflection profiles: David Worley, Joseph Maharrey, Natasha McCallister, Dada Olamide, Roxy Frary, Christina Volpi, Brad King, and Michael Conley. Additional thanks are extended to the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation Center at the University of Texas, Austin, for providing the Mini-vibe (Thumper) source and C. Mullins as Mini-vibe operator. We would like to thank R. Gold, M. Guccione, and an anonymous reviewer for their edits and suggestions. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2016 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1453 EP 1464 DI 10.1785/0220160125 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EA8NN UT WOS:000386892500025 ER PT J AU Luhring, TM Meckley, TD Johnson, NS Siefkes, MJ Hume, JB Wagner, CM AF Luhring, Thomas M. Meckley, Trevor D. Johnson, Nicholas S. Siefkes, Michael J. Hume, John B. Wagner, C. Michael TI A semelparous fish continues upstream migration when exposed to alarm cue, but adjusts movement speed and timing SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE antipredator behaviour; lamprey; migration; predation risk; reproduction; semelparity; threat sensitive; trade-off ID LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; BEARS URSUS-ARCTOS; SEA-LAMPREY; PREDATION RISK; SOCKEYE-SALMON; BROWN BEARS; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; POECILIA-RETICULATA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Animals make trade-offs between predation risk and pursuit of opportunities such as foraging and reproduction. Trade-offs between antipredator behaviours and foraging are well suited to manipulation in laboratory and field settings and have generated a vast compendium of knowledge. However, much less is known about how animals manage trade-offs between predation risk and pursuit of reproductive opportunities in the absence of the confounding effects of foraging. In the present study, we investigated how the nonfeeding migratory life stage of sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, responds to odour from dead conspecifics (a cue that induces avoidance behaviours in laboratory and field studies). We released groups of PIT-tagged sea lamprey 65 m from the shore of Lake Michigan or 287 m upstream in Carp Lake River and used antennas to detect their movements in the river. As the breeding season progressed, sea lamprey initiated upstream movement earlier and were more likely to enter the river. Sea lamprey that began the night in Lake Michigan entered Carp Lake River at higher rates and accelerated upstream when exposed to high concentrations of alarm cue, consistent with animals attempting to minimize time spent in risky areas. Sea lampreys that began the night in the river delayed upstream movement when exposed to alarm cue, consistent with animals sheltering and gathering information about a source of risk. We attribute this context-specific reaction to alarm cue to differences in perceived vulnerability to predation in sheltered positions in the river versus exposed positions in the lake. Once in the river, the vast majority of sea lamprey moved upstream independent of alarm cue or Julian date. Although life-history-induced time and energy budgets place rigid constraints on the direction of migration, sea lamprey attend to predation risk by modifying movement timing and speed. (C) 2016 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Luhring, Thomas M.; Meckley, Trevor D.; Hume, John B.; Wagner, C. Michael] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Johnson, Nicholas S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI USA. [Siefkes, Michael J.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Luhring, TM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, 348 Manter Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM tomluhring@gmail.com RI Luhring, Thomas/A-9489-2012 OI Luhring, Thomas/0000-0001-7982-5862 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Grant [GL - 00E01126-0] FX We thank L. Baker, G. Byford, N. Chartier, J. Shea and C. Kozel for their help in setting up field equipment and with animal surgeries. We thank T. Binder, C. Hickman, M. Wilkins and two anonymous referees for helpful comments on previous versions of the manuscript. This work was supported by an U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Grant (GL - 00E01126-0) to C. M. Wagner. This manuscript is contribution 2053 of the Great Lakes Science Center. NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 EI 1095-8282 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 121 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.08.007 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA EA1GP UT WOS:000386340800006 ER PT J AU Hefley, TJ Hooten, MB Drake, JM Russell, RE Walsh, DP AF Hefley, Trevor J. Hooten, Mevin B. Drake, John M. Russell, Robin E. Walsh, Daniel P. TI When can the cause of a population decline be determined? SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Allee effect; autocorrelation; causal inference; density dependence; extinction; multicollinearity; population dynamics; temporal confounding; time series ID TIME-SERIES; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; OBSERVATION ERROR; MODEL SELECTION; PROCESS NOISE; REGRESSION; DYNAMICS; EXTINCTION; HABITAT; CLIMATE AB Inferring the factors responsible for declines in abundance is a prerequisite to preventing the extinction of wild populations. Many of the policies and programmes intended to prevent extinctions operate on the assumption that the factors driving the decline of a population can be determined. Exogenous factors that cause declines in abundance can be statistically confounded with endogenous factors such as density dependence. To demonstrate the potential for confounding, we used an experiment where replicated populations were driven to extinction by gradually manipulating habitat quality. In many of the replicated populations, habitat quality and density dependence were confounded, which obscured causal inference. Our results show that confounding is likely to occur when the exogenous factors that are driving the decline change gradually over time. Our study has direct implications for wild populations, because many factors that could drive a population to extinction change gradually through time. C1 [Hefley, Trevor J.; Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hefley, Trevor J.; Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Drake, John M.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Russell, Robin E.; Walsh, Daniel P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hefley, TJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Hefley, TJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM trevor.hefley@colostate.edu FU USGS National Wildlife Health Center [G14AC00366] FX We thank John Fieberg for valuable insight and discussions about this work. We thank three anonymous reviewers and the editor for their constructive comments and Dennis Heisey for his early contributions to the development of this research endeavour. Funding for this project was provided by the USGS National Wildlife Health Center via Grant G14AC00366. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 26 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1353 EP 1362 DI 10.1111/ele.12671 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ9VL UT WOS:000386228300006 PM 27678091 ER PT J AU Lillicrap, A Belanger, S Burden, N Du Pasquier, D Embry, MR Halder, M Lampi, MA Lee, L Norberg-King, T Rattner, BA Schirmer, K Thomas, P AF Lillicrap, Adam Belanger, Scott Burden, Natalie Du Pasquier, David Embry, Michelle R. Halder, Marlies Lampi, Mark A. Lee, Lucy Norberg-King, Teresa Rattner, Barnett A. Schirmer, Kristin Thomas, Paul TI Alternative Approaches to Vertebrate Ecotoxicity Tests in the 21st Century: A Review of Developments Over the Last 2 Decades and Current Status SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Ecotoxicity; Vertebrate; In vitro; In silico; 3Rs ID EMBRYO TOXICITY TEST; RISK-ASSESSMENT; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; PLANT-PROTECTION; CELL-CULTURES; FISH; SENSITIVITY; BIRDS; MODEL; BIOACCUMULATION AB The need for alternative approaches to the use of vertebrate animals for hazard assessment of chemicals and pollutants has become of increasing importance. It is now the first consideration when initiating a vertebrate ecotoxicity test, to ensure that unnecessary use of vertebrate organisms is minimized wherever possible. For some regulatory purposes, the use of vertebrate organisms for environmental risk assessments has been banned; in other situations, the number of organisms tested has been dramatically reduced or the severity of the procedure refined. However, there is still a long way to go to achieve a complete replacement of vertebrate organisms to generate environmental hazard data. The development of animal alternatives is based not just on ethical considerations but also on reducing the cost of performing vertebrate ecotoxicity tests and in some cases on providing better information aimed at improving environmental risk assessments. The present Focus article provides an overview of the considerable advances that have been made toward alternative approaches for ecotoxicity assessments over the last few decades. (C) 2016 SETAC C1 [Lillicrap, Adam] Norwegian Inst Water Res NIVA, Oslo, Norway. [Belanger, Scott] Procter & Gamble, Global Prod Stewardship, Environm Safety & Sustainabil, Mason, OH USA. [Burden, Natalie] Natl Ctr Replacement Refinement & Reduct Anim Res, London, England. [Du Pasquier, David] WatchFrog, Evry, France. [Embry, Michelle R.] ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Halder, Marlies] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. [Lee, Lucy] Univ Fraser Valley, Fac Sci, Abbotsford, BC, Canada. [Norberg-King, Teresa] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Off Res & Dev, Midcontinent Ecol Div Duluth, Duluth, MN USA. [Rattner, Barnett A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Schirmer, Kristin] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Schirmer, Kristin] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, ETH Zurich, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Zurich, Switzerland. [Schirmer, Kristin] EPF Lausanne, Sch Architecture Civil & Environm Engn, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Thomas, Paul] Consultancy Environm & Human Toxicol & Risk Asses, LIsle Dabeau, France. RP Lillicrap, A (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Water Res NIVA, Oslo, Norway. EM ali@niva.no OI Belanger, Scott/0000-0003-0369-9673 NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 35 IS 11 BP 2637 EP 2646 DI 10.1002/etc.3603 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EA2XU UT WOS:000386461000001 PM 27779828 ER PT J AU Carls, MG Holland, L Irvine, GV Mann, DH Lindeberg, M AF Carls, Mark G. Holland, Larry Irvine, Gail V. Mann, Daniel H. Lindeberg, Mandy TI PETROLEUM BIOMARKERS AS TRACERS OF EXXON VALDEZ OIL SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biomarker; Exxon Valdez oil; Forensic ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SUBTIDAL SEDIMENTS; NORTHERN GULF; MUSSEL BEDS; ALASKA; SPILL; PERSISTENCE; BEACHES; HYDROCARBONS; EMBAYMENTS AB Over the past quarter century, petroleum biomarkers have persisted in sequestered Exxon Valdez oil in Prince William Sound and the Gulf of Alaska (USA), and hence the oil has remained identifiable. These biomarkers are molecular fossils derived from biochemicals in previously living organisms. Novel pattern matching indicated the presence of Alaska North Slope crude oil (ANSCO) over the entire observation period at most sites (7 of 9) and distinguished this source from several other potential sources. The presence of ANSCO was confirmed with Nordtest forensics, demonstrating the veracity of the new method. The principal advantage of the new method is that it provides sample-specific identification, whereas the Nordtest approach is based on multisample statistics. Biomarkers were conserved relative to other constituents, and thus concentrations (per g oil) in initial beach samples were greater than those in fresh oil because they were lost more slowly than more labile oil constituents such as straight-chain alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. However, biomarker concentrations consistently declined thereafter (1989-2014), although loss varied substantially among and within sites. Isoprenoid loss was substantially greater than tricyclic triterpane, hopane, and sterane loss. (C) 2016 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is aUS government work and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Carls, Mark G.; Holland, Larry; Lindeberg, Mandy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. [Carls, Mark G.; Holland, Larry; Lindeberg, Mandy] NOAA, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. [Irvine, Gail V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Mann, Daniel H.] Univ Alaska, Sch Nat Resources, Geog Program, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Carls, MG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99802 USA.; Carls, MG (reprint author), NOAA, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. EM mark.carls@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 35 IS 11 BP 2683 EP 2690 DI 10.1002/etc.3454 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EA2XU UT WOS:000386461000006 PM 27067268 ER PT J AU Elskus, AA Smalling, KL Hladik, ML Kuivila, KM AF Elskus, Adria A. Smalling, Kelly L. Hladik, Michelle L. Kuivila, Kathryn M. TI EFFECTS OF TWO FUNGICIDE FORMULATIONS ON MICROBIAL AND MACROINVERTEBRATE LEAF DECOMPOSITION UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aquatic toxicology; Aquatic invertebrates; Microbial toxicology; Pesticide formulation; Hyalella azteca ID LITTER DECOMPOSITION; HYALELLA-AZTECA; INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; AGRICULTURAL STREAMS; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS; UNITED-STATES; PESTICIDES; BREAKDOWN; TOXICITY; TEMPERATURE AB Aquatic fungi contribute significantly to the decomposition of leaves in streams, a key ecosystem service. Little is known, however, about the effects of fungicides on aquatic fungi and macroinvertebrates involved with leaf decomposition. Red maple (Acer rubrum) leaves were conditioned in a stream to acquire microbes (bacteria and fungi) or leached in tap water (unconditioned) to simulate potential reduction of microbial biomass by fungicides. Conditioned leaves were exposed to fungicide formulations QUILT (azoxystrobin + propiconazole) or PRISTINE (boscalid + pyraclostrobin) in the presence and absence of the leaf shredder, Hyalella azteca (amphipods; 7-d old at start of exposures) for 14 d at 23 degrees C. The QUILT formulations (similar to 0.3 mu g/L, 1.8 mu g/L, and 8 mu g/L) tended to increase leaf decomposition by amphipods (not significant) without a concomitant increase in amphipod biomass, indicating potential increased consumption of leaves with reduced nutritional value. The PRISTINE formulation (similar to 33 mu g/L) significantly reduced amphipod growth and biomass (p<0.05), effects similar to those observed with unconditioned controls. The significant suppressive effects of PRISTINE on amphipod growth and the trend toward increased leaf decomposition with increasing QUILT concentration indicate the potential for altered leaf decay in streams exposed to fungicides. Further work is needed to evaluate fungicide effects on leaf decomposition under conditions relevant to stream ecosystems, including temperature shifts and pulsed exposures to pesticide mixtures. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Elskus, Adria A.] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Maine Field Off, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Smalling, Kelly L.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, Lawrenceville, NJ USA. [Hladik, Michelle L.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. RP Elskus, AA (reprint author), Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Maine Field Off, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM aelskus@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; US Geological Survey's Contaminants Biology Program FX The US Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and Contaminants Biology Program funded the present study. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 35 IS 11 BP 2834 EP 2844 DI 10.1002/etc.3465 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EA2XU UT WOS:000386461000022 PM 27110671 ER PT J AU Larson, JH Frost, PC Vallazza, JM Nelson, JC Richardson, WB AF Larson, James H. Frost, Paul C. Vallazza, Jon M. Nelson, John C. Richardson, William B. TI Do rivermouths alter nutrient and seston delivery to the nearshore? SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; nitrogen; organic carbon; phosphorus; rivermouths ID SUPERIOR COASTAL WETLAND; WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; GREAT-LAKES; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; RIVER; PHYTOPLANKTON; SEDIMENT; CARBON; LAND; DENITRIFICATION AB Tributary inputs to lakes and seas are often measured at riverine gages, upstream of lentic influence. Between these riverine gages and the nearshore zones of large waterbodies lie rivermouths, which may retain, transform and contribute materials to the nearshore zone. However, the magnitude and timing of these rivermouth effects have rarely been measured. During the summer of 2011, 23 tributary systems of the Laurentian Great Lakes were sampled from river to nearshore for dissolved and particulate carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, as well as bulk seston and chlorophyll a concentrations. Three locations per system were sampled: in the upstream river, in the nearshore zone and at the outflow from the rivermouth to the lake. Using stable oxygen isotopes, a water-mixing model was developed to estimate the nutrient concentration that would occur at the rivermouth if mixing was strictly conservative (i.e. if no processing occurred within the rivermouth). Deviations between these conservative mixing estimates and measured nutrient concentrations were identified as rivermouth effects on nutrient concentrations. Rivermouths had higher concentration of C and P than nearshore areas and more chlorophyll a than upstream river waters. Compared to the conservative mixing model, rivermouths as a class appeared to be summer-time sources of N, P and chlorophyll a. Substantial among rivermouth variation occurred both in the effect size and direction for all constituents. Using principal component analysis, two groups of rivermouths were identified: rivermouths that had a large effect on most constituents and those that had very little effect on any of the measured constituents. High-effect' rivermouths had more abundant upstream croplands, which were presumably the sources of inorganic nutrients. Cross-validated models built using characteristics of the rivermouth were not good predictors of variation in rivermouth effects on most constituents. For consumers feeding on seston and microbes and vascular autotrophs directly taking up dissolved nutrients, rivermouths are more resource-rich than upstream riverine or nearby Great Lakes waters. Given declines over time in open-lake productivity within the Great Lakes, rivermouths may contribute more productivity than their size would suggest to the Great Lakes food web. C1 [Larson, James H.; Vallazza, Jon M.; Nelson, John C.; Richardson, William B.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Frost, Paul C.] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON, Canada. RP Larson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jhlarson@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (U.S. Geological Society) [82] FX Many people contributed to the collection of these data, including J. Veldboom, B. Knights, R. Kennedy and A. Milde. Some aspects of the sampling design reflect conversations with J. Schaeffer, M. Carlson-Mazur and P. Seelbach. Thanks to the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve and the Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge for access to sampling sites. Discussions with members of the Rivermouth Collaboratory also aided the development of ideas associated with this manuscript. This research was funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (Project 82 of the U.S. Geological Society). NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 61 IS 11 BP 1935 EP 1949 DI 10.1111/fwb.12827 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DZ7CS UT WOS:000386022200010 ER PT J AU Rand, MS Baldwin, KS Bangma, J Barbeau, T Bermudez, DS Bernhard, M Botha, H Bowden, JA Brock, JW Cantu, T Crain, DA Davis, E Doheny, B Edwards, TM Girling, J Gunderson, MP Hamlin, HJ Kohno, S Larkin, IV Martinot, A Masson, GR Matter, J McCoy, KA McNabb, NA Milnes, MR Moore, BC Nilsen, FM Orlando, EF Palmer, B Parrott, BB Rainwater, TR Roark, AM Rooney, AA Tubbs, CW Wenzel, AG Williams, CE AF Rand, Matthew S. Baldwin, Kevin S. Bangma, Jacqueline Barbeau, Tamatha Bermudez, Dieldrich S. Bernhard, Melissa Botha, Hannes Bowden, John A. Brock, John W. Cantu, Theresa Crain, D. Andrew Davis, Elizabeth Doheny, Brenna Edwards, Thea M. Girling, Jane Gunderson, Mark P. Hamlin, Heather J. Kohno, Satomi Larkin, Iske V. Martinot (Jezek), Amanda Masson, Greg R. Matter, John McCoy, Krista A. McNabb, Nicole A. Milnes, Matthew R. Moore, Brandon C. Nilsen, Frances M. Orlando, Edward F. Palmer, Brent Parrott, Benjamin B. Rainwater, Thomas R. Roark, Alison M. Rooney, Andrew A. Tubbs, Christopher W. Wenzel, Abby G. Williams, Cameron E. TI In memory of Professor Louis J. Guillette, Jr. In Memoriam SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Rand, Matthew S.] Carleton Coll, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. [Baldwin, Kevin S.] Monmouth Coll, Monmouth, IL USA. [Bangma, Jacqueline; Doheny, Brenna; Kohno, Satomi; Nilsen, Frances M.; Parrott, Benjamin B.] Med Univ South Carolina, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Barbeau, Tamatha] Francis Marion Univ, Florence, SC USA. [Bermudez, Dieldrich S.] SC Johnson, Racine, WI USA. [Bernhard, Melissa] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Botha, Hannes] Univ Limpopo, Mpumalanga Tourism & Parks Agcy, Polokwane, South Africa. [Bowden, John A.] NIST, Charleston, SC USA. [Brock, John W.] Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC USA. [Cantu, Theresa] Med Univ South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA. [Crain, D. Andrew] Maryville Coll, Maryville, TN USA. [Davis, Elizabeth] Butler Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46208 USA. [Edwards, Thea M.; Moore, Brandon C.] Univ South, Sewanee, TN USA. [Girling, Jane] Univ Melbourne, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Gunderson, Mark P.] Coll Idaho, Caldwell, ID USA. [Hamlin, Heather J.] Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Larkin, Iske V.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Martinot (Jezek), Amanda] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA. [Masson, Greg R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Brunswick, ME USA. [Matter, John] Juniata Coll, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. [McCoy, Krista A.] East Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [McNabb, Nicole A.] Coll Charleston, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. Mars Hill Univ, Mars Hill, NC USA. [Orlando, Edward F.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Palmer, Brent] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Rainwater, Thomas R.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Roark, Alison M.] Furman Univ, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. [Rooney, Andrew A.] NIEHS, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Tubbs, Christopher W.] San Diego Zoo Global Inst Conservat Res, Escondido, CA USA. [Wenzel, Abby G.] Med Univ South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA. [Williams, Cameron E.] Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC USA. RP Rand, MS (reprint author), Carleton Coll, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. EM mrand@carleton.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 238 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.02.014 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA DZ9KW UT WOS:000386195000001 ER PT J AU Welsh, ME Cronin, JP Mitchell, CE AF Welsh, Miranda E. Cronin, James Patrick Mitchell, Charles E. TI The role of habitat filtering in the leaf economics spectrum and plant susceptibility to pathogen infection SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disease ecology; functional trait; host; leaf economics; pathogen; plant development and life-history traits; trait-based ecology ID FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; GRASSLAND COMMUNITIES; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; LIVING FAST; HOLY-GRAIL; TRADE-OFF; ECOLOGY; FRAMEWORK; ABUNDANCE AB The leaf economics spectrum (LES) describes global covariation in the traits of plant leaves. The LES is thought to arise from biophysical constraints and habitat filtering (ecological selection against unfit trait combinations along environmental gradients). However, the role of habitat filtering in generating the LES has not been tested experimentally. If the process of habitat filtering plays a role in generating the LES, the LES could weaken in communities that have yet to be filtered by the current environment, for example after abiotic environmental change. LES traits are commonly used to predict community and ecosystem processes, and if the LES weakens in unfiltered communities, LES-based models may no longer apply. In the glasshouse, we experimentally simulated three stages of habitat filtering in response to abiotic change: from unfiltered, to semi-filtered, to completely filtered communities. In each stage, we quantified the strength of the LES and assessed the accuracy of trait-based models of an important ecological process, pathogen infection. The strength of the LES increased with the completeness of habitat filtering, as did the accuracy of trait-based models of plant susceptibility to pathogen infection.Synthesis. Our results suggest that habitat filtering plays a fundamental role in strengthening the trait correlations of the LES and that trait-based models may be less accurate when communities have not been filtered by the current environment, for example, following rapid environmental change. C1 [Welsh, Miranda E.; Mitchell, Charles E.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Environm & Ecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Welsh, Miranda E.; Cronin, James Patrick; Mitchell, Charles E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Cronin, James Patrick] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Welsh, ME (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Environm & Ecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.; Welsh, ME (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM mwelsh@unc.edu RI Mitchell, Charles/I-3709-2014; OI Mitchell, Charles/0000-0002-1633-1993; Cronin, James Patrick/0000-0001-6791-5828 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0923671]; NSF/NIH joint program in the Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases [DEB-1015909]; USGS Ecosystems Program FX The authors would like to thank Marty Dekkers for his assistance in performing the experiment, Dr. Alison Power for providing vector and virus stock and Dr. Eric Seabloom and Dr. Elizabeth Borer for providing host plant seeds. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0923671) and the NSF/NIH joint program in the Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases (DEB-1015909). Support for J.P.C. was also provided by the USGS Ecosystems Program. The use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1768 EP 1777 DI 10.1111/1365-2745.12632 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ5PY UT WOS:000385915200024 ER PT J AU Ayuso, RA Foley, NK AF Ayuso, Robert A. Foley, Nora K. TI Pb-Sr isotopic and geochemical constraints on sources and processes of lead contamination in well waters and soil from former fruit orchards, Pennsylvania, USA: A legacy of anthropogenic activities SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE Lead and arsenic; PB-Sr isotopic discrimination; Well water; Orchard soils; Anthropogenic contamination ID FORMATION UPPER ORDOVICIAN; VALLEY-TYPE DEPOSITS; SOUTHEAST MISSOURI; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; MULTILAYERED AQUIFER; CENTRAL APPALACHIANS; SOURCE SIGNATURES; INDUSTRIAL LEAD; VIBURNUM TREND AB Isotopic discrimination can be an effective tool in establishing a direct link between sources of Pb contamination and the presence of anomalously high concentrations of Pb in waters, soils, and organisms. Residential wells supplying water containing up to 1600 ppb Pb to houses built on the former Mohr orchards commercial site, near Allentown, PA, were evaluated to discern anthropogenic from geogenic sources. Pb (n = 144) and Sr (n = 40) isotopic data and REE (n = 29) data were determined for waters from residential wells, test wells (drilled for this study), and surface waters from pond and creeks. Local soils, sediments, bedrock, Zn-Pb mineralization and coal were also analyzed (n = 94), together with locally used Pb-As pesticide (n = 5). Waters from residential and test wells show overlapping values of Pb-206/Pb-207, Pb-208/Pb-207 and Sr-87/Sr-86. Larger negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce*) distinguish residential wells from test wells. Results show that residential and test well waters, sediments from residential water filters in water tanks, and surface waters display broad linear trends in Pb isotope plots. Pb isotope data for soils, bedrock, and pesticides have contrasting ranges and overlapping trends. Contributions of Pb from soils to residential well waters are limited and implicated primarily in wells having shallow water-bearing zones and carrying high sediment contents. Pb isotope data for residential wells, test wells, and surface waters show substantial overlap with Pb data reflecting anthropogenic actions (e.g., burning fossil fuels, industrial and urban processing activities). Limited contributions of Pb from bedrock, soils, and pesticides are evident. High Pb concentrations in the residential waters are likely related to sediment build up in residential water tanks. Redox reactions, triggered by influx of groundwater via wells into the residential water systems and leading to subtle changes in pH, are implicated in precipitation of Fe oxyhydroxides, oxidative scavenging of Ce(IV), and desorption and release of Pb into the residential water systems. The Pb isotope features in the residences and the region are best interpreted as reflecting a legacy of industrial Pb present in underlying aquifers that currently supply the drinking water wells. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ayuso, Robert A.; Foley, Nora K.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ayuso, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rayuso@usgs.gov NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 EI 1879-1689 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 170 BP 125 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.08.008 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EA2EJ UT WOS:000386405300011 ER PT J AU Silvestri, EE Feldhake, D Griffin, D Lisle, J Nichols, TL Shah, SR Pemberton, A Schaefer, FW AF Silvestri, Erin E. Feldhake, David Griffin, Dale Lisle, John Nichols, Tonya L. Shah, Sanjiv R. Pemberton, Adin Schaefer, Frank W., III TI Optimization of a sample processing protocol for recovery of Bacillus anthracis spores from soil SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; Spores; Sand; Loam; Soil; Indirect processing ID LONG-CHAIN POLYPHOSPHATES; DNA EXTRACTION; SODIUM HEXAMETAPHOSPHATE; PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; PCR; AGENTS AB Following a release of Bacillus anthracis spores into the environment, there is a potential for lasting environmental contamination in soils. There is a need for detection protocols for B. anthracis in environmental matrices. However, identification of B. anthracis within a soil is a difficult task. Processing soil samples helps to remove debris, chemical components, and biological impurities that can interfere with microbiological detection. This study aimed to optimize a previously used indirect processing protocol, which included a series of washing and centrifugation steps. Optimization of the protocol included: identifying an ideal extraction diluent, variation in the number of wash steps, variation in the initial centrifugation speed, sonication and shaking mechanisms. The optimized protocol was demonstrated at two laboratories in order to evaluate the recovery of spores from loamy and sandy soils. The new protocol demonstrated an improved limit of detection for loamy and sandy soils over the non-optimized protocol with an approximate matrix limit of detection at 14 spores/g of soil. There were no significant differences overall between the two laboratories for either soil type, suggesting that the processing protocol will be robust enough to use at multiple laboratories while achieving comparable recoveries. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Silvestri, Erin E.; Schaefer, Frank W., III] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS NG16, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Feldhake, David; Pemberton, Adin] Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, 46 East Hollister St, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Griffin, Dale; Lisle, John] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Nichols, Tonya L.; Shah, Sanjiv R.] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, 1200 Penn Ave NW,MS 8801R, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Griffin, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM Silvestri.Erin@epa.gov; Feldhake.David@epa.gov; dgriffin@usgs.gov; jlisle@usgs.gov; Nichols.Tonya@epa.gov; Shah.Sanjiv@epa.gov; Pemberton.Adin@epa.gov; fschaefer@zoomtown.com FU EPA [EP-C-11-006]; Office of Research and Development FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded, managed, and collaborated in the research described here under an Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey (IA #DW 14957748 and DW 92401101) and through Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., a contractor to the EPA (Contract # EP-C-11-006). It has been subjected to the Agency's review and has been approved for publication. Note that approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices (http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367/). Mention of trade names, products, or services is for descriptive purposes only and does not convey U.S. Government approval, endorsement, or recommendation. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 EI 1872-8359 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD NOV PY 2016 VL 130 BP 6 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.08.013 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA EA2EZ UT WOS:000386406900002 PM 27546718 ER PT J AU Taye, MT Tadesse, T Senay, GB Block, P AF Taye, Meron Teferi Tadesse, Tsegaye Senay, Gabriel B. Block, Paul TI The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Source of Cooperation or Contention? SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BLUE NILE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODEL AB Forum papers are thought-provoking opinion pieces or essays founded in fact, sometimes containing speculation, on a civil engineering topic of general interest and relevance to the readership of the journal. The views expressed in this Forum article do not necessarily reflect the views of ASCE or the Editorial Board of the journal. C1 [Taye, Meron Teferi; Block, Paul] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1415 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Tadesse, Tsegaye] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, 3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Senay, Gabriel B.] Colorado State Univ, North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Taye, MT (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1415 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM meron.t.taye@gmail.com NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 EI 1943-5452 J9 J WATER RES PLAN MAN JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD NOV PY 2016 VL 142 IS 11 AR 02516001 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000708 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA EA1NZ UT WOS:000386360300015 ER PT J AU Hapke, CJ Plant, NG Henderson, RE Schwab, WC Nelson, TR AF Hapke, Cheryl J. Plant, Nathaniel G. Henderson, Rachel. E. Schwab, William C. Nelson, Timothy R. TI Decoupling processes and scales of shoreline morphodynamics SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Shoreline change; Coastal evolution; Storm response; Empirical orthogonal function; Fire Island ID GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK; FIRE-ISLAND; NEW-YORK; VARIABILITY; EVOLUTION; NEARSHORE; COAST; MORPHOLOGY; BEHAVIOR; HOTSPOTS AB Behavior of coastal systems on time scales ranging from single storm events to years and decades is controlled by both small-scale sediment transport processes and large-scale geologic, oceanographic, and morphologic processes. Improved understanding of coastal behavior at multiple time scales is required for refining models that predict potential erosion hazards and for coastal management planning and decision-making. Here we investigate the primary controls on shoreline response along a geologically-variable barrier island on time scales resolving extreme storms and decadal variations over a period of nearly one century. An empirical orthogonal function analysis is applied to a time series of shoreline positions at Fire Island, NY to identify patterns of shoreline variance along the length of the island. We establish that there are separable patterns of shoreline behavior that represent response to oceanographic forcing as well as patterns that are not explained by this forcing. The dominant shoreline behavior occurs over large length scales in the form of alternating episodes of shoreline retreat and advance, presumably in response to storms cycles. Two secondary responses include long-term response that is correlated to known geologic variations of the island and the other reflects geomorphic patterns with medium length scale. Our study also includes the response to Hurricane Sandy and a period of post-storm recovery. It was expected that the impacts from Hurricane Sandy would disrupt long-term trends and spatial patterns. We found that the response to Sandy at Fire Island is not notable or distinguishable from several other large storms of the prior decade. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hapke, Cheryl J.; Plant, Nathaniel G.; Henderson, Rachel. E.; Nelson, Timothy R.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Schwab, William C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Hapke, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM chapke@usgs.gov FU USGS Coastal; Marine Geology Program; USGS Natural Resource Preservation Program FX The data for this paper are available at the USGS National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards Portal: http://marine.usgs.gov/coastalchangehazardsportal/ and from USGS Data Series 931 (http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0931/). Funding for this research was provided by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program and the USGS Natural Resource Preservation Program. Owen Brenner provided field support and assisted with data acquisition and graphics. We would like to thank Jeff List and Jennifer Miselis (USGS) for fruitful discussions that enhanced the paper, Amy Farris (USGS) for assistance with code development and deriving shorelines. BJ Reynolds, Barry Irwin (USGS) and Jordan Rafael (NPS) provided valuable field assistance. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 381 BP 42 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2016.08.008 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA DZ9JG UT WOS:000386190600005 ER PT J AU Peters, J Wood, N Wilson, R Miller, K AF Peters, Jeff Wood, Nathan Wilson, Rick Miller, Kevin TI Intra-community implications of implementing multiple tsunami-evacuation zones in Alameda, California SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; Evacuation; Exposure; Modeling; Scenario AB Tsunami-evacuation planning in coastal communities is typically based on maximum evacuation zones for a single scenario or a composite of sources; however, this approach may over-evacuate a community and overly disrupt the local economy and strain emergency-service resources. To minimize the potential for future over-evacuations, multiple evacuation zones based on arrival time and inundation extent are being developed for California coastal communities. We use the coastal city of Alameda, California (USA), as a case study to explore population and evacuation implications associated with multiple tsunami-evacuation zones. We use geospatial analyses to estimate the number and type of people in each tsunami-evacuation zone and anisotropic pedestrian evacuation models to estimate pedestrian travel time out of each zone. Results demonstrate that there are tens of thousands of individuals in tsunami-evacuation zones on the two main islands of Alameda, but they will likely have sufficient time to evacuate before wave arrival. Quality of life could be impacted by the high number of government offices, schools, day-care centers, and medical offices in certain evacuation zones and by potentially high population density at one identified safe area after an evacuation. Multi-jurisdictional evacuation planning may be warranted, given that many at-risk individuals may need to evacuate to neighboring jurisdictions. The use of maximum evacuation zones for local tsunami sources may be warranted given the limited amount of available time to confidently recommend smaller zones which would result in fewer evacuees; however, this approach may also result in over-evacuation and the incorrect perception that successful evacuations are unlikely. C1 [Peters, Jeff] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wood, Nathan] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Wilson, Rick] Calif Geol Survey, 801 K St,MS 12-31, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Miller, Kevin] Calif Governors Off Emergency Serv, 30 Van Ness Ave Ste 3300, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. RP Peters, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jpeters@usgs.gov; nwood@usgs.gov; Rick.Wilson@conservation.ca.gov; Kevin.Miller@caloes.ca.gov FU US Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science Program; Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) project FX This study was supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Land Change Science Program and the Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) project. We thank Sharon Oliver, Captain of the City of Alameda Fire Department, for helping to frame this research and for her insight on evacuation planning and challenges in Alameda. We also thank Mara Tongue of the USGS, Chris Gregg of East Tennessee State University, and anonymous reviewers for their reviews of earlier versions of the article. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD NOV PY 2016 VL 84 IS 2 BP 975 EP 995 DI 10.1007/s11069-016-2469-8 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA DZ9ZF UT WOS:000386241300013 ER PT J AU Plumlee, GS Alpers, CN Morman, SA San Juan, C AF Plumlee, Geoffrey S. Alpers, Charles N. Morman, Suzette A. San Juan, Carma TI Anticipating Environmental and Environmental-Health Implications of Extreme Storms: ARkStorm Scenario SO NATURAL HAZARDS REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NATURAL DISASTERS; NORTH-CAROLINA; IMPACT; PREPAREDNESS; CALIFORNIA; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; KATRINA; FLOODS; SOILS AB The ARkStorm Scenario predicts that a prolonged winter storm event across California would cause extreme precipitation, flooding, winds, physical damages, and economic impacts. This study uses a literature review and geographic information system-based analysis of national and state databases to infer how and where ARkStorm could cause environmental damages, release contamination from diverse natural and anthropogenic sources, affect ecosystem and human health, and cause economic impacts from environmental-remediation, liability, and health-care costs. Examples of plausible ARkStorm environmental and health concerns include complex mixtures of contaminants such as petroleum, mercury, asbestos, persistent organic pollutants, molds, and pathogens; adverse physical and contamination impacts on riverine and coastal marine ecosystems; and increased incidences of mold-related health concerns, some vector-borne diseases, and valley fever. Coastal cities, the San Francisco Bay area, the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, parts of the Central Valley, and some mountainous areas would likely be most affected. This type of screening analysis, coupled with follow-up local assessments, can help stakeholders in California and disaster-prone areas elsewhere better plan for, mitigate, and respond to future environmental disasters. C1 [Plumlee, Geoffrey S.; Morman, Suzette A.; San Juan, Carma] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Plumlee, GS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gplumlee@usgs.gov; cnalpers@usgs.gov; smorman@usgs.gov; csanjuan@usgs.gov FU USGS Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project; USGS Mineral Resources Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge insights from discussions with many ARkStorm team members, data provided by Mike Dettinger and Chris Wills, and very helpful manuscript reviews by U.S. Geological Survey reviewers, anonymous Natural Hazards Review (NHR) reviewers, and NHR editorial staff. Funding was provided by the USGS Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project and the USGS Mineral Resources Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1527-6988 EI 1527-6996 J9 NAT HAZARDS REV JI Nat. Hazards Rev. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 17 IS 4 SI SI AR UNSP A4015003 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000188 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Studies; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA EA1OG UT WOS:000386361100005 ER PT J AU Porter, K Cox, D Dettinger, M Ralph, FM AF Porter, Keith Cox, Dale Dettinger, Michael Ralph, F. Martin TI Special Issue on the ARkStorm Scenario: California's Other Big One SO NATURAL HAZARDS REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Porter, Keith] Univ Colorado, 428 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cox, Dale] US Geol Survey, 3020 State Univ Dr E,Modoc Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Dettinger, Michael] US Geol Survey, Div Climate Res, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ralph, F. Martin] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Porter, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, 428 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM keith.porter@colorado.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1527-6988 EI 1527-6996 J9 NAT HAZARDS REV JI Nat. Hazards Rev. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 17 IS 4 SI SI AR UNSP A2016001 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000234 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Studies; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA EA1OG UT WOS:000386361100006 ER PT J AU Wein, A Ratliff, J Baez, A Sleeter, R AF Wein, Anne Ratliff, Jamie Baez, Allan Sleeter, Rachel TI Regional Analysis of Social Characteristics for Evacuation Resource Planning: ARkStorm Scenario SO NATURAL HAZARDS REVIEW LA English DT Article DE ARkStorm; Regional evacuation; Social characteristics; ARkStorm; Regional evacuation; Social characteristics ID SURFACE AB Local planning is insufficient for regional catastrophes; regional exercises are needed to test emergency plans and decision-making structures. The ARkStorm scenario would trigger a mass evacuation that would be complicated by the social characteristics of populations [e.g.,vehicle ownership, age, poverty, English language limitation (ELL), and shelter needs]. Land cover data and dasymetric mapping improves the allocation of residential populations and their social characteristics to the ARkStorm flood zone in 21 counties in California. Numbers and concentrations of county, urban, and rural residents exposed to flooding as well as populations in and out of the scenario flood zone are profiled. The results inform mass evacuation planning by providing a means to (1)examine the sufficiency of mutual aid agreements, (2)underscore planning for carless populations, and (3)tailor multilingual communication strategies. The various geographical distinctions emphasize different challenges throughout the region. It will be important to investigate behavioral responses to warnings, identify evacuation constraints (e.g.,shelter capacity versus need), and obtain comparable data on transient populations. C1 [Wein, Anne] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ratliff, Jamie; Sleeter, Rachel] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Baez, Allan] Community Technol Alliance, 1671 Alameda,Suite 300, San Jose, CA 95126 USA. RP Ratliff, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jratliff@usgs.gov OI Sleeter, Rachel/0000-0003-3477-0436 FU USGS Land Change Science (LCS) Program FX Funding for this research was provided through the USGS Land Change Science (LCS) Program. James Carter contributed historical research on the 1861-62 floods. The authors very much appreciate the constructive feedback from Mathew Schmidtlein (Sacramento State University) and four anonymous reviewers. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1527-6988 EI 1527-6996 J9 NAT HAZARDS REV JI Nat. Hazards Rev. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 17 IS 4 SI SI AR UNSP A4014002 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000161 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Studies; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA EA1OG UT WOS:000386361100002 ER PT J AU Wein, A Mitchell, D Peters, J Rowden, J Tran, J Corsi, A Dinitz, L AF Wein, Anne Mitchell, David Peters, Jeff Rowden, John Tran, Johnny Corsi, Alessandra Dinitz, Laura TI Agricultural Damages and Losses from ARkStorm Scenario Flooding in California SO NATURAL HAZARDS REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Floods; Agriculture; Crops; Damage; ARkStorm; California; California ARkStorm; Flood loss estimation; Crop damages; Livestock exposure AB Scientists designed the ARkStorm scenario to challenge the preparedness of California communities for widespread flooding with a historical precedence and increased likelihood under climate change. California is an important provider of vegetables, fruits, nuts, and other agricultural products to the nation. This study analyzes the agricultural damages and losses pertaining to annual crops, perennial crops, and livestock in California exposed to ARkStorm flooding. Statewide, flood damage is incurred on approximately 23% of annual crop acreage, 5% of perennial crop acreage, and 5% of livestock, e.g.,dairy, feedlot, and poultry, acreage. The sum of field repair costs, forgone income, and product replacement costs span $3.7 and $7.1billion (2009) for a range of inundation durations. Perennial crop loss estimates dominate, and the vulnerability of orchards and vineyards has likely increased with recent expansion. Crop reestablishment delays from levee repair and dewatering more than double annual crop losses in the delta islands, assuming the fragile system does not remain permanently flooded. The exposure of almost 200,000 dairy cows to ARkStorm flooding poses livestock evacuation challenges. C1 [Wein, Anne; Peters, Jeff; Dinitz, Laura] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94303 USA. [Mitchell, David] M Cubed, 5358 Miles Ave, Oakland, CA 94618 USA. [Rowden, John] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Dept Emergency, 1220 N St, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Tran, Johnny] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Res Program, 1220 N St, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Corsi, Alessandra] IPT, Ave Prof Almeida Prado,532,Cidade Univ, BR-05508901 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. RP Wein, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94303 USA. EM awein@ugsg.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Land Change Science program FX The flood map was developed with partners under the leadership of Dale Cox, Keith Porter, and Justin Ferris. The authors appreciate feedback from Stephen Hatchett and anonymous reviewers. The U.S. Geological Survey Land Change Science program funded the research. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1527-6988 EI 1527-6996 J9 NAT HAZARDS REV JI Nat. Hazards Rev. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 17 IS 4 SI SI AR UNSP A4015001 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000174 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Studies; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA EA1OG UT WOS:000386361100004 ER PT J AU Wing, IS Rose, AZ Wein, AM AF Wing, Ian Sue Rose, Adam Z. Wein, Anne M. TI Economic Consequence Analysis of the ARkStorm Scenario SO NATURAL HAZARDS REVIEW LA English DT Article DE California ARkStorm; Winter storm hazard; Flood and wind damages; Economic impacts; Business interruption; Economic resilience; Computable general equilibrium models; Reconstruction funding ID MACROECONOMIC IMPACT; DISRUPTIONS; EARTHQUAKE; DISASTERS AB The business interruption (BI) impacts of ARkStorm, a severe winter storm scenario developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and partners, is estimated. BI stems from losses of building function, productivity of agricultural land, and lifeline services. A dynamic computable general equilibrium model of the California economy is developed to perform this economic consequence analysis. Economic resilience in the form of input and import substitution is inherent in the model's equilibrium solution, and the model parameterization is adjusted to reflect other forms of resilience such as production recapture. Varying assumptions about the timing and source of funds for reconstruction results in a range of recovery paths. Five years after the storm, flood-induced building damage is the overwhelming source of gross domestic product (GDP) losses, timely and partially externally funded reconstruction mitigates impacts by approximately 50%, and the economy is not guaranteed to return to its baseline GDP trajectory. The methodology serves as a template for assessing the macroeconomic consequences of disasters and the influence of resilience in reducing BI losses. C1 [Wing, Ian Sue] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, 675 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Rose, Adam Z.] Univ Southern Calif, Price Sch Publ Policy, Ctr Risk & Econ Anal Terrorism Events, Econ, Ralph & Goldy Lewis Hall 230, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Wein, Anne M.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wein, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM isw@bu.edu; Adam.Rose@usc.edu; awein@ugsg.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1527-6988 EI 1527-6996 J9 NAT HAZARDS REV JI Nat. Hazards Rev. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 17 IS 4 SI SI AR UNSP A4015002 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000173 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Studies; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA EA1OG UT WOS:000386361100003 ER PT J AU Loveland, TR Irons, JR AF Loveland, Thomas R. Irons, James R. TI Landsat 8: The plans, the reality, and the legacy SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID DATA CONTINUITY MISSION; THERMAL INFRARED-SENSOR; ON-ORBIT; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; PERFORMANCE; OLI; DESIGN; TIRS AB Landsat 8, originally known as the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), is a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) partnership that continues the legacy of continuous moderate resolution observations started in 1972. The conception of LDCM to the reality of Landsat 8 followed an arduous path extending over nearly 13 years, but the successful launch on February 11, 2013 ensures the continuity of the unparalleled Landsat record. The USGS took over mission operations on May 30, 2013 and renamed LCDM to Landsat 8. Access to Landsat 8 data was opened to users worldwide. Three years following launch we evaluate the science and applications impact of Landsat 8. With a mission objective to enable the detection and characterization of global land changes at a scale where differentiation between natural and human-induced causes of change is possible, LDCM promised incremental technical improvements in capabilities needed for Landsat scientific and applications investigations. Results show that with Landsat 8, we are acquiring more data than ever before, the radiometric and geometric quality of data are generally technically superior to data acquired by past Landsat missions, and the new measurements, e.g., the coastal aerosol and cirrus bands, are opening new opportunities. Collectively, these improvements are sparking the growth of science and applications opportunities. Equally important, with Landsat 7 still operational, we have returned to global imaging on an 8-day cycle, a capability that ended when Landsat 5 ceased operational Earth imaging in November 2011. As a result, the Landsat program is on secure footings and planning is underway to extend the record for another 20 or more years. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Loveland, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Irons, James R.] NASA, Div Earth Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Loveland, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM Loveland@usgs.gov OI Loveland, Thomas/0000-0003-3114-6646 FU USGS Land Remote Sensing Program FX We thank the many Landsat data users that have contributed to the health of the Landsat program. We especially thank those that contributed abstracts and manuscripts for consideration of this special issue. The members of the USGS-NASA Landsat Science Team played a significant role in the development of this special issue and in advancing the use and impact of Landsat. Finally, we acknowledge NASA for their long commitment to continuing and improving Landsat capabilities and USGS for uncompromising stewardship of the entire Landsat record. The USGS Land Remote Sensing Program is recognized for sponsoring this Landsat 8 special issue. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 26 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 185 SI SI BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.07.03 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EA1AY UT WOS:000386321900001 ER PT J AU Senay, GB Friedrichs, M Singh, RK Velpuri, NM AF Senay, Gabriel B. Friedrichs, MacKenzie Singh, Ramesh K. Velpuri, Naga Manohar TI Evaluating Landsat 8 evapotranspiration for water use mapping in the Colorado River Basin SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; SSEBop model; Landsat; ET modeling; Colorado River Basin ID SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; CLOUD SHADOW; HEAT FLUXES; DATA SETS; TEMPERATURE; ALGORITHM; FLUXNET; SCALE; MODIS AB Evapotranspiration (ET) mapping at the Landsat spatial resolution (100 m) is essential to fully understand water use and water availability at the field scale. Water use estimates in the Colorado River Basin (CRB), which has diverse ecosystems and complex hydro-climatic regions, will be helpful to water planners and managers. Availability of Landsat 8 images, starting in 2013, provides the opportunity to map ET in the CRB to assess spatial distribution and patterns of water use. The Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model was used with 528 Landsat 8 images to create seamless monthly and annual ET estimates at the inherent 100 m thermal band resolution. Annual ET values were summarized by land use/land cover classes. Croplands were the largest consumer of "blue" water while shrublands consumed the most "green" water. Validation using eddy covariance (EC) flux towers and water balance approaches showed good accuracy levels with R-2 ranging from 0.74 to 0.95 and the Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient ranging from 0.66 to 0.91. The root mean square error (and percent bias) ranged from 0.48 mm (13%) to 0.60 mm (22%) for daily (days of satellite overpass) ET and from 7.75 mm (2%) to 13.04 mm (35%) for monthly ET. The spatial and temporal distribution of ET indicates the utility of Landsat 8 for providing important information about ET dynamics across the landscape. Annual crop water use was estimated for five selected irrigation districts in the Lower CRB where annual ET per district ranged between 681 mm to 772 mm. Annual ET by crop type over the Maricopa Stanfield irrigation district ranged from a low of 384 mm for durum wheat to a high of 990 mm for alfalfa fields. A rainfall analysis over the five districts suggested that, on average, 69% of the annual ET was met by irrigation. Although the enhanced cloud-masking capability of Landsat 8 based on the cirrus band and utilization of the Fmask algorithm improved the removal of contaminated pixels, the ability to reliably estimate ET over clouded areas remains an important challenge. Overall, the performance of Landsat 8 based ET compared to available EC datasets and water balance estimates for a complex basin such as the CRB demonstrates the potential of using Landsat 8 for annual water use estimation at a national scale. Future efforts will focus on (a) use of consistent methodology across years, (b) integration of multiple sensors to maximize images used, and (c) employing cloud-computing platforms for large scale processing capabilities. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. C1 [Senay, Gabriel B.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci, North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Friedrichs, MacKenzie] SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Singh, Ramesh K.; Velpuri, Naga Manohar] ASRC InuTeq LLC, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Senay, GB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USGS EROS Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM senay@usgs.gov OI Friedrichs, MacKenzie/0000-0002-9602-321X; Singh, Ramesh/0000-0002-8164-3483 FU United States Geological Survey (USGS) [G13PC00028, G10PC00044] FX This work was performed under the United States Geological Survey (USGS) contracts G13PC00028 and G10PC00044 in support of the WaterSMART program. We gratefully acknowledge the use of flux data supplied by Dr. Russell Scott, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture for our model validation. We also thank Saeid Tadayon and Amy Read from the USGS Arizona Water Science Center for sharing geospatial data of five irrigation districts. We thank and express our sincere appreciation to the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 185 SI SI BP 171 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.12.043 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EA1AY UT WOS:000386321900015 ER PT J AU Huntington, J McGwire, K Morton, C Snyder, K Peterson, S Erickson, T Niswonger, R Carroll, R Smith, G Allen, R AF Huntington, Justin McGwire, Kenneth Morton, Charles Snyder, Keirith Peterson, Sarah Erickson, Tyler Niswonger, Richard Carroll, Rosemary Smith, Guy Allen, Richard TI Assessing the role of climate and resource management on groundwater dependent ecosystem changes in arid environments with the Landsat archive SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat; NDVI; Cross-sensor calibration; Groundwater dependent ecosystems; Riparian restoration; Groundwater pumping; Phreatophytes; Complementary relationship; Evaporative demand ID WATER-TABLE DRAWDOWN; GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SURFACE REFLECTANCE; FOREST DISTURBANCE; DETECTING TRENDS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; MODEL; BASIN; RESTORATION AB Groundwater dependent ecosystems (GDEs) rely on near-surface groundwater. These systems are receiving more attention with rising air temperature, prolonged drought, and where groundwater pumping captures natural groundwater discharge for anthropogenic use. Phreatophyte shrublands, meadows, and riparian areas are GDEs that provide critical habitat for many sensitive species, especially in arid and semi-arid environments. While GDEs are vital for ecosystem services and function, their long-term (i.e. similar to 30 years) spatial and temporal variability is poorly understood with respect to local and regional scale climate, groundwater, and rangeland management. In this work, we compute time series of NDVI derived from sensors of the Landsat TM, ETM +, and OLI lineage for assessing GDEs in a variety of land and water management contexts. Changes in vegetation vigor based on climate, groundwater availability, and land management in arid landscapes are detectable with Landsat. However, the effective quantification of these ecosystem changes can be undermined if changes in spectral bandwidths between different Landsat sensors introduce biases in derived vegetation indices, and if climate, and land and water management histories are not well understood. The objective of this work is to 1) use the Landsat 8 under-fly dataset to quantify differences in spectral reflectance and NDVI between Landsat 7 ETM + and Landsat 8 OLI for a range of vegetation communities in arid and semiarid regions of the southwestern United States, and 2) demonstrate the value of 30-year historical vegetation index and climate datasets for assessing GDEs. Specific study areas were chosen to represent a range of GDEs and environmental conditions important for three scenarios: baseline monitoring of vegetation and climate, riparian restoration, and groundwater level changes. Google's Earth Engine cloud computing and environmental monitoring platform is used to rapidly access and analyze the Landsat archive along with downscaled North American Land Data Assimilation System gridded meteorological data, which are used for both atmospheric correction and correlation analysis. Results from the cross-sensor comparison indicate a benefit from the application of a consistent atmospheric correction method, and that NDVI derived from Landsat 7 and 8 are very similar within the study area. Results from continuous Landsat time series analysis clearly illustrate that there are strong correlations between changes in vegetation vigor, precipitation, evaporative demand, depth to groundwater, and riparian restoration. Trends in summer NDVI associated with riparian restoration and groundwater level changes were found to be statistically significant, and interannual summer NDVI was found to be moderately correlated to interannual water-year precipitation for baseline study sites. Results clearly highlight the complementary relationship between water-year PPT, NDVI, and evaporative demand, and are consistent with regional vegetation index and complementary relationship studies. This work is supporting land and water managers for evaluation of GDEs with respect to climate, groundwater, and resource management. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. C1 [Huntington, Justin; McGwire, Kenneth; Morton, Charles; Carroll, Rosemary; Smith, Guy] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA. [Huntington, Justin] Western Reg Climate Ctr, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Snyder, Keirith] USDA ARS, Reno, NV USA. [Peterson, Sarah] Bur Land Management, Reno, NV USA. [Erickson, Tyler] Google Inc, Mountain View, CA USA. [Niswonger, Richard] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Allen, Richard] Univ Idaho, Kimberly, ID USA. RP Huntington, J (reprint author), Western Reg Climate Ctr, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM justin.huntington@dri.edu OI Smith, Guy/0000-0002-4579-8752 FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management [L13AC00169]; U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service [59-5370-3-001]; Desert Research Institute Maki Endowment; U.S. Geological Survey Landsat Science Team; Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center grant; Google Earth Engine faculty research grant FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management grant #L13AC00169, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service grant #59-5370-3-001, Desert Research Institute Maki Endowment, U.S. Geological Survey 2012-2017 Landsat Science Team, Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center grant to evaluate new strategies for addressing climate change impacts on water and ecosystems in the Great Basin, and a Google Earth Engine faculty research grant. ESPA Landsat Surface Reflectance products used were courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey. The authors would like to thank Stephen Maples of the U.S. Geological Survey, and four anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions. They greatly improved the manuscript. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 28 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 185 SI SI BP 186 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.07.004 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EA1AY UT WOS:000386321900016 ER PT J AU Glenn, NF Neuenschwander, A Vierling, LA Spaete, L Li, AH Shinneman, DJ Pilliod, DS Arkle, RS McIlroy, SK AF Glenn, Nancy F. Neuenschwander, Amy Vierling, Lee A. Spaete, Lucas Li, Aihua Shinneman, Douglas J. Pilliod, David S. Arkle, Robert S. McIlroy, Susan K. TI Landsat 8 and ICESat-2: Performance and potential synergies for quantifying dryland ecosystem vegetation cover and biomass SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE OLI; TM; ATLAS; ICESat-2; MABEL; Above-ground biomass; Shrub ID ESTIMATING ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; BEHAVIOR FUEL MODELS; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; LIDAR DATA; SPACEBORNE LIDAR; CANOPY HEIGHT; GLOBAL CHANGE; GREAT-BASIN; FOREST; AIRBORNE AB The Landsat 8 mission provides new opportunities for quantifying the distribution of above-ground carbon at moderate spatial resolution across the globe, and in particular drylands. Furthermore, coupled with structural information from space-based and airborne laser altimetry, Landsat 8 provides powerful capabilities for large-area, long-term studies that quantify temporal and spatial changes in above-ground biomass and cover. With the planned launch of ICESat-2 in 2017 and thus the potential to couple Landsat 8 and ICESat-2 data, we have unprecedented opportunities to address key challenges in drylands, including quantifying fuel loads, habitat quality, biodiversity, carbon cycling, and desertification. In this study, we explore the strengths of Landsat 8's Operational Land Imager (OLI) in estimating vegetation structure in a dryland ecosystem, and compare these results to Landsat 5's Thematic Mapper (TM). We also demonstrate the potential of OLI when coupled with light detection and ranging (lidar) in estimating vegetation cover and biomass in a dryland ecosystem. The OLI and TM predictions were similarly positive, indicating data from these sensors may be used in tandem for long-term time-series analysis. Results indicate shrub and herbaceous cover are well predicted with multi-temporal OLI data, and a combination of OLI and lidar derivatives improves most of these estimates and reduces uncertainty. For example, significant improvements were made for shrub cover (R-2 = 0.64 and 0.78 using OLI only and both OLI and lidar data, respectively). Importantly, a time series of OLI, with some improvement from lidar, provides strong estimates of herbaceous cover (68% of the variance is explained with OLI alone). In contrast, OLI data explain roughly 59% of the variance in total shrub biomass, however approximately 71% of the variance is explained when combined with lidar derivatives. To estimate the potential synergies of OLI and ICESat-2 we used simulated ICESat-2 photon data to predict vegetation structure. In a shrubland environment with a vegetation mean height of 1 m and mean vegetation cover of 33%, vegetation photons are able to explain nearly 50% of the variance in vegetation height. These results, and those from a comparison site, suggest that a lower detection threshold of ICESat-2 may be in the range of 30% canopy cover and roughly 1 m height in comparable dryland environments and these detection thresholds could be used to combine future ICESat-2 photon data with OLI spectral data for improved vegetation structure. Overall, the synergistic use of Landsat 8 and ICESat-2 may improve estimates of above-ground biomass and carbon storage in drylands that meet these minimum thresholds, increasing our ability to monitor drylands for fuel loading and the potential to sequester carbon. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Glenn, Nancy F.; Spaete, Lucas; Li, Aihua] Boise State Univ, Boise Ctr Aerosp Lab, Dept Geosci, 1910 Univ Dr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Neuenschwander, Amy] Univ Texas Austin, Geospatial Laser Applicat & Measurements, Appl Res Labs, 10000 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Vierling, Lee A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Nat Resources & Soc, 875 Perimeter Dr MS 1133, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Shinneman, Douglas J.; Pilliod, David S.; Arkle, Robert S.; McIlroy, Susan K.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Glenn, NF (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Boise Ctr Aerosp Lab, Dept Geosci, 1910 Univ Dr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM nancyglenn@boisestate.edu FU NASA Terrestrial Ecology [NNX14AD81G]; Joint Fire Science Program [11-1-2-30]; U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center FX This project was supported under NASA Terrestrial Ecology award number NNX14AD81G. MABEL data were collected from the ICESat-2 Science Definition Team (SDT) and Early Adopter programs. Special thanks to Tom Neumann. Funding for vegetation data at BoP was provided by the Joint Fire Science Program (Project ID: 11-1-2-30) and the U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 22 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 185 SI SI BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.02.039 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EA1AY UT WOS:000386321900020 ER PT J AU Zhu, Z Fu, YC Woodcock, CE Olofsson, P Vogelmann, JE Holden, C Wang, M Dai, S Yu, Y AF Zhu, Zhe Fu, Yingchun Woodcock, Curtis E. Olofsson, Pontus Vogelmann, James E. Holden, Christopher Wang, Min Dai, Shu Yu, Yang TI Including land cover change in analysis of greenness trends using all available Landsat 5, 7, and 8 images: A case study from Guangzhou, China (2000-2014) SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CCDC; Greenness; Trend; Guangzhou; Landsat; Time series; Land cover change; Abrupt change; Gradual change ID TIME-SERIES; FOREST DISTURBANCE; SURFACE REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION INDEXES; METROPOLITAN-AREA; CLOUD SHADOW; DETECTING TRENDS; THEMATIC MAPPER; SNOW DETECTION; ARCTIC TUNDRA AB Remote sensing has proven a useful way of evaluating long-term trends in vegetation "greenness" through the use of vegetation indices like Normalized Differences Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). In particular, analyses of greenness trends have been performed for large areas (continents, for example) in an attempt to understand vegetation response to climate. These studies have been most often used coarse resolution sensors like Moderate Resolution Image Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). However, trends in greenness are also important at more local scales, particularly in and around cities as vegetation offers a variety of valuable ecosystem services ranging from minimizing air pollution to mitigating urban heat island effects. To explore the ability to monitor greenness trends in and around cities, this paper presents a new way for analyzing greenness trends based on all available Landsat 5, 7, and 8 images and applies it to Guangzhou, China. This method is capable of including the effects of land cover change in the evaluation of greenness trends by separating the effects of abrupt and gradual changes, and providing information on the timing of greenness trends. An assessment of the consistency of surface reflectance from Landsat 8 with past Landsat sensors indicates biases in the visible bands of Landsat 8, especially the blue band. Landsat 8 NDVI values were found to have a larger bias than the EVI values; therefore, EVI was used in the analysis of greenness trends for Guangzhou. In spite of massive amounts of development in Guangzhou from 2000 to 2014, greenness was found to increase, mostly as a result of gradual change. Comparison of the greening magnitudes estimated from the approach presented here and a Simple Linear Trend (SLT) method indicated large differences for certain time intervals as the SLT method does not include consideration for abrupt land cover changes. Overall, this analysis demonstrates the importance of considering land cover change when analyzing trends in greenness from satellite time series in areas where land cover change is common. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Zhu, Zhe] US Geol Survey, ASRC InuTeq, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Fu, Yingchun; Wang, Min; Dai, Shu; Yu, Yang] South China Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Woodcock, Curtis E.; Olofsson, Pontus; Holden, Christopher] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Ctr Remote Sensing, 685 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Vogelmann, James E.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Zhu, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ASRC InuTeq, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.; Fu, YC (reprint author), South China Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM zhezhu@usgs.gov; fuyc@m.scnu.edu.cn OI Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41101152, 40901090]; China Scholarship Council; NASA/USGS Landsat Science Team [G11PS00422] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41101152 and No. 40901090), the China Scholarship Council funding 2013, and the NASA/USGS Landsat Science Team (contract number G11PS00422). NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 47 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 185 SI SI BP 243 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.03.036 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EA1AY UT WOS:000386321900021 ER PT J AU Vogelmann, JE Gallant, AL Shi, H Zhu, Z AF Vogelmann, James E. Gallant, Alisa L. Shi, Hua Zhu, Zhe TI Perspectives on monitoring gradual change across the continuity of Landsat sensors using time-series data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat data continuity; Gradual change; TM; ETM; OLI; Continuous change detection; Time series ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; VALIDATION DATA SET; LEAF-AREA INDEX; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOREAL FOREST; COVER DATABASE; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; ECOSYSTEM PERFORMANCE; VEGETATION PHENOLOGY AB There are many types of changes occurring over the Earth's landscapes that can be detected and monitored using Landsat data. Here we focus on monitoring "within-state," gradual changes in vegetation in contrast with traditional monitoring of "abrupt" land-cover conversions. Gradual changes result from a variety of processes, such as vegetation growth and succession, damage from insects and disease, responses to shifts in climate, and other factors. Despite the prevalence of gradual changes across the landscape, they are largely ignored by the remote sensing community. Gradual changes are best characterized and monitored using time-series analysis, and with the successful launch of Landsat 8 we now have appreciable data continuity that extends the Landsat legacy across the previous 43 years. In this study, we conducted three related analyses: (1) comparison of spectral values acquired by Landsats 7 and 8, separated by eight days, to ensure compatibility for time-series evaluation; (2) tracking of multitemporal signatures for different change processes across Landsat 5, 7, and 8 sensors using anniversary-date imagery; and (3) tracking the same type of processes using all available acquisitions. In this investigation, we found that data representing natural vegetation from Landsats 5, 7, and 8 were comparable and did not indicate a need for major modification prior to use for long-term monitoring. Analyses using- anniversary-date imagery can be very effective for assessing long term patterns and trends occurring across the landscape, and are especially good for providing insights regarding trends related to long-term and continuous trends of growth or decline. We found that use of all available data provided a much more comprehensive level of understanding of the trends occurring, providing information about rate, duration, and intra- and inter-annual variability that could not be readily gleaned from the anniversary date analyses. We observed that using all available clear Landsat 5-8 observations with the new Continuous Change Detection and Classification (CCDC) algorithm was very effective for illuminating vegetation trends. There are a number of potential challenges for assessing gradual changes, including atmospheric impacts, algorithm development and visualization of the changes. One of the biggest challenges for studying gradual change will be the lack of appropriate data for validating results and products. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Vogelmann, James E.; Gallant, Alisa L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Shi, Hua; Zhu, Zhe] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Vogelmann, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. OI Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 FU USGS Land Remote Sensing Program; USGS [08HQCN0007] FX We acknowledge support of this work from the USGS Land Remote Sensing Program. Work by H. Shi and Z. Zhu was performed under USGS contract 08HQCN0007. We also acknowledge computer support from Boston University for conducting the CCDC analyses. The authors thank Jesslyn Brown and three anonymous reviewers for their time and insights. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 104 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 27 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 185 SI SI BP 258 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.02.060 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EA1AY UT WOS:000386321900022 ER PT J AU Wulder, MA White, JC Loveland, TR Woodcock, CE Belward, AS Cohen, WB Fosnight, EA Shaw, J Masek, JG Roy, DP AF Wulder, Michael A. White, Joanne C. Loveland, Thomas R. Woodcock, Curtis E. Belward, Alan S. Cohen, Warren B. Fosnight, Eugene A. Shaw, Jerad Masek, Jeffrey G. Roy, David P. TI The global Landsat archive: Status, consolidation, and direction SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat Global Archive Consolidation; LGAC; Satellite; Monitoring; Landsat ID TERM ACQUISITION PLAN; COVER; RESOLUTION; MISSION; IMAGERY; AVAILABILITY; CONTINUITY; SATELLITE; ACCESS; RECORD AB New and previously unimaginable Landsat applications have been fostered by a policy change in 2008 that made analysis-ready Landsat data free and open access. Since 1972, Landsat has been collecting images of the Earth, with the early years of the program constrained by onboard satellite and ground systems, as well as limitations across the range of required computing, networking, and storage capabilities. Rather than robust on-satellite storage for transmission via high bandwidth downlink to a centralized storage and distribution facility as with Landsat-8, a network of receiving stations, one operated by the U.S. government, the other operated by a community of International Cooperators (ICs), were utilized. ICs paid a fee for the right to receive and distribute Landsat data and over time, more Landsat data was held outside the archive of the United State Geological Survey (USGS) than was held inside, much of it unique. Recognizing the critical value of these data, the USGS began a Landsat Global Archive Consolidation (LGAC) initiative in 2010 to bring these data into a single, universally accessible, centralized global archive, housed at the Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The primary LGAC goals are to inventory the data held by ICs, acquire the data, and ingest and apply standard ground station processing to generate an LIT analysis-ready product. As of January 1, 2015 there were 5,532,454 images in the USGS archive. LGAC has contributed approximately 3.2 million of those images, more than doubling the original USGS archive holdings. Moreover, an additional 23 million images have been identified to date through the LGAC initiative and are in the process of being added to the archive. The impact of LGAC is significant and, in terms of images in the collection, analogous to that of having had two additional Landsat-5 missions. As a result of LGAC, there are regions of the globe that now have markedly improved Landsat data coverage, resulting in an enhanced capacity for mapping, monitoring change, and capturing historic conditions. Although future missions can be planned and implemented, the past cannot be revisited, undetscoring the value and enhanced significance of historical Landsat data and the LGAC initiative. The aim of this paper is to report the current status of the global USGS Landsat archive, document the existing and anticipated contributions of LGAC to the archive, and characterize the current acquisitions of Landsat-7 and Landsat-8. Landsat-8 is adding data to the archive at an unprecedented rate as nearly all terrestrial images are now collected. We also offer key lessons learned so far from the LGAC initiative, plus insights regarding other critical elements of the Landsat program looking forward, such as acquisition, continuity, temporal revisit, and the importance of continuing to operationalize the Landsat program. Crown Copyright (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Wulder, Michael A.; White, Joanne C.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, 506 West Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Loveland, Thomas R.; Fosnight, Eugene A.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Woodcock, Curtis E.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Belward, Alan S.] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-20133 Milan, VA, Italy. [Cohen, Warren B.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Shaw, Jerad] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Masek, Jeffrey G.] NASA, Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Roy, David P.] South Dakota State Univ, Geospatial Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Wulder, MA (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, 506 West Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. EM mike.wulder@canada.ca OI White, Joanne/0000-0003-4674-0373; Wulder, Michael/0000-0002-6942-1896 FU Canadian Space Agency (CSA) Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP); Canadian Forest Service (CFS) of Natural Resources Canada FX This communication has been made possible and enriched by the ongoing discussions and deliberations of the USGS/NASA Landsat Science Team (https://landsat.usgs.gov/science_Landsat_Science_Team.php). The participation of Wulder and White was supported as part of the "National Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring System (NTEMS): Timely and detailed national cross-sector monitoring for Canada" project jointly funded by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP) and the Canadian Forest Service (CFS) of Natural Resources Canada. We greatly appreciate the time committed and the insightful comments made by three anonymous reviewers that helped us to improve the manuscript. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 185 SI SI BP 271 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.11.032 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EA1AY UT WOS:000386321900023 ER PT J AU White, JT Fienen, MN Doherty, JE AF White, Jeremy T. Fienen, Michael N. Doherty, John E. TI A python framework for environmental model uncertainty analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Uncertainty analysis; FOSM; Python; Model independent; Highly-parameterized; Data worth analysis ID EVALUATING PARAMETER IDENTIFIABILITY; ERROR REDUCTION; 2 STATISTICS; CALIBRATION; MANAGEMENT; DECISION AB We have developed pyEMU, a python framework for Environmental Modeling Uncertainty analyses, open-source tool that is non-intrusive, easy-to-use, computationally efficient, and scalable to highly parameterized inverse problems. The framework implements several types of linear (first-order, second-moment (FOSM)) and non-linear uncertainty analyses. The FOSM-based analyses can also be completed prior to parameter estimation to help inform important modeling decisions, such as parameterization and objective function formulation. Complete workflows for several types of FOSM-based and non-linear analyses are documented in example notebooks implemented using Jupyter that are available in the online pyEMU repository. Example workflows include basic parameter and forecast analyses, data worth analyses, and error-variance analyses, as well as usage of parameter ensemble generation and management capabilities. These workflows document the necessary steps and provides insights into the results, with the goal of educating users not only in how to apply pyEMU, but also in the underlying theory of applied uncertainty quantification. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [White, Jeremy T.] US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Fienen, Michael N.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI USA. [Doherty, John E.] Watermark Numer Comp, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP White, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Texas Water Sci Ctr, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM jwhite@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 85 BP 217 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.08.017 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ1JX UT WOS:000385595800016 ER PT J AU Elvert, M Pohlman, JW Becker, KW Gaglioti, B Hinrichs, KU Wooller, MJ AF Elvert, Marcus Pohlman, John W. Becker, Kevin W. Gaglioti, Benjamin Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe Wooller, Matthew J. TI Methane turnover and environmental change from Holocene lipid biomarker records in a thermokarst lake in Arctic Alaska SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; climate change; Holocene Thermal Maximum; lipid biomarkers; methane oxidation; stable isotopes; thermokarst lakes ID DELTA-D VALUES; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; BRANCHED GDGTS; N-ALKANES; FOOD WEBS; CARBON; SEDIMENTS; TEMPERATURE; SOILS; PROXY AB Arctic lakes and wetlands contribute a substantial amount of methane to the contemporary atmosphere, yet profound knowledge gaps remain regarding the intensity and climatic control of past methane emissions from this source. In this study, we reconstruct methane turnover and environmental conditions, including estimates of mean annual and summer temperature, from a thermokarst lake (Lake Qalluuraq) on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska for the Holocene by using source-specific lipid biomarkers preserved in a radiocarbon-dated sediment core. Our results document a more prominent role for methane in the carbon cycle when the lake basin was an emergent fen habitat between similar to 12,300 and similar to 10,000 cal yr BP, a time period closely coinciding with the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) in North Alaska. Enhanced methane turnover was stimulated by relatively warm temperatures, increased moisture, nutrient supply, and primary productivity. After similar to 10,000 cal yr BP, a thermokarst lake with abundant submerged mosses evolved, and through the mid-Holocene temperatures were approximately 3 degrees C cooler. Under these conditions, organic matter decomposition was attenuated, which facilitated the accumulation of submerged mosses within a shallower Lake Qalluuraq. Reduced methane assimilation into biomass during the mid-Holocene suggests that thermokarst lakes are carbon sinks during cold periods. In the late-Holocene from similar to 2700 cal yr BP to the most recent time, however, temperatures and carbon deposition rose and methane oxidation intensified, indicating that more rapid organic matter decomposition and enhanced methane production could amplify climate feedback via potential methane emissions in the future. C1 [Elvert, Marcus; Becker, Kevin W.; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe] Univ Bremen, Organ Geochem Grp, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, Leobener Str, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Pohlman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Becker, Kevin W.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gaglioti, Benjamin; Wooller, Matthew J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Gaglioti, Benjamin] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Wooller, Matthew J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Elvert, M (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Organ Geochem Grp, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, Leobener Str, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.; Elvert, M (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, Leobener Str, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM melvert@uni-bremen.de OI Becker, Kevin W./0000-0001-6317-1884 FU 'Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft' through the DFG-Research Center/Excellence Cluster MARUM 'The Ocean in the Earth System'; US Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-NT000565]; US National Science Foundation [ARC-0909523]; USGS Gas Hydrates Project [DE-FE0002911]; US Department of Energy Methane Hydrates RD Program [DE-FE0002911] FX Funding for ME, KWB, and K-UH was provided by the 'Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft' through the DFG-Research Center/Excellence Cluster MARUM 'The Ocean in the Earth System'. This work was also supported by funding from the US Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory (Grant DE-NT000565) and from an award from the US National Science Foundation awarded to MJW (Grant ARC-0909523). Additional support for this research was provided by Interagency Agreement DE-FE0002911 between the USGS Gas Hydrates Project and the US Department of Energy Methane Hydrates R&D Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 EI 1477-0911 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD NOV PY 2016 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1766 EP 1777 DI 10.1177/0959683616645942 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DZ4VW UT WOS:000385859800003 ER PT J AU Cui, H Grazhdankin, DV Xiao, SH Peek, S Rogov, VI Bykova, NV Sievers, NE Liu, XM Kaufman, AJ AF Cui, Huan Grazhdankin, Dmitriy V. Xiao, Shuhai Peek, Sara Rogov, Vladimir I. Bykova, Natalia V. Sievers, Natalie E. Liu, Xiao-Ming Kaufman, Alan J. TI Redox-dependent distribution of early macro-organisms: Evidence from the terminal Ediacaran Khatyspyt Formation in Arctic Siberia SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chemostratigraphy; Redox condition; Early macro-organism distribution; Carbon and sulfur cycles; Oceanic euxinia; Superheavy pyrite ID CARBONATE-ASSOCIATED SULFATE; PRECAMBRIAN-CAMBRIAN BOUNDARY; SULFUR ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; PROTEROZOIC OCEAN CHEMISTRY; LOW MARINE SULFATE; SULTANATE-OF-OMAN; SOUTH CHINA SEA; DOUSHANTUO FORMATION; ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN; YANGTZE PLATFORM AB The Ediacaran Period witnessed the first appearance of macroscopic animal life in Earth's history. However, the biogeochemical context for the stratigraphic occurrence of early metazoans is largely uncertain, in part due to the dearth of integrated paleobiological and chemostratigraphic datasets. In this study, a comprehensive geochemical analysis was conducted on the fossiliferous Khatyspyt Formation in Arctic Siberia, in order to gain insights into the Ediacaran paleoenvironments. This study was designed to specifically address the relationship between paleoredox conditions and Ediacaran fossil occurrences in the Khatyspyt Formation. Our data reveal a dramatic shift in pyrite sulfur isotope compositions (delta S-34(pyrite)) from ca. -20 parts per thousand to ca. 55 parts per thousand, and this shift is intriguingly associated with the first occurrence of Ediacara-type macrofossils at the studied section, suggesting a possible link between seawater redox conditions and distribution of early macroscopic organisms. Based on multiple lines of sedimentological and geochemical evidence, we propose that the development of oceanic euxinia - which may be widespread in the continental margins due to enhanced oxidative weathering in the terminal Ediacaran Period may have locally prohibited the colonization of Ediacara-type organisms and resulted in low delta S-34(pyrite) values in the lower Khatyspyt Formation. In the middle and upper Khatyspyt Formation, progressive secular transition from euxinic to non-euxinic and more habitable conditions may have allowed for the colonization of Ediacara-type and other macro-organisms. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cui, Huan] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cui, Huan] Univ Wisconsin, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cui, Huan; Peek, Sara; Sievers, Natalie E.; Kaufman, Alan J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cui, Huan; Peek, Sara; Sievers, Natalie E.; Kaufman, Alan J.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Grazhdankin, Dmitriy V.; Rogov, Vladimir I.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Trofimuk Inst Petr Geol & Geophys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Grazhdankin, Dmitriy V.] Novosibirsk State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Xiao, Shuhai; Bykova, Natalia V.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Liu, Xiao-Ming] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Peek, Sara] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sievers, Natalie E.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Sch Earth Energy & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Cui, H (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Cui, H (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Huan.Cui@Wisc.EDU RI Xiao, Shuhai/A-2190-2009; Grazhdankin, Dmitriy/A-4060-2008; OI Xiao, Shuhai/0000-0003-4655-2663; Grazhdankin, Dmitriy/0000-0003-0797-1347; Cui, Huan/0000-0003-0705-3423 FU NASA Exobiology grant [NNX12AR91G, NNX15AL27G]; NSF Sedimentary Geology and Paleontology grant [EAR0844270, EAR1528553]; Carnegie Institution of Washington Postdoctoral Fellowship; Russian Science Foundation [14-17-00409]; Committee of the National Geographic Society for Research and Exploration [8227-07, 8637-09, 9031-11]; NASA Astrobiology Institute FX This research is funded by the NASA Exobiology grant (NNX12AR91G to AJK and NNX15AL27G to SX), the NSF Sedimentary Geology and Paleontology grant (EAR0844270 to AJK; EAR1528553 to SX), the Carnegie Institution of Washington Postdoctoral Fellowship to XML. Part of the stratigraphic, sedimentological and paleoecological studies of the Khatyspyt Formation was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 14-17-00409 to DVG) and the Committee of the National Geographic Society for Research and Exploration (grants 8227-07, 8637-09, 9031-11 to DVG). HC acknowledges the NASA Astrobiology Institute for support. NR 193 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 461 BP 122 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.08.015 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA DZ1LM UT WOS:000385599900011 ER PT J AU Schott, KG Krusor, C Tinker, MT Moore, J Conrad, PA Shapiro, K AF Schott, Kristen G. Krusor, Colin Tinker, M. Tim Moore, James Conrad, Patricia A. Shapiro, Karen TI Concentration and retention of Toxoplasma gondii surrogates from seawater by red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; transmission; oocysts; surrogates; abalone; marine snails; sea otter ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; SEA OTTERS; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; WITHERING SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; OOCYSTS; INFECTION; FRESH; FOOD; SPECIALIZATION AB Small marine snails and abalone have been identified as high- and low-risk prey items, respectively, for exposure of threatened southern sea otters to Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic parasite that can cause fatal encephalitis in animals and humans. While recent work has characterized snails as paratenic hosts for T. gondii, the ability of abalone to vector the parasite has not been evaluated. To further elucidate why abalone predation may be protective against T. gondii exposure, this study aimed to determine whether: (1) abalone are physiologically capable of acquiring T. gondii; and (2) abalone and snails differ in their ability to concentrate and retain the parasite. Abalone were exposed to T. gondii surrogate microspheres for 24 h, and fecal samples were examined for 2 weeks following exposure. Concentration of surrogates was 2-3 orders of magnitude greater in abalone feces than in the spiked seawater, and excretion of surrogates continued for 14 days post-exposure. These results indicate that, physiologically, abalone and snails can equally vector T. gondii as paratenic hosts. Reduced risk of T. gondii infection in abalone-specializing otters may therefore result from abalone's high nutritional value, which implies otters must consume fewer animals to meet their caloric needs. C1 [Schott, Kristen G.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Krusor, Colin; Conrad, Patricia A.; Shapiro, Karen] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tinker, M. Tim] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Long Marine Lab, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Tinker, M. Tim] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Moore, James] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, POB 247, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Moore, James] UC Davis Bodega, Marine Lab, POB 247, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Conrad, Patricia A.; Shapiro, Karen] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Hlth Inst 1, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Shapiro, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kshapiro@ucdavis.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Ecology of Infectious Disease programme [OCE-1065990]; Princeton University Office of the Dean of the College; U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology John T. Bonner Senior Thesis Fund FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Ecology of Infectious Disease programme (grant no. OCE-1065990) (to K.S., C.K. and P.A.C.); the Princeton University Office of the Dean of the College (to K.C.S.); U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center; and the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology John T. Bonner Senior Thesis Fund (to K.C.S.). NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 EI 1469-8161 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD NOV PY 2016 VL 143 IS 13 BP 1703 EP 1712 DI 10.1017/S0031182016001359 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA DZ3AL UT WOS:000385715300003 PM 27573192 ER PT J AU Cooke, SJ Allison, EH Beard, TD Arlinghaus, R Arthington, AH Bartley, DM Cowx, IG Fuentevilla, C Leonard, NJ Lorenzen, K Lynch, AJ Nguyen, VM Youn, SJ Taylor, WW Welcomme, RL AF Cooke, Steven J. Allison, Edward H. Beard, T. Douglas, Jr. Arlinghaus, Robert Arthington, Angela H. Bartley, Devin M. Cowx, Ian G. Fuentevilla, Carlos Leonard, Nancy J. Lorenzen, Kai Lynch, Abigail J. Nguyen, Vivian M. Youn, So-Jung Taylor, William W. Welcomme, Robin L. TI On the sustainability of inland fisheries: Finding a future for the forgotten SO AMBIO LA English DT Article DE Inland fisheries; Sustainability; Governance; Integrated water resources management; Food-water-energy nexus ID FRESH-WATER FISH; SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES; CAPTURE FISHERIES; FOOD SECURITY; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; THREATS; MARINE AB At present, inland fisheries are not often a national or regional governance priority and as a result, inland capture fisheries are undervalued and largely overlooked. As such they are threatened in both developing and developed countries. Indeed, due to lack of reliable data, inland fisheries have never been part of any high profile global fisheries assessment and are notably absent from the Sustainable Development Goals. The general public and policy makers are largely ignorant of the plight of freshwater ecosystems and the fish they support, as well as the ecosystem services generated by inland fisheries. This ignorance is particularly salient given that the current emphasis on the food-water-energy nexus often fails to include the important role that inland fish and fisheries play in food security and supporting livelihoods in low-income food deficit countries. Developing countries in Africa and Asia produce about 11 million tonnes of inland fish annually, 90 % of the global total. The role of inland fisheries goes beyond just kilocalories; fish provide important micronutrients and essentially fatty acids. In some regions, inland recreational fisheries are important, generating much wealth and supporting livelihoods. The following three key recommendations are necessary for action if inland fisheries are to become a part of the food-water-energy discussion: invest in improved valuation and assessment methods, build better methods to effectively govern inland fisheries (requires capacity building and incentives), and develop approaches to managing waters across sectors and scales. Moreover, if inland fisheries are recognized as important to food security, livelihoods, and human well-being, they can be more easily incorporated in regional, national, and global policies and agreements on water issues. Through these approaches, inland fisheries can be better evaluated and be more fully recognized in broader water resource and aquatic ecosystem planning and decision-making frameworks, enhancing their value and sustainability for the future. C1 [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol & Inst Environm Sci, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Allison, Edward H.] Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, Seattle, WA USA. [Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] United States Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. [Arlinghaus, Robert] Humboldt Univ, Dept Biol & Ecol Fishes, Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany. [Arlinghaus, Robert] Humboldt Univ, Integrat Res Inst Transformat Human Environm Syst, Berlin, Germany. [Arthington, Angela H.] Australian Rivers Inst, Griffith Univ, Logan, Qld, Australia. [Bartley, Devin M.; Fuentevilla, Carlos] United Nations, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, Food & Agr Org, Rome, Italy. [Cowx, Ian G.] Univ Hull, Hull Int Fisheries Inst, Kingston Upon Hull, N Humberside, England. [Leonard, Nancy J.] Northwest Power & Conservat Council, Portland, OR USA. [Lorenzen, Kai] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lynch, Abigail J.] United States Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. [Nguyen, Vivian M.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Nguyen, Vivian M.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Youn, So-Jung; Taylor, William W.] Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Welcomme, Robin L.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, Silwood Pk, Ascot, Berks, England. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol & Inst Environm Sci, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON, Canada. EM steven_cooke@carleton.ca OI Lynch, Abigail J./0000-0001-8449-8392 FU Canada Research Chairs Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Too Big To Ignore Network of the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada FX The Global Conference was convened as part of a partnership agreement between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and Michigan State University (MSU); the contributions of FAO, MSU, the American Fisheries Society, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, and the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research in support of the Global Conference is gratefully acknowledged. Cooke is supported by the Canada Research Chairs Program, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Too Big To Ignore Network of the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada. We thank several anonymous referees for providing valuable input on the manuscript. Kathryn Dufour assisted with formatting the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Photo credits: Karen Murchie, Ian Cowx, and Vivian Nguyen. NR 101 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 21 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 EI 1654-7209 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD NOV PY 2016 VL 45 IS 7 BP 753 EP 764 DI 10.1007/s13280-016-0787-4 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DY5OY UT WOS:000385151100001 PM 27312662 ER PT J AU Tucker, AJ Chadderton, WL Jerde, CL Renshaw, MA Uy, K Gantz, C Mahon, AR Bowen, A Strakosh, T Bossenbroek, JM Sieracki, JL Beletsky, D Bergner, J Lodge, DM AF Tucker, Andrew J. Chadderton, W. Lindsay Jerde, Christopher L. Renshaw, Mark A. Uy, Karen Gantz, Crysta Mahon, Andrew R. Bowen, Anjanette Strakosh, Timothy Bossenbroek, Jonathan M. Sieracki, Jennifer L. Beletsky, Dmitry Bergner, Jennifer Lodge, David M. TI A sensitive environmental DNA (eDNA) assay leads to new insights on Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua) spread in North America SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); Aquatic invasive species (AIS); Surveillance; Early detection ID LAKE-SUPERIOR; GREAT-LAKES; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; MANAGEMENT; RIVER; GENETICS; PROGRAM; QUALITY; RISK AB Detection of invasive species before or soon after they establish in novel environments is critical to prevent widespread ecological and economic impacts. Environmental DNA (eDNA) surveillance and monitoring is an approach to improve early detection efforts. Here we describe a large-scale conservation application of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay with a case study for surveillance of a federally listed nuisance species (Ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernua) in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Using current Ruffe distribution data and predictions of future Ruffe spread derived from a recently developed model of ballast-mediated dispersal in US waters of the Great Lakes, we designed an eDNA surveillance study to target Ruffe at the putative leading edge of the invasion. We report a much more advanced invasion front for Ruffe than has been indicated by conventional surveillance methods and we quantify rates of false negative detections (i.e. failure to detect DNA when it is present in a sample). Our results highlight the important role of eDNA surveillance as a sensitive tool to improve early detection efforts for aquatic invasive species and draw attention to the need for an improved understanding of detection errors. Based on axes that reflect the weight of eDNA evidence of species presence and the likelihood of secondary spread, we suggest a two-dimensional conceptual model that management agencies might find useful in considering responses to eDNA detections. C1 [Tucker, Andrew J.; Chadderton, W. Lindsay] Nature Conservancy, 1400 E Angela Blvd,Unit 117, South Bend, IN 46617 USA. [Jerde, Christopher L.; Lodge, David M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Environm Change Initiat, 100 Galvin Life Sci Ctr, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Renshaw, Mark A.; Uy, Karen; Gantz, Crysta] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, 100 Galvin Life Sci Ctr, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Mahon, Andrew R.; Bergner, Jennifer] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Inst Great Lakes Res, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Bowen, Anjanette] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 480 W Fletcher St, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [Strakosh, Timothy] Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 2661 Scott Tower Dr, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. [Bossenbroek, Jonathan M.; Sieracki, Jennifer L.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Lake Erie Ctr, Oregon, OH 43616 USA. [Beletsky, Dmitry] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Tucker, AJ (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 1400 E Angela Blvd,Unit 117, South Bend, IN 46617 USA. EM atucker@tnc.org NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 39 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD NOV PY 2016 VL 18 IS 11 BP 3205 EP 3222 DI 10.1007/s10530-016-1209-z PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DY5RN UT WOS:000385159900013 ER PT J AU Smith, BJ Cherkiss, MS Hart, KM Rochford, MR Selby, TH Snow, RW Mazzotti, FJ AF Smith, Brian J. Cherkiss, Michael S. Hart, Kristen M. Rochford, Michael R. Selby, Thomas H. Snow, Ray W. Mazzotti, Frank J. TI Betrayal: radio-tagged Burmese pythons reveal locations of conspecifics in Everglades National Park SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Control tool; Invasive species; Catch per unit effort; Judas; Python bivittatus; Radio-telemetry ID MOLURUS-BIVITTATUS; FERAL GOATS; JUDAS TECHNIQUE; FLORIDA; ERADICATION; ISLAND; AMPHIBIANS; GALAPAGOS; REPTILES; BIRDS AB The "Judas" technique is based on the idea that a radio-tagged individual can be used to "betray" conspecifics during the course of its routine social behavior. The Burmese python (Python bivittatus) is an invasive constrictor in southern Florida, and few methods are available for its control. Pythons are normally solitary, but from December-April in southern Florida, they form breeding aggregations containing up to 8 individuals, providing an opportunity to apply the technique. We radio-tracked 25 individual adult pythons of both sexes during the breeding season from 2007-2012. Our goals were to (1) characterize python movements and determine habitat selection for betrayal events, (2) quantify betrayal rates of Judas pythons, and (3) compare the efficacy of this tool with current tools for capturing pythons, both in terms of cost per python removed (CPP) and catch per unit effort (CPUE). In a total of 33 python-seasons, we had 8 betrayal events (24 %) in which a Judas python led us to new pythons. Betrayal events occurred more frequently in lowland forest (including tree islands) than would be expected by chance alone. These 8 events resulted in the capture of 14 new individuals (1-4 new pythons per event). Our effort comparison shows that while the Judas technique is more costly than road cruising surveys per python removed, the Judas technique yields more large, reproductive females and is effective at a time of year that road cruising is not, making it a potential complement to the status quo removal effort. C1 [Smith, Brian J.; Rochford, Michael R.; Selby, Thomas H.; Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Cherkiss, Michael S.; Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 3321 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Snow, Ray W.] Natl Pk Serv, Everglades Natl Pk, 40001 State Rd 9336, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. RP Smith, BJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM bsmity13@ufl.edu OI Smith, Brian/0000-0002-0531-0492 FU National Park Service; USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program FX All python radio-tracking was permitted under University of Florida animal care protocols F162 and 009-08-FTL, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission permit ESC 08-02, and National Park Service (Everglades) permits EVER-2007-SCI-001, EVER-2009-SCI-001, and EVER-2011-SCI-0002. We thank M. Brien, J. Carrigan, A. Crowder, S. Gonzalez, B. Greeves, T. Hill, B. Jeffery, T. Kieckhefer, M. Parry, T. Walters, A. Wolf, and others for assistance in the field. Two anonymous reviewers, Associate Editor F. Kraus, and B. Falk provided valuable reviews that greatly improved this manuscript. Funding was provided by the National Park Service and the USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program. References to non-USGS products and services are provided for information only and do not constitute endorsement or warranty, expressed or implied, by the U.S. Government, as to their suitability, content, usefulness, functioning, completeness, or accuracy. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 46 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD NOV PY 2016 VL 18 IS 11 BP 3239 EP 3250 DI 10.1007/s10530-016-1211-5 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DY5RN UT WOS:000385159900015 ER PT J AU Sovie, AR McCleery, RA Fletcher, RJ Hart, KM AF Sovie, Adia R. McCleery, Robert A. Fletcher, Robert J., Jr. Hart, Kristen M. TI Invasive pythons, not anthropogenic stressors, explain the distribution of a keystone species SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE North America; Mammals; Distribution modeling; Python molurus bivittatus; Sylvilagus palustris ID EVERGLADES NATIONAL-PARK; ENDANGERED LAGOMORPH; RABBIT ABUNDANCE; BURMESE PYTHONS; UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEMS; LANDSCAPE; DRIVERS; FLORIDA; CONSERVATION AB Untangling the causes of native species loss in human-modified systems is difficult and often controversial. Evaluating the impact of non-native species in these systems is particularly challenging, as additional human perturbations often precede or accompany introductions. One example is the ongoing debate over whether mammal declines within Everglades National Park (ENP) were caused by either the establishment of non-native Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) or the effects of other anthropogenic stressors. We examined the influence of both pythons and a host of alternative stressors-altered hydrology and habitat characteristics, mercury contamination and development-on the distribution of the marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris), a once common mammal in ENP. Distance from the epicenter of the python invasion best explained marsh rabbit occurrence in suitable habitat patches, whereas none of the alternative stressors considered could explain marsh rabbit distribution. Estimates of the probability of marsh rabbit occurrence ranged from 0 at the python invasion epicenter to nearly 1.0 150 km from the invasion epicenter. These results support the hypothesis that invasive pythons shape the distribution of marsh rabbits in southern Florida. The loss of marsh rabbits and similar species will likely alter trophic interactions and ecosystem function within the Everglades, an internationally important hotspot of biodiversity. Further, our results suggest that non-native species can have profound impacts on mainland biodiversity. C1 [Sovie, Adia R.; McCleery, Robert A.; Fletcher, Robert J., Jr.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall,POB 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Sovie, AR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall,POB 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM asovie@ufl.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Studies Program; University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Science; Everglades Foundation FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Studies Program, the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Science and the Everglades Foundation. Special thanks to Everglades National Park, Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge, Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Biscayne National Park, Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Big Cypress National Preserve, Collier-Seminole State Park, Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission for their assistance on this project. The project was carried out under research permit EVER-2012-SCI-0038, BICY-00110 and FWC_LSSC-12-00039. The authors acknowledge the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) project and the U.S. Geological Survey for providing the water flow data for the purpose of this research/report. Special thanks to all field assistants and volunteers. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly benefited the paper's clarity, organization and message. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 68 U2 68 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD NOV PY 2016 VL 18 IS 11 BP 3309 EP 3318 DI 10.1007/s10530-016-1221-3 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DY5RN UT WOS:000385159900020 ER PT J AU Smith, CG Price, RM Swarzenski, PW Stalker, JC AF Smith, Christopher G. Price, Rene M. Swarzenski, Peter W. Stalker, Jeremy C. TI The Role of Ocean Tides on Groundwater-Surface Water Exchange in a Mangrove-Dominated Estuary: Shark River Slough, Florida Coastal Everglades, USA SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Burrow flushing; Radon-222 (Rn-222); Radium isotopes; Coastal groundwater discharge ID SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; TIDAL CREEK; CONTINUOUS MONITOR; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; NUTRIENT FLUXES; RADIUM ISOTOPES; ORGANIC-MATTER; DISCHARGE; SEDIMENTS; RN-222 AB Low-relief environments like the Florida Coastal Everglades (FCE) have complicated hydrologic systems where surface water and groundwater processes are intimately linked yet hard to separate. Fluid exchange within these low-hydraulic-gradient systems can occur across broad spatial and temporal scales, with variable contributions to material transport and transformation. Identifying and assessing the scales at which these processes operate is essential for accurate evaluations of how these systems contribute to global biogeochemical cycles. The distribution of Rn-222 and Ra-223,Ra-224,Ra-226 have complex spatial patterns along the Shark River Slough estuary (SRSE), Everglades, FL. High-resolution time-series measurements of Rn-222 activity, salinity, and water level were used to quantify processes affecting radon fluxes out of the mangrove forest over a tidal cycle. Based on field data, tidal pumping through an extensive network of crab burrows in the lower FCE provides the best explanation for the high radon and fluid fluxes. Burrows are irrigated during rising tides when radon and other dissolved constituents are released from the mangrove soil. Flushing efficiency of the burrows-defined as the tidal volume divided by the volume of burrows-estimated for the creek drainage area vary seasonally from 25 (wet season) to 100 % (dry season) in this study. The tidal pumping of the mangrove forest soil acts as a significant vector for exchange between the forest and the estuary. Processes that enhance exchange of O-2 and other materials across the sediment-water interface could have a profound impact on the environmental response to larger scale processes such as sea level rise and climate change. Compounding the material budgets of the SRSE are additional inputs from groundwater from the Biscayne Aquifer, which were identified using radium isotopes. Quantification of the deep groundwater component is not obtainable, but isotopic data suggest a more prevalent signal in the dry season. These findings highlight the important role that both tidal- and seasonal-scale forcings play on groundwater movement in low-gradient hydrologic systems. C1 [Smith, Christopher G.] USGS St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 Fourth St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Price, Rene M.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, AHC5-373,11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Price, Rene M.] Florida Int Univ, Southeast Environm Res Ctr, AHC5-373,11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Swarzenski, Peter W.] USGS Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Stalker, Jeremy C.] Jacksonville Univ, Dept Biol & Marine Sci, MSRI Off 258, 2800 Univ Blvd, North Jacksonville, FL 32211 USA. RP Smith, CG (reprint author), USGS St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 Fourth St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM cgsmith@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program [DBI-0620409, DEB-1237517]; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under Grant Nos. DBI-0620409 and DEB-1237517. This is SERC contribution number 774. The authors would like to thank T.J. Smith, III and Gordon Anderson for access to groundwater wells along the Shark River Slough as well as Jordon Sanford and Lance Thornton for their help in the field. We would also like to think Lisa Robbins and two anonymous reviews for providing constructive feedback that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. Finally, we would like to thank Victor Engel (formerly of the National Park Service) and the National Park Service for access to the Florida Coastal Everglades. The authors CGS and PWS would like to thank the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program for continued support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 29 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD NOV PY 2016 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1600 EP 1616 DI 10.1007/s12237-016-0079-z PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DY4AR UT WOS:000385041900003 ER PT J AU Konar, B Iken, K Coletti, H Monson, D Weitzman, B AF Konar, B. Iken, K. Coletti, H. Monson, D. Weitzman, B. TI Influence of Static Habitat Attributes on Local and Regional Rocky Intertidal Community Structure SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Static drivers; Rocky intertidal community structure; Habitat attributes ID WAVE EXPOSURE; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; KELP FORESTS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; PATTERNS; TEMPERATURE; DISTURBANCE; SHORE; RECRUITMENT; COMPLEXITY AB Rocky intertidal communities are structured by local environmental drivers, which can be dynamic, fluctuating on various temporal scales, or static and not greatly varying across years. We examined the role of six static drivers (distance to freshwater, tidewater glacial presence, wave exposure, fetch, beach slope, and substrate composition) on intertidal community structure across the northern Gulf of Alaska. We hypothesized that community structure is less similar at the local scale compared with the regional scale, coinciding with static drivers being less similar on smaller than larger scales. We also hypothesized that static attributes mainly drive local biological community structure. For this, we surveyed five to six sites in each of the six regions in the mid and low intertidal strata. Across regions, static attributes were not consistently different and only small clusters of sites had similar attributes. Additionally, intertidal communities were less similar on the site compared with the region level. These results suggest that these biological communities are not strongly influenced by the local static attributes measured in this study. An alternative explanation is that static attributes among our regions are not different enough to influence the biological communities. This lack of evidence for a strong static driver may be a result of our site selection, which targeted rocky sheltered communities. This suggests that this habitat may be ideal to examine the influence of dynamic drivers. We recommend that future analyses of dynamic attributes may best be performed after analyses have demonstrated that sites do not differ in static attributes. C1 [Konar, B.; Iken, K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Coletti, H.] Southwest Alaska Network, Natl Pk Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Monson, D.; Weitzman, B.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Konar, B (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM bhkonar@alaska.edu OI Weitzman, Benjamin/0000-0001-7559-3654 FU National Park Service; USGS; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council FX The authors thank all the student volunteers who assisted with the field work associated with this project. The authors also thank Kris Holderied and Dominic Hondelero for their continued support of the Alaska Gulf Watch Monitoring. The research described in this paper was supported by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council. However, the findings and conclusions presented by the authors are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views or position of the Trustee Council. Additional funding also came from the National Park Service and USGS. The authors also thank T. Dean, L. Divine, D. Esler, A. Ravelo, T. Schollmeier, S. Traiger, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved this manuscript. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD NOV PY 2016 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1735 EP 1745 DI 10.1007/s12237-016-0114-0 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DY4AR UT WOS:000385041900013 ER PT J AU Roberts-Ashby, T Ashby, B AF Roberts-Ashby, Tina Ashby, Brandon TI A method for examining the geospatial distribution of CO2 storage resources applied to the Pre-Punta Gorda Composite and Dollar Bay reservoirs of the South Florida Basin, USA SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Geologic CO2 storage; Storage resource distribution; Geospatial modeling; Reservoir parameters; Spatial variation; Deep saline reservoirs; South Florida; Carbonate rock AB This paper demonstrates geospatial modification of the USGS methodology for assessing geologic CO2 storage resources, and was applied to the Pre-Punta Gorda Composite and Dollar Bay reservoirs of the South Florida Basin. The study provides detailed evaluation of porous intervals within these reservoirs and utilizes GIS to evaluate the potential spatial distribution of reservoir parameters and volume of CO2 that can be stored. This study also shows that incorporating spatial variation of parameters using detailed and robust datasets may improve estimates of storage resources when compared to applying uniform values across the study area derived from small datasets, like many assessment methodologies. Geo-spatially derived estimates of storage resources presented here (Pre-Punta Gorda Composite = 105,570 MtCO(2;) Dollar Bay = 24,760 MtCO(2)) were greater than previous assessments, which was largely attributed to the fact that detailed evaluation of these reservoirs resulted in higher estimates of porosity and net-porous thickness, and areas of high porosity and thick net-porous intervals were incorporated into the model, likely increasing the calculated volume of storage space available for CO2 sequestration. The geospatial method for evaluating CO2 storage resources also provides the ability to identify areas that potentially contain higher volumes of storage resources, as well as areas that might be less favorable. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Roberts-Ashby, Tina] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Ashby, Brandon] Washington Gas WGL Holdings Inc, 6801 Ind Rd, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP Roberts-Ashby, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM troberts-ashby@usgs.gov; bashby@washgas.com NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 EI 1873-4073 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 77 BP 141 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.06.010 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DY1NJ UT WOS:000384861400010 ER PT J AU Hamilton, CM Baumann, M Pidgeon, AM Helmers, DP Thogmartin, WE Heglund, PJ Radeloff, VC AF Hamilton, Christopher M. Baumann, Matthias Pidgeon, Anna M. Helmers, David P. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Heglund, Patricia J. Radeloff, Volker C. TI Past and predicted future effects of housing growth on open space conservation opportunity areas and habitat connectivity around National Wildlife Refuges SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Connectivity; Corridors; Climate change adaptation; Exurban growth; Housing growth ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; PROTECTED AREAS; LAND-USE; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT; MINIMIZING IMPACTS; TRADE-OFF; SCENARIOS; DENSITY; USA AB Housing growth can alter suitability of matrix habitats around protected areas, strongly affecting movements of organisms and, consequently, threatening connectivity of protected area networks. Our goal was to quantify distribution and growth of housing around the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge System. This is important information for conservation planning, particularly given promotion of habitat connectivity as a climate change adaptation measure. We quantified housing growth from 1940 to 2000 and projected future growth to 2030 within three distances from refuges, identifying very low housing density open space, "opportunity areas" (contiguous areas with < 6.17 houses/km(2)), both nationally and by USFWS administrative region. Additionally, we quantified number and area of habitat corridors within these opportunity areas in 2000. Our results indicated that the number and area of open space opportunity areas generally decreased with increasing distance from refuges and with the passage of time. Furthermore, total area in habitat corridors was much lower than in opportunity areas. In addition, the number of corridors sometimes exceeded number of opportunity areas as a result of habitat fragmentation, indicating corridors are likely vulnerable to land use change. Finally, regional differences were strong and indicated some refuges may have experienced so much housing growth already that they are effectively too isolated to adapt to climate change, while others may require extensive habitat restoration work. Wildlife refuges are increasingly isolated by residential housing development, potentially constraining the movement of wildlife and, therefore, their ability to adapt to a changing climate. C1 [Hamilton, Christopher M.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv Oregon, 1201 NE Lloyd Blvd, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Baumann, Matthias; Pidgeon, Anna M.; Helmers, David P.; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, SILVIS Lab, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Heglund, Patricia J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Baumann, Matthias] Humboldt Univ, Dept Geog, Rudower Chaussee 16,Raum 2 101, Berlin, Germany. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 FU U.S. Geological Survey/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Science Support Program FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Science Support Program Partnership. We very much appreciate the helpful comments of anonymous reviewers and the patience of the editorial staff of this journal, which greatly helped to improve an earlier version of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This publication represents the views of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2175 EP 2186 DI 10.1007/s10980-016-0392-8 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA DX5RB UT WOS:000384438000018 ER PT J AU Zhu, XY Nordstrom, DK McCleskey, RB Wang, RC AF Zhu, Xiangyu Nordstrom, D. Kirk McCleskey, R. Blaine Wang, Rucheng TI Ionic molal conductivities, activity coefficients, and dissociation constants of HAsO42- and H2AsO4- from 5 to 90 degrees C and ionic strengths from 0.001 up to 3 mol kg(-1) and applications in natural systems SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Activity coefficient; Stability constant; Ionic conductivity; Thermodynamic property ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; STRONG ELECTROLYTES; AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTES; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; HIGH-PRESSURES; 673 K; WATER; CONDUCTANCE; CONSEQUENCES AB Arsenic is known to be one of the most toxic inorganic elements, causing worldwide environmental contamination. However, many fundamental properties related to aqueous arsenic species are not well known which will inhibit our ability to understand the geochemical behavior of arsenic (e.g. speciation, transport, and solubility). Here, the electrical conductivity of Na2HAsO4 solutions has been measured over the concentration range of 0.001-1 mol kg(-1) and the temperature range of 5-90 degrees C. Ionic strength and temperature-dependent equations were derived for the molal conductivity of HAsO42- and H2AsO4- aqueous ions. Combined with speciation calculations and the approach used by McCleskey et al. (2012b), these equations can be used to calculate the electrical conductivities of arsenic-rich waters having a large range of effective ionic strengths (0.001-3 mol kg(-1)) and temperatures (5-90 degrees C). Individual ion activity coefficients for HAsO42- and H2AsO4- in the form of the Huckel equation were also derived using the mean salt method and the mean activity coefficients of K2HAsO4 (0.001-1 mol kg(-1)) and KH2AsO4 (0.001-1.3 mol kg(-1)). A check on these activity coefficients was made by calculating mean activity coefficients for Na2HAsO4 and NaH2AsO4 solutions and comparing them to measured values. At the same time Na-arsenate complexes were evaluated. The NaH(2)AsO4 0 ion pair is negligible in NaH2AsO4 solutions up to 1.3 mol kg(-1). The NaHAsO4- ion pair is important in NaHAsO4 solutions > 0.1 mol kg(-1) and the formation constant of 10(0.69) was confirmed. The enthalpy, entropy, free energy and heat capacity for the second and third arsenic acid dissociation reactions were calculated from pH measurements. These properties have been incorporated into a widely used geochemical calculation code WATEQ4F and applied to natural arsenic waters. For arsenic spiked water samples from Yellowstone National Park, the mean difference between the calculated and measured conductivities have been improved from - 18% to - 1.0% with a standard deviation of 2.4% and the mean charge balances have been improved from 28% to 0.6% with a standard deviation of 1.5%. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Xiangyu; Wang, Rucheng] Nanjing Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Mineral Deposits Res, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Xiangyu; Nordstrom, D. Kirk; McCleskey, R. Blaine] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E 127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Zhu, XY (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, 163 Xianlin Ave, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM xiangyuzhunju@gmail.com FU National Research Program of the USGS; China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China [10979018]; National Basic Research Program of China [2014CB846004] FX We would like to thank Kate Campbell of the USGS for her assistance on many occasions during this study. This study would not have been possible without the support of the National Research Program of the USGS. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.; Xiangyu Zhu is grateful to the China Scholarship Council, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10979018), and the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2014CB846004) for financial support. He appreciates the suggestions, encouragements and guidance from Prof. Xiancai Lu of Nanjing University. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 441 BP 177 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.08.006 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DX0MS UT WOS:000384057800014 ER PT J AU Andersen, DC AF Andersen, Douglas C. TI Climate, streamflow, and legacy effects on growth of riparian Populus angustifolia in the arid San Luis Valley, Colorado SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Climate variation; Ephemeral stream; Groundwater; Narrowleaf cottonwood; Palmer Drought Severity Index; Tree rings ID DUNES NATIONAL MONUMENT; WATER-TABLE; DRYLAND RIVER; COTTONWOODS; TREES; PATTERNS; FLOWS; USA; TREMULOIDES; ECOSYSTEMS AB Knowledge of the factors affecting the vigor of desert riparian trees is important for their conservation and management. I used multiple regression to assess effects of streamflow and climate (12-14 years of data) or climate alone (up to 60 years of data) on radial growth of clonal narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia), a foundation species in the arid, Closed Basin portion of the San Luis Valley, Colorado. I collected increment cores from trees (14-90 cm DBH) at four sites along each of Sand and Deadman creeks (total N = 85), including both perennial and ephemeral reaches. Analyses on trees <110 m from the stream channel explained 33-64% of the variation in standardized growth index (SGI) over the period having discharge measurements. Only 3 of 7 models included a streamflow variable; inclusion of prior-year conditions was common. Models for trees farther from the channel or over a deep water table explained 23-71% of SGI variability, and 4 of 5 contained a streamflow variable. Analyses using solely climate variables over longer time periods explained 17-85% of SGI variability, and 10 of 12 included a variable indexing summer precipitation. Three large, abrupt shifts in recent decades from wet to dry conditions (indexed by a seasonal Palmer Drought Severity Index) coincided with dramatically reduced radial growth. Each shift was presumably associated with branch dieback that produced a legacy effect apparent in many SGI series: uncharacteristically low SGI in the year following the shift. My results suggest trees in locations distant from the active channel rely on the regional shallow unconfined aquifer, summer rainfall, or both to meet water demands. The landscape-level differences in the water supplies sustaining these trees imply variable effects from shifts in winter-versus monsoon-related precipitation, and from climate change versus streamflow or groundwater management Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Andersen, Douglas C.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Andersen, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM doug_andersen@usgs.gov RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013 FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Park Service FX John Wondzell helped with Sand Creek well installation, and Zack Wiebe and Katie Hagaman assisted with groundwater monitoring and flow observations. Rick Wydoski, Johnny Boutwell, and Miki Stuebe provided surveying and other field assistance. I thank them all. I also thank Ron Garcia (USFWS) for key logistical help, Fred Wurster for assistance in obtaining PDSI values, Fred Bunch and Andrew Valdez (NPS) for logistical help and data, Julie Roth and Greg Auble (USGS) for help in the dendrochronology lab, and Rich Roberts (USBR) for providing Closed Basin Project data. Special thanks to Andrew Valdez for conducting both the RTK-GPS and Total Station surveys at the Deadman Creek sites, and Brian Cade for statistical advice. Kate Schoenecker, Linda Zeigenfuss, and Jonathan Friedman provided helpful comments on the ms. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 134 BP 104 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.07.005 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DW8WH UT WOS:000383935700014 ER PT J AU Maffei, HM Filip, GM Grulke, NE Oblinger, BW Margolis, EQ Chadwick, KL AF Maffei, Helen M. Filip, Gregory M. Grulke, Nancy E. Oblinger, Brent W. Margolis, Ellis Q. Chadwick, Kristen L. TI Pruning high-value Douglas-fir can reduce dwarf mistletoe severity and increase longevity in Central Oregon SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii; Arceuthobium douglasii; Pruning; Tree rings; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); Oregon ID WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM; GROWTH; ARCEUTHOBIUM; MORTALITY; LEAF AB Mid- to very large-sized Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menzieseii var. menziesii) that were lightly- to moderately-infected by dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium douglasii) were analyzed over a 14-year period to evaluate whether mechanical pruning could eradicate mistletoe (or at least delay the onset of severe infection) without significantly affecting tree vitality and by inference, longevity. Immediate and long-term pruning effects on mistletoe infection severity were assessed by comparing pruned trees (n = 173) to unpruned trees (n = 55) with respect to: (1) percentage of trees with no visible infections 14 years post-pruning, (2) Broom Volume Rating (BVR), and (3) rate of BVR increase 14 years post pruning. Vitality/longevity (compared with unpruned trees) was assessed using six indicators: (1) tree survival, (2) the development of severe infections, (3) the development of dead tops, (4) tree-ring width indices, (5) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from high-resolution multi-spectral imagery, and (6) live-crown ratio (LCR) and increment. Twenty-four percent of the pruned trees remained free of mistletoe 14 years post-pruning. Pruning is most likely to successfully eradicate mistletoe in lightly infected trees (BVR 1 or 2) without infected neighbors. Pruning significantly decreased mean BVR in the pruned versus the unpruned trees. However, the subsequent average rate of intensification (1.3-1.5 BVR per decade) was not affected, implying that a single pruning provides 14 years respite in the progression of infection levels. Post-pruning infection intensification was slower on dominant and co-dominants than on intermediate or suppressed trees. The success of mistletoe eradication via pruning and need for follow-up pruning should be evaluated no sooner than 14 years after pruning to allow for the development of detectable brooms. Based on six indicators, foliage from witches brooms contribute little to long-term tree vitality since removal appears to have little effect on resources available for tree growth and maintenance. In the severely pruned trees, tree-ring width was reduced for several years post-pruning, but then compensated with larger ring width in later years. Both NDVI and LCR increment were significantly higher for the pruned trees than the control trees, while the development of severe infections and/or dead tops was significantly (5x and 3 x) higher for the controls. If possible, multiple indicators of tree vitality should be evaluated. Pruning can be worthwhile even if all the mistletoe is not removed, because mistletoe intensification is delayed. The impact of removing the brooms seems to be minimal, and post-pruning crowns had greater NDVI values. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Maffei, Helen M.; Oblinger, Brent W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, 63095 Deschutes Market Rd, Bend, OR 97701 USA. [Filip, Gregory M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Northwest Reg Off, 1220 SW Third Ave, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Grulke, Nancy E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, 3160 NE 3rd St, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. [Margolis, Ellis Q.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, 301 Dinosaur Trail, Santa Fe, NM 87508 USA. [Chadwick, Kristen L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, 16400 Champion Way, Sandy, OR 97055 USA. RP Maffei, HM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 63095 Deschutes Market Rd, Bend, OR 97701 USA. EM hmaffei@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 379 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.014 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DW7FM UT WOS:000383816600002 ER PT J AU van Mantgem, PJ Lalemand, LB Keifer, M Kane, JM AF van Mantgem, Phillip J. Lalemand, Laura B. Keifer, MaryBeth Kane, Jeffrey M. TI Duration of fuels reduction following prescribed fire in coniferous forests of US national parks in California and the Colorado Plateau SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire effects; Fire modeling; Forest management; Fuels treatments ID SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; WILDFIRE; PINE; RESTORATION; SEVERITY; CLIMATE; ECOSYSTEMS; PRINCIPLES; DROUGHT AB Prescribed fire is a widely used forest management tool, yet the long-term effectiveness of prescribed fire in reducing fuels and fire hazards in many vegetation types is not well documented. We assessed the magnitude and duration of reductions in surface fuels and modeled fire hazards in coniferous forests across nine U.S. national parks in California and the Colorado Plateau. We used observations from a prescribed fire effects monitoring program that feature standard forest and surface fuels inventories conducted pre-fire, immediately following an initial (first-entry) prescribed fire and at varying intervals up to >20 years post-fire. A subset of these plots was subjected to prescribed fire again (second-entry) with continued monitoring. Prescribed fire effects were highly variable among plots, but we found on average first-entry fires resulted in a significant post-fire reduction in surface fuels, with litter and duff fuels not returning to pre-fire levels over the length of our observations. Fine and coarse woody fuels often took a decade or longer to return to pre-fire levels. For second-entry fires we found continued fuels reductions, without strong evidence of fuel loads returning to levels observed immediately prior to second-entry fire. Following both first- and second-entry fire there Were increases in estimated canopy base heights, along with reductions in estimated canopy bulk density and modeled flame lengths. We did not find evidence of return to pre-fire conditions during our observation intervals for these measures of fire hazard. Our results show that prescribed fire can be a valuable tool to reduce fire hazards and, depending on forest conditions and the measurement used, reductions in fire hazard can last for decades. Second-entry prescribed fire appeared to reinforce the reduction in fuels and fire hazard from first-entry fires. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [van Mantgem, Phillip J.; Lalemand, Laura B.] US Geol Survey, Redwood Field Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Keifer, MaryBeth] Natl Pk Serv, Natl Interagency Fire Ctr, Boise, ID 83705 USA. [Kane, Jeffrey M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP van Mantgem, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Redwood Field Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM pvanmantgem@usgs.gov; llalemand@usgs.gov; MaryBeth_Keifer@nps.gov; Jeffrey.Kane@humboldt.edu FU Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP project) [12-1-03-25] FX We thank the many scientists and field crews who collected and organized the fire effects data. Jon Hollis assisted in the organization of the data. Morgan Varner and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Julie Yee provided statistical advice. This project was partially supported by the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP project number 12-1-03-25). Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 379 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.028 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DW7FM UT WOS:000383816600027 ER PT J AU Pope, KL Chizinski, CJ Wiley, CL Martin, DR AF Pope, Kevin L. Chizinski, Christopher J. Wiley, Christopher L. Martin, Dustin R. TI Influence of anglers' specializations on catch, harvest, and bycatch of targeted taxa SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Catch rate; Harvest rate; Recreational fishing; Species sought ID BASS MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; FRESH-WATER FISH; UNIT-EFFORT; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; RECREATIONAL FISHERY; MOTIVATIONS; CATCHABILITY; ABUNDANCE; TROUT; RATES AB Fishery managers often use catch per unit effort (CPUE) of a given taxon derived from a group of anglers, those that sought said taxon, to evaluate fishery objectives because managers assume CPUE for this group of anglers is most sensitive to changes in fish taxon density. Further, likelihood of harvest may differ for sought and non-sought taxa if taxon sought is a defining characteristic of anglers' attitude toward harvest. We predicted that taxon-specific catch across parties and reservoirs would be influenced by targeted taxon after controlling for number of anglers in a party and time spent fishing (combine to quantify fishing effort of party); we also predicted similar trends for taxon-specific harvest. We used creel-survey data collected from anglers that varied in taxon targeted, from generalists (targeting "anything" [no primary target taxa, but rather targeting all fishes]) to target specialists (e.g., anglers targeting largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides) in 19 Nebraska reservoirs during 2009-2011 to test our predictions. Taxon-specific catch and harvest were, in general, positively related to fishing effort. More importantly, we observed differences of catch and harvest among anglers grouped by taxon targeted for each of the eight taxa assessed. Anglers targeting a specific taxon had the greatest catch for that taxon and anglers targeting anything typically had the second highest catch for that taxon. In addition, anglers tended to catch more of closely related taxa and of taxa commonly targeted with similar fishing techniques. We encourage managers to consider taxon-specific objectives of target and non-target catch and harvest. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Chizinski, Christopher J.; Wiley, Christopher L.; Martin, Dustin R.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Chizinski, Christopher J.; Wiley, Christopher L.; Martin, Dustin R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Wiley, Christopher L.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Southwest Reg Off, 3900 Drane Field Rd, Lakeland, FL 33811 USA. [Martin, Dustin R.] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, 4010 West Broad St, Richmond, VA 23230 USA. RP Pope, KL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM kpope2@unl.edu FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration project [F-182-R]; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Matt Haugen and Kyle Wilson for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We also thank Tyler Anderson, Zac Brashears, Phil Chvala, Chris Dietrich, Michael Dedinsky, Cameron Depue, Dan Dobesh, Darrol Eichner, Brad Eifert, Holly Evans, Amber Fandrich, Ryan Foley, Andy Glidden, Ron Grandi, Al Hanson, Caleb Huber, Hannah Hummel, Carla Knight, Luke Kowalewski, Rhonda Lawing, Dennis Liess, Jared Lorensen, Natalie Luben, Alexis Maple, George Maynard, Jean Paul Montes, Brad Newcomb, Ashley Pella, Minnie Petch, Robert Pierson, Joe Rydell, Jerry Ryschon, Jeff Schuckman, Mike Smith, Phil Stolberg, and John Walrath for assistance in the field. This project was funded by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration project F-182-R, which was administered by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 183 BP 128 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.05.025 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DV0HW UT WOS:000382599600014 ER PT J AU Pearson, KN Kendall, WL Winkelman, DL Persons, WR AF Pearson, Kristen Nicole Kendall, William Louis Winkelman, Dana Leonard Persons, William Riley TI Tradeoffs between physical captures and PIT tag antenna array detections: A case study for the Lower Colorado River Basin population of humpback chub (Gila cypha) SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Humpback chub; PIT tag antenna array; Hoop-net sampling; Demographic parameter estimation; Simulation analysis ID GRAND-CANYON; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; ROBUST DESIGN; SMALL STREAMS; FISH; SURVIVAL; CYPRINID; ARIZONA; SYSTEM AB A key component of many monitoring programs for special status species involves capture and handling of individuals as part of capture-recapture efforts for tracking population health and demography. Minimizing negative impacts from sampling, such as through reduced handling, aids prevention of negative impacts on species from monitoring efforts. Using simulation analyses, we found that long-term population monitoring techniques, requiring physical capture (i.e. hoop-net sampling), can be reduced and supplemented with passive detections (i.e. PIT tag antenna array detections) without negatively affecting estimates of adult humpback chub (HBC; Gila cypha) survival (S) and skipped spawning probabilities (gamma ''= spawner transitions to a skipped spawner, gamma' =skipped spawner remains a skipped spawner). Based on our findings of the array's in situ detection efficiency (0.42), estimability of such demographic parameters would improve over hoop-netting alone. In addition, the array provides insight into HBC population dynamics and movement patterns outside of traditional sampling periods. However, given current timing of sampling efforts, spawner abundance estimates were negatively biased when hoop-netting was reduced, suggesting not all spawning HBC are present during the current sampling events. Despite this, our findings demonstrate that PIT tag antenna arrays, even with moderate potential detectability, may allow for reduced handling of special status species while also offering potentially more efficient monitoring strategies, especially if ideal timing of sampling can be determined. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pearson, Kristen Nicole] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kendall, William Louis; Winkelman, Dana Leonard] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Persons, William Riley] US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Pearson, KN (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kristen.pearson@colostate.edu; william.kendall@colostate.edu; dana.winkelman@colostate.edu; wpersons@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center [G11AC20332]; Federal Fish and Wildlife Permit [TE821356-2] FX We acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center for project funding, grant number G11AC20332, and we thank Dr. William Pine for his review of this manuscript. We also thank Jason Tack, Edward Kluender and Luke Avery for their extensive help collecting field data. This study was performed under the auspices of Federal Fish and Wildlife Permit TE821356-2. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 183 BP 263 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.06.014 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DV0HW UT WOS:000382599600027 ER PT J AU Marsden, JE Binder, TR Johnson, J He, J Dingledine, N Adams, J Johnson, NS Buchinger, TJ Krueger, CC AF Marsden, J. Ellen Binder, Thomas R. Johnson, James He, Ji Dingledine, Natalie Adams, Janice Johnson, Nicholas S. Buchinger, Tyler J. Krueger, Charles C. TI Five-year evaluation of habitat remediation in Thunder Bay, Lake Huron: Comparison of constructed reef characteristics that attract spawning lake trout SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Artificial reef; Lake trout; Habitat; Restoration; Spawning ID ARTIFICIAL REEFS; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; NATURAL REPRODUCTION; MICHIGAN WATERS; SITE FIDELITY; GREAT-LAKES; RESTORATION; REHABILITATION; RECRUITMENT; SURVIVAL AB Degradation of aquatic habitats has motivated construction and research on the use of artificial reefs to enhance production of fish populations. However, reefs are often poorly planned, reef design characteristics are not evaluated, and reef assessments are short-term. We constructed 29 reefs in Thunder Bay, Lake Huron, in 2010 and 2011 to mitigate for degradation of a putative lake trout spawning reef. Reefs were designed to evaluate lake trout preferences for height, orientation, and size, and were compared with two degraded natural reefs and a high-quality natural reef (East Reef). Eggs and fry were sampled on each reef for five years post-construction, and movements of 40 tagged lake trout were tracked during three spawning seasons using acoustic telemetry. Numbers of adults and spawning on the constructed reefs were initially low, but increased significantly over the five years, while remaining consistent on East Reef. Adult density, egg deposition, and fry catch were not related to reef height or orientation of the constructed reefs, but were related to reef size and adjacency to East Reef. Adult lake trout visited and spawned on all except the smallest constructed reefs. Of the metrics used to evaluate the reefs, acoustic telemetry produced the most valuable and consistent data, including fine-scale examination of lake trout movements relative to individual reefs. Telemetry data, supplemented with diver observations, identified several previously unknown natural spawning sites, including the high-use portions of-East Reef. Reef construction has increased the capacity for fry production in Thunder Bay without apparently decreasing the use of the natural reef. Results of this project emphasize the importance of multi-year reef assessment, use of multiple assessment methods, and comparison of reef characteristics when developing artificial reef projects. Specific guidelines for construction of reefs focused on enhancing lake trout spawning are suggested. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Marsden, J. Ellen] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Ecosyst Sci Lab, 3 Coll St, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. [Binder, Thomas R.; Krueger, Charles C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 480 Wilson Rd, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Johnson, James; He, Ji] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena Fishery Res Stn, 160 East Fletcher St, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [Dingledine, Natalie] DLZ Michigan, 1425 Keystone Ave, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. [Adams, Janice] Michigan Dept Environm Qual, 2100 West M-32, Gaylord, MI 49735 USA. [Johnson, Nicholas S.; Buchinger, Tyler J.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Milllersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Marsden, JE (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Ecosyst Sci Lab, 3 Coll St, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. EM ellen.marsden@uvm.edu; tbinder@usgs.gov; JohnsonJ2@michigan.gov; HEJ@michigan.gov; ndingledine@dlz.com; adamsj1@michigan.gov; njohnson@usgs.gov; buching6@msu.edu; kruege62@anr.msu.edu FU Michigan Department of Environmental Quality-Clean Michigan Initiative Fund; USFWS Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Restoration Grant; Corps of Engineers, Detroit District, Estuary Restoration Act Grant; Great Lakes Fishery Commission by way of Great Lakes Restoration Initiative appropriations [GL-00E23010] FX Many individuals and agencies contributed to this project, particularly Wayne Lusardi (Michigan DNR, Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary), Tane Casserly, Russ Green, and Jeff Gray (NOAA, Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary), Adam Kowalski, Scott Koproski, Steve Lennart, and Darren Vercnocke (USFWS), David Fielder, Ji He, Jeff Dimond, and William Wellencamp (Michigan DNR, Alpena Fisheries Station), Aaron Berndt, Nick Ekel, Kevin Wilcox, and Dan Peabody (Michigan DEQ Geological Services Unit), Erick Larson, Henry Thompson, Chris Wright, Lindsey Lesmiester, Dan Operhall, Bill Lamareaux, and Zach Wickert (USGS Hammond Bay Biological Station), Lee Simard (University of Vermont), and Skye Fissette (Michigan State University). We thank John Janssen, Lee Simard, Peter Euclide, and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments on the manuscript. This project was made possible by funding obtained from Michigan Department of Environmental Quality-Clean Michigan Initiative Fund, USFWS Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Restoration Grant and Corps of Engineers, Detroit District, Estuary Restoration Act Grant. The telemetry work was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission by way of Great Lakes Restoration Initiative appropriations (GL-00E23010). This paper is Contribution 22 of the Great Lakes Acoustic Telemetry Observation System (GLATOS). NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 38 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2016 VL 183 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.06.012 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DV0HW UT WOS:000382599600028 ER PT J AU Davies, AG Keszthelyi, LP McEwen, AS AF Davies, Ashley Gerard Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. McEwen, Alfred S. TI Determination of eruption temperature of Io's lavas using lava tube skylights SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Io; Volcanism; Jupiter, satellites; Satellites, composition ID JUPITERS MOON IO; THERMAL EMISSION; HEAT-FLOW; TIDAL DISSIPATION; VOLCANIC ACTIVITY; GREENSTONE-BELT; GALILEO; SPECTROMETER; MODELS; PILLAN AB Determining the eruption temperature of Io's dominant silicate lavas would constrain Io's present interior state and composition. We have examined how eruption temperature can be estimated at lava tube skylights through synthesis of thermal emission from the incandescent lava flowing within the lava tube. Lava tube skylights should be present along Io's long-lived lava flow fields, and are attractive targets because of their temporal stability and the narrow range of near -eruption temperatures revealed through them. We conclude that these skylights are suitable and desirable targets (perhaps the very best targets) for the purposes of constraining eruption temperature, with a 0.9:0.7-mu m radiant flux ratio <= 63 being diagnostic of ultramafic lava temperatures. Because the target skylights may be small - perhaps only a few m or 10 s of m across - such observations will require a future Io-dedicated mission that will obtain high spatial resolution (<100 mipixel), unsaturated observations of Io's surface at multiple wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared, ideally at night. In contrast to observations of lava fountains or roiling lava lakes, where accurate determination of surface temperature distribution requires simultaneous or near simultaneous (<0.1 s) observations at different wavelengths, skylight thermal emission data are superior for the purposes of temperature derivation, as emission is stable on much longer time scales (minutes, or longer), so long as viewing geometry does not greatly change during that time. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Davies, Ashley Gerard] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Keszthelyi, Laszlo P.] USGS Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [McEwen, Alfred S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Davies, AG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Ashley.Davies@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA Outer Planets Research Program [NNN13D466T] FX This work was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory - California Institute of Technology, under contract to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank Alison Canning Davies and Greg Vaughan for their pre-submission reviews of the manuscript. We also thank David Williams of Arizona State University and an anonymous reviewer for their reviews of the submitted manuscript. AGD is supported by grant NNN13D466T from the NASA Outer Planets Research Program. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 278 BP 266 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.06.003 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DT1ML UT WOS:000381246700019 ER PT J AU Geissler, PE Fenton, LK Enga, MT Mukherjee, P AF Geissler, Paul E. Fenton, Lori K. Enga, Marie-therese Mukherjee, Priyanjoli TI Orbital monitoring of martian surface changes SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Eolian processes ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR; DUST STORMS; WIND STREAKS; CAMERA; EVOLUTION; SEDIMENT; MOTION AB A history of martian surface changes is documented by a sequence of global mosaics made up of Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera daily color images from 1999 to 2006, together with a single mosaic from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Mars Color Imager in 2009. These observations show that changes in the global albedo patterns of Mars take place by a combination of dust storms and strong winds. Many of the observed surface changes took place along the tracks of seasonally repeating winter dust storms cataloged by Wang and Richardson (2015). These storms tend to sweep dust towards the equator, progressively shifting albedo boundaries and continuing surface changes that began before the arrival of MGS. The largest and most conspicuous changes took place during the global dust storm of 2001 (MY 25), which blanketed Syrtis Major, stripped dust from the Tharsis region, and injected dust into Solis Planum. High wind speeds but low wind stresses are predicted in Syrtis, Tharsis and Solis by the NASA Ames GCM. Frequent changes in these regions show that dust accumulations are quickly removed by stronger winds that are not predicted by the GCM, but may result from smaller-scale influences such as unresolved topography. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Geissler, Paul E.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Astrogeol, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Fenton, Lori K.] SETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave,Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Enga, Marie-therese] Macomb Community Coll, South Campus,14500 E 12 Mile Rd, Warren, MI 48088 USA. [Mukherjee, Priyanjoli] Mesa Community Coll, 1833 W Southern Ave, Mesa, AZ 85202 USA. RP Geissler, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Astrogeol, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM pgeissler@usgs.gov; lfenton@seti.org; engam@macomb.edu; priyanjoli.mukherjee@mesacc.edu FU NASA Mars Data Analysis Program [NNH09AM39I]; NASA Arizona Space Grant Program FX This research was supported by grant NNH09AM39I from the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program. Hannah Brower assisted with data processing with support from the NASA Arizona Space Grant Program. We are grateful to Melinda Kahre for providing output from the NASA Ames GCM. We thank Claire Newman and another reviewer for many constructive comments. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 278 BP 279 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.05.023 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DT1ML UT WOS:000381246700020 ER PT J AU Yen, H White, MJ Arnold, JG Keitzer, SC Johnson, MVV Atwood, JD Daggupati, P Herbert, ME Sowa, SP Ludsin, SA Robertson, DM Srinivasan, R Rewa, CA AF Yen, Haw White, Michael J. Arnold, Jeffrey G. Keitzer, S. Conor Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V. Atwood, Jay D. Daggupati, Prasad Herbert, Matthew E. Sowa, Scott P. Ludsin, Stuart A. Robertson, Dale M. Srinivasan, Raghavan Rewa, Charles A. TI Western Lake Erie Basin: Soft-data-constrained, NHDPIus resolution watershed modeling and exploration of applicable conservation scenarios SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Lake Erie; NHDPIus model; Soft data; Conservation practice; Swat-SAS; Model calibration ID DEPOSITED FINE SEDIMENT; FRESH-WATER; SWAT MODEL; INPUT DATA; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS; MULTIPLE STRESSORS; OUTPUT UNCERTAINTY; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ASSESSMENT-TOOL AB Complex watershed simulation models are powerful tools that can help scientists and policy-makers address challenging topics, such as land use management and water security. In the Western Lake Erie Basin (WLEB), complex hydrological models have been applied at various scales W help describe relationships between land use and water, nutrient, and sediment dynamics. This manuscript evaluated the capacity of the current Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to predict hydrological and water quality processes within WLEB at the finest resolution watershed boundary unit (NHDPIus) along with the current conditions and conservation scenarios. The process based SWAT model was capable of the fine-scale computation and complex routing used in this project, as indicated by measured data at five gaging stations. The level of detail required for fine-scale spatial simulation made the use of both hard and soft data necessary in model calibration, alongside other model adaptations. Limitations to the model's predictive capacity were due to a paucity of data in the region at the NHDPIus scale rather than due to SWAT functionality. Results of treatment scenarios demonstrate variable effects of structural practices and nutrient management on sediment and nutrient loss dynamics. Targeting treatment to acres with critical outstanding conservation needs provides the largest return on investment in terms of nutrient loss reduction per dollar spent, relative to treating acres with lower inherent nutrient loss vulnerabilities. Importantly, this research raises considerations about use of models to guide land management decisions at very fine spatial scales. Decision makers using these results should be aware of data limitations that hinder fine-scale model interpretation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yen, Haw] Texas A&M Agrilife Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 East Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [White, Michael J.; Arnold, Jeffrey G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 East Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Keitzer, S. Conor; Ludsin, Stuart A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, 1314 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V.; Atwood, Jay D.] USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Resources Assessment Div, NRCS, 808 East Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Daggupati, Prasad; Srinivasan, Raghavan] Texas A&M Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, Suite 221,1500 Res Plaza, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Herbert, Matthew E.; Sowa, Scott P.] Michigan Field Off, Nat Conservancy, 101 East Grand River Ave, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. [Robertson, Dale M.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Rewa, Charles A.] USDA, Resources Assessment Div, NRCS, George Washington Carver Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yen, H (reprint author), Texas A&M Agrilife Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 East Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM haw.yen@gmail.com RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009; Daggupati, Prasad/D-8886-2017 OI Daggupati, Prasad/0000-0002-7044-3435 FU United States Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) - Wildlife and Cropland [68-7482-12-504] FX This project was funded by grants from the United States Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) - Wildlife and Cropland components (Cooperative Agreement: 68-7482-12-504). USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider! NR 93 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 22 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2016 VL 569 BP 1265 EP 1281 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.202 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5RM UT WOS:000382269000122 PM 27387796 ER PT J AU Craig, EH Adams, JR Waits, LP Fuller, MR Whittington, DM AF Craig, Erica H. Adams, Jennifer R. Waits, Lisette P. Fuller, Mark R. Whittington, Diana M. TI Nuclear and MitochondrialDNA Analyses of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos canadensis) from Three Areas in Western North America; Initial Results and Conservation Implications SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; UNITED-STATES; INTERIOR ALASKA; DNA; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE; SELECTION; RAPTOR AB Understanding the genetics of a population is a critical component of developing conservation strategies. We used archived tissue samples from golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos canadensis) in three geographic regions of western North America to conduct a preliminary study of the genetics of the North American subspecies, and to provide data for United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decision-making for golden eagle management. We used a combination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences and 16 nuclear DNA (nDNA) microsatellite loci to investigate the extent of gene flow among our sampling areas in Idaho, California and Alaska and to determine if we could distinguish birds from the different geographic regions based on their genetic profiles. Our results indicate high genetic diversity, low genetic structure and high connectivity. Nuclear DNA Fst values between Idaho and California were low but significantly different from zero (0.026). Bayesian clustering methods indicated a single population, and we were unable to distinguish summer breeding residents from different regions. Results of the mtDNA AMOVA showed that most of the haplotype variation (97%) was within the geographic populations while 3% variation was partitioned among them. One haplotype was common to all three areas. One region-specific haplotype was detected in California and one in Idaho, but additional sampling is required to determine if these haplotypes are unique to those geographic areas or a sampling artifact. We discuss potential sources of the high gene flow for this species including natal and breeding dispersal, floaters, and changes in migratory behavior as a result of environmental factors such as climate change and habitat alteration. Our preliminary findings can help inform the USFWS in development of golden eagle management strategies and provide a basis for additional research into the complex dynamics of the North American subspecies. C1 [Craig, Erica H.] Aquila Environm, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Adams, Jennifer R.; Waits, Lisette P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Fuller, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. [Whittington, Diana M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv Headquarters, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Craig, EH (reprint author), Aquila Environm, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA.; Adams, JR (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM goea.rs@gmail.com; adamsj@uidaho.edu FU US Geological Survey; US Geological Survey/ US Fish and Wildlife Service Science Support Partnership Program (EC) FX This research was funded by the US Geological Survey and the US Geological Survey/ US Fish and Wildlife Service Science Support Partnership Program (EC). The College of Natural Resources at the University of Idaho helped fund salaries for LW and JA. Aquila Environmental helped fund the salary for EC. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 26 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 AR e0164248 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0164248 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE4VE UT WOS:000389602800033 PM 27783687 ER PT J AU Rosenberry, DO Briggs, MA Voytek, EB Lane, JW AF Rosenberry, Donald O. Briggs, Martin A. Voytek, Emily B. Lane, John W. TI Influence of groundwater on distribution of dwarf wedgemussels (Alasmidonta heterodon) in the upper reaches of the Delaware River, northeastern USA SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; SURFACE-WATER; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; INCIPIENT MOTION; SCALE DEPENDENCY; SLUG TEST; EXCHANGE; STREAM; FLUX; FLOW AB The remaining populations of the endangered dwarf wedgemussel (DWM) (Alasmidonta heterodon) in the upper Delaware River, northeastern USA, were hypothesized to be located in areas of greater-than-normal ground-water discharge to the river. We combined physical (seepage meters, monitoring wells and piezometers), thermal (fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing, infrared, vertical bedtemperature profiling), and geophysical (electromagneticinduction) methods at several spatial scales to characterize known DWM habitat and explore this hypothesis. Numerous springs were observed using visible and infrared imaging along the river banks at all three known DWM-populated areas, but not in adjacent areas where DWM were absent. Vertical and lateral groundwater gradients were toward the river along all three DWM-populated reaches, with median upward gradients 3 to 9 times larger than in adjacent reaches. Point-scale seepage-meter measurements indicated that upward seepage across the riverbed was faster and more consistently upward at DWM-populated areas. Discrete and areally distributed riverbed-temperature measurements indicated numerous cold areas of groundwater discharge during warm summer months; all were within areas populated by DWM. Electromagnetic-induction measurements, which may indicate riverbed geology, showed patterning but little correlation between bulk streambed electromagnetic conductivity and areal distribution of DWM. In spite of complexity introduced by hyporheic exchange, multiple lines of research provide strong evidence that DWM are located within or directly downstream of areas of substantial focused groundwater discharge to the river. Broad scale thermal-reconnaissance methods (e.g., infrared) may be useful in locating and protecting other currently unknown mussel populations. C1 [Rosenberry, Donald O.] US Geol Survey, DFC, MS 413,Bldg 53, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Briggs, Martin A.; Lane, John W.] US Geol Survey, 11 Sherman Pl, Storrs, CT 06279 USA. [Voytek, Emily B.] Colorado Sch Mines, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rosenberry, DO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DFC, MS 413,Bldg 53, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rosenber@usgs.gov OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Jeffrey Cole for advice and instructions related to river and riverbed logistics, and Heather Galbraith and Carrie Blakesley for mussel identification and location, all from the USGS Northern Appalachian Research Branch. Don Hamilton from the National Park Service Upper Delaware Recreational and Scenic River, and Joseph Markos, Richfield, MN, are thanked for their field assistance and logistical support. Jason Halm's (University of Colorado-Boulder) exceptional support before, during, and following field work is greatly appreciated. This work was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US Geological Survey. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PD OCT 25 PY 2016 VL 20 IS 10 BP 4323 EP 4339 DI 10.5194/hess-20-4323-2016 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EB0VR UT WOS:000387064900002 ER PT J AU Ramey, AM Spackman, E Kim-Torchetti, M DeLiberto, TJ AF Ramey, Andrew M. Spackman, Erica Kim-Torchetti, Mia DeLiberto, Thomas J. TI Weak support for disappearance and restricted emergence/persistence of highly pathogenic influenza A in North American waterfowl SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter ID WILD BIRDS; SOUTH-KOREA; VIRUSES; H5N8 C1 [Ramey, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Spackman, Erica] ARS, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Kim-Torchetti, Mia] Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [DeLiberto, Thomas J.] Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Ramey, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM aramey@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 25 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 43 BP E6551 EP E6552 DI 10.1073/pnas.1614530113 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ7ZI UT WOS:000386087100003 PM 27791026 ER PT J AU Perkins, JP Ward, KM de Silva, SL Zandt, G Beck, SL Finnegan, NJ AF Perkins, Jonathan P. Ward, Kevin M. de Silva, Shanaka L. Zandt, George Beck, Susan L. Finnegan, Noah J. TI Surface uplift in the Central Andes driven by growth of the Altiplano Puna Magma Body SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID VOLCANIC COMPLEX; FLARE-UP; CLIMATE; ARCS; DELAMINATION; IGNIMBRITES; PERSPECTIVE; BATHOLITHS; DYNAMICS; PLATEAU AB The Altiplano-Puna Magma Body (APMB) in the Central Andes is the largest imaged magma reservoir on Earth, and is located within the second highest orogenic plateau on Earth, the Altiplano-Puna. Although the APMB is a first-order geologic feature similar to the Sierra Nevada batholith, its role in the surface uplift history of the Central Andes remains uncertain. Here we show that a long-wavelength topographic dome overlies the seismically measured extent of the APMB, and gravity data suggest that the uplift is isostatically compensated. Isostatic modelling of the magmatic contribution to dome growth yields melt volumes comparable to those estimated from tomography, and suggests that the APMB growth rate exceeds the peak Cretaceous magmatic flare-up in the Sierran batholith. Our analysis reveals that magmatic addition may provide a contribution to surface uplift on par with lithospheric removal, and illustrates that surface topography may help constrain the magnitude of pluton-scale melt production. C1 [Perkins, Jonathan P.; Finnegan, Noah J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ward, Kevin M.; Zandt, George; Beck, Susan L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, 1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. [de Silva, Shanaka L.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 CEOAS Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Perkins, Jonathan P.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Perkins, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.; Perkins, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jperkins@usgs.gov OI de Silva, Shanaka/0000-0002-0310-5516; Ward, Kevin/0000-0002-2938-4306; Perkins, Jonathan/0000-0002-6113-338X FU National Science Foundation [EAR 0908850, EAR 1415914] FX Conversations with Emily Brodsky, Francis Nimmo and Sam Johnstone helped improve the quality of this manuscript. This work was financially supported by National Science Foundation grants EAR 0908850 (N.J.F) and EAR 1415914 (S.L.B., G.Z.). NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD OCT 25 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 13185 DI 10.1038/ncomms13185 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ6VC UT WOS:000385999700001 PM 27779183 ER PT J AU Zhou, XB Smith, H Silva, AG Belnap, J Garcia-Pichel, F AF Zhou, Xiaobing Smith, Hilda Silva, Ana Giraldo Belnap, Jayne Garcia-Pichel, Ferran TI Differential Responses of Dinitrogen Fixation, Diazotrophic Cyanobacteria and Ammonia Oxidation Reveal a Potential Warming-Induced Imbalance of the N-Cycle in Biological Soil Crusts SO PLoS One LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; ARID LANDS; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; GURBANTUNGGUT DESERT; NORTHWESTERN CHINA; OXIDIZING ARCHAEA; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; COLORADO PLATEAU; TENGGER DESERT; TEMPERATURE AB N-2 fixation and ammonia oxidation (AO) are the two most important processes in the nitrogen (N) cycle of biological soil crusts (BSCs). We studied the short-term response of acetylene reduction assay (ARA) rates, an indicator of potential N-2 fixation, and AO rates to temperature (T,-5 degrees C to 35 degrees C) in BSC of different successional stages along the BSC ecological succession and geographic origin (hot Chihuahuan and cooler Great Basin deserts). ARA in all BSCs increased with T until saturation occurred between 15 and 20 degrees C, and declined at 30-35 degrees C. Culture studies using cyanobacteria isolated from these crusts indicated that the saturating effect was traceable to their inability to grow well diazotrophically within the high temperature range. Below saturation, temperature response was exponential, with Q(10) significantly different in the two areas (similar to 5 for Great Basin BSCs; 2-3 for Chihuahuan BSCs), but similar between the two successional stages. However, in contrast to ARA, AO showed a steady increase to 30-35 degrees C in Great Basin, and Chihuhuan BSCs showed no inhibition at any tested temperature. The T response of AO also differed significantly between Great Basin Q(10) of 4.5-4.8) and Chihuahuan (Q(10) of 2.4-2.6) BSCs, but not between successional stages. Response of ARA rates to T did not differ from that of AO in either desert. Thus, while both processes scaled to T in unison until 20 degrees C, they separated to an increasing degree at higher temperature. As future warming is likely to occur in the regions where BSCs are often the dominant living cover, this predicted decoupling is expected to result in higher proportion of nitrates in soil relative to ammonium. As nitrate is more easily lost as leachate or to be reduced to gaseous forms, this could mean a depletion of soil N over large landscapes globally. C1 [Zhou, Xiaobing; Silva, Ana Giraldo; Garcia-Pichel, Ferran] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Zhou, Xiaobing] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Biogeog & Bioresource Arid Land, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. [Smith, Hilda; Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Silva, Ana Giraldo; Garcia-Pichel, Ferran] Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Ctr Fundamental & Appl Microbi, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Garcia-Pichel, F (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.; Garcia-Pichel, F (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Ctr Fundamental & Appl Microbi, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM ferran@asu.edu NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 24 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 10 AR e0164932 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0164932 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ED7AX UT WOS:000389009200028 PM 27776160 ER PT J AU Coplen, TB AF Coplen, Tyler B. TI Comment on "Reconciliation of the Devils Hole climate record with orbital forcing" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID VEIN CALCITE; NEVADA AB Moseley et al.'s (Reports, 8 January 2016, p. 165) preferred-Termination-II age is subjective, as evidenced by variation in their Termination-II ages of 2500 years per meter. Termination-II-age bias decreases to zero at similar to 1.5 meters below the present-day water table, if one assumes linear variation with core-sample height. Maintaining the required gradient of thorium isotope Th-230 over 3.6 meters for 1000 years, much less 10,000 years, seems exceedingly unlikely. C1 [Coplen, Tyler B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Coplen, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tbcoplen@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 21 PY 2016 VL 354 IS 6310 DI 10.1126/science.aaf8074 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC0GN UT WOS:000387777100034 PM 27846528 ER PT J AU Winograd, IJ AF Winograd, Isaac J. TI Comment on "Reconciliation of the Devils Hole climate record with orbital forcing" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEVADA; CALCITE AB Moseley et al. (Reports, 8 January 2016, p. 165) postulate an increase in dissolved thorium isotope Th-230 with depth below the water table as the explanation for the differing ages of Termination II. Flow of geothermal water through the Devils Hole caverns precludes this explanation. Deposition of younger secondary calcite into the initial porosity of the calcite comprising their cores is a plausible alternate explanation. C1 [Winograd, Isaac J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Winograd, IJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ike.winograd@gmail.com NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 21 PY 2016 VL 354 IS 6310 DI 10.1126/science.aaf7718 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC0GN UT WOS:000387777100033 PM 27846527 ER PT J AU Baillie, SM Muir, AM Hansen, MJ Krueger, CC Bentzen, P AF Baillie, Shauna M. Muir, Andrew M. Hansen, Michael J. Krueger, Charles C. Bentzen, Paul TI Genetic and phenotypic variation along an ecological gradient in lake trout Salvelinus namaycush SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phenotype; Multiple coinertia analysis; Geometric morphometrics; Microsatellite DNA; Lake Superior; Intraspecific variation; Adaptation ID GREAT BEAR LAKE; SHALLOW-WATER MORPHOTYPES; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FRESH-WATER; MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERGENCE; DARWINS FINCHES; RAINBOW-TROUT; CICHLID FISH; SEA LAMPREY AB Background: Adaptive radiation involving a colonizing phenotype that rapidly evolves into at least one other ecological variant, or ecotype, has been observed in a variety of freshwater fishes in post-glacial environments. However, few studies consider how phenotypic traits vary with regard to neutral genetic partitioning along ecological gradients. Here, we present the first detailed investigation of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush that considers variation as a cline rather than discriminatory among ecotypes. Genetic and phenotypic traits organized along common ecological gradients of water depth and geographic distance provide important insights into diversification processes in a lake with high levels of human disturbance from over-fishing. Results: Four putative lake trout ecotypes could not be distinguished using population genetic methods, despite morphological differences. Neutral genetic partitioning in lake trout was stronger along a gradient of water depth, than by locality or ecotype. Contemporary genetic migration patterns were consistent with isolation-by-depth. Historical gene flow patterns indicated colonization from shallow to deep water. Comparison of phenotypic (Pst) and neutral genetic variation (Fst) revealed that morphological traits related to swimming performance (e.g., buoyancy, pelvic fin length) departed more strongly from neutral expectations along a depth gradient than craniofacial feeding traits. Elevated phenotypic variance with increasing water depth in pelvic fin length indicated possible ongoing character release and diversification. Finally, differences in early growth rate and asymptotic fish length across depth strata may be associated with limiting factors attributable to cold deep-water environments. Conclusion: We provide evidence of reductions in gene flow and divergent natural selection associated with water depth in Lake Superior. Such information is relevant for documenting intraspecific biodiversity in the largest freshwater lake in the world for a species that recently lost considerable genetic diversity and is now in recovery. Unknown is whether observed patterns are a result of an early stage of incipient speciation, gene flow-selection equilibrium, or reverse speciation causing formerly divergent ecotypes to collapse into a single gene pool. C1 [Baillie, Shauna M.; Bentzen, Paul] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Marine Gene Probe Lab, 1355 Oxford St,POB 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Muir, Andrew M.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, 2100 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Hansen, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Krueger, Charles C.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Baillie, SM (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Marine Gene Probe Lab, 1355 Oxford St,POB 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. EM s.m.baillie@gmail.com OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX The authors are grateful to anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments about this study. We also thank M McBride and L Anstey, who generated the microsatellite DNA data set in the Marine Gene Probe Laboratory, Dalhousie University. We thank S Sivertson, and Enar and Betty Strom, for their hospitality at Washington and Barnam Islands, adjacent to Isle Royale. J Pyatskowit, CR Bronte, MS Zimmerman, HR Quinlan, and JD Glase provided cheerful and able assistance with field work at Isle Royale. This paper is part of a research project on 'Re-establishment of Native Deepwater Fishes' funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 2060 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. NR 125 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 32 U2 32 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD OCT 19 PY 2016 VL 16 AR 219 DI 10.1186/s12862-016-0788-8 PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DZ7EE UT WOS:000386026700001 PM 27756206 ER PT J AU Ciacci, L Harper, EM Nassar, NT Reck, BK Graedel, TE AF Ciacci, Luca Harper, E. M. Nassar, N. T. Reck, Barbara K. Graedel, T. E. TI Metal Dissipation and Inefficient Recycling Intensify Climate Forcing SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM PRODUCTION; CRITICALITY; LIFE; EMISSIONS; FUTURE; CYCLE; END; EVOLUTION; VEHICLES; DEMAND AB In the metals industry, recycling is commonly included among the most viable options for climate change mitigation, because using secondary (recycled) instead of primary sources in metal production carries both the potential for significant energy savings and for greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Secondary metal production is, however, limited by the relative quantity of scrap available at end-of-life for two reasons: long product lifespans during use delay the availability of the material for reuse and recycling; and end-of-life recycling rates are low, a result of inefficient collection, separation, and processing. For a few metals, additional losses exist in the form of in-use dissipation. The sum of these lost material flows forms the theoretical maximum potential for future efficiency improvements. Based on a dynamic material flow analysis, we have evaluated these factors from an energy perspective for 50 metals and calculated the corresponding greenhouse gas emissions associated with the supply of lost material from primary sources that would otherwise be used to satisfy demand. A use-by-use examination demonstrates the potential emission gains associated with major application sectors. The results show that minimizing in-use dissipation and constraints to metal recycling have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the metal industry by about 13-23%, corresponding to 1% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. C1 [Ciacci, Luca; Harper, E. M.; Nassar, N. T.; Reck, Barbara K.; Graedel, T. E.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, Ctr Ind Ecol, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Ciacci, Luca] Univ Bologna, Interdept Ctr Ind Res Energy & Environm, Via Anghera 22, Rimini, Italy. [Nassar, N. T.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ciacci, L (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, Ctr Ind Ecol, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.; Ciacci, L (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Interdept Ctr Ind Res Energy & Environm, Via Anghera 22, Rimini, Italy. EM luca.ciacci5@unibo.it OI Nassar, Nedal/0000-0001-8758-9732; CIACCI, LUCA/0000-0002-5151-5384 FU United States National Science Foundation [1336121]; Wealth from Waste Cluster; Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); University of Technology Sydney (UTS); University of Queensland; Swinburne University of Technology; Monash University; Yale University; Manufacturing Flagship FX This research was funded by the United States National Science Foundation (Award Number: 1336121) and by the "Wealth from Waste Cluster", a research collaboration between the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), University of Technology Sydney (UTS), The University of Queensland, Swinburne University of Technology, Monash University, and Yale University. We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of each partner and the CSIRO Flagship Collaboration Fund. The Wealth from Waste Cluster is part of the Minerals Resources Flagship and is supported by the Manufacturing Flagship. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 18 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 20 BP 11394 EP 11402 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b02714 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ5MW UT WOS:000385907200070 ER PT J AU Hutchison, W Fusillo, R Pyle, DM Mather, TA Blundy, JD Biggs, J Yirgu, G Cohen, BE Brooker, RA Barfod, DN Calvert, AT AF Hutchison, William Fusillo, Raffaella Pyle, David M. Mather, Tamsin A. Blundy, Jon D. Biggs, Juliet Yirgu, Gezahegn Cohen, Benjamin E. Brooker, Richard A. Barfod, Dan N. Calvert, Andrew T. TI A pulse of mid-Pleistocene rift volcanism in Ethiopia at the dawn of modern humans SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE STONE-AGE; LANGANO GEOTHERMAL-FIELD; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; AFRICAN CLIMATE; MAGMA CHAMBERS; EVOLUTION; BASIN; QUATERNARY; CALDERAS; SYSTEM AB The Ethiopian Rift Valley hosts the longest record of human co-existence with volcanoes on Earth, however, current understanding of the magnitude and timing of large explosive eruptions in this region is poor. Detailed records of volcanism are essential for interpreting the palaeoenvironments occupied by our hominin ancestors; and also for evaluating the volcanic hazards posed to the 10 million people currently living within this active rift zone. Here we use new geochronological evidence to suggest that a 200 km-long segment of rift experienced a major pulse of explosive volcanic activity between 320 and 170 ka. During this period, at least four distinct volcanic centres underwent large-volume (>10 km(3)) caldera-forming eruptions, and eruptive fluxes were elevated five times above the average eruption rate for the past 700 ka. We propose that such pulses of episodic silicic volcanism would have drastically remodelled landscapes and ecosystems occupied by early hominin populations. C1 [Hutchison, William; Pyle, David M.; Mather, Tamsin A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3AN, England. [Fusillo, Raffaella; Blundy, Jon D.; Biggs, Juliet; Brooker, Richard A.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Wills Mem Bldg,Queens Rd, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Yirgu, Gezahegn] Univ Addis Ababa, Sch Earth Sci, POB 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Cohen, Benjamin E.; Barfod, Dan N.] Scottish Univ Environm Res Ctr, NERC Argon Isotope Facil, Rankine Ave, E Kilbride G75 0QF, Lanark, Scotland. [Calvert, Andrew T.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-937, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hutchison, William] Univ St Andrews, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Fife, Scotland. RP Hutchison, W (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3AN, England.; Hutchison, W (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Fife, Scotland. EM wh39@st-andrews.ac.uk RI Mather, Tamsin/A-7604-2011; Pyle, David/C-5707-2009; OI Mather, Tamsin/0000-0003-4259-7303; Pyle, David/0000-0002-2663-9940; Cohen, Benjamin/0000-0002-1634-8998; Biggs, Juliet/0000-0002-4855-039X FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/L013932/1]; NERC [NE/J5000045/1]; Boise Trust Fund from the Department of Zoology (University of Oxford); European Research Council Advanced Grant 'CRITMAG'; NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory [IP-1506-1114]; University College (University of Oxford); Geological Remote Sensing Group; Edinburgh Geological Society; Leverhulme Trust FX This work is a contribution to the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) funded RiftVolc project (NE/L013932/1, Rift volcanism: past, present and future). W.H. was funded by NERC studentship, NE/J5000045/1 and a Boise Trust Fund from the Department of Zoology (University of Oxford). R.F. was funded through European Research Council Advanced Grant 'CRITMAG' to J. Blundy. Airborne data used for geological mapping were collected by the NERC Airborne Research and Survey Facility (flight ET12-17-321). 40Ar/39Ar geochronology at SUERC was supported by a NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory grant (IP-1506-1114). Technical assistance at SUERC was provided by R. Dymock and J. Imlach. L. Kalnins (University of Durham) provided GMT scripts for calculating volumes from digital elevation models. Additional funding for fieldwork was provided by the following: University College (University of Oxford); the Geological Remote Sensing Group; and the Edinburgh Geological Society and the Leverhulme Trust. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD OCT 18 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 13192 DI 10.1038/ncomms13192 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ0NW UT WOS:000385538000001 PM 27754479 ER PT J AU Knapp, RA Fellers, GM Kleeman, PM Miller, DAW Vredenburg, VT Rosenblum, EB Briggs, CJ AF Knapp, Roland A. Fellers, Gary M. Kleeman, Patrick M. Miller, David A. W. Vredenburg, Vance T. Rosenblum, Erica Bree Briggs, Cheryl J. TI Large-scale recovery of an endangered amphibian despite ongoing exposure to multiple stressors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE amphibians; recovery; disease; Rana sierrae; Yosemite ID YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; 6TH MASS EXTINCTION; RANA-MUSCOSA; BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; FISH INTRODUCTIONS; NONNATIVE FISH; SIERRA-NEVADA; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; HIGH-ELEVATION AB Amphibians are one of the most threatened animal groups, with 32% of species at risk for extinction. Given this imperiled status, is the disappearance of a large fraction of the Earth's amphibians inevitable, or are some declining species more resilient than is generally assumed? We address this question in a species that is emblematic of many declining amphibians, the endangered Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog (Rana sierrae). Based on >7,000 frog surveys conducted across Yosemite National Park over a 20-y period, we show that, after decades of decline and despite ongoing exposure to multiple stressors, including introduced fish, the recently emerged disease chytridiomycosis, and pesticides, R. sierrae abundance increased sevenfold during the study and at a rate of 11% per year. These increases occurred in hundreds of populations throughout Yosemite, providing a rare example of amphibian recovery at an ecologically relevant spatial scale. Results from a laboratory experiment indicate that these increases may be in part because of reduced frog susceptibility to chytridiomycosis. The disappearance of nonnative fish from numerous water bodies after cessation of stocking also contributed to the recovery. The large-scale increases in R. sierrae abundance that we document suggest that, when habitats are relatively intact and stressors are reduced in their importance by active management or species' adaptive responses, declines of some amphibians may be partially reversible, at least at a regional scale. Other studies conducted over similarly large temporal and spatial scales are critically needed to provide insight and generality about the reversibility of amphibian declines at a global scale. C1 [Knapp, Roland A.] Univ Calif Mammoth Lakes, Sierra Nevada Aquat Res Lab, Mammoth Lakes, CA 93546 USA. [Fellers, Gary M.; Kleeman, Patrick M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Station, CA 94956 USA. [Miller, David A. W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Vredenburg, Vance T.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Rosenblum, Erica Bree] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Briggs, Cheryl J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Knapp, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Mammoth Lakes, Sierra Nevada Aquat Res Lab, Mammoth Lakes, CA 93546 USA. EM knapp@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Miller, David/E-4492-2012; OI Kleeman, Patrick/0000-0001-6567-3239; Vredenburg, Vance/0000-0002-9682-1190 FU National Park Service; Yosemite Conservancy; US Geological Survey; San Francisco State University; National Science Foundation [IOS-1354241, EF-0723563, DEB-1557190]; NIH [R01ES12067] FX We thank the following for important contributions to this study: numerous field technicians who assisted with frog surveys (especially K. Freel, J. Fontaine, N. Kauffman, P. Kirchner, J. Moore, T. Smith, and L. Wood); assistants who ran the laboratory experiment (especially T. Cheng, S. MacNally, T. Poorten, N. Reeder, and M. Toothman); staff at Yosemite National Park for field assistance, research permits, and logistical support (especially T. Espinoza, J. Maurer, H. McKenny, and S. Thompson); and the Sierra Nevada Aquatic Research Laboratory for logistical support. Research permits were provided by Yosemite National Park; Humboldt-Toiyabe and Inyo National Forests; and the University of California, Santa Barbara, the San Francisco State University, and the University of California, Berkeley Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees. This project was funded by grants from the National Park Service (to R.A.K.), Yosemite Conservancy (to R.A.K.), the US Geological Survey (to G.M.F. and P. M. K.), and San Francisco State University (to V.T.V.); National Science Foundation Grants IOS-1354241 (to E.B.R.), EF-0723563 (to C.J.B.), and DEB-1557190 (to C.J.B.); and NIH Grant R01ES12067 (to C.J.B.). This is contribution 555 of the US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 27 U2 27 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 18 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 42 BP 11889 EP 11894 DI 10.1073/pnas.1600983113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DZ1PN UT WOS:000385610400075 PM 27698128 ER PT J AU Stading, BR Osorio, JE Velasco-Villa, A Smotherman, M Kingstad-Bakke, B Rocke, TE AF Stading, Ben R. Osorio, Jorge E. Velasco-Villa, Andres Smotherman, Michael Kingstad-Bakke, Brock Rocke, Tonie E. TI Infectivity of attenuated poxvirus vaccine vectors and immunogenicity of a raccoonpox vectored rabies vaccine in the Brazilian Free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Poxvirus; Vaccine; Bat; Chiroptera; Rabies ID VAMPIRE BATS; VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN; ORAL VACCINATION; RECOMBINANT VACCINE; DESMODUS-ROTUNDUS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PROCYON-LOTOR; IMMUNIZATION; PROTECTION; TRANSMISSION AB Bats (Order Chiroptera) are an abundant group of mammals with tremendous ecological value as insectivores and plant dispersers, but their role as reservoirs of zoonotic diseases has received more attention in the last decade. With the goal of managing disease in free-ranging bats, we tested modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) and raccoon poxvirus (RCN) as potential vaccine vectors in the Brazilian Free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis), using biophotonic in vivo imaging and immunogenicity studies. Animals were administered recombinant poxviral vectors expressing the luciferase gene (MVA-luc, RCN-luc) through oronasal (ON) or intramuscular (IM) routes. and subsequently monitored for bioluminescent signal indicative of viral infection. No clinical illness was noted after exposure to any of the vectors, and limited luciferase expression was observed. Higher and longer levels of expression were observed with the RCN-luc construct. When given IM, luciferase expression was limited to the site of injection, while ON exposure led to initial expression in the oral cavity, often followed by secondary replication at another location, likely the gastric mucosa or gastric associated lymphatic tissue. Viral DNA was detected in oral swabs up to 7 and 9 days post infection (dpi) for MVA and RCN, respectively. While no live virus was detected in oral swabs from MVA-infected bats, titers up to 3.88 x 10(4) PFU/ml were recovered from oral swabs of RCN-infected bats. Viral DNA was also detected in fecal samples from two bats inoculated IM with RCN, but no live virus was recovered. Finally, we examined the immunogenicity of a RCN based rabies vaccine (RCN-G) following ON administration. Significant rabies neutralizing antibody titers were detected in the serum of immunized bats using the rapid fluorescence focus inhibition test (RFFIT). These studies highlight the safety and immunogenicity of attenuated poxviruses and their potential use as vaccine vectors in bats. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stading, Ben R.; Osorio, Jorge E.; Kingstad-Bakke, Brock] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, 1656 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stading, Ben R.; Rocke, Tonie E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Velasco-Villa, Andres] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Smotherman, Michael] Texas A&M Univ, 3258 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Rocke, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM stading@wisc.edu; jorge.osorio@wisc.edu; dly3@cdc.gov; msmotherman@bio.tamu.edu; babakke@wisc.edu; trocke@usgs.gov OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 FU USGS; National Institutes of Health, Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award Institutional Training Grant from the National Center for Research Resources [T32 RR023916] FX We would like to acknowledge the technical assistance of Jennifer Brunner, Elizabeth Falendysz, Nicole Ward, and the other employees at the NWHC that helped with bat care. Additionally, we are grateful to Robin Russell and Katie Richgels for assistance in statistical analysis, Erik Hofmeister for reviewing the manuscript, and David Blehert and Dave Redell for providing their knowledge and expertise. This work was supported by the USGS and the National Institutes of Health, Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award Institutional Training Grant T32 RR023916, from the National Center for Research Resources. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 17 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 44 BP 5352 EP 5358 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.088 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA EA1BF UT WOS:000386322600019 PM 27650872 ER PT J AU Curry, B Henne, PD Mesquita-Joanes, F Marrone, F Pieri, V La Mantia, T Calo, C Tinner, W AF Curry, Brandon Henne, Paul D. Mesquita-Joanes, Francesc Marrone, Federico Pieri, Valentina La Mantia, Tommaso Calo, Camilla Tinner, Willy TI Holocene paleoclimate inferred from salinity histories of adjacent lakes in southwestern Sicily (Italy) SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Mediterranean; Paleoclimate; Holocene; Ostracodes; Sicily; Paleohydrology ID MARGINAL MARINE ENVIRONMENTS; CYPRIDEIS-TOROSA CRUSTACEA; OXYGEN ISOTOPIC-RATIOS; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION; LACUSTRINE CARBONATES; CONTRASTING PATTERNS; MEDITERRANEAN FOREST; HYDROLOGICAL CHANGES; LATE PLEISTOCENE; CLIMATIC CHANGES AB Marked uncertainties persist regarding the climatic evolution of the Mediterranean region during the Holocene. For instance, whether moisture availability gradually decreased, remained relatively constant, or increased during the last 7000 years remains a matter of debate. To assess Holocene limnology, hydrology and moisture dynamics, the coastal lakes Lago Preola and Gorgo Basso, located in southwestern Sicily, were investigated through several stratigraphic analyses of ostracodes, including multivariate analyses of assemblages, transfer functions of salinity, and biochemical analyses of valves (Sr/Ca, delta O-18 and delta C-13). During the early Holocene, the Gorgo Basso and Lago Preola ostracode records are similar. After an initial period of moderate salinity (1690-6100 mg/l from ca. 10,000-8190 cal yr BP), syndepositional or diagenetic dissolution of ostracode valves suggests that salinity declined to <250 mg/L from ca. 8190 to 7000 cal yr BP at both sites. After ca. 6250 cal yr BP, the ostracode records are strikingly different. Lago Preola became much more saline, with paleosalinity values that ranged from 2270 to about 24,420 mg/L. We suggest that Lago Preola's change from a freshwater to mesosaline lake at about 6250 cal yr BP was related to sea level rise and resulting intrusion of seawater-influenced groundwater. In contrast, Gorgo Basso remained a freshwater lake. The salinity of Gorgo Basso declined somewhat after 6250 cal yr BP, in comparison to the early Holocene, ranging from about 550 to 1680 mg/L. Cypria ophtalmica, a species capable of rapid swimming and flourishing in waters with low dissolved oxygen levels, became dominant at approximately the time when Greek civilization took root in Sicily (2600 cal yr BP), and it completely dominates the record during Roman occupation (roughly 2100 to 1700 cal yr BP). These freshwater conditions at Gorgo Basso suggest high effective moisture when evergreen olive-oak forests collapsed in response to increased Greco-Roman land use and fire. Ostracode valve geochemistry (Sr/Ca, delta O-18) suggests significant changes in early vs. late Holocene hydrochemistry, either as changes in salinity or in the seasonality of precipitation. Harmonizing the autecological and geochemical data from Gorgo Basso suggests the latter was more likely, with relatively more late Holocene precipitation falling during the spring, summer, and fall, than winter compared to the early Holocene. Our ostracode-inferred paleosalinity data indicate that moisture availability did not decline during the late Holocene in the central Mediterranean region. Instead, moisture availability was lowest during the early Holocene, and most abundant during the late Holocene. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Curry, Brandon] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois State Geol Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Henne, Paul D.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, DFC, POB 25046,MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Henne, Paul D.; Calo, Camilla; Tinner, Willy] Univ Bern, Inst Plant Sci, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland. [Henne, Paul D.; Calo, Camilla; Tinner, Willy] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland. [Mesquita-Joanes, Francesc] Univ Valencia, Dept Microbiol & Ecol ICBiBE, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. [Marrone, Federico] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Biol Chim & Farmaceut, Sicily, Italy. [Pieri, Valentina] Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, Vautierstr 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [La Mantia, Tommaso] Univ Palermo, SAF Dipartimento, Facolta Agr, Viale Sci Ed 4, Sicily, Italy. RP Curry, B (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois State Geol Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM bcurry@illinois.edu RI Tinner, Willy/F-6727-2013; OI Mesquita-Joanes, Francesc/0000-0001-7168-1980; Henne, Paul/0000-0003-1211-5545; Marrone, Federico/0000-0002-4730-0452 NR 96 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 150 BP 67 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.18.013 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EK3RV UT WOS:000393845900005 ER PT J AU Costa, A Suzuki, YJ Cerminara, M Devenish, BJ Ongaro, TE Herzog, M Van Eaton, AR Denby, LC Bursik, M Vitturi, MD Engwell, S Neri, A Barsotti, S Folch, A Macedonio, G Girault, F Carazzo, G Tait, S Kaminski, E Mastin, LG Woodhouse, MJ Phillips, JC Hogg, AJ Degruyter, W Bonadonna, C AF Costa, A. Suzuki, Y. J. Cerminara, M. Devenish, B. J. Ongaro, T. Esposti Herzog, M. Van Eaton, A. R. Denby, L. C. Bursik, M. Vitturi, M. de'Michieli Engwell, S. Neri, A. Barsotti, S. Folch, A. Macedonio, G. Girault, F. Carazzo, G. Tait, S. Kaminski, E. Mastin, L. G. Woodhouse, M. J. Phillips, J. C. Hogg, A. J. Degruyter, W. Bonadonna, C. TI Results of the eruptive column model inter-comparison study SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Explosive volcanism; Eruptive plumes dynamics; Fluid dynamic models; Model inter-comparison; Eruption source parameters ID EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; BUOYANT PLUMES; TURBULENT JETS; CROSS-FLOW; ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; ENERGY DISPERSION; DIRECT SIMULATION; MULTIPHASE FLOW; UNSTEADY JETS AB This study compares and evaluates one-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) numerical models of volcanic eruption columns in a set of different inter-comparison exercises. The exercises were designed as a blind test in which a set of common input parameters was given for two reference eruptions, representing a strong and a weak eruption column under different meteorological conditions. Comparing the results of the different models allows us to evaluate their capabilities and target areas for future improvement. Despite their different formulations, the 1D and 3D models provide reasonably consistent predictions of some of the key global descriptors of the volcanic plumes. Variability in plume height, estimated from the standard deviation of model predictions, is within similar to 20% for the weak plume and similar to 10% for the strong plume. Predictions of neutral buoyancy level are also in reasonably good agreement among the different models, with a standard deviation ranging from 9 to 19% (the latter for the weak plume in a windy atmosphere). Overall, these discrepancies are in the range of observational uncertainty of column height. However, there are important differences amongst models in terms of local properties along the plume axis, particularly for the strong plume. Our analysis suggests that the simplified treatment of entrainment in 1D models is adequate to resolve the general behaviour of the weak plume. However, it is inadequate to capture complex features of the strong plume, such as large vortices, partial column collapse, or gravitational fountaining that strongly enhance entrainment in the lower atmosphere. We conclude that there is a need to more accurately quantify entrainment rates, improve the representation of plume radius, and incorporate the effects of column instability in future versions of 1D volcanic plume models. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Costa, A.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy. [Costa, A.; Suzuki, Y. J.] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Cerminara, M.; Ongaro, T. Esposti; Vitturi, M. de'Michieli; Engwell, S.; Neri, A.; Barsotti, S.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Pisa, Italy. [Devenish, B. J.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Herzog, M.; Denby, L. C.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Van Eaton, A. R.; Mastin, L. G.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Reston, VA USA. [Bursik, M.] Univ Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY USA. [Barsotti, S.] Iceland Meteorol Off, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Folch, A.] Barcelona Supercomput Ctr, Barcelona, Spain. [Macedonio, G.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Naples, Italy. [Girault, F.; Carazzo, G.; Tait, S.; Kaminski, E.] IPG Paris, Paris, France. [Girault, F.; Carazzo, G.; Tait, S.; Kaminski, E.] Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France. [Woodhouse, M. J.; Phillips, J. C.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Hogg, A. J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Math, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Degruyter, W.] Georgia Tech, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bonadonna, C.] Univ Geneva, Dept Earth Sci, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. RP Costa, A (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy.; Costa, A (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. RI Girault, Frederic/A-6122-2011; Costa, Antonio/D-2410-2009; Neri, Augusto/A-1623-2009; de' Michieli Vitturi, Mattia/I-8006-2012; Kaminski, Edouard/F-8929-2010; Cerminara, Matteo/B-2081-2017; Tait, Stephen/E-8258-2017; Esposti Ongaro, Tomaso/E-4036-2015; OI Costa, Antonio/0000-0002-4987-6471; Neri, Augusto/0000-0002-3536-3624; de' Michieli Vitturi, Mattia/0000-0002-6750-9245; Kaminski, Edouard/0000-0001-6965-8482; Cerminara, Matteo/0000-0001-5155-5872; Esposti Ongaro, Tomaso/0000-0002-6663-5311; Folch, Arnau/0000-0002-0677-6366 FU International Research Promotion Office Earthquake Research Institute, the University of Tokyo; EU [308665, 308,377]; NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship [EAR1250029]; USGS Mendenhall Fellowship; NSF-IDR; AFOSR; NERC [NE/I01554X/1]; INSU, CNRS FX AC was partially supported by a grant of the International Research Promotion Office Earthquake Research Institute, the University of Tokyo. AC, GM, AN, MdMV, TEO and MC were partially supported by the EU-funded project MEDiterranean SUpersite Volcanoes (MEDSUV) (grant n. 308665). AVE acknowledges NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship EAR1250029 and a USGS Mendenhall Fellowship. MIB was supported partially by NSF-IDR and AFOSR. AJH, MJW, and JCP were partially supported by the NERC-funded project Vanaheim (grant no. NE/I01554X/1) and the EU-funded project FutureVolc (grant no. 308,377). FG, GC, ST, and EK were partially supported by INSU, CNRS. We wish to thank T. Koyaguchi, S. Solovitz, and an anonymous reviewer for constructive suggestions that improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 95 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 12 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 326 SI SI BP 2 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.01.017 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EB8FD UT WOS:000387626000002 ER PT J AU Suzuki, YJ Costa, A Cerminara, M Ongaro, TE Herzog, M Van Eaton, AR Denby, LC AF Suzuki, Y. J. Costa, A. Cerminara, M. Ongaro, T. Esposti Herzog, M. Van Eaton, A. R. Denby, L. C. TI Inter-comparison of three-dimensional models of volcanic plumes SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Explosive volcanism; Eruptive plume dynamics; Fluid dynamics models; Three-dimensional simulations; Model inter-comparison ID ERUPTION COLUMNS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; MULTIPHASE FLOW; FLUID-DYNAMICS; SHINMOE-DAKE; ENTRAINMENT; TRANSPORT; CLOUDS; JETS; PARAMETERS AB We performed an inter-comparison study of three-dimensional models of volcanic plumes. A set of common volcanological input parameters and meteorological conditions were provided for two kinds of eruptions, representing a weak and a strong eruption column. From the different models, we compared the maximum plume height, neutral buoyancy level (where plume density equals that of the atmosphere), and level of maximum radial spreading of the umbrella cloud. We also compared the vertical profiles of eruption column properties, integrated across cross sections of the plume (integral variables). Although the models use different numerical procedures and treatments of subgrid turbulence and particle dynamics, the inter-comparison shows qualitatively consistent results. In the weak plume case (mass eruption rate 1.5 x 10(6) kg s(-1)), the vertical profiles of plume properties (e.g., vertical velocity, temperature) are similar among models, especially in the buoyant plume region. Variability among the simulated maximum heights is similar to 20%, whereas neutral buoyancy level and level of maximum radial spreading vary by similar to 10%. Time-averaging of the three-dimensional (3D) flow fields indicates an effective entrainment coefficient around 0.1 in the buoyant plume region, with much lower values in the jet region, which is consistent with findings of smallscale laboratory experiments. On the other hand, the strong plume case (mass eruption rate 1.5 x 10(9) kg s(-1)) shows greater variability in the vertical plume profiles predicted by the different models. Our analysis suggests that the unstable flow dynamics in the strong plume enhances differences in the formulation and numerical solution of the models. This is especially evident in the overshooting top of the plume, which extends a significant portion (similar to 1/8) of the maximum plume height. Nonetheless, overall variability in the spreading level and neutral buoyancy level is similar to 20%, whereas that of maximum height is similar to 10%. This inter-comparison study has highlighted the different capabilities of 3D volcanic plume models, and identified key features of weak and strong plumes, including the roles of jet stability, entrainment efficiency, and particle non-equilibrium, which deserve future investigation in field, laboratory, and numerical studies. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Suzuki, Y. J.; Costa, A.] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Costa, A.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy. [Cerminara, M.; Ongaro, T. Esposti] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Pisa, Italy. [Herzog, M.; Denby, L. C.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Van Eaton, A. R.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Suzuki, YJ (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. EM yujiro@eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Costa, Antonio/D-2410-2009; Cerminara, Matteo/B-2081-2017; Esposti Ongaro, Tomaso/E-4036-2015 OI Costa, Antonio/0000-0002-4987-6471; Cerminara, Matteo/0000-0001-5155-5872; Esposti Ongaro, Tomaso/0000-0002-6663-5311 FU ERI Cooperative Research Program; KAKENHI [25750142]; International Research Promotion Office Earthquake Research Institute; University of Tokyo; EU [308665]; CINECA award [N. HP10BKFD9F]; NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship [p EAR1250029]; U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall fellowship; NASA Ames Supercomputing Center [GID 61233] FX YJS was partially supported by the ERI Cooperative Research Program and KAKENHI (25750142). The computations of SK-3D were carried out in part on the Earth Simulator at the JAMSTEC and also on the Primergy RX200S6 at the Research Computer System, Kyushu University. AC was partially supported by a grant of the International Research Promotion Office Earthquake Research Institute, the University of Tokyo. AC, TEO and MC were partially supported by the EU-funded project MEDiterranean Supersite Volcanoes (MEDSUV; grant no. 308665). MC acknowledges CINECA award N. HP10BKFD9F (2013) for high performance computing resources and support. AVE acknowledges NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship EAR1250029, a U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall fellowship, and grant GID 61233 from NASA Ames Supercomputing Center. We wish to thank A. Neri, J. Dufek, and D.L. Georg for constructive suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 326 SI SI BP 26 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.06.011 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EB8FD UT WOS:000387626000003 ER PT J AU Franson, JC Flint, PL Schmutz, JA AF Franson, J. Christian Flint, Paul L. Schmutz, Joel A. TI Blood selenium concentrations in female Pacific black brant molting in Arctic Alaska: Relationships with age and habitat salinity SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Pacific black brant; Brenta bernicla nigricans; Molt; Blood; Selenium; Alaska ID COMMON EIDERS; GLUTATHIONE METABOLISM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TESHEKPUK LAKE; EMPEROR GEESE; LEAD; MERCURY; USA AB Blood samples collected from 81 female Pacific black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) molting near Teshekpuk Lake, Alaska, were analyzed for selenium concentration. The concentration of selenium in blood of after second year (hatched two or more years ago) females (0.84 mu g/g wet weight) was significantly greater than the concentration in second year (hatched the previous year) females (0.61 mu g/g wet weight). The concentrations of selenium we found in blood of black brant were 1.5 to 2 times greater than baseline values typical of freshwater birds, but considerably lower than reported in other marine waterfowl sampled in Alaska. This finding may be attributable in part to the nearly exclusive herbivorous diet of black brant. No relationship was noted between blood selenium concentration and molting habitat salinity. We are unaware of any previous reports of blood selenium concentrations in black brant. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Franson, J. Christian] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Flint, Paul L.; Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Franson, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM jfranson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 7, Division of Migratory Bird Management provided aerial support and assisted with capture of geese. We thank the many field staff who participated in capture, handling, and sampling of geese, Daniel Finley for analysis of samples, and Dirk Derksen, Thierry Work, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 111 IS 1-2 BP 453 EP 455 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.110 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DY1KO UT WOS:000384854100060 PM 27381988 ER PT J AU Petrakis, R Wu, ZT McVay, J Middleton, B Dye, D Vogel, J AF Petrakis, Roy Wu, Zhuoting McVay, Jason Middleton, Barry Dye, Dennis Vogel, John TI Vegetative response to water availability on the San Carlos Apache Reservation SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Drought; Ponderosa pine forest; Pinyon-juniper woodlands; Grasslands; Water availability metrics; Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index II (MSAVI(2)) ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; LEAF-AREA INDEX; TREE MORTALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN ARIZONA; MULTISCALE ANALYSIS; BEETLE OUTBREAK AB On the San Carlos Apache Reservation in east-central Arizona, U.S.A., vegetation types such as ponderosa pine forests, pinyon-juniper woodlands, and grasslands have significant ecological, cultural, and economic value for the Tribe. This value extends beyond the tribal lands and across the Western United States. Vegetation across the Southwestern United States is susceptible to drought conditions and fluctuating water availability. Remotely sensed vegetation indices can be used to measure and monitor spatial and temporal vegetative response to fluctuating water availability conditions. We used the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index II (MSAVI(2)) to measure the condition of three dominant vegetation types (ponderosa pine forest, woodland, and grassland) in response to two fluctuating environmental variables: precipitation and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The study period covered 2002 through 2014 and focused on a region within the San Carlos Apache Reservation. We determined that grassland and woodland had a similar moderate to strong, year-round, positive relationship with precipitation as well as with summer SPEI. This suggests that these vegetation types respond negatively to drought conditions and are more susceptible to initial precipitation deficits. Ponderosa pine forest had a comparatively weaker relationship with monthly precipitation and summer SPEI, indicating that it is more buffered against short-term drought conditions. This research highlights the response of multiple, dominant vegetation types to seasonal and inter-annual water availability. This research demonstrates that multi-temporal remote sensing imagery can be an effective tool for the large scale detection of vegetation response to adverse impacts from climate change and support potential management practices such as increased monitoring and management of drought affected areas. Different vegetation types displayed various responses to water availability, further highlighting the need for individual management plans for forest and woodland, especially considering the projected drier conditions in the Southwest U.S. and other arid or semi-arid regions around the world. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. C1 [Petrakis, Roy; Wu, Zhuoting; McVay, Jason; Middleton, Barry; Dye, Dennis; Vogel, John] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Petrakis, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM rpetrakis@usgs.gov; zwu@usgs.gov; jlm683@nau.edu; bmiddleton@usgs.gov; ddye@usgs.gov; jvogel@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Land Change Science program FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Land Change Science program. Thanks to Miguel Velasco for data processing of the PRISM and MSAVI2 imagery. Thank you to Erin Bunting for providing the SPEI imagery. Thanks to Leila Gass for her critical review of earlier versions of the paper. The use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 378 BP 14 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.012 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DX5AS UT WOS:000384392800002 ER PT J AU Paxman, GJG Watts, AB Ferraccioli, F Jordan, TA Bell, RE Jamieson, SSR Finn, CA AF Paxman, G. J. G. Watts, A. B. Ferraccioli, F. Jordan, T. A. Bell, R. E. Jamieson, S. S. R. Finn, C. A. TI Erosion-driven uplift in the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains of East Antarctica SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE East Antarctica; gravitational admittance; flexure; erosion; landscape evolution; paleotopography ID PRINCE-CHARLES MOUNTAINS; CENOZOIC LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; EFFECTIVE ELASTIC THICKNESS; ICE-SHEET; CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE; GLACIAL EROSION; LAMBERT GRABEN; TOPOGRAPHY; ANOMALIES; INCISION AB The relative roles of climate and tectonics in mountain building have been widely debated. Central to this debate is the process of flexural uplift in response to valley incision. Here we quantify this process in the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, a paradoxical tectonic feature in cratonic East Antarctica. Previous studies indicate that rifting and strike-slip tectonics may have provided a key trigger for the initial uplift of the Gamburtsevs, but the contribution of more recent valley incision remains to be quantified. Inverse spectral (free-air admittance and Bouguer coherence) methods indicate that, unusually for continents, the coherence between free-air gravity anomalies and bedrock topography is high (>0.5) and that the elastic thickness of the lithosphere is anomalously low (<15 km), in contrast to previously reported values of up to similar to 70 km. The isostatic effects of two different styles of erosion are quantified: dendritic fluvial incision overprinted by Alpine-style glacial erosion in the Gamburtsevs and outlet glacier-type selective linear erosion in the Lambert Rift, part of the East Antarctic Rift System. 3D flexural models indicate that valley incision has contributed ca. 500 m of peak uplift in the Gamburtsevs and up to 1.2 km in the Lambert Rift, which is consistent with the present-day elevation of Oligocene-Miocene glaciomarine sediments. Overall, we find that 17-25% of Gamburtsev peak uplift can be explained by erosional unloading. These relatively low values are typical of temperate mountain ranges, suggesting that most of the valley incision in the Gamburtsevs occurred prior to widespread glaciation at 34 Ma. The pre-incision topography of the Gamburtsevs lies at 2-2.5 km above sea-level, confirming that they were a key inception point for the development of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Tectonic and/or dynamic processes were therefore responsible for ca. 80% of the elevation of the modern Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Paxman, G. J. G.; Watts, A. B.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, South Pk Rd, Oxford OX1 3AN, England. [Paxman, G. J. G.; Jamieson, S. S. R.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Ferraccioli, F.; Jordan, T. A.] British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Bell, R. E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Finn, C. A.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Paxman, GJG (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Geog, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM guyj.paxman@durham.ac.uk RI Jamieson, Stewart/B-8330-2013; OI Jamieson, Stewart/0000-0002-9036-2317; Paxman, Guy/0000-0003-1787-7442 FU Burdett-Coutts Fund; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford; St. Edmund Hall; Bundensanstalt fur Geowissenschaften and Rohstoffe (BGR) FX Support for GJGP was provided by the Burdett-Coutts Fund, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford and by St. Edmund Hall. We thank Doug Wilson and Egidio Armadillo for their constructive criticism and helpful comments, which greatly improved the final manuscript. The landscape evolution model was modified from a MATLAB script kindly provided by Thorsten Becker. The figures were prepared using the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) software package (Wessel et al., 2013). The authors would like to acknowledge the Bundensanstalt fur Geowissenschaften and Rohstoffe (BGR) for all the support received for the AGAP mission, and in particular Detlef Damaske for his help in planning the airborne geophysical campaign. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 452 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.040 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DV5YE UT WOS:000383005800001 ER PT J AU Praetorius, S Mix, A Jensen, B Froese, D Milne, G Wolhowe, M Addison, J Prahl, F AF Praetorius, Summer Mix, Alan Jensen, Britta Froese, Duane Milne, Glenn Wolhowe, Matthew Addison, Jason Prahl, Fredrick TI Interaction between climate, volcanism, and isostatic rebound in Southeast Alaska during the last deglaciation SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE paleoclimate; deglaciation; volcanism; isostatic rebound; Alaska; Mt. Edgecumbe ID POSTGLACIAL SEA-LEVEL; GREENLAND ICE-CORE; PINATUBO ERUPTION; NORTH PACIFIC; ASH LAYERS; AGE EARTH; RECORDS; TEPHRA; MODEL; HOLOCENE AB Observations of enhanced volcanic frequency during the last deglaciation have led to the hypothesis that ice unloading in glaciated volcanic terrains can promote volcanism through decompression melting in the shallow mantle or a reduction in crustal magma storage time. However, a direct link between regional climate change, isostatic adjustment, and the initiation of volcanism remains to be demonstrated due to the difficulty of obtaining high-resolution well-dated records that capture short-term climate and volcanic variability traced to a particular source region. Here we present an exceptionally resolved record of 19 tephra layers paired with foraminiferal oxygen isotopes and alkenone paleotemperatures from marine sediment cores along the Southeast Alaska margin spanning the last deglacial transition. Major element compositions of the tephras indicate a predominant source from the nearby Mt. Edgecumbe Volcanic Field (MEVF). We constrain the timing of this regional eruptive sequence to 14.6-13.1 ka. The sudden increase in volcanic activity from the MEVF coincides with the onset of Bolling-Allerod interstadial warmth, the disappearance of ice-rafted detritus, and rapid vertical land motion associated with modeled regional isostatic rebound in response to glacier retreat. These data support the hypothesis that regional deglaciation can rapidly trigger volcanic activity. Rapid sea surface temperature fluctuations and an increase in local salinity (i.e., delta(18)Osw) variability are associated with the interval of intense volcanic activity, consistent with a two-way interaction between climate and volcanism in which rapid volcanic response to ice unloading may in turn enhance short-term melting of the glaciers, plausibly via albedo effects on glacier ablation zones. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Praetorius, Summer; Mix, Alan; Wolhowe, Matthew; Prahl, Fredrick] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Praetorius, Summer] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Jensen, Britta; Froese, Duane] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Jensen, Britta] Royal Alberta Museum, 12845 102 Ave, Edmonton, AB T5N 0M6, Canada. [Milne, Glenn] Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Addison, Jason] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Praetorius, S (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM spraetorius@carnegiescience.edu OI Addison, Jason/0000-0003-2416-9743 FU NSF (Project PALEOVAR) [AGS-0602395, OCE-1204204]; NSF graduate research fellowship; USGS Climate and Land Use Research & Development Program FX We thank K. Brewster for assistance with alkenone sample preparation and analysis measurements, J. Padman for assistance with marine sediment sample preparation, J. Pedro, C. Bacon, M. Clynne, and three anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions that significantly improved the manuscript. This work was supported by NSF grants AGS-0602395 (Project PALEOVAR, ACM) and OCE-1204204 (A.C.M. and F.G.P.), and an NSF graduate research fellowship for S.K.P. J.A. was supported by the USGS Climate and Land Use Research & Development Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for the descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 452 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.033 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DV5YE UT WOS:000383005800008 ER PT J AU Musgrove, M Opsahl, SP Mahler, BJ Herrington, C Sample, TL Banta, JR AF Musgrove, M. Opsahl, S. P. Mahler, B. J. Herrington, C. Sample, T. L. Banta, J. R. TI Source, variability, and transformation of nitrate in a regional karst aquifer: Edwards aquifer, central Texas SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen; Nutrients; Nitrification; Isotopes; Urbanization ID FRESH-WATER; NATURAL DENITRIFICATION; NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS; ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; WASTE-WATER; LAND USES; GROUNDWATER; FLOW AB Many karst regions are undergoing rapid population growth and expansion of urban land accompanied by increases in wastewater generation and changing patterns of nitrate (NO3-) loading to surface and groundwater. We investigate variability and sources of NO3- in a regional karst aquifer system, the Edwards aquifer of central Texas. Samples from streams recharging the aquifer, groundwater wells, and springs were collected during 2008-12 from the Barton Springs and San Antonio segments of the Edwards aquifer and analyzed for nitrogen (N) species concentrations and NO3- stable isotopes (delta N-15 and delta O-18). These data were augmented by historical data collected from 1937 to 2007. NO3- concentrations and discharge data indicate that short-term variability (days to months) in groundwater NO3- concentrations in the Barton Springs segment is controlled by occurrence of individual storms and multi-annual wet-dry cycles, whereas the lack of short-term variability in groundwater in the San Antonio segment indicates the dominance of transport along regional flow paths. In both segments, longer-term increases (years to decades) in NO3- concentrations cannot be attributed to hydrologic conditions; rather, isotopic ratios and land-use change indicate that septic systems and land application of treated wastewater might be the source of increased loading of NO3-. These results highlight the vulnerability of karst aquifers to NO3- contamination from urban wastewater. An analysis of N-species loading in recharge and discharge for the Barton Springs segment during 2008-10 indicates an overall mass balance in total N, but recharge contains higher concentrations of organic N and lower concentrations of NO3- than does discharge, consistent with nitrification of organic N within the aquifer and consumption of dissolved oxygen. This study demonstrates that subaqueous nitrification of organic N in the aquifer, as opposed to in soils, might be a previously unrecognized source of NO3- to karst groundwater or other oxic groundwater systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Musgrove, M.; Mahler, B. J.] US Geol Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Opsahl, S. P.; Banta, J. R.] US Geol Survey, 5563 DeZavala,Ste 290, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Herrington, C.] City Austin Watershed Protect Dept, Austin, TX 78704 USA. [Sample, T. L.] US Geol Survey, 19241 David Mem Dr,Ste 180, Conroe, TX 77385 USA. RP Musgrove, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM mmusgrov@usgs.gov OI musgrove, marylynn/0000-0003-1607-3864; Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552 NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 21 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 457 EP 469 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.201 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300047 PM 27314899 ER PT J AU Obrist, D Pearson, C Webster, J Kane, T Lin, CJ Aiken, GR Alpers, CN AF Obrist, Daniel Pearson, Christopher Webster, Jackson Kane, Tyler Lin, Che-Jen Aiken, George R. Alpers, Charles N. TI A synthesis of terrestrial mercury in the western United States: Spatial distribution defined by land cover and plant productivity SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Western North American mercury synthesis; Wnams; Landscape gradients; Soil pollution; Plant pump; Trace metals ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; METHYL MERCURY; BOREAL FOREST; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE; HISTORICAL TRENDS; REDUCED SULFUR; DRY DEPOSITION; SIERRA-NEVADA; SURFACE SOILS AB A synthesis of published vegetation mercury (Hg) data across 11 contiguous states in the western United States showed that aboveground biomass concentrations followed the order: leaves (26 xi g kg(-1)) similar to branches (26 mu g kg(-1)) N bark (16 mu g kg(-1)) N bole wood (1 mu g kg(-1)). No spatial trends of Hg in aboveground biomass distribution were detected, which likely is due to very sparse data coverage and different sampling protocols. Vegetation data are largely lacking for important functional vegetation types such as shrubs, herbaceous species, and grasses. Soil concentrations collected from the published literature were high in the western United States, with 12% of observations exceeding 100 mu g kg(-1), reflecting a bias toward investigations in Hg-enriched sites. In contrast, soil Hg concentrations from a randomly distributed data set (1911 sampling points; Smith et al., 2013a) averaged 24 mu g kg(-1) (A-horizon) and 22 mu g kg(-1) (C-horizon), and only 2.6% of data exceeded 100 mu g kg(-1). Soil Hg concentrations significantly differed among land covers, following the order: forested upland N planted/cultivated N herbaceous upland/shrubland N barren soils. Concentrations in forests were on average 2.5 times higher than in barren locations. Principal component analyses showed that soil Hg concentrations were not or weakly related to modeled dry and wet Hg deposition and proximity to mining, geothermal areas, and coal-fired power plants. Soil Hg distribution also was not closely related to other trace metals, but strongly associated with organic carbon, precipitation, canopy greenness, and foliar Hg pools of overlying vegetation. These patterns indicate that soil Hg concentrations are related to atmospheric deposition and reflect an overwhelming influence of plant productivity - driven by water availability - with productive landscapes showing high soil Hg accumulation and unproductive barren soils and shrublands showing low soil Hg values. Large expanses of low-productivity, arid ecosystems across the western U.S. result in some of the lowest soil Hg concentrations observed worldwide. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Obrist, Daniel] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Pearson, Christopher] Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Webster, Jackson] UCB, Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kane, Tyler; Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Lin, Che-Jen] Lamar Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Obrist, D (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM daniel.obrist@dri.edu RI Lin, Che-Jen/K-1808-2013; OI Lin, Che-Jen/0000-0001-5990-3093; Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Coupled Natural-Human Systems Program [1313755]; NSF Division of Polar Programs [1304202]; Desert Research Institute; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; NSF Division of Earth Sciences [EAR-0952068]; John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. Geological Survey FX We would like to thank Roger Kreidberg for the editorial support on this manuscript, and Justin Huntington and Charles Morton for their support with GIS and statistical analyses. We also thank four reviewers and the journal editor for comments to improve an earlier version of this manuscript. Funding was provided in part by: a U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Coupled Natural-Human Systems Program grant #1313755 to J. Perlinger, N. Selin, S. Wu, D. Obrist, and E. Norman; an NSF Division of Polar Programs project # 1304202 to D. Obrist and D. Helmig; and internal funding by the Desert Research Institute. Support also was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Funding for J. Webster was provided by the NSF Division of Earth Sciences (grant # EAR-0952068). This work was conducted as a part of the Western North American Mercury Synthesis (WNAMS) Working Group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. We are grateful to the WNAMS leaders, in particular Collin A. Eagles-Smith, Mark C. Marvin-DiPasquale, and Jacob A. Fleck for providing data, coordination, and inputs; and to all WNAMS participants for valuable scientific discussions. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 115 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 42 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 522 EP 535 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.104 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300054 PM 26775833 ER PT J AU Weiss-Penzias, PS Gay, DA Brigham, ME Parsons, MT Gustin, MS ter Schure, A AF Weiss-Penzias, Peter S. Gay, David A. Brigham, Mark E. Parsons, Matthew T. Gustin, Mae S. ter Schure, Arnout TI Trends in mercury wet deposition and mercury air concentrations across the US and Canada SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Wet deposition; Trends; Mercury deposition network; Gaseous elemental mercury; North America; Sulfate; Precipitation ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES; NORTH-AMERICA; GREAT-BASIN; EMISSIONS; NETWORK; SITES AB This study examined the spatial and temporal trends of mercury (Hg) in wet deposition and air concentrations in the United States (U.S.) and Canada between 1997 and 2013. Data were obtained from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) and Environment Canada monitoring networks, and other sources. Of the 19 sites with data records from 1997-2013, 53% had significant negative trends in Hg concentration in wet deposition, while no sites had significant positive trends, which is in general agreement with earlier studies that considered NADP data up until about 2010. However, for the time period 2007-2013 (71 sites), 17% and 13% of the sites had significant positive and negative trends, respectively, and for the time period 2008-2013 (81 sites) 30% and 6% of the sites had significant positive and negative trends, respectively. Non-significant positive tendencies were also widespread. Regional trend analyses revealed significant positive trends in Hg concentration in the Rocky Mountains, Plains, and Upper Midwest regions for the recent time periods in addition to significant positive trends in Hg deposition for the continent as a whole. Sulfate concentration trends in wet deposition were negative in all regions, suggesting a lower importance of local Hg sources. The trend in gaseous elemental Hg from short-term datasets merged as one continuous record was broadly consistent with trends in Hg concentration in wet deposition, with the early time period (1998-2007) producing a significantly negative trend (-1.5 +/- 0.2% year(-1)) and the recent time period (2008-2013) displaying a flat slope (-0.3 +/- 0.1% year-1, not significant). The observed shift to more positive or less negative trends in Hg wet deposition primarily seen in the Central-Western regions is consistent with the effects of rising Hg emissions from regions outside the U.S. and Canada and the influence of long-range transport in the free troposphere. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Weiss-Penzias, Peter S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Gay, David A.] Univ Illinois, Natl Atmospher Deposit Program, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Brigham, Mark E.] US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN USA. [Parsons, Matthew T.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Gustin, Mae S.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [ter Schure, Arnout] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Weiss-Penzias, PS (reprint author), Dept Microbiol & Environm Toxicol, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. OI Brigham, Mark/0000-0001-7412-6800 FU EPRI; John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the many state, provincial, federal, and non-governmental institutions that collaboratively fund and provide logistical support the MDN, NTN, AMNet, and other networks, which provided much of data for this study. This paper was made possible by funding support through EPRI. We thank the following for contributing data to this project: Eric Edgerton, Winston Luke, Mark Castro, Kevin Crist, Rob Tordon, Dirk Felton, Gary Conley, Ryan Callison, Kevin Perry, Bowen Call, Miriam Pendleton, Eric Miller, Alexandra Steffen, Martin Pilote, Dan Jaffe, Daniel Obrist, Sarah Rothenberg, Key-Young Choe, and Mike Abbott. We thank Greg Wetherbee and Greg Lorenz for their quality control analysis on Hg concentration data from the MDN. We thank Leonard Levin for helpful comments and for providing the EPRI Hg emissions data, and John Jansen, Janet Carter, Keith Lucey, and Mark Nilles for helpful comments on the manuscript. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work was conducted as a part of the Western North American Mercury Synthesis Working Group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 25 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 546 EP 556 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.061 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300056 PM 26803218 ER PT J AU Webster, JP Kane, TJ Obrist, D Ryan, JN Aiken, GR AF Webster, Jackson P. Kane, Tyler J. Obrist, Daniel Ryan, Joseph N. Aiken, George R. TI Estimating mercury emissions resulting from wildfire in forests of the Western United States SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Western North America Mercury Synthesis WNAMS; Soil mercury; Fire severity; Soil heating; FOFEM ID REDUCED SULFUR; DRY DEPOSITION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; FIRE SEVERITY; SOILS; BIOMASS; ATMOSPHERE; CALIFORNIA; PATHWAYS; PATTERNS AB Understanding the emissions of mercury (Hg) from wildfires is important for quantifying the global atmospheric Hg sources. Emissions of Hg from soils resulting from wildfires in the Western United States was estimated for the 2000 to 2013 period, and the potential emission of Hg from forest soils was assessed as a function of forest type and soil-heating. Wildfire released an annual average of 3100 +/- 1900 kg-Hg y(-1) for the years spanning 2000-2013 in the 11 states within the study area. This estimate is nearly 5-fold lower than previous estimates for the study region. Lower emission estimates are attributed to an inclusion of fire severity within burn perimeters. Within reported wildfire perimeters, the average distribution of low, moderate, and high severity burns was 52, 29, and 19% of the total area, respectively. Review of literature data suggests that that low severity burning does not result in soil heating, moderate severity fire results in shallow soil heating, and high severity fire results in relatively deep soil heating (<5 cm). Using this approach, emission factors for high severity burns ranged from 58 to 640 mu g-Hg kg-fuel(-1). In contrast, low severity burns have emission factors that are estimated to be only 18-34 mu g-Hg kg-fuel(-1). In this estimate, wildfire is predicted to release 1-30 g Hg ha(-1) from Western United States forest soils while above ground fuels are projected to contribute an additional 0.9 to 7.8 g Hg ha(-1). Land cover types with low biomass (desert scrub) are projected to release less than 1 g Hg ha(-1). Following soil sources, fuel source contributions to total Hg emissions generally followed the order of duff > wood > foliage > litter > branches. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Webster, Jackson P.; Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, UCB 428, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kane, Tyler J.; Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Bldg 6, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Obrist, Daniel] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Webster, JP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, UCB 428, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Jackson.webster@colorado.edu FU John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Research and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs; National Science Foundation [EAR-0952068, PLR 1304305] FX This work was conducted as a part of the Western North American Mercury Synthesis Working Group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. Support was also provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Research and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs and grants from the National Science Foundation (J. Webster was funded by EAR-0952068 and D. Obrist was funded by PLR 1304305). Additionally, we would like to thank the Environmental Protection Agency, Region-10, for providing additional support for GIS data management through the Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) program. We also greatly appreciate the GIS statistical support from Mike Tate and Michelle Lutz (USGS, Wisconsin). We would like to thank the reviewers of earlier versions of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 18 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 578 EP 586 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.166 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300059 PM 26897612 ER PT J AU Domagalski, J Majewski, MS Alpers, CN Eckley, CS Eagles-Smith, CA Schenk, L Wherry, S AF Domagalski, Joseph Majewski, Michael S. Alpers, Charles N. Eckley, Chris S. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Schenk, Liam Wherry, Susan TI Comparison of mercury mass loading in streams to atmospheric deposition in watersheds of Western North America: Evidence for non-atmospheric mercury sources SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Western North American Mercury Synthesis WNAMS; Urban contaminants; Stream loads; historical mining ID DRY DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; RIVER; CONTAMINATION; CALIFORNIA; DATABASES; BUDGETS; CLIMATE; EASTERN; NEVADA AB Annual stream loads of mercury (Hg) and inputs of wet and dry atmospheric Hg deposition to the landscape were investigated in watersheds of the Western United States and the Canadian-Alaskan Arctic. Mercury concentration and discharge data from flow gauging stations were used to compute annual mass loads with regression models. Measured wet and modeled dry deposition were compared to annual stream loads to compute ratios of Hg stream load to total Hg atmospheric deposition. Watershed land uses or cover included mining, undeveloped, urbanized, and mixed. Of 27 watersheds that were investigated, 15 had some degree of mining, either of Hg or precious metals (gold or silver), where Hg was used in the amalgamation process. Stream loads in excess of annual Hg atmospheric deposition (ratio > 1) were observed in watersheds containing Hg mines and in relatively small and medium-sized watersheds with gold or silver mines, however, larger watersheds containing gold or silver mines, some of which also contain large dams that trap sediment, were sometimes associated with lower load ratios (<0.2). In the non-Arctic regions, watersheds with natural vegetation tended to have low ratios of stream load to Hg deposition (<0.1), whereas urbanized areas had higher ratios (0.34-1.0) because of impervious surfaces. This indicated that, in ecosystems with natural vegetation, Hg is retained in the soil and may be transported subsequently to streams as a result of erosion or in association with dissolved organic carbon. Arctic watersheds (Mackenzie and Yukon Rivers) had a relatively elevated ratio of streamload to atmospheric deposition (0.27 and 0.74), possibly because of melting glaciers or permafrost releasing previously stored Hg to the streams. Overall, our research highlights the important role of watershed characteristics in determining whether a landscape is a net source of Hg or a net sink of atmospheric Hg. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Domagalski, Joseph; Majewski, Michael S.; Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Eckley, Chris S.] US EPA, Off Environm Assessment, EPA Reg 10,1200 6th Ave,Suite 900, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schenk, Liam] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, 2795 Anderson Ave,Suite 106, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. [Wherry, Susan] US Geol Survey, OregonWater Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Domagalski, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM joed@usgs.gov OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285; Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 FU John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. Geological Survey; Region-10 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (RARE) FX This work was conducted as a part of the Western North American Mercury Synthesis Working Group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. We also acknowledge a grant from the Region-10 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (RARE). We also gratefully acknowledge the contribution from Dr. Jerry Lin (Lamar University) for providing output from the Community Multi-scale Air-quality (CMAQ) model of 2009 Hg dry deposition. We are also grateful to the Sacramento Coordinated Monitoring Program (California) for sharing their Fig data for the Sacramento and American Rivers and the Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in the San Francisco Bay. We thank Carl Thodal and Eric Morway, of the Nevada Water Science Center (USGS), for sharing data on the Carson River watershed. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 36 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 638 EP 650 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.112 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300065 PM 27015962 ER PT J AU Eckley, CS Tate, MT Lin, CJ Gustin, M Dent, S Eagles-Smith, C Lutz, MA Wickland, KP Wang, B Gray, JE Edwards, GC Krabbenhoft, DP Smith, DB AF Eckley, Chris S. Tate, Mike T. Lin, Che-Jen Gustin, Mae Dent, Stephen Eagles-Smith, Collin Lutz, Michelle A. Wickland, Kimberly P. Wang, Bronwen Gray, John E. Edwards, Grant C. Krabbenhoft, Dave P. Smith, David B. TI Surface-airmercury fluxes across Western North America: A synthesis of spatial trends and controlling variables SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Dynamic flux chamber; Emission; Deposition; Western North America ID GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY; TERRESTRIAL BACKGROUND SURFACES; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; AIR/SURFACE EXCHANGE; SOIL MERCURY; EASTERN USA; GOLD-MINES; CHAMBER MEASUREMENT; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL AB Mercury (Hg) emission and deposition can occur to and from soils, and are an important component of the global atmospheric Hg budget. This paper focuses on synthesizing existing surface-air Hg flux data collected throughout the Western North American region and is part of a series of geographically focused Hg synthesis projects. A database of existing Hg flux data collected using the dynamic flux chamber (DFC) approach from almost a thousand locations was created for the Western North America region. Statistical analysis was performed on the data to identify the important variables controlling Hg fluxes and to allow spatiotemporal scaling. The results indicated that most of the variability in soil-air Hg fluxes could be explained by variations in soil-Hg concentrations, solar radiation, and soil moisture. This analysis also identified that variations in DFC methodological approaches were detectable among the field studies, with the chamber material and sampling flushing flow rate influencing the magnitude of calculated emissions. The spatiotemporal scaling of soil-air Hg fluxes identified that the largest emissions occurred from irrigated agricultural landscapes in California. Vegetation was shown to have a large impact on surface-air Hg fluxes due to both a reduction in solar radiation reaching the soil as well as from direct uptake of Hg in foliage. Despite high soil Hg emissions from some forested and other heavily vegetated regions, the net ecosystem flux (soil flux + vegetation uptake) was low. Conversely, sparsely vegetated regions showed larger net ecosystem emissions, which were similar in magnitude to atmospheric Hg deposition (except for the Mediterranean California region where soil emissions were higher). The net ecosystem flux results highlight the important role of landscape characteristics in effecting the balance between Hg sequestration and (re-)emission to the atmosphere. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Eckley, Chris S.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Reg 10, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Tate, Mike T.; Lutz, Michelle A.; Krabbenhoft, Dave P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Lin, Che-Jen] Lamar Univ, Ctr Adv Water & Air Qual, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Gustin, Mae] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Dent, Stephen] CDM Smith, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wickland, Kimberly P.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Wang, Bronwen] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Gray, John E.; Smith, David B.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Edwards, Grant C.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Eckley, CS (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy, Reg 10, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM eckley.chris@epa.gov RI Lin, Che-Jen/K-1808-2013; OI Lin, Che-Jen/0000-0001-5990-3093; Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590 FU John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. Geological Survey; Region-10 US EPA Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) grant [14RARE10P18]; ORD Principal Investigator Heather Golden (Ecological Exposure Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory); Regional Science Liaison Bruce Duncan FX This work was conducted as part of the Western North American Mercury Synthesis Group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. We are very thankful for funding provided by the Region-10 US EPA Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) grant (14RARE10P18); and our ORD Principal Investigator Heather Golden (Ecological Exposure Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory), and Regional Science Liaison Bruce Duncan. We are also grateful for the Hg flux data provided for this project by Mark Engle (USGS) and Daniel Obrist (Desert Research Institute) and the GIS assistance by Alex Hall (Dynamac Corporation, contractor to the US EPA). We thank the EPA internal reviewers Lorraine Edmond and Joe Goulet and the journal's anonymous reviewers for their time and input on improving the manuscript. This research does not reflect the official positions and policies of the US EPA. This manuscript has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices (http://pubs.usgs.govlcirc/1367/). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 98 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 651 EP 665 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.121 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300066 PM 26936663 ER PT J AU Jackson, A Evers, DC Eagles-Smith, CA Ackerman, JT Willacker, JJ Elliott, JE Lepak, JM Vander Pol, SS Bryan, CE AF Jackson, Allyson Evers, David C. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Ackerman, Joshua T. Willacker, James J. Elliott, John E. Lepak, Jesse M. Vander Pol, Stacy S. Bryan, Colleen E. TI Mercury risk to avian piscivores acrosswestern United States and Canada SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Bioindicator; Fish; Methylmercury; Risk assessment ID BREEDING COMMON LOONS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; PINCHI LAKE REGION; GAVIA-IMMER; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NORTH-AMERICA; CARSON RIVER; SPACE USE; NEW-YORK AB The widespread distribution of mercury (Hg) threatens wildlife health, particularly piscivorous birds. Western North America is a diverse region that provides critical habitat to many piscivorous bird species, and also has a well-documented history of mercury contamination from legacy mining and atmospheric deposition. The diversity of landscapes in the west limits the distribution of avian piscivore species, complicating broad comparisons across the region. Mercury risk to avian piscivores was evaluated across the western United States and Canada using a suite of avian piscivore species representing a variety of foraging strategies that together occur broadly across the region. Prey fish Hg concentrations were size-adjusted to the preferred size class of the diet for each avian piscivore (Bald Eagle = 36 cm, Osprey = 30 cm, Common and Yellow-billed Loon = 15 cm, Western and Clark's Grebe = 6 cm, and Belted Kingfisher = 5 cm) across each species breeding range. Using a combination of field and lab-based studies on Hg effect in a variety of species, wet weight blood estimates were grouped into five relative risk categories including: background (<0.5 mu g/g), low (0.5-1 mu g/g), moderate (1-2 mu g/g), high (2-3 mu g/g), and extra high >3 mu g/g). These risk categories were used to estimate potential mercury risk to avian piscivores across the west at a 1 degree-by-1 degree grid cell resolution. Avian piscivores foraging on larger-sized fish generally were at a higher relative risk to Hg. Habitats with a relatively high risk included wetland complexes (e.g., prairie pothole in Saskatchewan), river deltas (e.g., San Francisco Bay, Puget Sound, Columbia River), and arid lands ( Great Basin and central Arizona). These results indicate that more intensive avian piscivore sampling is needed across Western North America to generate a more robust assessment of exposure risk. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jackson, Allyson] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Evers, David C.] Biodivers Res Inst, 276 Canco Rd, Portland, ME 04103 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Willacker, James J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Elliott, John E.] Pacific Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm Canada Sci & Technol Branch, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. [Lepak, Jesse M.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, 317 West Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Vander Pol, Stacy S.; Bryan, Colleen E.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Jackson, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM allyson.jackson@oregonstate.edu OI Willacker, James/0000-0002-6286-5224 FU John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program; Government of Canada-Environment Canada-Clean Air Regulatory Agenda-Mercury Science Program; Region-10 US EPA Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) grant; ORD Principal Investigator Heather Golden (Ecological Exposure Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory); Regional Science Liaison Bruce Duncan FX The authors would like to thank everyone who contributed data to both the fish and bird datasets. We would like to thank Jim Wiener for his guidance throughout the Powell Center meetings and Madeline Turnquist and Kiira Siitari for their early help in organizing the fish database. Michelle Lutz and Michael Tate provided GIS support and advice. Jeffrey Tash was integral for help with maps. This work was conducted as a part of the Western North American Mercury Synthesis Working Group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, with additional funding from the U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program. We thank the Government of Canada-Environment Canada-Clean Air Regulatory Agenda-Mercury Science Program for supporting the program and enabling the development of the Western North America project, in particular Linda Campbell, Neil Burgess, and David Depew. We are very thankful for the funding provided by the Region-10 US EPA Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) grant; and our ORD Principal Investigator Heather Golden (Ecological Exposure Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory), and Regional Science Liaison Bruce Duncan. For the marine pelagic seabird eggs, please see Supplemental Table S1 for a list of contributors to the Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP). We also thank Paul Becker, the Marine Environmental Specimen Bank staff, Austin Ahmasuk, Bureau of Indian Affairs, North Pacific Research Board, Beth Flint, Ty Benally, and Jason Omick for their continuing help and support of STAMP. Eggs were collected under MBTA permits MB025914 and MB28525A, and permits from states of AK, HI, tribal nations, Kaena Point Natural Area Reserve and Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Any mention of commercial products is for information only; it does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 32 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 685 EP 696 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.197 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300070 PM 26996522 ER PT J AU Singer, MB Harrison, LR Donovan, PM Blum, JD Marvin-DiPasquale, M AF Singer, Michael Bliss Harrison, Lee R. Donovan, Patrick M. Blum, Joel D. Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark TI Hydrologic indicators of hot spots and hot moments of mercury methylation potential along river corridors SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Flood risk; Hyporheic flow; California; Yuba; Contamination; Food webs ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; SACRAMENTO RIVER; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; CHINOOK SALMON; YOLO BYPASS; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; REDUCING BACTERIA; HYPORHEIC ZONE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARSON RIVER AB The biogeochemical cycling of metals and other contaminants in river-floodplain corridors is controlled by microbial activity responding to dynamic redox conditions. Riverine flooding thus has the potential to affect speciation of redox-sensitive metals such as mercury (Hg). Therefore, inundation history over a period of decades potentially holds information on past production of bioavailable Hg. We investigate this within a Northern California river system with a legacy of landscape-scale 19th century hydraulic gold mining. We combine hydraulic modeling, Hg measurements in sediment and biota, and first-order calculations of mercury transformation to assess the potential role of river floodplains in producing monomethyl mercury (MMHg), a neurotoxin which accumulates in local and migratory food webs. We identify frequently inundated floodplain areas, as well as floodplain areas inundated for long periods. We quantify the probability of MMHg production potential (MPP) associated with hydrology in each sector of the river system as a function of the spatial patterns of overbank inundation and drainage, which affect long-term redox history of contaminated sediments. Our findings identify river floodplains as periodic, temporary, yet potentially important, loci of biogeochemical transformation in which contaminants may undergo change during limited periods of the hydrologic record. We suggest that inundation is an important driver of MPP in river corridors and that the entire flow history must be analyzed retrospectively in terms of inundation magnitude and frequency in order to accurately assess biogeochemical risks, rather than merely highlighting the largest floods or low-flow periods. MMHg bioaccumulation within the aquatic food web in this system may pose a major risk to humans and waterfowl that eat migratory salmonids, which are being encouraged to come up these rivers to spawn. There is a long-term pattern of MPP under the current flow regime that is likely to be accentuated by increasingly common large floods with extended duration. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Singer, Michael Bliss] Univ St Andrews, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. [Singer, Michael Bliss; Harrison, Lee R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Harrison, Lee R.] NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Donovan, Patrick M.; Blum, Joel D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Div Water Resources, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Singer, MB (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland.; Singer, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM bliss@eri.ucsb.edu OI Harrison, Lee/0000-0002-5219-9280 FU National Science Foundation [EAR 1226741, EAR-1225630]; REG Trust FX We thank Tyler Nakamura, Ka'ai Jensen, and Manny Gabet (San Jose State University) for their assistance with field sampling of biota. We also thank Eric Buer, Allan James, Rolf Aalto, and John Higson for earlier sediment sampling effort, sediment characterization, and insights, and Michelle Arias, Jennifer Agee, Le Kieu, and Evangelos Kakouros for assistance in the laboratory and data handling. Additionally, we acknowledge comments from various reviewers and the Editor (Damia Barcelo), which enabled us to improve this paper. Finally, we acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation: EAR 1226741 (to M.B.S.) and EAR-1225630 (to J.D.B.), and from the REG Trust (to M.B.S.). NR 96 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 32 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 697 EP 711 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.005 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300071 PM 26994752 ER PT J AU Fleck, JA Marvin-DiPasquale, M Eagles-Smith, CA Ackerman, JT Lutz, MA Tate, M Alpers, CN Hall, BD Krabbenhoft, DP Eckley, CS AF Fleck, Jacob A. Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Ackerman, Joshua T. Lutz, Michelle A. Tate, Michael Alpers, Charles N. Hall, Britt D. Krabbenhoft, David P. Eckley, Chris S. TI Mercury and methylmercury in aquatic sediment across western North America SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Spatial mercury patterns; Western North American Mercury Synthesis WNAMS; Mercury methylation; Aquatic sediment ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; METHYL MERCURY; QUALITY GUIDELINES; WATER; TRACE; LAKES; FISH; USA; CONTAMINATION; SPECIATION AB Large-scale assessments are valuable in identifying primary factors controlling total mercury (THg) and monomethyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations, and distribution in aquatic ecosystems. Bed sediment THg and MeHg concentrations were compiled for >16,000 samples collected from aquatic habitats throughout the West between 1965 and 2013. The influence of aquatic feature type (canals, estuaries, lakes, and streams), and environmental setting (agriculture, forest, open-water, range, wetland, and urban) on THg and MeHg concentrations was examined. THg concentrations were highest in lake (29.3 +/- 6.5 mu g kg(-1)) and canal (28.6 +/- 6.9 mu g kg(-1)) sites, and lowest in stream(20.7 +/- 4.6 mu g kg(-1)) and estuarine (23.6 +/- 5.6 mu g kg(-1)) sites, which was partially a result of differences in grain size related to hydrologic gradients. By environmental setting, open-water (36.8 +/- 2.2 mu g kg(-1)) and forested (32.0 +/- 2.7 mu g kg(-1)) sites generally had the highest THg concentrations, followed by wetland sites (28.9 +/- 1.7 mu g kg(-1)), rangeland (25.5 +/- 1.5 mu g kg(-1)), agriculture (23.4 +/- 2.0 mu g kg(-1)), and urban (22.7 +/- 2.1 mu g kg(-1)) sites. MeHg concentrations also were highest in lakes (0.55 +/- 0.05 mu g kg(-1)) and canals (0.54 +/- 0.11 mu g kg(-1)), but, in contrast to THg, MeHg concentrations were lowest in open-water sites (0.22 +/- 0.03 mu g kg(-1)). The median percent MeHg (relative to THg) for the western region was 0.7%, indicating an overall low methylation efficiency; however, a significant subset of data (n > 100) had percentages that represent elevated methylation efficiency (>6%). MeHg concentrations were weakly correlated with THg (r(2) = 0.25) across western North America. Overall, these results highlight the large spatial variability in sediment THg and MeHg concentrations throughout western North America and underscore the important roles that landscape and land-use characteristics have on the MeHg cycle. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fleck, Jacob A.; Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Lutz, Michelle A.; Tate, Michael; Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Hall, Britt D.] Univ Regina, Dept Biol, 3737 Wascana Pkwy, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Eckley, Chris S.] US EPA, 1200 6th Ave,St 900,OEA 095, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Fleck, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM jafleck@usgs.gov OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 FU John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, a joint venture of the US Geological Survey; National Science Foundation; USGS Contaminant Biology Program; US EPA Region 10 through a Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) grant; Regional Science Liaison Bruce Duncan; US Geological Survey California Water Science Center FX This work was conducted as a part of the Western North American Mercury Synthesis Working Group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, a joint venture of the US Geological Survey and the National Science Foundation. We are thankful for additional support provided by the USGS Contaminant Biology Program. Additional funding for geospatial analysis was provided US EPA Region 10 through a Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) grant managed by ORD Principal Investigator Heather Golden (Ecological Exposure Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory) and Regional Science Liaison Bruce Duncan. We thank US Geological Survey California Water Science Center colleagues Roger Fujii and Paul Work for general support and Mike Solt and Jim Orlando for technical assistance. The authors would also like to extend our appreciation to working group team members including Kiira Siitari, Joe Domagalski, George Aiken, Daniel Obrist, and Madeleine Turnquist. We would like to extend special thanks to Jim Wiener and David Evers for their leadership in the Mercury Synthesis series. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 39 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 727 EP 738 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.044 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300073 PM 27130329 ER PT J AU Willacker, JJ Eagles-Smith, CA Lutz, MA Tate, MT Lepak, JM Ackerman, JT AF Willacker, James J. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Lutz, Michelle A. Tate, Michael T. Lepak, Jesse M. Ackerman, Joshua T. TI Reservoirs and water management influence fish mercury concentrations in the western United States and Canada SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Lakes; Methylmercury; Post-impoundment; Season; Water level fluctuation; Western North America Mercury Synthesis ID HYDROELECTRIC RESERVOIRS; NORTHERN MANITOBA; METHYL MERCURY; LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS; CADILLAC DESERT; YELLOW PERCH; DAMS; METHYLMERCURY; DOWNSTREAM; RIVER AB Anthropogenic manipulation of aquatic habitats can profoundly alter mercury (Hg) cycling and bioaccumulation. The impoundment of fluvial systems is among the most common habitat manipulations and is known to increase fish Hg concentrations immediately following impoundment. However, it is not well understood how Hg concentrations differ between reservoirs and lakes at large spatial and temporal scales or how reservoir management influences fish Hg concentrations. This study evaluated total Hg (THg) concentrations in 64,386 fish from 883 reservoirs and 1387 lakes, across the western United States and Canada, to assess differences between reservoirs and lakes, as well as the influence of reservoir management on fish THg concentrations. Fish THg concentrations were 1.4-fold higher in reservoirs (0.13 +/- 0.011 mu g/g wet weight +/- standard error) than lakes (0.09 +/- 0.006), though this difference varied among ecoregions. Fish THg concentrations were 1.5- to 2.6-fold higher in reservoirs than lakes of the North American Deserts, Northern Forests, and Mediterranean California ecoregions, but did not differ between reservoirs and lakes in four other ecoregions. Fish THg concentrations peaked in three-year-old reservoirs then rapidly declined in 4-12 year old reservoirs. Water management was particularly important in influencing fish THg concentrations, which were up to 11-times higher in reservoirs with minimum water storage occurring in May, June, or July compared to reservoirs with minimum storage occurring in other months. Between-year changes in maximum water storage strongly influenced fish THg concentrations, but within-year fluctuations in water levels did not influence fish THg concentrations. Specifically, fish THg concentrations increased up to 3.2-fold over the range of between-year changes in maximum water storage in all ecoregions except Mediterranean California. These data highlight the role of reservoir creation and management in influencing fish THg concentrations and suggest that water management may provide an effective means of mitigating Hg bioaccumulation in some reservoirs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Willacker, James J.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lutz, Michelle A.; Tate, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Lepak, Jesse M.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, 317 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Willacker, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jwillacker@usgs.gov OI Willacker, James/0000-0002-6286-5224 FU John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis - U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program; National Park Service Air Resources Division; US EPA Region 10 RARE Program FX This work was conducted as a part of the Western North American Mercury Synthesis Working Group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, with additional support from the U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program, National Park Service Air Resources Division, and the US EPA Region 10 RARE Program. We are indebted to the numerous agencies and researchers that donated data to this effort, particularly the Mercury Science Program of Environment Canada, and Linda Campbell, Neil Burgess, and David Depew. Darrell Knuteson, Karl Tarbet, Paul Davidson, Kyle Cavalier, and Jesus Hernandez provided particularly valuable assistance obtaining Bureau of Reclamation reservoir storage data, and Michael Stanfill and Kasi Rodgers assisted with the Army Corps of Engineers reservoir data. We would like to thank Patti Haggerty, Branden Johnson, Kiira Siitari, Madeline Turnquist, and Clifton Dassuncao for their assistance with data compilation and discussions. We also thank Robin Stewart, Martin Fitzpatrick, and three anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions on previous versions of this manuscript. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 37 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 739 EP 748 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.050 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300074 PM 27039275 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Eagles-Smith, CA Herzog, MP Hartman, CA Peterson, SH Evers, DC Jackson, AK Elliott, JE Vander Pol, SS Bryan, CE AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Herzog, Mark P. Hartman, C. Alex Peterson, Sarah H. Evers, David C. Jackson, Allyson K. Elliott, John E. Vander Pol, Stacy S. Bryan, Colleen E. TI Avian mercury exposure and toxicological risk across western North America: A synthesis SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Birds; Mercury; Eggs; Bioaccumulation; Toxicity Benchmarks ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; BREEDING COMMON LOONS; LIVING TREE SWALLOWS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SEABIRD FEATHERS; GAVIA-IMMER; BIRD EGGS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LAYING SEQUENCE; ZEBRA FINCHES AB Methylmercury contamination of the environment is an important issue globally, and birds are useful bioindicators for mercury monitoring programs. The available data on mercury contamination of birds in western North America were synthesized. Original data from multiple databases were obtained and a literature review was conducted to obtain additional mercury concentrations. In total, 29219 original bird mercury concentrations from 225 species were compiled, and an additional 1712 mean mercury concentrations, representing 19998 individuals and 176 species, from 200 publications were obtained. To make mercury data comparable across bird tissues, published equations of tissue mercury correlations were used to convert all mercury concentrations into blood-equivalent mercury concentrations. Blood-equivalent mercury concentrations differed among species, foraging guilds, habitat types, locations, and ecoregions. Piscivores and carnivores exhibited the greatest mercury concentrations, whereas herbivores and granivores exhibited the lowest mercury concentrations. Bird mercury concentrations were greatest in ocean and salt marsh habitats and lowest in terrestrial habitats. Bird mercury concentrations were above toxicity benchmarks in many areas throughout western North America, and multiple hotspots were identified. Additionally, published toxicity benchmarks established in multiple tissueswere summarized and translated into a common blood-equivalent mercury concentration. Overall, 66% of birds sampled in western North American exceeded a blood-equivalent mercury concentration of 0.2 mu g/g wet weight (ww; above background levels), which is the lowest-observed effect level, 28% exceeded 1.0 mu g/g ww (moderate risk), 8% exceeded 3.0 mu g/g ww (high risk), and 4% exceeded 4.0 mu g/gww (severe risk). Mercury monitoring programs should sample bird tissues, such as adult blood and eggs, that are most-easily translated into tissues with well-developed toxicity benchmarks and that are directly relevant to bird reproduction. Results indicate that mercury contamination of birds is prevalent in many areas throughout western North America, and large-scale ecological attributes are important factors influencing bird mercury concentrations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Herzog, Mark P.; Hartman, C. Alex; Peterson, Sarah H.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Evers, David C.] Biodivers Res Inst, 276 Canco Rd, Portland, ME 04103 USA. [Jackson, Allyson K.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Elliott, John E.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Pacific Wildlife Res Ctr, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. [Vander Pol, Stacy S.; Bryan, Colleen E.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov OI Peterson, Sarah/0000-0003-2773-3901 FU John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area and Contaminant Biology Program FX This work was conducted as a part of the Western North American Mercury Synthesis Working Group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the U.S. Geological Survey with additional support from the U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area and Contaminant Biology Program. We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Environmental Contaminants Data Management System (ECDMS) managed by staff at the Analytical Control Facility, and the hundreds of scientists which have contributed to the ECDMS and STAMP datasets. We thank Charles Henny of U.S. Geological Survey for access to osprey data. We also thank Sarah Lemelin, Laura Young, Michelle Boyles, and Branden Johnson for help with data compilation; Michelle Lutz and Michael Tate for GIS layers; and Julie Yee for statistical advice. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 127 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 24 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 749 EP 769 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.071 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300075 PM 27093907 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM Barber, LB Clark, JM Duris, JW Foreman, WT Furlong, ET Givens, CE Hubbard, LE Hutchinson, KJ Journey, CA Keefe, SH Kolpin, DW AF Bradley, Paul M. Barber, Larry B. Clark, Jimmy M. Duris, Joseph W. Foreman, William T. Furlong, Edward T. Givens, Carrie E. Hubbard, Laura E. Hutchinson, Kasey J. Journey, Celeste A. Keefe, Steffanie H. Kolpin, Dana W. TI Pre/post-closure assessment of groundwater pharmaceutical fate in a wastewater-facility-impacted stream reach SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Surface water; Pharmaceuticals; Wastewater contamination; Hydrologic transport; Wastewater treatment facility closure ID ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; BANK FILTRATION; RIVERBANK FILTRATION; ACIDIC PHARMACEUTICALS; ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE; TREATMENT PLANTS; SURFACE WATERS; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; TERM EXPOSURE AB Pharmaceutical contamination of contiguous groundwater is a substantial concern in wastewater-impacted streams, due to ubiquity in effluent, high aqueous mobility, designed bioactivity, and to effluent-driven hydraulic gradients. Wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) closures are rare environmental remediation events; offering unique insights into contaminant persistence, long-term wastewater impacts, and ecosystem recovery processes. The USGS conducted a combined pre/post-closure groundwater assessment adjacent to an effluent-impacted reach of Fourmile Creek, Ankeny, Iowa, USA. Higher surface-water concentrations, consistent surface-water to groundwater concentration gradients, and sustained groundwater detections tens of meters from the stream bank demonstrated the importance of WWTF effluent as the source of groundwater pharmaceuticals as well as the persistence of these contaminants under effluent-driven, pre-closure conditions. The number of analytes (110 total) detected in surface water decreased from 69 prior to closure down to 8 in the first post-closure sampling event approximately 30 d later, with a corresponding 2 order of magnitude decrease in the cumulative concentration of detected analytes. Post-closure cumulative concentrations of detected analytes were approximately 5 times higher in proximal groundwater than in surface water. About 40% of the 21 contaminants detected in a downstream groundwater transect immediately before WWTF closure exhibited rapid attenuation with estimated half-lives on the order of a few days; however, a comparable number exhibited no consistent attenuation during the year-long post-closure assessment. The results demonstrate the potential for effluent-impacted shallow groundwater systems to accumulate pharmaceutical contaminants and serve as long-term residual sources, further increasing the risk of adverse ecological effects in groundwater and the near-stream ecosystem. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bradley, Paul M.; Clark, Jimmy M.; Journey, Celeste A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Barber, Larry B.; Keefe, Steffanie H.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Duris, Joseph W.; Givens, Carrie E.] US Geol Survey, Lansing, MI USA. [Foreman, William T.; Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Hubbard, Laura E.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. [Hutchinson, Kasey J.] City Cedar Rapids, Publ Works Dept, Cedar Rapids, IA USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM pbradley@usgs.gov OI Journey, Celeste/0000-0002-2284-5851 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Environmental Health Mission Area, Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX The U.S. Geological Survey, Environmental Health Mission Area, Toxic Substances Hydrology Program supported this research. We thank Ken Plager and the staff of the Ankeny WWTF, for logistical support and access. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 18 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 916 EP 925 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.104 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300092 PM 27350092 ER PT J AU Seiler, R AF Seiler, Ralph TI Po-210 in drinking water, its potential health effects, and inadequacy of the gross alpha activity MCL SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-BOUND PO-210; GROUNDWATER; PB-210; RADIOACTIVITY; POLONIUM; RADIONUCLIDES; CONTAMINATION; POPULATION; SUPPLIES; EXPOSURE AB Polonium-210 (Po-210) is a naturally-occurring, carcinogenic member of the U-238 decay series and the granddaughter of Pb-210. It has a half life of 138.4 days and is rarely found in drinking water at levels exceeding 5 mBq/L because it strongly binds to aquifer sediment. When the current US Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) covering 210Po was promulgated in December 2000, very little was known about its occurrence and the processes responsible for mobilizing it. More is now known about the processes that mobilize Po-210 from sediments and a review of recent occurrence data show that it may not be as rare in the US as the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) thought in 2000. Worldwide, only about 2200 analyses for Po-210 in drinking water were identified, with activities exceeding 500 mBq/L being found only in Finland, India, Sweden, and the US. The median of 400 Po-210 analyses from the US is 4.75 mBq/L and >10% of the samples exceed 500 mBq/L. Current compliance-monitoring regulations in the US essentially guarantee that Po-210 contamination will not be detected except in very contaminated wells. Major problems with the US Gross Alpha Activity MCL include the volatility of 210Po and extended holding times and sample-compositing methods that can allow the majority of Po-210 in a sample bottle to decay before analysis. In light of new information, the radionuclide rule should be changed and direct measurements of Po-210 should be made in all public-water supply wells to rule out its presence. Much of the important biological and toxicological research on Po-210 is more than four decades old and new laboratory research using modern tools is needed. Biological and epidemiological investigations of known contaminated areas are needed to assess the effect Po-210 exposure is having on animals and humans consuming the water. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Seiler, Ralph] US Geol Survey, POB 1025, Carson City, NV 89702 USA. RP Seiler, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 1025, Carson City, NV 89702 USA. EM rlseiler@juno.com NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2016 VL 568 BP 1010 EP 1017 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.044 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU5NK UT WOS:000382258300101 PM 27369089 ER EF