FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Frankel, TE Meyer, MT Orlando, EF AF Frankel, Tyler E. Meyer, Michael T. Orlando, Edward F. TI Aqueous exposure to the progestin, levonorgestrel, alters anal fin development and reproductive behavior in the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Biennial Meeting of the North-American-Society-for-Comparative-Endocrinology (NASCE) CY JUN 21-25, 2015 CL Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, CANADA SP N Amer Soc Comparat Endocrinol, Univ Ottawa, Off Vice President Res, Univ Ottawa, Fac Sci, Univ Ottawa, Fac Social Sci, Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Univ Ottawa, Sch Psychol HO Univ Ottawa DE Masculinization; Birth control pill; Environmental gestagen; Environmental androgen; Phallus development; Intersex ID KRAFT MILL EFFLUENT; FEMALE MOSQUITOFISH; STEROID-HORMONES; SEXUAL SELECTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; PAPER-MILL; INDUCED MASCULINIZATION; SYNTHETIC PROGESTINS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY AB Endogenous progestogens are important regulators of vertebrate reproduction. Synthetic progestins are components of human contraceptive and hormone replacement pharmaceuticals. Both progestogens and progestins enter the environment through a number of sources, and have been shown to cause profound effects on reproductive health in various aquatic vertebrates. Progestins are designed to bind human progesterone receptors, but they also have been shown to strongly activate androgen receptors in fish. Levonorgestrel (LNG) activates fish androgen receptors and induces development of male secondary sex characteristics in females of other species. Although behavior has been postulated to be a sensitive early indicator of exposure to certain environmental contaminants, no such research on the reproductive behavior of gestagen-exposed fish has been conducted to date. The goal of our study was to examine the exposure effects of a human contraceptive progestin, LNG, on the reproductive development and behavior of the viviparous eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). Internal fertilization is a requisite characteristic of viviparous species, and is enabled by an androgen driven elongation of the anal fin into the male gonopodium (i.e., phallus). In this study, we exposed adult mosquitofish to ethanol (EtOH control), 10 ng/L, and 100 ng/L LNG for 8 d using a static replacement exposure design. After 8 d, a subset of males and females from each treatment were examined for differences in the 4:6 anal fin ratio. In addition, paired social interaction trials were performed using individual control males and control females or females treated 10 ng/L or 100 ng/L LNG. Female mosquitofish exposed to LNG were masculinized as evidenced by the elongation of the anal fin rays, a feature normal to males and abnormal to females. LNG caused significant increases in the 4:6 anal fin ratios of female mosquitofish in both the 10 ng/L and 100 ng/L treatments, although these differences were not significant between the two treatments. LNG caused significant increases in the 4:6 anal fin ratio of males exposed to 100 ng/L, with no effects observed in the 10 ng/L treatment. In addition, the reproductive behavior of control males paired with female mosquitofish exposed to 100 ng/L LNG was also altered, for these males spent more time exhibiting no reproductive behavior, had decreased attending behavior, and a lower number of gonopodial thrusts compared to control males paired to control female mosquitofish. Given the rapid effects on both anal fin morphology and behavior observed in this study, the mosquitofish is an excellent sentinel species for the detection of exposure to LNG and likely other 19-nortestosterone derived contraceptive progestins in the environment. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Frankel, Tyler E.; Orlando, Edward F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Frankel, TE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM frankelt@umd.edu; mmeyer@usgs.gov OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 16 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 234 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.01.007 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA DU3FL UT WOS:000382096100020 PM 26795917 ER PT J AU Afonso, CL Amarasinghe, GK Banyai, K Bao, YM Basler, CF Bavari, S Bejerman, N Blasdell, KR Briand, FX Briese, T Bukreyev, A Calisher, CH Chandran, K Cheng, JS Clawson, AN Collins, PL Dietzgen, RG Dolnik, O Domier, LL Durrwald, R Dye, JM Easton, AJ Ebihara, H Farkas, SL Freitas-Astua, J Formenty, P Fouchier, RAM Fu, YP Ghedin, E Goodin, MM Hewson, R Horie, M Hyndman, TH Jiang, DH Kitajima, EW Kobinger, GP Kondo, H Kurath, G Lamb, RA Lenardon, S Leroy, EM Li, CX Lin, XD Liu, LJ Longdon, B Marton, S Maisner, A Muhlberger, E Netesov, SV Nowotny, N Patterson, JL Payne, SL Paweska, JT Randall, RE Rima, BK Rota, P Rubbenstroth, D Schwemmle, M Shi, M Smither, SJ Stenglein, MD Stone, DM Takada, A Terregino, C Tesh, RB Tian, JH Tomonaga, K Tordo, N Towner, JS Vasilakis, N Verbeek, M Volchkov, VE Wahl-Jensen, V Walsh, JA Walker, PJ Wang, D Wang, LF Wetzel, T Whitfield, AE Xie, JT Yuen, KY Zhang, YZ Kuhn, JH AF Afonso, Claudio L. Amarasinghe, Gaya K. Banyai, Krisztian Bao, Yiming Basler, Christopher F. Bavari, Sina Bejerman, Nicolas Blasdell, Kim R. Briand, Francois-Xavier Briese, Thomas Bukreyev, Alexander Calisher, Charles H. Chandran, Kartik Cheng, Jiasen Clawson, Anna N. Collins, Peter L. Dietzgen, Ralf G. Dolnik, Olga Domier, Leslie L. Duerrwald, Ralf Dye, John M. Easton, Andrew J. Ebihara, Hideki Farkas, Szilvia L. Freitas-Astua, Juliana Formenty, Pierre Fouchier, Ron A. M. Fu, Yanping Ghedin, Elodie Goodin, Michael M. Hewson, Roger Horie, Masayuki Hyndman, Timothy H. Jiang, Daohong Kitajima, Elliot W. Kobinger, Gary P. Kondo, Hideki Kurath, Gael Lamb, Robert A. Lenardon, Sergio Leroy, Eric M. Li, Ci-Xiu Lin, Xian-Dan Liu, Lijiang Longdon, Ben Marton, Szilvia Maisner, Andrea Muhlberger, Elke Netesov, Sergey V. Nowotny, Norbert Patterson, Jean L. Payne, Susan L. Paweska, Janusz T. Randall, Rick E. Rima, Bertus K. Rota, Paul Rubbenstroth, Dennis Schwemmle, Martin Shi, Mang Smither, Sophie J. Stenglein, Mark D. Stone, David M. Takada, Ayato Terregino, Calogero Tesh, Robert B. Tian, Jun-Hua Tomonaga, Keizo Tordo, Noel Towner, Jonathan S. Vasilakis, Nikos Verbeek, Martin Volchkov, Viktor E. Wahl-Jensen, Victoria Walsh, John A. Walker, Peter J. Wang, David Wang, Lin-Fa Wetzel, Thierry Whitfield, Anna E. Xie, Jiatao Yuen, Kwok-Yung Zhang, Yong-Zhen Kuhn, Jens H. TI Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2016 SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; PARROT BORNAVIRUS 5; AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS; INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE; FELINE MORBILLIVIRUS; RATIFICATION VOTE; DOMESTIC CATS; VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; PROPOSALS AB In 2016, the order Mononegavirales was emended through the addition of two new families (Mymonaviridae and Sunviridae), the elevation of the paramyxoviral subfamily Pneumovirinae to family status (Pneumoviridae), the addition of five free-floating genera (Anphevirus, Arlivirus, Chengtivirus, Crustavirus, and Wastrivirus), and several other changes at the genus and species levels. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). C1 [Afonso, Claudio L.] ARS, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Amarasinghe, Gaya K.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Immunol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Banyai, Krisztian; Farkas, Szilvia L.; Marton, Szilvia] Hungarian Acad Sci, Vet Med Res Inst, Agr Res Ctr, Budapest, Hungary. [Bao, Yiming] NIH, Informat Engn Branch, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Basler, Christopher F.] Georgia State Univ, Ctr Microbial Pathogenesis, Inst Biomed Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Bavari, Sina; Dye, John M.] United States Army Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. [Bejerman, Nicolas; Lenardon, Sergio] Inst Nacl Tecnol Agr, Inst Patol Vegetal, Ctr Invest Agr, Cordoba, Argentina. [Bejerman, Nicolas] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Blasdell, Kim R.; Walker, Peter J.] CSIRO Hlth & Biosecur, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic, Australia. [Briand, Francois-Xavier] French Agcy Food Environm & Occupat Hlth & Safety, Avian & Rabbit Virol Immunol & Parasitol Unit, Ploufragan, France. [Briese, Thomas] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Bukreyev, Alexander; Tesh, Robert B.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston Natl Lab, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Bukreyev, Alexander; Tesh, Robert B.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Galveston Natl Lab, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Calisher, Charles H.] Colorado State Univ, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chandran, Kartik] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Cheng, Jiasen; Fu, Yanping; Jiang, Daohong; Liu, Lijiang; Xie, Jiatao] Huazhong Agr Univ, State Key Lab Agr Microbiol, Prov Key Lab Plant Pathol Hubei Prov, Coll Plant Sci & Technol, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Clawson, Anna N.; Kuhn, Jens H.] NIAID, Integrated Res Facil Ft Detrick IRF Frederick, Div Clin Res, NIH, B-8200 Res Plaza, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Collins, Peter L.] NIAID, Resp Viruses Sect, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 21702 USA. [Dietzgen, Ralf G.] Univ Queensland, Queensland Alliance Agr & Food Innovat, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Dolnik, Olga; Maisner, Andrea] Univ Marburg, Inst Virol, Marburg, Germany. [Domier, Leslie L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Duerrwald, Ralf] IDT Biol, Dessau Rosslau, Germany. [Easton, Andrew J.; Walsh, John A.] Univ Warwick, Sch Life Sci, Coventry, W Midlands, England. [Ebihara, Hideki] NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, Integrated Res Facil, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. [Freitas-Astua, Juliana] Embrapa Cassava & Fruits, Cruz Das Almas, BA, Brazil. [Formenty, Pierre] WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. [Fouchier, Ron A. M.] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Virosci, Postgrad Sch Mol Med, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Ghedin, Elodie] NYU, Dept Biol, Ctr Genom & Syst Biol, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Goodin, Michael M.] Univ Kentucky, Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Hewson, Roger] Publ Hlth England, Salisbury, Wilts, England. [Horie, Masayuki] Kagoshima Univ, Joint Fac Vet Med, Transboundary Anim Dis Res Ctr, Kagoshima, Japan. [Hyndman, Timothy H.] Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Life Sci, Murdoch, WA, Australia. [Kitajima, Elliot W.] Univ Sao Paulo, Nucleo Apoio Pesquisa Microscopia Eletr Aplicada, Escola Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Kobinger, Gary P.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Special Pathogens Program, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Kondo, Hideki] Okayama Univ, Inst Plant Sci & Resources, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan. [Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lamb, Robert A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mol Biosci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Lamb, Robert A.] Northwestern Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Leroy, Eric M.] Ctr Int Rech Med Franceville, Inst Rech Dev, Franceville, Gabon. [Shi, Mang; Zhang, Yong-Zhen] Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, State Key Lab Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Natl Inst Communicable Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Ci-Xiu] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Diag & Treatment Infect Di, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Lin, Xian-Dan] Wenzhou Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Wenzhou, Peoples R China. [Longdon, Ben] Univ Cambridge, Dept Genet, Cambridge, England. [Muhlberger, Elke] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Muhlberger, Elke] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Natl Emerging Infect Dis Lab, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Netesov, Sergey V.] Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Obl, Russia. [Nowotny, Norbert] Univ Vet Med, Inst Virol, Vienna, Austria. [Nowotny, Norbert] Mohammed Bin Rashid Univ Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Basic Med Sci, Coll Med, Dubai, U Arab Emirates. [Patterson, Jean L.] Texas Biomed Res Inst, Dept Virol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA. [Payne, Susan L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Paweska, Janusz T.] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Dis, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Sandringham Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. [Randall, Rick E.] Univ St Andrews, Biomed Sci Res Complex, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. [Rima, Bertus K.] Queens Univ Belfast, Ctr Med Expt, Sch Med Dent & Biomed Sci, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Rota, Paul] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rubbenstroth, Dennis; Schwemmle, Martin] Univ Freiburg, Inst Virol, Fac Med, Med Ctr, Freiburg, Germany. [Smither, Sophie J.] CBR Div, Dstl, Salisbury, Wilts, England. [Stenglein, Mark D.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stone, David M.] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth, Dorset, England. [Takada, Ayato] Hokkaido Univ, Res Ctr Zoonosis Control, Div Global Epidemiol, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Terregino, Calogero] OIE Collaborating Ctr Dis Human Anim Interface, Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Venezie,FAO Referen, Dept Comparat Biomed Sci, Natl OIE Reference Lab Newcastle Dis & Avian Infl, Padua, Italy. [Tian, Jun-Hua] Wuhan Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Tomonaga, Keizo] Kyoto Univ, Inst Virus Res, Kyoto, Japan. [Tordo, Noel] Inst Pasteur, Unite Strategies Antivirales, Paris, France. [Tordo, Noel] Inst Pasteur Guinee, Conakry, Guinea. [Towner, Jonathan S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Div High Consequence Pathogens Pathol, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Vasilakis, Nikos] Univ Texas Med Branch, Ctr Biodefense & Emerging Infect Dis, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Vasilakis, Nikos] Univ Texas Med Branch, Ctr Trop Dis, Inst Human Infect & Immun, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Verbeek, Martin] Wageningen Univ & Res, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Volchkov, Viktor E.] Univ Lyon 1, Mol Basis Viral Pathogen, CIRI, INSERM,U1111,CNRS,UMR5308,Ecole Normal Super Lyon, Lyon, France. [Wahl-Jensen, Victoria] Natl Biodef Anal & Countermeasures Ctr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Wang, David] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Wang, David] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Immunol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Wang, Lin-Fa] Biosecur Queensland, Dept Agr & Fisheries, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Wang, Lin-Fa] Duke NUS Grad Med Sch, Program Emerging Infect Dis, Singapore, Singapore. [Wetzel, Thierry] DLR Rheinpfalz, Inst Plant Protect, Neustadt, Germany. [Whitfield, Anna E.] Kansas State Univ, Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Yuen, Kwok-Yung] Univ Hong Kong, State Key Lab Emerging Infect Dis, Dept Microbiol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Kuhn, JH (reprint author), NIAID, Integrated Res Facil Ft Detrick IRF Frederick, Div Clin Res, NIH, B-8200 Res Plaza, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov RI Netesov, Sergey/A-3751-2013; Fouchier, Ron/A-1911-2014; Verbeek, Martin/D-1445-2017; Stenglein, Mark/E-3541-2017; LEROY, Eric/I-4347-2016; OI Netesov, Sergey/0000-0002-7786-2464; Fouchier, Ron/0000-0001-8095-2869; Verbeek, Martin/0000-0002-8973-3803; Stenglein, Mark/0000-0002-0993-813X; LEROY, Eric/0000-0003-0022-0890; Freitas-Astua, Juliana/0000-0002-0506-6880; Blasdell, Kim/0000-0003-2121-0376; Banyai, Krisztian/0000-0002-6270-1772 FU Battelle Memorial Institute; US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [HHSN272200700016I]; DHS ST [HSHQDC-07-C-00020]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04]; NIH, National Library of Medicine FX This work was supported in part through Battelle Memorial Institute's prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272200700016I. A subcontractor to Battelle Memorial Institute who performed this work is: J. H. K., an employee of Tunnell Government Services, Inc. This work was also funded in part under Contract No. HSHQDC-07-C-00020 awarded by DHS S&T for the management and operation of the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), a Federally Funded Research and Development Center (V. W.-J.); and National Institutes of Health (NIH) contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 (N. V., R. B. T.). Y. B. was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Library of Medicine. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 7 U2 9 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 EI 1432-8798 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 161 IS 8 BP 2351 EP 2360 DI 10.1007/s00705-016-2880-1 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA DR8FZ UT WOS:000380135100037 PM 27216929 ER PT J AU Cross, PC Almberg, ES Haase, CG Hudson, PJ Maloney, SK Metz, MC Munn, AJ Nugent, P Putzeys, O Stahler, DR Stewart, AC Smith, DW AF Cross, P. C. Almberg, E. S. Haase, C. G. Hudson, P. J. Maloney, S. K. Metz, M. C. Munn, A. J. Nugent, P. Putzeys, O. Stahler, D. R. Stewart, A. C. Smith, D. W. TI Energetic costs of mange in wolves estimated from infrared thermography SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE energy; metabolic costs; parasitism; trophic dynamics ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; SARCOPTIC MANGE; TOP-DOWN; DISEASE; MAMMALS; PREDATORS; ENDOTHERMY; EVOLUTION AB Parasites, by definition, extract energy from their hosts and thus affect trophic and food web dynamics even when the parasite may have limited effects on host population size. We studied the energetic costs of mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) in wolves (Canis lupus) using thermal cameras to estimate heat losses associated with compromised insulation during the winter. We combined the field data of known, naturally infected wolves with a data set on captive wolves with shaved patches of fur as a positive control to simulate mange-induced hair loss. We predict that during the winter in Montana, more severe mange infection increases heat loss by around 5.2-12 MJ per night (1,240-2,850 kcal, or a 65-78% increase) for small and large wolves, respectively, accounting for wind effects. To maintain body temperature would require a significant proportion of a healthy wolf's total daily energy demands (18-22 MJ/day). We also predict how these thermal costs may increase in colder climates by comparing our predictions in Bozeman, Montana to those from a place with lower ambient temperatures (Fairbanks, Alaska). Contrary to our expectations, the 14 degrees C differential between these regions was not as important as the potential differences in wind speed. These large increases in energetic demands can be mitigated by either increasing consumption rates or decreasing other energy demands. Data from GPS-collared wolves indicated that healthy wolves move, on average, 17 km per day, which was reduced by 1.5, 1.8, and 6.5 km for light, medium, and severe hair loss. In addition, the wolf with the most hair loss was less active at night and more active during the day, which is the converse of the movement patterns of healthy wolves. At the individual level, mange infections create significant energy demands and altered behavioral patterns, this may have cascading effects on prey consumption rates, food web dynamics, predator-prey interactions, and scavenger communities. C1 [Cross, P. C.; Almberg, E. S.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Almberg, E. S.; Hudson, P. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Haase, C. G.] Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Maloney, S. K.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anat Physiol & Human Biol, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. [Metz, M. C.; Stahler, D. R.; Smith, D. W.] Yellowstone Wolf Project, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY USA. [Munn, A. J.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Biol Sci, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Nugent, P.] NWB Sensors Inc, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Putzeys, O.] Montana State Univ, Chem & Biol Engn Dept, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Stewart, A. C.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA. RP Cross, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM pcross@usgs.gov RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey through Park Oriented Biological Support Program; National Science Foundation [DEB-0613730, DEB-1245373] FX We thank P. Cryan, H. Wittmer, and T. Williams for their comments on earlier versions of this paper. C Anton, N Bowersock, MR Ebinger, B Raymond, E Stahler, K Cassidy, B Cassidy all assisted with field data collection. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was supported in part by National Park Service and U.S. Geological Survey through the Park Oriented Biological Support Program, the National Science Foundation grants DEB-0613730, and DEB-1245373, and many donors through the Yellowstone Park Foundation. We also thank significant donors to the Yellowstone Wolf Project: an anonymous donor, Annie and Bob Graham and Frank and Kay Yeager. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 26 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2016 VL 97 IS 8 BP 1938 EP 1948 DI 10.1890/15-1346.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DS4KI UT WOS:000380749600006 PM 27859195 ER PT J AU Kreiling, RM Houser, JN AF Kreiling, Rebecca M. Houser, Jeffrey N. TI Long-term decreases in phosphorus and suspended solids, but not nitrogen, in six upper Mississippi River tributaries, 1991-2014 SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Upper Mississippi River; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Total suspended solids ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WATER-QUALITY; NITRATE-NITROGEN; ILLINOIS RIVER; SOIL LOSS; TRENDS; BASIN; SEDIMENT; EXPORT; DELIVERY AB Long-term trends in tributaries provide valuable information about temporal changes in inputs of nutrients and sediments to large rivers. Data collected from 1991 to 2014 were used to investigate trends in total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), nitrate (NO3-N), soluble-reactive P (SRP), and total suspended solids (TSS) in the following six tributaries of the upper Mississippi River: Cannon (CaR; Minnesota (MN)), Maquoketa (MR; Iowa (IA)), Wapsipinicon (WR; IA), Cuivre (CuR; Missouri (MO)), Chippewa (ChR; Wisconsin (WI)), and Black (BR; WI) rivers. Weighted regression on time discharge and season was used to statistically remove effects of random variation in discharge from estimated trends in flow-normalized concentrations and flux. Concentration and flux of TSS declined in all six rivers. Concentration of P declined in four of the rivers, and P flux declined in five rivers. Concentration and flux of N exhibited small changes relative to TP. TN concentration and flux did not change substantially in four of the rivers and decreased in two (ChR, CuR). Nitrate concentration and flux increased in three rivers (ChR, BR, CaR) and remained relatively constant in the other three rivers. General declines in P and TSS suggest that improvements in agricultural land management, such as the adoption of conservation tillage and enrollment of vulnerable acreage into the Conservation Reserve Program, may have reduced surface runoff; similar reductions in N were not observed. C1 [Kreiling, Rebecca M.; Houser, Jeffrey N.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Kreiling, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM rkreiling@usgs.gov FU LTRM element of the UMRR Program FX Data presented here were collected as part of the LTRM element of the UMRR Program which also supported the authors' work on this manuscript. We thank the staff of the Minnesota DNR Lake City Field Station, the Wisconsin DNR La Crosse Field Station, the IA DNR Bellevue Field Station, and the Illinois Natural History Survey field station located at the National Great Rivers Research and Education Center for their extraordinary efforts in sample and data collection. JC Nelson provided graphical and GIS assistance, and other staff at the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center processed samples and provided data management support. Lori Sprague generously provided initial guidance regarding the use of WRTDS and a review of an early draft manuscript. This manuscript was also improved by reviews from John Barko, Barry Johnson, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsements by the US Government. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 188 IS 8 AR 454 DI 10.1007/s10661-016-5464-3 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DT0AH UT WOS:000381144300011 PM 27393194 ER PT J AU Enwright, NM Griffith, KT Osland, MJ AF Enwright, Nicholas M. Griffith, Kereen T. Osland, Michael J. TI Barriers to and opportunities for landward migration of coastal wetlands with sea-level rise SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; MANGROVE FORESTS; SALT MARSHES; FRESH-WATER; FLORIDA; VULNERABILITY; ADAPTATION; ELEVATIONS; HURRICANES; SHORELINE AB In the 21st century, accelerated sea-level rise and continued coastal development are expected to greatly alter coastal landscapes across the globe. Historically, many coastal ecosystems have responded to sea-level fluctuations via horizontal and vertical movement on the landscape. However, anthropogenic activities, including urbanization and the construction of flood-prevention infrastructure, can produce barriers that impede ecosystem migration. Here we show where tidal saline wetlands have the potential to migrate landward along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast, one of the most sea-level rise sensitive and wetland-rich regions of the world. Our findings can be used to identify migration corridors and develop sea-level rise adaptation strategies to help ensure the continued availability of wetland-associated ecosystem goods and services. C1 [Enwright, Nicholas M.; Osland, Michael J.] USGS, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Griffith, Kereen T.] USGS, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Griffith Consulting, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Enwright, NM (reprint author), USGS, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM enwrightn@usgs.gov OI Enwright, Nicholas/0000-0002-7887-3261; Osland, Michael/0000-0001-9902-8692 FU USFWS; USGS's Ecosystem Mission Area FX This study was funded by the USFWS and the USGS's Ecosystem Mission Area, and was conducted in consultation with the Gulf Coast Prairie, Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks, South Atlantic, and Peninsular Florida Landscape Conservation Cooperatives. We thank JM Tirpak and the Technical Advisory Team established for this project for their participation and input, and RH Day for comments on an early version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 44 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 14 IS 6 BP 307 EP 316 DI 10.1002/fee.1282 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DS4KD UT WOS:000380749100013 ER PT J AU Twidwell, D Allen, CR Detweiler, C Higgins, J Laney, C Elbaum, S AF Twidwell, Dirac Allen, Craig R. Detweiler, Carrick Higgins, James Laney, Christian Elbaum, Sebastian TI Smokey comes of age: unmanned aerial systems for fire management SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; WILDFIRES; LAW; GRASSLANDS; SHRUBLANDS; VEGETATION; SEVERITY; BARRIERS AB During the past century, fire management has focused on techniques both to protect human communities from catastrophic wildfire and to maintain fire-dependent ecological systems. However, despite a large and increasing allocation of resources and personnel to achieve these goals, fire management objectives at regional to global scales are not being met. Current fire management techniques are clearly inadequate for the challenges faced by fire managers, and technological innovations are needed. Advances in unmanned aerial systems (UAS) technology provide opportunities for innovation in fire management and science. In many countries, fire management organizations are beginning to explore the potential of UAS for monitoring fires. We have taken the next step and developed a prototype that can precisely ignite fires as part of wildfire suppression tactics or prescribed fires (fire intentionally ignited within predetermined conditions to reduce hazardous fuels, improve habitat, or mitigate for large wildfires). We discuss the potential for these technologies to benefit fire management activities, while acknowledging the sizeable sociopolitical barriers that prevent their immediate broad application. C1 [Twidwell, Dirac] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Allen, Craig R.] UNL, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. [Detweiler, Carrick; Higgins, James; Laney, Christian; Elbaum, Sebastian] UNL, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Twidwell, D (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM dirac.twidwell@unl.edu FU US Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; UNL; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; US Department of Agriculture [2013-67021-20947]; Office of Research and Economic Development-UNL (ORED-UNL) FX An earlier version of this manuscript was improved by comments from K Pope and S Sundstrom. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the US Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the UNL, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the authors or the US Government. The work was funded in part by US Department of Agriculture grant #2013-67021-20947 and a development grant from Office of Research and Economic Development-UNL (ORED-UNL). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of these agencies. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 14 IS 6 BP 333 EP 339 DI 10.1002/fee.1299 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DS4KD UT WOS:000380749100016 ER PT J AU Shelton, JL McIntosh, JC Hunt, AG Beebe, TL Parker, AD Warwick, PD Drake, RM McCray, JE AF Shelton, Jenna L. McIntosh, Jennifer C. Hunt, Andrew G. Beebe, Thomas L. Parker, Andrew D. Warwick, Peter D. Drake, Ronald M., II McCray, John E. TI Determining CO2 storage potential during miscible CO2 enhanced oil recovery: Noble gas and stable isotope tracers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE CO2 flooding; Incidental CO2 storage; Geochemical tracers ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; PERMIAN BASIN; SEDIMENTARY BASIN; FORMATION WATER; WEST TEXAS; RESERVOIRS; MANTLE; FRACTIONATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; SOLUBILITY AB Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are fueling anthropogenic climate change. Geologic sequestration of anthropogenic CO2 in depleted oil reservoirs is one option for reducing CO2 emissions to the atmosphere while enhancing oil recovery. In order to evaluate the feasibility of using enhanced oil recovery (EOR) sites in the United States for permanent CO2 storage, an active multi-stage miscible CO2 flooding project in the Permian Basin (North Ward Estes Field, near Wickett, Texas) was investigated. In addition, two major natural CO2 reservoirs in the southeastern Paradox Basin (McElmo Dome and Doe Canyon) were also investigated as they provide CO2 for EOR operations in the Permian Basin. Produced gas and water were collected from three different CO2 flooding phases (with different start dates) within the North Ward Estes Field to evaluate possible CO2 storage mechanisms and amounts of total CO2 retention. McElmo Dome and Doe Canyon were sampled for produced gas to determine the noble gas and stable isotope signature of the original injected EOR gas and to confirm the source of this naturally-occurring CO2. As expected, the natural CO2 produced from McElmo Dome and Doe Canyon is a mix of mantle and crustal sources. When comparing CO2 injection and production rates for the CO2 floods in the North Ward Estes Field, it appears that CO2 retention in the reservoir decreased over the course of the three injections, retaining 39%, 49% and 61% of the injected CO2 for the 2008, 2010, and 2013 projects, respectively, characteristic of maturing CO2 miscible flood projects. Noble gas isotopic composition of the injected and produced gas for the flood projects suggest no active fractionation, while delta C-13 CO2 values suggest no active CO2 dissolution into formation water, or mineralization. CO2 volumes capable of dissolving in residual formation fluids were also estimated along with the potential to store pure-phase supercritical CO2. Using a combination of dissolution trapping and residual trapping, both volumes of CO2 currently retained in the 2008 and 2013 projects could be justified, suggesting no major leakage is occurring. These subsurface reservoirs, jointly considered, have the capacity to store up to 9 years of CO2 emissions from an average US powerplant. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA license. C1 [Shelton, Jenna L.; McIntosh, Jennifer C.; Warwick, Peter D.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Shelton, Jenna L.; McCray, John E.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80403 USA. [McIntosh, Jennifer C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hunt, Andrew G.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Beebe, Thomas L.; Parker, Andrew D.] Whiting Petr Corp, Midland, TX 79701 USA. [Drake, Ronald M., II] US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Shelton, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jlshelton@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Carbon Sequestration-Geologic Research; Poate Graduate Fellowship; Sussman Foundation; Geological Society of America FX The U.S. Geological Survey's Carbon Sequestration-Geologic Research and Assessments Project provided the majority of the funding for this study. The American Association of Petroleum Geologist's Grants-in-Aid Program, the Poate Graduate Fellowship, the Sussman Foundation, and the Geological Society of America also supported this research. We thank both Kinder Morgan LLC (especially C. Bryant, L. Hill, and D. McMurrey) and Whiting Petroleum (especially, D. Entzminger) for allowing access to field sites and for their helpfulness and cooperation throughout the investigation, as well as R. Olea and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful insight to the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 EI 1878-0148 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 BP 239 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2016.05.008 PG 15 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DT8GE UT WOS:000381727000022 ER PT J AU Strona, G Lafferty, KD AF Strona, Giovanni Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Environmental change makes robust ecological networks fragile SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FOOD WEBS; PARASITE DIVERSITY; GLOBAL CHANGE; EXTINCTION; COEXTINCTION; TREMATODES; PATTERNS; HOSTS AB Complex ecological networks appear robust to primary extinctions, possibly due to consumers' tendency to specialize on dependable (available and persistent) resources. However, modifications to the conditions under which the network has evolved might alter resource dependability. Here, we ask whether adaptation to historical conditions can increase community robustness, and whether such robustness can protect communities from collapse when conditions change. Using artificial life simulations, we first evolved digital consumer-resource networks that we subsequently subjected to rapid environmental change. We then investigated how empirical host-parasite networks would respond to historical, random and expected extinction sequences. In both the cases, networks were far more robust to historical conditions than new ones, suggesting that new environmental challenges, as expected under global change, might collapse otherwise robust natural ecosystems. C1 [Strona, Giovanni] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Via E Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Strona, G (reprint author), European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Via E Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. EM goblinshrimp@gmail.com NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 7 AR 12462 DI 10.1038/ncomms12462 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DT5MO UT WOS:000381527500001 PM 27511722 ER PT J AU Sah, P Nussear, KE Esque, TC Aiello, CM Hudson, PJ Bansal, S AF Sah, Pratha Nussear, Kenneth E. Esque, Todd C. Aiello, Christina M. Hudson, Peter J. Bansal, Shweta TI Inferring social structure and its drivers from refuge use in the desert tortoise, a relatively solitary species SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Behavioral stress response; Bipartite networks; Gopherus agassizii; Generalized linear mixed models; Modularity; Mycoplasma agassizii ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT DISEASE; JUVENILE GOPHER TORTOISES; LIZARD TILIQUA-RUGOSA; MOJAVE DESERT; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; CLIMATIC VARIATION; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; 2 POPULATIONS; HOME-RANGE; AGASSIZII AB For several species, refuges (such as burrows, dens, roosts, nests) are an essential resource for protection from predators and extreme environmental conditions. Refuges also serve as focal sites for social interactions, including mating, courtship, and aggression. Knowledge of refuge use patterns can therefore provide information about social structure, mating, and foraging success, as well as the robustness and health of wildlife populations, especially for species considered to be relatively solitary. In this study, we construct networks of burrow use to infer social associations in a threatened wildlife species typically considered solitary-the desert tortoise. We show that tortoise social networks are significantly different than null networks of random associations, and have moderate spatial constraints. We next use statistical models to identify major mechanisms behind individual-level variation in tortoise burrow use, popularity of burrows in desert tortoise habitat, and test for stressor-driven changes in refuge use patterns. We show that seasonal variation has a strong impact on tortoise burrow switching behavior. On the other hand, burrow age and topographical condition influence the number of tortoises visiting a burrow in desert tortoise habitat. Of three major population stressors affecting this species (translocation, drought, disease), translocation alters tortoise burrow switching behavior, with translocated animals visiting fewer unique burrows than residents. In a species that is not social, our study highlights the importance of leveraging refuge use behavior to study the presence of and mechanisms behind non-random social structure and individual-level variation. Our analysis of the impact of stressors on refuge-based social structure further emphasizes the potential of this method to detect environmental or anthropogenic disturbances. Adaptive and social behavior that affects fitness is now being increasingly incorporated in the conservation and management of wildlife species. However, direct observations of social interactions in species considered to be solitary are difficult, and therefore integration of behavior in conservation and management decisions in such species has been infrequent. For such species, we propose quantifying refuge use behavior as it can provide insights towards their (hidden) social structure, establish relevant contact patterns of infectious disease spread, and provide early warning signals of population stressors. Our study highlights this approach in a long-lived and threatened species, the desert tortoise. We provide evidence toward the presence of and identify mechanisms behind the social structure in desert tortoises formed by their burrow use preferences. We also show how individuals burrow use behavior responds to the presence of population stressors. C1 [Sah, Pratha; Bansal, Shweta] Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Nussear, Kenneth E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Esque, Todd C.; Aiello, Christina M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV USA. [Aiello, Christina M.; Hudson, Peter J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bansal, Shweta] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Bansal, S (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA.; Bansal, S (reprint author), NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM shweta.bansal@georgetown.edu OI Sah, Pratha/0000-0001-8936-5871; Bansal, Shweta/0000-0002-1740-5421; Aiello, Christina/0000-0002-2399-5464 FU National Science Foundation [1216054]; Department of Defense, Ft. Irwin National Training Center; Ecosystems Mission Area of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation Ecology of Infections Diseases grant 1216054 Invasion and Infection: Translocation and Transmission: An Experimental Study with Mycoplasma in Desert Tortoises. This work was also partially funded by a grant from the Department of Defense, Ft. Irwin National Training Center, and by the Ecosystems Mission Area of the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 29 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 EI 1432-0762 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1277 EP 1289 DI 10.1007/s00265-016-2136-9 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DS0DQ UT WOS:000380266000015 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, PI Emsbo, P Desrochers, A Bancroft, A Brett, CE Riva, JF Premo, W Neymark, L Achab, A Asselin, E Emmons, MM AF McLaughlin, Patrick I. Emsbo, Poul Desrochers, Andre Bancroft, Alyssa Brett, Carlton E. Riva, John F. Premo, Wayne Neymark, Leonid Achab, Aicha Asselin, Esther Emmons, M. Matthew TI Refining 2 km of Ordovician chronostratigraphy beneath Anticosti Island utilizing integrated chemostratigraphy SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN-NEW-YORK; CARBON-ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY; MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN; SILURIAN BOUNDARY; VAUREAL FORMATION; CHITINOZOAN BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; NORMANSKILL FORMATION; STRUCTURAL POSITION; QUEBEC; CANADA AB New high-resolution chemostratigraphy, in combination with updated biostratigraphy, refines the chronostratigraphic resolution of the nearly 2 km thick Ordovician section below Anticosti Island. A total of 1414 horizons, spaced at 1.0-1.5 m intervals, were sampled from the New Associated Consolidated Paper (NACP) drill core and analyzed for major and trace elemental composition by portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer (pXRF). Select micrite and calcareous shale powders were then analyzed for delta C-13(carb) (number of samples, N = 364) and Sr-87/Sr-86 (N = 25). Our results indicate a Floian to early Darriwilian (F3-Dw1) age for the Romaine Formation, a middle Darriwilian to Sandbian (Dw2-Sa1) age for the Mingan Formation, a lower to mid-Katian (Ka1-Ka2) age for the Macasty Formation, an upper Katian (Ka3) age for the lower Vaureal Formation, an uppermost Katian (Ka4) age for the upper Vaureal, and a Hirnantian (H1) age for the Ellis Bay Formation. This integrated chemostratigraphic and biostratigraphic synthesis establishes the position of numerous unconformities, the duration of the intervening depositional sequences, and rates of sedimentation. C1 [McLaughlin, Patrick I.] Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Emsbo, Poul; Premo, Wayne; Neymark, Leonid; Emmons, M. Matthew] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Desrochers, Andre] Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Bancroft, Alyssa] Univ Iowa, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Iowa City, IA USA. [Brett, Carlton E.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Riva, John F.; Achab, Aicha] INRS, Ctr Eau Terre Environm, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Asselin, Esther] Nat Resources Canada, 490 Rue Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. RP McLaughlin, PI (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM pimclaug@iu.edu NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 53 IS 8 BP 865 EP 874 DI 10.1139/cjes-2015-0242 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DS6RP UT WOS:000380910300014 ER PT J AU Sethi, SA Bradley, C AF Sethi, Suresh Andrew Bradley, Catherine TI Statistical arrival models to estimate missed passage counts at fish weirs SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC SALMON; WINBUGS AB Missed counts are commonplace when enumerating fish passing a weir. Typically "connect-the-dots" linear interpolation is used to impute missed passage; however, this method fails to characterize uncertainty about estimates and cannot be implemented when the tails of a run are missed. Here, we present a statistical approach to imputing missing passage at weirs that addresses these shortcomings, consisting of a parametric run curve model to describe the smoothed arrival dynamics of a fish population and a process variation model to describe the likelihood of observed data. Statistical arrival models are fit in a Bayesian framework and tested with a suite of missing data simulation trials and against a selection of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) case studies from the Yukon River drainage, Alaska, USA. When compared against linear interpolation, statistical arrival models produced equivalent or better expected accuracy and a narrower range of bias outcomes. Statistical arrival models also successfully imputed missing passage counts for scenarios where the tails of a run were missed. C1 [Sethi, Suresh Andrew] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Ecol Serv Div, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Bradley, Catherine] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Ecol Serv Div, 101 12th Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Sethi, SA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Ecol Serv Div, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM suresh.sethi@cornell.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1251 EP 1260 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0318 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DS5NQ UT WOS:000380829400011 ER PT J AU Bolin, TB Birdwell, JE Lewan, MD Hill, RJ Grayson, MB Mitra-Kirtley, S Bake, KD Craddock, PR Abdallah, W Pomerantz, AE AF Bolin, Trudy B. Birdwell, Justin E. Lewan, Michael D. Hill, Ronald J. Grayson, Michael B. Mitra-Kirtley, Sudipa Bake, Kyle D. Craddock, Paul R. Abdallah, Wael Pomerantz, Andrew E. TI Sulfur Species in Source Rock Bitumen before and after Hydrous Pyrolysis Determined by X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID ARGONNE PREMIUM COALS; STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; PETROLEUM FORMATION; S-XANES; KEROGEN; SHALE; OIL; SPECIATION; ASPHALTENES; FORMS AB The sulfur speciation of source rock bitumen (chloroform-extractable organic matter in sedimentary rocks) was examined using sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure ()CANES) spectroscopy for a suite of 11 source rocks from around the world. Sulfur speciation was determined for both the native bitumen in thermally immature rocks and the bitumen produced by thermal maturation of kerogen via hydrous pyrolysis (360 degrees C for 72 h) and retained within the rock matrix. In this study, the immature bitumens had higher sulfur concentrations than those extracted from samples after hydrous pyrolysis. In addition, dramatic and systematic evolution of the bitumen sulfur moiety distributions following artificial thermal maturation was observed consistently for all samples. Specifically, sulfoxide sulfur (sulfur double bonded to oxygen) is abundant in all immature bitumen samples but decreases substantially following hydrous pyrolysis. The loss in sulfoxide sulfur is associated with a relative increase in the fraction of thiophene sulfur (sulfur bonded to aromatic carbon) to the extent that thiophene is the dominant sulfur form in all post-pyrolysis bitumen samples. This suggests that sulfur moiety distributions might be used for estimating thermal maturity in source rocks based on the character of the extractable organic matter. C1 [Bolin, Trudy B.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Birdwell, Justin E.; Lewan, Michael D.; Hill, Ronald J.] US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Grayson, Michael B.; Mitra-Kirtley, Sudipa] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. [Bake, Kyle D.; Craddock, Paul R.; Pomerantz, Andrew E.] Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Abdallah, Wael] Schlumberger Dhahran Carbonate Res Ctr, Dhahran 31942, Saudi Arabia. [Bolin, Trudy B.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hill, Ronald J.] EOG Resources, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Bolin, TB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.; Bolin, TB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM trudy@rams.colostate.edu OI Birdwell, Justin/0000-0001-8263-1452 FU DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank the following U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Laboratory personnel for their assistance with this work: Zach Lowry (bitumen extractions and kerogen isolations), Mark Dreier (HAWK), Tom Oliver (TOC), and Augusta Warden (elemental analyses). The authors also thank T. Wu and L. Ma for their beamline support. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD AUG PY 2016 VL 30 IS 8 BP 6264 EP 6270 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00744 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DT8XH UT WOS:000381778500009 ER PT J AU Dawson, HA Jones, ML Irwin, BJ Johnson, NS Wagner, MC Szymanski, MD AF Dawson, Heather A. Jones, Michael L. Irwin, Brian J. Johnson, Nicholas S. Wagner, Michael C. Szymanski, Melissa D. TI MANAGEMENT STRATEGY EVALUATION OF PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPPING TECHNIQUES TO IMPROVE MANAGEMENT OF INVASIVE SEA LAMPREY SO NATURAL RESOURCE MODELING LA English DT Article DE Management strategy evaluation; integrated pest management; Laurentian Great Lakes; pest control; recruitment dynamics; structured decision making ID FISHERIES-MANAGEMENT; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; GREAT-LAKES; SYSTEMS; POPULATIONS AB We applied a management strategy evaluation (MSE) model to examine the potential cost-effectiveness of using pheromone-baited trapping along with conventional lampricide treatment to manage invasive sea lamprey. Four pheromone-baited trapping strategies were modeled: (1) stream activation wherein pheromone was applied to existing traps to achieve 10(-12) mol/L in-stream concentration, (2) stream activation plus two additional traps downstream with pheromone applied at 2.5 mg/hr (reverse-intercept approach), (3) trap activation wherein pheromone was applied at 10 mg/hr to existing traps, and (4) trap activation and reverse-intercept approach. Each new strategy was applied, with remaining funds applied to conventional lampricide control. Simulating deployment of these hybrid strategies on fourteen Lake Michigan streams resulted in increases of 17 and 11% (strategies 1 and 2) and decreases of 4 and 7% (strategies 3 and 4) of the lakewide mean abundance of adult sea lamprey relative to status quo. MSE revealed performance targets for trap efficacy to guide additional research because results indicate that combining lampricides and high efficacy trapping technologies can reduce sea lamprey abundance on average without increasing control costs. C1 [Dawson, Heather A.; Szymanski, Melissa D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, 264 Murchie Sci Bldg, Flint, MI 48502 USA. [Jones, Michael L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Irwin, Brian J.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Johnson, Nicholas S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Wagner, Michael C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Dawson, HA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, 264 Murchie Sci Bldg, Flint, MI 48502 USA. EM hdawson@umflint.edu; jonesm30@msu.edu; irwin@uga.edu; njohnson@usgs.gov; mwagner@msu.edu; meszyman@umflint.edu FU University of Michigan-Flint Office of Research; U.S. Geological Survey; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Georgia; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank the University of Michigan-Flint Office of Research for funding this project in part through a Research and Creative Activities Award provided to H. Dawson. Insights and feedback from sea lamprey biologists and managers were crucial to the development of this research project. In particular, Jessica Barber, Gregory Klingler, Jeff Slade, and Michael Twohey answered questions and provided data regarding potential study streams and costs of deployment of pheromone-baited trapping. We thank Norine Dobiesz and Alex Jensen for their assistance in modifying the model for this project. We thank students at University of Michigan-Flint who helped conduct model simulations and prepare this paper for publication. In particular, Alexander Maguffee, Anna Darzi, Tyler Main, Jenny Hu, Drew Schaft, Eddy Elkassis, and Adam Brown explored valuable questions using the model. We also thank the previous programmers and users of earlier versions of the sea lamprey operating model. This is contribution No. 1926 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center and contribution number 2016-09 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center at Michigan State University. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0890-8575 EI 1939-7445 J9 NAT RESOUR MODEL JI Nat. Resour. Model. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 29 IS 3 BP 448 EP 469 DI 10.1111/nrm.12096 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA DS6TE UT WOS:000380914800006 ER PT J AU Punsalan, AP Collins, B DeWald, LE AF Punsalan, April P. Collins, Beverly DeWald, Laura E. TI The germination ecology of Helonias bullata L. (swamp pink) with respect to dry, saturated, and flooded conditions SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Dispersal; Buoyancy; Germination ecology; Hydrochory; Forested wetland; Rare plant; Southern appalachian region; Helonias bullata ID SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; TUPELO SWAMP; NEW-JERSEY; WETLAND; REGENERATION; TREE; HETEROGENEITY; HYDROCHORY; DIVERSITY; LILIACEAE AB Poor sexual recruitment is a major conservation concern for the rare obligate wetland plant Helonias bullata L. (swamp pink). Helonias predominately occurs in forested wetlands amongst hummock-hollow topography where water levels fluctuate spatially and temporally, creating a wide variety of moisture microsite conditions for germination. To determine how moisture conditions affect the germination response of Helonias seeds, germination percentages and rates were compared after seeds were exposed to dry, saturated (stream margin), and flooded (floating and submerged) conditions in a growth chamber and field for 1-35 days. Helonias final germination percentages were greater than 50% after exposure of all conditions, except dry conditions in the growth chamber. Moisture availability at the time of seed arrival was the main factor that influenced the germination of Helonias. Helonias seeds exposed to saturated and flooded conditions germinated within a short time frame (10-30 days). Rapid germination may be important for Helonias plants in forested wetlands where variable moisture conditions can create a narrow window for regeneration. For both the growth chamber and field experiment, final germination percentages were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for floating seeds compared to those kept dry. Water likely serves as an important dispersal mechanism for Helonias seeds since they exhibit high floating capability and germinability relative to the length of time spent in the water. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Punsalan, April P.; Collins, Beverly; DeWald, Laura E.] Western Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, 132 Nat Sci Bldg, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. [Punsalan, April P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 176 Croghan Spur Rd,Suite 200, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. RP Punsalan, AP (reprint author), Western Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, 132 Nat Sci Bldg, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. EM april.punsalan2@gmail.com; collinsb@email.wcu.edu; ldewald@email.wcu.edu OI Punsalan, April/0000-0001-6834-8554 FU Garden Club of America, Catherine H. Beattie Fellowship FX The authors wish to thank Ron Determann, Gary Kauffman, Duke Rankin, Jenny Cruse-Sanders, Dale Suiter, Victor Vankus, and Whit-ney Wiest for their support, knowledge, and expertise. We would like to thank Jonathan Horton for allowing us to use the growth chambers at University of North Carolina at Asheville. The Garden Club of America, Catherine H. Beattie Fellowship, financially supported this research. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 EI 1879-1522 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 133 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2016.05.005 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DS1XR UT WOS:000380419000003 ER PT J AU Rueda, A Camus, P Tomas, A Vitousek, S Mendez, FJ AF Rueda, A. Camus, P. Tomas, A. Vitousek, S. Mendez, F. J. TI A multivariate extreme wave and storm surge climate emulator based on weather patterns SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Joint probability; Extremes; Statistical downscaling; Weather types ID NON-STATIONARITY; GAUSSIAN COPULA; MODEL; RISK; PRECIPITATION; FRAMEWORK; RAINFALL; DESIGN AB Coastal floods often coincide with large waves, storm surge and tides. Thus, joint probability methods are needed to properly characterize extreme sea levels. This work introduces a statistical downscaling framework for multivariate extremes that relates the non-stationary behavior of coastal flooding events to the occurrence probability of daily weather patterns. The proposed method is based on recently-developed weather-type methods to predict extreme events (e.g., significant wave height, mean wave period, surge level) from large-scale sea-level pressure fields. For each weather type, variables of interest are modeled using Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distributions and a Gaussian copula for modelling the interdependence between variables. The statistical dependence between consecutive days is addressed by defining a climate-based extremal index for each weather type. This work allows attribution of extreme events to specific weather conditions, enhancing the knowledge of climate-driven coastal flooding. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rueda, A.; Camus, P.; Tomas, A.; Mendez, F. J.] Univ Cantabria, IHCantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst, Santander, Spain. [Vitousek, S.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Rueda, A (reprint author), Univ Cantabria, IHCantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst, Santander, Spain. EM ruedaac@unican.es FU European Commission, JRC, Institute for prospective Technological Studies (IPTS) [2013/S 122-208379]; Spanish 'Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad' [BIA2014-59643-R] FX Atmospheric data from CFSR is available online at https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/climate-forecast-system-r eanalysis-cfsr. Marine data from global reanalysis are lodge with the IHData center from IHCantabria and are available for research purposes upon request (contact: ihdata@ihcantabria.com). The work has been partially funded by project "2013/S 122-208379 - Assessment of climate impacts on coastal systems in Europe" from the European Commission, JRC, Institute for prospective Technological Studies (IPTS). AR and FJM acknowledge the support of the Spanish 'Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad' under Grant BIA2014-59643-R. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 104 BP 242 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.06.008 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DS3HH UT WOS:000380673200018 ER PT J AU Poessel, SA Bloom, PH Braham, MA Katzner, TE AF Poessel, Sharon A. Bloom, Peter H. Braham, Melissa A. Katzner, Todd E. TI Age- and season-specific variation in local and long-distance movement behavior of golden eagles SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aquila chrysaetos; California; Connectivity; Exploratory movements; Migration; Movement ecology ID AQUILA-CHRYSAETOS; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; KERNEL METHODS; BOREAL SWEDEN; DISPERSAL; BIRDS; MIGRATION; PERFORMANCE AB Animal movements can determine the population dynamics of wildlife. We used telemetry data to provide insight into the causes and consequences of local and long-distance movements of multiple age classes of conservation-reliant golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in the foothills and mountains near Tehachapi, California. We estimated size and habitat-related correlates of 324 monthly 95 % home ranges and 317 monthly 50 % core areas for 25 birds moving locally over 2.5 years. We also calculated daily, hourly, and total distances traveled for the five of these birds that engaged in long-distance movements. Mean (+/- SD) monthly home-range size was 253.6 +/- 429.4 km(2) and core-area size was 26.4 +/- 49.7 km(2). Consistent with expectations, space used by pre-adults increased with age and was season-dependent but, unexpectedly, was not sex-dependent. For all ages and sexes, home ranges and core areas were dominated by both forest & woodland and shrubland & grassland habitat types. When moving long distances, eagles traveled up to 1588.4 km (1-way) in a season at highly variable speeds (63.7 +/- 69.0 km/day and 5.2 +/- 10.4 km/h) that were dependent on time of day. Patterns of long-distance movements by eagles were determined by age, yet these movements had characteristics of more than one previously described movement category (migration, dispersal, etc.). Our results provide a context for differentiating among types of movement behaviors and their population-level consequences and, thus, have implications for management and conservation of golden eagle populations. C1 [Poessel, Sharon A.; Katzner, Todd E.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 S Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Bloom, Peter H.] Western Fdn Vertebrate Zool, 439 Calle San Pablo, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA. [Braham, Melissa A.] West Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Poessel, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 S Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM spoessel@usgs.gov RI Poessel, Sharon/B-3651-2013; OI Poessel, Sharon/0000-0002-0283-627X; Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 FU California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) [P1182024, P148006]; Bureau of Land Management (US BLM) [L11PX02237] FX We thank Cellular Tracking Technologies that manufactured the GPS-GSM transmitters used in this project. Elliot Chasin (CDFW), Carie Battistone (CDFW), Amy Fesnock (US BLM), J. Andrew DeWoody (Purdue), and Leah Dunn provided key insights and support throughout this project. Chris Niemela, Scott Thomas, Cheryl Thomas, Mike Kuehn, and Robert Chapman assisted with the field effort. We thank E.J. Remson and Zachary Principe of The Nature Conservancy for access to local ranch lands under their management. This work was supported by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW agreements P1182024 and P148006) and the Bureau of Land Management (US BLM contract L11PX02237) as well as the authors' institutions. TEK designed the study, PHB trapped and telemetered eagles, SAP and MB analyzed the data, SAP and TEK led the writing, and all authors contributed to revising and improving themanuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 22 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-4642 EI 1439-0574 J9 EUR J WILDLIFE RES JI Eur. J. Wildl. Res. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 62 IS 4 BP 377 EP 393 DI 10.1007/s10344-016-1010-4 PG 17 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DR8CZ UT WOS:000380127300001 ER PT J AU Kelly, PT Craig, N Solomon, CT Weidel, BC Zwart, JA Jones, SE AF Kelly, Patrick T. Craig, Nicola Solomon, Christopher T. Weidel, Brian C. Zwart, Jacob A. Jones, Stuart E. TI Experimental whole-lake increase of dissolved organic carbon concentration produces unexpected increase in crustacean zooplankton density SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cyclopoid copepods; Daphnia; dissolved organic carbon; ecosystem manipulation; north temperate lakes; resource stoichiometry; zooplankton ID NORTH-TEMPERATE LAKES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; UV-RADIATION; HEAT-WAVE; FOOD WEBS; TERRESTRIAL; PHOSPHORUS; MATTER; VARIABILITY; BIOMASS AB The observed pattern of lake browning, or increased terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, across the northern hemisphere has amplified the importance of understanding how consumer productivity varies with DOC concentration. Results from comparative studies suggest these increased DOC concentrations may reduce crustacean zooplankton productivity due to reductions in resource quality and volume of suitable habitat. Although these spatial comparisons provide an expectation for the response of zooplankton productivity as DOC concentration increases, we still have an incomplete understanding of how zooplankton respond to temporal increases in DOC concentration within a single system. As such, we used a whole-lake manipulation, in which DOC concentration was increased from 8 to 11mgL(-1) in one basin of a manipulated lake, to test the hypothesis that crustacean zooplankton production should subsequently decrease. In contrast to the spatially derived expectation of sharp DOC-mediated decline, we observed a small increase in zooplankton densities in response to our experimental increase in DOC concentration of the treatment basin. This was due to significant increases in gross primary production and resource quality (lower seston carbon-to-phosphorus ratio; C:P). These results demonstrate that temporal changes in lake characteristics due to increased DOC may impact zooplankton in ways that differ from those observed in spatial surveys. We also identified significant interannual variability across our study region, which highlights potential difficulty in detecting temporal responses of organism abundances to gradual environmental change (e.g., browning). C1 [Kelly, Patrick T.; Zwart, Jacob A.; Jones, Stuart E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Craig, Nicola; Solomon, Christopher T.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. [Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Kelly, PT (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM kellypt2@miamioh.edu RI Solomon, Chris/E-6284-2014 OI Solomon, Chris/0000-0002-2850-4257 FU Canada Foundation for Innovation [28196] FX We thank the University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center (UNDERC) for hosting our experiment. The chemical analyses were conducted at the Center for Environmental Science and Technology (CEST) at University of Notre Dame. Technical assistance was provided by J.J. Coloso, K. Baglini, R. Pilla, A. Sumner, S. Godwin, K. Creamer, A. Searle, K. Roberts, L. Raaf, E. Golebie, B. Conner, S. McCarthy, E. Mather, S. Elser, C.J. Humes, J. Lerner, and M.F. Ebenezer. K.L. Cottingham and two anonymous reviewers' comments significantly improved the manuscript. This work was supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation 28196 to CTS. Mention of specific product or trade names does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 17 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 22 IS 8 BP 2766 EP 2775 DI 10.1111/gcb.13260 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR6MU UT WOS:000380016800011 PM 26919470 ER PT J AU Mirus, BB Halford, K Sweetkind, D Fenelon, J AF Mirus, Benjamin B. Halford, Keith Sweetkind, Don Fenelon, Joe TI Testing the suitability of geologic frameworks for extrapolating hydraulic properties across regional scales SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Groundwater flow; Heterogeneity; Hydraulic properties; Hydraulic tomography; USA ID CALIBRATION; MODEL AB The suitability of geologic frameworks for extrapolating hydraulic conductivity (K) to length scales commensurate with hydraulic data is difficult to assess. A novel method is presented for evaluating assumed relations between K and geologic interpretations for regional-scale groundwater modeling. The approach relies on simultaneous interpretation of multiple aquifer tests using alternative geologic frameworks of variable complexity, where each framework is incorporated as prior information that assumes homogeneous K within each model unit. This approach is tested at Pahute Mesa within the Nevada National Security Site (USA), where observed drawdowns from eight aquifer tests in complex, highly faulted volcanic rocks provide the necessary hydraulic constraints. The investigated volume encompasses 40 mi(3) (167 km(3)) where drawdowns traversed major fault structures and were detected more than 2 mi (3.2 km) from pumping wells. Complexity of the five frameworks assessed ranges from an undifferentiated mass of rock with a single unit to 14 distinct geologic units. Results show that only four geologic units can be justified as hydraulically unique for this location. The approach qualitatively evaluates the consistency of hydraulic property estimates within extents of investigation and effects of geologic frameworks on extrapolation. Distributions of transmissivity are similar within the investigated extents irrespective of the geologic framework. In contrast, the extrapolation of hydraulic properties beyond the volume investigated with interfering aquifer tests is strongly affected by the complexity of a given framework. Testing at Pahute Mesa illustrates how this method can be employed to determine the appropriate level of geologic complexity for large-scale groundwater modeling. C1 [Mirus, Benjamin B.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Halford, Keith] US Geol Survey, Carson, CA USA. [Sweetkind, Don] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fenelon, Joe] US Geol Survey, Henderson, NV USA. RP Mirus, BB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM bbmirus@usgs.gov OI Mirus, Benjamin/0000-0001-5550-014X NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1133 EP 1146 DI 10.1007/s10040-016-1375-1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DR7OQ UT WOS:000380090000006 ER PT J AU Ruiz-Gutierrez, V Kendall, WL Saracco, JF White, GC AF Ruiz-Gutierrez, Viviana Kendall, William L. Saracco, James F. White, Gary C. TI Overwintering strategies of migratory birds: a novel approach for estimating seasonal movement patterns of residents and transients SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE migration; movement; multi-state model; Neotropical; open robust design; probability of entry; site persistence; state uncertainty; survival ID ROBUST DESIGN; NONBREEDING-SEASON; AMERICAN REDSTARTS; MIGRANT WARBLER; RECAPTURE; SURVIVAL; DISPERSAL; MODELS; POPULATIONS; TERRITORIALITY AB Our understanding of movement patterns in wildlife populations has played an important role in current ecological knowledge and can inform landscape conservation decisions. Direct measures of movement can be obtained using marked individuals, but this requires tracking individuals across a landscape or multiple sites. We demonstrate how movements can be estimated indirectly using single-site, capture-mark-recapture (CMR) data with a multi-state open robust design with state uncertainty model (MSORD-SU). We treat residence and transience as two phenotypic states of overwintering migrants and use time- and state-dependent probabilities of site entry and persistence as indirect measures of movement. We applied the MSORD-SU to data on eight species of overwintering Neotropical birds collected in 14 countries between 2002 and 2011. In addition to entry and persistence probabilities, we estimated the proportions of residents at a study site and mean residence times. We identified overwintering movement patterns and residence times that contrasted with prior categorizations of territoriality. Most species showed an evidence of residents entering sites at multiple time intervals, with transients tending to enter between peak resident movement times. Persistence and the proportion of residents varied by latitude, but were not always positively correlated for a given species.Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that migratory songbirds commonly move among habitats during the overwintering period. Substantial proportions of populations appear to be comprised of transient individuals, and residents tend to persist at specific sites for relatively short periods of time. This information on persistence and movement patterns should be explored for specific habitats to guide landscape management on the wintering grounds, such as determining which habitats are conserved or restored as part of certification programmes of tropical agroforestry crops. We suggest that research and conservation efforts on Neotropical migrant songbirds focus on identifying landscape configurations and regional habitat networks that support these diverse overwintering strategies to secure full life cycle conservation. C1 [Ruiz-Gutierrez, Viviana; Kendall, William L.; White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kendall, William L.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Saracco, James F.] Inst Bird Populat, POB 1346, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. RP Ruiz-Gutierrez, V (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM vr45@cornell.edu NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 31 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1035 EP 1045 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12655 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR7FO UT WOS:000380065600008 ER PT J AU Schumacher, W Stapanian, MA Andreas, BK Gara, B AF Schumacher, William Stapanian, Martin A. Andreas, Barbara K. Gara, Brian TI Number of Genera as a Potential Screening Tool for Assessing Quality of Bryophyte Communities in Ohio Wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Bryophytes; Quality assessment index; Number of genera; Wetlands ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; VEGETATION INDEX; DISTURBANCE; DOMINANCE; METRICS AB Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts) have numerous advantages as indicators of environmental quality. A quality assessment index for bryophyte species assemblages (BQAI) was developed for the State of Ohio, USA. Reliable identification of bryophytes to species often requires considerable training, practice, and time. In contrast, reliable identification to genera for most bryophytes in Ohio requires much less training. We identified 110 bryophyte species (14 liverworts and 96 mosses) belonging to 69 genera (13 liverwort and 56 moss) in 45 wetlands (27 emergent, 13 forested, and 5 shrub) in Ohio. As expected, there were more genera and higher BQAI scores in forested than in emergent wetlands. Number of genera was highly correlated (r a parts per thousand yen 0.9) with BQAI in emergent and forested wetlands and for the combined set of wetlands. Number of genera and BQAI responded almost identically to an index of wetland disturbance. The results suggest that number of genera has potential as a screening tool for assessing bryophyte community quality in wetlands in some regions. C1 [Schumacher, William; Gara, Brian] Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, 4675 Homer Ohio Lane, Groveport, OH 43125 USA. [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Andreas, Barbara K.] Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD AUG PY 2016 VL 36 IS 4 BP 771 EP 778 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0773-4 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR7GC UT WOS:000380067000016 ER PT J AU Tangen, BA Finocchiaro, RG Gleason, RA Dahl, CF AF Tangen, Brian A. Finocchiaro, Raymond G. Gleason, Robert A. Dahl, Charles F. TI Greenhouse Gas Fluxes of a Shallow Lake in South-Central North Dakota, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Methane; Nitrous oxide; Water chemistry; Wetland ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE DYNAMICS; METHANE EMISSIONS; WETLAND CATCHMENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INLAND WATERS; LAND-USE; SOIL; SEQUESTRATION AB Greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes of aquatic ecosystems in the northern Great Plains of the U.S. represent a significant data gap. Consequently, a 3-year study was conducted in south-central North Dakota, USA, to provide an initial estimate of GHG fluxes from a large, shallow lake. Mean GHG fluxes were 0.02 g carbon dioxide (CO2) m(-2) h(-1), 0.0009 g methane (CH4) m(-2) h(-1), and 0.0005 mg nitrous oxide (N2O) m(-2) h(-1). Fluxes of CO2 and CH4 displayed temporal and spatial variability which is characteristic of aquatic ecosystems, while fluxes of N2O were consistently low throughout the study. Comparisons between results of this study and published values suggest that mean daily fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O from Long Lake were low, particularly when compared to the well-studied prairie pothole wetlands of the region. Similarly, cumulative seasonal CH4 fluxes, which ranged from 2.68-7.58 g CH4 m(-2), were relatively low compared to other wetland systems of North America. The observed variability among aquatic ecosystems underscores the need for further research. C1 [Tangen, Brian A.; Finocchiaro, Raymond G.; Gleason, Robert A.; Dahl, Charles F.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St Southeast, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Tangen, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St Southeast, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM btangen@usgs.gov OI Tangen, Brian/0000-0001-5157-9882 FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change RD Program FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change R&D Program. We gratefully thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service staff at Long Lake NWR, with special thanks to M. Rabenberg and C. Jacobsen for their assistance with this study, and Wesley Newton for statistical support. We also thank Robert Striegl and two anonymous reviewers for their insight and helpful comments on this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD AUG PY 2016 VL 36 IS 4 BP 779 EP 787 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0782-3 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR7GC UT WOS:000380067000017 ER PT J AU Stephenson, WJ Odum, JK Wicks, CW Pratt, TL Blakely, RJ AF Stephenson, W. J. Odum, J. K. Wicks, C. W. Pratt, T. L. Blakely, R. J. TI Seismic Imaging beneath an InSAR Anomaly in Eastern Washington State: Shallow Faulting Associated with an Earthquake Swarm in a Low-Hazard Area SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TECTONICS AB In 2001, a rare swarm of small, shallow earthquakes beneath the city of Spokane, Washington, caused ground shaking as well as audible booms over a five-month period. Subsequent Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data analysis revealed an area of surface uplift in the vicinity of the earthquake swarm. To investigate the potential faults that may have caused both the earthquakes and the topographic uplift, we collected similar to 3 km of high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles to image the upper-source region of the swarm. The two profiles reveal a complex deformational pattern within Quaternary alluvial, fluvial, and flood deposits, underlain by Tertiary basalts and basin sediments. At least 100 m of arching on a basalt surface in the upper 500 m is interpreted from both the seismic profiles and magnetic modeling. Two west-dipping faults deform Quaternary sediments and project to the surface near the location of the Spokane fault defined from modeling of the InSAR data. C1 [Stephenson, W. J.; Odum, J. K.] US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Wicks, C. W.; Blakely, R. J.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Pratt, T. L.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Stephenson, WJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM wstephens@usgs.gov FU National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program FX This work was funded by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. We thank David Worley for critical support during data acquisition. We are grateful to our field crew, Elizabeth Pettinger, Stephen Angster, and Chris Cothrun for their valuable assistance. Special thanks to Shaun Finn for field assistance and for assistance with preliminary seismic data processing. We thank Barbara Luke at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, for use of the Minivib I seismic source. This article benefitted greatly from reviews by Ed Woolery, Brian Sherrod, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1461 EP 1469 DI 10.1785/0120150295 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DR7TK UT WOS:000380102400008 ER PT J AU Volti, T Burbidge, D Collins, C Asten, M Odum, J Stephenson, W Pascal, CH Holzschuh, J AF Volti, Theodora Burbidge, David Collins, Clive Asten, Michael Odum, Jack Stephenson, William Pascal, Chris Harris Holzschuh, Josef TI Comparisons between VS30 and Spectral Response for 30 Sites in Newcastle, Australia, from Collocated Seismic Cone Penetrometer, Active- and Passive-Source V-S Data SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; NEIGHBORHOOD ALGORITHM; INVERSION; SHALLOW; SATURATION; CALIFORNIA; HAZARD; ARRAYS; NOISE; MAP AB Although the time-averaged shear-wave velocity down to 30 m depth (V-S30) can be a proxy for estimating earthquake ground-motion amplification, significant controversy exists about its limitations when used as a single parameter for the prediction of amplification. To examine this question in absence of relevant strong-motion records, we use a range of different methods to measure the shear-wave velocity profiles and the resulting theoretical site amplification factors (AFs) for 30 sites in the Newcastle area, Australia, in a series of blind comparison studies. The multimethod approach used here combines past seismic cone penetrometer and spectral analysis of surface-wave data, with newly acquired horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio, passive-source surface-wave spatial autocorrelation (SPAC), refraction microtremor (ReMi), and multichannel analysis of surface-wave data. The various measurement techniques predicted a range of different AFs. The SPAC and ReMi techniques have the smallest overall deviation from the median AF for the majority of sites. We show that V-S30 can be related to spectral response above a period T of 0.5 s but not necessarily with the maximum amplification according to the modeling done based on the measured shear-wave velocity profiles. Both V-S30 and AF values are influenced by the velocity ratio between bedrock and overlying sediments and the presence of surficial thin low-velocity layers (< 2 m thick and < 150 m/s), but the velocity ratio is what mostly affects the AF. At 0.2 < T < 0.4 s, the AFs are largely controlled by the surficial geology of a particular site. AF maxima are the highest in the hard classes, which is the inverse of the findings used in the Australian Building Code. Only for T > 0.5 s do the amplification curves consistently show higher values for soft site classes and lower for hard classes. C1 [Volti, Theodora; Burbidge, David; Collins, Clive] Geosci Australia, Community Safety Grp, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Asten, Michael] Monash Univ, Sch Geosci, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. [Odum, Jack; Stephenson, William] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Box 25048,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Pascal, Chris Harris] Geosci Australia, Groundwater Grp, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Holzschuh, Josef] Geosci Australia, Mineral Syst Grp, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Volti, T (reprint author), Geosci Australia, Community Safety Grp, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM Theodora.Volti@ga.gov.au; michael.asten@monash.edu; odum@usgs.gov; wstephens@usgs.gov; Chris.HarrisPascal@ga.gov.au; Josef.Holzschuh@ga.gov.au NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1690 EP 1709 DI 10.1785/0120150073 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DR7TK UT WOS:000380102400025 ER PT J AU Wierda, MR Leith, KF Roe, AS Grubb, TG Sikarskie, JG Best, DA Pittman, HT Fuentes, L Simon, KL Bowerman, W AF Wierda, Michael R. Leith, Katherine F. Roe, Amy S. Grubb, Teryl G. Sikarskie, James G. Best, David A. Pittman, H. Tyler Fuentes, Latice Simon, Kendall L. Bowerman, William TI Using bald eagles to track spatial (1999-2008) and temporal (1987-1992, 1999-2003, and 2004-2008) trends of contaminants in Michigan's aquatic ecosystems SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pesticide; Wildlife toxicology; Aquatic toxicology; Biosentinel; Tertiary predator ID GREAT-LAKES BASIN; HALIAEETUS-ALBICILLA; ORGANOCHLORINE; EGGS; PRODUCTIVITY; REPRODUCTION; RESIDUES; BLOOD AB The bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is an extensively researched tertiary predator. Studies have delineated information about its life history and the influences of various stressors on its reproduction. Due to the bald eagle's position at the top of the food web, it is susceptible to biomagnification of xenobiotics. The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality implemented a program in 1999 to monitor persistent chemicals including polychlorinated biphenols (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE). The objectives of the present study were to evaluate spatial and temporal trends of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in nestling bald eagles of Michigan. The authors' study found that concentrations of PCBs and DDE were higher in Great Lakes areas with Lakes Michigan and Lake Huron having the highest concentrations of DDE and Lake Erie having the highest concentrations of PCBs. Temporally (1987-1992, 1999-2003, and 2004-2008) the present study found declines in PCB and DDE concentrations with a few exceptions. Continued monitoring of Michigan bald eagle populations is suggested for a couple of reasons. First, nestling blood contaminant levels are an appropriate method to monitor ecosystem contaminant levels. Second, from 1999 to 2008 PCB and DDE concentrations for 30% and 40%, respectively, of the nestling eagles sampled were above the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for bald eagles. Lastly, with the continued development and deployment of new chemistries a continuous long term monitoring program is an invaluable resource. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1995-2002. (c) 2016 SETAC C1 [Wierda, Michael R.; Leith, Katherine F.; Roe, Amy S.; Bowerman, William] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Grubb, Teryl G.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Sikarskie, James G.] Michigan State Univ, Vet Teaching Hosp, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Best, David A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Environm Contaminants Program, E Lansing, MI USA. [Pittman, H. Tyler; Fuentes, Latice; Simon, Kendall L.; Bowerman, William] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wierda, MR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mwierda@arizona.email.edu FU Michigan Department of Environmental Quality; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; US Forest Service; National Parks/Landholders; State Parks/Landholders; Private Parks/Landholders; Michigan State University; Clemson State University; Lake Superior State University FX Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, US Forest Service, National, State, and Private Parks/Landholders, Michigan, Clemson, and Lake Superior State Universities for their support. G. Hall, Research Programmer, Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona for visualization of data in the form of maps. Finally, the US Census Bureau and state of Michigan, DNR Fisheries Division or the University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources and Environment for map layers. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1995 EP 2002 DI 10.1002/etc.3523 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DR7CH UT WOS:000380057100014 PM 27442160 ER PT J AU Troiano, AT Grue, CE AF Troiano, Alexandra T. Grue, Christian E. TI Plasma cholinesterase activity as a biomarker for quantifying exposure of green sturgeon to carbaryl following applications to control burrowing shrimp in Washington State SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; Butyrylcholinesterase; Carbaryl; Estuarine toxicology; Hazard/risk assessment; Sturgeon ID BRAIN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; ACIPENSER-MEDIROSTRIS; WILLAPA BAY; BEHAVIORAL IMPAIRMENT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH; BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; INHIBITION; PESTICIDE AB Willapa Bay (Washington State, USA) has been 1 of the rare intertidal locations where large-scale pesticide applications occur. Until recently, carbaryl was applied to control burrowing shrimp that decrease commercial oyster productivity. The bay is a critical habitat for green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris), an anadromous species listed as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act. However, the hazard that carbaryl poses is unknown. Surrogate seawater-acclimated white sturgeon (A. transmontanus) were exposed to 0gL(-1), 30gL(-1), 100gL(-1), 300gL(-1), 1000gL(-1), and 3000gL(-1) carbaryl for 6h, and brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities were measured. Enzyme recovery was measured in an additional cohort exposed to 1000gL(-1) carbaryl for 6h. Activity of AChE was reduced (p0.001) at concentrations100gL(-1) with recovery in the 1000gL(-1) cohort by 72h. Surprisingly, BChE activity was greater than controls at concentrations300gL(-1) (p>0.05), a finding confirmed in additional fish exposed to 3000gL(-1) for 6h (+30%, p < 0.001) with apparent recovery by 48h. Plasma samples were collected from free-living green sturgeon before and 4d to 5d after application of carbaryl in Willapa Bay. Activity of BChE after application was reduced 28% (p<0.001), indicating exposure to the pesticide. However, the lack of congruence between BChE and AChE activity in captive white sturgeon exposed to carbaryl indicates that further studies are needed to better understand the risk carbaryl exposure poses to green sturgeon. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2003-2015. (c) 2015 SETAC C1 [Troiano, Alexandra T.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Grue, Christian E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Troiano, AT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM troiaa24@uw.edu FU Willapa-Grays Harbor Oyster Growers Association; Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration; Washington State Legislature through Washington State University; University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; US Geological Survey (USGS); University of Washington; WSU; Washington Department of Ecology; Washington Department of Natural Resources FX Funding was provided by the Willapa-Grays Harbor Oyster Growers Association, Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration; Washington State Legislature through Washington State University, University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is financially supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS), University of Washington, WSU, and the Washington Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources. We also thank T. Morris (Coast Seafoods), S. Thun (Pacific Agricultural Laboratory), J. Gregg and P. Hershberger (USGS, Western Fisheries Research Center, Marrowstone Marine Station), M. Hooper (USGS, Columbia Environmental Research Center), V. Blackhurst, J. Frew, M. Grassley, K. King, and A. Yahnke (Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit), P. Dionne and O. Langness (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife), S. Booth (Willapa-Grays Harbor Oyster Growers Association), and K. Patten (Washington State University-Long Beach) for project assistance. M. Hooper, K. Patten, G. Young and 2 anonymous reviewers kindly commented on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 35 IS 8 BP 2003 EP 2015 DI 10.1002/etc.3344 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DR7CH UT WOS:000380057100015 PM 26678014 ER PT J AU Unrein, JR Morris, JM Chitwood, RS Lipton, J Peers, J van de Wetering, S Schreck, CB AF Unrein, Julia R. Morris, Jeffrey M. Chitwood, Rob S. Lipton, Joshua Peers, Jennifer van de Wetering, Stan Schreck, Carl B. TI Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) ammocoetes exposed to contaminated Portland Harbor sediments: Method development and effects on survival, growth, and behavior SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Lamprey ammocoete; Portland Harbor; Sediment toxicity; Contaminant avoidance ID LOWER WILLAMETTE RIVER; OREGON; LARVAE; BIOACCUMULATION; WASHINGTON; CHEMICALS; FEEDERS; BASIN; RISK AB Many anthropogenic disturbances have contributed to the decline of Pacific lampreys (Entosphenus tridentatus), but potential negative effects of contaminants on lampreys are unclear. Lamprey ammocoetes are the only detritivorous fish in the lower Willamette River, Oregon, USA, and have been observed in Portland Harbor sediments. Their long benthic larval stage places them at risk from the effects of contaminated sediment. The authors developed experimental methods to assess the effects of contaminated sediment on the growth and behavior of field-collected ammocoetes reared in a laboratory. Specifically, they developed methods to assess individual growth and burrowing behavior. Burrowing performance demonstrated high variability among contaminated sediments; however, ammocoetes presented with noncontaminated reference sediment initiated burrowing more rapidly and completed it faster. Ammocoete reemergence from contaminated sediments suggests avoidance of some chemical compounds. The authors conducted long-term exposure experiments on individually held ammocoetes using sediment collected from their native Siletz River, which included the following: contaminated sediments collected from 9 sites within Portland Harbor, 2 uncontaminated reference sediments collected upstream, 1 uncontaminated sediment with characteristics similar to Portland Harbor sediments, and clean sand. They determined that a 24-h depuration period was sufficient to evaluate weight changes and observed no mortality or growth effects in fish exposed to any of the contaminated sediments. However, the effect on burrowing behavior appeared to be a sensitive endpoint, with potentially significant implications for predator avoidance. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2092-2102. (c) 2016 SETAC C1 [Unrein, Julia R.; Chitwood, Rob S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Morris, Jeffrey M.; Lipton, Joshua; Peers, Jennifer] Abt Associates Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [van de Wetering, Stan] Siletz Indians, Confederated Tribes, Portland, OR USA. [Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Unrein, JR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM julia.unrein@oregonstate.edu FU Portland Harbor Natural Resource Trustee Council; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon; Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians; Confederated Tribes of Umatilla Indian Reservation; Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon; Nez Perce Tribe; Bureau of Indian Affairs FX We thank the Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians for ammocoete collection and Oregon State University's Department of Microbiology for performing the ammocoete histopathology. We appreciate the assistance of E. Sandoval (ammocoete enclosure construction) and E. Nilsen and L. Schultz (editing). We also thank the staff of Abt Associates (formerly Stratus Consulting) for their assistance including D. Cacela (statistical analysis), I. Lipton (data processing and quality control), R. Jones, R. Streeter (geographic information system mapping), and S. Renfrow (editing). The present study was funded by the Portland Harbor Natural Resource Trustee Council, which includes the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon, the Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians, the Confederated Tribes of Umatilla Indian Reservation, the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon, and the Nez Perce Tribe, with funds from potentially responsible parties and the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Experiments were conducted under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee guidelines (permit 4022). NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 43 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 35 IS 8 BP 2092 EP 2102 DI 10.1002/etc.3367 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DR7CH UT WOS:000380057100024 PM 26762215 ER PT J AU Peterson, SH Ackerman, JT Costa, DP AF Peterson, Sarah H. Ackerman, Joshua T. Costa, Daniel P. TI Mercury correlations among blood, muscle, and hair of northern elephant seals during the breeding and molting fasts SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bioaccumulation; Tissue correlation; Biomonitoring; Marine mammal; Pinniped ID MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; METHYLMERCURY; FISH; ACCUMULATION; CONTAMINATION; CALIFORNIA; ENERGETICS; LACTATION; TRANSPORT AB Mercury (Hg) biomonitoring and toxicological risk assessments for marine mammals commonly sample different tissues, making comparisons with toxicity benchmarks and among species and regions difficult. Few studies have examined how life-history events, such as fasting, influence the relationship between total Hg (THg) concentrations in different tissues. The authors evaluated the relationships between THg concentrations in blood, muscle, and hair of female and male northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) at the start and end of the breeding and molting fasts. The relationships between tissues varied among tissue pairs and differed by sampling period and sex. Blood and muscle were generally related at all time periods; however, hair, an inert tissue, did not strongly represent the metabolically active tissues (blood and muscle) at all times of year. The strongest relationships between THg concentrations in hair and those in blood or muscle were observed during periods of active hair growth (end of the molting period) or during time periods when internal body conditions were similar to those when the hair was grown (end of the breeding fast). The results indicate that THg concentrations in blood or muscle can be translated to the other tissue type using the equations developed but that THg concentrations in hair were generally a poor index of internal THg concentrations except during the end of fasting periods. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2103-2110. (c) 2016 SETAC C1 [Peterson, Sarah H.; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Dixon Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA USA. RP Peterson, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM saepeter@ucsc.edu FU ONR [N00014-13-1-0134, N00014-10-1-0356]; NRS Mathias Grant; Rebecca and Steve Sooy Graduate Fellowship; ARCS Foundation; Friends of Long Marine Laboratory; Myers Oceanographic Trust; US Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center FX We are appreciative of the hard work of many people who supported the present study, especially D. Crocker, P. Robinson, C. Goetsch, L. Huckstadt, L. McHuron, M. Tift, M. Peterson, X. Rojas-Rocha, P. Morris, R. Condit, and the docents and rangers at Ano Nuevo State Reserve. We thank R. Keister, T. Watts, and M. Herzog for help in the Hg laboratory. Funding was provided to D.P. Costa by grants N00014-13-1-0134 and N00014-10-1-0356 from ONR; to S.H. Peterson by a NRS Mathias Grant, the Rebecca and Steve Sooy Graduate Fellowship, the ARCS Foundation, Friends of Long Marine Laboratory, and the Myers Oceanographic Trust; and to J.T. Ackerman from the US Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 35 IS 8 BP 2103 EP 2110 DI 10.1002/etc.3365 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DR7CH UT WOS:000380057100025 PM 26757244 ER PT J AU Richey, JN Sachs, JP AF Richey, J. N. Sachs, J. P. TI Precipitation changes in the western tropical Pacific over the past millennium SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; HYDROGEN ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; DELTA-D VALUES; WARM POOL; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; ICE-AGE; CLIMATE; SALINITY; OSCILLATION AB Modern seasonal and inter-annual precipitation variability in Palau is linked to both meridional movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and changes in the Pacific Walker Circulation (PWC) associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. Thus, Palau's hydroclimate should be sensitive to mean shifts in the ITCZ and PWC on decadal to centennial time scales. Using compound-specific hydrogen isotope ratios (delta H-2) of dinosterol in lake sediments, we generated a decadal-resolution proxy record of hydroclimatic variability in Palau spanning the past 800 yr. Results indicate a drying trend during the Little Ice Age in Palau, consistent with a southward displacement of the ITCZ. In addition to the secular drying trend, there are persistent large (similar to 20%) multi-decadal to centennial oscillations in the delta H-2 record, the most recent of which indicates an abrupt shift to drier conditions in the mid-1970s that coincides with a decadal-scale negative shift in the Southern Oscillation Index. C1 [Richey, J. N.; Sachs, J. P.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Richey, J. N.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Richey, JN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Richey, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE-1241247, EAR-0823503, ESH-0639640]; U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NOAA-NA08OAR4310685]; NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship FX This is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants OCE-1241247, EAR-0823503, and ESH-0639640, and by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under grant NOAA-NA08OAR4310685 to Sachs; and as part of the NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded to Richey. We thank Rienk Smittenberg, Mike Dawson, Pat Colin, Lori Bell, the Coral Reef Research Foundation, and the International Coral Reef Center of Palau for assistance in the field. We are grateful to the Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment, and Tourism of the Republic of Palau for providing the permit to conduct this research. We thank Josh Gregersen, Daniel Nelson, Nemiah Ladd, and Alyssa Atwood for helpful discussions and methodological insights. University of Washington student, Johnny Huynh, did a large portion of the sample preparation. We thank Jessica Rodysill and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments and suggestions. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2016 VL 44 IS 8 BP 671 EP 674 DI 10.1130/G37822.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA DR8AT UT WOS:000380121500020 ER PT J AU Castillo, JM Grewell, BJ Pickart, AJ Figueroa, E Sytsma, M AF Castillo, Jesus M. Grewell, Brenda J. Pickart, Andrea J. Figueroa, Enrique Sytsma, Mark TI Variation in tussock architecture of the invasive cordgrass Spartina densiflora along the Pacific Coast of North America SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Anoxia; Climate change; Invasive species; Phenotypic plasticity; Salt marshes; Tussock traits ID SALT-MARSH; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; CARBOHYDRATE ALLOCATION; EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; LATITUDINAL GRADIENT; SEASONAL PATTERNS; PLANT ZONATION; GLOBAL CHANGE; EGERIA-DENSA; POPULATIONS AB Some introduced species spread rapidly beyond their native range and into novel habitats mediated by a high degree of phenotypic plasticity and/or rapid evolutionary responses. In this context, clonality has been described as a significant factor contributing to invasiveness. We studied the abiotic environment and the responses of different tussock architecture traits of the invasive cordgrass Spartina densiflora Brongn. (Poaceae). A common garden experiment and field studies of S. densiflora in salt marshes across a wide latitudinal gradient from California (USA) to British Columbia (Canada) provided a model system for an integrated study of the potential mechanisms underlying the response of invasive S. densiflora populations to changes in environmental conditions. Our results showed that S. densiflora is able to adjust to widely variable climate (specifically, air temperature and the duration of the growing season) and sediment conditions (specifically, texture and hypoxia) through phenotypical plastic key functional tussock traits (e.g. shoot density, height, above- and below-ground biomass allocation patterns). Root biomass increased in coarser sediments in contrast to rhizomes, which were more abundant in finer sediments. Above-ground biomass and leaf area index increased mainly with air temperature during summer, and more robust (taller and wider) shoots were associated with more oxygenated sediments. In view of our results, S. densiflora appears to be a halophyte with a high degree of phenotypic plasticity that would enable it to respond successfully to changes in the abiotic conditions of salt marshes driven by global climate change, such as increasing salinity and temperatures. C1 [Castillo, Jesus M.; Figueroa, Enrique] Univ Seville, Dept Biol Vegetal & Ecol, Seville, Spain. [Grewell, Brenda J.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Davis, CA USA. [Pickart, Andrea J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Humboldt Bay Natl Wildlife Refuge, Arcata, CA USA. [Sytsma, Mark] Portland State Univ, Ctr Lakes & Reservoirs, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Castillo, JM (reprint author), Univ Seville, Dept Biol Vegetal & Ecol, Seville, Spain. EM manucas@us.es FU Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport FX The authors thank D. Kerr, N. Mikkelsen and Ch. van Ossenbruggen for their assistance in the field. Thanks to M. Moscow, C. J. Futrell, J. Grant, R. Miller, S. Wells and C. Pena for their help in the laboratory. We are also grateful to the California Department of Food and Agriculture, Oregon Department of Agriculture, Washington State Department of Agriculture, Vancouver Island Conservation Land Management Program and Ducks Unlimited Canada for their assistance. Jesus M. Castillo thanks to the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport for a grant of staff mobility for university teachers. five invasive populations of Spartina densiflora along the Pacific Coast of North America. Populations: SF San Francisco Bay Estuary, HB Humboldt Bay Estuary, MR Mad River Estuary, GH Grays Harbor Estuary, VI Vancouver Island (Baynes Sound) NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD AUG PY 2016 VL 18 IS 8 BP 2159 EP 2174 DI 10.1007/s10530-015-0991-3 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR7ZD UT WOS:000380117300005 ER PT J AU Kuffner, IB Toth, LT AF Kuffner, Ilsa B. Toth, Lauren T. TI A geological perspective on the degradation and conservation of western Atlantic coral reefs SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Acropora; bioerosion; Caribbean; cementation; coral reef; Holocene geology; monitoring; Acropora; bioerosion; Caribe; cementacion de arrecifes; los arrecifes de coral; geologia de Holoceno; monitoreo ID US-VIRGIN-ISLANDS; CALCIUM-CARBONATE BUDGET; CARIBBEAN CORAL; FLORIDA-KEYS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRINGING-REEF; PHASE-SHIFTS; ST-CROIX AB Continuing coral-reef degradation in the western Atlantic is resulting in loss of ecological and geologic functions of reefs. With the goal of assisting resource managers and stewards of reefs in setting and measuring progress toward realistic goals for coral-reef conservation and restoration, we examined reef degradation in this region from a geological perspective. The importance of ecosystem services provided by coral reefsas breakwaters that dissipate wave energy and protect shorelines and as providers of habitat for innumerable speciescannot be overstated. However, the few coral species responsible for reef building in the western Atlantic during the last approximately 1.5 million years are not thriving in the 21st century. These species are highly sensitive to abrupt temperature extremes, prone to disease infection, and have low sexual reproductive potential. Their vulnerability and the low functional redundancy of branching corals have led to the low resilience of western Atlantic reef ecosystems. The decrease in live coral cover over the last 50 years highlights the need for study of relict (senescent) reefs, which, from the perspective of coastline protection and habitat structure, may be just as important to conserve as the living coral veneer. Research is needed to characterize the geological processes of bioerosion, reef cementation, and sediment transport as they relate to modern-day changes in reef elevation. For example, although parrotfish remove nuisance macroalgae, possibly promoting coral recruitment, they will not save Atlantic reefs from geological degradation. In fact, these fish are quickly nibbling away significant quantities of Holocene reef framework. The question of how different biota covering dead reefs affect framework resistance to biological and physical erosion needs to be addressed. Monitoring and managing reefs with respect to physical resilience, in addition to ecological resilience, could optimize the expenditure of resources in conserving Atlantic reefs and the services they provide. Una Perspectiva Geologica de la Degradacion y Conservacion de los Arrecifes de Coral del Atlantico Oeste La degradacion continua de los arrecifes de coral en el Atlantico oeste esta resultando en la perdida de las funciones ecologicas y geologicas de los arrecifes. Con el objetivo de asistir a los administradores de los recursos y de los arrecifes en el establecimiento y medida del progreso hacia metas realistas para la conservacion y restauracion de los arrecifes de coral, examinamos la degradacion de los arrecifes en esta region desde una perspectiva geologica. La importancia de los servicios ambientales proporcionados por los arrecifes de coral - como rompeolas que disipan la fuerza de las olas y protegen las lineas de costa y como proveedores de habitat para innumerables especies - no puede ser exagerada. Sin embargo, las pocas especies de coral responsables de la construccion de arrecifes en el Atlantico oeste durante aproximadamente los ultimos 1.5 millones de anos no estan prosperando en el siglo XXI. Estas especies son altamente sensibles a los extremos abruptos de temperatura, propensas a las enfermedades infecciosas y tienen un potencial bajo de reproduccion sexual. Su vulnerabilidad y la baja redundancia funcional de los corales que forman ramas han llevado a la baja resiliencia de los ecosistemas arrecifales del Atlantico oeste. La disminucion en la cobertura de coral vivo en los ultimos 50 anos resalta la necesidad de estudios sobre los arrecifes relictos (senescentes), los cuales desde la perspectiva de la proteccion de la linea costera y la estructura del habitat, pueden ser igual de importantes de conservar que la capa de corales vivientes. Se necesitan investigaciones para caracterizar los procesos geologicos de bioerosion, cementacion de arrecifes y transporte de sedimentos conforme se relacionan a los cambios contemporaneos en la elevacion de los arrecifes. Por ejemplo, aunque el pez loro (familia Scaridae) remueva macroalgas pesadas, lo que posiblemente promueva el reclutamiento de coral, no va a salvar a los arrecifes del Atlantico de la degradacion geologica. De hecho, estos peces estan mordisqueando rapidamente cantidades significativas de marco de trabajo sobre arrecifes del Holoceno. La pregunta de como la biota diferente que cubre los arrecifes muertos afecta al marco de trabajo sobre resistencia a la erosion fisica y biologica necesita ser atendida. El monitoreo y el manejo de los arrecifes con respecto a la resiliencia fisica, ademas de la resiliencia ecologica, podrian optimizar el gasto de los recursos para la conservacion de los arrecifes del Atlantico y los servicios que proporcionan. Resumen C1 [Kuffner, Ilsa B.; Toth, Lauren T.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Kuffner, IB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ikuffner@usgs.gov OI Kuffner, Ilsa/0000-0001-8804-7847 FU United States Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Hazards Mission Area; Mendenhall Fellowship Program FX Funding to support this work came from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program, the Hazards Mission Area, and the Mendenhall Fellowship Program (award to L.T.T.). We thank regional editor E. Johnston, J. Long, A. Stathakopoulos, and 2 anonymous reviewers for constructive advice in improving the manuscript, particularly one anonymous reviewer who encouraged a more in-depth coverage of the excellent pioneering literature on carbonate budgets. We are grateful for the groundbreaking work of the founding fathers of reef geology, too many to name, who were the first to drill reefs to look beneath the living veneer. We also thank J. Morrison for photography, assistance in preparing the figures, and editing. Any use of trade names herein was for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 110 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 70 U2 109 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 30 IS 4 BP 706 EP 715 DI 10.1111/cobi.12725 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR5MS UT WOS:000379947700004 PM 27029403 ER PT J AU Berger-Tal, O Blumstein, DT Carroll, S Fisher, RN Mesnick, SL Owen, MA Saltz, D St Claire, CC Swaisgood, RR AF Berger-Tal, Oded Blumstein, Daniel T. Carroll, Scott Fisher, Robert N. Mesnick, Sarah L. Owen, Megan A. Saltz, David St Claire, Colleen Cassady Swaisgood, Ronald R. TI A systematic survey of the integration of animal behavior into conservation SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE captive breeding; conservation behavior; dispersal; foraging; heat map; invasive species; learning; reintroduction; aprendizaje; comportamiento en la conservacion; dispersion; especies invasoras; forrajeo; mapa de calor; reintroduccion; reproduccion en cautiverio ID MANAGEMENT; SUCCESS; BIOLOGY; NEED; INTERFACE; HABITAT AB The role of behavioral ecology in improving wildlife conservation and management has been the subject of much recent debate. We sought to answer 2 foundational questions about the current use of behavioral knowledge in conservation: To what extent is behavioral knowledge used in wildlife conservation and management, and how does the use of animal behavior differ among conservation fields in both frequency and types of use? We searched the literature for intersections between key fields of animal behavior and conservation and created a systematic heat map (i.e., graphical representation of data where values are represented as colors) to visualize relative efforts. Some behaviors, such as dispersal and foraging, were commonly considered (mean [SE] of 1147.38 [353.11] and 439.44 [108.85] papers per cell, respectively). In contrast, other behaviors, such as learning, social, and antipredatory behaviors were rarely considered (mean [SE] of 33.88 [7.62], 44.81 [10.65], and 22.69 [6.37] papers per cell, respectively). In many cases, awareness of the importance of behavior did not translate into applicable management tools. Our results challenge previous suggestions that there is little association between the fields of behavioral ecology and conservation and reveals tremendous variation in the use of different behaviors in conservation. We recommend that researchers focus on examining underutilized intersections of behavior and conservation themes for which preliminary work shows a potential for improving conservation and management, translating behavioral theory into applicable and testable predictions, and creating systematic reviews to summarize the behavioral evidence within the behavior-conservation intersections for which many studies exist. Un Censo Sistematico de la Integracion del Comportamiento Animal a la Conservacion El papel de la ecologia conductual en el mejoramiento de la conservacion y el manejo de la fauna ha sido sujeto recientemente a muchas discusiones. Buscamos responder dos preguntas fundamentales acerca del uso actual del conocimiento conductual en la conservacion: Hasta que punto se utiliza el conocimiento conductual en la conservacion y manejo de la fauna y como difiere el uso del comportamiento animal, tanto en frecuencia como en tipos de uso, entre las areas de conservacion? En la literatura buscamos intersecciones entre areas clave de la conservacion y el comportamiento animal y creamos un mapa sistematico de calor (es decir, una representacion grafica de los datos en la que los valores se representan con colores) para visualizar los esfuerzos relativos. Algunos comportamientos, como la dispersion y el forrajeo, se consideraron como comunes (media [SE] de 114.38 [353.11] y 439.44 [108.85] articulos por celda, respectivamente). En contraste, otros comportamientos como el aprendizaje y las conductas sociales y anti-depredadores se consideraron como raras (media [SE] de 33.88 [7.62], 44.81 [10.65] y 22.69 [6.37] articulos por celda, respectivamente). En muchos casos, la deteccion de la importancia del comportamiento no se tradujo en una herramienta aplicable de manejo. Nuestros resultados presentan un reto a las sugerencias previas de que existe poca asociacion entre las areas de la ecologia conductual y la conservacion y revelan una variacion tremenda en el uso de diferentes comportamientos dentro de la conservacion. Recomendamos que los investigadores se enfoquen en examinar intersecciones sub-utilizadas de temas de comportamiento y conservacion para los que el trabajo preliminar muestre un potencial para mejorar la conservacion y el manejo; traduzcan la teoria conductual a predicciones aplicables y evaluables; y creen revisiones sistematicas para resumir la evidencia conductual dentro las intersecciones de comportamiento-conservacion para las que existen muchos estudios. Resumen C1 [Berger-Tal, Oded; Blumstein, Daniel T.; Owen, Megan A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 621 Charles E Young Dr South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Berger-Tal, Oded; Owen, Megan A.; Swaisgood, Ronald R.] San Diego Zoo Global, Appl Anim Ecol Div, Inst Conservat Res, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Rd, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. [Carroll, Scott] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Carroll, Scott] Inst Contemporary Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Mesnick, Sarah L.] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Berger-Tal, Oded; Saltz, David] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Mitrani Dept Desert Ecol, IL-8499000 Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel. [St Claire, Colleen Cassady] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Berger-Tal, O (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 621 Charles E Young Dr South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.; Berger-Tal, O (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Mitrani Dept Desert Ecol, IL-8499000 Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel. EM oded.berger.tal@gmail.com RI Berger-Tal, Oded/P-9189-2014 FU United States-Israel Educational Foundation; [NSF-DEB-1119660] FX This study was designed in a dedicated workshop that took place in November 2013 at the UCLA La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science's field station. O.B.T. was supported by a Fulbright postdoctoral fellowship from the United States-Israel Educational Foundation. D.T.B. was sponsored by NSF-DEB-1119660. We are grateful to R. Zidon for his help in generating the heat maps. The workshop leading to this paper was generously hosted by the UCLA La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 53 U2 79 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 30 IS 4 BP 744 EP 753 DI 10.1111/cobi.12654 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR5MS UT WOS:000379947700008 PM 26548454 ER PT J AU Sells, SN Mitchell, MS Edwards, VL Gude, JA Anderson, NJ AF Sells, Sarah N. Mitchell, Michael S. Edwards, Victoria L. Gude, Justin A. Anderson, Neil J. TI Structured decision making for managing pneumonia epizootics in bighorn sheep SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE bighorn sheep; decision tool; disease; management; Montana; Ovis canadensis; pneumonia; proactive management; risk model; structured decision making ID DISEASE; POPULATION; RISK AB Good decision-making is essential to conserving wildlife populations. Although there may be multiple ways to address a problem, perfect solutions rarely exist. Managers are therefore tasked with identifying decisions that will best achieve desired outcomes. Structured decision making (SDM) is a method of decision analysis used to identify the most effective, efficient, and realistic decisions while accounting for values and priorities of the decision maker. The stepwise process includes identifying the management problem, defining objectives for solving the problem, developing alternative approaches to achieve the objectives, and formally evaluating which alternative is most likely to accomplish the objectives. The SDM process can be more effective than informal decision-making because it provides a transparent way to quantitatively evaluate decisions for addressing multiple management objectives while incorporating science, uncertainty, and risk tolerance. To illustrate the application of this process to a management need, we present an SDM-based decision tool developed to identify optimal decisions for proactively managing risk of pneumonia epizootics in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in Montana. Pneumonia epizootics are a major challenge for managers due to long-term impacts to herds, epistemic uncertainty in timing and location of future epizootics, and consequent difficulty knowing how or when to manage risk. The decision tool facilitates analysis of alternative decisions for how to manage herds based on predictions from a risk model, herd-specific objectives, and predicted costs and benefits of each alternative. Decision analyses for 2 example herds revealed that meeting management objectives necessitates specific approaches unique to each herd. The analyses showed how and under what circumstances the alternatives are optimal compared to other approaches and current management. Managers can be confident that these decisions are effective, efficient, and realistic because they explicitly account for important considerations managers implicitly weigh when making decisions, including competing management objectives, uncertainty in potential outcomes, and risk tolerance. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Sells, Sarah N.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Wildlife Biol Program, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Edwards, Victoria L.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, 3201 Spurgin Rd, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. [Gude, Justin A.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, 1420 East 6th Ave, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Anderson, Neil J.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, 1400 South 19th, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. RP Sells, SN (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Wildlife Biol Program, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM sarahnsells@gmail.com NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 39 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 80 IS 6 BP 957 EP 969 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21088 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DR5RI UT WOS:000379959700001 ER PT J AU Karsch, RC Cain, JW Rominger, EM Goldstein, EJ AF Karsch, Rebekah C. Cain, James W., III Rominger, Eric M. Goldstein, Elise J. TI Desert bighorn sheep lambing habitat: Parturition, nursery, and predation sites SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE birth site; desert bighorn sheep; lamb survival; Ovis canadensis mexicana; parturition; predation; vaginal-implant transmitter ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; MOUNTAIN SHEEP; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; ANTIPREDATOR TACTICS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LARGE HERBIVORES; SELECTION; BIRTH; SURVIVAL; MORTALITY AB Fitness of female ungulates is determined by neonate survival and lifetime reproductive success. Therefore, adult female ungulates should adopt behaviors and habitat selection patterns that enhance survival of neonates during parturition and lactation. Parturition site location may play an important role in neonatal mortality of desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) when lambs are especially vulnerable to predation, but parturition sites are rarely documented for this species. Our objectives were to assess environmental characteristics at desert bighorn parturition, lamb nursery, and predation sites and to assess differences in habitat characteristics between parturition sites and nursery group sites, and predation sites and nursery group sites. We used vaginal implant transmitters (VITs) to identify parturition sites and capture neonates. We then compared elevation, slope, terrain ruggedness, and visibility at parturition, nursery, and lamb predation sites with paired random sites and compared characteristics of parturition sites and lamb predation sites to those of nursery sites. When compared to random sites, odds of a site being a parturition site were highest at intermediate slopes and decreased with increasing female visibility. Odds of a site being a predation site increased with decreasing visibility. When compared to nursery group sites, odds of a site being a parturition site had a quadratic relationship with elevation and slope, with odds being highest at intermediate elevations and intermediate slopes. When we compared predation sites to nursery sites, odds of a site being a predation were highest at low elevation areas with high visibility and high elevation areas with low visibility likely because of differences in hunting strategies of coyote (Canis latrans) and puma (Puma concolor). Parturition sites were lower in elevation and slope than nursery sites. Understanding selection of parturition sites by adult females and how habitat characteristics at these sites differ from those at predation and nursery sites can provide insight into strategies employed by female desert bighorn sheep and other species during and after parturition to promote neonate survival. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Karsch, Rebekah C.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, POB 30003,MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Cain, James W., III] New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, POB 30003,MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88033 USA. [Rominger, Eric M.; Goldstein, Elise J.] New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, 1 Wildlife Way, Santa Fe, NM 87507 USA. [Karsch, Rebekah C.] US Forest Serv, Coronado Natl Forest, 300 West Congress St, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. RP Cain, JW (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, POB 30003,MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88033 USA. EM jwcain@nmsu.edu FU New Mexico Department of Game and Fish; New Mexico Chapter of the Wild Sheep Foundation; Desert Bighorn Council; Houston Safari Club; T E FX Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank J. Ross for her assistance determining pregnancy in female bighorn and inserting VITs and T. T. Turnbull, E. Murray, J. B. Ashling, K. R. Garrison, M. J. Gould, B. Long, M. Overstreet, and J. W. Pitman for assistance with lamb captures and field work. Comments by M. Festa-Bianchet, J. V. Gedir, P. R. Krausman, and an anonymous reviewer improved an earlier draft of this manuscript. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, New Mexico Chapter of the Wild Sheep Foundation, Desert Bighorn Council, the Houston Safari Club, and T & E provided funding and support. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1069 EP 1080 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21092 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DR5RI UT WOS:000379959700012 ER PT J AU Yackulic, CB Ginsberg, JR AF Yackulic, Charles B. Ginsberg, Joshua R. TI The scaling of geographic ranges: implications for species distribution models SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Disequilibrium; Dynamic; Landscape; Metapopulation; Niche; Occupancy; Temporal rates ID 6TH MASS EXTINCTION; PRESENCE-ONLY DATA; PERCEPTUAL RANGE; CONSPECIFIC ATTRACTION; STATISTICAL-MODELS; HABITAT SELECTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOLOGY; NICHE; POPULATIONS AB The geographic ranges of many species are responding to ongoing environmental change. Processes operating at different levels of biological organization, with corresponding spatial extents and grains and temporal rates, interact with the evolving configuration of environmental conditions to determine range dynamics. To synthesize understanding of scales and scaling, including relevant biological levels of organization, focusing on the processes that mediate species-environment relationships and the models used to make inferences about species distributions. We review concepts related to the scaling of geographic ranges and implications for the most commonly used analytic methods, using simple simulations to illustrate important issues. Many processes lead to species distributions being dependent on environmental conditions within sites and within a neighborhood. Studies with large extents and fine grains can cut across several levels of biological organization (individual, within-population, and metapopulation processes) complicating interpretation. Many geographic ranges are not in dynamic equilibrium, but common models used for inference assume equilibrium. Interspecific interactions shape species distributions at multiple scales, and arguments for ignoring species interactions also assume equilibrium. There is a need for timely science to inform policy and management decisions; however, we must also strive to provide predictions that best reflect our understanding of ecological systems. Species distributions evolve through time and reflect responses to environmental conditions that are mediated through individual and population processes. Species distribution models that reflect this understanding, and explicitly model dynamics, are likely to give more accurate predictions. C1 [Yackulic, Charles B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ginsberg, Joshua R.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike,POB AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Yackulic, CB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cyackulic@usgs.gov NR 84 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 15 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1195 EP 1208 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0333-y PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA DR6HZ UT WOS:000380004300004 ER PT J AU Soares, MA Li, HY Kowalski, KP Bergen, M Torres, MS White, JF AF Soares, M. A. Li, H-Y. Kowalski, K. P. Bergen, M. Torres, M. S. White, J. F. TI Functional Role of Bacteria from Invasive Phragmites australis in Promotion of Host Growth SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Achromobacter spanius; Microbacterium oxydans; Lipopeptide; Plant growth promotion ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; ROOT ENDOPHYTES; SALT TOLERANCE; USE EFFICIENCY; COMMON REED; PLANTS; LIPOPEPTIDES; SOIL AB We hypothesize that bacterial endophytes may enhance the competitiveness and invasiveness of Phragmites australis. To evaluate this hypothesis, endophytic bacteria were isolated from P. australis. The majority of the shoot meristem isolates represent species from phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. We chose one species from each phylum to characterize further and to conduct growth promotion experiments in Phragmites. Bacteria tested include Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A9a, Achromobacter spanius B1, and Microbacterium oxydans B2. Isolates were characterized for known growth promotional traits, including indole acetic acid (IAA) production, secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, phosphate solubilization, and antibiosis activity. Potentially defensive antimicrobial lipopeptides were assayed for through application of co-culturing experiments and mass spectrometer analysis. B. amyloliquefaciens A9a and M. oxydans B2 produced IAA. B. amyloliquefaciens A9a secreted antifungal lipopeptides. Capability to promote growth of P. australis under low nitrogen conditions was evaluated in greenhouse experiments. All three isolates were found to increase the growth of P. australis under low soil nitrogen conditions and showed increased absorption of isotopic nitrogen into plants. This suggests that the Phragmites microbes we evaluated most likely promote growth of Phragmites by enhanced scavenging of nitrogenous compounds from the rhizosphere and transfer to host roots. Collectively, our results support the hypothesis that endophytic bacteria play a role in enhancing growth of P. australis in natural populations. Gaining a better understanding of the precise contributions and mechanisms of endophytes in enabling P. australis to develop high densities rapidly could lead to new symbiosis-based strategies for management and control of the host. C1 [Soares, M. A.] Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Dept Bot & Ecol, BR-78060900 Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil. [Li, H-Y.] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Life Sci & Technol, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China. [Kowalski, K. P.] US Geol Survey, Great Ickes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Bergen, M.; Torres, M. S.; White, J. F.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, 59 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Soares, MA (reprint author), Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Dept Bot & Ecol, BR-78060900 Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil. EM drmasoares@gmail.com OI Kowalski, Kurt/0000-0002-8424-4701; Soares, Marcos/0000-0002-8938-3188 FU US Geological Survey; John E. and Christina C. Craighead Foundation; USDA-NIFA Multistate Project [W3147]; New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station; Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT); Department of Plant Biology and Pathology of Rutgers University; Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); International Institute of Science and Technology in Wetlands (INAU) FX The authors are grateful for funding and other support to the US Geological Survey, the John E. and Christina C. Craighead Foundation, USDA-NIFA Multistate Project W3147, The New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, The Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Department of Plant Biology and Pathology of Rutgers University, The Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for Post Doctoral Fellowship, and the International Institute of Science and Technology in Wetlands (INAU). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This article is a contribution of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 EI 1432-184X J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 72 IS 2 BP 407 EP 417 DI 10.1007/s00248-016-0793-x PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA DR2AX UT WOS:000379708500013 PM 27260154 ER PT J AU Childress, CJ Fuller, SA Rawles, SD Beck, BH Gaylord, TG Barrows, FT Mcentire, ME AF Childress, C. J. Fuller, S. A. Rawles, S. D. Beck, B. H. Gaylord, T. G. Barrows, F. T. Mcentire, M. E. TI Lysine supplementation of commercial fishmeal-free diet in hybrid striped bass Morone chrysops x M-saxatilis affects expression of growth-related genes SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE hybrid striped bass; ideal protein; lysine supplementation; myogenin; myostatin ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; PLANT-BASED DIETS; SEA-BASS; MUSCLE GROWTH; AMINO-ACIDS; PROTEIN; DIFFERENTIATION; EFFICIENCY; NUTRITION AB Our recent results in hybrid striped bass (HSB) concluded that ideal protein theory accurately predicts first-limiting amino acids in commercial diet formulations if accurate amino acid availability data are used and that appropriate levels of supplemental lysine are needed to improve fish performance from fishmeal-free diets. Our goal in this study was to elucidate how dietary lysine supplementation of a commercial fishmeal-free diet influences the expression of two genes, myostatin and myogenin, controlling myogenesis in differentially growing groups of HSB. Real-time RT-PCR results in HSB suggest that the levels of lysine added to the diet (17.8, 35.1, 51.0 g kg(-1) of diet) has an impact on myogenin relative to the basal unsupplemented diet, but no effect on myostatin. Moreover, our data further suggest that the amount of dietary lysine supplementation influenced the ratio of myostatin/myogenin expression in HSB and that this pattern mimicked that of most of the growth, composition of growth and nutrient retention data from our previous study and may therefore be a useful marker for selecting fish for improved growth performance. C1 [Childress, C. J.; Fuller, S. A.; Rawles, S. D.; Beck, B. H.; Mcentire, M. E.] ARS, USDA, HKDSNARC, POB 1050,2955 Highway 130 East, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Gaylord, T. G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Dept Interior, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Barrows, F. T.] ARS, USDA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID USA. RP Rawles, SD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, HKDSNARC, POB 1050,2955 Highway 130 East, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM steven.rawles@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS [6225-31630-006-00D]; ARS Headquarters FX We thank USDA/ARS personnel R. Jacobs, T. Bader, M. Barnett, B. Farmer, G. O'Neal and J. Frost for their efforts in this work. This work was made possible by the USDA/ARS under project number 6225-31630-006-00D and an ARS Headquarters funded Post-doctoral Research Associate Program. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mentioning of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1353-5773 EI 1365-2095 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 22 IS 4 BP 738 EP 744 DI 10.1111/anu.12300 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DQ7XJ UT WOS:000379421300002 ER PT J AU Hill, NJ Ma, EJ Meixell, BW Lindberg, MS Boyce, WM Runstadler, JA AF Hill, Nichola J. Ma, Eric J. Meixell, Brandt W. Lindberg, Mark S. Boyce, Walter M. Runstadler, Jonathan A. TI Transmission of influenza reflects seasonality of wild birds across the annual cycle SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza; biological rhythms; bird migration; host contact structure; influenza A virus; migratory cycle; seasonality; transmission networks; viral flow; zoonotic disease ID WHITE-FRONTED GEESE; A VIRUSES; NORTH-AMERICA; INTERSPECIES TRANSMISSION; MIGRATORY BIRDS; DABBLING DUCKS; ALASKA; WATERFOWL; DYNAMICS; REASSORTMENT AB Influenza A Viruses (IAV) in nature must overcome shifting transmission barriers caused by the mobility of their primary host, migratory wild birds, that change throughout the annual cycle. Using a phylogenetic network of viral sequences from North American wild birds (2008-2011) we demonstrate a shift from intraspecific to interspecific transmission that along with reassortment, allows IAV to achieve viral flow across successive seasons from summer to winter. Our study supports amplification of IAV during summer breeding seeded by overwintering virus persisting locally and virus introduced from a wide range of latitudes. As birds migrate from breeding sites to lower latitudes, they become involved in transmission networks with greater connectivity to other bird species, with interspecies transmission of reassortant viruses peaking during the winter. We propose that switching transmission dynamics may be a critical strategy for pathogens that infect mobile hosts inhabiting regions with strong seasonality. C1 [Hill, Nichola J.; Ma, Eric J.; Runstadler, Jonathan A.] MIT, Dept Biol Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hill, Nichola J.; Ma, Eric J.; Runstadler, Jonathan A.] MIT, Div Comparat Med, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Ma, Eric J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Meixell, Brandt W.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Boyce, Walter M.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Runstadler, JA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Biol Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.; Runstadler, JA (reprint author), MIT, Div Comparat Med, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jrun@mit.edu OI Meixell, Brandt/0000-0002-6738-0349 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (K. Trust, Alaska Region, Migratory Bird Management); Delta Waterfowl Foundation; Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research, NIH: CEIRS [HHSN272201400008C, HHSN266200700010C]; UAF: INBRE from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) of NIH [5P20RR016466] FX We thank Mike Petrula (Alaska Department of Fish & Game) for leading fieldwork at Minto Flats and the numerous technicians who assisted. We are indebted to Florian Aldehoff for coordinating screening of samples and database management for the entire study. Thanks to Danny Bystrak (Bird Banding Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey) for supplying banding data. Thanks to Vivien Dugan and David Wentworth at JCVI for viral sequencing. Critical review by John Pearce and Andrew Ramey of the U.S. Geological Survey, and anonymous reviewers helped to improve this manuscript. This study was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (K. Trust, Alaska Region, Migratory Bird Management), Delta Waterfowl Foundation, and the Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research, NIH: CEIRS - HHSN272201400008C (current); and HHSN266200700010C (2007-2014) and UAF: INBRE - 5P20RR016466 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) of NIH. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 18 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 19 IS 8 BP 915 EP 925 DI 10.1111/ele.12629 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR5TW UT WOS:000379966300010 PM 27324078 ER PT J AU Marsh, A Blum, LK Christian, RR Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A AF Marsh, Amanda Blum, Linda K. Christian, Robert R. Ramsey, Elijah, III Rangoonwala, Amina TI Response and resilience of Spartina alterniflora to sudden dieback SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Brown marsh; Marsh balding; Monitoring; Plant spectral analysis; Vegetation cover; Remote sensing ID ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; SEA-LEVEL RISE; COASTAL LOUISIANA; PHYSIOLOGICAL INTEGRATION; VEGETATION DIEBACK; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DROUGHT; REFLECTANCE; DISTURBANCE; RESTORATION AB We measured an array of biophysical and spectral variables to evaluate the response and recovery of Spartina alterniflora to a sudden dieback event in spring and summer 2004 within a low marsh in coastal Virginia, USA. S. alterniflora is a foundation species, whose loss decreases ecosystem services and potentiates ecosystem state change. Long-term records of the potential environmental drivers of dieback such as precipitation and tidal inundation did not evidence any particular anomalies, although Hurricane Isabel in fall 2003 may have been related to dieback. Transects were established across the interface between the dieback area and apparently healthy areas of marsh. Plant condition was classified based on ground cover within transects as dieback, intermediate and healthy. Numerous characteristics of S. alterniflora culms within each condition class were assessed including biomass, morphology and spectral attributes associated with photosynthetic pigments. Plants demonstrated evidence of stress in 2004 and 2005 beyond areas of obvious dieback and resilience at a multi-year scale. Resilience of the plants was evident in recovery of ground cover and biomass largely within 3 y, although a small remnant of dieback persisted for 8 y. Culms surviving within the dieback and areas of intermediate impact had modified morphological traits and spectral response that reflected stress. These morphometric and spectral differences among plant cover condition classes serve as guidelines for monitoring of dieback initiation, effects and subsequent recovery. Although a number of environmental and biotic parameters were assessed relative to causation, the reason for this particular dieback remains largely unknown, however. C1 [Marsh, Amanda; Christian, Robert R.] East Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Marsh, Amanda] CHA Consulting Inc, 1901 Innovat Dr,Suite 2100, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Blum, Linda K.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Ramsey, Elijah, III; Rangoonwala, Amina] USGS, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Marsh, A (reprint author), East Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA.; Marsh, A (reprint author), CHA Consulting Inc, 1901 Innovat Dr,Suite 2100, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM amanda.marsh30@yahoo.com FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0080381, DEB-0621014]; U.S. Geological Survey Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Funds [AE03FBK, GX13SC00FBK]; Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Washington D.C.; Anheuser-Busch Coastal Research Center FX This work was supported in-part by National Science Foundation grants DEB-0080381 and DEB-0621014 to the Virginia Coast Reserve Long-term Ecological Research site. Partial support for this work was provided under U.S. Geological Survey Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Funds (AE03FBK, GX13SC00FBK). We thank The Nature Conservancy, and in particular Barry Truitt, for access to UPC and their general willingness to support science on their property. We also thank the numerous staff, students and volunteers who contributed their time and effort to support this project. We thank Dr. Charles Bachmann at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Washington D.C. and Dr. Arthur Schwarzschild at the Anheuser-Busch Coastal Research Center for providing financial and facilities support. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1400-0350 EI 1874-7841 J9 J COAST CONSERV JI J. Coast. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 20 IS 4 BP 335 EP 350 DI 10.1007/s11852-016-0445-9 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DR0FW UT WOS:000379584400008 ER PT J AU Petersen, S Kraschell, A Augustin, N Jamieson, J Hein, JR Hannington, MD AF Petersen, S. Kraeschell, A. Augustin, N. Jamieson, J. Hein, J. R. Hannington, M. D. TI News from the seabed - Geological characteristics and resource potential of deep-sea mineral resources SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Environmental Standards for Deep Seabed Mining CY MAY 08-09, 2015 CL Arctic Univ Norway, Fac Law, K G Jebsen Ctr Law Sea, Trom, NORWAY HO Arctic Univ Norway, Fac Law, K G Jebsen Ctr Law Sea DE Marine mineral resources; Seabed mining; Manganese nodules; Co-rich Ferromanganese crusts; Seafloor massive sulfides ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; FLOOR HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; MASSIVE SULFIDE FORMATION; EASTERN MANUS BASIN; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; DETACHMENT FAULTS; ENDEAVOR SEGMENT; VENT FIELDS; FUCA RIDGE; ARC AB Marine minerals such as manganese nodules, Co-rich ferromanganese crusts, and seafloor massive sulfides are commonly seen as possible future resources that could potentially add to the global raw materials supply. At present, a proper assessment of these resources is not possible due to a severe lack of information regarding their size, distribution, and composition. It is clear, however, that manganese nodules and Co-rich ferromanganese crusts are a vast resource and mining them could have a profound impact on global metal markets, whereas the global resource potential of seafloor massive sulfides appears to be small. These deep-sea mineral commodities are formed by very different geological processes resulting in deposits with distinctly different characteristics. The geological boundary conditions also determine the size of any future mining operations and the area that will be affected by mining. Similarly, the sizes of the most favorable areas that need to be explored for a global resource assessment are also dependent on the geological environment. Size reaches 38 million km(2) for manganese nodules, while those for Co-rich crusts (1.7 million km(2)) and massive sulfides (3.2 million km(2)) are much smaller. Moreover, different commodities are more abundant in some jurisdictions than in others. While only 19% of the favorable area for manganese nodules lies within the Exclusive Economic Zone of coastal states or is covered by proposals for the extension of the continental shelf, 42% of the favorable areas for massive sulfides and 54% for Co-rich crusts are located in EEZs. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Petersen, S.; Kraeschell, A.; Augustin, N.; Jamieson, J.; Hannington, M. D.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Hein, J. R.] US Geol Survey, PCMSC, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Petersen, S (reprint author), GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. EM spetersen@geomar.de FU European Commission; GEOMAR; Tromso workshop FX This paper describes the geological characteristics of deep-sea mineral resources provided to participants of the "International Workshop on Environmental Standards for Deep-seabed Mining" at the University of Tromso in the spring 2015. It builds on a compilation of data provided to the European Commission in 2014 as part of a report for the European Commission under call FWC MARE/2012/06-SC E2013/04. We gratefully acknowledge funding through the European Commission, the organizers of the Tromso workshop and GEOMAR. The manuscript benefited from comments from an anonymous reviewer. NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 70 BP 175 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.03.012 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA DQ7FE UT WOS:000379371500021 ER PT J AU Bouhlel, S Leach, DL Johnson, CA Marsh, E Salmi-Laouar, S Banks, DA AF Bouhlel, Salah Leach, David L. Johnson, Craig A. Marsh, Erin Salmi-Laouar, Sihem Banks, David A. TI A salt diapir-related Mississippi Valley-type deposit: the Bou Jaber Pb-Zn-Ba-F deposit, Tunisia: fluid inclusion and isotope study SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article DE Fluid inclusions; Laser ablation ICP-MS; C, O, S, Sr, Pb isotopes; Diapir-related MVT Ba-F-Pb-Zn deposit; Bou Jaber; Tunisia ID NORTHERN TUNISIA; ORE-DEPOSITS; NORTHWESTERN TUNISIA; NORTHEASTERN TUNISIA; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; UNITED-STATES; HAMMAM-ZRIBA; MINERALIZATION; SULFUR AB The Bou Jaber Ba-F-Pb-Zn deposit is located at the edge of the Bou Jaber Triassic salt diapir in the Tunisia Salt Diapir Province. The ores are unconformity and fault-controlled and occur as subvertical column-shaped bodies developed in dissolution-collapse breccias and in cavities within the Late Aptian platform carbonate rocks, which are covered unconformably by impermeable shales and marls of the Fahdene Formation (Late Albian-Cenomanian age). The host rock is hydrothermally altered to ankerite proximal to and within the ore bodies. Quartz, as fine-grained bipyramidal crystals, formed during hydrothermal alteration of the host rocks. The ore mineral assemblage is composed of barite, fluorite, sphalerite, and galena in decreasing abundance. The ore zones outline distinct depositional events: sphalerite-galena, barite-ankerite, and fluorite. Fluid inclusions, commonly oil-rich, have distinct fluid salinities and homogenization temperatures for each of these events: sphalerite-galena (17 to 24 wt% NaCl eq., and Th from 112 to 136 A degrees C); ankerite-barite (11 to 17 wt% NaCl eq., and Th from 100 to 130 A degrees C); fluorite (19 to 21 wt% NaCl eq., Th from 140 to 165 A degrees C). The mean temperature of the ore fluids decreased from sphalerite (125 A degrees C) to barite (115 A degrees C) and increased during fluorite deposition (152 A degrees C); then decreased to similar to 110 A degrees C during late calcite precipitation. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of fluid inclusions in fluorite are metal rich (hundreds to thousands ppm Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe) but the inclusions in barite are deficient in Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe. Inclusions in fluorite have Cl/Br and Na/Br ratios of several thousand, consistent with dissolution of halite while the inclusions analysed in barite have values lower than seawater which are indicative of a Br-enriched brine derived from evaporation plus a component of halite dissolution. The salinity of the barite-hosted fluid inclusions is less than obtained simply by the evaporation of seawater to halite saturation and requires a dilution of more than two times by meteoric water. The higher K/Na values in fluid inclusions from barite suggest that the brines interacted with K-rich rocks in the basement or siliciclastic sediments in the basin. Carbonate gangue minerals (ankerite and calcite) have delta C-13 and delta O-18 values that are close to the carbonate host rock and indicate fluid equilibrium between carbonate host rocks and hydrothermal brines. The delta S-34 values for sphalerite and galena fall within a narrow range (1 to 10 aEuro degrees) with a bulk value of 7.5 aEuro degrees, indicating a homogeneous source of sulfur. The delta S-34 values of barite are also relatively homogeneous (22 aEuro degrees), with 6 aEuro degrees higher than the delta S-34 of local and regional Triassic evaporites (15 aEuro degrees). The latter are believed to be the source of sulfate. Temperature of deposition together with sulfur isotope data indicate that the reduced sulfur in sulfides was derived through thermochemical sulfate reduction of Triassic sulfate via hydrocarbons produced probably from Late Cretaceous source rocks. The Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio in the Bou Jaber barite (0.709821 to 0.711408) together with the lead isotope values of Bou Jaber galena (Pb-206/Pb-204 = 18.699 to 18.737; Pb-207/Pb-204 = 15.635 to 15.708 and Pb-208/Pb-204 = 38.321 to 38. 947) show that metals were extracted from homogeneous crustal source(s). The tectonic setting of the Bou Jaber ore deposit, the carbonate nature of the host rocks, the epigenetic style of the mineralization and the mineral associations, together with sulfur and oxygen isotope data and fluid inclusion data show that the Bou Jaber lead-zinc mineralization has the major characteristics of a salt diapir-related Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposit with superimposed events of fluorite and of barite deposition. Field relations are consistent with mineral deposition during the Eocene-Miocene Alpine orogeny from multiple hydrothermal events: (1) Zn-Pb sulfides formed by mixing of two fluids: one fluid metal-rich but reduced sulfur-poor and a second fluid reduced sulfur-rich; (2) barite precipitation involved the influx of a meteoric water component that mixed with a barium-rich fluid; and (3) fluorite precipitated from a highly saline fluid with higher temperatures. C1 [Bouhlel, Salah] Univ Tunis El Manar, Dept Earth Sci, Fac Sci Tunis, UR11ES16, Tunis 2092, Tunisia. [Leach, David L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Johnson, Craig A.; Marsh, Erin] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Salmi-Laouar, Sihem] Univ Badji Mokhtar Annaba, Annaba 23000, Algeria. [Banks, David A.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Bouhlel, S (reprint author), Univ Tunis El Manar, Dept Earth Sci, Fac Sci Tunis, UR11ES16, Tunis 2092, Tunisia. EM salah.bouhlel@gmail.com OI BOUHLEL, Salah/0000-0003-3466-4633 FU CIES/USA, Fulbright program FX We wish to thank Fethi M'Barek, director of the Bou Jaber mine, for his assistance to allow underground sampling. We wish also to thank Cyndi Kester, for assistance during the C, O, and S isotope analysis. The authors thank the following individuals for helpful discussions on the geology and halokinesis of the Tunisian Salt Diapir Province: Habib Belayouni, Said Tlig; Ali Zaier from the University of Tunis El Manar; Ahmed Braham from the Office National des Mines Tunisia and S.M.F. Sheppard from CRPG Nancy and ENS Lyon. Discussions with Pr. Habib Belayouni on the organic matter and mineralization relationships were very helpful. Karen Kelley from the USGS Denver and Bernd Lehman from Technical University of Clausthal are thanked for their constructive discussion and comments on the initial manuscript. Financial aid was provided to Salah Bouhlel by a research grant from the CIES/USA, Fulbright program. NR 122 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 21 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0026-4598 EI 1432-1866 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 51 IS 6 BP 749 EP 780 DI 10.1007/s00126-015-0634-8 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA DR2AY UT WOS:000379708600004 ER PT J AU Shelton, JL McIntosh, JC Warwick, PD McCray, JE AF Shelton, Jenna L. McIntosh, Jennifer C. Warwick, Peter D. McCray, John E. TI Impact of formation water geochemistry and crude oil biodegradation on microbial methanogenesis SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Oil field methane; Hydrogeochemical tracers; Methanogenic crude oil biodegradation ID SUBSURFACE PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; DEEP SUBSURFACE; BIOGENIC METHANE; ANAEROBIC OXIDATION; ISOTOPIC TRACERS; COAL SEAM; BASIN; HYDROCARBONS; CONSTRAINTS AB Converting non-producible crude oil to CH4 via methanogenic crude oil biodegradation in oil reservoirs could serve as one way to increase our energy profile. Yet, field data supporting the direct relationship between methanogenesis and crude oil biodegradation are sparse. Indicators of methanogenesis, based on the formation water and gas geochemistry (e.g. alkalinity, delta C-13-CO2) were compared with indicators of crude oil biodegradation (e.g. pristane/phytane and n-alkane ratios) from wells in the Wilcox Group of Louisiana to determine if increases in extent of methanogenesis were related to increases in extent of crude oil biodegradation. Shallow wells (393-442 m depth) contained highly biodegraded oils associated with low extent of methanogenesis, while the deepest (> 1208 m) wells contained minimally degraded oils and produced fluids suggesting a low extent of methanogenesis. Mid-depth wells (666-857 m) in the central field had the highest indicators of methanogenesis and contained moderately biodegraded oils. Little correlation existed between extents of crude oil biodegradation and methanogenesis across the whole transect (avg. R-2 = 0.13). However, when wells with the greatest extent of crude oil biodegradation were eliminated (3 of 6 oilfields), better correlation between extent of methanogenesis and biodegradation (avg. R-2 = 0.53) was observed. The results suggest that oil quality and salinity impact methanogenic crude oil biodegradation. Reservoirs indicating moderate extent of crude oil biodegradation and high extent of methanogenesis, such as the central field, would be good candidates for attempting to enhance methanogenic crude oil biodegradation as a result of the observations from the study. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shelton, Jenna L.; McCray, John E.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Shelton, Jenna L.; McIntosh, Jennifer C.; Warwick, Peter D.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [McIntosh, Jennifer C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Shelton, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jlshelton@usgs.gov NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 98 BP 105 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.05.008 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DR3DH UT WOS:000379782300009 ER PT J AU Tobias, VD Block, G Laca, EA AF Tobias, V. D. Block, G. Laca, E. A. TI Controlling perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) in a brackish tidal marsh SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; Wetland; Management; Brackish marsh; Imazapyr; Glyphosate ID CORDGRASS SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; SAN-FRANCISCO ESTUARY; SEASONAL WETLAND; MANAGEMENT; IMAZAPYR; PLANTS; RESTORATION; CALIFORNIA; GLYPHOSATE; DYNAMICS AB Perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) is an aggressively invasive species that spreads by vegetative growth and seeds. Common methods for removal such as hand-pulling and mowing are impractical in brackish marsh environments. We evaluated the effects of two herbicide treatments (imazapyr and imazapyr + glyphosate) against a non-herbicide control (flower head removal) on invasive pepperweed and native vegetation in three habitats (bay edge, channel edge, and levee) in brackish marshes. Both herbicide treatments produced significantly better control of pepperweed than the control, but imazapyr alone took 2 years of treatment to produce levels of control that were similar to one year of the imazpyr + glyphosate treatment. Both herbicide treatments also reduced native cover, but the effects were more severe in plots treated with imazapyr + glyphosate than in plots treated with imazapyr alone. Effects on pepperweed were similar across the three habitats, but impacts on native vegetation were less severe in bay edge environments. Managers should consider the tradeoffs when choosing a treatment plan for pepperweed: the quick reduction of pepperweed achieved by the combination of imazapyr and glyphosate may come at the expense of creating opportunities for reinvasion by causing bare ground and/or patches of litter that are slowly recolonized by native species. C1 [Tobias, V. D.; Laca, E. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, One Shields Ave,Plant Sci Mailstop 1, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Block, G.] Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Southwest Reg Inventory & Monitoring Prog, 735B Ctr Blvd, Fairfax, CA 93930 USA. RP Tobias, VD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, One Shields Ave,Plant Sci Mailstop 1, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM vtobias@ucdavis.edu OI Tobias, Vanessa/0000-0003-4872-1643 FU U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Inventory and Monitoring Program; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; California Department of Fish and Wildlife; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Invasives Program; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Coastal Program; Marin-Sonoma Mosquito and Vector Control District FX This experiment was part of a set of studies on perennial pepperweed control at San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge. Funding for these studies was provided by U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Invasives Program, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Coastal Program, and the Marin-Sonoma Mosquito and Vector Control District. We also wish to thank our partners, Point Blue (formerly Point Reyes Bird Observatory)'s Students and Teachers Restoring a Watershed Program, Sonoma Land Trust, Friends of San Pablo Bay NWR, Renee Spenst (Ducks Unlimited), Ingrid Hogle (Invasive Spartina Project), and Shelterbelt Builders. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 EI 1572-9834 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 24 IS 4 BP 411 EP 418 DI 10.1007/s11273-015-9464-9 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DQ6YH UT WOS:000379352300003 ER PT J AU Lacy, JR MacVean, LJ AF Lacy, Jessica R. MacVean, Lissa J. TI Wave attenuation in the shallows of San Francisco Bay SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Wave attenuation; Wave friction factor; Cohesive sediment; Mudflats ID TURBULENCE; ENGLAND; MUDFLAT; SURFACE AB Waves propagating over broad, gently-sloped shallows decrease in height due to frictional dissipation at the bed. We quantified wave-height evolution across 7 km of mudflat in San Pablo Bay (northern San Francisco Bay), an environment where tidal mixing prevents the formation of fluid mud. Wave height was measured along a cross shore transect (elevation range 2 m to + 0.45 m MLLW) in winter 2011 and summer 2012. Wave height decreased more than 50% across the transect. The exponential decay coefficient lambda was inversely related to depth squared (lambda= 6 x 10(-4)h(-2)). The physical roughness length scale k(b), estimated from near-bed turbulence measurements, was 3.5 x 10(-3)m in winter and 1.1 x 10(-2)m in summer. Estimated wave friction factor (f) over cap (w) determined from wave-height data suggests that bottom friction dominates dissipation at high Re-w but not at low Re-w. Predictions of near-shore wave height based on offshore wave height and a rough formulation for f(w) were quite accurate, with errors about half as great as those based on the smooth formulation for f(w). Researchers often assume that the wave boundary layer is smooth for settings with fine-grained sediments. At this site, use of a smooth f(w) results in an underestimate of wave shear stress by a factor of 2 for typical waves and as much as 5 for more energetic waves. It also inadequately captures the effectiveness of the mudflats in protecting the shoreline through wave attenuation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lacy, Jessica R.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [MacVean, Lissa J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lacy, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jlacy@usgs.gov; lissa.macvean@gmail.com FU US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX Thanks to Jenny White, Pete DalFerro, and Joanne Ferreira for supporting field operations, and to Theresa Fregoso for making Fig. 1. The manuscript benefited from review by Li Erikson (USGS) and two anonymous reviewers. This study was funded by the US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 EI 1872-7379 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 114 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2016.03.008 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA DQ1OK UT WOS:000378970100013 ER PT J AU Brewer, SK McManamay, RA Miller, AD Mollenhauer, R Worthington, TA Arsuffi, T AF Brewer, Shannon K. McManamay, Ryan A. Miller, Andrew D. Mollenhauer, Robert Worthington, Thomas A. Arsuffi, Tom TI Advancing Environmental Flow Science: Developing Frameworks for Altered Landscapes and Integrating Efforts Across Disciplines SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Environmental flows; Human influence; Altered landscapes; Economic value of water ID REGULATED CALIFORNIA STREAM; TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE; FRESH-WATER INFLOW; GRAVEL-BED RIVER; CONTINGENT VALUATION; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; NATIVE FISH; WASTE-WATER; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AB Environmental flows represent a legal mechanism to balance existing and future water uses and sustain non-use values. Here, we identify current challenges, provide examples where they are important, and suggest research advances that would benefit environmental flow science. Specifically, environmental flow science would benefit by (1) developing approaches to address streamflow needs in highly modified landscapes where historic flows do not provide reasonable comparisons, (2) integrating water quality needs where interactions are apparent with quantity but not necessarily the proximate factor of the ecological degradation, especially as frequency and magnitudes of inflows to bays and estuaries, (3) providing a better understanding of the ecological needs of native species to offset the often unintended consequences of benefiting non-native species or their impact on flows, (4) improving our understanding of the non-use economic value to balance consumptive economic values, and (5) increasing our understanding of the stakeholder socioeconomic spatial distribution of attitudes and perceptions across the landscape. Environmental flow science is still an emerging interdisciplinary field and by integrating socioeconomic disciplines and developing new frameworks to accommodate our altered landscapes, we should help advance environmental flow science and likely increase successful implementation of flow standards. C1 [Brewer, Shannon K.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [McManamay, Ryan A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Miller, Andrew D.; Mollenhauer, Robert; Worthington, Thomas A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Arsuffi, Tom] Texas Tech Univ, Llano River Field Stn, Junction, TX 76849 USA. RP Brewer, SK (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM skbrewer@usgs.gov FU Oklahoma Water Resources Center housed in the Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources at Oklahoma State University FX This research is a contribution of the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating) and several other Big XII Universities (Kansas State University, West Virginia University, University of Texas, Austin, University of Kansas, Texas Tech University, University of Oklahoma, and Baylor University). Funding was provided by the Oklahoma Water Resources Center housed in the Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources at Oklahoma State University. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank Kansas University for organizing the Big XII Universities Water Workshop. We thank Garey Fox and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on an earlier draft. NR 204 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 58 IS 2 BP 175 EP 192 DI 10.1007/s00267-016-0703-5 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ4FK UT WOS:000379159200001 PM 27177541 ER PT J AU Morway, ED Niswonger, RG Triana, E AF Morway, Eric D. Niswonger, Richard G. Triana, Enrique TI Toward improved simulation of river operations through integration with a hydrologic model SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Conjunctive use; Groundwater-surface water interaction; MODFLOW; MODSIM; River-operations modeling; Integrated environmental modeling (IEM) ID DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEM; SURFACE-GROUNDWATER INTERACTIONS; WATER MANAGEMENT; CONJUNCTIVE USE; PLANNING-MODEL; BASIN; ALLOCATION; RESOURCES; FUTURE; SCALE AB Advanced modeling tools are needed for informed water resources planning and management. Two classes of modeling tools are often used to this end-(1) distributed-parameter hydrologic models for quantifying supply and (2) river-operation models for sorting out demands under rule-based systems such as the prior-appropriation doctrine. Within each of these two broad classes of models, there are many software tools that excel at simulating the processes specific to each discipline, but have historically over-simplified, or at worse completely neglected, aspects of the other. As a result, water managers reliant on river-operation models for administering water resources need improved tools for representing spatially and temporally varying groundwater resources in conjunctive-use systems. A new tool is described that improves the representation of groundwater/surface-water (GW-SW) interaction within a river-operations modeling context and, in so doing, advances evaluation of system-wide hydrologic consequences of new or altered management regimes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). C1 [Morway, Eric D.] US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Niswonger, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Triana, Enrique] MWH Global Inc, 3665 JFK Pkwy Bldg 1,Suite 206, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Morway, ED (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. EM emorway@usgs.gov; rniswon@usgs.gov; Enrique.Triana@us.mwhglobal.com FU Water Sustainability & Climate Program - National Science Foundation [1360506]; U.S. Department of Agriculture/National Institute of Food Agriculture [1360507]; U.S. Geological Survey's Groundwater Resources Program FX We wish to thank Toby Welborn and Sue Buto with U.S. Geological Survey at the Nevada Water Science Center for their assistance helping to set up the hypothetical test model. We also wish to thank Wil de Jong and Stuart Mentzer for their help sorting out Fortran/C# communications. We would like to thank Paul Barlow with the U.S. Geological Survey Office of Groundwater, and three anonymous reviewers, for their timely and insightful colleague review. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Justin Huntington with the Desert Research Institute for providing sensor-based estimates of ET for use by the hypothetical test model and Josh Lee of the Nevada Water Science Center for assisting with the graphics. Research supported by grant from the Water Sustainability & Climate Program jointly funded by the National Science Foundation (1360506) and U.S. Department of Agriculture/National Institute of Food & Agriculture (1360507). Support was also provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Groundwater Resources Program. NR 97 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 82 BP 255 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.04.018 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ1IF UT WOS:000378954000019 ER PT J AU Kahil, MT Ward, FA Albiac, J Eggleston, J Sanz, D AF Kahil, Mohamed Taher Ward, Frank A. Albiac, Jose Eggleston, Jack Sanz, David TI Hydro-economic modeling with aquifer-river interactions to guide sustainable basin management SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydro-economic modeling; Aquifer-river interactions; Climate change; Water policies ID WATER-RESOURCES; SEMIARID REGIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GROUNDWATER; POLICY; SPAIN; ADAPTATION; SCARCITY; DROUGHT AB Policymakers in arid and semiarid basins face hard choices on water policies needed for adaptation to climate change. Hydro-economic modeling is a state-of-the art approach that can be used to guide the design and implementation of these policies in basins. A major gap in developments of hydro economic modeling to date has been the weak integration of physically-based representations of water sources and uses such as the interaction between ground and surface water resources, to inform complex basin scale policy choices. This paper presents an integrated hydro-economic modeling framework to address this gap with application to an important and complex river basin in Spain, the Jucar basin, for the assessment of a range of climate change scenarios and policy choices. Results indicate that in absence of adequate policies protecting water resources and natural ecosystems, water users will strategically deplete reservoirs, aquifers and river flows for short-term adaptation to climate change, disregarding the impacts on the environment and future human activities. These impacts can be addressed by implementing sustainable management policies. However, these policies could have disproportionate costs for some stakeholders groups, and their opposition may undermine attempts at sustainable policy. These tradeoffs among water policy choices are important guides to the design of policies aimed at basin wide adaptation to climate change. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kahil, Mohamed Taher] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal IIASA, Water Program, Laxenburg, Austria. [Ward, Frank A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Albiac, Jose] CITA Govt Aragon, Dept Agr Econ, Zaragoza, Spain. [Eggleston, Jack] US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. [Sanz, David] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Inst Reg Dev, Albacete, Spain. RP Albiac, J (reprint author), CITA Government Aragon, Dept Agr Econ, Agrifood Res & Technol Ctr, Av Montanana 930, Zaragoza 50059, Spain. EM mt.kahil@gmail.com; fward@nmsu.edu; maella@unizar.es; jegglest@usgs.gov; David.Sanz@uclm.es RI Albiac, Jose/J-8827-2012; OI Sanz, David/0000-0002-1629-2875; Kahil, Mohamed Taher/0000-0002-7812-5271 FU INIA from Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness - ERDF funds [RTA2010-00109-C04, RTA2014-00050-00-00]; MAPFRE Foundation [BIL/13/MA/072] FX Support for this research was provided by projects INIA RTA2010-00109-C04 and INIA RTA2014-00050-00-00 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness partially financed by ERDF funds, and project BIL/13/MA/072 from MAPFRE Foundation. The work leading to this paper was carried out when the first author was a Ph.D researcher at the Agrifood Research and Technology Center (CITA-Government of Aragon). NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 539 BP 510 EP 524 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.057 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DQ1IC UT WOS:000378953700039 ER PT J AU Jalilov, SM Keskinen, M Varis, O Amer, S Ward, FA AF Jalilov, Shokhrukh-Mirzo Keskinen, Marko Varis, Olli Amer, Saud Ward, Frank A. TI Managing the water-energy-food nexus: Gains and losses from new water development in Amu Darya River Basin SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydro-economic model; Water-energy-food nexus; Rogun; Nurek; Amu Darya; Central Asia ID ARAL SEA REGION; CENTRAL-ASIA; SECURITY; MANAGEMENT; ALLOCATION; LAND; DAMS AB According to the UN, the population of Central Asia will increase from its current approximately 65 million people to a well over 90 million by the end of this century. Taking this increasing population into consideration, it is impossible to project development strategies without considering three key factors in meeting the demands of a growing population: water, food and energy. Societies will have to choose, for instance, between using land and fertilizer for food production or for bio-based or renewable energy production, and between using fresh water for energy production or for irrigating crops. Thus water, food and energy are inextricably linked and must be considered together as a system. Recently, tensions among the Central Asian countries over the use of water for energy and energy production have increased with the building of Rogun Dam on the Vakhsh River, a tributary of the Amu Darya River. The dam will provide upstream Tajikistan with hydropower, while downstream countries fear it could negatively impact their irrigated agriculture. Despite recent peer reviewed literature on water resources management in Amu Darya Basin, none to date have addressed the interconnection and mutual impacts within water-energy-food systems in face of constructing the Rogun Dam. We examine two potential operation modes of the dam: Energy Mode (ensuring Tajikistan's hydropower needs) and Irrigation Mode (ensuring water for agriculture downstream). Results show that the Energy Mode could ensure more than double Tajikistan's energy capacity, but would reduce water availability during the growing season, resulting in an average 37% decline in agricultural benefits in downstream countries. The Irrigation Mode could bring a surplus in agricultural benefits to Tajikistan and Uzbekistan in addition an increasing energy benefits in Tajikistan by two fold. However, energy production in the Irrigation Mode would be non-optimally distributed over the seasons resulting in the most of hydropower being produced during the growing season. Neither operation mode provides optimal benefits for all the countries, emphasizing how difficult it is to actually reach a win-win scenario across the water-energy-food security nexus in transboundary river basins. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jalilov, Shokhrukh-Mirzo; Keskinen, Marko; Varis, Olli] Aalto Univ, Water & Dev Res Grp, Aalto, Finland. [Amer, Saud] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Ward, Frank A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Jalilov, SM (reprint author), Aalto Univ, Water & Dev Res Grp, Aalto, Finland. EM sjalilov@gmail.com RI Keskinen, Marko/B-2886-2012 OI Keskinen, Marko/0000-0001-5236-2327 FU Academy of Finland [269901]; Finnish Cultural Foundation FX This article forms a part of the research carried out under the Academy of Finland - funded NexusAsia project [#269901]. In addition, Olli Varis received funding from Finnish Cultural Foundation. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 36 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 539 BP 648 EP 661 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.071 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DQ1IC UT WOS:000378953700050 ER PT J AU Chow, NA Griffin, DW Barker, BM Loparev, VN Litvintseva, AP AF Chow, Nancy A. Griffin, Dale W. Barker, Bridget M. Loparev, Vladimir N. Litvintseva, Anastasia P. TI Molecular detection of airborne Coccidioides in Tucson, Arizona SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coccidioides; Valley fever; atmospheric sampling; air/dust samples; molecular detection ID FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; IMMITIS; SOIL; CALIFORNIA; OUTBREAK; DUST; USA; MICROORGANISMS; IDENTIFICATION; SURVEILLANCE AB Environmental surveillance of the soil-dwelling fungus Coccidioides is essential for the prevention of Valley fever, a disease primarily caused by inhalation of the arthroconidia. Methods for collecting and detecting Coccidioides in soil samples are currently in use by several laboratories; however, a method utilizing current air sampling technologies has not been formally demonstrated for the capture of airborne arthroconidia. In this study, we collected air/dust samples at two sites (Site A and Site B) in the endemic region of Tucson, Arizona, and tested a variety of air samplers and membrane matrices. We then employed a single-tube nested qPCR assay for molecular detection. At both sites, numerous soil samples (n = 10 at Site A and n = 24 at Site B) were collected and Coccidioides was detected in two samples (20%) at Site A and in eight samples (33%) at Site B. Of the 25 air/dust samples collected at both sites using five different air sampling methods, we detected Coccidioides in three samples from site B. All three samples were collected using a high-volume sampler with glass-fiber filters. In this report, we describe these methods and propose the use of these air sampling and molecular detection strategies for environmental surveillance of Coccidioides. C1 [Chow, Nancy A.; Litvintseva, Anastasia P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Griffin, Dale W.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Barker, Bridget M.] Translat Genom Res Inst, Div Pathogen Genom, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Barker, Bridget M.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Barker, Bridget M.] Univ Arizona, Valley Fever Ctr Excellence, Tucson, AZ USA. [Loparev, Vladimir N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chow, NA; Litvintseva, AP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM yln3@cdc.gov; frq8@cdc.gov FU CDC FX All funding came from internal CDC funding. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 EI 1460-2709 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 54 IS 6 BP 584 EP 592 DI 10.1093/mmy/myw022 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA DQ5HM UT WOS:000379235900004 PM 27143633 ER PT J AU Herman, MW Furlong, KP Hayes, GP Benz, HM AF Herman, Matthew W. Furlong, Kevin P. Hayes, Gavin P. Benz, Harley M. TI Foreshock triggering of the 1 April 2014 Mw 8.2 Iquique, Chile, earthquake SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Peru-Chile subduction zone; 2014 Iquique earthquake; foreshocks; Coulomb stress change; aseismic slip ID SAN-ANDREAS-FAULT; SEQUENCE; STRESS; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDE; PACIFIC; FAILURE; ZONE AB On April 1st, 2014, a Mw 8.2 (U.S. Geological Survey moment magnitude) earthquake occurred in the subduction zone offshore northern Chile. In the two weeks leading up to the earthquake, a sequence of foreshocks, starting with a Mw 6.7 earthquake on March 16th and including three more Mw 6.0+ events, occurred predominantly south of the April 1st mainshock epicenter and up-dip of the area of significant slip during the mainshock. Using earthquake locations and source parameters derived in a previous study (Hayes et al., 2014) and a Coulomb failure stress change analysis of these events, we assess in detail the hypothesis that the earthquakes occurred as a cascading sequence, each event successively triggering the next, ultimately triggering the rupture of the mainshock. Following the initial Mw 6.7 event, each of the three largest foreshocks (Mw 6.4, 6.2 and 6.3), as well as the hypocenter of the mainshock, occurred in a region of positive Coulomb stress change produced by the preceding events, indicating these events were brought closer to failure by the prior seismicity. In addition, we reexamine the possibility that aseismic slip occurred and what role it may have played in loading the plate boundary. Using horizontal GPS displacements from along the northern Chile coast prior to the mainshock, we find that the foreshock seismicity alone likely does not account for the observed signals. We perform a grid search for the location and magnitude of an aseismic slip patch that can account for the difference between observed signals and foreshock-related displacement, and find that a slow slip region with slip corresponding to a Mw 6.8 earthquake located coincident with or up-dip of the foreshock seismicity can best explain this discrepancy. Additionally, such a slow slip region positively loads the mainshock hypocentral area, enhancing the positive loading produced by the foreshock seismicity. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Herman, Matthew W.; Furlong, Kevin P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hayes, Gavin P.; Benz, Harley M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Herman, MW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mwh5316@psu.edu; kevin@geodyn.psu.edu; ghayes@usgs.gov; benz@usgs.gov RI GEOFON, GlobalSeismicNetwork/E-4273-2012 FU NASA [15-EARTH15R-0096] FX This work was supported by NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship 15-EARTH15R-0096. Many of the figures in this manuscript were created using the Generic Mapping Tools (Wessel and Smith, 1991). We thank J. Nealy and two anonymous reviewers for constructive reviews that helped improve this manuscript. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 447 BP 119 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.04.020 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DP4AS UT WOS:000378438400012 ER PT J AU Anderson, KR Poland, MP AF Anderson, Kyle R. Poland, Michael P. TI Bayesian estimation of magma supply, storage, and eruption rates using a multiphysical volcano model: Kilauea Volcano, 2000-2012 SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bayes; joint inverse; magma supply rate; eruption rate; Kilauea; volatile content ID EAST RIFT-ZONE; MAUNA-LOA; HAWAII; RESERVOIR; DEFORMATION; INFLATION; DYNAMICS; SHEAR; LAVA AB Estimating rates of magma supply to the world's volcanoes remains one of the most fundamental aims of volcanology. Yet, supply rates can be difficult to estimate even at well-monitored volcanoes, in part because observations are noisy and are usually considered independently rather than as part of a holistic system. In this work we demonstrate a technique for probabilistically estimating time-variable rates of magma supply to a volcano through probabilistic constraint on storage and eruption rates. This approach utilizes Bayesian joint inversion of diverse datasets using predictions from a multiphysical volcano model, and independent prior information derived from previous geophysical, geochemical, and geological studies. The solution to the inverse problem takes the form of a probability density function which takes into account uncertainties in observations and prior information, and which we sample using a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Applying the technique to Kilauea Volcano, we develop a model which relates magma flow rates with deformation of the volcano's surface, sulfur dioxide emission rates, lava flow field volumes, and composition of the volcano's basaltic magma. This model accounts for effects and processes mostly neglected in previous supply rate estimates at Kilauea, including magma compressibility, loss of sulfur to the hydrothermal system, and potential magma storage in the volcano's deep rift zones. We jointly invert data and prior information to estimate rates of supply, storage, and eruption during three recent quasi-steady-state periods at the volcano. Results shed new light on the time-variability of magma supply to Kilauea, which we find to have increased by 35-100% between 2001 and 2006 (from 0.11-0.17 to 0.18-0.28 km(3)/yr), before subsequently decreasing to 0.08-0.12 km(3)/yr by 2012. Changes in supply rate directly impact hazard at the volcano, and were largely responsible for an increase in eruption rate of 60-150% between 2001 and 2006, and subsequent decline by as much as 60% by 2012. We also demonstrate the occurrence of temporal changes in the proportion of Kilauea's magma supply that is stored versus erupted, with the supply "surge" in 2006 associated with increased accumulation of magma at the summit. Finally, we are able to place some constraints on sulfur concentrations in Kilauea magma and the scrubbing of sulfur by the volcano's hydrothermal system. Multiphysical, Bayesian constraint on magma flow rates may be used to monitor evolving volcanic hazard not just at Kilauea but at other volcanoes around the world. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Anderson, Kyle R.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Anderson, Kyle R.] US Geol Survey, Calif Volcano Observ, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Poland, Michael P.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Anderson, KR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Volcano Observ, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kranderson@usgs.gov OI Anderson, Kyle/0000-0001-8041-3996 FU USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program FX We thank the scientists and staff of the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory for their work gathering and interpreting the data on which studies such as this are based. Discussions with Jeff Sutton, Marie Edmonds, and others, and reviews by Roger Denlinger, Andy Hooper, and one anonymous reviewer, materially improved the quality of this manuscript. This work was supported by the USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 447 BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.04.029 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DP4AS UT WOS:000378438400016 ER PT J AU Clift, PD Giosan, L East, AE AF Clift, Peter D. Giosan, Liviu East, Amy E. TI Comment on "Geochemistry of buried river sediments from Ghaggar Plains, NW India: Multi-proxy records of variations in provenance, paleoclimate, and paleovegetation patterns in the late quaternary" by Ajit Singh, Debajyoti Paul, Rajiv Sinha, Kristina J. Thomsen, Sanjeev Gupta SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID EROSION; SARASWATI; HIMALAYA C1 [Clift, Peter D.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Giosan, Liviu] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [East, Amy E.] US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Clift, PD (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, E235 Howe Russell, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM pclift@lsu.edu OI Clift, Peter/0000-0001-6660-6388 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD AUG 1 PY 2016 VL 455 BP 65 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.05.001 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA DP3ZX UT WOS:000378436200006 ER PT J AU Birtwistle, AN Laituri, M Bledsoe, B Friedman, JM AF Birtwistle, Amy N. Laituri, Melinda Bledsoe, Brian Friedman, Jonathan M. TI Using NDVI to measure precipitation in semi-arid landscapes SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); Yuma proving ground; Landsat TM; Sonoran desert; Monsoon season; Ephemeral stream channels ID NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SONORAN DESERT; SOIL-MOISTURE; ECOSYSTEMS; RAINFALL; VARIABILITY; RESPONSES; REGION AB Measuring precipitation in semi-arid landscapes is important for understanding the processes related to rainfall and run-off; however, measuring precipitation accurately can often be challenging especially within remote regions where precipitation instruments are scarce. Typically, rain-gauges are sparsely distributed and research comparing rain-gauge and RADAR precipitation estimates reveal that RADAR data are often misleading, especially for monsoon season convective storms. This study investigates an alternative way to map the spatial and temporal variation of precipitation inputs along ephemeral stream channels using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery. NDVI values from 26 years of pre- and post-monsoon season Landsat imagery were derived across Yuma Proving Ground (YPG), a region covering 3,367 km(2) of semiarid landscapes in southwestern Arizona, USA. The change in NDVI from a pre-to post-monsoon season image along ephemeral stream channels explained 73% of the variance in annual monsoonal precipitation totals from a nearby rain gauge. In addition, large seasonal changes in NDVI along channels were useful in determining when and where flow events have occurred. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Birtwistle, Amy N.; Laituri, Melinda] Colorado State Univ, Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bledsoe, Brian] Univ Georgia, Coll Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Friedman, Jonathan M.] US Geol Survey, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Laituri, M (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM amy.birtwistle@gmail.com; melinda.laituri@colostate.edu; bbledsoe@uga.edu; friedmanj@usgs.gov OI Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-1329-0663 FU Department of Defense, Strategic Environmental Research and Development program (SERDP) under the Resource Conservation and Climate Change program area [RC-1727] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Department of Defense, Strategic Environmental Research and Development program (SERDP; www.serdg.org), under the Resource Conservation and Climate Change program area, project RC-1727. Special appreciation is directed towards Lainie Levick (USDA-ARS, Tucson, AZ), Samantha Hammer and Russell Lyon (University of Arizona), and Dr. Paul Evangelista, Dr. David Cooper, Joshua Faulconer, and Jeremy Shaw from Colorado State University for their support and guidance in this work. Eric Schmidt also deserves acknowledgment for his assistance in writing the Python script used in this research. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 131 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.04.004 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO4DM UT WOS:000377732000003 ER PT J AU Cortez, M Goertz, CEC Gill, VA Davis, RW AF Cortez, Michelle Goertz, Caroline E. C. Gill, Verena A. Davis, Randall W. TI Development of an altricial mammal at sea: II. Energy budgets of female sea otters and their pups in Simpson Bay, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Energy budget; Alaska; Enhydra lutris; Maternal care; Pup development; Sea otter ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS PUPS; MIXED-SEDIMENT BENTHOS; NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; MATERNAL INVESTMENT; TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; LACTATION STRATEGY AB Lactation is a critical and energetically expensive period of reproduction, especially for female sea otters (Enhydra lutris) and their pups, both of which have resting metabolic rates that are ca. 2.5-fold higher than terrestrial mammals of similar size. The simultaneous energy budgets for female Alaskan sea otters and their pups during the first three months postpartum were calculated based on published activity budgets for wild animals and metabolic rates for specific behaviors of captive sea otters. Pups were classified into three behavioral/size categories: Category 1 (C1) 0-<4 wk. old; Category 2 (C2) 4-<8 wk. old; and Category 3 (C3) 8-12 wk. Energy for growth (Energy(growth)) averaged 0.0416 MJ day(-1) for all pups. The combined daily energy expenditure to support resting metabolism and activity (Energ(r) (+) (a)) for Cl and C2 pups was 1.31 and 2.61 MJ day(-1), respectively, of which most (C1: 99%; C2: 84%) was associated with resting-equivalent behaviors (i.e., resting, nursing and being groomed by the female). Energy(r + a) for C3 pups was 4.62 MJ day(-1) of which 49% was associated with resting equivalent behaviors, while 35% was associated with active behaviors (i.e., feeding, swimming and grooming). The underlying resting metabolic rate for all behaviors represented 100% of Energy(ingest) for Cl, 94% for C2 and 85% for C3 pups. Energy(r + a) for all females was similar regardless of pup age and averaged 10.88 MJ day(-1) (range 10.79-11.03). Energy, a for Cl females was associated mainly with self-grooming and pup grooming (30%) and swimming (25%), while only 10% was associated with feeding. Energy(r + a) for C3 females was mainly associated with feeding (37%) with less energy devoted to swimming (10%) and grooming (14%). Lactation energy (Energy(lactation)) in C3 females was 3.5-fold greater than in Cl females. Ingested energy for Cl females was 19.55 MJ day(-1), which increased to 22.13 MJ day(-1) for C2 females and 26.53 MJ day(-1) for C3 females. As with maps, the underlying resting metabolic rate for all female behaviors represented 70% of Energyingest for Cl females and 72% for C2 and C3 females. Hence, thermogenesis dominated the metabolism of female sea otters as with their pups. These results provide a quantitative picture of the energetics of Alaskan female sea otters and their pups during early pup rearing in a species that has one of the highest mass specific resting metabolic rates of any mammal and the most altricial neonate born at sea. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cortez, Michelle; Davis, Randall W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, OCSB, 200 Seawolf Pkwy, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Goertz, Caroline E. C.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Gill, Verena A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 East Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Gill, Verena A.] Ocean Energy Management, 3801 Centerpoint Circle, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Cortez, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, OCSB, 200 Seawolf Pkwy, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. EM michellecrtz@gmail.com FU Texas AM University FX This study was funded by Texas A&M University. The funding source had no involvement in the study design, collection, analysis of data, writing of manuscript or decision where/if to publish. NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 27 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 481 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2016.03.018 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DN8HT UT WOS:000377320500011 ER PT J AU Stephan, K Wagner, R Jaumann, R Clark, RN Cruikshank, DP Brown, RH Giese, B Roatsch, T Filacchione, G Matson, D Ore, CD Capaccioni, F Baines, KH Rodriguez, S Krupp, N Buratti, BJ Nicholson, PD AF Stephan, Katrin Wagner, Roland Jaumann, Ralf Clark, Roger N. Cruikshank, Dale P. Brown, Robert H. Giese, Bernd Roatsch, Thomas Filacchione, Gianrico Matson, Dennis Ore, Cristina Dalle Capaccioni, Fabrizio Baines, Kevin H. Rodriguez, Sebastien Krupp, Norbert Buratti, Bonnie J. Nicholson, Phil D. TI Cassini's geological and compositional view of Tethys SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Saturn; Satellites surfaces; Geological processes; Ices; IR spectroscopy ID SATURNS ICY SATELLITES; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; CRATERING HISTORY; IMAGING SCIENCE; VIMS; MIMAS; RHEA; ENCELADUS; DIONE; SYSTEM AB The Saturnian satellite Tethys exhibits geological and spectral properties, whose appearance, nature and spatial distribution partly mirror those identified on the neighboring satellites Dione and Rhea or fit to the picture how spectral surface properties are expected to change from one satellite to the other within the inner Saturnian system. However, we also identified spectral variations that are unique in the Saturnian system. Whereas geologically young surface features are characterized by pure H2O-ice composition with relatively large particles, which match the particle sizes measured for fresh surface features also on Dione and Rhea, geologically old weathered regions are dominated by submicron-sized ice particles. Our investigations confirm that the Odysseus impact event did not cause the formation of Tethys' extended graben system Ithaca Chasma. On the contrary, Odysseus might be responsible for the N-S trending 'icy' bands that mark Tethys' surface in the center of its leading and trailing hemisphere. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Stephan, Katrin; Wagner, Roland; Jaumann, Ralf; Giese, Bernd; Roatsch, Thomas] DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Jaumann, Ralf] Free Univ Berlin, Dept Earth Sci, Inst Geosci, Berlin, Germany. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cruikshank, Dale P.; Ore, Cristina Dalle] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Filacchione, Gianrico; Capaccioni, Fabrizio; Buratti, Bonnie J.] INAF IAPS, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Matson, Dennis] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Baines, Kevin H.] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rodriguez, Sebastien] Univ Paris 07, CEA Saclay, Lab AIM, CNRS,DSM,IRFU,SAp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Krupp, Norbert] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Nicholson, Phil D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Stephan, K (reprint author), DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. EM Katrin.Stephan@dlr.de RI Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016; OI Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055 NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2016 VL 274 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.03.002 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DL8IM UT WOS:000375885700001 ER PT J AU Lee, MJ Shevliakova, E Malyshev, S Milly, PCD Jaffe, PR AF Lee, Minjin Shevliakova, Elena Malyshev, Sergey Milly, P. C. D. Jaffe, Peter R. TI Climate variability and extremes, interacting with nitrogen storage, amplify eutrophication risk SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE climate variability; nitrogen storage; Chesapeake Bay; dry spells; nitrogen-load anomalies; watershed modeling ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NORTHEASTERN USA; WATER-QUALITY; LAND-USE; HYPOXIA; MODEL; TRENDS; EXPORT; CONSEQUENCES AB Despite 30years of basin-wide nutrient-reduction efforts, severe hypoxia continues to be observed in the Chesapeake Bay. Here we demonstrate the critical influence of climate variability, interacting with accumulated nitrogen (N) over multidecades, on Susquehanna River dissolved nitrogen (DN) loads, known precursors of the hypoxia in the Bay. We used the process model LM3-TAN (Terrestrial and Aquatic Nitrogen), which is capable of capturing both seasonal and decadal-to-century changes in vegetation-soil-river N storage, and produced nine scenarios of DN-load distributions under different short-term scenarios of climate variability and extremes. We illustrate that after 1 to 3 yearlong dry spells, the likelihood of exceeding a threshold DN load (56ktyr(-1)) increases by 40 to 65% due to flushing of N accumulated throughout the dry spells and altered microbial processes. Our analyses suggest that possible future increases in climate variability/extremesspecifically, high precipitation occurring after multiyear dry spellscould likely lead to high DN-load anomalies and hypoxia. C1 [Lee, Minjin] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Shevliakova, Elena; Malyshev, Sergey; Milly, P. C. D.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Milly, P. C. D.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. [Jaffe, Peter R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Lee, MJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM minjinl@princeton.edu FU Fulbright Scholarship; Princeton Environmental Institute at Princeton University through the Mary and Randall Hack '69 Research Fund; Korean National Institute of Environmental Research; NOAA (U.S. Department of Commerce) [NA08OAR4320752] FX The daily mean river flows from USGS are available at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/dv?cb_00060=on & last access: 25 September 2015. The anthropogenic N inputs from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency are available at http://ches.communitymodeling.org/models/CBPhase5/datalibrary/model-inpu t.php; last access: 7 June 2016. The seasonal and annual river flows and DN loads were obtained from SRBC SNAP by personal communication with K. McGonigal. The annual CO2 concentrations from the NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory are available at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/global.html; last access: 25 September 2015. The historical crests from NOAA NWS are available at http://water.weather.gov/ahps2/crests.php?wfo=ctp & last access: 25 September 2015. The average summer volumes of "Dead Zone" in Chesapeake Bay from 1985 to 2013 were available at http://mddnr.chesapeakebay.net/eye-sonthebay/documents/DeadZoneStatus_Su mmer2013.pdf, and can be obtained by personal communication, as the website is currently under construction. Support for M. Lee was provided by a Fulbright Scholarship, by the Princeton Environmental Institute at Princeton University through the Mary and Randall Hack '69 Research Fund, by the Korean National Institute of Environmental Research, and by the NOAA (U.S. Department of Commerce) grant NA08OAR4320752. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 14 BP 7520 EP 7528 DI 10.1002/2016GL069254 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DV9VL UT WOS:000383290200029 ER PT J AU Draheim, HM Moore, JA Etter, D Winterstein, SR Scribner, KT AF Draheim, Hope M. Moore, Jennifer A. Etter, Dwayne Winterstein, Scott R. Scribner, Kim T. TI Detecting black bear source-sink dynamics using individual-based genetic graphs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE source-sink dynamics; graph theory; genetic relatedness; black bear; connectivity ID LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; ESTIMATING RELATEDNESS; HABITAT PATCHES; CONSERVATION; NETWORK; FLOW; METAPOPULATIONS; ADAPTATION; DEMOGRAPHY AB Source sink dynamics affects population connectivity, spatial genetic structure and population viability for many species. We introduce a novel approach that uses individual-based genetic graphs to identify source sink areas within a continuously distributed population of black bears (Ursus americanus) in the northern lower peninsula (NLP) of Michigan, USA. Black bear harvest samples (n = 569, from 2002, 2006 and 2010) were genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci and locations were compared across years to identify areas of consistent occupancy over time. We compared graph metrics estimated for a genetic model with metrics from 10 ecological models to identify ecological factors that were associated with sources and sinks. We identified 62 source nodes, 16 of which represent important source areas (net flux > 0.7) and 79 sink nodes. Source strength was significantly correlated with bear local harvest density (a proxy for bear density) and habitat suitability. Additionally, resampling simulations showed our approach is robust to potential sampling bias from uneven sample dispersion. Findings demonstrate black bears in the NLP exhibit asymmetric gene flow, and individual-based genetic graphs can characterize source sink dynamics in continuously distributed species in the absence of discrete habitat patches. Our findings warrant consideration of undetected source sink dynamics and their implications on harvest management of game species. C1 [Draheim, Hope M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Forens Lab, 1490 E Main St, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Moore, Jennifer A.] Grand Valley State Univ, Dept Biol, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. [Etter, Dwayne] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Div, 8562 E Stoll Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Winterstein, Scott R.; Scribner, Kim T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Draheim, HM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Forens Lab, 1490 E Main St, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. EM hdraheim@gmail.com FU Michigan Department of Natural Resources through the Wildlife and Sportfish Restoration Program [F11AF00640]; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Michigan State University FX Support for this project was provided by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources through the Wildlife and Sportfish Restoration Program F11AF00640 and by the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Michigan State University. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 27 PY 2016 VL 283 IS 1835 AR 20161002 DI 10.1098/rspb.2016.1002 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DU7YP UT WOS:000382430800016 ER PT J AU Diehl, RH Valdez, EW Preston, TM Wellik, MJ Cryan, PM AF Diehl, Robert H. Valdez, Ernest W. Preston, Todd M. Wellik, Michael J. Cryan, Paul M. TI Evaluating the Effectiveness of Wildlife Detection and Observation Technologies at a Solar Power Tower Facility SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RADAR; MIGRATION; INSECTS; BIRDS; FLIGHT; PATTERNS; TARGETS; VISION AB Solar power towers produce electrical energy from sunlight at an industrial scale. Little is known about the effects of this technology on flying animals and few methods exist for automatically detecting or observing wildlife at solar towers and other tall anthropogenic structures. Smoking objects are sometimes observed co-occurring with reflected, concentrated light ("solar flux") in the airspace around solar towers, but the identity and origins of such objects can be difficult to determine. In this observational pilot study at the world's largest solar tower facility, we assessed the efficacy of using radar, surveillance video, and insect trapping to detect and observe animals flying near the towers. During site visits in May and September 2014, we monitored the airspace surrounding towers and observed insects, birds, and bats under a variety of environmental and operational conditions. We detected and broadly differentiated animals or objects moving through the airspace generally using radar and near solar towers using several video imaging methods. Video revealed what appeared to be mostly small insects burning in the solar flux. Also, we occasionally detected birds flying in the solar flux but could not accurately identify birds to species or the types of insects and small objects composing the vast majority of smoking targets. Insect trapping on the ground was somewhat effective at sampling smaller insects around the tower, and presence and abundance of insects in the traps generally trended with radar and video observations. Traps did not tend to sample the larger insects we sometimes observed flying in the solar flux or found dead on the ground beneath the towers. Some of the methods we tested (e.g., video surveillance) could be further assessed and potentially used to automatically detect and observe flying animals in the vicinity of solar towers to advance understanding about their effects on wildlife. C1 [Diehl, Robert H.; Preston, Todd M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Valdez, Ernest W.; Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Wellik, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Diehl, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM rhdiehl@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey Quick Response Program FX This study was funded by the US Geological Survey Quick Response Program to RHD, PMC, and EWV. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 27 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 7 AR e0158115 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0158115 PG 29 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DT5IJ UT WOS:000381515900006 PM 27462989 ER PT J AU Lowrey, C Longshore, K Riddle, B Mantooth, S AF Lowrey, Christopher Longshore, Kathleen Riddle, Brett Mantooth, Stacy TI Ecology, distribution, and predictive occurrence modeling of Palmer's chipmunk (Tamias palmeri): a high-elevation small mammal endemic to the Spring Mountains in southern Nevada, USA SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE abiotic; Basin and Range; biotic; GIS; habitat associations; scale; Sciuridae; small mammals; survival ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREAT-BASIN; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; PREDATION RISK; HABITAT; DYNAMICS; RANGE; AVAILABILITY AB Although montane sky islands surrounded by desert scrub and shrub steppe comprise a large part of the biological diversity of the Basin and Range Province of southwestern North America, comprehensive ecological and population demographic studies for high-elevation small mammals within these areas are rare. Here, we examine the ecology and population parameters of the Palmer's chipmunk (Tamias palmeri) in the Spring Mountains of southern Nevada, and present a predictive GIS-based distribution and probability of occurrence model at both home range and geographic spatial scales. Logistic regression analyses and Akaike Information Criterion model selection found variables of forest type, slope, and distance to water sources as predictive of chipmunk occurrence at the geographic scale. At the home range scale, increasing population density, decreasing overstory canopy cover, and decreasing understory canopy cover contributed to increased survival rates. C1 [Lowrey, Christopher; Longshore, Kathleen] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, 160 North Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Riddle, Brett] Univ Nevada, 4505 South Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Mantooth, Stacy] Nevada State Coll, 1125 Nevada State Dr, Henderson, NV 89002 USA. RP Lowrey, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, 160 North Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM clowrey@usgs.gov FU Clark County Desert Conservation Program; U.S. Geological Survey; Clark County, Nevada; U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Nevada Las Vegas FX Our sincere thanks for both funding and support for this project provided by the Clark County Desert Conservation Program and the U.S. Geological Survey; Clark County, Nevada; the U.S. Forest Service; the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; the University of Nevada Las Vegas; D. Thompson; J. Yee for statistical advice and reviews; and M. Pavelko and M. Moreo for information on water sources. We also thank D. Johnson, L. Rindlisberger, S. Schuster, R. Rookey, J. McLaughlin, A. Anderson, S. Busby, C. Bertrand, L. Kerschner, C. Golden, S. Blocker, P. Wasz, W. Boan, K. Horton, and C. Lowrey for their untiring collection of data under often very difficult field conditions. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUL 25 PY 2016 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1043 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyw026 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DV9LN UT WOS:000383262100003 ER PT J AU Eads, DA Biggins, DE Long, DH Gage, KL Antolin, MF AF Eads, David A. Biggins, Dean E. Long, Dustin H. Gage, Kenneth L. Antolin, Michael F. TI Droughts may increase susceptibility of prairie dogs to fleas: incongruity with hypothesized mechanisms of plague cycles in rodents SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE body condition; Cynomys; disease ecology; precipitation; Siphonaptera; Yersinia pestis ID CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; YERSINIA-PESTIS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; VECTOR COMPETENCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; WILD MAMMALS; TRADE-OFFS; NEW-MEXICO; POPULATIONS AB Plague is a reemerging, rodent-associated zoonosis caused by the flea-borne bacterium Yersinia pestis. As a vectorborne disease, rates of plague transmission may increase when fleas are abundant. Fleas are highly susceptible to desiccation under hot-dry conditions; we posited that their densities decline during droughts. We evaluated this hypothesis with black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in New Mexico, June-August 2010-2012. Precipitation was relatively plentiful during 2010 and 2012 but scarce during 2011, the driest spring-summer on record for the northeastern grasslands of New Mexico. Unexpectedly, fleas were 200% more abundant in 2011 than in 2010 and 2012. Prairie dogs were in 27% better condition during 2010 and 2012, and they devoted 287% more time to grooming in 2012 than in 2011. During 2012, prairie dogs provided with supplemental food and water were in 23% better condition and carried 40% fewer fleas. Collectively, these results suggest that during dry years, prairie dogs are limited by food and water, and they exhibit weakened defenses against fleas. Long-term data are needed to evaluate the generality of whether droughts increase flea densities and how changes in flea abundance during sequences of dry and wet years might affect plague cycles in mammalian hosts. C1 [Eads, David A.; Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Eads, David A.; Antolin, Michael F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Delivery 1878, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Eads, David A.; Biggins, Dean E.; Antolin, Michael F.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Campus Delivery 1499, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Long, Dustin H.] Turner Endangered Species Fund, 901 Technol Blvd, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Eads, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.; Eads, DA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Delivery 1878, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Eads, DA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Campus Delivery 1499, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM deads@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; Turner Endangered Species Fund; Turner Enterprises Incorporated; Colorado State University; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research Project [DEB 021763, 0823405]; National Science Foundation [1027319] FX Funding and logistical support were provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Turner Endangered Species Fund, Turner Enterprises Incorporated, Colorado State University, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research Project (DEB 021763 and 0823405). This material also is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. 1027319). We thank T. Turner for allowing access to his lands and for his dedication to wildlife conservation. We greatly appreciate field assistance from J. Bowser, M. Hague, D. Marsh, S. Molina, J. Neill, M. Poonamallee, L. White, and C. Zoubek. We thank the associate editor, 2 anonymous reviewers, and E. Mize for comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 18 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUL 25 PY 2016 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1044 EP 1053 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyw035 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DV9LN UT WOS:000383262100004 ER PT J AU Ayotte, JD Nolan, BT Gronberg, JA AF Ayotte, Joseph D. Nolan, Bernard T. Gronberg, Jo Ann TI Predicting Arsenic in Drinking Water Wells of the Central Valley, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLADDER-CANCER; NEW-ENGLAND; GROUNDWATER; QUALITY; NITRATE; USA; SOIL; POPULATION; EXPOSURE; MODELS AB Probabilities of arsenic in groundwater at depths used for domestic and public supply in the Central Valley of California are predicted using weak-learner ensemble models (boosted regression trees, BRT) and more traditional linear models (logistic regression, LR). Both methods captured major processes that affect arsenic concentrations, such. as the chemical evolution of groundwater, redox differences, and the influence of aquifer geochemistry. Inferred flow path length was the most important variable but near-surface-aquifer geochemical data also were significant. A unique feature of this study was that previously predicted nitrate concentrations in three dimensions were themselves predictive of arsenic and indicated an important redox effect at >10 mu g/L, indicating low arsenic where nitrate was, high. Additionally, a variable representing three-dimensional aquifer texture from the Central Valley Hydrologic Model was an important predictor, indicating high arsenic associated with fine-grained aquifer sediment. BRT outperformed LR at the 5 mu g/L threshold in all five predictive performance measures and at 10 mu g/L in four out of five measures. BRT yielded higher prediction sensitivity (39%) than LR (18%) at the 10 mu g/L threshold-a useful outcome because a major objective of the modeling was to improve our ability to predict high arsenic areas. C1 [Ayotte, Joseph D.] US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, New Hampshire Vermont Off, 331 Commerce Way, Pembroke, NH 03301 USA. [Nolan, Bernard T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 413, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Gronberg, Jo Ann] US Geol Survey, McKelvey Bldg,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ayotte, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, New Hampshire Vermont Off, 331 Commerce Way, Pembroke, NH 03301 USA. EM jayotte@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Project FX We gratefully acknowledge Karen Burow, Neil Dubrovsky, Tyler Johnson, Bryant Jurgens, Claudia Faunt, Miranda Fram, Sandra Eberts, and Kenneth Belitz, who contributed ideas and insights to this study. We thank the three anonymous reviewers and Paul Stackelberg, whose reviews improved the manuscript. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Project. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 19 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 14 BP 7555 EP 7563 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b01914 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DS0OD UT WOS:000380295700032 PM 27399813 ER PT J AU Floyd, MA Walters, RJ Elliott, JR Funning, GJ Svarc, JL Murray, JR Hooper, AJ Larsen, Y Marinkovic, P Burgmann, R Johanson, IA Wright, TJ AF Floyd, Michael A. Walters, Richard J. Elliott, John R. Funning, Gareth J. Svarc, Jerry L. Murray, Jessica R. Hooper, Andy J. Larsen, Yngvar Marinkovic, Petar Burgmann, Roland Johanson, Ingrid A. Wright, Tim J. TI Spatial variations in fault friction related to lithology from rupture and afterslip of the 2014 South Napa, California, earthquake SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE GPS; InSAR; earthquake; fault; inversion; lithology AB Following earthquakes, faults are often observed to continue slipping aseismically. It has been proposed that this afterslip occurs on parts of the fault with rate-strengthening friction that are stressed by the main shock, but our understanding has been limited by a lack of immediate, high-resolution observations. Here we show that the behavior of afterslip following the 2014 South Napa earthquake in California varied over distances of only a few kilometers. This variability cannot be explained by coseismic stress changes alone. We present daily positions from continuous and survey GPS sites that we remeasured within 12h of the main shock and surface displacements from the new Sentinel-1 radar mission. This unique geodetic data set constrains the distribution and evolution of coseismic and postseismic fault slip with exceptional resolution in space and time. We suggest that the observed heterogeneity in behavior is caused by lithological controls on the frictional properties of the fault plane. C1 [Floyd, Michael A.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Walters, Richard J.; Elliott, John R.; Hooper, Andy J.; Wright, Tim J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, COMET, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Walters, Richard J.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, COMET, Elvet Hill, Durham, England. [Elliott, John R.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, COMET, Oxford, England. [Funning, Gareth J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Svarc, Jerry L.; Murray, Jessica R.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Larsen, Yngvar] Norut, Tromso, Norway. [Marinkovic, Petar] PPO Labs, The Hague, Netherlands. [Burgmann, Roland; Johanson, Ingrid A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Johanson, Ingrid A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI USA. RP Floyd, MA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mfloyd@mit.edu OI Funning, Gareth/0000-0002-8247-0545; Johanson, Ingrid/0000-0002-6049-2225; Walters, Richard/0000-0002-1704-8727; Floyd, Michael/0000-0002-1657-2084 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under NSF [EAR-1261833]; USGS Earthquake Hazards Program (EHP) award [G14AP00027]; Southern California Earthquake Center Award under NSF [14127, EAR-1033462]; USGS EHP [G14AP00028]; USGS Earthquake Hazards Program; UK Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) through the Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics (COMET); Looking Inside the Continents from Space (LiCS) [NE/K011006/1]; Earthquake without Frontiers (EwF) [EwF NE/J02001X/1 1]; ESA [4000110680/14/I-BG-InSARap] FX EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory continuous GPS data were provided by UNAVCO through the GAGE Facility with support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-1261833. Bay Area Regional Deformation (BARD) and other continuous GPS data were provided the Berkeley Seismological Laboratory and the USGS. We thank all those who contributed to survey GPS measurements in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, including Chris Johnson, Sierra Boyd, and Kathryn Materna at UC Berkeley, Jerlyn Swiatlowski at UC Riverside, and James Sutton and Eleyne Phillips at the USGS. Interferograms used and presented in this study contain Copernicus Data (2014). M.F. was supported by USGS Earthquake Hazards Program (EHP) award G14AP00027 and Southern California Earthquake Center Award 14127 under NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-1033462. G.F. was supported by USGS EHP award G14AP00028. Additional GPS data collection support was provided by the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. Lidar data used in this study for the Napa Watershed were acquired by the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM) and accessed through OpenTopography. This work was supported by the UK Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) through the Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics (COMET, http://comet.nerc.ac.uk), the Looking Inside the Continents from Space (LiCS, NE/K011006/1), and the Earthquake without Frontiers (EwF) project (EwF NE/J02001X/1 1). Y.L., P.M., A.H., and T.W. were supported by ESA contract 4000110680/14/I-BG-InSARap: Sentinel-1 InSAR Performance Study with TOPS Data. We thank an anonymous reviewer and Emily Montgomery-Brown and John Langbein for their reviews that improved this manuscript. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 13 BP 6808 EP 6816 DI 10.1002/2016GL069428 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DS6ON UT WOS:000380901600016 ER PT J AU Tillman, FD Gangopadhyay, S Pruitt, T AF Tillman, Fred D. Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu Pruitt, Tom TI Changes in groundwater recharge under projected climate in the upper Colorado River basin SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE groundwater recharge; climate change; Colorado River ID CHANGE IMPACTS; UNITED-STATES; SENSITIVITY; CATCHMENT; AUSTRALIA; BASEFLOW; RANGE AB Understanding groundwater-budget components, particularly groundwater recharge, is important to sustainably manage both groundwater and surface water supplies in the Colorado River basin now and in the future. This study quantifies projected changes in upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) groundwater recharge from recent historical (1950-2015) through future (2016-2099) time periods, using a distributed-parameter groundwater recharge model with downscaled climate data from 97 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 climate projections. Simulated future groundwater recharge in the UCRB is generally expected to be greater than the historical average in most decades. Increases in groundwater recharge in the UCRB are a consequence of projected increases in precipitation, offsetting reductions in recharge that would result from projected increased temperatures. C1 [Tillman, Fred D.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu; Pruitt, Tom] US Bur Reclamat, Water Resources Planning & Operat Support Grp, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Tillman, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM ftillman@usgs.gov OI Tillman, Fred/0000-0002-2922-402X FU Bureau of Reclamation Science and Technology Program; USGS Groundwater Resources Program FX Investigation of groundwater recharge in the upper Colorado River basin under climate change was supported by the Bureau of Reclamation Science and Technology Program and the USGS Groundwater Resources Program. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table S1 in the supporting information) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. SWB groundwater recharge modeling results for the UCRB are available at the USGS ScienceBase web site [Tillman, 2011]. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 13 BP 6968 EP 6974 DI 10.1002/2016GL069714 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DS6ON UT WOS:000380901600035 ER PT J AU Bouligand, C Coutant, O Glen, JMG AF Bouligand, Claire Coutant, Olivier Glen, Jonathan M. G. TI Sub-surface structure of La Soufriere of Guadeloupe lava dome deduced from a ground-based magnetic survey SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Magnetic anomalies; Volcanology; Hydrothermal alteration ID LESSER-ANTILLES; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; VOLCANO GUADELOUPE; MAGMATIC ERUPTION; FIELD MODELS; CRISIS; TOMOGRAPHY; INVERSION; GRAVITY AB In this study, we present the analysis and interpretation of a new ground magnetic survey acquired at the Soufriere volcano on Guadeloupe Island. Observed short-wavelength magnetic anomalies are compared to those predicted assuming a constant magnetization within the sub-surface. The good correlation between modeled and observed data over the summit of the dome indicates that the shallow sub-surface displays relatively constant and high magnetization intensity. In contrast, the poor correlation at the base of the dome suggests that the underlying material is non- to weakly-magnetic, consistent with what is expected for a talus comprised of randomly oriented and highly altered and weathered boulders. The new survey also reveals a dipole anomaly that is not accounted for by a constant magnetization in the sub-surface and suggests the existence of material with decreased magnetization beneath the Soufriere lava dome. We construct simple models to constrain its dimensions and propose that this body corresponds to hydrothermally altered material within and below the dome. The very large inferred volume for such material may have implications on the stability of the dome. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bouligand, Claire; Coutant, Olivier] Univ Grenoble Alpes, ISTerre, Grenoble, France. [Bouligand, Claire; Coutant, Olivier] CNRS, ISTerre, Grenoble, France. [Glen, Jonathan M. G.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bouligand, C (reprint author), Univ Grenoble Alpes, ISTerre, Grenoble, France. FU ANR [ANR-08-RISKNAT-002-01] FX We are grateful to Dominique Gibert, Quentin Gibert, Gaetan-Thierry Kitou, Alexis Bosson, and the OVSG team for their precious help in the field data collection and to Richard Blakely, Francis Robach, Georges Boudon for helpful discussions and suggestions. This research was funded by ANR (ANR-08-RISKNAT-002-01) (DOMOSCAN Project). We thank Daniel Dzurisin, Jean-Francois Lenat and an anonymous reviewer for their comments which helped to improve significantly the original manuscript. The Litto3D DEM was provided by the Service hydrographique et oceanographique de la marine (SHOM) and the Institut national de 'information geographique et forestiere (IGN). The 10 m DEM built from Ikonos images was provided to us by J.C Komorowski and originally processed in 2006 by F. Pelaud (Latitude Geosystems) using images purchased to (c) GeoEye with the ACI Antilles programme of INSU. ISTerre is part of OSUG@2020 (ANR10 LABX56). NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUL 15 PY 2016 VL 321 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.04.037 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DR7JF UT WOS:000380075200014 ER PT J AU Wann, GT Aldridge, CL Braun, CE AF Wann, Gregory T. Aldridge, Cameron L. Braun, Clait E. TI Effects of Seasonal Weather on Breeding Phenology and Reproductive Success of Alpine Ptarmigan in Colorado SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED PTARMIGAN; EGG-LAYING TRENDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WILLOW PTARMIGAN; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; LAGOPUS-LEUCURUS; TREE SWALLOWS; BODY-MASS; POPULATION; SELECTION AB Animal populations occurring at high elevations are often assumed to be in peril of extinctions or local extirpations due to elevational-dispersal limitations and thermoregulatory constraints as habitats change and warm. However, long-term monitoring of high-elevation populations is uncommon relative to those occurring at lower elevations, and evidence supporting this assumption is limited. We analyzed 45 years of reproductive data for two Colorado populations of white-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucura), an alpine-endemic species with restricted distribution in western North America. Seasonal temperatures measured by the number of growing degree days warmed significantly at our study sites for pre-nesting, nesting, and brood-rearing seasonal periods (mean advance of 8 growing degree days per decade), and both populations advanced their reproductive phenology over the study period based on median hatch dates (median advance of 3.7 and 1.9 days per decade for the northern and southern sites, respectively). Reproductive performance measured by the number of chicks per hen declined significantly at one study site but not the other, and differences between sites may have been due to habitat degradation at one study area. Annual variability in chicks per hen was large at both sites but only weakly related to seasonal weather. An index of precipitation and temperature during the brood-rearing period was the best predictor for reproductive success with warm and dry conditions relating positively to number of chicks per hen. Our results provide evidence for two alpine ptarmigan populations that are remarkably invariant to fluctuations in seasonal weather with respect to reproductive success as measured by number of chicks per hen in the breeding population. These results are surprising given the general perception of alpine animal populations as being highly sensitive to warming temperatures. C1 [Wann, Gregory T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci, 1231 East Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wann, Gregory T.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, 1231 East Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Dept Ecosyst Sci, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Braun, Clait E.] Grouse Inc, 5572 North Ventana Vista Rd, Tucson, AZ 85750 USA. RP Wann, GT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci, 1231 East Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Wann, GT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, 1231 East Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM greg.wann@colostate.edu RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011 FU National Science Foundation; Colorado Division of Wildlife through Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project [W-37-R]; Grouse Inc.; United States Geological Survey; Colorado State University; Rocky Mountain Conservancy through the Leslie Bailey Charitable Trust Fellowship; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (1966-1969; www.nsf.gov) through graduate support to CB through a NSF Traineeship, and also in the 1970s through the Tundra Biome Program. This work was also supported by the Colorado Division of Wildlife (1970-1999; http://cpw.state.co.us/) through Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-37-R, Grouse Inc. (2000-2008), the United States Geological Survey (2007-2012; http://www.usgs.gov/), and Colorado State University (2008-2012; www.colostate.edu). GW was partially supported by the Rocky Mountain Conservancy through the Leslie Bailey Charitable Trust Fellowship. The U.S. Geological Survey and Colorado State University provided support in the form of salaries for authors GW and CA, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the 'author contributions' section.; The long-term studies benefited from field support provided by R Schmidt Jr., T May, B Poley, and R Ryder in the 1960s, K Giesen and R Hoffman in the late 1970s through the 1990s at RM, and K Martin in the late 1980s and early 1990s at ME. Early administrative support in RM was provided by Chief Naturalists T Thomas and G Gallison through housing and permits. Field work at ME was facilitated by housing provided courtesy of M Monahan of University of Denver. G Rogers and W Sandfort of the Colorado Division of Wildlife provided administrative and financial support to initiate the studies at both sites. The National Science Foundation provided graduate support to CEB through a NSF Traineeship during 1966-1969 and also in the 1970s through the Tundra Biome Program. Work at both sites was supported by the Colorado Division of Wildlife through Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-37-R and the United States Geological Survey. GTW was partially supported by the Rocky Mountain Conservancy through the Leslie Bailey Charitable Trust Fellowship. Weather data were provided by the National Science Foundation supported Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research project and the University of Colorado Mountain Research Station. This manuscript was improved by an anonymous reviewer and academic editor. We thank all of those that were afield with us. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 15 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 7 AR e0158913 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0158913 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DR1JR UT WOS:000379662300006 PM 27420478 ER PT J AU Voigt, S Giulio-Tonolo, F Lyons, J Kucera, J Jones, B Schneiderhan, T Platzeck, G Kaku, K Hazarika, MK Czaran, L Li, SJ Pedersen, W James, GK Proy, C Muthike, DM Bequignon, J Guha-Sapir, D AF Voigt, Stefan Giulio-Tonolo, Fabio Lyons, Josh Kucera, Jan Jones, Brenda Schneiderhan, Tobias Platzeck, Gabriel Kaku, Kazuya Hazarika, Manzul Kumar Czaran, Lorant Li, Suju Pedersen, Wendi James, Godstime Kadiri Proy, Catherine Muthike, Denis Macharia Bequignon, Jerome Guha-Sapir, Debarati TI Global trends in satellite-based emergency mapping SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID 2010 HAITI EARTHQUAKE; IMAGERY; MANAGEMENT; DISASTER AB Over the past 15 years, scientists and disaster responders have increasingly used satellite-based Earth observations for global rapid assessment of disaster situations. We review global trends in satellite rapid response and emergency mapping from 2000 to 2014, analyzing more than 1000 incidents in which satellite monitoring was used for assessing major disaster situations. We provide a synthesis of spatial patterns and temporal trends in global satellite emergency mapping efforts and show that satellite-based emergency mapping is most intensively deployed in Asia and Europe and follows well the geographic, physical, and temporal distributions of global natural disasters. We present an outlook on the future use of Earth observation technology for disaster response and mitigation by putting past and current developments into context and perspective. C1 [Voigt, Stefan; Schneiderhan, Tobias] German Aerosp Ctr, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Giulio-Tonolo, Fabio] Informat Technol Humanitarian Assistance Coopera, Turin, Italy. [Lyons, Josh] Human Rights Watch, Geneva, Switzerland. [Kucera, Jan] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. [Jones, Brenda] US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Platzeck, Gabriel] Cordoba Natl Univ, CONAE, Gulich Inst, Cordoba, Argentina. [Kaku, Kazuya] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Hazarika, Manzul Kumar] Asian Inst Technol, Klongluang, Pathumthani, Thailand. [Czaran, Lorant] UN, Off Outer Space Affairs, Vienna, Austria. [Li, Suju] Natl Disaster Reduct Ctr China Beijing, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Pedersen, Wendi] Geneva Int Ctr Humanitarian Demining, Geneva, Switzerland. [James, Godstime Kadiri] Natl Space Res & Dev Agcy, Abuja, Nigeria. [Proy, Catherine] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, Toulouse, France. [Muthike, Denis Macharia] Reg Ctr Mapping Resources Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. [Bequignon, Jerome] European Space Agcy, Brussels, Belgium. [Guha-Sapir, Debarati] Catholic Univ Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. RP Voigt, S (reprint author), German Aerosp Ctr, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. EM stefan.voigt@dlr.de OI Giulio Tonolo, Fabio/0000-0001-5783-0951 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 15 U2 21 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 15 PY 2016 VL 353 IS 6296 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1126/science.aad8728 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DR0EM UT WOS:000379580800039 PM 27418503 ER PT J AU Walowski, KJ Wallace, PJ Clynne, MA Rasmussen, DJ Weis, D AF Walowski, K. J. Wallace, P. J. Clynne, M. A. Rasmussen, D. J. Weis, D. TI Slab melting and magma formation beneath the southern Cascade arc SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE subduction zone; volatiles; cascades; melt inclusions; geochemistry; arc ID SUBDUCTION-ZONE; OXYGEN FUGACITY; LASSEN REGION; HIGH-PRESSURE; ISOTOPIC SYSTEMATICS; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; BORON ISOTOPE; KAMCHATKA ARC; MT. SHASTA; MANTLE AB The processes that drive magma formation beneath the Cascade arc and other warm-slab subduction zones have been debated because young oceanic crust is predicted to largely dehydrate beneath the forearc during subduction. In addition, geochemical variability along strike in the Cascades has led to contrasting interpretations about the role of volatiles in magma generation. Here, we focus on the Lassen segment of the Cascade arc, where previous work has demonstrated across-arc geochemical variations related to subduction enrichment, and H-isotope data suggest that H2O in basaltic magmas is derived from the final breakdown of chlorite in the mantle portion of the slab. We use naturally glassy, olivine-hosted melt inclusions (MI) from the tephra deposits of eight primitive (MgO > 7 wt%) basaltic cinder cones to quantify the pre-eruptive volatile contents of mantle-derived melts in this region. The melt inclusions have B concentrations and isotope ratios that are similar to mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), suggesting extensive dehydration of the downgoing plate prior to reaching sub arc depths and little input of slab-derived B into the mantle wedge. However, correlations of volatile and trace element ratios (H2O/Ce, Sr/Nd) in the melt inclusions demonstrate that geochemical variability is the result of variable addition of a hydrous subduction component to the mantle wedge. Furthermore, correlations between subduction component tracers and radiogenic isotope ratios show that the subduction component has less radiogenic Sr and Pb than the Lassen sub-arc mantle, which can be explained by melting of subducted Gorda MORB beneath the arc. Agreement between pMELTS melting models and melt inclusion volatile, major, and trace element data suggests that hydrous slab melt addition to the mantle wedge can produce the range in primitive compositions erupted in the Lassen region. Our results provide further evidence that chlorite-derived fluids from the mantle portion of the slab (similar to 7-9 km below the slab top) cause flux melting of the subducted oceanic crust, producing hydrous slab melts that migrate into the overlying mantle, where they react with peridotite to induce further melting. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Walowski, K. J.; Wallace, P. J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Walowski, K. J.] Univ Edinburgh, Grant Inst, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Clynne, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rasmussen, D. J.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Weis, D.] Univ British Columbia, Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci Dept, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Walowski, KJ (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Grant Inst, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. EM k.walowski@ed.ac.uk RI Weis, Dominique/Q-7658-2016; OI Weis, Dominique/0000-0002-6638-5543; Rasmussen, Daniel/0000-0003-0137-6715 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1119224, EAR-1019848] FX We thank Adam Kent for assistance with LA-ICP-MS measurements, Brian Monteleone for assistance with SIMS, John Donovan for assistance with EPMA, Erik Hauri for providing B-isotope standards, Nicole Marsh for carrying out the radiogenic isotope analyses at PCIGR, and Ilya Bindeman for his helpful comments. KJW thanks Angela Seligman, Ellen Aster, and Stan Mordensky for assistance in the field. We appreciate the constructive reviews of Catharine Chauvel, Maxim Portnyagin, and Dawnika Blatter, and assistance from the editor, Tamsin Mather. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (EAR-1119224 and EAR-1019848). NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2016 VL 446 BP 100 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.03.044 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DO5PW UT WOS:000377836200011 ER PT J AU Tuohy, RM Wallace, PJ Loewen, MW Swanson, DA Kent, AJR AF Tuohy, Robin M. Wallace, Paul J. Loewen, Matthew W. Swanson, Donald A. Kent, Adam J. R. TI Magma transport and olivine crystallization depths in Kilauea's east rift zone inferred from experimentally rehomogenized melt inclusions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Volcanology; Melt inclusions; Geochemistry; Kilauea; Hawaiian geology ID VOLCANO REUNION ISLAND; H2O-CO2 SYSTEMATICS; RE-EQUILIBRATION; SILICATE-GLASSES; FLUID INCLUSION; OXYGEN FUGACITY; CO2 CONTENTS; HAWAII; ERUPTION; H2O AB Concentrations of H2O and CO2 in olivine-hosted melt inclusions can be used to estimate crystallization depths for the olivine host. However, the original dissolved CO2 concentration of melt inclusions at the time of trapping can be difficult to measure directly because in many cases substantial CO2 is transferred to shrinkage bubbles that form during post-entrapment cooling and crystallization. To investigate this problem, we heated olivine from the 1959 Kilauea Iki and 1960 Kapoho (Hawai'i) eruptions in a 1-atm furnace to temperatures above the melt inclusion trapping temperature to redissolve the CO2 in shrinkage bubbles. The measured CO2 concentrations of the experimentally rehomogenized inclusions (<= 590 ppm for Kilauea Iki [n = 10]; <= 880 ppm for Kapoho, with one inclusion at 1863 ppm [n = 38]) overlap with values for naturally quenched inclusions from the same samples, but experimentally rehomogenized inclusions have higher within-sample median CO2 values than naturally quenched inclusions, indicating at least partial dissolution of CO2 from the vapor bubble during heating. Comparison of our data with predictions from modeling of vapor bubble formation and published Raman data on the density of CO2 in the vapor bubbles suggests that 55-85% of the dissolved CO2 in the melt inclusions at the time of trapping was lost to post-entrapment shrinkage bubbles. Our results combined with the Raman data demonstrate that olivine from the early part of the Kilauea Iki eruption crystallized at <6 km depth, with the majority of olivine in the 1-3 km depth range. These depths are consistent with the interpretation that the Kilauea Iki magma was supplied from Kilauea's summit magma reservoir (similar to 2-5 km depth). In contrast, olivine from Kapoho, which was the rift zone extension of the Kilauea Iki eruption, crystallized over a much wider range of depths (similar to 1-16 km). The wider depth range requires magma transport during the Kapoho eruption from deep beneath the summit region and/or from deep beneath Kilauea's east rift zone. The deeply derived olivine crystals and their host magma mixed with stored, more evolved magma in the rift zone, and the mixture was later erupted at Kapoho. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tuohy, Robin M.; Wallace, Paul J.; Loewen, Matthew W.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Loewen, Matthew W.; Kent, Adam J. R.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Swanson, Donald A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Tuohy, RM (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM rmtuohy2@alumni.colostate.edu FU U.S.G.S. Jack Kleinman Grant; Exxon Mobil Geoscience Grant FX This research was supported by a U.S.G.S. Jack Kleinman Grant and a 2013 Exxon Mobil Geoscience Grant. R.T. would like to thank the staff of the U.S. Geological Survey's Hawaiian Volcano Observatory for their assistance during two weeks of sample collection at Kilauea. We would also like to thank the National Park Service, the Lyman family, and Sanford Trucking Company for providing access and collection of tephra at the multiple sites on the lower east rift zone. We greatly appreciate the constructive comments of M. Garcia, J. Lowenstern, T. Neal, M. Rowe, and an anonymous reviewer that led to many improvements in the final manuscript. Finally, P.W. would like to express his enormous gratitude to Fred Frey for introducing him to the fascinating world of submarine large igneous provinces, and for teaching him that one should use spider diagrams sparingly, if at all. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL 15 PY 2016 VL 185 BP 232 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2016.04.020 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DO6ZZ UT WOS:000377933300015 ER PT J AU Clague, DA Frey, FA Garcia, MO Huang, S McWilliams, M Beeson, MH AF Clague, David A. Frey, Frederick A. Garcia, Michael O. Huang, Shichun McWilliams, Michael Beeson, Melvin H. TI Compositional heterogeneity of the Sugarloaf melilite nephelinite flow, Honolulu Volcanics, Hawai'i SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH; NORTH ARCH; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; ALKALIC LAVAS; OAHU; SERIES; BASALTS; ORIGIN; FIELD; FRACTIONATION AB The Sugarloaf flow is a melilite nephelinite erupted from the Tantalus rift during rejuvenated-stage volcanism on O'ahu, the Honolulu Volcanics. The flow ponded in Manoa Valley forming a similar to 15 m thick flow which was cored and sampled in a quarry. Nepheline from a pegmatoid segregation in the flow yielded a Ar-40-Ar-39 age of 76 ka. This age, combined with others, indicates that the Tantalus rift eruptions are some of the youngest on O'ahu. Honolulu Volcanics erupt on average about every 35-40 ka indicating that future eruptions are possible. We evaluated the compositional variability of 19 samples from the flow, including 14 from the core. Twelve samples are representative of the bulk flow, four are dark-or light-colored variants, one is a heavy rare earth element (REE)-enriched pegmatoid, and two visually resemble the bulk flow, but have chemical characteristics of the dark and light variants. Our objective was to determine intraflow heterogeneity in mineralogy and composition. Variable abundances of Na2O, K2O, Sr, Ba, Rb, Pb and U in the flow were caused by post-eruptive mobility in a vapor phase, most likely during or soon after flow emplacement, and heterogeneous deposition of secondary calcite and zeolites. Relative to fine-grained samples, a pegmatoid vein that crosscuts the flow is enriched in incompatible trace elements except Sr and TiO2. Element mobility after eruption introduced scatter in trace element ratios including light-REE/heavy-REE, and all ratios involving mobile elements K, Rb, Ba, Sr, Pb, and U. Lavas from some of the 37 Honolulu Volcanics vents have crosscutting REE patterns in a primitive mantle-normalized plot. Such patterns have been interpreted to reflect variable amounts of residual garnet during partial melting. Previous studies of lavas from different vents concluded that garnet, phlogopite, amphibole, and Fe-Ti oxides were residual phases of the partial melting processes that created the Honolulu Volcanics (Clague and Frey, 1982; Yang et al., 2003). However post-eruptive processes in the Sugarloaf flow also produced crossing REE patterns. Eruptions on the Tantalus rift, including the Sugarloaf flow, produced volatile-and crystal-rich ash with interstitial glass and melt inclusions in olivine containing 4.2-6.4 wt% MgO compared to the flow average of 11.8 wt%. This flow erupted as a partially crystallized viscous magma at least 100 degrees C below its liquidus. The slow advance and cooling of the 15-m thick 'a' (a) over bar low promoted the segregation of pegmatoids, formation of light and dark bands with differing proportions of melilite and clinopyroxene, and induced volatile-enhanced mobility of incompatible elements. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Clague, David A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Frey, Frederick A.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Garcia, Michael O.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Huang, Shichun] Univ Nevada Las Vegas, Dept Geosci, Las Vegas, NV USA. [McWilliams, Michael] GNS Sci, 1 Fairway Dr,Avalon 5010,POB 30-368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Beeson, Melvin H.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Clague, DA (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM clague@mbari.org RI Huang, Shichun/A-3596-2008 FU NSF [EAR-1219955] FX This study was begun in the early 1980s as an attempt to evaluate the severity of element mobility on several scales within the thick Sugarloaf flow. The study was initiated by Fred Frey, who was deeply concerned that intraflow variability caused by post-eruptive processes might compromise the conclusions reached by modeling the process of mantle melting. Its completion is a tribute to Fred, who never wavered in developing and testing ideas about the formation of the range of basalts erupted on Earth. We thank the many analysts listed in the text, who should be pleased that their labors provided the basis for this study, and Charles Langmuir for access to his lab at Harvard and Zhongxing Chen for help with ICP-MS measurements when we decided to modernize our trace element data set. Brian Dreyer assisted with exploring the Sugarloaf composition within the MELTS program. Alicia Presti determined the modes for the core. NSF grant to MG (EAR-1219955) supported work on this project. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL 15 PY 2016 VL 185 BP 251 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2016.01.034 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DO6ZZ UT WOS:000377933300016 ER PT J AU Chaney, NW Wood, EF McBratney, AB Hempel, JW Nauman, TW Brungard, CW Odgers, NP AF Chaney, Nathaniel W. Wood, Eric F. McBratney, Alexander B. Hempel, Jonathan W. Nauman, Travis W. Brungard, Colby W. Odgers, Nathan P. TI POLARIS: A 30-meter probabilistic soil series map of the contiguous United States SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Digital soil mapping; Environmental modeling; High performance computing ID SEMIAUTOMATED DISAGGREGATION; CLASSIFICATION TREES; KNOWLEDGE AB A new complete map of soil series probabilities has been produced for the contiguous United States at a 30 m spatial resolution. This innovative database, named POLARIS, is constructed using available high-resolution geospatial environmental data and a state-of-the-art machine learning algorithm (DSMART-HPC) to remap the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database. This 9 billion grid cell database is possible using available high performance computing resources. POLARIS provides a spatially continuous, internally consistent, quantitative prediction of soil series. It offers potential solutions to the primary weaknesses in SSURGO: 1) unmapped areas are gap-filled using survey data from the surrounding regions, 2) the artificial discontinuities at political boundaries are removed, and 3) the use of high resolution environmental covariate data leads to a spatial disaggregation of the coarse polygons. The geospatial environmental covariates that have the largest role in assembling POLARIS over the contiguous United States (CONUS) are fine-scale (30 m) elevation data and coarse-scale (similar to 2 km) estimates of the geographic distribution of uranium, thorium, and potassium. A preliminary validation of POLARIS using the NRCS National Soil Information System (NASIS) database shows variable performance over CONUS. In general, the best performance is obtained at grid cells where DSMART-HPC is most able to reduce the chance of misclassification. The important role of environmental covariates in limiting prediction uncertainty suggests including additional covariates is pivotal to improving POLARIS' accuracy. This database has the potential to improve the modeling of biogeochemical, water, and energy cycles in environmental models; enhance availability of data for precision agriculture; and assist hydrologic monitoring and forecasting to ensure food and water security. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chaney, Nathaniel W.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [McBratney, Alexander B.; Odgers, Nathan P.] Univ Sydney, Fac Agr & Environm, Dept Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Hempel, Jonathan W.] NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Nauman, Travis W.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. [Brungard, Colby W.] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Chaney, NW (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM nchaney@princeton.edu OI Wood, Eric/0000-0001-7037-9675 FU NSF [1144217]; Australian Research Council FX This study was supported by NSF grant 1144217 (Petascale Design and Management of Satellite Assets to Advance Space Based Earth Science). This work would not have been possible without the provision of data by the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) and the Blue Waters supercomputer. Alex McBratney acknowledges the support of the Australian Research Council through its Discovery Program. A special thanks to the many contributors that have helped understand the strengths and weaknesses of the POLARIS database and provide insight to future research including Skye Wills (USDA-NRCS), Tom Hengl (ISRIC), Budiman Minasny (University of Sydney), Dylan Beaudette (USDA-NRCS), James Thompson (West Virginia University), Stephen Roecker (USDA-NRCS), Sharon Waltman (USDA-NRCS), Tom D'Avello (USDA-NRCS), and David Hoover (USDA-NRCS), among many others. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUL 15 PY 2016 VL 274 BP 54 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.03.025 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA DM7MB UT WOS:000376543600007 ER PT J AU Keller, JW Gaddis, L Petro, NE AF Keller, John W. Gaddis, Lisa Petro, Noah E. TI Untitled SO ICARUS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Keller, John W.; Petro, Noah E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Gaddis, Lisa] USGS, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Keller, JW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUL 15 PY 2016 VL 273 SI SI BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.04.016 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DL6FK UT WOS:000375734900001 ER PT J AU Bennett, KA Horgan, BHN Gaddis, LR Greenhagen, BT Allen, CC Hayne, PO Bell, JF Paige, DA AF Bennett, Kristen A. Horgan, Briony H. N. Gaddis, Lisa R. Greenhagen, Benjamin T. Allen, Carlton C. Hayne, Paul O. Bell, James F., III Paige, David A. TI Complex explosive volcanic activity on the Moon within Oppenheimer crater SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Volcanism; Spectroscopy; Infrared observations; Mineralogy; Moon; Moon, surface ID LUNAR PYROCLASTIC DEPOSITS; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA; MINERALOGY MAPPER M-3; COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSES; SURFACE LAYER; GLASS-BEADS; IDENTIFICATION; CLEMENTINE; THICKNESS; MIXTURES AB Oppenheimer crater is a floor-fractured crater located within the South Pole-Aitken basin on the Moon, and exhibits more than a dozen localized pyroclastic deposits associated with the fractures. Localized pyroclastic volcanism on the Moon is thought to form as a result of intermittently explosive Vulcanian eruptions under low effusion rates, in contrast to the higher-effusion rate, Hawaiian-style fire fountaining inferred to form larger regional deposits. We use Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera images and Diviner Radiometer mid-infrared data, Chandrayaan-1 orbiter Moon Mineralogy Mapper near-infrared spectra, and Clementine orbiter Ultraviolet/visible camera images to test the hypothesis that the pyroclastic deposits in Oppenheimer crater were emplaced via Vulcanian activity by constraining their composition and mineralogy. Mineralogically, we find that the deposits are variable mixtures of orthopyroxene and minor clinopyroxene sourced from the crater floor, juvenile clinopyroxene, and juvenile iron-rich glass, and that the mineralogy of the pyroclastics varies both across the Oppenheimer deposits as a whole and within individual deposits. We observe similar variability in the inferred iron content of pyroclastic glasses, and note in particular that the northwest deposit, associated with Oppenheimer U crater, contains the most iron-rich volcanic glass thus far identified on the Moon, which could be a useful future resource. We propose that this variability in mineralogy indicates variability in eruption style, and that it cannot be explained by a simple Vulcanian eruption. A Vulcanian eruption should cause significant country rock to be incorporated into the pyroclastic deposit; however, large areas within many of the deposits exhibit spectra consistent with high abundances of juvenile phases and very little floor material. Thus, we propose that at least the most recent portion of these deposits must have erupted via a Strombolian or more continuous fire fountaining eruption, and in some cases may have included an effusive component. These results suggest that localized lunar pyroclastic deposits may have a more complex origin and mode of emplacement than previously thought. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bennett, Kristen A.; Bell, James F., III] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, ISTB4 Room 795,781 Terrace Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Horgan, Briony H. N.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gaddis, Lisa R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Greenhagen, Benjamin T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Allen, Carlton C.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Hayne, Paul O.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Paige, David A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, 595 Charles E Young Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bennett, KA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, ISTB4 Room 795,781 Terrace Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM kristen.a.bennett@asu.edu NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUL 15 PY 2016 VL 273 SI SI BP 296 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.02.007 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DL6FK UT WOS:000375734900025 ER PT J AU Kalkhoff, SJ Hubbard, LE Tomer, MD James, DE AF Kalkhoff, S. J. Hubbard, L. E. Tomer, M. D. James, D. E. TI Effect of variable annual precipitation and nutrient input on nitrogen and phosphorus transport from two Midwestern agricultural watersheds SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Nutrient transport; Nutrient yield; Water quality; Land use ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; LIQUID SWINE MANURE; NITRATE-NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; SUBSURFACE DRAINS; QUALITY TRENDS; UNITED-STATES; IOWA RIVERS AB Precipitation patterns and nutrient inputs affect transport of nitrate (NO3-N) and phosphorus (TP) from Midwest watersheds. Nutrient concentrations and yields from two subsurface-drained watersheds, the Little Cobb River (LCR) in southern Minnesota and the South Fork Iowa River (SFIR) in northern Iowa, were evaluated during 1996-2007 to document relative differences in timings and amounts of nutrients transported. Both watersheds are located in the prairie pothole region, but the SFIR exhibits a longer growing season and more livestock production. The SFIR yielded significantly more NO3-N than the LCR watershed (31.2 versus 21.3 kg NO3-N ha(-1) y(-1)). The SFIR watershed also yielded more TP than the LCR watershed (1.13 versus 0.51 kg TP ha(-1) yr(-1)), despite greater TP concentrations in the LCR. About 65% of NO3-N and 50% of TP loads were transported during April-June, and <20% of the annual loads were transported later in the growing season from July-September. Monthly NO3-N and TP loads peaked in April from the LCR but peaked in June from the SFIR; this difference was attributed to greater snowmelt runoff in the LCR. The annual NO3-N yield increased with increasing annual runoff at a similar rate in both watersheds, but the LCR watershed yielded less annual NO3-N than the SFIR for a similar annual runoff. These two watersheds are within 150 km of one another and have similar dominant agricultural systems, but differences in climate and cropping inputs affected amounts and timing of nutrient transport. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kalkhoff, S. J.] US Geol Survey, 400 S Clinton St,Rm 269, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. [Tomer, M. D.; James, D. E.] USDA, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hubbard, L. E.] US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Kalkhoff, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 S Clinton St,Rm 269, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. EM sjkalkho@usgs.gov OI Kalkhoff, Stephen/0000-0003-4110-1716 FU USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program; USDA-NRCS Conservation Effects Assessment Project; South Fork Watershed Alliance FX The authors thank the staff of the USGS Iowa and Minnesota Water Science Centers for their assistance in sample collection. Advice on the use of the WRTDS model was provided by Bob Hirsch. Data collection and report preparation were funded by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Research conducted by USDA-ARS in the South Fork Iowa River watershed was financially supported by the USDA-NRCS Conservation Effects Assessment Project, and locally supported by the South Fork Watershed Alliance. Initial versions of this report were substantially improved by suggestions from Victoria Christensen and several anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 15 PY 2016 VL 559 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.127 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK7WD UT WOS:000375136600007 PM 27054493 ER PT J AU Yamada, M Hayashida, T Mori, J Mooney, WD AF Yamada, Masumi Hayashida, Takumi Mori, Jim Mooney, Walter D. TI Building damage survey and microtremor measurements for the source region of the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE 2015 Gorkha earthquake; Masonry structure; Earthquake damage; Strong motion; Microtremor survey ID KATHMANDU VALLEY; GROUND MOTION; BASIN; MODEL AB We performed a damage survey of buildings and carried out microtremor observations in the source region of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. Our survey area spans the Kathmandu valley and areas to the east and north of the valley. Damage of buildings in the Kathmandu valley was localized, and the percentage of the totally collapsed buildings was less than 5 %. East of the Kathmandu valley, especially in Sindhupalchok district, damage of buildings was more severe. In the center of Chautara and Bahrabise, towns in Sindhupalchok district, the percentage of the totally collapsed houses exceeded 40 %. North of the Kathmandu valley, the damage was moderate, and 20-30 % of the buildings were totally collapsed in Dhunche. Based on the past studies and our microtremor observations near the strong motion station, the H/V spectrum in Kathmandu has a peak at around 0.3 Hz, which reflects the velocity contrast of the deep sedimentary basin. The H/V spectra in Bahrabise, Chautara, and Dhunche do not show clear peaks, which suggests that the sites have stiff soil conditions. Therefore, the more severe damage outside the Kathmandu valley compared with the relatively light damage levels in the valley is probably due to the source characteristics of the earthquake and/or the seismic performance of buildings, rather than the local site conditions. C1 [Yamada, Masumi; Mori, Jim] Kyoto Univ, DPRI, Uji, Japan. [Hayashida, Takumi] Bldg Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Mooney, Walter D.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Yamada, M (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, DPRI, Uji, Japan. EM masumi@eqh.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp FU J-RAPID program of the Japan Science and Technology Agency FX We thank Dr. Amod Mani Dixit of the National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal for providing useful data. We also acknowledge Dr. Soma Nath Sapkota, Lok Bijaya Adhikari, and Mukunda Bhattarai in DMG for meaningful discussions. The field survey was funded by the J-RAPID program of the Japan Science and Technology Agency. The strong motion data are provided by the Center for Engineering Strong Motion Data. We would like to thank reviewers (Drs. Brad Aagaard, Erol Kalkan, and others) for their insightful comments on the paper. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1880-5981 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PD JUL 13 PY 2016 VL 68 AR 117 DI 10.1186/s40623-016-0483-4 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DR6DX UT WOS:000379993400002 ER PT J AU Young-Robertson, JM Bolton, WR Bhatt, US Cristobal, J Thoman, R AF Young-Robertson, Jessica M. Bolton, W. Robert Bhatt, Uma S. Cristobal, Jordi Thoman, Richard TI Deciduous trees are a large and overlooked sink for snowmelt water in the boreal forest SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; INTERIOR ALASKA; PERMAFROST HYDROLOGY; STORED WATER; CLIMATE; TRANSPIRATION; VEGETATION; BALANCE; DRIVEN; FLUXES AB The terrestrial water cycle contains large uncertainties that impact our understanding of water budgets and climate dynamics. Water storage is a key uncertainty in the boreal water budget, with tree water storage often ignored. The goal of this study is to quantify tree water content during the snowmelt and growing season periods for Alaskan and western Canadian boreal forests. Deciduous trees reached saturation between snowmelt and leaf-out, taking up 21-25% of the available snowmelt water, while coniferous trees removed < 1%. We found that deciduous trees removed 17.8-20.9 billion m(3) of snowmelt water, which is equivalent to 8.7-10.2% of the Yukon River's annual discharge. Deciduous trees transpired 2-12% (0.4-2.2 billion m(3)) of the absorbed snowmelt water immediately after leaf-out, increasing favorable conditions for atmospheric convection, and an additional 10-30% (2.0-5.2 billion m(3)) between leaf-out and mid-summer. By 2100, boreal deciduous tree area is expected to increase by 1-15%, potentially resulting in an additional 0.3-3 billion m(3) of snowmelt water removed from the soil per year. This study is the first to show that deciduous tree water uptake of snowmelt water represents a large but overlooked aspect of the water balance in boreal watersheds. C1 [Young-Robertson, Jessica M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Young-Robertson, Jessica M.; Bolton, W. Robert] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Bhatt, Uma S.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Dept Atmospher Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Cristobal, Jordi] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Cristobal, Jordi] Univ Alaska, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Thoman, Richard] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Young-Robertson, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.; Young-Robertson, JM (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM jmcable@alaska.edu RI Cristobal, Jordi/K-8021-2013 OI Cristobal, Jordi/0000-0001-6244-4289 FU Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area; NSF Hydrology grant [1114457]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program grant [DE-SC0006913]; Alaska Climate Science Center - United States Geological Survey [G10AC00588] FX This work was part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative and was supported by the Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area. We thank NSF Hydrology grant #1114457 and the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program grant #DE-SC0006913 for funding J. Young-Robertson and W.R. Bolton. U. Bhatt received financial support from the Alaska Climate Science Center, funded by Cooperative Agreement G10AC00588 from the United States Geological Survey. Any use of trade names or products is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank R. Busey, W. Cable, S. Dempster, S. Straus, C. Glover, M. Plumb, and L. Barron for field assistance. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JUL 12 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 29504 DI 10.1038/srep29504 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DQ7RF UT WOS:000379404400001 PM 27404274 ER PT J AU Friend, SE Lovy, J Hershberger, PK AF Friend, Sarah E. Lovy, Jan Hershberger, Paul K. TI Disease surveillance of Atlantic herring: molecular characterization of hepatic coccidiosis and a morphological report of a novel intestinal coccidian SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic herring; Clupea harengus; Coccidiosis; Goussia clupearum; Goussia echinata ID VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; MICROMESISTIUS-POUTASSOU RISSO; CLUPEA-PALLASII VALENCIENNES; N. SP APICOMPLEXA; SPARUS-AURATA L.; ASIAN SEA-BASS; VIRUS VHSV; MARINE FISH; NORTH-SEA AB Surveillance for pathogens of Atlantic herring, including viral hemorrhagic septi cemia virus (VHSV), Ichthyophonus hoferi, and hepatic and intestinal coccidians, was conducted from 2012 to 2016 in the NW Atlantic Ocean, New Jersey, USA. Neither VHSV nor I. hoferi was detected in any sample. Goussia clupearum was found in the livers of 40 to 78% of adult herring in varying parasite loads; however, associated pathological changes were negligible. Phylogenetic analysis based on small subunit 18S rRNA gene sequences placed G. clupearum most closely with other extraintestinal liver coccidia from the genus Calyptospora, though the G. clupearum isolates had a unique nucleotide insertion between 604 and 729 bp that did not occur in any other coccidian species. G. clupearum oocysts from Atlantic and Pacific herring were morphologically similar, though differences occurred in oocyst dimensions. Comparison of G. clupearum genetic sequences from Atlantic and Pacific herring revealed 4 nucleotide substitutions and 2 gaps in a 1749 bp region, indicating some divergence in the geographically separate populations. Pacific G. clupearum oocysts were not directly infective, suggesting that a heteroxenous life cycle is likely. Intestinal coccidiosis was described for the first time from juvenile and adult Atlantic herring. A novel intestinal coccidian species was detected based on morphological characteristics of exogenously sporulated oocysts. A unique feature in these oocysts was the presence of 3 long (15.1 +/- 5.1 mu m, mean +/- SD) spiny projections on both ends of the oocyst. The novel morphology of this coccidian led us to tentatively name this parasite G. echinata n. sp. C1 [Friend, Sarah E.; Lovy, Jan] New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Off Fish & Wildlife Hlth & Forens, 605 Pequest Rd, Oxford, NJ 07863 USA. [Hershberger, Paul K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. RP Lovy, J (reprint author), New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Off Fish & Wildlife Hlth & Forens, 605 Pequest Rd, Oxford, NJ 07863 USA. EM Jan.Lovy@dep.nj.gov FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act [FW-69-R-18]; New Jersey Hunters and Anglers Fund; 'Exxon Valdez' Oil Spill Trustee Council [10100132-I]; Fisheries Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area of the US Geological Survey FX We thank Gregory Hinks, Jason Hearon, and the NJDFW Bureau of Marine Fisheries. We are grateful for the assistance of the crew of the R/V 'Seawolf' and the R/V 'Zephyrus' in collecting fish samples for this study. We also thank the staff at the New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, particularly Denise Dicarlo-Emery, Lana Castellano, Sean Chadwick, Shannon Mann, Mala Ramachandra, and Wieslawa Wlaz, for their assistance in processing laboratory samples and Dr. Kyle Garver and the Herring Conservation and Research Society for providing Pacific herring and assisting with the project. This study was funded by the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act, Project FW-69-R-18 (J. Lovy, Principal Investigator); the New Jersey Hunters and Anglers Fund; the 'Exxon Valdez' Oil Spill Trustee Council, Project 10100132-I; and the Fisheries Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area of the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUL 7 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 2 BP 91 EP 107 DI 10.3354/dao03016 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA DS9LU UT WOS:000381105400001 PM 27409233 ER PT J AU Gregg, JL Powers, RL Purcell, MK Friedman, CS Hershberger, PK AF Gregg, Jacob L. Powers, Rachel L. Purcell, Maureen K. Friedman, Carolyn S. Hershberger, Paul K. TI Ichthyophonus parasite phylogeny based on ITS rDNA structure prediction and alignment identifies six clades, with a single dominant marine type SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Ichthyophonus; Parasite phylogenetics; Internal transcribed spacer; RNA secondary structure prediction; rDNA; Herring; Salmon; Halibut; Shad; Rainbow trout ID RNA SECONDARY STRUCTURE; FLOUNDER LIMANDA-FERRUGINEA; 5.8S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; NOVA-SCOTIA SHELF; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; CHINOOK SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; DNA-SEQUENCES; BAYES FACTORS; HOFERI AB Despite their widespread, global impact in both wild and cultured fishes, little is known of the diversity, transmission patterns, and phylogeography of parasites generally identified as Ichthyophonus. This study constructed a phylogeny based on the structural alignment of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences to compare Ichthyophonus isolates from fish hosts in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and several rivers and aquaculture sites in North America, Europe, and Japan. Structure of the Ichthyophonus ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 transcript exhibited several homologies with other eukaryotes, and 6 distinct clades were identified within Ichthyophonus. A single clade contained a majority (71 of 98) of parasite isolations. This ubiquitous Ichthyophonus type occurred in 13 marine and anadromous hosts and was associated with epizootics in Atlantic herring, Chinook salmon, and American shad. A second clade contained all isolates from aquaculture, despite great geographic separation of the freshwater hosts. Each of the 4 remaining clades contained isolates from single host species. This study is the first to evaluate the genetic relationships among Ichthyophonus species across a significant portion of their host and geographic range. Additionally, parasite infection prevalence is reported in 16 fish species. C1 [Gregg, Jacob L.; Hershberger, Paul K.] US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [Gregg, Jacob L.; Friedman, Carolyn S.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Powers, Rachel L.; Purcell, Maureen K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gregg, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA.; Gregg, JL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jgregg@usgs.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU North Pacific Research Board [1015]; 'Exxon Valdez' Oil Spill Trustee Council [10100132-I]; US Geological Survey Fisheries Program - Ecosystem Mission Area FX We sincerely thank the organizations that offered in-kind support, and personnel who collected fish and/or tissue samples for this project: Vanessa White, Pamela Jensen, Christie Shavey, Dan Cooper, and Lyle Britt, US National Marine Fisheries Service; Suzanne Romain, Justin Kavanaugh, Andrew Vatter, Kathy Bereza, and Neil Duffy, International Pacific Halibut Commission; Margaret Treble, Tim Siferd, Rick Rideout, and Fran Mowbray, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Ted Meyers, Barbi Failor and Willy Dunne, Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Caroline Cote, Patrick Gagnon and Guy Verreault, Ministry of Natural Resources and Wildlife Quebec; Caleb Slater, Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife; Jacqueline Benway, Renee St. Amand, and Jeffrey Eckart, Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection; Joseph Swann, District Department of Ecology; Brian Richardson, Chuck Stence, and Bob Sadzinski, Maryland Department of Natural Resources; Kathryn Sobocinski, Brian Watkins, Eric Hilton, and Ryan Norris, Virginia Institute of Marine Science; Mike Stangle, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control; Bennett Wynne, Jeremy McCargo, Ben Ricks, Kirk Rundle, Bill Collart, Jeff Evans, Barry Midgette, and Landon Beaver, North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission; Adam Kenyon, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources; Bill Post, Jarrett Gibbons, Alan Foster, and Carl Bussells, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; Don Harrison, Ed Bettross, and Chad Sexton, Georgia Department of Natural Resources; Reid Hyle, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; Gavin Glenny, Ken Lujan, Sara Engeldinger, Spencer Meinzer, Ken Blick, Andy Jackson, and Stephen Johnson, US Fish and Wildlife Service; Gudmundur Oskarsson, Marine Research Institute Iceland; Osamu Kurata, Nippon Veterinary and Life Sciences University, Japan; Nuno Marques Pereira, Oceanario de Lisboa, Portugal; George Savvidis, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Greece. Funding was provided by the North Pacific Research Board, Project No. 1015, the 'Exxon Valdez' Oil Spill Trustee Council, Project No. 10100132-I, and the US Geological Survey Fisheries Program - Ecosystem Mission Area. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Department of the Interior or the US Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUL 7 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 2 BP 125 EP 141 DI 10.3354/dao03017 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA DS9LU UT WOS:000381105400004 PM 27409236 ER PT J AU Meixell, BW Arnold, TW Lindberg, MS Smith, MM Runstadler, JA Ramey, AM AF Meixell, Brandt W. Arnold, Todd W. Lindberg, Mark S. Smith, Matthew M. Runstadler, Jonathan A. Ramey, Andrew M. TI Detection, prevalence, and transmission of avian hematozoa in waterfowl at the Arctic/sub-Arctic interface: co-infections, viral interactions, and sources of variation SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article DE Hematozoa; Blood parasites; Co-infection; Occupancy models; Detection probability; Haemoproteus; Leucocytozoon; Plasmodium; Influenza A Virus; Waterfowl ID BLOOD PARASITES; LEUCOCYTOZOON SIMONDI; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; MOLECULAR-DETECTION; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; BREEDING-SEASON; PASSERINE BIRDS; NORTH-AMERICA; MALARIA; INFECTIONS AB Background: The epidemiology of avian hematozoa at high latitudes is still not well understood, particularly in sub-Arctic and Arctic habitats, where information is limited regarding seasonality and range of transmission, co-infection dynamics with parasitic and viral agents, and possible fitness consequences of infection. Such information is important as climate warming may lead to northward expansion of hematozoa with unknown consequences to northern-breeding avian taxa, particularly populations that may be previously unexposed to blood parasites. Methods: We used molecular methods to screen blood samples and cloacal/oropharyngeal swabs collected from 1347 ducks of five species during May-August 2010, in interior Alaska, for the presence of hematozoa, Influenza A Virus (IAV), and IAV antibodies. Using models to account for imperfect detection of parasites, we estimated seasonal variation in prevalence of three parasite genera (Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, Leucocytozoon) and investigated how co-infection with parasites and viruses were related to the probability of infection. Results: We detected parasites from each hematozoan genus in adult and juvenile ducks of all species sampled. Seasonal patterns in detection and prevalence varied by parasite genus and species, age, and sex of duck hosts. The probabilities of infection for Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon parasites were strongly positively correlated, but hematozoa infection was not correlated with IAV infection or serostatus. The probability of Haemoproteus infection was negatively related to body condition in juvenile ducks; relationships between Leucocytozoon infection and body condition varied among host species. Conclusions: We present prevalence estimates for Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, and Plasmodium infections in waterfowl at the interface of the sub-Arctic and Arctic and provide evidence for local transmission of all three parasite genera. Variation in prevalence and molecular detection of hematozoa parasites in wild ducks is influenced by seasonal timing and a number of host traits. A positive correlation in co-infection of Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus suggests that infection probability by parasites in one or both genera is enhanced by infection with the other, or that encounter rates of hosts and genus-specific vectors are correlated. Using size-adjusted mass as an index of host condition, we did not find evidence for strong deleterious consequences of hematozoa infection in wild ducks. C1 [Meixell, Brandt W.; Arnold, Todd W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Meixell, Brandt W.; Smith, Matthew M.; Ramey, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Runstadler, Jonathan A.] MIT, Dept Biol Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Runstadler, Jonathan A.] MIT, Div Comparat Med, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Meixell, BW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.; Meixell, BW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM bmeixell@usgs.gov OI Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400; Meixell, Brandt/0000-0002-6738-0349 FU U.S. Geological Survey through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (K. Trust, Alaska Region, Migratory Bird Management); Delta Waterfowl Foundation; Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research; CRIP (Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis); NIAID funded Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) [HHSN272201400008C, HHSN266200700010C] FX We thank the numerous technicians who assisted with waterfowl captures and analysis of influenza swab and serum samples. This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (K. Trust, Alaska Region, Migratory Bird Management), Delta Waterfowl Foundation, and the Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research. The work was also supported by CRIP (Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis), an NIAID funded Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS; contracts HHSN272201400008C and HHSN266200700010C). David Andersen, Joseph Fleskes, and Julie Yee provided helpful comments that improved the manuscript. P. Flint provided valuable insight and analytical support. The use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 85 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 14 U2 21 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD JUL 7 PY 2016 VL 9 AR 390 DI 10.1186/s13071-016-1666-3 PG 18 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA DQ7KV UT WOS:000379387200001 PM 27387437 ER PT J AU Bevins, SN Dusek, RJ White, CL Gidlewski, T Bodenstein, B Mansfield, KG DeBruyn, P Kraege, D Rowan, E Gillin, C Thomas, B Chandler, S Baroch, J Schmit, B Grady, MJ Miller, RS Drew, ML Stopak, S Zscheile, B Bennett, J Sengl, J Brady, C Ip, HS Spackman, E Killian, ML Torchetti, MK Sleeman, JM Deliberto, TJ AF Bevins, S. N. Dusek, R. J. White, C. L. Gidlewski, T. Bodenstein, B. Mansfield, K. G. DeBruyn, P. Kraege, D. Rowan, E. Gillin, C. Thomas, B. Chandler, S. Baroch, J. Schmit, B. Grady, M. J. Miller, R. S. Drew, M. L. Stopak, S. Zscheile, B. Bennett, J. Sengl, J. Brady, Caroline Ip, H. S. Spackman, E. Killian, M. L. Torchetti, M. K. Sleeman, J. M. Deliberto, T. J. TI Widespread detection of highly pathogenic H5 influenza viruses in wild birds from the Pacific Flyway of the United States SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; SUBTYPE IDENTIFICATION; INHIBITION ASSAY; MIGRATORY BIRDS; DUCKS; ASIA; INFECTION; POULTRY; KOREA AB A novel highly pathogenic avian influenza virus belonging to the H5 clade 2.3.4.4 variant viruses was detected in North America in late 2014. Motivated by the identification of these viruses in domestic poultry in Canada, an intensive study was initiated to conduct highly pathogenic avian influenza surveillance in wild birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States. A total of 4,729 hunter-harvested wild birds were sampled and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was detected in 1.3% (n = 63). Three H5 clade 2.3.4.4 subtypes were isolated from wild birds, H5N2, H5N8, and H5N1, representing the wholly Eurasian lineage H5N8 and two novel reassortant viruses. Testing of 150 additional wild birds during avian morbidity and mortality investigations in Washington yielded 10 (6.7%) additional highly pathogenic avian influenza isolates (H5N8 = 3 and H5N2 = 7). The geographically widespread detection of these viruses in apparently healthy wild waterfowl suggest that the H5 clade 2.3.4.4 variant viruses may behave similarly in this taxonomic group whereby many waterfowl species are susceptible to infection but do not demonstrate obvious clinical disease. Despite these findings in wild waterfowl, mortality has been documented for some wild bird species and losses in US domestic poultry during the first half of 2015 were unprecedented. C1 [Bevins, S. N.; Gidlewski, T.; Baroch, J.; Grady, M. J.; Deliberto, T. J.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Dusek, R. J.; Bodenstein, B.; Ip, H. S.; Sleeman, J. M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Mansfield, K. G.; DeBruyn, P.; Kraege, D.; Rowan, E.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA USA. [Gillin, C.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR USA. [Thomas, B.] USDA Wildlife Serv, Salem, OR USA. [Chandler, S.] USDA Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. [Miller, R. S.] USDA Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Drew, M. L.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Caldwell, ID USA. [Stopak, S.] USDA Wildlife Serv, Boise, ID USA. [Zscheile, B.] USDA Wildlife Serv, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Bennett, J.; Sengl, J.] USDA Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV USA. [Brady, Caroline] Calif Waterfowl Assoc, Roseville, CA USA. [Spackman, E.] USDA ARS, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Killian, M. L.; Torchetti, M. K.] USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Bevins, SN (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM sarah.n.bevins@aphis.usda.gov OI Miller, Ryan/0000-0003-3892-0251; Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JUL 6 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 28980 DI 10.1038/srep28980 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DQ4MG UT WOS:000379177400001 PM 27381241 ER PT J AU Garcia, AM Alexander, RB Arnold, JG Norfleet, L White, MJ Robertson, DM Schwarz, G AF Garcia, Ana Maria Alexander, Richard B. Arnold, Jeffrey G. Norfleet, Lee White, Michael J. Robertson, Dale M. Schwarz, Gregory TI Regional Effects of Agricultural Conservation Practices on Nutrient Transport in the Upper Mississippi River Basin SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; SOUTHERN MINNESOTA; NITRATE SOURCES; SOIL-MOISTURE; DENITRIFICATION; PHOSPHORUS; CROPLAND; EMISSION; PROGRESS; INDIANA AB Despite progress in the implementation of conservation practices, related improvements in water quality have been challenging to measure in larger river systems. In this paper we quantify these downstream effects by applying the empirical U.S. Geological Survey water-quality model SPARROW to investigate whether spatial differences in conservation intensity were statistically correlated with variations in nutrient loads. In contrast to other forms of water quality data analysis, the application of SPARROW controls for confounding factors such as hydrologic variability, multiple sources and environmental processes. A measure of conservation intensity was derived from the USDA-CEAP regional assessment of the Upper Mississippi River and used as an explanatory variable in a model of the Upper Midwest. The spatial pattern of conservation intensity was negatively correlated (p = 0.003) with the total nitrogen loads in streams in the basin. Total phosphorus loads were weakly negatively correlated with conservation (p = 0.25). Regional nitrogen reductions were estimated to range from 5 to 34% and phosphorus reductions from 1 to 10% in major river basins of the Upper Mississippi region. The statistical associations between conservation and nutrient loads are consistent with hydrological and biogeochemical processes such as denitrification. The results provide empirical evidence at the regional scale that conservation practices have had a larger statistically detectable effect on nitrogen than on phosphorus loadings in streams and rivers of the Upper Mississippi Basin. C1 [Garcia, Ana Maria] US Geol Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC USA. [Alexander, Richard B.; Schwarz, Gregory] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Arnold, Jeffrey G.; White, Michael J.] ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 East Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Norfleet, Lee] USDA, Nat Resources & Conservat Serv, 101 East Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Robertson, Dale M.] US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Garcia, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC USA. EM agarcia@usgs.gov OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Program; U.S. Department of Agriculture Conservation Effects Assessment Program FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Program and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Conservation Effects Assessment Program. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 5 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 13 SI SI BP 6991 EP 7000 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b03543 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ7DE UT WOS:000379366300048 PM 27243625 ER PT J AU Sawai, Y Nagumo, T Nelson, AR AF Sawai, Yuki Nagumo, Tamotsu Nelson, Alan R. TI A brackish diatom, Pseudofrustulia lancea gen. et sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), from the Pacific coast of Oregon (USA) SO PHYTOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Pseudofrustulia lancea; brackish diatom; Washington; Oregon ID YAQUINA-ESTUARY; MUELLERIA BACILLARIOPHYTA; DISTRIBUTIONAL PATTERNS; SEA-LEVEL; ASSEMBLAGES; WASHINGTON; MORPHOLOGY; HUSTEDT; BAY AB Light and electron microscope observations show that a brackish diatom taxon should be classified as a new species of a new genus; Pseudofrustulia lancea gen. et sp. nov. We propose separating Pseudofrustulia from other similar genera such as Frickea, Frustulia, Amphipleura, Muelleria, and Envekadea on the basis of its thickened axial ribs, raphe endings, axial costae, morphology of helictoglossa, size of striae on valve surfaces, and areolae on the inner side between its axial ribs and raphe. Girdle bands may be another diagnostic feature for the separation of Pseudofrustulia from related taxa, but more detailed observations using SEM images are required to determine if bands are diagnostic. C1 [Sawai, Yuki] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Site C7 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. [Nagumo, Tamotsu] Nippon Dent Univ, Dept Biol, Chiyoda Ku, Fujimi, Tokyo 1028159, Japan. [Nelson, Alan R.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sawai, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Site C7 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. EM yuki.sawai@aist.go.jp RI Sawai, Yuki /D-3216-2013 OI Sawai, Yuki /0000-0001-7015-4361 FU Earthquake Hazards; Marine and Coastal Geology (Lewis through Eileen Hemphill-Haley at Alsea Bay) Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad) FX We thank Linda Gerson and Roger Lewis for their help collecting samples at Alsea Bay. Brian Atwater and Emily Smith helped with fieldwork near Astoria. Sampling was supported by the Earthquake Hazards (Gerson and Nelson at Alsea Bay; Atwater and Smith at Astoria) and Marine and Coastal Geology (Lewis through Eileen Hemphill-Haley at Alsea Bay) Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey. Sawai was funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad). We thank Jessica Pilarczyk for suggesting improvements on an early version of the manuscript. Comments by journal reviewers and Tina Dura greatly improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1179-3155 EI 1179-3163 J9 PHYTOTAXA JI Phytotaxa PD JUL 4 PY 2016 VL 267 IS 2 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.11646/phytotaxa.267.2.2 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DU1CE UT WOS:000381944300002 ER PT J AU Ray, AM Gould, WR Hossack, BR Sepulveda, AJ Thoma, DP Patla, DA Daley, R Al-Chokhachy, R AF Ray, Andrew M. Gould, William R. Hossack, Blake R. Sepulveda, Adam J. Thoma, David P. Patla, Debra A. Daley, Rob Al-Chokhachy, Robert TI Influence of climate drivers on colonization and extinction dynamics of wetland-dependent species SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE amphibian occupancy; breeding dynamics; climate; Grand Teton National Park; NPS Inventory & Monitoring; Special Feature: Science for Our National Parks' Second Century; wetlands; Yellowstone National Park ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; FROGS RANA-LUTEIVENTRIS; SALAMANDER AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM; UNITED-STATES; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; POPULATION DECLINES; NORTH-AMERICA; LANDSCAPE; IMPACTS; PLASTICITY AB Freshwater wetlands are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Specifically, changes in temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration (i.e., climate drivers) are likely to alter flooding regimes of wetlands and affect the vital rates, abundance, and distributions of wetland-dependent species. Amphibians may be among the most climate-sensitive wetland-dependent groups, as many species rely on shallow or intermittently flooded wetland habitats for breeding. Here, we integrated multiple years of high-resolution gridded climate and amphibian monitoring data from Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks to explicitly model how variations in climate drivers and habitat conditions affect the occurrence and breeding dynamics (i.e., annual extinction and colonization rates) of amphibians. Our results showed that models incorporating climate drivers outperformed models of amphibian breeding dynamics that were exclusively habitat based. Moreover, climate-driven variation in extinction rates, but not colonization rates, disproportionately influenced amphibian occupancy in monitored wetlands. Long-term monitoring from national parks coupled with high-resolution climate data sets will be crucial to describing population dynamics and characterizing the sensitivity of amphibians and other wetland-dependent species to climate change. Further, long-term monitoring of wetlands in national parks will help reduce uncertainty surrounding wetland resources and strengthen opportunities to make informed, science-based decisions that have far-reaching benefits. C1 [Ray, Andrew M.; Thoma, David P.; Daley, Rob] Natl Pk Serv, Greater Yellowstone Inventory & Monitory Network, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Gould, William R.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Econ & Appl Stat, Box 30001,MSC 3CQ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Gould, William R.; Patla, Debra A.] Northern Rockies Conservat Cooperat, POB 2705, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Sepulveda, Adam J.; Al-Chokhachy, Robert] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Ray, AM (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Greater Yellowstone Inventory & Monitory Network, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM andrew_ray@nps.gov FU National Park Service's Greater Yellowstone Network; U.S. Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) FX A. Ray, B. Hossack, A. Sepulveda, D. Thoma, and R. Al-Chokhachy conceptualized the project. D. Patla served as lead for fieldwork, data collection, and data review over the course of the study. A. Ray, D. Thoma, and R. Daley assembled amphibian breeding and climate data. W. Gould completed statistical analyses and A. Ray, W. Gould, and R. Daley created figures and tables. A. Ray, W. Gould, B. Hossack, A. Sepulveda, D. Thoma, D. Patla, and R. Al-Chokhachy wrote the manuscript. We acknowledge the efforts of current and past field crews that collectively produced the data available for this analysis. We recognize our debt to P.S. Corn for his leadership in conceiving and establishing this and other amphibian monitoring programs in national parks and to C.R. Peterson for his contributions to our understanding of amphibian natural history and for his efforts to implement monitoring in the Greater Yellowstone Area. We thank B. Halstead for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative has been an important partner for the monitoring work discussed. Funding for this effort was provided by the National Park Service's Greater Yellowstone Network and the U.S. Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is descriptive and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This manuscript is ARMI product no. 550. NR 94 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUL PY 2016 VL 7 IS 7 AR e01409 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1409 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK3FK UT WOS:000393811600002 ER PT J AU Wagner, T Fergus, CE Stow, CA Cheruvelil, KS Soranno, PA AF Wagner, Tyler Fergus, C. Emi Stow, Craig A. Cheruvelil, Kendra S. Soranno, Patricia A. TI The statistical power to detect cross-scale interactions at macroscales SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll a; cross-scale interactions; lake; land use/cover; statistical power; total nutrients ID TOTAL PHOSPHORUS; SPATIAL SCALE; SAMPLE-SIZES; MACROSYSTEMS; LANDSCAPE; DRIVERS; ECOLOGY; LAKES; ORGANIZATION; CHLOROPHYLL AB Macroscale studies of ecological phenomena are increasingly common because stressors such as climate and land-use change operate at large spatial and temporal scales. Cross-scale interactions (CSIs), where ecological processes operating at one spatial or temporal scale interact with processes operating at another scale, have been documented in a variety of ecosystems and contribute to complex system dynamics. However, studies investigating CSIs are often dependent on compiling multiple data sets from different sources to create multithematic, multiscaled data sets, which results in structurally complex, and sometimes incomplete data sets. The statistical power to detect CSIs needs to be evaluated because of their importance and the challenge of quantifying CSIs using data sets with complex structures and missing observations. We studied this problem using a spatially hierarchical model that measures CSIs between regional agriculture and its effects on the relationship between lake nutrients and lake productivity. We used an existing large multithematic, multiscaled database, LAke multiscaled GeOSpatial, and temporal database (LAGOS), to parameterize the power analysis simulations. We found that the power to detect CSIs was more strongly related to the number of regions in the study rather than the number of lakes nested within each region. CSI power analyses will not only help ecologists design large-scale studies aimed at detecting CSIs, but will also focus attention on CSI effect sizes and the degree to which they are ecologically relevant and detectable with large data sets. C1 [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fergus, C. Emi; Cheruvelil, Kendra S.; Soranno, Patricia A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA Great Lakes Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Cheruvelil, Kendra S.] Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Coll, E Lansing, MI 48825 USA. RP Wagner, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM txw19@psu.edu OI Soranno, Patricia/0000-0003-1668-9271 FU U.S. National Science Foundation MacroSystems Biology Program in the Biological Sciences Directorate [EF-1065786, EF-1065649, EF-1065818] FX Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is GLERL contribution number 1815. This study was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation MacroSystems Biology Program in the Biological Sciences Directorate (EF-1065786, EF-1065649, and EF-1065818). TW came up with the idea for the manuscript and led the effort. All authors contributed to refining the question and interpreting the results. TW performed all statistical analyses. TW wrote the first draft of all sections of the manuscript except for the introduction, which was written by CEF. All authors conducted reviews of the MS drafts and approved the final version. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUL PY 2016 VL 7 IS 7 AR e01417 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1417 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK3FK UT WOS:000393811600005 ER PT J AU Lynch, AJ Myers, BJE Chu, C Eby, LA Falke, JA Kovach, RP Krabbenhoft, TJ Kwak, TJ Lyons, J Paukert, CP Whitney, JE AF Lynch, Abigail J. Myers, Bonnie J. E. Chu, Cindy Eby, Lisa A. Falke, Jeffrey A. Kovach, Ryan P. Krabbenhoft, Trevor J. Kwak, Thomas J. Lyons, John Paukert, Craig P. Whitney, James E. TI Climate Change Effects on North American Inland Fish Populations and Assemblages SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; JUVENILE SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; PINK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; REPRODUCTIVE PHENOLOGY; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; CONSERVATION STATUS; POTENTIAL IMPACTS AB Climate is a critical driver of many fish populations, assemblages, and aquatic communities. However, direct observational studies of climate change impacts on North American inland fishes are rare. In this synthesis, we (1) summarize climate trends that may influence North American inland fish populations and assemblages, (2) compile 31 peer-reviewed studies of documented climate change effects on North American inland fish populations and assemblages, and (3) highlight four case studies representing a variety of observed responses ranging from warmwater systems in the southwestern and southeastern United States to coldwater systems along the Pacific Coast and Canadian Shield. We conclude by identifying key data gaps and research needs to inform adaptive, ecosystem-based approaches to managing North American inland fishes and fisheries in a changing climate. C1 [Lynch, Abigail J.; Myers, Bonnie J. E.] USGS, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS-516, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Chu, Cindy] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Aquat Res & Monitoring Sect, Peterborough, ON, Canada. [Eby, Lisa A.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Falke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USGS, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Kovach, Ryan P.] USGS, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT USA. [Krabbenhoft, Trevor J.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Kwak, Thomas J.] North Carolina State Univ, USGS, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC USA. [Lyons, John] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Fish & Aquat Res Sect, Madison, WI USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Univ Missouri, USGS, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Whitney, James E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Whitney, James E.] Pittsburg State Univ, Dept Biol, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA. RP Lynch, AJ (reprint author), USGS, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS-516, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ajlynch@usgs.gov OI Lynch, Abigail J./0000-0001-8449-8392 FU USGS; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Alaska Department of Fish and Game and the University of Alaska Fairbanks (Alaska CFWRU); North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and North Carolina State University (North Carolina CFWRU); Missouri Department of Conservation, and University of Missouri (Missouri CFWRU) FX This work was developed through an expert workshop hosted by the USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC), and the USGS Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (CFWRU), held at the USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center (Bozeman, Montana) in June 2015. The participating CFWRUs are sponsored jointly by the USGS, the Wildlife Management Institute, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in addition to state and university cooperators: the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and the University of Alaska Fairbanks (Alaska CFWRU), the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and North Carolina State University (North Carolina CFWRU), the Missouri Department of Conservation, and University of Missouri (Missouri CFWRU). NR 132 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 8 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL PY 2016 VL 41 IS 7 SI SI BP 346 EP 361 DI 10.1080/03632415.2016.1186016 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DR8KY UT WOS:000380148000005 ER PT J AU Lorch, JM Palmer, JM Lindner, DL Ballmann, AE George, KG Griffin, K Knowles, S Huckabee, JR Haman, KH Anderson, CD Becker, PA Buchanan, JB Foster, JT Blehert, DS AF Lorch, Jeffrey M. Palmer, Jonathan M. Lindner, Daniel L. Ballmann, Anne E. George, Kyle G. Griffin, Kathryn Knowles, Susan Huckabee, John R. Haman, Katherine H. Anderson, Christopher D. Becker, Penny A. Buchanan, Joseph B. Foster, Jeffrey T. Blehert, David S. TI First Detection of Bat White-Nose Syndrome in Western North America SO MSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Pseudogymnoascus destructans; Washington; bat; white-nose syndrome ID GEOMYCES-DESTRUCTANS; SPREAD AB White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging fungal disease of bats caused by Pseudogymnoascus destructans. Since it was first detected near Albany, NY, in 2006, the fungus has spread across eastern North America, killing unprecedented numbers of hibernating bats. The devastating impacts of WNS on Nearctic bat species are attributed to the likely introduction of P. destructans from Eurasia to naive host populations in eastern North America. Since 2006, the disease has spread in a gradual wavelike pattern consistent with introduction of the pathogen at a single location. Here, we describe the first detection of P. destructans in western North America in a little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) from near Seattle, WA, far from the previously recognized geographic distribution of the fungus. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the isolate of P. destructans from Washington grouped with other isolates of a presumed clonal lineage from the eastern United States. Thus, the occurrence of P. destructans in Washington does not likely represent a novel introduction of the fungus from Eurasia, and the lack of intensive surveillance in the western United States makes it difficult to interpret whether the occurrence of P. destructans in the Pacific Northwest is disjunct from that in eastern North America. Although there is uncertainty surrounding the impacts of WNS in the Pacific Northwest, the presence of the pathogen in western North America could have major consequences for bat conservation. IMPORTANCE White-nose syndrome (WNS) represents one of the most consequential wildlife diseases of modern times. Since it was first documented in New York in 2006, the disease has killed millions of bats and threatens several formerly abundant species with extirpation or extinction. The spread of WNS in eastern North America has been relatively gradual, inducing optimism that disease mitigation strategies could be established in time to conserve bats susceptible to WNS in western North America. The recent detection of the fungus that causes WNS in the Pacific Northwest, far from its previous known distribution, increases the urgency for understanding the long-term impacts of this disease and for developing strategies to conserve imperiled bat species. C1 [Lorch, Jeffrey M.; Ballmann, Anne E.; George, Kyle G.; Griffin, Kathryn; Knowles, Susan; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Palmer, Jonathan M.; Lindner, Daniel L.] US Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI USA. [Huckabee, John R.] PAWS Wildlife Ctr, Lynnwood, WA USA. [Haman, Katherine H.; Anderson, Christopher D.; Becker, Penny A.; Buchanan, Joseph B.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA USA. [Foster, Jeffrey T.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mol Cellular & Biomed Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jlorch@usgs.gov OI Anderson, Christopher/0000-0002-0053-2002; Palmer, Jonathan/0000-0003-0929-3658 FU DOI \ U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); USDA \ U.S. Forest Service (USFS) FX This work, including the efforts of Jeffrey M. Lorch, was funded by DOI vertical bar U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This work, including the efforts of Daniel L. Lindner, was funded by USDA vertical bar U.S. Forest Service (USFS). NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2379-5042 J9 MSPHERE JI mSphere PD JUL-AUG PY 2016 VL 1 IS 4 AR e00148-16 DI 10.1128/mSphere.00148-16 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EI6DU UT WOS:000392586000011 ER PT J AU Crawford, JT Stanley, EH AF Crawford, John T. Stanley, Emily H. TI Controls on methane concentrations and fluxes in streams draining human-dominated landscapes SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE agriculture; urbanization; sediments; nutrients; methane; climate ID RICE FIELD SOIL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HEADWATER STREAM; NUTRIENT RETENTION; TERRESTRIAL CARBON; INTERIOR ALASKA; NITROGEN-CYCLE; HYPORHEIC ZONE; FINE SEDIMENT; INLAND WATERS AB Streams and rivers are active processors of carbon, leading to significant emissions of CO2 and possibly CH4 to the atmosphere. Patterns and controls of CH4 in fluvial ecosystems remain relatively poorly understood. Furthermore, little is known regarding how major human impacts to fluvial ecosystems may be transforming their role as CH4 producers and emitters. Here, we examine the consequences of two distinct ecosystem changes as a result of human land use: increased nutrient loading (primarily as nitrate), and increased sediment loading and deposition of fine particles in the benthic zone. We did not find support for the hypothesis that enhanced nitrate loading down-regulates methane production via thermodynamic or toxic effects. We did find strong evidence that increased sedimentation and enhanced organic matter content of the benthos lead to greater methane production (diffusive + ebullitive flux) relative to pristine fluvial systems in northern Wisconsin (upper Midwest, USA). Overall, streams in a human-dominated landscape of southern Wisconsin were major regional sources of CH4 to the atmosphere, equivalent to similar to 20% of dairy cattle emissions, or similar to 50% of a landfill's annual emissions. We suggest that restoration of the benthic environment (reduced fine deposits) could lead to reduced CH4 emissions, while decreasing nutrient loading is likely to have limited impacts to this ecosystem process. C1 [Crawford, John T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Stanley, Emily H.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, 680 North Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Crawford, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jtcrawford@usgs.gov OI Stanley, Emily/0000-0003-4922-8121 FU U.S. Geological Survey Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets Program; U.S. Geological Survey Land Carbon Program; North Temperate Lakes LTER program [NSF DEB-0822700] FX Nick Gubbins and Ryan Hassemer assisted with field work and laboratory analyses. Partial funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets Program and the U.S. Geological Survey Land Carbon Program. Any use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Support for this study was provided by funding from the North Temperate Lakes LTER program, NSF DEB-0822700. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1581 EP 1591 DI 10.1890/15-1330 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR0NJ UT WOS:000379603900021 PM 27755752 ER PT J AU McMahon, PB Bohlke, JK Dahm, KG Parkhurst, DL Anning, DW Stanton, JS AF McMahon, P. B. Bohlke, J. K. Dahm, K. G. Parkhurst, D. L. Anning, D. W. Stanton, J. S. TI Chemical Considerations for an Updated National Assessment of Brackish Groundwater Resources SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID REVERSE-OSMOSIS DESALINATION; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; SALINITY SOURCES; UNITED-STATES; NEW-MEXICO; AQUIFER; WATER; USA AB Brackish groundwater (BGW) is increasingly used for water supplies where fresh water is scarce, but the distribution and availability of such resources have not been characterized at the national scale in the United States since the 1960s. Apart from its distribution and accessibility, BGW usability is a function of the chemical requirements of the intended use, chemical characteristics of the resource, and treatment options to make the resource compatible with the use. Here, we discuss relations between these three chemical factors using nationalscale examples and local case studies. In a preliminary compilation of BGW data in the United States, five water types accounted for the major-ion composition of 70% of samples. PHREEQC calculations indicate that 57-77% of samples were oversaturated with respect to barite, calcite, or chalcedony. In the study, 5-14% of samples had concentrations of arsenic, fluoride, nitrate, or uranium that exceeded drinking-water standards. In case studies of the potential use of BGW for drinking water, irrigation, and hydraulic fracturing, PHREEQC simulations of a hypothetical treatment process resembling reverse osmosis (RO) showed that BGW had the potential to form various assemblages of mineral deposits (scale) during treatment that could adversely affect RO membranes. Speciation calculations showed that most boron in the irrigation example occurred as boric acid, which has relatively low removal efficiency by RO. Results of this preliminary study indicate that effective national or regional assessments of BGW resources should include geochemical characterizations that are guided in part by specific use and treatment requirements. C1 [McMahon, P. B.] US Geol Survey, MS Denver Fed Ctr 415, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bohlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Dahm, K. G.] Bur Reclamat, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 67,Room 318, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Parkhurst, D. L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 53,Room G2226, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Anning, D. W.] US Geol Survey, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Stanton, J. S.] US Geol Survey, 5231 South 19th St, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. RP McMahon, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS Denver Fed Ctr 415, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pmcmahon@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Groundwater Resources Program FX This article was improved by the constructive reviews of Kevin Dennehy and anonymous reviewers for the journal. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Groundwater Resources Program. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD JUL-AUG PY 2016 VL 54 IS 4 BP 464 EP 475 DI 10.1111/gwat.12367 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA ED2ZK UT WOS:000388718600003 PM 26312379 ER PT J AU Feinstein, DT Fienen, MN Reeves, HW Langevin, CD AF Feinstein, Daniel T. Fienen, Michael N. Reeves, Howard W. Langevin, Christian D. TI A Semi-Structured MODFLOW-USG Model to Evaluate Local Water Sources to Wells for Decision Support SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE; GROUNDWATER AB In order to better represent the configuration of the stream network and simulate local groundwater-surface water interactions, a version of MODFLOW with refined spacing in the topmost layer was applied to a Lake Michigan Basin (LMB) regional groundwaterflow model developed by the U. S. Geological. Regional MODFLOW models commonly use coarse grids over large areas; this coarse spacing precludes model application to local management issues (e. g., surface-water depletion by wells) without recourse to labor-intensive inset models. Implementation of an unstructured formulation within the MODFLOW framework (MODFLOW-USG) allows application of regional models to address local problems. A "semi-structured" approach (uniform lateral spacing within layers, different lateral spacing among layers) was tested using the LMB regional model. The parent 20-layer model with uniform 5000-foot (1524-m) lateral spacing was converted to 4 layers with 500-foot (152-m) spacing in the top glacial (Quaternary) layer, where surface water features are located, overlying coarser resolution layers representing deeper deposits. This semi-structured version of the LMB model reproduces regional flow conditions, whereas the finer resolution in the top layer improves the accuracy of the simulated response of surface water to shallow wells. One application of the semi-structured LMB model is to provide statistical measures of the correlation between modeled inputs and the simulated amount of water that wells derive from local surface water. The relations identified in this paper serve as the basis for metamodels to predict (with uncertainty) surface-water depletion in response to shallow pumping within and potentially beyond the modeled area, see Fienen et al. (2015a). C1 [Feinstein, Daniel T.] USGS, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Fienen, Michael N.] USGS, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI USA. [Reeves, Howard W.] USGS, Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI USA. [Langevin, Christian D.] USGS, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA USA. RP Feinstein, DT (reprint author), USGS, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM dtfeinst@usgs.gov; mnfienen@usgs.gov; hwreeves@usgs.gov; langevin@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Office of Groundwater FX The U.S. Geological Survey Office of Groundwater provided funding for this project as part of the ongoing Glacial Aquifer System Groundwater Availability Study. The authors benefited from expert advice from Sorab Panday, GSI Environmental Inc. The authors also thank to Randall Hunt and Rodney Sheets, U.S. Geological Survey, for help in conceptualizing the application, and Rich Niswonger, U.S. Geological Survey, for help with the Newton-Raphson parameters required for convergence within MODFLOW-USG. The discerning comments of Joseph Hughes, U.S. Geological Survey and the journal reviewers were crucial to many elements of the presentation. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD JUL-AUG PY 2016 VL 54 IS 4 BP 532 EP 544 DI 10.1111/gwat.12389 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA ED2ZK UT WOS:000388718600009 PM 26757094 ER PT J AU Solder, JE Gilmore, TE Genereux, DP Solomon, DK AF Solder, John E. Gilmore, Troy E. Genereux, David P. Solomon, D. Kip TI A Tube Seepage Meter for In Situ Measurement of Seepage Rate and Groundwater Sampling SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; WATER DISCHARGE; COASTAL ZONE; DESIGN; LAKES AB We designed and evaluated a "tube seepage meter" for point measurements of vertical seepage rates (q), collecting groundwater samples, and estimating vertical hydraulic conductivity (K) in streambeds. Laboratory testing in artificial streambeds show that seepage rates from the tube seepage meter agreed well with expected values. Results of field testing of the tube seepage meter in a sandy-bottom stream with a mean seepage rate of about 0.5m/day agreed well with Darcian estimates (vertical hydraulic conductivity times head gradient) when averaged over multiple measurements. The uncertainties in q and K were evaluated with a Monte Carlo method and are typically 20% and 60%, respectively, for field data, and depend on the magnitude of the hydraulic gradient and the uncertainty in head measurements. The primary advantages of the tube seepage meter are its small footprint, concurrent and colocated assessments of q and K, and that it can also be configured as a self-purging groundwater-sampling device. C1 [Solder, John E.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Solder, John E.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, 2329 W Orton Circle, West Valley City, UT 84112 USA. [Gilmore, Troy E.; Genereux, David P.] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gilmore, Troy E.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Solomon, D. Kip] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Solder, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, 2329 W Orton Circle, West Valley City, UT 84112 USA. EM jsolder@usgs.gov; gilmore@unl.edu; genereux@ncsu.edu; kip.solomon@utah.edu RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016; OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124; Solder, John/0000-0002-0660-3326 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1045134, EAR-1045162] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Donald Rosenberry for insightful discussions regarding seepage measurements and allowing us to test and compare the tube seepage meter to the half-barrel meter at the Denver Federal Center; Matt Burnette for providing assistance in the field; Jason Osborne for statistical consulting; three anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved previous versions of this manuscript; and the National Science Foundation for funding this research under Awards EAR-1045134 and EAR-1045162. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD JUL-AUG PY 2016 VL 54 IS 4 BP 588 EP 595 DI 10.1111/gwat.12388 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA ED2ZK UT WOS:000388718600014 PM 26683886 ER PT J AU Major, JJ Bertin, D Pierson, TC Amigo, A Iroume, A Ulloa, H Castro, J AF Major, Jon J. Bertin, Daniel Pierson, Thomas C. Amigo, Alvaro Iroume, Andres Ulloa, Hector Castro, Jonathan TI Extraordinary sediment delivery and rapid geomorphic response following the 2008-2009 eruption of Chaiten Volcano, Chile SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; BED-LOAD TRANSPORT; SCALE DAM REMOVAL; HYPERCONCENTRATED FLOW; CHANNEL RESPONSE; SOUTHERN CHILE; SUSPENDED-LOAD; UNZEN VOLCANO; ELWHA RIVER; WASHINGTON AB The 10 day explosive phase of the 2008-2009 eruption of Chaiten volcano, Chile, draped adjacent watersheds with a few cm to >1 m of tephra. Subsequent lava-dome collapses generated pyroclastic flows that delivered additional sediment. During the waning phase of explosive activity, modest rainfall triggered an extraordinary sediment flush which swiftly aggraded multiple channels by many meters. Ten kilometer from the volcano, Chaiten River channel aggraded 7 m and the river avulsed through a coastal town. That aggradation and delta growth below the abandoned and avulsed channels allow estimates of postdisturbance traction-load transport rate. On the basis of preeruption bathymetry and remotely sensed measurements of delta-surface growth, we derived a time series of delta volume. The initial flush from 11 to 14 May 2008 deposited 0.5-1.5 x 10(6) m(3) of sediment at the mouth of Chaiten River. By 26 May, after channel avulsion, a second delta amassed about 2 x 10(6) m(3) of sediment; by late 2011 it amassed about 11 x 10(6) m(3). Accumulated sediment consists of low-density vesicular pumice and lithic rhyolite sand. Rates of channel aggradation and delta growth, channel width, and an assumed deposit bulk density of 1100-1500 kg m(-3) indicate mean traction-load transport rate just before and shortly after avulsion (similar to 14-15 May) was very high, possibly as great as several tens of kg s(-1) m(-1). From October 2008 to December 2011, mean traction-load transport rate declined from about 7 to 0.4 kg(-1) m(-1). Despite extraordinary sediment delivery, disturbed channels recovered rapidly (a few years). C1 [Major, Jon J.; Pierson, Thomas C.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Bertin, Daniel; Amigo, Alvaro] Serv Nacl Geol & Mineria, Temuco, Chile. [Amigo, Alvaro] Univ Chile, Ctr Excelencia Geotermia Andes, Santiago, Chile. [Iroume, Andres; Ulloa, Hector] Univ Austral Chile, Fac Forest Sci & Nat Resources, Valdivia, Chile. [Castro, Jonathan] Univ Mainz Johannes Gutenberg Univ, Inst Geosci, Mainz, Germany. RP Major, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. EM jjmajor@usgs.gov OI Major, Jon/0000-0003-2449-4466 FU U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Science Center; SERNAGEOMIN's Programa de Riesgos Volcanicos; Conicyt Fondecyt grants [1110609, 1141064, 11130671]; Conicyt Fondap [15090013]; Vamos Research Centre FX We thank Ben Mirus and Christian Mohr for encouraging this contribution. The U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Science Center, SERNAGEOMIN's Programa de Riesgos Volcanicos, Conicyt Fondecyt grants 1110609, 1141064, and 11130671, Conicyt Fondap grant 15090013, and the Vamos Research Centre provided support. Fred Swanson, Charlie Crisafulli, and Rick Hoblitt provided field assistance and graciously shared data. Data supporting transport computations, comparisons, and interpretations are provided in Supporting Information. We thank John Laronne, Basil Gomez, James Bathurst, and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful comments and critiques of an earlier version of this paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 88 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 52 IS 7 BP 5075 EP 5094 DI 10.1002/2015WR018250 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DW5KO UT WOS:000383683800007 ER PT J AU Briggs, MA Buckley, SF Bagtzoglou, AC Werkema, DD Lane, JW AF Briggs, Martin A. Buckley, Sean F. Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C. Werkema, Dale D. Lane, John W., Jr. TI Actively heated high-resolution fiber-optic-distributed temperature sensing to quantify streambed flow dynamics in zones of strong groundwater upwelling SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WATER; TIME-SERIES; HYPORHEIC ZONES; THERMAL REFUGIA; FLUID-FLOW; DISCHARGE; EXCHANGE; RIVER; FIELD; DENITRIFICATION AB Zones of strong groundwater upwelling to streams enhance thermal stability and moderate thermal extremes, which is particularly important to aquatic ecosystems in a warming climate. Passive thermal tracer methods used to quantify vertical upwelling rates rely on downward conduction of surface temperature signals. However, moderate to high groundwater flux rates (>-1.5 m d(-1)) restrict downward propagation of diurnal temperature signals, and therefore the applicability of several passive thermal methods. Active streambed heating from within high-resolution fiber-optic temperature sensors (A-HRTS) has the potential to define multidimensional fluid-flux patterns below the extinction depth of surface thermal signals, allowing better quantification and separation of local and regional groundwater discharge. To demonstrate this concept, nine A-HRTS were emplaced vertically into the streambed in a grid with similar to 0.40 m lateral spacing at a stream with strong upward vertical flux in Mashpee, Massachusetts, USA. Long-term (8-9 h) heating events were performed to confirm the dominance of vertical flow to the 0.6 m depth, well below the extinction of ambient diurnal signals. To quantify vertical flux, short-term heating events (28 min) were performed at each A-HRTS, and heat-pulse decay over vertical profiles was numerically modeled in radial two dimension (2-D) using SUTRA. Modeled flux values are similar to those obtained with seepage meters, Darcy methods, and analytical modeling of shallow diurnal signals. We also observed repeatable differential heating patterns along the length of vertically oriented sensors that may indicate sediment layering and hyporheic exchange superimposed on regional groundwater discharge. C1 [Briggs, Martin A.; Buckley, Sean F.; Lane, John W., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Branch Geophys, Off Groundwater, Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Unit 3037, Storrs, CT USA. [Werkema, Dale D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Environm Measurement & Monitoring Div, Environm Chem Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Briggs, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Branch Geophys, Off Groundwater, Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM mbriggs@usgs.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources and Toxic Substance Hydrology Programs; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [DW-14-92381701] FX The authors thank Yuri Rupert and Sarah Morton for assistance with the field experiments, the town of Mashpee, Massachusetts, for access to the field site, and Steve Hurley of the Massachusetts Fish and Wildlife Service for data and discussions related to brook trout habitat. We also thank the Editors at WRR, Lanbo Liu for input on an early version of this manuscript, and USGS reviewer Donald Rosenberry. Funding for these studies was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources and Toxic Substance Hydrology Programs. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under assistance agreement number DW-14-92381701 to the USGS. The manuscript has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Data presented in this manuscript are available on the U.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Geophysics website (http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/bgas/). Quashnet River streamflow records can be found at: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 52 IS 7 BP 5179 EP 5194 DI 10.1002/2015WR018219 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DW5KO UT WOS:000383683800013 ER PT J AU Ransom, KM Grote, MN Deinhart, A Eppich, G Kendall, C Sanborn, ME Souders, AK Wimpenny, J Yin, QZ Young, M Harter, T AF Ransom, Katherine M. Grote, Mark N. Deinhart, Amanda Eppich, Gary Kendall, Carol Sanborn, Matthew E. Souders, A. Kate Wimpenny, Joshua Yin, Qing-zhu Young, Megan Harter, Thomas TI Bayesian nitrate source apportionment to individual groundwater wells in the Central Valley by use of elemental and isotopic tracers SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; BORON ISOTOPES; CONTAMINATION SOURCES; NITROGEN-ISOTOPE; FRESH-WATER; ANTHROPOGENIC CONTAMINATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRACING SOURCES AB Groundwater quality is a concern in alluvial aquifers that underlie agricultural areas, such as in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Shallow domestic wells (less than 150 m deep) in agricultural areas are often contaminated by nitrate. Agricultural and rural nitrate sources include dairy manure, synthetic fertilizers, and septic waste. Knowledge of the relative proportion that each of these sources contributes to nitrate concentration in individual wells can aid future regulatory and land management decisions. We show that nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of nitrate, boron isotopes, and iodine concentrations are a useful, novel combination of groundwater tracers to differentiate between manure, fertilizers, septic waste, and natural sources of nitrate. Furthermore, in this work, we develop a new Bayesian mixing model in which these isotopic and elemental tracers were used to estimate the probability distribution of the fractional contributions of manure, fertilizers, septic waste, and natural sources to the nitrate concentration found in an individual well. The approach was applied to 56 nitrate-impacted private domestic wells located in the San Joaquin Valley. Model analysis found that some domestic wells were clearly dominated by the manure source and suggests evidence for majority contributions from either the septic or fertilizer source for other wells. But, predictions of fractional contributions for septic and fertilizer sources were often of similar magnitude, perhaps because modeled uncertainty about the fraction of each was large. For validation of the Bayesian model, fractional estimates were compared to surrounding land use and estimated source contributions were broadly consistent with nearby land use types. C1 [Ransom, Katherine M.; Harter, Thomas] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grote, Mark N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anthropol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Deinhart, Amanda; Eppich, Gary] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kendall, Carol; Young, Megan] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Sanborn, Matthew E.; Souders, A. Kate; Wimpenny, Joshua; Yin, Qing-zhu] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Harter, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM thharter@ucdavis.edu OI Sanborn, Matthew/0000-0003-3218-1195 FU California State Water Resources Control Board [04-184-555-0, 11-168-150]; White Family Graduate Student Award FX Funding for our research was provided by the California State Water Resources Control Board contracts 04-184-555-0 and 11-168-150 as well as from the White Family Graduate Student Award (2014). We would like to thank Arash Massoudieh for his help with model development. In addition, we acknowledge the eight dairy land owners who have collaborated with us and allowed groundwater monitoring at their facilities and the many domestic well owners who allowed us to sample wells on their property. We are grateful for the suggestions of Randy L. Bassett and two anonymous reviewers. We would also like to express our appreciation to Bassett for motivating us almost a decade ago to consider keeping extra water samples from well sampling campaigns for later boron isotope analysis should the need arise. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 52 IS 7 BP 5577 EP 5597 DI 10.1002/2015WR018523 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DW5KO UT WOS:000383683800037 ER PT J AU Farmer, WH Vogel, RM AF Farmer, William H. Vogel, Richard M. TI On the deterministic and stochastic use of hydrologic models SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY AB Environmental simulation models, such as precipitation-runoff watershed models, are increasingly used in a deterministic manner for environmental and water resources design, planning, and management. In operational hydrology, simulated responses are now routinely used to plan, design, and manage a very wide class of water resource systems. However, all such models are calibrated to existing data sets and retain some residual error. This residual, typically unknown in practice, is often ignored, implicitly trusting simulated responses as if they are deterministic quantities. In general, ignoring the residuals will result in simulated responses with distributional properties that do not mimic those of the observed responses. This discrepancy has major implications for the operational use of environmental simulation models as is shown here. Both a simple linear model and a distributed-parameter precipitation-runoff model are used to document the expected bias in the distributional properties of simulated responses when the residuals are ignored. The systematic reintroduction of residuals into simulated responses in a manner that produces stochastic output is shown to improve the distributional properties of the simulated responses. Every effort should be made to understand the distributional behavior of simulation residuals and to use environmental simulation models in a stochastic manner. C1 [Farmer, William H.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Vogel, Richard M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Farmer, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM wfarmer@usgs.gov RI Vogel, Richard/A-8513-2008; OI Vogel, Richard/0000-0001-9759-0024; Farmer, William/0000-0002-2865-2196 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 52 IS 7 BP 5619 EP 5633 DI 10.1002/2016WR019129 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DW5KO UT WOS:000383683800039 ER PT J AU Coplen, TB Holden, NE AF Coplen, Tyler B. Holden, Norman E. TI Review of footnotes and annotations to the 1949-2013 tables of standard atomic weights and tables of isotopic compositions of the elements (IUPAC Technical Report) SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE artificial isotopic separation; atomic weight intervals; atomic weight variations; mononuclidic element; normal material; Oklo natural reactor; stable isotope; undisclosed isotopic fractionation ID OKLO AB The Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights uses annotations given in footnotes that are an integral part of the Tables of Standard Atomic Weights to alert users to the possibilities of quite extraordinary occurrences, as well as sources with abnormal atomic-weight values outside an otherwise acceptable range. The basic need for footnotes to the Standard Atomic Weights Table and equivalent annotations to the Table of Isotopic Compositions of the Elements arises from the necessity to provide users with information that is relevant to one or more elements, but that cannot be provided using numerical data in columns. Any desire to increase additional information conveyed by annotations to these Tables is tempered by the need to preserve a compact format and a style that can alert users, who would not be inclined to consult either the last full element-by-element review or the full text of a current Standard Atomic Weights of the Elements report. Since 1989, the footnotes of the Tables of Standard Atomic Weights and the annotations in column 5 of the Table of Isotopic Compositions of the Elements have been harmonized by use of three lowercase footnotes, "g", "m", and "r", that signify geologically exceptionally specimens ("g"), modified isotopic compositions in material subjected to undisclosed or inadvertent isotopic fractionation ("m"), and the range in isotopic composition of normal terrestrial material prevents more precise atomic-weight value being given ("r"). As some elements are assigned intervals for their standard atomic-weight values (applies to 12 elements since 2009), footnotes "g" and "r" are no longer needed for these elements. C1 [Coplen, Tyler B.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Holden, Norman E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Coplen, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM tbcoplen@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX Comments by H. A. J. Meijer (University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands), J. Meija (National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada), and J.K. Bohlke (U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, USA) improved this work and are appreciated. The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this report possible. The following IUPAC project contributed to this Technical Report: 2015-030-2-200. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-4545 EI 1365-3075 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 88 IS 7 BP 689 EP 699 DI 10.1515/pac-2016-0203 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EB2KJ UT WOS:000387188700003 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, A Gladwin, M Coleman, GD Hord, N Howard, G Kim-Shapiro, DB Lajous, M Larsen, FJ Lefer, DJ McClure, LA Nolan, BT Pluta, R Schechter, A Wang, CY Ward, MH Harman, JL AF Ahluwalia, Amrita Gladwin, Mark Coleman, Gary D. Hord, Norman Howard, George Kim-Shapiro, Daniel B. Lajous, Martin Larsen, Filip J. Lefer, David J. McClure, Leslie A. Nolan, Bernard T. Pluta, Ryszard Schechter, Alan Wang, Chia-Yih Ward, Mary H. Harman, Jane L. TI Dietary Nitrate and the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease: Report From a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE national registry; nitrate; nitric oxide; nutrition ID N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS; PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION; VIVO ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; GASTRIC-CANCER RISK; INORGANIC NITRATE; VEGETABLE INTAKE; ENDOGENOUS NITROSATION; DRINKING-WATER; IN-VIVO C1 [Ahluwalia, Amrita] Queen Mary Univ London, William Harvey Res Inst, Barts & London Med Sch, London, England. [Gladwin, Mark] Univ Pittsburgh, Vasc Med Inst, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Coleman, Gary D.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hord, Norman] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Howard, George] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. [Kim-Shapiro, Daniel B.] Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Lajous, Martin] Nacl Salud Publ Mexico, Mexico, Albania. [Larsen, Filip J.] Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. [Lefer, David J.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. [McClure, Leslie A.] Drexel Univ, Dornsife Sch Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Nolan, Bernard T.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Pluta, Ryszard] NINDS, Bldg 36,Rm 4D04, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Schechter, Alan] NIDDKD, Bethesda, MD USA. [Wang, Chia-Yih] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Ward, Mary H.] NCI, Rockville, MD USA. [Harman, Jane L.] NHLBI, Div Cardiovasc Sci, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ahluwalia, A (reprint author), Queen Mary Univ London, William Harvey Res Inst, Charterhouse Sq, London EC1M 6BQ, England. EM a.ahluwalia@qmul.ac.uk FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute FX The workshop was convened and funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. NR 120 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2047-9980 J9 J AM HEART ASSOC JI J. Am. Heart Assoc. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 5 IS 7 AR e003402 DI 10.1161/JAHA.116.003402 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA EA6CT UT WOS:000386713800029 ER PT J AU Canales, AG Velazquez, CE Islas, L Hanson, RT Dausman, A AF Canales, Armando G. Velazquez, Carlos E. Islas, Luis Hanson, Randall T. Dausman, Alyssa TI Seawat Model for Saline Intrusion in Boca Abierta, Sonora Aquifer SO TECNOLOGIA Y CIENCIAS DEL AGUA LA Spanish DT Article DE Coastal aquifer; saline intrusion; Seawat model; prediction; double barrier of pumping wells AB The "Boca Abierta" Valley's aquifer at a coastal plain has been overexploited with the consequence of some high rate of contamination by saline intrusion of Seawater. The study objective was to test a double barrier of pumping wells to control salt water intrusion in Boca Abierta Valley aquifer by applying the model Seawat. In the calibration period 1990-2012 the difference between observed chloride concentration and the model calculated value in several wells got a value of residual mean square (RMS) of 2.87%. The predictive phase a simulation period of 20 years (2012-2032), with two locations for 10 pumping wells and flow rate of 120 1/s per well, in the named "double barrier 1" kept or reached gradually chloride concentration of water from the aquifer below the permitted value. C1 [Velazquez, Carlos E.; Islas, Luis] Inst Tecnol Sonora, Dept Ingn Civil, Campus Nainari,Antonio Caso S-N & E, Obregon 85130, Sonora, Mexico. [Hanson, Randall T.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego Projects Off, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Dausman, Alyssa] US Geol Survey, 1770 Corp Dr Suite 500, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. RP Islas, L (reprint author), Francisco Almada 614, Obregon, Sonora, Mexico. EM agcanales@live.com.mx; carlos.velazquez@itson.edu.mx; luis.islas@itson.edu.mx; rthanson@usgs.gov; adausman@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST MEXICANO TECHNOLOGIAAGUA PI MORELOS PA APARTADO POSTAL 202, MORELOS 62550 CIVAC, MEXICO SN 0187-8336 EI 2007-2422 J9 TECNOL CIENC AGUA JI Tecnol. Cienc. Agua PD JUL-AUG PY 2016 VL 7 IS 4 BP 155 EP 160 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA DZ6YS UT WOS:000386009900010 ER PT J AU Evangelista, PH Young, NE Schofield, PJ Jarnevich, CS AF Evangelista, Paul H. Young, Nicholas E. Schofield, Pamela J. Jarnevich, Catherine S. TI Modeling suitable habitat of invasive red lionfish Pterois volitans (Linnaeus, 1758) in North and South America's coastal waters SO AQUATIC INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE lionfish; species distribution model; Maxent; Generalized Linear Model; native and non-native species ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; WESTERN ATLANTIC; UNITED-STATES; NATIVE-RANGE; PREDICTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; MARINE; BIOGEOGRAPHY; CONSEQUENCES AB We used two common correlative species-distribution models to predict suitable habitat of invasive red lionfish Pterois volitans (Linnaeus, 1758) in the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans. The Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and the Maximum Entropy (Maxent) model were applied using the Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling. We compared models developed using native occurrences, using non-native occurrences, and using both native and non-native occurrences. Models were trained using occurrence data collected before 2010 and evaluated with occurrence data collected from the invaded range during or after 2010. We considered a total of 22 marine environmental variables. Models built with non-native only or both native and non-native occurrence data outperformed those that used only native occurrences. Evaluation metrics based on the independent test data were highest for models that used both native and non-native occurrences. Bathymetry was the strongest environmental predictor for all models and showed increasing suitability as ocean floor depth decreased, with salinity ranking the second strongest predictor for models that used native and both native and non-native occurrences, indicating low habitat suitability for salinities < 30. Our model results also suggest that red lionfish could continue to invade southern latitudes in the western Atlantic Ocean and may establish localized populations in the eastern Pacific Ocean. We reiterate the importance in the choice of the training data source (native, non-native, or native/non-native) used to develop correlative species distribution models for invasive species. C1 [Evangelista, Paul H.; Young, Nicholas E.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schofield, Pamela J.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Jarnevich, Catherine S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Young, NE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Nicholas.Young@Colostate.edu FU US Geological Survey (USGS) Invasive Species Program FX The authors thank the US Geological Survey (USGS) Invasive Species Program for funding this work. We also thank our colleagues at the USGS Fort Collins Science Center, the USGS Gainesville Center and the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University for their support, facilities and expertise. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or Colorado State University. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC PI HELSINKI PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND SN 1798-6540 EI 1818-5487 J9 AQUAT INVASIONS JI Aquat. Invasions PD JUL PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 BP 313 EP 326 DI 10.3391/ai.2016.11.3.09 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DZ5TP UT WOS:000385924700009 ER PT J AU Gustafson, DJ Cruse-Sanders, JM Bucalo, K Alley, H Kunz, M Alexander, ML Vankus, V Duplantier, M AF Gustafson, Danny J. Cruse-Sanders, Jennifer M. Bucalo, Kylie Alley, Heather Kunz, Michael Alexander, Mara L. Vankus, Victor Duplantier, Martin TI Survey of genetic diversity and seed germination rates of the southeastern endemic Symphyotrichum georgianum (Alexander) GL Nesom (Asteraceae) from large and small populations SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE candidate conservation agreement; genetic structure; Georgia aster; seed germination; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; NEXT-GENERATION; WILD RELATIVES; CLONAL GROWTH; POOLED DNA; PLANT; SUNFLOWER; CONSERVATION; MARKERS; DIFFERENTIATION AB Single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers were used to characterize the genetic structure of Symphyotrichum georgianum (Alexander) G.L. Nesom, known more commonly as the Georgia aster, from 26 populations across the species' range. This species is considered vulnerable (G3) and was a candidate for listing under the Endangered Species Act. We sampled large (> 500 stems) and small (< 100 stems) populations from across the entire range for the species. Next generation sequencing was used to assess 36 SNP markers for pooled population samples, consisting of equal amounts of genomic DNA from 30 individual stems sampled across each population. Most of the genetic variation was partitioned within and less among populations, which is consistent with perennial outcrossing species. There was a significant (r = 0.506, P < 0.001) positive association between geographic distance and genetic distance among populations, indicating increasing genetic distance (genetic dissimilarity) with increasing geographic distances between populations. There was no statistically significant difference in genetic diversity between large and small populations, but trends were observed. The Georgia and North Carolina large populations were more genetically diverse than the small populations, while the small populations were more genetically diverse than the large populations in Alabama and South Carolina. Symphyotrichum georgianum is an outcrossing perennial aster with a rhizomatous growth habit. Extensive clonal growth could account for the low genetic diversity estimates from large populations; however, quantifying the extent of clonal growth within sites is beyond the scope of the current study. There was no association between genetic diversity measures and seed fill or germination rates. Additional fine scale genetic structure studies are underway to address the extent of clonal growth in these remnant populations and how that may affect viable seed production. C1 [Gustafson, Danny J.] Citadel, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. [Cruse-Sanders, Jennifer M.; Bucalo, Kylie] Atlanta Bot Garden, 1345 Piedmont Ave NE, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. [Alley, Heather] State Bot Garden Georgia, Mimsie Lanier Ctr Native Plant Studies, 2450 South Milledge Ave, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Kunz, Michael] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina Bot Garden, CB3375, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Alexander, Mara L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Asheville Ecol Serv Field Off, 160 Zillicoa St, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Vankus, Victor] US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Seed Lab, 5675 Riggins Mill Rd, Dry Branch, GA 31020 USA. [Duplantier, Martin] Citadel, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. RP Gustafson, DJ (reprint author), Citadel, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. EM danny.gustafson@citadel.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service [10-CS-11080300-019]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [40181AJ197]; Citadel Foundation FX This research was funded by grants from U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service 10-CS-11080300-019 to J.C.S., U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 40181AJ197 to D.J.G., and The Citadel Foundation to D.J.G. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 EI 1940-0616 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 143 IS 3 BP 274 EP 284 DI 10.3159/TORREY-D-15-00026.1 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DY2OQ UT WOS:000384932300006 ER PT J AU Thoma, DP Munson, S Irvine, KM Witwicki, DL Bunting, EL AF Thoma, David P. Munson, Sethm. Irvine, Kathryn M. Witwicki, Dana L. Bunting, Erin L. TI Semi-arid vegetation response to antecedent climate and water balance windows SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Grazing; Normalized difference vegetation index; Pulse response; Soil moisture; Water balance ID PLANT-RESPONSES; SOUTHERN AFRICA; PRECIPITATION PULSES; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; NORTH-AMERICA; GREAT-PLAINS; TIME-SERIES; SOIL-WATER; NDVI; DYNAMICS AB Questions: Can we improve understanding of vegetation response to water availability on monthly time scales in semi-arid environments using remote sensing methods? What climatic or water balance variables and antecedent windows of time associated with these variables best relate to the condition of vegetation? Can we develop credible near-term forecasts from climate data that can be used to prepare for future climate change effects on vegetation? Location: Semi-arid grasslands in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah, USA. Methods: We built vegetation response models by relating the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from MODIS imagery in Mar-Nov 2000-2013 to antecedent climate and water balance variables preceding the monthly NDVI observations. We compared how climate and water balance variables explained vegetation greenness and then used a multi-model ensemble of climate and water balance models to forecast monthly NDVI for three holdout years. Results: Water balance variables explained vegetation greenness to a greater degree than climate variables for most growing season months. Seasonally important variables included measures of antecedent water input and storage in spring, switching to indicators of drought, input or use in summer, followed by antecedent moisture availability in autumn. In spite of similar climates, there was evidence the grazed grassland showed a response to drying conditions 1 mo sooner than the ungrazed grassland. Lead times were generally short early in the growing season and antecedent window durations increased from 3 mo early in the growing season to 1 yr or more as the growing season progressed. Forecast accuracy for three holdout years using a multi-model ensemble of climate and water balance variables outperformed forecasts made with a naive NDVI climatology. Conclusions: We determined the influence of climate and water balance on vegetation at a fine temporal scale, which presents an opportunity to forecast vegetation response with short lead times. This understanding was obtained through high-frequency vegetation monitoring using remote sensing, which reduces the costs and time necessary for field measurements and can lead to more rapid detection of vegetation changes that could help managers take appropriate actions. C1 [Thoma, David P.] Natl Pk Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Program, 2327 Univ Way, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Thoma, David P.; Witwicki, Dana L.] Natl Pk Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Program, POB 848, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Munson, Sethm.; Bunting, Erin L.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Irvine, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Thoma, DP (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Program, 2327 Univ Way, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.; Thoma, DP (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Program, POB 848, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM dave_thoma@nps.gov; smunson@usgs.gov; kirvine@usgs.gov; dana_witwicki@nps.gov; ebunting@usgs.gov OI Thoma, David/0000-0002-8001-1804 FU National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey Status and Trends Program; National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center FX This project was supported by funding from the National Park Service, the U.S. Geological Survey Status and Trends Program and the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. Nathan Piekielek developed code for downloading and pre-processing MODIS NDVI imagery. Dave Worthington, Sandy Borthwick and Terry Fisk of Capitol Reef National Park provided orientation to the study area. The authors are grateful for the helpful comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1402-2001 EI 1654-109X J9 APPL VEG SCI JI Appl. Veg. Sci. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 19 IS 3 BP 413 EP 429 DI 10.1111/avsc.12232 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA DX9XW UT WOS:000384751300006 ER PT J AU Munson, SM Long, AL Wallace, CSA Webb, RH AF Munson, Seth M. Long, A. Lexine Wallace, Cynthia S. A. Webb, Robert H. TI Cumulative drought and land-use impacts on perennial vegetation across a North American dryland region SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aridity; Climate change; Enhanced vegetation index; Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer; Protected areas; Remote sensing; Soil properties; Visitor use; Wildfire ID EARLY 21ST-CENTURY DROUGHT; MOJAVE-DESERT; LARREA-TRIDENTATA; PLANT MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; VARIABILITY; GRASSLANDS; SOUTHWEST; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS AB Question: The decline and loss of perennial vegetation in dryland ecosystems due to global change pressures can alter ecosystem properties and initiate land degradation processes. We tracked changes of perennial vegetation using remote sensing to address the question of how prolonged drought and land-use intensification have affected perennial vegetation cover across a desert region in the early 21st century? Location: Mojave Desert, southeastern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah and northwestern Arizona, USA. Methods: We coupled the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Enhanced Vegetation Index (MODIS-EVI) with ground-based measurements of perennial vegetation cover taken in about 2000 and about 2010. Using the difference between these years, we determined perennial vegetation changes in the early 21st century and related these shifts to climate, soil and landscape properties, and patterns of land use. Results: We found a good fit between MODIS-EVI and perennial vegetation cover (2000: R-2 = 0.83 and 2010: R-2 = 0.74). The southwestern, far southeastern and central Mojave Desert had large declines in perennial vegetation cover in the early 21st century, while the northeastern and southeastern portions of the desert had increases. These changes were explained by 10-yr precipitation anomalies, particularly in the cool season and during extreme dry or wet years. Areas heavily impacted by visitor use or wildfire lost perennial vegetation cover, and vegetation in protected areas increased to a greater degree than in unprotected areas. Conclusions: We find that we can extrapolate previously documented declines of perennial plant cover to an entire desert, and demonstrate that prolonged water shortages coupled with land-use intensification create identifiable patterns of vegetation change in dryland regions. C1 [Munson, Seth M.; Long, A. Lexine] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Wallace, Cynthia S. A.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Webb, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Munson, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM smunson@usgs.gov; along@usgs.gov; cwallace@usgs.gov; rhwebb@email.arizona.edu FU USGS Status and Trends Program; National Park Service FX The authors gratefully acknowledge P. Leitner, K. Veblen, R. Fulton and D. Housman for contributing plot-based estimates of perennial vegetation cover. This project was supported by the USGS Status and Trends Program and the National Park Service. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. S.M.M. conceived the project, obtained funding, directed analyses and led writing of the paper; A.L.L. conducted analyses; C.S.A.W. built the perennial vegetation models and conducted analyses; R.H.W. helped conceive the project and contributed data, and all authors contributed to the writing. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1402-2001 EI 1654-109X J9 APPL VEG SCI JI Appl. Veg. Sci. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 19 IS 3 BP 430 EP 441 DI 10.1111/avsc.12228 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA DX9XW UT WOS:000384751300007 ER PT J AU Qiu, KF Taylor, RD Song, YH Yu, HC Song, KR Li, N AF Qiu, Kun-Feng Taylor, Ryan D. Song, Yao-Hui Yu, Hao-Cheng Song, Kai-Rui Li, Nan TI Geologic and geochemical insights into the formation of the Taiyangshan porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit, Western Qinling Orogenic Belt, China SO GONDWANA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Geochronology; Geochemistry; Taiyangshan deposit; Porphyry copper-molybdenum; Western Qinling Orogenic Belt ID CONTINENTAL COLLISION ZONES; U-PB; ORE-DEPOSITS; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; STABLE-ISOTOPE; MINERAL SYSTEMS; MO DEPOSIT; HYDROTHERMAL EVOLUTION; LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE; SANJIANG REGION AB Taiyangshan is a poorly studied copper-molybdenum deposit located in the Triassic Western Qinling collisional belt of northwest China. The intrusions exposed in the vicinity of the Taiyangshan deposit record episodic magmatism over 20-30 million years. Pre-mineralization quartz diorite porphyries, which host some of the deposit, were emplaced at 226.6 +/- 6.2 Ma. Syn-collisional monzonite and quartz monzonite porphyries, which also host mineralization, were emplaced at 218.0 +/- 6.1 Ma and 215.0 +/- 5.8 Ma, respectively. Mineralization occurred during the transition from a syn-collisional to a post-collisional setting at ca. 208 Ma. A barren post-mineralization granite porphyry marked the end of post-collisional magmatism at 200.7 +/- 5.1 Ma. The ore bearing monzonite and quartz monzonite porphyries have a epsilon(Hf)(t) range from - 2.0 to + 12.5, which is much more variable than that of the slightly older quartz diorite porphyries, with T-DM2 of 1.15-1.23 Ga corresponding to the positive epsilon(Hf)(t) values and T-DM1 of 0.62-0.90 Ga corresponding to the negative epsilon(Hf)(t) values. Molybdenite in the Taiyangshan deposit with 27.70 to 38.43 ppm Re suggests metal sourced from a mantle-crust mixture or from mafic and ultramafic rocks in the lower crust. The delta S-34 values obtained for pyrite, chalcopyrite, and molybdenite from the deposit range from + 13 parts per thousand to + 4.0 parts per thousand, + 0.2 parts per thousand to + 1.1 parts per thousand, and + 5.3 parts per thousand to + 5.9 parts per thousand, respectively, suggesting a magmatic source for the sulfur. Calculated delta O-18(fluid) values for magmatic K-feldspar from porphyries (+ 13.3 parts per thousand), hydrothermal K-feldspar from stockwork veins related to potassic alteration (+ 11.6 parts per thousand), and hydro-thermal sericite from quartz-pyrite veins (+ 8.6 to + 10.6 parts per thousand) indicate the Taiyangshan deposit formed dominantly from magmatic water. Hydrogen isotope values for hydrothermal sericite ranging from -85 to -50 parts per thousand may indicate that magma degassing progressively depleted residual liquid in deuterium during the life of the magmatic-hydrothermal system. Alternatively, delta D variability may have been caused by a minor amount of mixing with meteoric waters. We propose that the ore-related magma was derived from partial melting of the ancient Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic middle to lower continental crust. This crust was likely metasomatized during earlier subduction, and the crustal magmas may have been contaminated with litho spheric mantle derived magma triggered by MASH (e.g., melting, assimilation, storage, and homogenization) processes during collisional orogeny. In addition, a significant proportion of the metals and sulfur supplied from mafic magma were simultaneously incorporated into the resultant hybrid magmas. (C) 2016 International Association for Gondwana Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Qiu, Kun-Feng; Song, Yao-Hui; Yu, Hao-Cheng; Song, Kai-Rui; Li, Nan] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Qiu, Kun-Feng; Taylor, Ryan D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Song, Yao-Hui] Airborne Survey & Remote Sensing Ctr Nucl Ind, Shijiazhuang 050000, Peoples R China. [Yu, Hao-Cheng] 7th Gold Detachment Chinese Armed Police Force, Yantai 264004, Peoples R China. RP Qiu, KF (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM kunfeng.qiu_cugb@qq.com; sutoby@126.com OI Taylor, Ryan D/0000-0002-8845-5290 FU National Basic Research Program [2015CB452605]; 111 Project [B07011]; Geological investigation work project of China Geological Survey [1212011121090]; Society of Economic Geologists Foundation; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; China Scholarship Council FX Drs. Craig Johnson and Cayce Gulbransen at USGS in Denver are thanked for providing access to stable isotope analysis facilities. We especially thank Senior Engineers Jun-Lie Zhou and Wang-Zhen Han at Gansu Nonferrous Metal Geological Exploration Bureau for their support in the field survey, and Erin Marsh at the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver for her assistance with the stable isotope analyses, and Richard Goldfarb, Jun Deng, Li-Qiang Yang, and Lin-Nan Guo for their helpful discussions. M. Santosh, Pirajno Franco, and Zhi-Ming Yang are thanked for their constructive and critical comments on the manuscript. This research was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program (2015CB452605), 111 Project (B07011), Geological investigation work project of China Geological Survey (1212011121090), and Society of Economic Geologists Foundation, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation and China Scholarship Council for Kun-Feng Qiu. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 148 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1342-937X EI 1878-0571 J9 GONDWANA RES JI Gondwana Res. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 35 BP 40 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.gr.2016.03.014 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DX9GU UT WOS:000384702400004 ER PT J AU McGuire, AD Koven, C Lawrence, DM Clein, JS Xia, JY Beer, C Burke, E Chen, GS Chen, XD Delire, C Jafarov, E MacDougall, AH Marchenko, S Nicolsky, D Peng, SS Rinke, A Saito, K Zhang, WX Alkama, R Bohn, TJ Ciais, P Decharme, B Ekici, A Gouttevin, I Hajima, T Hayes, DJ Ji, DY Krinner, G Lettenmaier, DP Luo, YQ Miller, PA Moore, JC Romanovsky, V Schadel, C Schaefer, K Schuur, EAG Smith, B Sueyoshi, T Zhuang, QL AF McGuire, A. David Koven, Charles Lawrence, David M. Clein, Joy S. Xia, Jiangyang Beer, Christian Burke, Eleanor Chen, Guangsheng Chen, Xiaodong Delire, Christine Jafarov, Elchin MacDougall, Andrew H. Marchenko, Sergey Nicolsky, Dmitry Peng, Shushi Rinke, Annette Saito, Kazuyuki Zhang, Wenxin Alkama, Ramdane Bohn, Theodore J. Ciais, Philippe Decharme, Bertrand Ekici, Altug Gouttevin, Isabelle Hajima, Tomohiro Hayes, Daniel J. Ji, Duoying Krinner, Gerhard Lettenmaier, Dennis P. Luo, Yiqi Miller, Paul A. Moore, John C. Romanovsky, Vladimir Schaedel, Christina Schaefer, Kevin Schuur, Edward A. G. Smith, Benjamin Sueyoshi, Tetsuo Zhuang, Qianlai TI Variability in the sensitivity among model simulations of permafrost and carbon dynamics in the permafrost region between 1960 and 2009 SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; climate change; permafrost; permafrost carbon feedback; sensitivity; soil carbon ID EARTH SYSTEM MODELS; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODELS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL CARBON; ARCTIC TUNDRA; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE; METHANE EMISSIONS; ACTIVE LAYER; C DYNAMICS AB A significant portion of the large amount of carbon (C) currently stored in soils of the permafrost region in the Northern Hemisphere has the potential to be emitted as the greenhouse gases CO2 and CH4 under a warmer climate. In this study we evaluated the variability in the sensitivity of permafrost and C in recent decades among land surface model simulations over the permafrost region between 1960 and 2009. The 15 model simulations all predict a loss of near-surface permafrost (within 3m) area over the region, but there are large differences in the magnitude of the simulated rates of loss among the models (0.2 to 58.8x10(3)km(2)yr(-1)). Sensitivity simulations indicated that changes in air temperature largely explained changes in permafrost area, although interactions among changes in other environmental variables also played a role. All of the models indicate that both vegetation and soil C storage together have increased by 156 to 954TgCyr(-1) between 1960 and 2009 over the permafrost region even though model analyses indicate that warming alone would decrease soil C storage. Increases in gross primary production (GPP) largely explain the simulated increases in vegetation and soil C. The sensitivity of GPP to increases in atmospheric CO2 was the dominant cause of increases in GPP across the models, but comparison of simulated GPP trends across the 1982-2009 period with that of a global GPP data set indicates that all of the models overestimate the trend in GPP. Disturbance also appears to be an important factor affecting C storage, as models that consider disturbance had lower increases in C storage than models that did not consider disturbance. To improve the modeling of C in the permafrost region, there is the need for the modeling community to standardize structural representation of permafrost and carbon dynamics among models that are used to evaluate the permafrost C feedback and for the modeling and observational communities to jointly develop data sets and methodologies to more effectively benchmark models. C1 [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Koven, Charles] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Lawrence, David M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Clein, Joy S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Xia, Jiangyang] China Normal Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Tiantong Natl Stn Forest Ecosyst, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Beer, Christian; Ekici, Altug] Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem ACES & Bolin Ctr, Stockholm, Sweden. [Burke, Eleanor] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Chen, Guangsheng; Hayes, Daniel J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen, Xiaodong] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Delire, Christine; Alkama, Ramdane; Decharme, Bertrand] Meteo France, GAME, CNRS, UMR 3589, Toulouse, France. [Jafarov, Elchin] Univ Colorado Boulder, Inst Arctic Alpine Res, Boulder, CO USA. [MacDougall, Andrew H.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Marchenko, Sergey; Nicolsky, Dmitry; Romanovsky, Vladimir] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Peng, Shushi; Ciais, Philippe] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, UMR 8212, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Peng, Shushi; Gouttevin, Isabelle; Krinner, Gerhard] Univ Grenoble Alpes, LGGE, UMR 5183, CNRS, BP53, Grenoble, France. [Rinke, Annette] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany. [Rinke, Annette; Ji, Duoying; Moore, John C.] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Saito, Kazuyuki; Hajima, Tomohiro; Sueyoshi, Tetsuo] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Integrated Climate Change Project Res, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Zhang, Wenxin; Miller, Paul A.; Smith, Benjamin] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden. [Bohn, Theodore J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Gouttevin, Isabelle] UR HHLY, Irstea, 5 Rue Doua,CS 70077, Villeurbanne, France. [Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Luo, Yiqi] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Schaedel, Christina; Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Schaedel, Christina; Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Schaefer, Kevin] Univ Colorado Boulder, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP McGuire, AD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK USA. EM admcguire@alaska.edu RI Krinner, Gerhard/A-6450-2011; Smith, Benjamin/I-1212-2016; Moore, John/B-2868-2013; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; OI Krinner, Gerhard/0000-0002-2959-5920; Smith, Benjamin/0000-0002-6987-5337; Moore, John/0000-0001-8271-5787; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; JAFAROV, ELCHIN/0000-0002-8310-3261; Rinke, Annette/0000-0002-6685-9219 FU National Science Foundation through Research Coordination Network program; National Science Foundation through Study of Environmental Arctic Change program; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research); University of Victoria; NSERC CGS; NSERC CREATE; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; European Union FP7-ENVIRONMENT project [PAGE21]; program CLASSIQUE of the French "Agence Nationale pour la Recherche"; Program for Risk Information on Climate Change, MEXT, Japan; Modeling the Regional and Global Earth System activity; Lund University Centre for the study of Climate and Carbon Cycle FX Support for this study was provided by the National Science Foundation through the Research Coordination Network program and through the Study of Environmental Arctic Change program, the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research), the University of Victoria, NSERC CGS, NSERC CREATE, Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101), the European Union FP7-ENVIRONMENT project PAGE21, the program CLASSIQUE of the French "Agence Nationale pour la Recherche," the Program for Risk Information on Climate Change, MEXT, Japan, the Modeling the Regional and Global Earth System activity, and the Lund University Centre for the study of Climate and Carbon Cycle. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The simulation data analyzed in this manuscript is available through the National Snow and Ice Data Center through e-mail request to Kevin Schaefer (kevin.schaefer@nsidc.org). NR 121 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 28 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JUL PY 2016 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1015 EP 1037 DI 10.1002/2016GB005405 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DV0BK UT WOS:000382582400004 ER PT J AU Cui, H Kaufman, AJ Xiao, S Peek, S Cao, H Min, X Cai, Y Siegel, Z Liu, XM Peng, Y Schiffbauer, JD Martin, AJ AF Cui, H. Kaufman, A. J. Xiao, S. Peek, S. Cao, H. Min, X. Cai, Y. Siegel, Z. Liu, X. -M. Peng, Y. Schiffbauer, J. D. Martin, A. J. TI Environmental context for the terminal Ediacaran biomineralization of animals SO GEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBONATE-ASSOCIATED SULFATE; SULFUR ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; PROTEROZOIC NAMA GROUP; YANGTZE GORGES AREA; SOUTH CHINA; DOUSHANTUO FORMATION; SEAWATER CHEMISTRY; GAOJIASHAN LAGERSTATTE; ORGANIC-CARBON; MARINE SULFATE AB In terminal Ediacaran strata of South China, the onset of calcareous biomineralization is preserved in the paleontological transition from Conotubus to Cloudina in repetitious limestone facies of the Dengying Formation. Both fossils have similar size, funnel-in-funnel construction, and epibenthic lifestyle, but Cloudina is biomineralized, whereas Conotubus is not. To provide environmental context for this evolutionary milestone, we conducted a high-resolution elemental and stable isotope study of the richly fossiliferous Gaojiashan Member. Coincident with the first appearance of Cloudina is a significant positive carbonate carbon isotope excursion (up to + 6 parts per thousand) and an increase in the abundance and S-34 composition of pyrite. In contrast, delta S-34 values of carbonate-associated sulfate remain steady throughout the succession, resulting in anomalously large (>70 parts per thousand) sulfur isotope fractionations in the lower half of the member. The fractionation trend likely relates to changes in microbial communities, with sulfur disproportionation involved in the lower interval, whereas microbial sulfate reduction was the principal metabolic pathway in the upper. We speculate that the coupled paleontological and biogeochemical anomalies may have coincided with an increase in terrestrial weathering fluxes of sulfate, alkalinity, and nutrients to the depositional basin, which stimulated primary productivity, the spread of an oxygen minimum zone, and the development of euxinic conditions in subtidal and basinal environments. Enhanced production and burial of organic matter is thus directly connected to the carbon isotope anomaly, and likely promoted pyritization as the main taphonomic pathway for Conotubus and other soft-bodied Ediacara biotas. Our studies suggest that the Ediacaran confluence of ecological pressures from predation and environmental pressures from an increase in seawater alkalinity set the stage for an unprecedented geobiological response: the evolutionary novelty of animal biomineralization. C1 [Cui, H.; Kaufman, A. J.; Peek, S.; Cao, H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cui, H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI USA. [Cui, H.] Univ Wisconsin, NASA Astrobiol Inst, Madison, WI USA. [Kaufman, A. J.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Xiao, S.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Min, X.; Cai, Y.] Northwest Univ, Dept Geol, Xian, Peoples R China. [Siegel, Z.] Bethesda Chevy Chase High Sch, Bethesda, MD USA. [Liu, X. -M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Peng, Y.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Schiffbauer, J. D.] Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Martin, A. J.] IPICYT, Div Geociencias Aplicadas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. [Peek, S.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cao, H.] Jilin Univ, Coll Earth Sci, Changchun 130061, Peoples R China. RP Cui, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM Huan.Cui@wisc.edu RI Xiao, Shuhai/A-2190-2009; OI Xiao, Shuhai/0000-0003-4655-2663; Cui, Huan/0000-0003-0705-3423 FU NASA Exobiology grant [NNX12AR91G, NNX15AL27G]; NSF Sedimentary Geology and Paleontology grant [EAR0844270, EAR1528553]; NSF [EAR1032156]; AAPG Grants-In-Aid Program Marilyn Atwater Memorial Grant; Explorers Club Washington Group grant; Carnegie Institution of Washington Postdoctoral Fellowship; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41572012] FX We thank Rebecca Plummer, Mike Evans, and Brittney Gaeta for their assistance in the UMD Paleoclimate CoLaboratory. This research is funded by the NASA Exobiology grant (NNX12AR91G to AJK and NNX15AL27G to SX), the NSF Sedimentary Geology and Paleontology grant (EAR0844270 and EAR1528553 to AJK; EAR1528553 to SX), the NSF grant (EAR1032156) to the Arizona LaserChron Center, the AAPG Grants-In-Aid Program Marilyn Atwater Memorial Grant to HC, the Explorers Club Washington Group grant to HC, the Carnegie Institution of Washington Postdoctoral Fellowship to XML, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant (41572012) to YC. Thanks to the party chief of the Gaojiashan village Fazhi Li for his warm-hearted assistance in the field. Thanks to James Farquhar and Heather M. Stoll for helpful comments. The manuscript also benefits from constructive reviews by Pedro J. Marenco, Marc Laflamme, and an anonymous reviewer. Thanks also to the editor Kurt Konhauser for handling this manuscript. NR 178 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1472-4677 EI 1472-4669 J9 GEOBIOLOGY JI Geobiology PD JUL PY 2016 VL 14 IS 4 BP 344 EP 363 DI 10.1111/gbi.12178 PG 20 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DW7BL UT WOS:000383806000002 PM 27038407 ER PT J AU Sorensen, PW Johnson, NS AF Sorensen, Peter W. Johnson, Nicholas S. TI Theory and Application of Semiochemicals in Nuisance Fish Control SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; Monitoring; Judas fish; Trapping; Removal; Disruption; Re-direction; Sea lamprey; Carp ID LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; MALE SEA LAMPREY; MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; COMMON CARP; CHEMOSENSORY ASSESSMENT; CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION; BEHAVIORAL EVIDENCE; MATING PHEROMONE; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; PEST-MANAGEMENT AB Controlling unwanted, or nuisance, fishes is becoming an increasingly urgent issue with few obvious solutions. Because fish rely heavily on semiochemicals, or chemical compounds that convey information between and within species, to mediate aspects of their life histories, these compounds are increasingly being considered as an option to help control wild fish. Possible uses of semiochemicals include measuring their presence in water to estimate population size, adding them to traps to count or remove specific species of fish, adding them to waterways to manipulate large-scale movement patterns, and saturating the environment with synthesized semiochemicals to disrupt responses to the natural cue. These applications may be especially appropriate for pheromones, chemical signals that pass between members of same species and which also have extreme specificity and potency. Alarm cues, compounds released by injured fish, and cues released by potential predators also could function as repellents and be especially useful if paired with pheromonal attractants in "push-pull" configurations. Approximately half a dozen attractive pheromones now have been partially identified in fish, and those for the sea lamprey and the common carp have been tested in the field with modest success. Alarm and predator cues for sea lamprey also have been tested in the laboratory and field with some success. Success has been hampered by our incomplete understanding of chemical identity, a lack of synthesized compounds, the fact that laboratory bioassays do not always reflect natural environments, and the relative difficulty of conducting trials on wild fishes because of short field seasons and regulatory requirements. Nevertheless, workers continue efforts to identify pheromones because of the great potential elucidated by insect control and the fact that few tools are available to control nuisance fish. Approaches developed for nuisance fish also could be applied to valued fishes, which suffer from a lack of powerful management tools. C1 [Sorensen, Peter W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 324 Skok Hall,St Paul Campus, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Johnson, Nicholas S.] US Geol Survey, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Sorensen, PW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 324 Skok Hall,St Paul Campus, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM soren003@umn.edu FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; NSF; NIH; Sea Grant; Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund FX This manuscript is contribution number 2061 of the Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We both thank the Great Lakes Fishery Commission for funding most of our work on sea lamprey semiochemicals. PWS also thanks the NSF, NIH, Sea Grant, and Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund for many years of support. Tyler Buchinger and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript as did the editor. Ratna Goshal kindly shared advise and some data. NR 119 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 EI 1573-1561 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 42 IS 7 BP 698 EP 715 DI 10.1007/s10886-016-0729-4 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DV7ES UT WOS:000383099600014 PM 27417504 ER PT J AU Zylberberg, M Van Hemert, C Dumbacher, JP Handel, CM Tihan, T DeRisi, JL AF Zylberberg, Maxine Van Hemert, Caroline Dumbacher, John P. Handel, Colleen M. Tihan, Tarik DeRisi, Joseph L. TI Novel Picornavirus Associated with Avian Keratin Disorder in Alaskan Birds SO MBIO LA English DT Article ID CHICKADEES POECILE-ATRICAPILLUS; BEAK DEFORMITIES; FAMILY PICORNAVIRIDAE; COMPLETE GENOME; RNA VIRUSES; WILD BIRDS; IDENTIFICATION; DISEASE; SUPERFAMILY; HEPATITIS AB Avian keratin disorder (AKD), characterized by debilitating overgrowth of the avian beak, was first documented in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) in Alaska. Subsequently, similar deformities have appeared in numerous species across continents. Despite the widespread distribution of this emerging pathology, the cause of AKD remains elusive. As a result, it is unknown whether suspected cases of AKD in the afflicted species are causally linked, and the impacts of this pathology at the population and community levels are difficult to evaluate. We applied unbiased, metagenomic next-generation sequencing to search for candidate pathogens in birds affected with AKD. We identified and sequenced the complete coding region of a novel picornavirus, which we are calling poecivirus. Subsequent screening of 19 AKD-affected black-capped chickadees and 9 control individuals for the presence of poecivirus revealed that 19/19 (100%) AKD-affected individuals were positive, while only 2/9 (22%) control individuals were infected with poecivirus. Two northwestern crows (Corvus caurinus) and two red-breasted nuthatches (Sitta canadensis) with AKD-consistent pathology also tested positive for poecivirus. We suggest that poecivirus is a candidate etiological agent of AKD. IMPORTANCE Avian keratin disorder (AKD) is an increasingly common disease of wild birds. This disease, characterized by beak overgrowth, was first described in the late 1990s and has been spreading rapidly both geographically and in terms of host species affected. AKD decreases host fitness and can be fatal. However, the cause of the disease has remained elusive, and its impact on host populations is poorly understood. We found a novel and divergent picornavirus in 19/19 AKD-affected black-capped chickadees that we examined but in only 2/9 control cases. We also found this virus in 4 individuals of 2 other passerine species that exhibited symptoms consistent with AKD. Our data suggest that this novel picornavirus warrants further investigation as the causative agent of AKD. C1 [Zylberberg, Maxine; DeRisi, Joseph L.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Zylberberg, Maxine; Dumbacher, John P.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Van Hemert, Caroline; Handel, Colleen M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Tihan, Tarik] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94140 USA. [DeRisi, Joseph L.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. RP Zylberberg, M; DeRisi, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.; Zylberberg, M (reprint author), Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA.; DeRisi, JL (reprint author), Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. EM MaxineZylberberg@gmail.com; joe@derisilab.ucsf.edu OI Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 FU US Geologic Survey; Michael and Katalina Simon; California Academy of Sciences; National Science Foundation (NSF); Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) FX This work, including the efforts of Caroline R. Van Hemert and Colleen Handel, was funded by US Geologic Survey. This work, including the efforts of Maxine Zylberberg and John Dumbacher, was funded by Michael and Katalina Simon. This work, including the efforts of John Dumbacher, was funded by California Academy of Sciences. This work, including the efforts of Maxine Zylberberg, was funded by National Science Foundation (NSF). This work, including the efforts of Joseph L. DeRisi, was funded by Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2150-7511 J9 MBIO JI mBio PD JUL-AUG PY 2016 VL 7 IS 4 AR e00874-16 DI 10.1128/mBio.00874-16 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DW1YQ UT WOS:000383440500030 ER PT J AU Erickson, RA Rees, CB Coulter, AA Merkes, CM Mccalla, SG Touzinsky, KF Walleser, L Goforth, RR Amberg, JJ AF Erickson, Richard A. Rees, Christopher B. Coulter, Alison A. Merkes, Christopher M. Mccalla, Sunnie G. Touzinsky, Katherine F. Walleser, Liza Goforth, Reuben R. Amberg, Jon J. TI Detecting the movement and spawning activity of bigheaded carps with environmental DNA SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Asian carp; bigheaded carp; environmental monitoring; fisheries management; invasive species detection ID SITE OCCUPANCY MODELS; SILVER CARP; ILLINOIS RIVER; ASIAN CARPS; HYPOPHTHALMICHTHYS-MOLITRIX; INVASIVE BIGHEAD; ECONOMIC COSTS; UNITED-STATES; LAKE-ERIE; FISH AB Bigheaded carps are invasive fishes threatening to invade the Great Lakes basin and establish spawning populations, and have been monitored using environmental DNA (eDNA). Not only does eDNA hold potential for detecting the presence of species, but may also allow for quantitative comparisons like relative abundance of species across time or space. We examined the relationships among bigheaded carp movement, hydrography, spawning and eDNA on the Wabash River, IN, USA. We found positive relationships between eDNA and movement and eDNA and hydrography. We did not find a relationship between eDNA and spawning activity in the form of drifting eggs. Our first finding demonstrates how eDNA may be used to monitor species abundance, whereas our second finding illustrates the need for additional research into eDNA methodologies. Current applications of eDNA are widespread, but the relatively new technology requires further refinement. C1 [Erickson, Richard A.; Rees, Christopher B.; Merkes, Christopher M.; Mccalla, Sunnie G.; Walleser, Liza; Amberg, Jon J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [Coulter, Alison A.; Touzinsky, Katherine F.; Goforth, Reuben R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rees, Christopher B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA USA. [Coulter, Alison A.] Southern Illinois Univ, Ctr Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Carbondale, IL USA. [Walleser, Liza] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Rhinelander, WI USA. RP Erickson, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. EM rerickson@usgs.gov RI Goforth, Reuben/B-1646-2010; OI Goforth, Reuben/0000-0001-6891-3146; Erickson, Richard/0000-0003-4649-482X; Merkes, Christopher/0000-0001-8191-627X FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; U.S. Geological Survey; Indiana Department of Natural Resources FX We thank JC Nelson for preparing Fig. 1. We thank PR Jackson, EA Murphy and the USGS Illinois Water Science Center for modelling discharge data. We thank DC Chapman for useful discussion about this manuscript and NR DeJager, JR Meinertz and MP Gaikowski for feedback on the manuscript. This work was supported through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (https://great-lakesrestoration.us) and the U.S. Geological Survey. Funding for the telemetry study and a portion of the egg collection came from the Indiana Department of Natural Resources. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This study was conducted in compliance with Purdue Animal Use and Care Committee Protocol 09-040. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 28 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 16 IS 4 BP 957 EP 965 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12533 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DV9SE UT WOS:000383281100011 PM 27087387 ER PT J AU Percy, MS Schmitt, SR Riveros-Iregui, DA Mirus, BB AF Percy, Madelyn S. Schmitt, Sarah R. Riveros-Iregui, Diego A. Mirus, Benjamin B. TI The Galapagos archipelago: a natural laboratory to examine sharp hydroclimatic, geologic and anthropogenic gradients SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-WATER LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE PATTERNS; SUSTAINABLE WATER-USE; MONTANE CLOUD FOREST; SANTA-CRUZ ISLAND; RED-BROWN EARTHS; VOLCANIC ISLAND; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; RAIN-FORESTS; PUERTO-RICO AB Poor understanding of the water cycle in tropical ecosystems has the potential to exacerbate water shortages and water crises in the region. We suggest that the Galapagos Islands provide an excellent proxy to regions across the tropics as a result of sharp hydroclimatic, anthropogenic, and pedohydrologic gradients across the archipelago. Hydroclimatic and pedohydrologic gradients are found across different elevations on single islands, as well as across the archipelago, whereas anthropogenic gradients reflect land use and land cover change across islands as population and growth in tourism have affected individual islands differently. This article highlights specific opportunities to further examine our understanding of the interactions between water and critical zone processes in tropical ecosystems, making connections between the Galapagos archipelago and much of the understudied tropics. The Galapagos archipelago offers a natural laboratory through which we can examine current threats to freshwater security as well as the dynamics of coupled natural and human systems. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Percy, Madelyn S.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Schmitt, Sarah R.; Riveros-Iregui, Diego A.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Mirus, Benjamin B.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Riveros-Iregui, DA (reprint author), Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM diegori@unc.edu NR 141 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA EI 2049-1948 J9 WIRES-WATER JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2016 VL 3 IS 4 BP 587 EP 600 DI 10.1002/wat2.1145 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DV4DH UT WOS:000382874800008 ER PT J AU Clark, BC Morris, RV Herkenhoff, KE Farrand, WH Gellert, R Jolliff, BL Arvidson, RE Squyres, SW Mittlefehldt, DW Ming, DW Yen, AS AF Clark, Benton C. Morris, Richard V. Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. Farrand, William H. Gellert, Ralf Jolliff, Bradley L. Arvidson, Raymond E. Squyres, Steven W. Mittlefehldt, David W. Ming, Douglas W. Yen, Albert S. TI Esperance: Multiple episodes of aqueous alteration involving fracture fills and coatings at Matijevic Hill, Mars SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Mars; aqueous; water; geochemistry; vein; coating; montmorillonite; smectite; phyllosilicate; sulfate; habitability; organics ID MERIDIANI-PLANUM; DEPOSITS; MONTMORILLONITE; IDENTIFICATION; CHEMISTRY; OUTCROPS; CRATER; SALTS AB In the search for evidence of past aqueous activity by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity, fracture-filling veins and rock coatings are prime candidates for exploration. At one location within a segment of remaining rim material surrounding Endeavour Crater, a set of "boxwork" fractures in an outcrop called Esperance are filled by a bright, hydrated, and highly siliceous (SiO2 similar to 66 wt%) material, which has overall a montmorillonite-like chemical composition. This material is partially covered by patches of a thin, dark coating that is sulfate-rich (SO3 similar to 21 wt%) but also contains significant levels of Si, Fe, Ca, and Mg. The simultaneous presence of abundant S, Si, and Fe indicates significant mineralogical complexity within the coating. This combination of vein and coating compositions is unlike previous analyses on Mars. Both materials are heterogeneously eroded, presumably by eolian abrasion. The evidence indicates at least two separate episodes of solute precipitation from aqueous fluids at this location, possibly widely separated in time. In addition to the implications for multiple episodes of alteration at the surface of the planet, aqueous chemical environments such as these would have been habitable at the time of their formation and are also favorable for preservation of organic material. C1 [Clark, Benton C.; Farrand, William H.] Space Sci Inst, 4750 Walnut, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Morris, Richard V.; Mittlefehldt, David W.; Ming, Douglas W.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.] USGS Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Gellert, Ralf] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Jolliff, Bradley L.; Arvidson, Raymond E.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Squyres, Steven W.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Yen, Albert S.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Clark, BC (reprint author), Space Sci Inst, 4750 Walnut, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM bclark@spacescience.org FU NASA FX Digital data not presented in numerical form in this paper can be accessed through the NASA Planetary Data System Geosciences Node (http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/). We are indebted to NASA for their support, including the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the many engineers and supporting scientists who have enabled continuation of the highly productive mission and discoveries of the MER Opportunity rover. Early recognition of the potential importance of the boxwork was championed by S.W. Ruff, and we thank him also for comments on an early draft of the manuscript. Bonnie Redding provided invaluable assistance in preparation of numerous products from MI images. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 4 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JUL-AUG PY 2016 VL 101 IS 7-8 BP 1515 EP 1526 DI 10.2138/am-2016-5575 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA DT4KW UT WOS:000381450500004 ER PT J AU Ehlmann, BL Swayze, GA Milliken, RE Mustard, JF Clarks, RN Murchie, SL Breit, GN Wray, JJ Gondet, B Poulet, F Carter, J Calvin, WM Benzel, WM Seelos, KD AF Ehlmann, Bethany L. Swayze, Gregg A. Milliken, Ralph E. Mustard, John F. Clarks, Roger N. Murchie, Scott L. Breit, George N. Wray, James J. Gondet, Brigitte Poulet, Francois Carter, John Calvin, Wendy M. Benzel, William M. Seelos, Kimberly D. TI Discovery of alunite in Cross crater, Terra Sirenum, Mars: Evidence for acidic, sulfurous waters SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Alunite; phyllosilicates; hydrothermal activity; lakes; groundwater; Mars; sediments; infrared spectroscopy; Invited Centennial article ID SOUTHERN WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; SULFATE ALTERATION; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SALINE LAKES; BASIN LAKES; SURFACE; DEPOSITS; MINERALS AB Cross crater is a 65 km impact crater, located in the Noachian highlands of the Terra Sirenum region of Mars (30 degrees S, 158 degrees W), which hosts aluminum phyllosilicate deposits first detected by the Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, L'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activitie (OMEGA) imaging spectrometer on Mars Express. Using high-resolution data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, we examine Cross crater's basin-filling sedimentary deposits. Visible/shortwave infrared (VSWIR) spectra from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) show absorptions diagnostic of alunite. Combining spectral data with high-resolution images, we map a large (10 km x 5 km) alunite-bearing deposit in southwest Cross crater, widespread kaolin-bearing sediments with variable amounts of alunite that are layered in <10 m scale beds, and silica- and/or montmorillonite-bearing deposits that occupy topographically lower, heavily fractured units. The secondary minerals are found at elevations ranging from 700 to 1550 m, forming a discontinuous ring along the crater wall beneath darker capping materials. The mineralogy inside Cross crater is different from that of the surrounding terrains and other martian basins, where Fe/Mg-phyllosilicates and Ca/Mg-sulfates are commonly found. Alunite in Cross crater indicates acidic, sulfurous waters at the time of its formation. Waters in Cross crater were likely supplied by regionally upwelling groundwaters as well as through an inlet valley from a small adjacent depression to the east, perhaps occasionally forming a lake or series of shallow playa lakes in the closed basin. Like nearby Columbus crater, Cross crater exhibits evidence for acid sulfate alteration, but the alteration in Cross is more extensive/complete. The large but localized occurrence of alunite suggests a localized, high-volume source of acidic waters or vapors, possibly supplied by sulfurous (H2S- and/or SO2-bearing) waters in contact with a magmatic source, upwelling steam or fluids through fracture zones. The unique, highly aluminous nature of the Cross crater deposits relative to other martian acid sulfate deposits indicates acid waters, high water throughput during alteration, atypically glassy and/or felsic materials, or a combination of these conditions. C1 [Ehlmann, Bethany L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ehlmann, Bethany L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Swayze, Gregg A.; Breit, George N.; Benzel, William M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Milliken, Ralph E.; Mustard, John F.] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02906 USA. [Clarks, Roger N.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Murchie, Scott L.; Seelos, Kimberly D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wray, James J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Gondet, Brigitte; Poulet, Francois; Carter, John] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Calvin, Wendy M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Ehlmann, BL (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Ehlmann, BL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.; Swayze, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ehlmann@caltech.edu; gswayze@usgs.gov RI Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015 OI Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751 NR 105 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 22 U2 22 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JUL-AUG PY 2016 VL 101 IS 7-8 BP 1527 EP 1542 DI 10.2138/am-2016-5574 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA DT4KW UT WOS:000381450500005 ER PT J AU Pierce, DW Cayan, DR AF Pierce, D. W. Cayan, D. R. TI Downscaling humidity with Localized Constructed Analogs (LOCA) over the conterminous United States SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Statistical downscaling; Climate modeling; Hydrology ID HYDROLOGICAL MODELING SYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LONG; IMPACTS; WEATHER; CMIP5 AB Humidity is important to climate impacts in hydrology, agriculture, ecology, energy demand, and human health and comfort. Nonetheless humidity is not available in some widely-used archives of statistically downscaled climate projections for the western U.S. In this work the Localized Constructed Analogs (LOCA) statistical downscaling method is used to downscale specific humidity to a 1 degrees/16 degrees grid over the conterminous U.S. and the results compared to observations. LOCA reproduces observed monthly climatological values with a mean error of similar to 0.5 % and RMS error of similar to 2 %. Extreme (1-day in 1- and 20-years) maximum values (relevant to human health and energy demand) are within similar to 5 % of observed, while extreme minimum values (relevant to agriculture and wildfire) are within similar to 15 %. The asymmetry between extreme maximum and minimum errors is largely due to residual errors in the bias correction of extreme minimum values. The temporal standard deviations of downscaled daily specific humidity values have a mean error of similar to 1 % and RMS error of similar to 3 %. LOCA increases spatial coherence in the final downscaled field by similar to 13 %, but the downscaled coherence depends on the spatial coherence in the data being downscaled, which is not addressed by bias correction. Temporal correlations between daily, monthly, and annual time series of the original and downscaled data typically yield values >0.98. LOCA captures the observed correlations between temperature and specific humidity even when the two are downscaled independently. C1 [Pierce, D. W.; Cayan, D. R.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, D. R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Pierce, DW (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dpierce@ucsd.edu FU California Energy Commission [500-10-041]; NOAA California Nevada Applications Program (CNAP) RISA award [NOAA NA11OAR4310150]; Department of Interior's (U.S. Geological Survey) Southwest Climate Science Center [USGS G12AC20518] FX We would like to thank a reviewer who made valuable suggestions that improved this work. This work was made possible by support from California Energy Commission, agreement #500-10-041, which is gratefully acknowledged. Additional support was provided by the NOAA California Nevada Applications Program (CNAP) RISA award NOAA NA11OAR4310150, and the Department of Interior's (U.S. Geological Survey) Southwest Climate Science Center, grant USGS G12AC20518. Computational resources in partial support of this work were provided by the NASA Earth Exchange (NEX) collaborative through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 47 IS 1-2 BP 411 EP 431 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2845-1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT1FM UT WOS:000381227100025 ER PT J AU Hess, TM Sumberg, J Biggs, T Georgescu, M Haro-Monteagudo, D Jewitt, G Ozdogan, M Marshall, M Thenkabail, P Daccache, A Marin, F Knox, JW AF Hess, T. M. Sumberg, J. Biggs, T. Georgescu, M. Haro-Monteagudo, D. Jewitt, G. Ozdogan, M. Marshall, M. Thenkabail, P. Daccache, A. Marin, F. Knox, J. W. TI A sweet deal? Sugarcane, water and agricultural transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Development; Livelihoods; Impact; Sugar; Water resources ID LAND-USE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL PHOSPHORUS STATUS; BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; SOUTH-AFRICA; SACCHARUM-OFFICINARUM; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; TIME-SERIES; BRAZIL; CANE AB Globally, the area of sugarcane is rising rapidly in response to growing demands for bioethanol and increased sugar demand for human consumption. Despite considerable diversity in production systems and contexts, sugarcane is a particularly "high impact" crop with significant positive and negative environmental and socio-economic impacts. Our analysis is focused on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which is a critical region for continued expansion, due to its high production potential, low cost of production and proximity, and access, to European markets. Drawing on a systematic review of scientific evidence, combined with information from key informants, stakeholders and a research-industry workshop, we critically assess the impacts of sugarcane development on water, soil and air quality, employment, food security and human health. Our analysis shows that sugarcane production is, in general, neither explicitly good nor bad, sustainable nor unsustainable. The impacts of expansion of sugarcane production on the environment and society depend on the global political economy of sugar, local context, quality of scheme, nature of the production system and farm management. Despite threats from climate change and forthcoming changes in the trade relationship with the European Union, agricultural development policies are driving national and international interest and investment in sugarcane in SSA, with expansion likely to play an important role in sustainable development in the region. Our findings will help guide researchers and policy makers with new insights in understanding the situated environmental and social impacts associated with alternative sugar economy models, production technologies and qualities of management. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hess, T. M.; Haro-Monteagudo, D.; Knox, J. W.] Cranfield Univ, Cranfield Water Sci Inst, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. [Sumberg, J.] Univ Sussex, Inst Dev Studies, Brighton BN1 9RE, E Sussex, England. [Biggs, T.] San Diego State Univ, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Georgescu, M.] Arizona State Univ, Coor Hall,975 S Myrtle Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Jewitt, G.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Ozdogan, M.] Univ Wisconsin, 1710 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Marshall, M.] World Agroforestry Ctr ICRAF, United Nations Ave,POB 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Thenkabail, P.] US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Daccache, A.] Mediterranean Agron Inst Bari IAMB, Via Ceglie 9, I-70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy. [Marin, F.] Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Biosyst Engn Dept, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Knox, JW (reprint author), Cranfield Univ, Cranfield Water Sci Inst, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. EM j.knox@cranfield.ac.uk RI Georgescu, Matei/G-5442-2011; Knox, Jerry/A-4793-2010; Daccache, Andre/B-2805-2009; OI Knox, Jerry/0000-0002-0473-6440; Hess, Tim/0000-0001-5834-4269; Sumberg, James/0000-0002-4626-5237; Haro-Monteagudo, David/0000-0002-7885-8248 FU THESIS project through Belmont Forum programme on global land use change and food security; USA (NSF grant) [EAR-1204774]; Brazil (FAPESP); [NERC NE/M005259/1] FX This research forms part of the THESIS project funded through Belmont Forum programme on global land use change and food security. The authors are grateful to their respective national funding research councils and agencies for supporting this research. The authors acknowledge funding from the UK (NERC NE/M005259/1), the USA (NSF grant EAR-1204774) and Brazil (FAPESP). Enquiries for access to the data referred to in this article should be directed to researchdata@cranfield.ac.uk. NR 142 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3780 EI 1872-9495 J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG JI Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 39 BP 181 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.003 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA DT0HS UT WOS:000381165100018 ER PT J AU Fudge, TJ Taylor, KC Waddington, ED Fitzpatrick, JJ Conway, H AF Fudge, T. J. Taylor, Kendrick C. Waddington, Edwin D. Fitzpatrick, Joan J. Conway, Howard TI Electrical stratigraphy of the WAIS Divide ice core: Identification of centimeter-scale irregular layering SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE ice core; boudin; paleoclimate; ice deformation; stratigraphy ID WD2014 CHRONOLOGY; OPTICAL SCANNER; DOME-C; GREENLAND; ANTARCTICA; DIFFUSION; RECORDS; GISP2; SYNCHRONIZATION; DISTURBANCE AB Multitrack electrical conductivity measurements imaged a continuous record of the two-dimensional electrical stratigraphy for the deepest 40% of the WAIS Divide ice core (1956m to 3405m, 11.5 to 68ka). The electrical stratigraphy showed clear banding driven primarily by annual variations. Centimeter-scale pinched layers and other irregularities were concentrated between 2700m and 2900m (27ka to 33ka); below 2900m, decreasing amplitude of conductance variations likely due to diffusion prevented confident interpretation of both annual and irregular layering. The effective diffusivity at -30 degrees C is 2.2x10(-8)m(2)yr(-1), approximately 5 times greater than for self-diffusion of water molecules, implying diffusion at grain boundaries. The irregular layering indicates that the centimeter-scale layering was disturbed in sections even though other records, such as atmospheric methane, indicate meter and larger layering is not compromised. Preservation of irregular layering at deposition is unlikely to be the cause of the identified irregular layering; instead, the irregular layering likely arises from variations in the deformation of ice. C1 [Fudge, T. J.; Waddington, Edwin D.; Conway, Howard] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Taylor, Kendrick C.] Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA. [Fitzpatrick, Joan J.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Fudge, TJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tjfudge@uw.edu RI Taylor, Kendrick/A-3469-2016 OI Taylor, Kendrick/0000-0001-8535-1261 FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [0944197, 0944191]; NSF [0230396, 0440817, 0944348, 0944266]; National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs FX The electrical measurements are available at http://nsidc.org/data/docs/agdc/nsidc0591/index.html. We thank Sean Michael, Tami Nguyen, Bryan Holmes, Evan Lewarch, and Paulene Roberts for many hours operating the ECM when the outside temperature was 100F warmer than in the freezer. We also thank Bryn Hubbard and two anonymous reviewers for improving the manuscript. This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) grants 0944197 (H.C. and E.D.W.) and 0944191 (K.C.T.). The authors appreciate the support of the WAIS Divide Science Coordination Office at the Desert Research Institute, Reno, NE, USA, and University of New Hampshire, USA, for the collection and distribution of the WAIS Divide ice core and related tasks (NSF grants 0230396, 0440817, 0944348, and 0944266). K.C.T. led the field effort that collected the samples. The National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs also funded the Ice Drilling Program Office (IDPO) and Ice Drilling Design and Operations (IDDO) group for coring activities; the National Ice Core Laboratory for curation of the core; the Antarctic Support Contractor for logistics support in Antarctica; and the 109th New York Air National Guard for airlift in Antarctica. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 121 IS 7 BP 1218 EP 1229 DI 10.1002/2016JF003845 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DV0AZ UT WOS:000382581200002 ER PT J AU MacGregor, JA Fahnestock, MA Catania, GA Aschwanden, A Clow, GD Colgan, WT Gogineni, SP Morlighem, M Nowicki, SMJ Paden, JD Price, SF Seroussi, H AF MacGregor, Joseph A. Fahnestock, Mark A. Catania, Ginny A. Aschwanden, Andy Clow, Gary D. Colgan, William T. Gogineni, S. Prasad Morlighem, Mathieu Nowicki, Sophie M. J. Paden, John D. Price, Stephen F. Seroussi, Helene TI A synthesis of the basal thermal state of the Greenland Ice Sheet SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE Greenland Ice Sheet; ice sheet thermodynamics; remote sensing; radar sounding; Northeast Greenland Ice Stream ID GEOTHERMAL HEAT-FLUX; BORE-HOLE SURVEY; SEA-LEVEL RISE; NORTHEAST GREENLAND; WEST ANTARCTICA; FAST-FLOW; JAKOBSHAVNS-ISBRAE; CLIMATE SCENARIOS; THWAITES GLACIER; SUBGLACIAL LAKES AB The basal thermal state of an ice sheet (frozen or thawed) is an important control upon its evolution, dynamics, and response to external forcings. However, this state can only be observed directly at sparse boreholes or inferred conclusively from the presence of subglacial lakes. Here we synthesize spatially extensive inferences of the basal thermal state of the Greenland Ice Sheet to better constrain this state. Existing inferences include outputs from the eight thermomechanical ice-flow models included in the Sea Level Response to Ice Sheet Evolution (SeaRISE) effort. New remote-sensing inferences of the basal thermal state are derived from Holocene radiostratigraphy, modern surface velocity, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery. Both thermomechanical modeling and remote inferences generally agree that the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream and large portions of the southwestern ice-drainage systems are thawed at the bed, whereas the bed beneath the central ice divides, particularly their west facing slopes, is frozen. Elsewhere, there is poorer agreement regarding the basal thermal state. Both models and remote inferences rarely represent the borehole-observed basal thermal state accurately near NorthGRIP and DYE-3. This synthesis identifies a large portion of the Greenland Ice Sheet (about one third by area), where additional observations would most improve knowledge of its overall basal thermal state. C1 [MacGregor, Joseph A.; Catania, Ginny A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, 8701 Mopac Blvd, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [MacGregor, Joseph A.; Nowicki, Sophie M. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fahnestock, Mark A.; Aschwanden, Andy] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Catania, Ginny A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX USA. [Clow, Gary D.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Clow, Gary D.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Colgan, William T.] York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Gogineni, S. Prasad; Paden, John D.] Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Morlighem, Mathieu] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Price, Stephen F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Seroussi, Helene] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP MacGregor, JA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, 8701 Mopac Blvd, Austin, TX 78712 USA.; MacGregor, JA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM joseph.a.macgregor@nasa.gov RI Colgan, William/H-1570-2014; Catania, Ginny/B-9787-2008 OI Colgan, William/0000-0001-6334-1660; FU NSF [ARC 1107753, 1108058, ANT 0424589]; NASA [NNX12AB71G, NNX13AM16G, NNX13AK27G, NNX13AD53A]; U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Program; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science's Biological and Environmental Research Program; NASA Cryospheric Sciences and Modeling Analysis and Prediction Programs, under Caltech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory FX NSF (ARC 1107753 and 1108058 and ANT 0424589) and NASA (NNX12AB71G, NNX13AM16G, NNX13AK27G, and NNX13AD53A) supported this work. We thank the organizations (Program for Arctic Regional Climate Assessment, Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, Operation IceBridge, and SeaRISE) and innumerable individuals that both supported and performed the development, collection, and processing of the radar data and numerical models used in this study. G.D. Clow was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Program. S.F. Price was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science's Biological and Environmental Research Program. H. Seroussi was supported by NASA Cryospheric Sciences and Modeling Analysis and Prediction Programs, under a contract with Caltech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. We thank A.N. Mabrey for analyzing the MOG surface texture, I. Joughin for providing the updated composite surface-velocity field, H. Thomsen for the borehole-temperature data, and L.C. Andrews for the valuable discussions. We thank the Editor, Associate Editor, M. Luthi, and two anonymous reviews for their constructive reviews that substantially improved this manuscript. A mask of the likely basal thermal state of the GrIS (Figure 11) will be archived at the National Snow and Ice Data Center. NR 100 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 121 IS 7 BP 1328 EP 1350 DI 10.1002/2015JF003803 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DV0AZ UT WOS:000382581200008 PM 28163988 ER PT J AU Furbish, DJ Schmeeckle, MW Schumer, R Fathel, SL AF Furbish, David Jon Schmeeckle, Mark W. Schumer, Rina Fathel, Siobhan L. TI Probability distributions of bed load particle velocities, accelerations, hop distances, and travel times informed by Jaynes's principle of maximum entropy SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE bed load sediment; maximum entropy; probability distribution ID ARBITRARILY SLOPING BEDS; LOW SHIELDS STRESS; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; INFORMATION-THEORY; COARSE PARTICLES; WATER STREAM; ENTRAINMENT; ENSEMBLE; RIVER AB We describe the most likely forms of the probability distributions of bed load particle velocities, accelerations, hop distances, and travel times, in a manner that formally appeals to inferential statistics while honoring mechanical and kinematic constraints imposed by equilibrium transport conditions. The analysis is based on E. Jaynes's elaboration of the implications of the similarity between the Gibbs entropy in statistical mechanics and the Shannon entropy in information theory. By maximizing the information entropy of a distribution subject to known constraints on its moments, our choice of the form of the distribution is unbiased. The analysis suggests that particle velocities and travel times are exponentially distributed and that particle accelerations follow a Laplace distribution with zero mean. Particle hop distances, viewed alone, ought to be distributed exponentially. However, the covariance between hop distances and travel times precludes this result. Instead, the covariance structure suggests that hop distances follow a Weibull distribution. These distributions are consistent with high-resolution measurements obtained from high-speed imaging of bed load particle motions. The analysis brings us closer to choosing distributions based on our mechanical insight. C1 [Furbish, David Jon; Fathel, Siobhan L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Furbish, David Jon; Fathel, Siobhan L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Schmeeckle, Mark W.] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Schumer, Rina] Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV USA. RP Furbish, DJ (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.; Furbish, DJ (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM david.j.furbish@vanderbilt.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1226076, EAR-1420831, EAR-1226288]; Desert Research Institute (Maki Endowment in Hydrologic Sciences) FX We appreciate critical discussions with Peter Haff. Recommendations provided by Christophe Ancey (Associate Editor), William Farmer, Eric Lajeunesse, Raleigh Martin, and two anonymous reviewers helped us improve the paper. We acknowledge support by the National Science Foundation (EAR-1226076 and EAR-1420831 to D.J.F. and EAR-1226288 to M.W.S.) and the Desert Research Institute (Maki Endowment in Hydrologic Sciences to R.S.). The data in this paper are available by contacting S.L.F. (siobhan.fathel@vanderbilt.edu). NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 121 IS 7 BP 1373 EP 1390 DI 10.1002/2016JF003833 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DV0AZ UT WOS:000382581200010 ER PT J AU Wallace, CSA Walker, JJ Skirvin, SM Patrick-Birdwell, C Weltzin, JF Raichle, H AF Wallace, Cynthia S. A. Walker, Jessica J. Skirvin, Susan M. Patrick-Birdwell, Caroline Weltzin, Jake F. Raichle, Helen TI Mapping Presence and Predicting Phenological Status of Invasive Buffelgrass in Southern Arizona Using MODIS, Climate and Citizen Science Observation Data SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE buffelgrass; MODIS-NDVI; PRISM; phenology; correlation phenometrics; invasive species ID SONORAN DESERT; PENNISETUM-CILIARE; GLOBAL CHANGE; LAND-COVER; GRASS; PLANT; PRODUCTIVITY; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; CHEATGRASS AB The increasing spread and abundance of an invasive perennial grass, buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare), represents a critical threat to the native vegetation communities of the Sonoran desert in southern Arizona, USA, where buffelgrass eradication is a high priority for resource managers. Herbicidal treatment of buffelgrass is most effective when the vegetation is actively growing, but the remoteness of infestations and the erratic timing and length of the species' growth periods confound effective treatment. The goal of our research is to promote buffelgrass management by using remote sensing data to detect where the invasive plants are located and when they are photosynthetically active. We integrated citizen scientist observations of buffelgrass phenology in the Tucson, Arizona area with PRISM precipitation data, eight-day composites of 250-m Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery, and aerially-mapped polygons of buffelgrass presence to understand dynamics and relationships between precipitation and the timing and amount of buffelgrass greenness from 2011 to 2013. Our results show that buffelgrass responds quickly to antecedent rainfall: in pixels containing buffelgrass, higher correlations (R-2 > 0.5) typically occur after two cumulative eight-day periods of rain, whereas in pixels dominated by native vegetation, four prior 8-day periods are required to reach that threshold. Using the new suite of phenometrics introduced here-Climate Landscape Response metrics-we accurately predicted the location of 49% to 55% of buffelgrass patches in Saguaro National Park. These metrics and the suggested guidelines for their use can be employed by resource managers to treat buffelgrass during optimal time periods. C1 [Wallace, Cynthia S. A.; Walker, Jessica J.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Skirvin, Susan M.] USDA ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Patrick-Birdwell, Caroline] Southern Arizona Buffelgrass Coordinat Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85717 USA. [Weltzin, Jake F.] US Geol Survey, USA Natl Phenol Network, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Raichle, Helen] Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Wallace, CSA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM cwallace@usgs.gov; jjwalker@usgs.gov; smskirvin@gmail.com; happydesert@gmail.com; jweltzin@usgs.gov; raichlehelen@yahoo.com OI Weltzin, Jake/0000-0001-8641-6645 FU USGS (Land Change Science); USGS (Land Remote Sensing); USGS (National Park Monitoring Project within the Status & Trends Program); USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship FX We wish to thank the National Park Service and Dana Backer, in particular, for supplying us with data and critical feedback on the methods used here. Data were provided by the USA National Phenology Network and the many participants who contribute to its Nature's Notebook program. The USGS (Land Change Science, Land Remote Sensing and National Park Monitoring Project within the Status & Trends Program) provided funding for this research. Jessica Walker was supported by a USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship during this work. We appreciate the thoughtful and constructive comments from our three anonymous reviewers and USGS internal reviewer Joel Sankey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 8 IS 7 AR 524 DI 10.3390/rs8070524 PG 24 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DU5AR UT WOS:000382224800002 ER PT J AU Watts, DE Benson, AM AF Watts, Dominique E. Benson, Anna-Marie TI PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES FOR SELECTED CANINE PATHOGENS AMONG WOLVES (CANIS LUPUS) FROM THE ALASKA PENINSULA, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Alaska Peninsula; Canis lupus; serology; wolves ID LYNX LYNX-CANADENSIS; SEROLOGIC SURVEY; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; PARVOVIRUS INFECTION; TROPHIC CASCADES; DEFINITIVE HOSTS; WOLF POPULATION; MARINE MAMMALS; WILD COYOTES AB We collected blood samples from wolves (Canis lupus) on the Alaska Peninsula, southwest Alaska, US, 2006-11 and tested sera for antibodies to canine adenovirus (CAV), canine coronavirus (CCV), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine herpesvirus (CHV), canine parainfluenza (CPI), canine parvovirus (CPV), Neospora caninum, and Toxoplasma gondii. Detected antibody prevalence was 90% for CAV, 28% for CCV, 12% for CDV, 93% for CHV, 0% for CPI, 20% for CPV, 0% for N. caninum, and 86% for T. gondii. Prevalence of CCV antibodies suggested a seasonal pattern with higher prevalence during spring (43%) than in fall (11%). Prevalence of CCV antibodies also declined during the 6-yr study with high prevalence during spring 2006-08 (80%, n = 24) and low prevalence during spring 2009-11 (4%, n = 24). Prevalence of N. caninum and T. gondii antibodies were highly variable in the study area during 2006-11. Results suggested that some pathogens might be enzootic on the Alaska Peninsula (e.g., CAV and CHV) while others may be epizootic (e.g., CCV, N. caninum, T. gondii). C1 [Watts, Dominique E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Peninsula & Becharof Natl Wildlife Refuges, POB 277, King Salmon, AK 99613 USA. [Benson, Anna-Marie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 101 12th Ave,Room 216, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. RP Watts, DE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Peninsula & Becharof Natl Wildlife Refuges, POB 277, King Salmon, AK 99613 USA. EM dom_watts@fws.gov FU US Fish & Wildlife Service; Alaska Department of Fish Game FX We thank Kimberlee Beckman, Stephanie Crawford, and Cristina Hansen for laboratory and technical support and Dave Cox, Bruce Dale, Lem Butler, Scott Gibbens, Troy Cambier, Rick Swisher, Mark Shelton, Marty Webb, Harley McMahan, Patrick Valkenburg, and Jim Wittkop. Funding and support for this project was provided by the US Fish & Wildlife Service and the Alaska Department of Fish & Game. Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 52 IS 3 BP 506 EP 515 DI 10.7589/2015-06-140 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DT5NA UT WOS:000381528700007 PM 27195683 ER PT J AU Hall, JS Ip, HS TeSlaa, JL Nashold, SW Dusek, RJ AF Hall, Jeffrey S. Ip, Hon S. TeSlaa, Joshua L. Nashold, Sean W. Dusek, Robert J. TI Experimental Challenge of a Peridomestic Avian Species, European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), with Novel Influenza A H7N9 Virus from China SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza virus; European Starlings; H7N9; live poultry markets; transmission ID EXPOSURE; POULTRY AB In 2013 a novel avian influenza H7N9 virus was isolated from several critically ill patients in China, and infection with this virus has since caused more than 200 human deaths. Live poultry markets are the likely locations of virus exposure to humans. Peridomestic avian species also may play important roles in the transmission and maintenance of H7N9 at live poultry markets. We experimentally challenged wild European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) with the novel H7N9 virus and measured virus excretion, clinical signs, and infectious dose. We found that European Starlings can be infected with this virus when inoculated with relatively high doses, and we predict that infected birds excrete sufficient amounts of virus to transmit to other birds, including domestic chickens. Infected European Starlings showed no clinical signs or mortality after infection with H7N9. This abundant peridomestic bird may be a source of the novel H7N9 virus in live poultry markets and may have roles in virus transmission to poultry and humans. C1 [Hall, Jeffrey S.; Ip, Hon S.; TeSlaa, Joshua L.; Nashold, Sean W.; Dusek, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Hall, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM jshall@usgs.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; TeSlaa, Joshua/0000-0001-7802-3454; Nashold, Sean/0000-0002-8869-6633; Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 FU US Geological Survey FX We gratefully acknowledge the expertise and efforts of the animal service staff at the National Wildlife Health Center, particularly Jennifer Brunner, Nikki Ward, and Katrien Werner. Without their excellent assistance this study could not have taken place. Funding for this study was provided by the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 52 IS 3 BP 709 EP 712 DI 10.7589/2016-02-033 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DT5NA UT WOS:000381528700038 PM 27285413 ER PT J AU Van Hemert, C Handel, CM AF Van Hemert, Caroline Handel, Colleen M. TI Elements in Whole Blood of Northwestern Crows (Corvus caurinus) in Alaska, USA: No Evidence for an Association with Beak Deformities SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Alaska; beak deformity; element; Northwestern Crow; selenium ID SEA DUCKS; CONTAMINANTS; METALS AB A recent outbreak of beak deformities among resident birds in Alaska, US, has raised concern about environmental contamination as a possible underlying factor. We measured whole blood concentrations of 30 essential and nonessential elements to determine whether any were associated with beak deformities in Northwestern Crows (Corvus caurinus). We tested for differences between 1) adults with versus those without beak deformities and 2) unaffected adults versus juveniles. Crows with beak deformities had slightly higher levels of barium, molybdenum, and vanadium (all P< 0.05), but concentrations were generally low and within the range of values reported from other apparently healthy wild birds. Concentrations of several elements, including selenium, were higher in birds without versus birds with beak deformities (all P< 0.05), a difference that may be explained in part by compromised foraging ability associated with the deformities. Adult crows had higher concentrations of cadmium, silicon, and zinc than juveniles (all P< 0.05), although differences were relatively small and values were similar to those from other wild birds. Our results suggest that neither selenium nor other tested elements are likely to be causing beak deformities in Alaskan crows. We also provide the first data on elemental concentrations in Northwestern Crows. Levels of selenium far exceeded those typically found in passerine birds and were similar to those in marine-associated waterfowl, suggesting that background levels should be interpreted relative to a species' environment. C1 [Van Hemert, Caroline; Handel, Colleen M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Van Hemert, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cvanhemert@usgs.gov OI Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 FU US Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; Angus Gavin Memorial Bird Research Grant FX We thank J. Terenzi and P. Farrell for their help in the field. L. Pajot provided assistance with capture efforts and genetic analyses. J. Hall conducted analyses of elements. This project was funded by the US Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area. Additional financial support was provided by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and an Angus Gavin Memorial Bird Research Grant to C.V.H. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 52 IS 3 BP 713 EP 718 DI 10.7589/2015-10-287 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DT5NA UT WOS:000381528700039 PM 27285416 ER PT J AU Decker, D Smith, C Forstchen, A Hare, D Pomeranz, E Doyle-Capitman, C Schuler, K Organ, J AF Decker, Daniel Smith, Christian Forstchen, Ann Hare, Darragh Pomeranz, Emily Doyle-Capitman, Catherine Schuler, Krysten Organ, John TI Governance Principles for Wildlife Conservation in the 21st Century SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Wildlife governance; public trust; wildlife conservation; wildlife management; wildlife institution ID PUBLIC TRUST RESPONSIBILITIES; HUMAN DIMENSIONS; MANAGEMENT; CHALLENGES; AGENCIES; RISK AB Wildlife conservation is losing ground in the U.S. for many reasons. The net effect is declines in species and habitat. To address this trend, the wildlife conservation institution (i.e., all customs, practices, organizations and agencies, policies, and laws with respect to wildlife) must adapt to contemporary social-ecological conditions. Adaptation could be supported by clear guidelines reflecting contemporary expectations for wildlife governance. We combine elements of public trust thinking and good governance to produce a broad set of wildlife governance principles. These principles represent guidance for ecologically and socially responsible wildlife conservation. They address persistent, systemic problems and, if adopted, will bring the institution into line with modern expectations for governance of public natural resources. Implementation will require changes in values, objectives, and processes of the wildlife conservation institution. These changes may be difficult, but promise improved wildlife conservation outcomes and increased support for conservation. We introduce challenges and opportunities associated with the principles, and encourage dialogue about them among scientists, practitioners, and other leaders in U.S. wildlife conservation. The principles alone will not change the course of conservation for the better, but may be necessary for such change to occur. C1 [Decker, Daniel; Hare, Darragh; Pomeranz, Emily; Doyle-Capitman, Catherine; Schuler, Krysten] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Smith, Christian] Wildlife Management Inst, Helena, MT USA. [Forstchen, Ann] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Organ, John] US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish Unit, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Organ, John] US Geol Survey, Wildlife Res Unit, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Forstchen, A (reprint author), 100 8th Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM Ann.Forstchen@myFWC.com NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD JUL-AUG PY 2016 VL 9 IS 4 BP 290 EP 295 DI 10.1111/conl.12211 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DS8IC UT WOS:000381025700007 ER PT J AU Hunt, VM Jacobi, SK Gannon, JJ Zorn, JE Moore, CT Lonsdorf, EV AF Hunt, Victoria M. Jacobi, Sarah K. Gannon, Jill J. Zorn, Jennifer E. Moore, Clinton T. Lonsdorf, Eric V. TI A Decision Support Tool for Adaptive Management of Native Prairie Ecosystems SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; Bayesian statistics; conservation; databases; decision support tool AB The Native Prairie Adaptive Management initiative is a decision support framework that provides cooperators with management-action recommendations to help them conserve native species and suppress invasive species on prairie lands. We developed a Web-based decision support tool (DST) for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey initiative. The DST facilitates cross-organizational data sharing, performs analyses to improve conservation delivery, and requires no technical expertise to operate. Each year since 2012, the DST has used monitoring data to update ecological knowledge that it translates into situation-specific management-action recommendations (e.g., controlled burn or prescribed graze). The DST provides annual recommendations for more than 10,000 acres on 20 refuge complexes in four U.S. states. We describe how the DST promotes the long-term implementation of the program for which it was designed and may facilitate decision support and improve ecological outcomes of other conservation efforts. C1 [Hunt, Victoria M.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Hunt, Victoria M.; Jacobi, Sarah K.] Chicago Bot Garden, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA. [Gannon, Jill J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Zorn, Jennifer E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Biol Resources, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. [Moore, Clinton T.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lonsdorf, Eric V.] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Lancaster, PA 17603 USA. RP Hunt, VM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.; Hunt, VM (reprint author), Chicago Bot Garden, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA. EM vmh9@cornell.edu; sjacobi@chicagobotanic.org; jjgannon@usgs.gov; jennifer_zorn@fws.gov; ctmoore@uga.edu; eric.lonsdorf@fandm.edu OI Hunt, Victoria/0000-0002-2967-9171 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Refuge Cooperative Research Program (RCRP); RCRP [G11PG00094] FX The authors thank the following members of the NPAM development team for the support they provided to this project: Cami Dixon, Todd Grant, Vanessa Fields, Sara Vacek, Pauline Drobney, Kim Bousquet, Bridget Flanders-Wanner, Justin Dupey, and Terry Shaffer. They also thank NPAM cooperators who provided useful feedback, as well as three anonymous reviewers and Mark Wimer (U.S. Geological Survey) for many constructive suggestions. Jill Gannon was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Refuge Cooperative Research Program (RCRP). The RCRP [Grant G11PG00094] also supported the work of Victoria Hunt, Eric Lonsdorf, and Sarah Jacobi through a Cooperative Agreement between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Chicago Botanic Garden. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU INFORMS PI CATONSVILLE PA 5521 RESEARCH PARK DR, SUITE 200, CATONSVILLE, MD 21228 USA SN 0092-2102 EI 1526-551X J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD JUL-AUG PY 2016 VL 46 IS 4 BP 334 EP 344 DI 10.1287/inte.2015.0822 PG 11 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA DU1AT UT WOS:000381938300005 ER PT J AU Chojnacki, M McEwen, A Dundas, C Ojha, L Urso, A Sutton, S AF Chojnacki, Matthew McEwen, Alfred Dundas, Colin Ojha, Lujendra Urso, Anna Sutton, Sarah TI Geologic context of recurring slope lineae in Melas and Coprates Chasmata, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID ENCIRCLING DUST STORM; GROUND ICE; HIRISE OBSERVATIONS; IMPACT CRATERS; GALE CRATER; WATER; SUBSURFACE; RSL; SPECTROMETER; POPULATIONS AB One of the major Mars discoveries of recent years is the existence of recurring slope lineae (RSL), which suggests that liquid water occurs on or near the surface of Mars today. These dark and narrow features emerge from steep, rocky exposures and incrementally grow, fade, and reform on a seasonal basis and are detected in images from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment camera. RSL are known to occur at scattered midlatitude and equatorial sites with little spatial connection to one another. One major exception is the steep, low-albedo slopes of Melas and Coprates Chasmata, in Valles Marineris where RSL are detected among diverse geologic surfaces (e.g., bedrock and talus) and landforms (e.g., inselbergs and landslides). New images show topographic changes including sediment deposition on active RSL slopes. Midwall locations in Coprates and Melas appear to have more areally extensively abundant RSL and related fans as compared with other RSL sites found on Mars. Water budget estimates for regional RSL are on the order of 10(5) to 10(6)m(3) of fluid, for depths of 10 to 100mm, and suggest that a significant amount of near-surface water might be present. Many RSL are concentrated near local topographic highs, such as ridge crests or peaks, which is challenging to explain via groundwater or ice without a recharge mechanism. Collectively, results provide additional support for the notion that significant amounts of near-surface water can be found on Mars today and suggest that a widespread mechanism, possibly related to the atmosphere, is recharging RSL sources. C1 [Chojnacki, Matthew; McEwen, Alfred; Urso, Anna; Sutton, Sarah] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dundas, Colin] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ojha, Lujendra] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Chojnacki, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM chojan1@pirl.lpl.arizona.edu OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 FU NASA MDAP grant [NNX13AK68G]; HiRISE/MRO mission FX We would like to thank Jon Stephens for his creation of the software automating GIF animations and Michael Berube, Aaron Kilgallon, and William Yingling for their assistance with DTM production, all at the HiRISE Operations Center (HiROC). Thoughtful reviews from Joseph Levy and one anonymous reviewer improved the quality of this paper and are gratefully acknowledged. And of course, thanks to the many people responsible for the success of the MRO, MO, MEx, and MGS missions, notably those at HiROC. This research was supported in part by NASA MDAP grant NNX13AK68G and the HiRISE/MRO mission. Supporting information is available in the online version of the paper. Additional animated GIFs of RSL sites are available from http://www.uahirise.org/sim/. All data for this investigation can be obtained at the iRISE website(http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/) or the Planetary Data System (http://pds.nasa.gov). NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUL PY 2016 VL 121 IS 7 BP 1204 EP 1231 DI 10.1002/2015JE004991 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DT6ZB UT WOS:000381632500005 ER PT J AU Ralph, FM Prather, KA Cayan, D Spackman, JR DeMott, P Dettinger, M Fairall, C Leung, R Rosenfeld, D Rutledge, S Waliser, D White, AB Cordeira, J Martin, A Helly, J Intrieri, J AF Ralph, F. M. Prather, K. A. Cayan, D. Spackman, J. R. DeMott, P. Dettinger, M. Fairall, C. Leung, R. Rosenfeld, D. Rutledge, S. Waliser, D. White, A. B. Cordeira, J. Martin, A. Helly, J. Intrieri, J. TI CALWATER FIELD STUDIES DESIGNED TO QUANTIFY THE ROLES OF ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS AND AEROSOLS IN MODULATING US WEST COAST PRECIPITATION IN A CHANGING CLIMATE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR SIGNATURE; SIERRA BARRIER JETS; UNITED-STATES; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; AIR-POLLUTION; PACIFIC; STORM; WINTER; SATELLITE C1 [Ralph, F. M.; Prather, K. A.; Cayan, D.; Dettinger, M.; Martin, A.; Helly, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,Ste 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, D.; Dettinger, M.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Spackman, J. R.] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Spackman, J. R.; Fairall, C.; White, A. B.; Intrieri, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [DeMott, P.; Rutledge, S.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Leung, R.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Richland, WA USA. [Rosenfeld, D.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. [Waliser, D.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Cordeira, J.] Plymouth State Univ, Plymouth, NH USA. [Helly, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Super Comp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Ralph, FM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,Ste 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mralph@ucsd.edu RI Rosenfeld, Daniel/F-6077-2016; Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008 OI Rosenfeld, Daniel/0000-0002-0784-7656; Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890 FU California Energy Commission (CEC); NOAA's Physical Sciences Division; NOAA; DOE; NSF; California's Department of Water Resources; UC San Diego's Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes; Science and Technology Corporation FX The CalWater-1 study from 2009 to 2011 was sponsored primarily by the California Energy Commission (CEC) and NOAA's Physical Sciences Division. The programmatic leadership of Guido Franco and Joe O'Hagan of CEC were central to the success of the experiment. Major field deployments for CalWater-2 (2014-16) are sponsored primarily by NOAA, DOE, and NSF, with additional facilities provided by NASA. The entire CalWater program of field studies leverages the unique ground-based extreme precipitation-observing network sponsored by California's Department of Water Resources. Planning has been heavily sponsored by UC San Diego's Scripps Institution of Oceanography and by the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes, as well as Science and Technology Corporation. The knowledge and major effort of innumerable engineering, aircraft, ship, and technical support staff were vital to the development and execution of CalWater over the last several years. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 14 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 97 IS 7 BP 1209 EP 1228 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00043.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT7GF UT WOS:000381654400013 ER PT J AU Fornash, KF Cosca, MA Whitney, DL AF Fornash, Katherine F. Cosca, Michael A. Whitney, Donna L. TI Tracking the timing of subduction and exhumation using Ar-40/Ar-39 phengite ages in blueschist- and eclogite-facies rocks (Sivrihisar, Turkey) SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology; Phengite; Eclogite; Blueschist; Sivrihisar; Subduction ID HIGH-PRESSURE ROCKS; AR-40-AR-39 LASER PROBE; MASSIF WESTERN ALPS; DORA-MAIRA MASSIF; EXCESS ARGON; RB-SR; NORTHWEST TURKEY; TAVSANLI ZONE; WHITE MICAS; SESIA ZONE AB Geochronologic studies of high-pressure/low-temperature rocks can be used to determine the timing and rates of burial and exhumation in subduction zones by dating different stages of the pressure-temperature history. In this study, we present new in situ UV laser ablation Ar-40/Ar-39 phengite ages from a suite of lawsonite blueschist- and eclogite-facies rocks representing different protoliths (metabasalt, metasediment), different structural levels (within and outside of a high-strain zone), and different textural positions (eclogite pod core vs. margin) to understand the timing of these events in an exhumed Neo-Tethyan subduction zone (Sivrihisar Massif, Tavs, anli Zone, Turkey). Weighted mean in situ Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of phengite from the cores of lawsonite eclogite pods (90-93 Ma) are distinctly older than phengite from retrogressed, epidote eclogite (82 +/- 2 Ma). These ages are interpreted as the age of peak and retrograde metamorphism, respectively. Eclogite records the narrowest range of ages (10-14 m.y.) of any rock type analyzed. Transitional eclogite-and blueschist-facies assemblages and glaucophane-rimmed lawsonite + garnet + phengite veins from eclogite pod margins record a much wider age range of Ar-40/Ar-39 ages (similar to 20 m.y.) with weighted mean ages of similar to 91 Ma. Blueschists and quartzites record more variable Ar-40/Ar-39 ages that may in part be related to structural position: samples within a high-strain zone at the tectonic contact of the HP rocks with a meta-ultramafic unit have in situ UV laser ablation Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of 84.0 +/- 1.3-103.7 +/- 3.1 Ma, whereas samples outside this zone range to older ages (84.6 +/- 2.4-116.7 +/- 2.7 Ma) and record a greater age range (22-38 m.y.). The phengite ages can be correlated with the preservation of HP mineral assemblages and fabrics as well as the effects of deformation. Collectively, these results show that high-spatial resolution UV laser ablation Ar-40/Ar-39 phengite data, when considered in a petrologic and structural context, may document prograde (burial) and retrograde (exhumation) stages of subduction metamorphism. C1 [Fornash, Katherine F.; Whitney, Donna L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Cosca, Michael A.] US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, MS-963,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Fornash, KF (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM forna011@umn.edu OI Whitney, Donna/0000-0002-8296-4692 FU NSF; Distinguished McKnight University Professorship award; UMN Infrastructure Investment Initiative Grant FX This research has been supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to K. F. Fornash and a Distinguished McKnight University Professorship award to D. L. Whitney. We thank P. B. Davis for providing vein sample SV03-103, C. Ustun and C. Lefebvre for assistance in the 2012 and 2013 field seasons, A. Okay for logistical assistance, and B. Bagley for assistance with X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) analysis. The XRCT Lab in the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, was established with support from a UMN Infrastructure Investment Initiative Grant to D. L. Whitney. This manuscript has benefitted from constructive reviews from E Jourdan, S. Sherlock, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S Government. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 EI 1432-0967 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 171 IS 7 AR 67 DI 10.1007/s00410-016-1268-2 PG 37 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA DS4JX UT WOS:000380748500007 ER PT J AU Engel, FL Rhoads, BL AF Engel, Frank L. Rhoads, Bruce L. TI Three-dimensional flow structure and patterns of bed shear stress in an evolving compound meander bend SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE planform change; secondary flow; meandering; hydroacoustics; ADCP ID LARGE-AMPLITUDE MEANDERS; OPEN-CHANNEL BENDS; RIVER BENDS; SECONDARY CURRENTS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BEATTON RIVER; MIGRATION; TOPOGRAPHY; SEPARATION; SEDIMENT AB Compound meander bends with multiple lobes of maximum curvature are common in actively evolving lowland rivers. Interaction among spatial patterns of mean flow, turbulence, bed morphology, bank failures and channel migration in compound bends is poorly understood. In this paper, acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements of the three-dimensional (3D) flow velocities in a compound bend are examined to evaluate the influence of channel curvature and hydrologic variability on the structure of flow within the bend. Flow structure at various flow stages is related to changes in bed morphology over the study timeframe. Increases in local curvature within the upstream lobe of the bend reduce outer bank velocities at morphologically significant flows, creating a region that protects the bank from high momentum flow and high bed shear stresses. The dimensionless radius of curvature in the upstream lobe is one-third less than that of the downstream lobe, with average bank erosion rates less than half of the erosion rates for the downstream lobe. Higher bank erosion rates within the downstream lobe correspond to the shift in a core of high velocity and bed shear stresses toward the outer bank as flow moves through the two lobes. These erosion patterns provide a mechanism for continued migration of the downstream lobe in the near future. Bed material size distributions within the bend correspond to spatial patterns of bed shear stress magnitudes, indicating that bed material sorting within the bend is governed by bed shear stress. Results suggest that patterns of flow, sediment entrainment, and planform evolution in compound meander bends are more complex than in simple meander bends. Moreover, interactions among local influences on the flow, such as woody debris, local topographic steering, and locally high curvature, tend to cause compound bends to evolve toward increasing planform complexity over time rather than stable configurations. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Engel, Frank L.; Rhoads, Bruce L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geog & Geog Informat Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Engel, FL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Illinois Water Sci Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM fengel@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [BCS-1003622]; Department of Geography and Geographic Information Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign FX This research was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation (BCS-1003622) and Department of Geography and Geographic Information Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Thanks to Howard Heatherwick for graciously allowing access to his land. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1211 EP 1226 DI 10.1002/esp.3895 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DS6IT UT WOS:000380886200005 ER PT J AU Auch, RF Drummond, MA Xian, G Sayler, KL Acevedo, W Taylor, JL AF Auch, Roger F. Drummond, Mark A. Xian, George Sayler, Kristi L. Acevedo, William Taylor, Janis L. TI Regional Differences in Upland Forest to Developed (Urban) Land Cover Conversions in the Conterminous US, 1973-2011 SO FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Forest to urban developed land cover change; urbanization; conterminous US; ecoregions; remote sensing ID UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; LANDSCAPE; URBANIZATION; ECOREGIONS; COMPLETION; DEFORESTATION; ENVIRONMENT; EVOLUTION; EXPANSION AB In this U.S. Geological Survey study of forest land cover across the conterminous U.S. (CONUS), specific proportions and rates of forest conversion to developed (urban) land were assessed on an ecoregional basis. The study period was divided into six time intervals between 1973 and 2011. Forest land cover was the source of 40% or more of the new urban land in 35 of the 84 ecoregions located within the CONUS. In 11 of these ecoregions this threshold exceeded in every time interval. When the percent of change, forest to urban, was compared to the percent of forest in each ecoregion, 58 ecoregions had a greater percent of change and, in six of those, change occurred in every time interval. Annual rates of forest to urban land cover change of 0.2% or higher occurred in 12 ecoregions at least once and in one ecoregion in all intervals. There were three ecoregions where the above conditions were met for nearly every time interval. Even though only a small number of the ecoregions were heavily impacted by forest loss to urban development within the CONUS, the ecosystem services provided by undeveloped forest land cover need to be quantified more completely to better inform future regional land management. C1 [Auch, Roger F.; Xian, George; Sayler, Kristi L.; Acevedo, William] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Drummond, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, 2150 C Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Taylor, Janis L.] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, 222 Big Ravine Dr, Whitefish, MT USA. RP Auch, RF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM auch@usgs.gov; madrummond@usgs.gov; xian@usgs.gov; sayler@usgs.gov; wacevedo@usgs.gov; janis.taylor.ctr@usgs.gov OI Taylor, Janis/0000-0002-9418-5215; Auch, Roger/0000-0002-5382-5044 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change, Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program; U.S. Geological Survey's Land Change Science Program FX The authors would like to thank the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change, Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program and the U.S. Geological Survey's Land Change Science Program for support of this research. The authors would also like to thank James Vogelmann and Shuguang Liu, USGS Earth Resources and Observations Science Center and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and critiques that improved this paper. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD JUL PY 2016 VL 7 IS 7 AR UNSP 132 DI 10.3390/f7070132 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DS4SM UT WOS:000380771500005 ER PT J AU Barbour, AJ Evans, EL Hickman, SH Eneva, M AF Barbour, Andrew J. Evans, Eileen L. Hickman, Stephen H. Eneva, Mariana TI Subsidence rates at the southern Salton Sea consistent with reservoir depletion SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE deformation; PS-InSAR; poroelasticity; Salton Sea; geothermal; anthropogenic signals ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; GEYSERS GEOTHERMAL-FIELD; INSAR TIME-SERIES; IMPERIAL-VALLEY; FLUID EXTRACTION; ELASTIC HETEROGENEITY; SURFACE DISPLACEMENT; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; HALF-SPACE; SLIP RATES AB Space geodetic measurements from the Envisat satellite between 2003 and 2010 show that subsidence rates near the southeastern shoreline of the Salton Sea in Southern California are up to 52mmyr(-1) greater than the far-field background rate. By comparing these measurements with model predictions, we find that this subsidence appears to be dominated by poroelastic contraction associated with ongoing geothermal fluid production, rather than the purely fault-related subsidence proposed previously. Using a simple point source model, we suggest that the source of this proposed volumetric strain is at depths between 1.0 km and 2.4 km (95% confidence interval), comparable to generalized boundaries of the Salton Sea geothermal reservoir. We find that fault slip on two previously imaged tectonic structures, which are part of a larger system of faults in the Brawley Seismic Zone, is not an adequate predictor of surface velocity fields because the magnitudes of the best fitting slip rates are often greater than the full plate boundary rate and at least 2 times greater than characteristic sedimentation rates in this region. Large-scale residual velocity anomalies indicate that spatial patterns predicted by fault slip are incompatible with the observations. C1 [Barbour, Andrew J.; Evans, Eileen L.; Hickman, Stephen H.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Eneva, Mariana] Imageair Inc, Reno, NV USA. RP Barbour, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM abarbour@usgs.gov OI Barbour, Andrew/0000-0002-6890-2452 FU USGS Mendenhall Fellowship program FX We used the ffaultdisp library (http://ocean.phys.msu.ru/projects/ffaultdisp/) for the moment release calculations and thank Sergey Kolesov for assistance. Continuous GPS data are from the Scripps Orbit and Permanent Array Center, and we thank Brendan Crowell for providing assistance with the database. We used focal mechanisms from the Southern California Earthquake Data Center (http://scedc.caltech.edu/research-tools/alt-2011-yang-hauksson-shearer. html). Stress orientations are from the World Stress Map (http://www.world-stress-map.org). This paper benefited from insightful comments by Roland Burgmann, discussions with Martin Schoenball, and internal reviews by Danny Brothers, Art McGarr, and Ole Kaven. It also benefited from fine reviews by an anonymous reviewer and Scott Marshall; we thank Associate Editor Michelle Cooke for comments and assistance. A.J.B. and E.L.E. acknowledge support from the USGS Mendenhall Fellowship program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 96 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL PY 2016 VL 121 IS 7 BP 5308 EP 5327 DI 10.1002/2016JB012903 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DT6XF UT WOS:000381627500026 ER PT J AU Poland, MP Carbone, D AF Poland, Michael P. Carbone, Daniele TI Insights into shallow magmatic processes at Klauea Volcano, Hawai?i, from a multiyear continuous gravity time series SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Klauea Volcano; continuous gravity; lava lake; Hawai?i; mass change; density ID LONG VALLEY CALDERA; KILAUEA VOLCANO; EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION; MICROGRAVITY DATA; LAVA LAKE; FLUCTUATIONS; ACCUMULATION; CONVECTION; TRANSFORM; ROCKFALLS AB Continuous gravity data collected near the summit eruptive vent at Klauea Volcano, Hawai?i, during 2011-2015 show a strong correlation with summit-area surface deformation and the level of the lava lake within the vent over periods of days to weeks, suggesting that changes in gravity reflect variations in volcanic activity. Joint analysis of gravity and lava level time series data indicates that over the entire time period studied, the average density of the lava within the upper tens to hundreds of meters of the summit eruptive vent remained lowapproximately 1000-1500kg/m(3). The ratio of gravity change (adjusted for Earth tides and instrumental drift) to lava level change measured over 15day windows rose gradually over the course of 2011-2015, probably reflecting either (1) a small increase in the density of lava within the eruptive vent or (2) an increase in the volume of lava within the vent due to gradual vent enlargement. Superimposed on the overall time series were transient spikes of mass change associated with inflation and deflation of Klauea's summit and coincident changes in lava level. The unexpectedly strong mass variations during these episodes suggest magma flux to and from the shallow magmatic system without commensurate deformation, perhaps indicating magma accumulation within, and withdrawal from, void spacea process that might not otherwise be apparent from lava level and deformation data alone. Continuous gravity data thus provide unique insights into magmatic processes, arguing for continued application of the method at other frequently active volcanoes. C1 [Poland, Michael P.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Carbone, Daniele] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Catania Osservatorio Etneo, Catania, Italy. RP Poland, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM mpoland@usgs.gov RI Carbone, Daniele/H-7649-2014 OI Carbone, Daniele/0000-0003-2566-6290 NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL PY 2016 VL 121 IS 7 BP 5477 EP 5492 DI 10.1002/2016JB013057 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DT6XF UT WOS:000381627500034 ER PT J AU Alexeev, VA Arp, CD Jones, BM Cai, L AF Alexeev, Vladimir A. Arp, Christopher D. Jones, Benjamin M. Cai, Lei TI Arctic sea ice decline contributes to thinning lake ice trend in northern Alaska SO Environmental Research Letters LA English DT Article DE Arctic; sea ice decline; winter climate; freshwater ice; thermokarst lakes ID WATER AVAILABILITY; COASTAL-PLAIN; SHALLOW LAKES; THAW LAKES; REANALYSIS; THICKNESS; COVER; SLOPE; MODEL; SNOW AB Field measurements, satellite observations, and models document a thinning trend in seasonal Arctic lake ice growth, causing a shift from bedfast to floating ice conditions. September sea ice concentrations in the Arctic Ocean since 1991 correlate well (r = +0.69, p < 0.001) to this lake regime shift. To understand how and to what extent sea ice affects lakes, we conducted model experiments to simulate winters with years of high (1991/92) and low (2007/08) sea ice extent for which we also had field measurements and satellite imagery characterizing lake ice conditions. A lake ice growth model forced with Weather Research and Forecasting model output produced a 7% decrease in lake ice growth when 2007/08 sea ice was imposed on 1991/92 climatology and a 9% increase in lake ice growth for the opposing experiment. Here, we clearly link early winter 'ocean-effect' snowfall and warming to reduced lake ice growth. Future reductions in sea ice extent will alter hydrological, biogeochemical, and habitat functioning of Arctic lakes and cause sub-lake permafrost thaw. C1 [Alexeev, Vladimir A.; Cai, Lei] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, 930 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Arp, Christopher D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Alexeev, VA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, 930 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM valexeev@iarc.uaf.edu RI alexeev, vladimir/B-2234-2010 OI alexeev, vladimir/0000-0003-3519-2797 FU National Science Foundation [ARC-1417300, 1203473]; Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative; US Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; Bureau of Land Management Arctic Field Office FX Funding for this study was provided primarily by the National Science Foundation (ARC-1417300, 1203473) with additional funding from the Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative, the US Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, and the Bureau of Land Management Arctic Field Office. We thank Andrew Parsekian, Ben Gaglioti, Guido Grosse, Richard Beck, and Matthew Whitman who assisted with field work and logistics for this study. Additional logistical support was provided by the staff from Community Polar Services, Inc., and Toolik Field Station. The majority of data used in this analysis are publically available at https://aoncadis.org/ and available at http://arcticlakes.org/. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 11 IS 7 AR 074022 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/074022 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS5JD UT WOS:000380817000022 ER PT J AU Murphy, SF Writer, JH McCleskey, RB Martin, DA AF Murphy, Sheila F. Writer, Jeffrey H. McCleskey, R. Blaine Martin, Deborah A. TI The role of precipitation type, intensity, and spatial distribution in source water quality after wildfire (vol 10, 084007, 2015) SO Environmental Research Letters LA English DT Correction C1 [Murphy, Sheila F.; Writer, Jeffrey H.; McCleskey, R. Blaine; Martin, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Writer, Jeffrey H.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Murphy, SF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM sfmurphy@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 11 IS 7 AR 079501 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/079501 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS5JD UT WOS:000380817000037 ER PT J AU Paukert, CP Lynch, AJ Whitney, JE AF Paukert, Craig P. Lynch, Abigail J. Whitney, James E. TI Effects of Climate Change on North American Inland Fishes: Introduction to the Special Issue SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Paukert, Craig P.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lynch, Abigail J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Whitney, James E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Whitney, James E.] Pittsburg State Univ, Dept Biol, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA. RP Paukert, CP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM paukertc@missouri.edu; ajlynch@usgs.gov OI Lynch, Abigail J./0000-0001-8449-8392 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL PY 2016 VL 41 IS 7 SI SI BP 329 EP 330 DI 10.1080/03632415.2016.1187011 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DR8KY UT WOS:000380148000003 ER PT J AU Whitney, JE Al-Chokhachy, R Bunnell, DB Caldwell, CA Cooke, SJ Eliason, EJ Rogers, M Lynch, AJ Paukert, CP AF Whitney, James E. Al-Chokhachy, Robert Bunnell, David B. Caldwell, Colleen A. Cooke, Steven J. Eliason, Erika J. Rogers, Mark Lynch, Abigail J. Paukert, Craig P. TI Physiological Basis of Climate Change Impacts on North American Inland Fishes SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; STICKLEBACKS GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; FRESH-WATER FISH; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; FRASER-RIVER; 3-SPINED STICKLEBACKS; THERMAL TOLERANCE; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; SCHISTOCEPHALUS-SOLIDUS; SALINITY TOLERANCES AB Global climate change is altering freshwater ecosystems and affecting fish populations and communities. Underpinning changes in fish distribution and assemblage-level responses to climate change are individual-level physiological constraints. In this review, we synthesize the mechanistic effects of climate change on neuroendocrine, cardiorespiratory, immune, osmoregulatory, and reproductive systems of freshwater and diadromous fishes. Observed climate change effects on physiological systems are varied and numerous, including exceedance of critical thermal tolerances, decreased cardiorespiratory performance, compromised immune function, and altered patterns of individual reproductive investment. However, effects vary widely among and within species because of species, population, and even sex-specific differences in sensitivity and resilience and because of habitat-specific variation in the magnitude of climate-related environmental change. Research on the interactive effects of climate change with other environmental stressors across a broader range of fish diversity is needed to further our understanding of climate change effects on fish physiology. C1 [Whitney, James E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Al-Chokhachy, Robert] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Bunnell, David B.] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Caldwell, Colleen A.] USGS, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Eliason, Erika J.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest & Conservat Sci, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Rogers, Mark] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH USA. [Lynch, Abigail J.] USGS, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Univ Missouri, USGS, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Whitney, James E.] Pittsburg State Univ, Dept Biol, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA. RP Whitney, JE (reprint author), Pittsburg State Univ, Dept Biol, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA. EM jewhitney@pittstate.edu OI Lynch, Abigail J./0000-0001-8449-8392 FU USGS NCCWSC; USGS Missouri CFWRU; USGS; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; New Mexico Department of Game and Fish; New Mexico State University (New Mexico CFWRU); Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri (Missouri CFWRU); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Canada Research Chairs Program FX This work was funded by the USGS NCCWSC and the USGS Missouri CFWRU. The participating CFWRUs are sponsored jointly by the USGS, the Wildlife Management Institute, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, in addition to state and university cooperators: the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish and New Mexico State University (New Mexico CFWRU), Missouri Department of Conservation and University of Missouri (Missouri CFWRU). Steven J. Cooke is supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and the Canada Research Chairs Program. This article is Contribution 2034 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 117 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 25 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL PY 2016 VL 41 IS 7 SI SI BP 332 EP 345 DI 10.1080/03632415.2016.1186656 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DR8KY UT WOS:000380148000004 ER PT J AU Hunt, LM Fenichel, EP Fulton, DC Mendelsohn, R Smith, JW Tunney, TD Lynch, AJ Paukert, CP Whitney, JE AF Hunt, Len M. Fenichel, Eli P. Fulton, David C. Mendelsohn, Robert Smith, Jordan W. Tunney, Tyler D. Lynch, Abigail J. Paukert, Craig P. Whitney, James E. TI Identifying Alternate Pathways for Climate Change to Impact Inland Recreational Fishers SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID CATCH-AND-RELEASE; ANGLER BEHAVIOR; LOGIT MODEL; WATER; FRAMEWORK; MANAGEMENT; COLLAPSE; SUSTAINABILITY; COMPLEXITY; RESPONSES AB Fisheries and human dimensions literature suggests that climate change influences inland recreational fishers in North America through three major pathways. The most widely recognized pathway suggests that climate change impacts habitat and fish populations (e.g., water temperature impacting fish survival) and cascades to impact fishers. Climate change also impacts recreational fishers by influencing environmental conditions that directly affect fishers (e.g., increased temperatures in northern climates resulting in extended open water fishing seasons and increased fishing effort). The final pathway occurs from climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts (e.g., refined energy policies result in higher fuel costs, making distant trips more expensive). To address limitations of past research (e.g., assessing climate change impacts for only one pathway at a time and not accounting for climate variability, extreme weather events, or heterogeneity among fishers), we encourage researchers to refocus their efforts to understand and document climate change impacts to inland fishers. C1 [Hunt, Len M.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Ctr Northern Forest Ecosyst Res, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [Fenichel, Eli P.; Mendelsohn, Robert] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Fulton, David C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Hodson Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Smith, Jordan W.] Utah State Univ, Inst Outdoor Recreat & Tourism, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Smith, Jordan W.] Dept Environm & Soc, Logan, UT USA. [Tunney, Tyler D.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lynch, Abigail J.] USGS, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Univ Missouri, USGS, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Whitney, James E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Whitney, James E.] Pittsburg State Univ, Dept Biol, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA. RP Hunt, LM (reprint author), Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Ctr Northern Forest Ecosyst Res, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. EM len.hunt@ontario.ca OI Lynch, Abigail J./0000-0001-8449-8392 FU USGS NCCWSC; USGS Missouri CFWRU; USGS; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the University of Minnesota (Minnesota CFWRU); Missouri Department of Conservation, and University of Missouri (Missouri CFWRU); NSF [OCE-1426700] FX This work was funded by the USGS NCCWSC and the USGS Missouri CFWRU. The participating CFWRUs are sponsored jointly by the USGS, the Wildlife Management Institute, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in addition to state and university cooperators: The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the University of Minnesota (Minnesota CFWRU), Missouri Department of Conservation, and University of Missouri (Missouri CFWRU). EPF was supported by NSF award OCE-1426700. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 14 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL PY 2016 VL 41 IS 7 SI SI BP 362 EP 372 DI 10.1080/03632415.2016.1187015 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DR8KY UT WOS:000380148000006 ER PT J AU Paukert, CP Glazer, BA Hansen, GJA Irwin, BJ Jacobson, PC Kershner, JL Shuter, BJ Whitney, JE Lynch, AJ AF Paukert, Craig P. Glazer, Bob A. Hansen, Gretchen J. A. Irwin, Brian J. Jacobson, Peter C. Kershner, Jeffrey L. Shuter, Brian J. Whitney, James E. Lynch, Abigail J. TI ADAPTING INLAND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT TO A CHANGING CLIMATE SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; CHANGE ADAPTATION; RESILIENCE THINKING; MINNESOTA LAKES; BODY-SIZE; ECOSYSTEMS; HABITAT; TROUT; FISH; SUSTAINABILITY AB Natural resource decision makers are challenged to adapt management to a changing climate while balancing short-term management goals with long-term changes in aquatic systems. Adaptation will require developing resilient ecosystems and resilient management systems. Decision makers already have tools to develop or ensure resilient aquatic systems and fisheries such as managing harvest and riparian zones. Because fisheries management often interacts with multiple stakeholders, adaptation strategies involving fisheries managers and other partners focused on land use, policy, and human systems, coupled with long-term monitoring, are necessary for resilient systems. We show how agencies and organizations are adapting to a changing climate in Minnesota and Ontario lakes and Montana streams. We also present how the Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission created a management structure to develop adaptation strategies. These examples demonstrate how organizations and agencies can cope with climate change effects on fishes and fisheries through creating resilient management and ecological systems. C1 [Paukert, Craig P.] Univ Missouri, USGS, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Glazer, Bob A.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Marathon, FL USA. [Hansen, Gretchen J. A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Sci Serv, Madison, WI USA. [Irwin, Brian J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, USGS, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jacobson, Peter C.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Park Rapids, MN USA. [Kershner, Jeffrey L.] USGS, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Shuter, Brian J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Whitney, James E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Lynch, Abigail J.] USGS, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. [Hansen, Gretchen J. A.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, St Paul, MN USA. [Whitney, James E.] Pittsburg State Univ, Dept Biol, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA. RP Paukert, CP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USGS, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM paukertc@missouri.edu OI Lynch, Abigail J./0000-0001-8449-8392 FU USGS NCCWSC; USGS Missouri CFWRU; USGS; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Georgia Department of Natural Resources and the University of Georgia (Georgia CFWRU); Missouri Department of Conservation and University of Missouri (Missouri CFWRU) FX This work was funded by the USGS NCCWSC and the USGS Missouri CFWRU. The participating CFWRUs are sponsored jointly by the USGS, the Wildlife Management Institute, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in addition to state and university cooperators: the Georgia Department of Natural Resources and the University of Georgia (Georgia CFWRU), and Missouri Department of Conservation and University of Missouri (Missouri CFWRU). NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 17 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL PY 2016 VL 41 IS 7 SI SI BP 374 EP 384 DI 10.1080/03632415.2016.1185009 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DR8KY UT WOS:000380148000007 ER PT J AU Limburg, K Brown, R Johnson, R Pine, B Rulifson, R Secor, D Timchak, K Walther, B Wilson, K AF Limburg, Karin Brown, Randy Johnson, Rachel Pine, Bill Rulifson, Roger Secor, David Timchak, Kelly Walther, Ben Wilson, Karen TI Round-the-Coast: Snapshots of Estuarine Climate Change Effects SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article C1 [Limburg, Karin] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Brown, Randy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Johnson, Rachel] Univ Calif Davis, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Davis, CA USA. [Johnson, Rachel] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA USA. [Pine, Bill] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. [Rulifson, Roger] East Carolina Univ, Inst Coastal Sci & Policy, Greenville, NC USA. [Rulifson, Roger] East Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC USA. [Secor, David] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Timchak, Kelly] Lower Rogue Watershed Council, Gold Beach, OR USA. [Walther, Ben] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Wilson, Karen] Univ Southern Maine, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Portland, ME USA. RP Limburg, K (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM klimburg@esf.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL PY 2016 VL 41 IS 7 SI SI BP 392 EP 394 DI 10.1080/03632415.2016.1182506 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DR8KY UT WOS:000380148000009 ER PT J AU Chen, YS Todd, AS Murphy, MH Lomnicky, G AF Chen, Yushun Todd, Andrew S. Murphy, Margaret H. Lomnicky, Gregg TI Anticipated Water Quality Changes in Response to Climate Change and Potential Consequences for Inland Fishes SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; ADIRONDACK LAKES; UNITED-STATES; TROUT; IMPACTS; MERCURY; TEMPERATURE; STREAMS; ACIDIFICATION; POPULATIONS C1 [Chen, Yushun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, 7 South Donghu Rd, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Todd, Andrew S.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Murphy, Margaret H.] Integrated Aquat Sci LLC, Lake Placid, NY USA. [Lomnicky, Gregg] CSS Dynamac, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Chen, YS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, 7 South Donghu Rd, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM yushunchen@ihb.ac.cn NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL PY 2016 VL 41 IS 7 SI SI BP 413 EP 416 DI 10.1080/03632415.2016.1182509 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DR8KY UT WOS:000380148000017 ER PT J AU Leo, BT Anderson, JJ Phillips, RB Ha, RR AF Leo, Brian T. Anderson, James J. Phillips, Reese Brand Ha, Renee R. TI Home Range Estimates of Feral Cats (Felis catus) on Rota Island and Determining Asymptotic Convergence SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARIANA ISLANDS; POPULATION TRENDS; MAMMALS; EXTINCTION AB Feral cats (Felis catus) have been shown to be a main contributor to species decline throughout the world and are especially threatening to insular species that lack appropriate defense characteristics. To mitigate the impact of feral cats on threatened species, space-use data are commonly used to design control strategies. In this article we report on the performance of GPS data-logging collars and provide baseline information on daily space use and home ranges of feral cats that threaten an endangered species on Rota Island in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Using 100% Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP), average adult male home range was 1.32 km(2) (n = 2) and average adult female home range was 0.22 km(2) (n = 3). Home ranges were deemed fully revealed if asymptotes were approached using incremental analysis. Currently, there is no objective method for assessing where an asymptote is approached. Here, we describe a methodology to do so with the application of a Michaelis-Menten model to incremental data. We conclude that GPS data-logging collars are a viable tool for feral cat location data collection on Rota Island and that the Michaelis-Menten model is useful for determining asymptotic convergence of incremental location data. C1 [Leo, Brian T.; Anderson, James J.] Univ Washington, 1122 Boat St NE,Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Phillips, Reese Brand] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Fish & Wildlife Off, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Suite 3-122, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Ha, Renee R.] Univ Washington, 119 Guthrie Hall,Box 351525, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Leo, BT (reprint author), Univ Washington, 1122 Boat St NE,Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM btl6@uw.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Island Fish and Wildlife Office FX We thank the following: Suzanne Medina and the Guam Department of Agriculture's Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources for supplying the GPS collars; the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Island Fish and Wildlife Office, for funding the feral cat control program and B.T.L.'s master's program; the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Fish and Wildlife on Rota; Dane Horowski for help with collaring; Dr. James Ha and the Ha Animal Behavior Psychology laboratory for review of this material; Sarah Faegre, Phil Hannon, Julia Boland, Lydia Goy, Andria Kroner, Jose Antonio Diaz, and Jen Carpenter for the time they volunteered to help this project. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 9 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 70 IS 3 BP 323 EP 331 DI 10.2984/70.3.4 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA DS1OJ UT WOS:000380365500005 ER PT J AU Boyte, SP Wylie, BK Major, DJ AF Boyte, Stephen P. Wylie, Bruce K. Major, Donald J. TI Cheatgrass Percent Cover Change: Comparing Recent Estimates to Climate Change - Driven Predictions in the Northern Great Basin SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE big sagebrush; greater sage grouse; invasive annuals; MODIS; shrub steppe; US Fish and Wildlife Service priority areas for conservation ID ECOSYSTEM PERFORMANCE ANOMALIES; YUKON RIVER-BASIN; BROMUS-TECTORUM; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; BOREAL FOREST; UNITED-STATES; SAGE-GROUSE; COLD DESERT; FIRE; GRASS AB Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) is a highly invasive species in the Northern Great Basin that helps decrease fire return intervals. Fire fragments the shrub steppe and reduces its capacity to provide forage for livestock and wildlife and habitat critical to sagebrush obligates. Of particular interest is the greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), an obligate whose populations have declined so severely due, in part, to increases in cheatgrass and fires that it was considered for inclusion as an endangered species. Remote sensing technologies and satellite archives help scientists monitor terrestrial vegetation globally, including cheatgrass in the Northern Great Basin. Along with geospatial analysis and advanced spatial modeling, these data and technologies can identify areas susceptible to increased cheatgrass cover and compare these with greater sage grouse priority areas for conservation (PAC). Future climate models forecast a warmer and wetter climate for the Northern Great Basin, which likely will force changing cheatgrass dynamics. Therefore, we examine potential climate-caused changes to cheatgrass. Our results indicate that future cheatgrass percent cover will remain stable over more than 80% of the study area when compared with recent estimates, and higher overall cheatgrass cover will occur with slightly more spatial variability. The land area projected to increase or decrease in cheatgrass cover equals 18% and 1%, respectively, making an increase in fire disturbances in greater sage grouse habitat likely. Relative susceptibility measures, created by integrating cheatgrass percent cover and temporal standard deviation datasets, show that potential increases in future cheatgrass cover match future projections. This discovery indicates that some greater sage grouse PACs for conservation could be at heightened risk of fire disturbance. Multiple factors will affect future cheatgrass cover including changes in precipitation timing and totals and increases in freeze-thaw cycles. Understanding these effects can help direct land management, guide scientific research, and influence policy. (C) 2016 The Society for Range Management. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Boyte, Stephen P.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Boyte, Stephen P.; Wylie, Bruce K.] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Major, Donald J.] Bur Land Management, Boise, ID 83709 USA. RP Boyte, SP (reprint author), Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.; Boyte, SP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM stephen.boyte.ctr@usgs.gov OI Boyte, Stephen/0000-0002-5462-3225; Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 FU USGS Land Change Science program; Bureau of Land Management; USGS [G10PC00044] FX Research was funded by the USGS Land Change Science program and the Bureau of Land Management. Work was performed under USGS contract G10PC00044 (Boyte). NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 25 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 69 IS 4 BP 265 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2016.03.002 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR9TV UT WOS:000380239900004 ER PT J AU Hauksson, E Andrews, J Plesch, A Shaw, JH Shelly, DR AF Hauksson, Egill Andrews, Jennifer Plesch, Andreas Shaw, John H. Shelly, David R. TI The 2015 Fillmore Earthquake Swarm and Possible Crustal Deformation Mechanisms near the Bottom of the Eastern Ventura Basin, California SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; FOCAL MECHANISMS; FLUID PRESSURE; SEISMIC HAZARD; FAULT; STYLE; PERMEABILITY; CATALOG; MODEL AB The 2015 Fillmore swarm occurred about 6 km west of the city of Fillmore in Ventura, California, and was located beneath the eastern part of the actively subsiding Ventura basin at depths from 11.8 to 13.8 km, similar to two previous swarms in the area. Template-matching event detection showed that it started on 5 July 2015 at 2:21 UTC with an M similar to 1.0 earthquake. The swarm exhibited unusual episodic spatial and temporal migrations and unusual diversity in the nodal planes of the focal mechanisms as compared to the simple hypocenterdefined plane. It was also noteworthy because it consisted of > 1400 events of M >= 0.0, with M 2.8 being the largest event. We suggest that fluids released by metamorphic dehydration processes, migration of fluids along a detachment zone, and cascading asperity failures caused this prolific earthquake swarm, but other mechanisms (such as simple mainshock-aftershock stress triggering or a regional aseismic creep event) are less likely. Dilatant strengthening may be a mechanism that causes the temporal decay of the swarm as pore-pressure drop increased the effective normal stress, and counteracted the instability driving the swarm. C1 [Hauksson, Egill; Andrews, Jennifer] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Plesch, Andreas; Shaw, John H.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Shelly, David R.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hauksson, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM hauksson@caltech.edu OI Hauksson, Egill/0000-0002-6834-5051 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)/National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) [G15AP00095]; Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); National Science Foundation [EAR-1033462]; USGS [G12AC20038] FX We thank W. Thatcher for a comprehensive review and Thom Davis for helpful discussions. This research was supported by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)/National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) Grant G15AP00095 and by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), which is funded by National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement EAR-1033462 and USGS Cooperative Agreement G12AC20038. This article is SCEC Contribution Number 6208. Google Earth imagery is used in the background of Figure 5. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 87 IS 4 BP 807 EP 815 DI 10.1785/0220160020 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DP4TU UT WOS:000378490100003 ER PT J AU Segou, M Parsons, T AF Segou, Margarita Parsons, Tom TI Prospective Earthquake Forecasts at the Himalayan Front after the 25 April 2015 M 7.8 Gorkha Mainshock SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRESS TRANSFER; MODELS; OCCURRENCES; CALIFORNIA; HAZARD; JAPAN; TESTS AB When a major earthquake strikes, the resulting devastation can be compounded or even exceeded by the subsequent cascade of triggered seismicity. As the Nepalese recover from the 25 April 2015 shock, knowledge of what comes next is essential. We calculate the redistribution of crustal stresses and implied earthquake probabilities for different periods, from daily to 30 years into the future. An initial forecast was completed before an M 7.3 earthquake struck on 12 May 2015 that enables a preliminary assessment; postforecast seismicity has so far occurred within a zone of fivefold probability gain. Evaluation of the forecast performance, using two months of seismic data, reveals that stress-based approaches present improved skill in higher-magnitude triggered seismicity. Our results suggest that considering the total stress field, rather than only the coseismic one, improves the spatial performance of the model based on the estimation of a wide range of potential triggered faults following a mainshock. C1 [Segou, Margarita; Parsons, Tom] Lyell Ctr, British Geol Survey, Res Ave South, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, Midlothian, Scotland. [Parsons, Tom] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Segou, M (reprint author), Lyell Ctr, British Geol Survey, Res Ave South, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, Midlothian, Scotland. EM msegou@bgs.ac.uk NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 87 IS 4 BP 816 EP 825 DI 10.1785/0220150195 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DP4TU UT WOS:000378490100004 ER PT J AU Yeck, WL Sheehan, AF Benz, HM Weingarten, M Nakai, J AF Yeck, W. L. Sheehan, A. F. Benz, H. M. Weingarten, M. Nakai, J. TI Rapid Response, Monitoring, and Mitigation of Induced Seismicity near Greeley, Colorado SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENVER EARTHQUAKES; FLUID INJECTION; MAGNITUDE; SEQUENCE; PARADOX AB On 1 June 2014 (03:35 UTC), an M-w 3.2 earthquake occurred in Weld County, Colorado, a historically aseismic area of the Denver-Julesburg basin. Weld County is a prominent area of oil and gas development, including many high-rate class II wastewater injection wells. In the days following the earthquake, the University of Colorado, with support from the U.S. Geological Survey and Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology-Portable Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere, rapidly deployed six seismic stations to characterize the seismicity associated with the 1 June earthquake (the Greeley sequence) and to investigate its possible connection to wastewater disposal. The spatial and temporal proximity of earthquakes to a high-rate wastewater disposal well strongly suggests these earthquakes were induced. Scientific communication between the university, state agencies, and the energy industry led to rapid mitigation strategies to reduce the occurrence of further earthquakes. Mitigation efforts included implementing a temporary moratorium on injection at the well, cementing the bottom portion of the disposal well to minimize hydrologic connectivity between the disposal formation and the underlying crystalline basement, and subsequently allowing injection to resume at lower rates. Following the resumption of wastewater disposal, microseismicity was closely monitored for both increases in earthquake rate and magnitude. Following mitigation efforts, between 13 August 2014 and 29 December 2015, no earthquakes larger than M 1.5 occurred near the Greeley sequence. This study demonstrates that a detailed and rapid characterization of a seismic sequence in space and time relative to disposal, combined with collaboration and communication between scientists, regulators, and industry, can lead to objective and actionable mitigation efforts that potentially reduced the rate of earthquakes and the possible generation of larger earthquakes. C1 [Yeck, W. L.; Benz, H. M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 966,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Sheehan, A. F.; Nakai, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, 399 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Weingarten, M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, 397 Panama Mall Room 367, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Yeck, W. L.; Weingarten, M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, 399 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yeck, W. L.; Sheehan, A. F.; Nakai, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Yeck, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 966,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.; Yeck, WL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, 399 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM wyeck@usgs.gov OI Yeck, William/0000-0002-2801-8873 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 13 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 87 IS 4 BP 837 EP 847 DI 10.1785/0220150275 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DP4TU UT WOS:000378490100006 ER PT J AU Martin, SS Hough, SE AF Martin, Stacey S. Hough, Susan E. TI Reply to "Comment on 'Ground Motions from the 2015 M-w 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake Constrained by a Detailed Assessment of Macroseismic Data' by Stacey S. Martin, Susan E. Hough, and Charleen Hung" by Andrea Tertulliani, Laura Graziani, Corrado Castellano, Alessandra Maramai, and Antonio Rossi SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTENSITY DATA; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDE; VALLEY; INDIA C1 [Martin, Stacey S.] Nanyang Technol Univ, EOS, 50 Nanyang Ave,N2-01a-14, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Hough, Susan E.] US Geol Survey, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Martin, SS (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, EOS, 50 Nanyang Ave,N2-01a-14, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM 7point1@gmail.com; hough@usgs.gov RI Martin, Stacey/J-6819-2013 OI Martin, Stacey/0000-0003-4429-5835 NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 87 IS 4 BP 957 EP 962 DI 10.1785/0220160061 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DP4TU UT WOS:000378490100019 ER PT J AU Eads, DA Hoogland, JL AF Eads, David A. Hoogland, John L. TI Factors that affect parasitism of black-tailed prairie dogs by fleas SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Cynomys ludovicianus; ectoparasite; flea; plague; prairie dog; precipitation; Siphonaptera; South Dakota; Yersinia pestis ID CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; UNITED-STATES; PLAGUE EPIZOOTICS; YERSINIA-PESTIS; SPECIES SIPHONAPTERA; VECTOR COMPETENCE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; RODENT HOST; NEW-MEXICO; CLIMATE AB Fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) are hematophagous ectoparasites that feed on vertebrate hosts. Fleas can reduce the fitness of hosts by interfering with immune responses, disrupting adaptive behaviors, and transmitting pathogens. The negative effects of fleas on hosts are usually most pronounced when fleas attain high densities. In lab studies, fleas desiccate and die under dry conditions, suggesting that populations of fleas will tend to decline when precipitation is scarce under natural conditions. To test this hypothesis, we compared precipitation vs. parasitism of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) by fleas at a single colony during May and June of 13 consecutive years (1976-1988) at Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota, USA. The number of fleas on prairie dogs decreased with increasing precipitation during both the prior growing season (April through August of the prior year) and the just-completed winter-spring (January through April of current year). Due to the reduction in available moisture and palatable forage in dry years, herbivorous prairie dogs might have been food-limited, with weakened behavioral and immunological defenses against fleas. In support of this hypothesis, adult prairie dogs of low mass harbored more fleas than heavier adults. Our results have implications for the spread of plague, an introduced bacterial disease, transmitted by fleas, that devastates prairie dog colonies and, in doing so, can transform grassland ecosystems. C1 [Eads, David A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Eads, David A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hoogland, John L.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. RP Eads, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.; Eads, DA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM deads@usgs.gov RI Hoogland, John/B-3950-2015 FU Wind Cave National Park; U.S. Geological Survey FX For financial assistance for his research at Wind Cave National Park from 1975 through 1988, JLH thanks the American Philosophical Society, the American Society of Mammalogists, the Eppley Foundation, the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation, the Max McGraw Wildlife Foundation, the National Geographic Society, the National Science Foundation, Princeton University, Sigma Xi, and the universities of Maryland, Michigan, and Minnesota. DAE thanks the U.S. Geological Survey for financial assistance. We thank the associate editor, two anonymous reviewers, D. Biggins, L. Savage, and P. Stevens for constructive reviews that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 20 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUL PY 2016 VL 7 IS 7 AR e01372 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1372 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR6OF UT WOS:000380020500005 ER PT J AU Sidder, AM Kumar, S Laituri, M Sibold, JS AF Sidder, Aaron M. Kumar, Sunil Laituri, Melinda Sibold, Jason S. TI Using spatiotemporal correlative niche models for evaluating the effects of climate change on mountain pine beetle SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE climate change; Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins; disturbance ecology; forest ecology; insect pests; model transferability; species distribution models ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LAND-COVER DATABASE; NORTH-AMERICA; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE; ECOLOGICAL THEORY; WHITEBARK-PINE; GLOBAL CHANGE; PREDICTION AB Over the last decade, western North America has experienced the largest mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosas Hopkins) outbreak in recorded history, and Rocky Mountain forests have been severely impacted. Although bark beetles are indigenous to North American forests, climate change has facilitated the beetle's expansion into previously unsuitable habitats. We used three correlative niche models (maximum entropy [MaxEnt], boosted regression trees, and generalized linear models) to estimate (1) the current potential distribution of the beetle in the U.S. Rocky Mountain region, (2) how this distribution has changed since historical outbreaks in the 1960s and 1970s, and (3) how the distribution may be expected to change under future climate scenarios. Additionally, we evaluated the temporal transferability of the niche models by forecasting historical models and testing the model predictions using temporally independent outbreak data from the current outbreak. Our results indicated that there has been a significant expansion of climatically suitable habitat over the past 50 yr and that much of this expansion corresponds with an upward shift in elevation across the study area. Furthermore, our models indicated that drought was a more prominent driver of current outbreak than temperature, which suggests a change in the climatic signature between historical and current outbreaks. Projections under future conditions suggest that there will be a large reduction in climatically suitable habitat for the beetle and that high-elevation forests will continue to become more susceptible to outbreak. While all three models generated reasonable predictions, the generalized linear model correctly predicted a higher percentage of current outbreak localities when trained on historical data. Our findings suggest that researchers aiming to reduce omission error in estimates of future species responses may have greater predictive success with simpler, generalized models. C1 [Sidder, Aaron M.; Kumar, Sunil; Laituri, Melinda] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sidder, Aaron M.; Kumar, Sunil; Laituri, Melinda] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Nat & Environm Sci Bldg,1231 East Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sidder, Aaron M.; Kumar, Sunil; Laituri, Melinda; Sibold, Jason S.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, 1401 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sibold, Jason S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anthropol, B-219 Andrew G Clark Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sidder, Aaron M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Sidder, AM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Sidder, AM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Nat & Environm Sci Bldg,1231 East Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Sidder, AM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, 1401 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Sidder, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM aaron.sidder@gmail.com FU Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory; Warner College of Natural Resources at Colorado State University; Neil B. Kindig Fellowship of the Colorado Mountain Club; U.S. Geological Survey; NASA FX Funding and support for AMS was provided by the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and the Warner College of Natural Resources at Colorado State University, and through the Neil B. Kindig Fellowship of the Colorado Mountain Club. SK was jointly funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and NASA. Thanks to Jose Negran, of the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments and review of this manuscript. We would also like to thank Tim Assal (U.S. Geological Survey, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, CSU), Brian Howell and Justin Backsen (Forest Health Protection, USES, Rocky Mountain Region), and Dick Halsey (Forest Health Protection, USES, Boise Field Office) for their assistance in procuring historical MPB data. Thanks to Tony Vorster for a helpful review of the manuscript. Lastly, we would like to acknowledge all of the scientists who so graciously make their software and code publicly available and free to use; their contributions have made this research possible. NR 100 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 31 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUL PY 2016 VL 7 IS 7 AR e01396 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1396 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR6OF UT WOS:000380020500009 ER PT J AU Marchi, S Ermakov, AI Raymond, CA Fu, RR O'Brien, DP Bland, MT Ammannito, E De Sanctis, MC Bowling, T Schenk, P Scully, JEC Buczkowski, DL Williams, DA Hiesinger, H Russell, CT AF Marchi, S. Ermakov, A. I. Raymond, C. A. Fu, R. R. O'Brien, D. P. Bland, M. T. Ammannito, E. De Sanctis, M. C. Bowling, T. Schenk, P. Scully, J. E. C. Buczkowski, D. L. Williams, D. A. Hiesinger, H. Russell, C. T. TI The missing large impact craters on Ceres SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MAIN ASTEROID BELT; PRIMORDIAL EXCITATION; COLLISIONAL HISTORY; SOLAR-SYSTEM; EVOLUTION; VESTA; ORIGIN AB Asteroids provide fundamental clues to the formation and evolution of planetesimals. Collisional models based on the depletion of the primordial main belt of asteroids predict 10-15 craters > 4400 km should have formed on Ceres, the largest object between Mars and Jupiter, over the last 4.55 Gyr. Likewise, an extrapolation from the asteroid Vesta would require at least 6-7 such basins. However, Ceres' surface appears devoid of impact craters > similar to 280 km. Here, we show a significant depletion of cerean craters down to 100-150 km in diameter. The overall scarcity of recognizable large craters is incompatible with collisional models, even in the case of a late implantation of Ceres in the main belt, a possibility raised by the presence of ammoniated phyllosilicates. Our results indicate that a significant population of large craters has been obliterated, implying that long-wavelength topography viscously relaxed or that Ceres experienced protracted widespread resurfacing. C1 [Marchi, S.] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ermakov, A. I.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Raymond, C. A.; Scully, J. E. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Fu, R. R.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY 10968 USA. [O'Brien, D. P.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bland, M. T.] USGS Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ammannito, E.; Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [De Sanctis, M. C.] INAF, Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Bowling, T.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Schenk, P.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3303 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Buczkowski, D. L.] John Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Williams, D. A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hiesinger, H.] Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RP Marchi, S (reprint author), Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marchi@boulder.swri.edu OI Ermakov, Anton/0000-0002-7020-7061 NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 7 AR 12257 DI 10.1038/ncomms12257 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DR9DK UT WOS:000380197100001 PM 27459197 ER PT J AU Kimball, S AF Kimball, Suzette TI Science That Moves With Society SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kimball, Suzette] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Kimball, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 57 IS 7 BP 65 EP 65 PG 1 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA DS2GT UT WOS:000380581300012 ER PT J AU Kennedy, TA Muehlbauer, JD Yackulic, CB Lytle, DA Miller, SW Dibble, KL Kortenhoeven, EW Metcalfe, AN Baxter, CV AF Kennedy, Theodore A. Muehlbauer, Jeffrey D. Yackulic, Charles B. Lytle, David A. Miller, Scott W. Dibble, Kimberly L. Kortenhoeven, Eric W. Metcalfe, Anya N. Baxter, Colden V. TI Flow Management for Hydropower Extirpates Aquatic Insects, Undermining River Food Webs SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; dams; biological traits; river ecology; citizen science ID MODIFYING DAM OPERATIONS; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; GLEN CANYON DAM; COLORADO RIVER; GRAND-CANYON; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; STREAM ECOLOGY; TRIBUTARY; DYNAMICS; SCIENCE AB Dams impound the majority of rivers and provide important societal benefits, especially daily water releases that enable on-peak hydroelectricity generation. Such "hydropeaking" is common worldwide, but its downstream impacts remain unclear. We evaluated the response of aquatic insects, a cornerstone of river food webs, to hydropeaking using a life history-hydrodynamic model. Our model predicts that aquatic-insect abundance will depend on a basic life-history trait-adult egg-laying behavior-such that open-water layers will be unaffected by hydropeaking, whereas ecologically important and widespread river-edge layers, such as mayflies, will be extirpated. These predictions are supported by a more-than-2500-sample, citizen-science data set of aquatic insects from the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon and by a survey of insect diversity and hydropeaking intensity across dammed rivers of the Western United States. Our study reveals a hydropeaking-related life history bottleneck that precludes viable populations of many aquatic insects from inhabiting regulated rivers. C1 [Kennedy, Theodore A.; Muehlbauer, Jeffrey D.; Yackulic, Charles B.; Dibble, Kimberly L.; Kortenhoeven, Eric W.; Metcalfe, Anya N.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lytle, David A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Miller, Scott W.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Baxter, Colden V.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Kennedy, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM tkennedy@usgs.gov RI Muehlbauer, Jeffrey/G-3607-2011; OI Muehlbauer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1808-580X; Kortenhoeven, Eric/0000-0002-1142-279X; Metcalfe, Anya Nova/0000-0002-6286-4889 FU Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program; US Geological Survey's Southwest Biological Science Center; Department of Energy's Western Area Power Administration FX This article is dedicated to the professional river guides, private boaters, and organizations that participated in or facilitated the citizen-science light trapping project: Arizona Raft Adventures, Arizona River Runners, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Eric Baade, Matt Bryan, Riley Burch, Kirk Burnett, Canyon Expeditions, Canyon REO, Canyoneers, David Cassidy, Ceiba Adventures, Laura Chamberlain, Colorado River and Trail Expeditions, Jerry Cox, Bob Dye, Grand Canyon Expeditions, Grand Canyon National Park, Grand Canyon River Guides, Grand Canyon Youth, Amy Harmon, Hatch River Expeditions, Scott Jernigan, Ethan Johnson, Walker Mackay, Kelly McGrath, Moenkopi Riverworks, Ariel Neill, Outdoors Unlimited, Marc Perkins, Wade Permar, Katie Proctor, Professional River Outfitters, Matt Robinson, Orea Roussis, Gibney Siemion, Connie Tibbitts, John Toner, Jamie Townsend, Tour West, Kelly Wagner, Wilderness River Adventures, Kelly Williams, Kelsey Wogan, Kiki Wykstra, and Glade Zarn. We thank Lynn Hamilton of Grand Canyon River Guides and Emma Wharton of Grand Canyon Youth for their ongoing support and engagement. We thank Daren Carlisle (US Geological Survey), Mark Nelson (Bureau of Reclamation), Raymond Perkins (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife), Andrew Welch (PPL Montana), and Marc Wethington (New Mexico Department of Game and Fish) for providing invertebrate data used in the regional analysis. Jeremy Monroe of Freshwaters Illustrated developed the conceptual model (figure 8). We thank Matt Schroer and Jesse Fleri for conducting the egg desiccation experiments. TAK thanks Jack Schmidt for the opportunity to participate in the 2011 Lodore Canyon river trip that inspired this project. Funding for this study was provided by the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program, the US Geological Survey's Southwest Biological Science Center, and the Department of Energy's Western Area Power Administration. Finally, we are grateful for comments from Shahid Naeem, Sarah Hobbie, Jacques Finlay, Jane Lubchenco, Daren Carlisle, Brendan McKie, and Jack Schmidt on earlier drafts that greatly improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 31 U2 45 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2016 VL 66 IS 7 BP 561 EP 575 DI 10.1093/biosci/biw059 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA DR7JD UT WOS:000380075000007 ER PT J AU Selby, TH Hart, KM Fujisaki, I Smith, BJ Pollock, CJ Hillis-Starr, Z Lundgren, I Oli, MK AF Selby, Thomas H. Hart, Kristen M. Fujisaki, Ikuko Smith, Brian J. Pollock, Clayton J. Hillis-Starr, Zandy Lundgren, Ian Oli, Madan K. TI Can you hear me now? Range-testing a submerged passive acoustic receiver array in a Caribbean coral reef habitat SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Caribbean reef; passive acoustic telemetry; range-testing; VR2W ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; NATIONAL MONUMENT; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; RESERVE DESIGN; ST-CROIX; TELEMETRY; FISH; TRACKING; SCIENCE AB Submerged passive acoustic technology allows researchers to investigate spatial and temporal movement patterns of many marine and freshwater species. The technology uses receivers to detect and record acoustic transmissions emitted from tags attached to an individual. Acoustic signal strength naturally attenuates over distance, but numerous environmental variables also affect the probability a tag is detected. Knowledge of receiver range is crucial for designing acoustic arrays and analyzing telemetry data. Here, we present a method for testing a relatively large-scale receiver array in a dynamic Caribbean coastal environment intended for long-term monitoring of multiple species. The U.S. Geological Survey and several academic institutions in collaboration with resource management at Buck Island Reef National Monument (BIRNM), off the coast of St. Croix, recently deployed a 52 passive acoustic receiver array. We targeted 19 array-representative receivers for range-testing by submersing fixed delay interval range-testing tags at various distance intervals in each cardinal direction from a receiver for a minimum of an hour. Using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), we estimated the probability of detection across the array and assessed the effect of water depth, habitat, wind, temperature, and time of day on the probability of detection. The predicted probability of detection across the entire array at 100m distance from a receiver was 58.2% (95% CI: 44.0-73.0%) and dropped to 26.0% (95% CI: 11.4-39.3%) 200m from a receiver indicating a somewhat constrained effective detection range. Detection probability varied across habitat classes with the greatest effective detection range occurring in homogenous sand substrate and the smallest in high rugosity reef. Predicted probability of detection across BIRNM highlights potential gaps in coverage using the current array as well as limitations of passive acoustic technology within a complex coral reef environment. C1 [Selby, Thomas H.; Fujisaki, Ikuko; Smith, Brian J.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 3321 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Pollock, Clayton J.; Hillis-Starr, Zandy] Natl Pk Serv, Buck Isl Reef Natl Monument, St Croix, VI USA. [Lundgren, Ian] Naval Facil Engn Command, Pacific, 258 Makalapa Dr,Suite 100, Honolulu, HI 96860 USA. [Oli, Madan K.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Selby, TH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM tselby@ufl.edu OI Smith, Brian/0000-0002-0531-0492 FU USGS Natural Resource Protection Program (NRPP) FX We acknowledge the USGS Natural Resource Protection Program (NRPP) for funding. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 6 IS 14 BP 4823 EP 4835 DI 10.1002/ece3.2228 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DR6TE UT WOS:000380033400017 PM 27547316 ER PT J AU Yamaura, Y Connor, EF Royle, JA Itoh, K Sato, K Taki, H Mishima, Y AF Yamaura, Yuichi Connor, Edward F. Royle, J. Andrew Itoh, Katsuo Sato, Kiyoshi Taki, Hisatomo Mishima, Yoshio TI Estimating species-area relationships by modeling abundance and frequency subject to incomplete sampling SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Species-area relationship; density-area relationship; imperfect detection; incomplete spatial coverage; null model; random placement model; species richness estimator ID MIXTURE-MODELS; RICHNESS ESTIMATORS; IMPERFECT DETECTION; POPULATION-DENSITY; CLOSED POPULATION; PATCH SIZE; BIODIVERSITY; INDIVIDUALS; COMMUNITIES; STATISTICS AB Models and data used to describe species-area relationships confound sampling with ecological process as they fail to acknowledge that estimates of species richness arise due to sampling. This compromises our ability to make ecological inferences from and about species-area relationships. We develop and illustrate hierarchical community models of abundance and frequency to estimate species richness. The models we propose separate sampling from ecological processes by explicitly accounting for the fact that sampled patches are seldom completely covered by sampling plots and that individuals present in the sampling plots are imperfectly detected. We propose a multispecies abundance model in which community assembly is treated as the summation of an ensemble of species-level Poisson processes and estimate patch-level species richness as a derived parameter. We use sampling process models appropriate for specific survey methods. We propose a multispecies frequency model that treats the number of plots in which a species occurs as a binomial process. We illustrate these models using data collected in surveys of early-successional bird species and plants in young forest plantation patches. Results indicate that only mature forest plant species deviated from the constant density hypothesis, but the null model suggested that the deviations were too small to alter the form of species-area relationships. Nevertheless, results from simulations clearly show that the aggregate pattern of individual species density-area relationships and occurrence probability-area relationships can alter the form of species-area relationships. The plant community model estimated that only half of the species present in the regional species pool were encountered during the survey. The modeling framework we propose explicitly accounts for sampling processes so that ecological processes can be examined free of sampling artefacts. Our modeling approach is extensible and could be applied to a variety of study designs and allows the inclusion of additional environmental covariates. C1 [Yamaura, Yuichi; Mishima, Yoshio] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Kita Ku, Nishi 9,Kita 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608589, Japan. [Yamaura, Yuichi] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Dept Forest Vegetat, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. [Connor, Edward F.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Itoh, Katsuo; Sato, Kiyoshi] Itoh Res Appl Plant Studies, Katsura Machi 560-114, Nakagawa Cty, Hokkaido 0890545, Japan. [Taki, Hisatomo] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Dept Forest Entomol, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. [Mishima, Yoshio] Natl Inst Environm Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. RP Yamaura, Y (reprint author), Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Dept Forest Vegetat, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. EM yamaura@ffpri.affrc.go.jp RI Yamaura, Yuichi/A-3638-2012; OI Yamaura, Yuichi/0000-0001-9355-4413; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU JSPS [23780153, 26292074] FX JSPS KAKENHI, (Grant/Award Number: "23780153, 26292074"). NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 6 IS 14 BP 4836 EP 4848 DI 10.1002/ece3.2244 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DR6TE UT WOS:000380033400018 PM 27547317 ER PT J AU Glotzbecker, GJ Walters, DM Blum, MJ AF Glotzbecker, Gregory J. Walters, David M. Blum, Michael J. TI Rapid movement and instability of an invasive hybrid swarm SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biological invasion; Cyprinella; introgression; moving hybrid zone; red shiner; species collapse ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; SPECIATION REVERSAL; SPARTINA-DENSIFLORA; CAMPOSTOMA-ANOMALUM; NOTROPIS-LUTRENSIS; SECONDARY CONTACT AB Unstable hybrid swarms that arise following the introduction of non-native species can overwhelm native congeners, yet the stability of invasive hybrid swarms has not been well documented over time. Here, we examine genetic variation and clinal stability across a recently formed hybrid swarm involving native blacktail shiner (Cyprinella venusta) and non-native red shiner (C. lutrensis) in the Upper Coosa River basin, which is widely considered to be a global hot spot of aquatic biodiversity. Examination of phenotypic, multilocus genotypic, and mitochondrial haplotype variability between 2005 and 2011 revealed that the proportion of hybrids has increased over time, with more than a third of all sampled individuals exhibiting admixture in the final year of sampling. Comparisons of clines over time indicated that the hybrid swarm has been rapidly progressing upstream, but at a declining and slower pace than rates estimated from historical collection records. Clinal comparisons also showed that the hybrid swarm has been expanding and contracting over time. Additionally, we documented the presence of red shiner and hybrids farther downstream than prior studies have detected, which suggests that congeners in the Coosa River basin, including all remaining populations of the threatened blue shiner (Cyprinella caerulea), are at greater risk than previously thought. C1 [Glotzbecker, Gregory J.; Blum, Michael J.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 400 Lindy Boggs, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Walters, David M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Blum, Michael J.] Tulane Univ, Tulane Xavier Ctr Bioenvironm Res, 400 Lindy Boggs, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Glotzbecker, GJ (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 400 Lindy Boggs, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM gglotzbe@tulane.edu FU US Environmental Protection Agency; Tulane University FX We thank Noel Burkhead, Byron Freeman and Brady Porter for guiding the development of this study. We thank Bruno Ghersi Chavez for GIS assistance. We also thank Travis Haas, Erick Gagne, Brandon Policky, Lee Attaway, and Brittany Bernik for assisting with field collections, Sabrina Hunter for laboratory assistance with molecular data collection and preparation, and Jessica Ward for reviewing and earlier version of the manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency and Tulane University. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 741 EP 755 DI 10.1111/eva.12371 PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA DR5GQ UT WOS:000379931900001 PM 27330551 ER PT J AU Bohling, JH Dellinger, J McVey, JM Cobb, DT Moorman, CE Waits, LP AF Bohling, Justin H. Dellinger, Justin McVey, Justin M. Cobb, David T. Moorman, Christopher E. Waits, Lisette P. TI Describing a developing hybrid zone between red wolves and coyotes in eastern North Carolina, USA SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation-reliant species; endangered species; genetic cline; genetic introgression; noninvasive genetic sampling ID WOLF CANIS-RUFUS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FECAL DNA; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; GRAY WOLF; GENE FLOW; R PACKAGE; HYBRIDIZATION; INTROGRESSION AB When hybridizing species come into contact, understanding the processes that regulate their interactions can help predict the future outcome of the system. This is especially relevant in conservation situations where human activities can influence hybridization dynamics. We investigated a developing hybrid zone between red wolves and coyotes in North Carolina, USA to elucidate patterns of hybridization in a system heavily managed for preservation of the red wolf genome. Using noninvasive genetic sampling of scat, we surveyed a 2880 km 2 region adjacent to the Red Wolf Experimental Population Area (RWEPA). We combined microsatellite genotypes collected from this survey with those from companion studies conducted both within and outside the RWEPA to describe the gradient of red wolf ancestry. A total of 311 individuals were genotyped at 17 loci and red wolf ancestry decreased along an east-west gradient across the RWEPA. No red wolves were found outside the RWEPA, yet half of individuals found within this area were coyotes. Hybrids composed only 4% of individuals within this landscape despite co-occurrence of the two species throughout the RWEPA. The low proportion of hybrids suggests that a combination of active management and natural isolating mechanisms may be limiting intermixing within this hybrid system. C1 [Bohling, Justin H.; Waits, Lisette P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID USA. [Dellinger, Justin] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McVey, Justin M.; Moorman, Christopher E.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC USA. [Cobb, David T.] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Bohling, JH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM justin_bohling@fws.gov FU USFWS; USFWS Red Wolf Recovery Team; Red Wolf Recovery Implementation Team; Point Defiance Zoo Conservation Committee; University of Idaho Student Grant Program [U10854] FX This project was made possible with the help, financial and in kind support of the USFWS, the USFWS Red Wolf Recovery Team and the Red Wolf Recovery Implementation Team. Funding was also provided by the Point Defiance Zoo Conservation Committee, and we would like to thank N. Bogues and J. Donovan for their excellent assistance in the field. Our research was partially supported by Grant No. U10854 from the University of Idaho Student Grant Program. Such support does not constitute endorsement by SGP of the views expressed in this publication. Land access for this survey was granted by the NC Wildlife Resources Commission, Roanoke River NWR, Weyerhaeuser, Goose Creek State Park, NCDA Tidewater Research Station, The Nature Conservancy North Carolina Chapter, and many generous private landowners. Field assistance was provided by L. Bohling and J. Nieratko. Laboratory assistance was provided by E. Herrera, A. Knapp, and M. Sterling. The facilities used for the genetic analysis were part of the UI Laboratory for Ecological, Evolutionary, and Conservation Genetics. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 86 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 33 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 791 EP 804 DI 10.1111/eva.12388 PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA DR5GQ UT WOS:000379931900005 PM 27330555 ER PT J AU Roffler, GH Schwartz, MK Pilgrim, KL Talbot, SL Sage, GK Adams, LG Luikart, G AF Roffler, Gretchen H. Schwartz, Michael K. Pilgrim, Kristy L. Talbot, Sandra L. Sage, George K. Adams, Layne G. Luikart, Gordon TI Identification of landscape features influencing gene flow: How useful are habitat selection models? SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE dispersal; landscape genetics; multiple regression on distance matrices; Ovis dalli dalli; population connectivity; resistance surfaces; resource selection function ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NEIGHBOR MATRICES; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; ECOLOGICAL DATA; CONNECTIVITY; INFORMATION; DISPERSAL; INFERENCE; RESISTANCE; FRAMEWORK AB Understanding how dispersal patterns are influenced by landscape heterogeneity is critical for modeling species connectivity. Resource selection function (RSF) models are increasingly used in landscape genetics approaches. However, because the ecological factors that drive habitat selection may be different from those influencing dispersal and gene flow, it is important to consider explicit assumptions and spatial scales of measurement. We calculated pairwise genetic distance among 301 Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) in southcentral Alaska using an intensive noninvasive sampling effort and 15 microsatellite loci. We used multiple regression of distance matrices to assess the correlation of pairwise genetic distance and landscape resistance derived from an RSF, and combinations of landscape features hypothesized to influence dispersal. Dall's sheep gene flow was positively correlated with steep slopes, moderate peak normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI), and open land cover. Whereas RSF covariates were significant in predicting genetic distance, the RSF model itself was not significantly correlated with Dall's sheep gene flow, suggesting that certain habitat features important during summer (rugged terrain, mid-range elevation) were not influential to effective dispersal. This work underscores that consideration of both habitat selection and landscape genetics models may be useful in developing management strategies to both meet the immediate survival of a species and allow for long-term genetic connectivity. C1 [Roffler, Gretchen H.; Talbot, Sandra L.; Sage, George K.; Adams, Layne G.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Roffler, Gretchen H.; Schwartz, Michael K.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Schwartz, Michael K.; Pilgrim, Kristy L.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. [Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Roffler, Gretchen H.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 802 3rd St, Douglas, AK 99824 USA. RP Roffler, GH (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 802 3rd St, Douglas, AK 99824 USA. EM gretchen.roffler@alaska.gov OI Roffler, Gretchen/0000-0002-8534-3664 FU National Park Service (NPS); US Geological Survey (USGS); USGS; University of Montana; NSF [DEB 1258203, 1067613] FX This work was funded by the National Park Service (NPS) and the US Geological Survey (USGS). The NPS and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) provided survey data and valuable insights. For fieldwork assistance, we thank T. Cambier, H. McMahan, J. Putera, and R. Schwanke. We are grateful to ADF&G for collecting genetic samples. We especially thank J. Tucker and M. Elis for analytical assistance and B. McRae, T. Mohapatra, and V. Shah for computational support. B. Hand and M. Hebblewhite provided useful comments on early drafts of the manuscript. G.R. was supported by the USGS and the University of Montana. G.L. was supported by NSF grants DEB 1258203 and 1067613. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 805 EP 817 DI 10.1111/eva.12389 PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA DR5GQ UT WOS:000379931900006 PM 27330556 ER PT J AU Esque, TC Inman, R Nussear, KE Webb, RH Girard, MM DeGayner, J AF Esque, T. C. Inman, R. Nussear, K. E. Webb, R. H. Girard, M. M. DeGayner, J. TI Comparison of Methods to Monitor the Distribution and Impacts of Unauthorized Travel Routes in a Border Park SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE disturbance; international border; soil impacts; US/Mexico; unauthorized trails and roads ID MOJAVE DESERT; CALIFORNIA; WILDLIFE; USA; RECOVERY; SOILS AB The distribution and abundance of human-caused disturbances vary greatly through space and time and are cause for concern among land stewards in natural areas of the southwestern borderlands between the USA and Mexico. Human migration and border protection along the international boundary create Unauthorized Trail and Road (UTR) networks across National Park Service lands and other natural areas. UTRs may cause soil erosion and compaction, damage to vegetation and cultural resources, and may stress wildlife or impede their movements. We quantify the density and severity of UTR disturbances in relation to soils, and compare the use of previously established targeted trail assessments (hereafter - targeted assessments) against randomly placed transects to detect trail densities at Coronado National Memorial in Arizona in 2011. While trail distributions were similar between methods, targeted assessments estimated a large portion of the park to have the lowest density category (0-5 trail encounters per/km(2)), whereas the random transects in 2011 estimated more of the park as having the higher density categories (e.g., 15-20 encounters per km(2) category). Soil vulnerability categories that were assigned, a priori, based on published soil texture and composition did not accurately predict the impact of UTRs on soil, indicating that empirical methods may be better suited for identifying severity of compaction. While the estimates of UTR encounter frequencies were greater using the random transects than the targeted assessments for a relatively short period of time, it is difficult to determine whether this difference is dependent on greater cross-border activity, differences in technique, or from confounding environmental factors. Future surveys using standardized sampling techniques would increase accuracy. C1 [Esque, T. C.; Inman, R.; Nussear, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Nussear, K. E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, 1664 N Virginia St,Mailstop 154, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Webb, R. H.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Webb, R. H.] Univ Arizona, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Girard, M. M.; DeGayner, J.] Natl Pk Serv, Southern Arizona Off, 2120 N Cent 120, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. [Girard, M. M.] Coronado Natl Forest, 300 W Congress, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. RP Esque, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM tesque@usgs.gov FU National Park Service; USGS-Western Ecological Research Center; USGS-Ecosystems Mission Area FX M. Stoffolano, Chief of Visitor and Resource Protection, assisted our effort by providing staff and safety support during fieldwork. D. Foster and J. Mateljak provided field support and staff in the park. We are grateful for the field assistance provided by A. J. Berger, F. Chen, K. Drake, J. Lopez, A. Modlin, C. Phillips, R. Saulino, and D. Schlichting. The manuscript was graciously reviewed and improved by two anonymous reviewers, National Park Service staff M. Sturm, J. Mateljak, and A. Springer, and US Geological Survey staff K. A. Thomas and S.P. Jones. The National Park Service funded this project with further support from USGS-Western Ecological Research Center and the Ecosystems Mission Area. M. Girard participated in the design of the experiment. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 7 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 EI 2162-4399 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 36 IS 3 BP 248 EP 258 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA DR4LH UT WOS:000379872500004 ER PT J AU Rundel, PW Keeley, JE AF Rundel, Philip W. Keeley, Jon E. TI Dispersal Limitation Does Not Control High Elevational Distribution of Alien Plant Species in the Southern Sierra Nevada, California SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE alpine; dispersal; invasives; niche breadth; propagules ID SPATIAL SCALES; NATIONAL-PARK; INVASIONS; VEGETATION; FIRE; VULNERABILITY; DIVERSITY; GRADIENTS; RICHNESS; PATTERNS AB Patterns of elevational distribution of alien plant species in the southern Sierra Nevada of California were used to test the hypothesis that alien plant species invading high elevations around the world are typically climate generalists capable of growing across a wide elevational range. The Sierra Nevada has been heavily impacted for more than a century and a half, first by heavy grazing up into high elevation meadows, followed by major logging, and finally, by impacts associated with recreational use. The comparative elevational patterns of distribution and growth form were compared for native and alien plant species in the four families (Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae) that contribute the majority of naturalized aliens in the study area. The distribution of realized climatic niche breadth, as measured by elevational range of occurrence, was virtually identical for alien and native species, with both groups showing a roughly Gaussian distribution peaking with species whose range covers a span of 1500-1999 m. In contrast to alien species, which only rarely occurred at higher elevations, native species showed a distribution of upper elevation limits peaking at 3000-3499 m, an elevation that corresponds to the zone of upper montane and subalpine forests. Consistent with a hypothesis of abiotic limitations, only a few alien species have been ecologically successful invaders at subalpine and alpine elevations above 2500 m. The low diversity of aliens able to become established in these habitats is unlikely due to dispersal limitations, given the long history of heavy grazing pressure at high elevations across this region. Instead, this low diversity is hypothesized to be a function of life history traits and multiple abiotic stresses that include extremes of cold air and soil temperature, heavy snowfall, short growing seasons, and low resource availability. These findings have significant implications for resource managers. C1 [Rundel, Philip W.; Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif UCLA, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif UCLA, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.; Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 17 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 EI 2162-4399 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 36 IS 3 BP 277 EP 287 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA DR4LH UT WOS:000379872500007 ER PT J AU Bland, MT Raymond, CA Schenk, PM Fu, RR Kneissl, T Pasckert, JH Hiesinger, H Preusker, F Park, RS Marchi, S King, SD Castillo-Rogez, JC Russell, CT AF Bland, Michael T. Raymond, Carol A. Schenk, Paul M. Fu, Roger R. Kneissl, Thomas Pasckert, Jan Hendrik Hiesinger, Harry Preusker, Frank Park, Ryan S. Marchi, Simone King, Scott D. Castillo-Rogez, Julie C. Russell, Christopher T. TI Composition and structure of the shallow subsurface of Ceres revealed by crater morphology SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VISCOUS RELAXATION; WATER ICE; DIFFERENTIATION; DEFORMATION; SATELLITES; TOPOGRAPHY; VISCOSITY; EVOLUTION; MIXTURES; RHEOLOGY AB Before NASA's Dawn mission, the dwarf planet Ceres was widely believed to contain a substantial ice-rich layer below its rocky surface. The existence of such a layer has significant implications for Ceres's formation, evolution, and astrobiological potential. Ceres is warmer than icy worlds in the outer Solar System and, if its shallow subsurface is ice-rich, large impact craters are expected to be erased by viscous flow on short geologic timescales. Here we use digital terrain models derived from Dawn Framing Camera images to show that most of Ceres's largest craters are several kilometres deep, and are therefore inconsistent with the existence of an ice-rich subsurface. We further show from numerical simulations that the absence of viscous relaxation over billion-year timescales implies a subsurface viscosity that is at least one thousand times greater than that of pure water ice. We conclude that Ceres's shallow subsurface is no more than 30% to 40% ice by volume, with a mixture of rock, salts and/or clathrates accounting for the other 60% to 70%. However, several anomalously shallow craters are consistent with limited viscous relaxation and may indicate spatial variations in subsurface ice content. C1 [Bland, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagsta, AZ 86001 USA. [Raymond, Carol A.; Park, Ryan S.; Castillo-Rogez, Julie C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Schenk, Paul M.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3303 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Fu, Roger R.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kneissl, Thomas] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. [Pasckert, Jan Hendrik; Hiesinger, Harry] Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Preusker, Frank] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Marchi, Simone] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [King, Scott D.] Virginia Inst Technol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Russell, Christopher T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bland, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagsta, AZ 86001 USA. EM mbland@usgs.gov RI King, Scott/B-1220-2008 OI King, Scott/0000-0002-9564-5164 FU NASA [NNH15AZ85I] FX M.T.B. thanks Trent Hare for ArcGIS support. This work was supported by NASA's Dawn Guest Investigator Program (NNH15AZ85I). NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 9 IS 7 BP 538 EP + DI 10.1038/NGEO2743 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DR3SV UT WOS:000379823800020 ER PT J AU Wisniewski, JM Abbott, S Landis, AMG AF Wisniewski, J. M. Abbott, S. Landis, A. M. Gascho TI An Evaluation of Streamflow Augmentation as a Short-Term Freshwater Mussel Conservation Strategy SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE drought; mussels; capture-mark-recapture; incomplete detection; water augmentation ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNIONID MUSSELS; LOWLAND RIVER; SURVIVAL; DROUGHT; RECAPTURE; BIVALVIA; BEHAVIOR; PROBABILITY; COMMUNITIES AB Recurrent and prolonged droughts, coupled with increased water resource demand, threaten freshwater mussel populations through stream drying and water quality degradation. Augmentation of stream discharge was proposed as a short-term strategy to maintain adequate streamflows and water quality in reaches with important freshwater mussel populations during exceptionally low flow periods. We investigated the effects of water augmentation on seven freshwater mussel species in a small creek between 2011 and 2014. Using capture-mark-recapture methods, we monitored mussel populations in a control reach upstream of an augmentation outlet and two reaches immediately downstream of an augmentation outlet. Water quality measurements during our study indicated that augmentation improved water temperature and dissolved oxygen conditions during low flow periods. For all mussel species, apparent survival was positively related to minimum streamflows and declined precipitously as streamflows decreased. However, mean apparent survival between sampling occasions was high among all species but did not differ among treatment units, suggesting that flow augmentation rates in this study were insufficient for abating the effects of basin-wide reductions in streamflow. Temporary emigration differed among study reaches but did not support hypothesized relationships because it increased with stream stage and was highest in an augmented reach. This suggests that streamflows did not drop below thresholds, which invoked burrowing as a response to decreased streamflows. Streamflow augmentation may be a viable short-term mussel conservation strategy in small streams but will likely require higher augmentation volume capacity than evaluated during our study. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wisniewski, J. M.; Landis, A. M. Gascho] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Nongame Conservat Sect, Social Circle, Atlanta, GA 30334 USA. [Abbott, S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Georgia Ecol Serv, Ft Benning, GA USA. [Landis, A. M. Gascho] SUNY Agr & Tech Coll Cobleskill, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Environm Sci, Cobleskill, NY 12043 USA. RP Wisniewski, JM (reprint author), Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Nongame Conservat Sect, Social Circle, Atlanta, GA 30334 USA. EM jason.wisniewski@dnr.state.ga.us FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Nongame Conservation Fund of the Nongame Conservation Section of the Wildlife Resources Division of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources FX We thank Brett Albanese, Catherine Bartenstein, Dave Caldwell, Brian Clayton, Gail Cowie, John Doresky, Beau Dudley, Matt Hill, Lucas Hix, Mark Hughes, Travis Ingram, John Kilpatrick, Suzi Mersmann, Kelly Murray, Ani Popp, Will Pruitt, JT Pynne, Catherine Reuter, Craig Robbins, Nathalie Smith, Sandy Spivey, Josh Tannehill, Rebecca Tuck, Deb Weiler, Rob Weller, Jessi Wilson, Chris Yates and Anna Yellin for field and data entry assistance. Jim Peterson and Colin Shea provided advice and review of population demographic models. Thanks to Doug Wilson, Mark Masters and Newton Cloud for implementation, operation and maintenance of the water augmentation system. This project was completed in cooperation with the Golden Triangle Resource Conservation & Development Council, Georgia Water Policy Planning Center, Georgia Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Resources Division, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Funding for this project was provided from the US Fish and Wildlife Service and Nongame Conservation Fund of the Nongame Conservation Section of the Wildlife Resources Division of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service or Georgia Department of Natural Resources. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1166 EP 1178 DI 10.1002/rra.2937 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DR5OS UT WOS:000379952900003 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE Dembkowski, DJ AF Miranda, L. E. Dembkowski, D. J. TI Evidence for Serial Discontinuity in the Fish Community of a Heavily Impounded River SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE reservoir zones; reservoir chain; Tennessee River; species richness; assemblage structure; rheophilic; CAP ID LOW-HEAD DAMS; RESERVOIR; MANAGEMENT; ASSEMBLAGES; GRADIENTS; QUALITY; HABITAT; LAKES AB In the Tennessee River, USA, we examined lengthwise patterns in fish community structure and species richness within and among nine reservoirs organized in sequence and connected through navigational locks. Within reservoirs, the riverine, transition and lacustrine zones supported distinct, although overlapping, nearshore fish assemblages; differences were also reflected in measures of species richness. Spatial patterns were most apparent for rheophilic species, which increased in species richness and representation upstream within each reservoir and downstream across the chain of reservoirs. This pattern resembled a sawtooth wave, with the amplitude of the wave peaking in the riverine zone below each dam, and progressively higher wave amplitude developing downstream in the reservoir chain. The observed sawtooth pattern supports the serial discontinuity concept in that the continuity of the riverine fish community is interrupted by the lacustrine conditions created behind each dam. Upstream within each reservoir, and downstream in the chain of reservoirs, habitat characteristics become more riverine. To promote sustainability of rheophilic fishes and maintain biodiversity in impounded rivers, conservation plans could emphasize maintenance and preservation of riverine environments of the reservoir's upper reaches, while remaining cognizant of the broader basin trends that provide opportunities for a lengthwise array of conservation and management policy. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Starkville, MS USA. [Dembkowski, D. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Fish Propagat Sci Ctr, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1187 EP 1195 DI 10.1002/rra.2936 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DR5OS UT WOS:000379952900005 ER PT J AU Merz, JE Delaney, DG Setka, JD Workman, ML AF Merz, J. E. Delaney, D. G. Setka, J. D. Workman, M. L. TI Seasonal Rearing Habitat in a Large Mediterranean-Climate River: Management Implications at the Southern Extent of Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE juvenile; habitat use; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Chinook salmon; steelhead; Oncorhynchus mykiss; regulated river; Mediterranean climate ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; LOWER MOKELUMNE RIVER; COHO SALMON; WINTER HABITAT; CALIFORNIA RIVER; CENTRAL VALLEY; SIDE-CHANNELS; STREAM FISHES; FLOODPLAIN; STEELHEAD AB Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus) use a variety of rearing environments prior to seaward migration, yet large river habitats and their use have not been well defined, particularly at the southernmost salmon range where major landscape-level alterations have occurred. We explored juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) presence along the river continuum and in main-channel and off-channel habitats of a regulated California Mediterranean-climate river. Over an 8-year period, off-channels of the lower Mokelumne River exhibited slower and warmer water than the main-channel. Probability of salmonid presence varied by stream reach and habitat types. Steelhead and Chinook salmon both demonstrated transitional responses to the dry season, with juveniles leaving off-channels by midsummer. This corresponded to flow recession, increasing water temperatures, salmonid growth and end of emigration period. Main-channel steelhead observations continued until the following storm season, which brought cool flood flows to reconnect off-channels and the next juvenile cohort of both species to the river. Within arid climates, low-gradient off-channels appear more transiently used than in cooler and more northern humid climate systems. Within a highly regulated Mediterranean-climate river, off-channel habitats become increasingly scarce, disconnected or temperature limiting in low-gradient reaches both seasonally and due to anthropogenic modifications. These observations may provide guidance for future management within large salmon streams. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Merz, J. E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Delaney, D. G.] Cramer Fish Sci, Auburn, CA USA. [Setka, J. D.] East Bay Municipal Util Dist, Lodi, CA USA. [Workman, M. L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lodi, CA USA. RP Merz, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM jemerz@ucsc.edu FU East Bay Municipal Utility District; CropLife America FX We are indebted to the East Bay Municipal Utility District Fisheries and Wildlife Office for supporting habitat sampling and providing significant data input and sorting for this study. We thank A. Brodsky, T. Hinkelman and J. Melgo for assistance in creating several figures and tables. R. Johnson, M. Saiki, S. Sogard, S. Zeug, the editor and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on early manuscript drafts. East Bay Municipal Utility District and CropLife America funded this research. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1220 EP 1231 DI 10.1002/rra.2969 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DR5OS UT WOS:000379952900008 ER PT J AU Cunningham, JA Kesler, DC Lanctot, RB AF Cunningham, Jenny A. Kesler, Dylan C. Lanctot, Richard B. TI Habitat and social factors influence nest-site selection in Arctic-breeding shorebirds SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Arctic Coastal Plain; climate change; microhabitat; nest-site selection; shorebird; social interaction; tundra ID SANDPIPER CALIDRIS-ALPINA; DAILY ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; WESTERN SANDPIPER; PUBLIC INFORMATION; PREDATION RISK; GOLDEN-PLOVER; SUCCESS; ALASKA; TUNDRA; BEHAVIOR AB Habitat selection theory suggests that shorebirds should choose nest sites that maximize survival and fitness. We investigated how habitat, and proximity to conspecific or heterospecific nesting birds, was related to nest-site selection in American Golden-Plovers (Pluvialis dominica), Dunlin (Calidris alpina), Long-billed Dowitchers (Limnodromus scolopaceus), Pectoral Sandpipers (C. melanotos), Red Phalaropes (Phalaropus fulicarius), and Semipalmated Sandpipers (C. pusilla) in Barrow, Alaska, USA, between 2005 and 2012. We used remote-sensing data to link habitat information to used and unused nest sites, and we measured distances from nests to other nearby nesting shorebird neighbors. Results from an information-theoretic approach to identify best-approximating models indicated that all species selected nest sites on the basis of both habitat and social cues. Macroscale tundra moisture level within 50 m of the nest, which was closely associated with vegetation community, was an informative variable for Dunlin, Long-billed Dowitcher, and Red Phalarope, which all selected wetter habitat. Enhanced tundra microrelief increased the probability of nest-site selection for American Golden-Plover, Long-billed Dowitcher, Pectoral Sandpiper, and Semipalmated Sandpiper. American Golden-Plover, Dunlin, Pectoral Sandpiper, and Semipalmated Sandpiper selected sites farther from conspecific nests than predicted by chance. Our results indicate that shorebirds select nest sites on the basis of habitat features, and that some are also influenced by proximity to other nesting shorebirds. These findings indicate that shorebirds select nests that are likely to aid incubation abilities, reduce predator detection of nesting birds, enhance detection of predators, enhance foraging, and reduce competition from conspecifics. The variable needs of the different Arctic-breeding shorebirds indicate that climate change will have both beneficial and harmful consequences. Our habitat models may be useful for predicting areas of high shorebird importance throughout the Arctic Coastal Plain, allowing mitigation of proposed anthropogenic developments. C1 [Cunningham, Jenny A.; Kesler, Dylan C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kesler, Dylan C.] Inst Bird Populat, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. [Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Kesler, DC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.; Kesler, DC (reprint author), Inst Bird Populat, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. EM keslerd@mac.com FU USFWS, Migratory Birds Management Division; U.S. Department of Agriculture Experiment Station; Institute for Bird Populations [530] FX Funding statement: Funding for this study was from the USFWS, Migratory Birds Management Division, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Experiment Station. The Institute for Bird Populations provided financial support for this published contribution no. 530. NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 22 U2 43 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2016 VL 133 IS 3 BP 364 EP 377 DI 10.1642/AUK-15-196.1 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DR1KC UT WOS:000379663400004 ER PT J AU Chesser, RT Burns, KJ Cicero, C Dunn, JL Kratter, AW Lovette, IJ Rasmussen, PC Remsen, JV Rising, JD Stotz, DF Winker, K AF Chesser, R. Terry Burns, Kevin J. Cicero, Carla Dunn, Jon L. Kratter, Andrew W. Lovette, Irby J. Rasmussen, Pamela C. Remsen, J. V., Jr. Rising, James D. Stotz, Douglas F. Winker, Kevin TI Fifty-seventh Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds SO AUK LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL SEQUENCE DATA; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; BASILEUTERUS-TRISTRIATUS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; APHELOCOMA JAYS; AVIAN RADIATION; PASSERIDA AVES; PLAIN WREN; SCRUB-JAYS; EVOLUTION C1 [Chesser, R. Terry] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20242 USA. [Burns, Kevin J.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Cicero, Carla] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kratter, Andrew W.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL USA. [Lovette, Irby J.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Rasmussen, Pamela C.] Michigan State Univ Museum, E Lansing, MI USA. [Rasmussen, Pamela C.] Dept Integrat Biol, E Lansing, MI USA. [Remsen, J. V., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rising, James D.] Univ Toronto, Ramsay Wright Labs, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Stotz, Douglas F.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Sci & Educ, Chicago, IL USA. [Winker, Kevin] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Chesser, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20242 USA. EM chessert@si.edu NR 70 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2016 VL 133 IS 3 BP 544 EP 560 DI 10.1642/AUK-16-77.1 PG 17 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DR1KC UT WOS:000379663400018 ER PT J AU Canessa, S Guillera-Arroita, G Lahoz-Monfort, JJ Southwell, DM Armstrong, DP Chades, I Lacy, RC Converse, SJ AF Canessa, Stefano Guillera-Arroita, Gurutzeta Lahoz-Monfort, Jose J. Southwell, Darren M. Armstrong, Doug P. Chades, Iadine Lacy, Robert C. Converse, Sarah J. TI Adaptive management for improving species conservation across the captive-wild spectrum SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Captive breeding; Monitoring; Reintroduction; Stochastic dynamic programming; Translocation; Uncertainty ID STRUCTURED DECISION-MAKING; POPULATION VIABILITY; SURVIVAL; PRECAUTIONARY; UNCERTAINTY; HABITAT; CRANES AB Conservation of endangered species increasingly envisages complex strategies that integrate captive and wild management actions. Management decisions in this context must be made in the face of uncertainty, often with limited capacity to collect information. Adaptive management (AM) combines management and monitoring, with the aim of updating knowledge and improving decision-making over time. We provide a guide for managers who may realize the potential of AM, but are unsure where to start. The urgent need for iterative management decisions, the existence,of uncertainty, and the opportunity for learning offered by often highly controlled captive environments create favorable conditions for AM. However, experiments and monitoring may be complicated by small sample sizes, and the ability to control the system, including stochasticity and observability, may be limited toward the wild end of the spectrum. We illustrate the key steps to implementing AM in threatened species management using four case studies, including the management of captive programs for cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and whooping cranes (Grus americana), of a translocation protocol for Arizona cliffroses Purshia subintegra and of ongoing supplementary feeding of reintroduced hihi (Notiomystis cincta) populations. For each case study, we explain (1) how to clarify whether the decision can be improved by learning (i.e. it is iterative and complicated by uncertainty) and what the management objectives are; (2) how to articulate uncertainty via alternative, testable hypotheses such as competing models or parameter distributions; (3) how to formally define how additional information can be collected and incorporated in future management decisions. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Canessa, Stefano] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, Regents Pk, London, England. [Canessa, Stefano; Guillera-Arroita, Gurutzeta; Lahoz-Monfort, Jose J.; Southwell, Darren M.] Univ Melbourne, Sch BioSci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Armstrong, Doug P.] Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Chades, Iadine] CSIRO, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Lacy, Robert C.] Chicago Zool Soc, Brookfield, IL USA. [Converse, Sarah J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Canessa, S (reprint author), Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, Regents Pk, London, England. EM science@canessas.com RI Chades, iadine/A-4052-2011; OI Chades, iadine/0000-0002-7442-2850; Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441; Lahoz-Monfort, Jose Joaquin/0000-0002-0845-7035 FU National Environmental Research Program (NERP) at the University of Melbourne; University of Melbourne; ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions FX This work was initiated during a workshop funded by the National Environmental Research Program (NERP) at the University of Melbourne in 2014. Manuscript preparation was supported by the University of Melbourne and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 51 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 199 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.04.026 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ9WI UT WOS:000379559600017 ER PT J AU Freifeld, HB Plentovich, S Farmer, C Kohley, CR Luscomb, P Work, TM Tsukayama, D Wallace, GE MacDonald, MA Conant, S AF Freifeld, Holly B. Plentovich, Sheldon Farmer, Chris Kohley, Charles R. Luscomb, Peter Work, Thierry M. Tsukayama, Daniel Wallace, George E. MacDonald, Mark A. Conant, Sheila TI Long-distance translocations to create a second millerbird population and reduce extinction risk SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Assisted colonization; Restoration; Ecological analog; Acrocephalus; Hawai'i ID NEW-ZEALAND; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PHILESTURNUS-CARUNCULATUS; REINTRODUCTION BIOLOGY; SPECIES CONSERVATION; RADIO-TRANSMITTERS; SEYCHELLES WARBLER; ISLAND; SADDLEBACKS; SURVIVAL AB Translocation is a conservation tool used with increasing frequency to create additional populations of threatened species. In addition to following established general guidelines for translocations, detailed planning to account for unique circumstances and intensive post-release monitoring to document outcomes and guide management are essential components of these projects. Recent translocation of the critically endangered Nihoa millerbird (Acrocephalus familiaris kingi) provides an example of this planning and monitoring. The Nihoa millerbird is a passerine bird endemic to Nihoa Island in the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. The closely related, ecologically similar Laysan millerbird (Acrocephalus familiaris familiaris) went extinct on Laysan Island in the early 20th century when the island was denuded by introduced rabbits. To reduce extinction risk, we translocated 50 adult Nihoa millerbirds more than 1000 km by sea to Laysan, which has recovered substantially in the past century and has ample habitat and a rich prey-base for millerbirds. Following five years of intensive background research and planning, including development of husbandry techniques, fundraising, and regulatory compliance, translocations occurred in 2011 and 2012. Of 11 females in each cohort, 8 (2011 cohort) and II (2012 cohort) produced at least one brood of fledglings during their first year on Laysan. At the conclusion of monitoring in September 2014, 37 of the translocated birds were known to survive, and the population was estimated at 164 birds. The reintroduction of millerbirds to Laysan represents a milestone in the island's ongoing restoration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Freifeld, Holly B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Reg, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Plentovich, Sheldon] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Coastal Program, Pacific Isl Fish & Wildlife Off, 300 Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Farmer, Chris] USGS Kilauea Field Stn, Amer Bird Conservancy, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Luscomb, Peter] Pacific Bird Conservat, 1098 Lunaanela St, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50167,300 Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Kohley, Charles R.; Tsukayama, Daniel; Wallace, George E.] Amer Bird Conservancy, 4249 Loudoun Ave, The Plains, VA 20198 USA. [MacDonald, Mark A.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, POB 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. [Conant, Sheila] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Biol, 2538 McCarthy Mall,Edmondson Hall,Room 216, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kohley, Charles R.] Pacific Rim Conservat, POB 61827, Honolulu, HI 96839 USA. [Tsukayama, Daniel] 433 Kawainui St, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. [MacDonald, Mark A.] Dept Marine & Wildlife Resources, POB 3730, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. RP Freifeld, HB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Reg, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM holly_freifeld@fws.gov; sheldon_plentovich@fws.gov; cfarmer@abcbirds.org; robbykohley@gmail.com; pluscomb@pacificbirdconservation.org; thierry_work@usgs.gov; 7denizens@gmail.com; gwallace@abcbirds.org; macdonald.ma@gmail.com; conant@hawaii.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; American Bird Conservancy FX This project was developed and implemented, and the outcomes interpreted, exclusively by the authors. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and American Bird Conservancy provided generous support but had no role in the design of this project or in the analysis of its outcomes. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Mention of products or trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 199 BP 146 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.006 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ9WI UT WOS:000379559600020 ER PT J AU Ennen, JR Agha, M Matamoros, WA Hazzard, SC Lovich, JE AF Ennen, Joshua R. Agha, Mickey Matamoros, Wilfredo A. Hazzard, Sarah C. Lovich, Jeffrey E. TI Using climate, energy, and spatial-based hypotheses to interpret macroecological patterns of North America chelonians SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; biogeography; phylogenetic constraint; latitudinal diversity gradients; turtles; topographical heterogeneity; spatial autocorrelation; water availability ID SPECIES-RICHNESS PATTERNS; LATITUDINAL DIVERSITY GRADIENT; LARGE-SCALE PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL PATTERNS; GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS; RAPOPORTS RULE; TURTLES; BIODIVERSITY; WATER AB Our study investigates how factors, such as latitude, productivity, and several environmental variables, influence contemporary patterns of the species richness in North American turtles. In particular, we test several hypotheses explaining broad-scale species richness patterns on several species richness data sets: (i) total turtles, (ii) freshwater turtles only, (iii) aquatic turtles, (iv) terrestrial turtles only, (v) Emydidae, and (vi) Kinosternidae. In addition to spatial data, we used a combination of 25 abiotic variables in spatial regression models to predict species richness patterns. Our results provide support for multiple hypotheses related to broadscale patterns of species richness, and in particular, hypotheses related to climate, productivity, water availability, topography, and latitude. In general, species richness patterns were positively associated with temperature, precipitation, diversity of streams, coefficient of variation of elevation, and net primary productivity. We also found that North America turtles follow the general latitudinal diversity gradient pattern (i. e., increasing species richness towards equator) by exhibiting a negative association with latitude. Because of the incongruent results among our six data sets, our study highlights the importance of considering phylogenetic constraints and guilds when interpreting species richness patterns, especially for taxonomic groups that occupy a myriad of habitats. C1 [Ennen, Joshua R.; Hazzard, Sarah C.] Tennessee Aquarium, Tennessee Aquarium Conservat Inst, 201 Chestnut St, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Agha, Mickey] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Matamoros, Wilfredo A.] Univ Ciencias & Artes Chiapas, Fac Ciencias Biol, Museo Zool, Apartado Postal 29000, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico. [Lovich, Jeffrey E.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Ennen, JR (reprint author), Tennessee Aquarium, Tennessee Aquarium Conservat Inst, 201 Chestnut St, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. EM jre@tnaqua.org OI Agha, Mickey/0000-0003-0961-8344 NR 94 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 94 IS 7 BP 453 EP 461 DI 10.1139/cjz-2016-0033 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DQ7YX UT WOS:000379426500001 ER PT J AU Walsh, SJ Chakrabarty, P AF Walsh, Stephen J. Chakrabarty, Prosanta TI A New Genus and Species of Blind Sleeper (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from Oaxaca, Mexico: First Obligate Cave Gobiiform in the Western Hemisphere SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION STATUS; FRESH-WATER; FISHES; GOBIOIDEI; GOBIIDAE; AMBLYOPSIDAE; PERCOMORPHA; CRUSTACEANS; ADAPTATIONS; PHYLOGENY AB Caecieleotris morrisi, new genus and species of sleeper (family Eleotridae), is described from a submerged freshwater cave in a karst region of the northern portion of the State of Oaxaca, Mexico, Rio Papaloapan drainage, Gulf of Mexico basin. The new species represents the first cave-adapted sleeper known from the Western Hemisphere and is one of only 13 stygobitic gobiiforms known worldwide, with all others limited in distribution to the Indo-Pacific region. The new taxon represents a third independent evolution of a hypogean lifestyle in sleepers, the others being two species of Oxyeleotris (O. caeca and O. colasi) from New Guinea and a single species, Bostrychus microphthalmus, from Sulawesi. Caecieleotris morrisi, new species, is distinguished from epigean eleotrids of the Western Atlantic in lacking functional eyes and body pigmentation, as well as having other troglomorphic features. It shares convergent aspects of morphology with cave-dwelling species of Oxyeleotris and B. microphthalmus but differs from those taxa in lacking cephalic pores and head squamation, among other characters. Description of C. morrisi, new species, brings the total number of eleotrid species known from Mexico to 12. Seven of these, including the new species, occur on the Atlantic Slope. C1 [Walsh, Stephen J.] US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Chakrabarty, Prosanta] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ichthyol Sect, Museum Nat Sci, 119 Foster Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Walsh, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM swalsh@usgs.gov; prosanta@lsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 1354149] FX We are grateful to D. W. Nelson (UMMZ) for aid with loans and for facilitating collaboration between the authors. C. R. Gilbert (UF) first recognized and brought to the senior author's attention the importance and distinctiveness of this taxon. Curatorial assistance and loans of specimens were arranged by R. R. Robins, L. M. Page, and Z. S. Randall (UF) and C. D. McMahan (LSU). We thank H. Espinosa-Perez (UNAM) for arranging for permits and depositing the holotype in Mexico, H. L. Jelks (USGS) for assistance with photography, and J. J. Schmitter-Soto (ECOSUR) for providing a Spanish translation of the abstract. Constructive comments on a draft of the manuscript were provided by W. F. Loftus. Partial funding for this work was also supplied by National Science Foundation grant DEB 1354149. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD JUL PY 2016 VL 104 IS 2 BP 506 EP 517 DI 10.1643/CI-15-275 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DR0VY UT WOS:000379626200016 ER PT J AU Efford, MG Dawson, DK Jhala, YV Qureshi, Q AF Efford, M. G. Dawson, D. K. Jhala, Y. V. Qureshi, Q. TI Density-dependent home-range size revealed by spatially explicit capture-recapture SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID POSSUMS TRICHOSURUS-VULPECULA; POPULATION-DENSITY; BRUSHTAIL POSSUMS; TERRITORY SIZE; SPACE USE; NEW-ZEALAND; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; HABITAT-QUALITY; OVERLAP; FOREST AB The size of animal home ranges often varies inversely with population density among populations of a species. This fact has implications for population monitoring using spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) models, in which both the scale of home-range movements sigma and population density D usually appear as parameters, and both may vary among populations. It will often be appropriate to model a structural relationship between population-specific values of these parameters, rather than to assume independence. We suggest re-parameterizing the SECR model using k(p) = sigma(p) D-p, where k(p) relates to the degree of overlap between home ranges and the subscript p distinguishes populations. We observe that k(p) is often nearly constant for populations spanning a range of densities. This justifies fitting a model in which the separate k(p) are replaced by the single parameter k and sigma(p) is a density-dependent derived parameter. Continuous density-dependent spatial variation in sigma may also be modelled, using a scaled non-Euclidean distance between detectors and the locations of animals. We illustrate these methods with data from automatic photography of tigers Panthera tigris across India, in which the variation is among populations, from mist-netting of ovenbirds Seiurus aurocapilla in Maryland, USA, in which the variation is within a single population over time, and from live-trapping of brushtail possums Trichosurus vulpecula in New Zealand, modelling spatial variation within one population. Possible applications and limitations of the methods are discussed. A model in which k(p) is constant, while density varies, provides a parsimonious null model for SECR. The parameter k of the null model is a concise summary of the empirical relationship between home-range size and density that is useful in comparative studies. We expect deviations from this model, particularly the dependence of k(p) on covariates, to be biologically interesting. C1 [Efford, M. G.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, POB 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. [Dawson, D. K.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q.] Wildlife Inst India, POB 18, Dehra Dun 248001, India. RP Efford, MG (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, POB 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. EM murray.efford@otago.ac.nz FU New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology FX We are grateful to the many individuals who contributed to the Indian tiger survey; full acknowledgment is made in Jhala et al. (2011). Chan Robbins collected the ovenbird data for 1961-1972, and we are grateful for his generosity and support. The possum data were collected with the assistance of Louise Chilvers, Gary McElrea and the late Phil Knightbridge, with funding from the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology. We thank the subject matter editor, a reviewer and Jim Nichols for their helpful comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 91 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 22 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD JUL PY 2016 VL 39 IS 7 BP 676 EP 688 DI 10.1111/ecog.01511 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR4WU UT WOS:000379904700006 ER PT J AU Lunn, NJ Servanty, S Regehr, EV Converse, SJ Richardson, E Stirling, I AF Lunn, Nicholas J. Servanty, Sabrina Regehr, Eric V. Converse, Sarah J. Richardson, Evan Stirling, Ian TI Demography of an apex predator at the edge of its range: impacts of changing sea ice on polar bears in Hudson Bay SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE abundance; Bayesian; climate change; Hudson Bay; Canada; multistate capture recapture; polar bear (Ursus maritimus); population growth rate; reproduction; sea ice; survival; Ursus maritimus ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; URSUS-MARITIMUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHOCA-HISPIDA; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; POPULATION ECOLOGY; BEAUFORT SEA; HABITAT LOSS; FREE PERIOD AB Changes in the abundance and distribution of wildlife populations are common consequences of historic and contemporary climate change. Some Arctic marine mammals, such as the polar bear (Ursus maritimus), may be particularly vulnerable to such changes due to the loss of Arctic sea ice. We evaluated the impacts of environmental variation on demographic rates for the Western Hudson Bay (WH), polar bear subpopulation from 1984 to 2011 using live-recapture and dead-recovery data in a Bayesian implementation of multistate capture-recapture models. We found that survival of female polar bears was related to the annual timing of sea ice break-up and formation. Using estimated vital rates (e.g., survival and reproduction) in matrix projection models, we calculated the growth rate of the WH subpopulation and projected population responses under different environmental scenarios while accounting for parametric uncertainty, temporal variation, and demographic stochasticity. Our analysis suggested a long-term decline in the number of bears from 1185 (95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI] = 993-1411) in 1987 to 806 (95% BCI = 653-984) in 2011. In the last 10 yr of the study, the number of bears appeared stable due to temporary stability in sea ice conditions (mean population growth rate for the period 2001-2010 = 1.02, 95% BCI = 0.98-1.06). Looking forward, we estimated long-term growth rates for the WH subpopulation of similar to 1.02 (95% BCI = 1.00-1.05) and 0.97 (95% BCI = 0.92-1.01) under hypothetical high and low sea ice conditions, respectively. Our findings support previous evidence for a demographic linkage between sea ice conditions and polar bear population dynamics. Furthermore, we present a robust framework for sensitivity analysis with respect to continued climate change (e.g., to inform scenario planning) and for evaluating the combined effects of climate change and management actions on the status of wildlife populations. C1 [Lunn, Nicholas J.; Richardson, Evan; Stirling, Ian] Univ Alberta, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Wildlife Res Div,Biol Sci Ctr CW405, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Servanty, Sabrina] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Servanty, Sabrina; Converse, Sarah J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Regehr, Eric V.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, 1011 East Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Stirling, Ian] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Lunn, NJ (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Wildlife Res Div,Biol Sci Ctr CW405, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. EM nick.lunn@canada.ca OI Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441 FU Busch Entertainment Corporation/Sea World; Churchill Northern Studies Centre; Earth Rangers Foundation; Environment Canada; Isdell Family Foundation; Manitoba Conservation; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Nunavut Wildlife Research Trust Fund; Parks Canada Agency; Quark Expeditions; Schad Foundation; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Media Inc.; World Wildlife Fund Arctic Programme; World Wildlife Fund Canada; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Care for the Wild International FX We thank the Governments of Manitoba, Nunavut, and Ontario, Canada, and the University of Saskatchewan for permission to use their data. Financial and logistical support of field research was provided by Busch Entertainment Corporation/Sea World, Care for the Wild International, the Churchill Northern Studies Centre, Earth Rangers Foundation, Environment Canada, the Isdell Family Foundation, Manitoba Conservation, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Nunavut Wildlife Research Trust Fund, Parks Canada Agency, Quark Expeditions, Schad Foundation, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Media Inc., World Wildlife Fund Arctic Programme, and World Wildlife Fund Canada. Financial and logistical support for data analysis was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, and the Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Many thanks to the numerous co-workers, field assistants, and helicopter crews who made it possible to collect three decades of data under challenging field conditions and our appreciation goes to L. L. Bailey, W. A. Link, J. D. Nichols, J. A. Royle, and M. C. Runge for helpful discussions and support during data analysis. This paper benefited from useful comments on earlier drafts by R. D. Elliot, E. A. Krebs, J. D. Nichols, K. Rode, M.. C. Runge, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 106 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 120 U2 186 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1302 EP 1320 DI 10.1890/15-1256 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR0NJ UT WOS:000379603900003 PM 27755745 ER PT J AU Behnke, R Vavrus, S Allstadt, A Albright, T Thogmartin, WE Radeloff, VC AF Behnke, R. Vavrus, S. Allstadt, A. Albright, T. Thogmartin, W. E. Radeloff, V. C. TI Evaluation of downscaled, gridded climate data for the - conterminous United States SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate; data set; ecoregions; extremes; gridded; resolution; weather ID HYDROLOGICALLY BASED DATASET; LAND-SURFACE FLUXES; LARGE-SCALE CLIMATE; WEATHER EVENTS; REANALYSIS PROJECT; EXTREMES INDEXES; COMPLEX TERRAIN; TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; PHENOLOGY AB Weather and climate affect many ecological processes, making spatially continuous yet fine-resolution weather data desirable for ecological research and predictions. Numerous downscaled weather data sets exist, but little attempt has been made to evaluate them systematically. Here we address this shortcoming by focusing on four major questions: (1) How accurate are downscaled, gridded climate data sets in terms of temperature and precipitation estimates? (2) Are there significant regional differences in accuracy among data sets? (3) How accurate are their mean values compared with extremes? (4) Does their accuracy depend on spatial resolution? We compared eight widely used downscaled data sets that provide gridded daily weather data for recent decades across the United States. We found considerable differences among data sets and between downscaled and weather station data. Temperature is represented more accurately than precipitation, and climate averages are more accurate than weather extremes. The data set exhibiting the best agreement with station data varies among ecoregions. Surprisingly, the accuracy of the data sets does not depend on spatial resolution. Although some inherent differences among data sets and weather station data are to be expected, our findings highlight how much different interpolation methods affect downscaled weather data, even for local comparisons with nearby weather stations located inside a grid cell. More broadly, our results highlight the need for careful consideration among different available data sets in terms of which variables they describe best, where they perform best, and their resolution, when selecting a downscaled weather data set for a given ecological application. C1 [Behnke, R.] Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Vavrus, S.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst, Ctr Climat Res, 1225 West Dayton St, Madison, WI 53511 USA. [Allstadt, A.; Radeloff, V. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, SILVIS Lab, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Albright, T.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, 1664 North Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Thogmartin, W. E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Vavrus, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst, Ctr Climat Res, 1225 West Dayton St, Madison, WI 53511 USA. EM sjvavrus@wisc.edu RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 FU NASA Biodiversity Program through U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service [F12AP00423]; United States Geological Survey [G14AP00182]; National Science Foundation [NSF EPSCoR Track-1 NSF-IIA-1443108] FX This research was supported by a grant from the NASA Biodiversity Program through a subaward from the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, F12AP00423, and by grants from the United States Geological Survey (G14AP00182) and the National Science Foundation (NSF EPSCoR Track-1 NSF-IIA-1443108). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names are for descriptive purposes only and do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank one anonymous reviewer and editor for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript, and B. Bateman, P. Heglund, and A. Pidgeon for feedback and discussions. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1338 EP 1351 DI 10.1002/15-1061 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR0NJ UT WOS:000379603900005 PM 27755764 ER PT J AU Fagan, ME DeFries, RS Sesnie, SE Arroyo-Mora, JP Chazdon, RL AF Fagan, Matthew E. DeFries, Ruth S. Sesnie, Steven E. Arroyo-Mora, J. Pablo Chazdon, Robin L. TI Targeted reforestation could reverse declines in connectivity for understory birds in a tropical habitat corridor SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Costa Rica; fragmentation; functional connectivity; Glyphorynchus spirurus; Henicorhina leucosticta; Myrmeciza exsul; payments for environmental services; reforestation; Thamnophilus atrinucha; tropical conservation; understory insectivores ID RAIN-FOREST BIRDS; COSTA-RICA; LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; PLANTATION FORESTS; ATLANTIC FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-USE; ANIMAL POPULATIONS; AGRICULTURAL LAND; TREE PLANTATIONS AB Re-establishing connectivity between protected areas isolated by habitat clearing is a key conservation goal in the humid tropics. In northeastern Costa Rica, payments for environmental services (PES) and a government ban on deforestation have subsidized forest protection and reforestation in the San Juan-La Selva Biological Corridor (SJLSBC), resulting in a decline in mature forest loss and the expansion of tree plantations. We use field studies and graph models to assess how conservation efforts have altered functional connectivity over the last 25 years for four species of insectivorous understory birds. Field playback studies assessed how reforestation habitat quality affected the willingness of Myrmeciza exsul, Henicorhina leucosticta, Thamnophilus atrinucha, and Glyphorynchus spirurus to travel outside forest habitat for territorial defense. Observed travel distances were greatest in non-native and native tree plantations with high understory stem density, regardless of overstory composition. In contrast, tree plantations with low stem density had travel responses comparable to open pasture for three of the four bird species. We modeled landscape connectivity for each species using graph models based on varying possible travel distances in tree plantations, gallery forests, and pastures. From 1986 to 2011, connectivity for all species declined in the SJLSBC landscape (5825 km(2)) by 14% to 21% despite only a 4.9% net loss in forest area and the rapid expansion of tree plantations over 2% of the landscape. Plantation placement in the landscape limited their potential facilitation of connectivity because they were located either far from forest cover or within already contiguous forest areas. We mapped current connectivity bottlenecks and identified priority areas for future reforestation. We estimate that reforestation of priority areas could improve connectivity by 2% with only a 1% gain in forest cover, an impressive gain given the small area reforested. Results indicate key locations where spatial targeting of PES within the SJLSBC study region would protect existing forest connectivity and enhance the connectivity benefits of reforestation. C1 [Fagan, Matthew E.] NASA, Biospher Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [DeFries, Ruth S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, 10th Floor Schermerhorn Extens, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Sesnie, Steven E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. [Arroyo-Mora, J. Pablo] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, 805 Sherbrooke St, West Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Chazdon, Robin L.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, U-3043 75 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Fagan, Matthew E.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Geog & Environm Syst, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Fagan, ME (reprint author), NASA, Biospher Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Fagan, ME (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Geog & Environm Syst, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM mfagan@umbc.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth System Science [NNX10AP49H]; NASA [NNH06CC03B]; ASPRS Ta Liang Memorial Award; The Earth Institute; Columbia Institute of Latin American Studies FX The authors would like to thank Maria Uriarte, Dustin Rubenstein, Ian Breckheimer, Amanda Wendt, Deborah Visco, Joel Alvarado, Justin Nowakowski, Jennifer Stynoski, Naiara Pinto, Bryan Sigel, Jeffrey Stratford, Jessie Williamson, and Raquel Lagundo for helpful conversations and advice on ornithology and landscape ecology. Field research was made possible by logistical support provided by FUNDECOR, the staff at the Organization for Tropical Studies La Selva Biological Station, and the hospitality of dozens of Costa Rican farmers, who generously allowed M. Fagan to work on their property. We would like to thank Andres Sanchhn, Jose Miranda, Marvin Paniagua, and Mauricio Gaitan for (occasionally life-saving) assistance in the field. We would also like to express our appreciation to Bonnie Tice and Sue Pickle. This work was funded by National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth System Science Fellowship NNX10AP49H, NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellowship NNH06CC03B, the ASPRS Ta Liang Memorial Award, The Earth Institute, and the Columbia Institute of Latin American Studies. Finally, the authors wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their detailed comments, which markedly improved the original manuscript. NR 117 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 33 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1456 EP 1474 DI 10.1890/14-2188 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR0NJ UT WOS:000379603900013 PM 27755750 ER PT J AU Link, WA Sauer, JR AF Link, William A. Sauer, John R. TI Bayesian cross-validation for model evaluation and selection, with application to the North American Breeding Bird Survey SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; Bayesian predictive information criterion; cross-validation; hierarchical models; North American Breeding Bird Survey ID POPULATION-CHANGE; INFORMATION CRITERION; INFERENCE AB The analysis of ecological data has changed in two important ways over the last 15 years. The development and easy availability of Bayesian computational methods has allowed and encouraged the fitting of complex hierarchical models. At the same time, there has been increasing emphasis on acknowledging and accounting for model uncertainty. Unfortunately, the ability to fit complex models has outstripped the development of tools for model selection and model evaluation: familiar model selection tools such as Akaike's information criterion and the deviance information criterion are widely known to be inadequate for hierarchical models. In addition, little attention has been paid to the evaluation of model adequacy in context of hierarchical modeling, i.e., to the evaluation of fit for a single model. In this paper, we describe Bayesian cross-validation, which provides tools for model selection and evaluation. We describe the Bayesian predictive information criterion and a Bayesian approximation to the BPIC known as the Watanabe-Akaike information criterion. We illustrate the use of these tools for model selection, and the use of Bayesian cross- validation as a tool for model evaluation, using three large data sets from the North American Breeding Bird Survey. C1 [Link, William A.; Sauer, John R.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM wlink@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2016 VL 97 IS 7 BP 1746 EP 1758 DI 10.1890/15-1286.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ6OE UT WOS:000379323800012 PM 27859161 ER PT J AU Broms, KM Hooten, MB Fitzpatrick, RM AF Broms, Kristin M. Hooten, Mevin B. Fitzpatrick, Ryan M. TI Model selection and assessment for multi-species occupancy models SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical models; biodiversity; cross-validation; plains fish; South Platte River Basin; species distribution maps ID SPECIES RICHNESS; PENALIZED LIKELIHOOD; IMPERFECT DETECTION; REGRESSION-MODELS; ABUNDANCE MODELS; HILL NUMBERS; COMMUNITY; DETECTABILITY; BIODIVERSITY; INFERENCE AB While multi-species occupancy models (MSOMs) are emerging as a popular method for analyzing biodiversity data, formal checking and validation approaches for this class of models have lagged behind. Concurrent with the rise in application of MSOMs among ecologists, a quiet regime shift is occurring in Bayesian statistics where predictive model comparison approaches are experiencing a resurgence. Unlike single-species occupancy models that use integrated likelihoods, MSOMs are usually couched in a Bayesian framework and contain multiple levels. Standard model checking and selection methods are often unreliable in this setting and there is only limited guidance in the ecological literature for this class of models. We examined several different contemporary Bayesian hierarchical approaches for checking and validating MSOMs and applied these methods to a freshwater aquatic study system in Colorado, USA, to better understand the diversity and distributions of plains fishes. Our findings indicated distinct differences among model selection approaches, with cross-validation techniques performing the best in terms of prediction. C1 [Broms, Kristin M.; Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fitzpatrick, Ryan M.] Colorado Parks & Wildlife, Aquat Wildlife Res Grp, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Broms, KM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kristin.broms@rams.colostate.edu FU Colorado Parks and Wildlife FX Funding for this research was provided by Colorado Parks and Wildlife. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 27 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2016 VL 97 IS 7 BP 1759 EP 1770 DI 10.1890/15-1471.1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ6OE UT WOS:000379323800013 PM 27859174 ER PT J AU Faison, EK DeStefano, S Foster, DR Motzkin, G Rapp, JM AF Faison, Edward K. DeStefano, Stephen Foster, David R. Motzkin, Glenn Rapp, Joshua M. TI Ungulate browsers promote herbaceous layer diversity in logged temperate forests SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Browsing; disturbance; herbivory; moose; species richness; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; GRASSLAND PLANT DIVERSITY; NATURAL REGENERATION; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; LARGE HERBIVORES; GROUND FLORA; ISLE ROYALE; NEW-ENGLAND AB Ungulates are leading drivers of plant communities worldwide, with impacts linked to animal density, disturbance and vegetation structure, and site productivity. Many ecosystems have more than one ungulate species; however, few studies have specifically examined the combined effects of two or more species on plant communities. We examined the extent to which two ungulate browsers (moose [Alces americanus]) and white-tailed deer [Odocoileus virginianus]) have additive (compounding) or compensatory (opposing) effects on herbaceous layer composition and diversity, 5-6 years after timber harvest in Massachusetts, USA. We established three combinations of ungulates using two types of fenced exclosures - none (full exclosure), deer (partial exclosure), and deer + moose (control) in six replicated blocks. Species composition diverged among browser treatments, and changes were generally additive. Plant assemblages characteristic of closed canopy forests were less abundant and assemblages characteristic of open/disturbed habitats were more abundant in deer + moose plots compared with ungulate excluded areas. Browsing by deer + moose resulted in greater herbaceous species richness at the plot scale (169 m(2)) and greater woody species richness at the subplot scale (1 m(2)) than ungulate exclusion and deer alone. Browsing by deer + moose resulted in strong changes to the composition, structure, and diversity of forest herbaceous layers, relative to areas free of ungulates and areas browed by white-tailed deer alone. Our results provide evidence that moderate browsing in forest openings can promote both herbaceous and woody plant diversity. These results are consistent with the classic grazing-species richness curve, but have rarely been documented in forests. C1 [Faison, Edward K.] Highstead, POB 1097, Redding, CT 06875 USA. [DeStefano, Stephen] Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res, US Geol Survey, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Foster, David R.; Rapp, Joshua M.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, 324 North Main St, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Motzkin, Glenn] Conway Sch, 332 South Deerfield Rd, Conway, MA 01341 USA. RP Faison, EK (reprint author), Highstead, POB 1097, Redding, CT 06875 USA. EM efaison@highstead.net FU Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation; National Science Foundation [DEB 0620443, DEB 1237491]; Highstead; USGS Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife FX Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, National Science Foundation (Grant/Award Number: # DEB 0620443, # DEB 1237491), Highstead, USGS Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife. NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 23 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 6 IS 13 BP 4591 EP 4602 DI 10.1002/ece3.2223 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DQ6VU UT WOS:000379344400029 PM 27386099 ER PT J AU Besser, JM Ivey, CD Brumbaugh, WG Ingersoll, CG AF Besser, John M. Ivey, Chris D. Brumbaugh, William G. Ingersoll, Christopher G. TI Effect of diet quality on chronic toxicity of aqueous lead to the amphipod Hyalella azteca SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Multiple stressors; Chronic test endpoints; Test acceptability criteria; Species sensitivity distribution ID DAPHNIA-MAGNA; RAINBOW-TROUT; WATER; COPPER; ZINC; SENSITIVITY; CADMIUM; ORGANISMS; STRESSORS; EXPOSURES AB The authors investigated the chronic toxicity of aqueous Pb to the amphipod Hyalella azteca (Hyalella) in 42-d tests using 2 different diets: 1) the yeast+cereal leaf+trout pellet (YCT) diet, fed at the uniform low ration used in standard methods for sediment toxicity tests; and 2) a new diet of diatoms+TetraMin flakes (DT), fed at increasing rations over time, that has been optimized for use in Hyalella water-only tests. Test endpoints included survival, weight, biomass, fecundity, and total young. Lethal effects of Pb were similar for the DT and YCT tests (20% lethal concentration [LC20]=13g/L and 15g/L, respectively, as filterable Pb). In contrast, weight and fecundity endpoints were not significantly affected in the DT test at Pb concentrations up to 63 mu g/L, but these endpoints were significantly reduced by Pb in the YCT testand in a 2005 test in the same laboratory with a diet of conditioned Rabbit Chow (RC-2005). The fecundity and total young endpoints from the YCT and RC-2005 tests were considered unreliable because fecundity in controls did not meet test acceptability criteria, but both of these tests still produced lower Pb effect concentrations (for weight or biomass) than the test with the DT diet. The lowest biotic ligand model-normalized effect concentrations for the 3 tests ranged from 3.7g/L (weight 20% effect concentration [EC20] for the RC-2005 test) to 8.2g/L (total young EC20 for the DT test), values that would rank Hyalella as the second or third most sensitive of 13 genera in a species sensitivity distribution for chronic Pb toxicity. These results demonstrate that toxicity tests with Hyalella fed optimal diets can meet more stringent test acceptability criteria for control performance, but suggest that results of these tests may underestimate sublethal toxic effects of Pb to Hyalella under suboptimal feeding regimes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1825-1834. Published 2015 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Besser, John M.; Ivey, Chris D.; Brumbaugh, William G.; Ingersoll, Christopher G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Besser, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jbesser@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey (USGS); Columbia Environmental Research Center in Columbia Missouri; International Lead Zinc Research Organization (ILZRO) FX The present study was funded through an agreement between the US Geological Survey (USGS), Columbia Environmental Research Center in Columbia Missouri, and the International Lead Zinc Research Organization (ILZRO), with J. Chowdhury serving as ILZRO project officer. D. DeForest of Windward Environmental Consultants provided assistance with biotic ligand models. E. Brunson and B. Stahlschmidt of the USGS designed and constructed the modified diluter used for chronic toxicity tests with Hyalella, and other USGS personnel assisted with invertebrate culture and toxicity testing (D. Whites) toxicity testing (R. Dorman, D. Hardesty, J. Hughes, and B. King), and chemical analyses (M. Walther). NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1825 EP 1834 DI 10.1002/etc.3341 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DQ9RV UT WOS:000379547900026 PM 26932313 ER PT J AU Houseknecht, DW Connors, CD AF Houseknecht, David W. Connors, Christopher D. TI Pre-Mississippian tectonic affinity across the Canada Basin-Arctic margins of Alaska and Canada SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DETRITAL ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY; GEOLOGY; PALEOGEOGRAPHY AB New and reprocessed seismic reflection data on the Alaskan and Canadian Arctic margins of the Canada Basin, together with geologic constraints from exploration wells and outcrops, reveal structural and stratigraphic relationships in pre-Mississippian rocks that constrain models of Canada Basin opening. Lithostratigraphic age and acoustic character indicate that the Devonian and older passive-margin to foreland-basin succession in the Canadian M'Clure Strait is also found on the central Alaska margin. This succession also displays similar structural geometry and relief as well as deformational age on both margins. Moreover, Middle Devonian to Early Mississippian tectonic vergence-north directed on the central Alaska margin and east directed in the Canadian M'Clure Strait-indicates a common direction of tectonic transport if the two margins were conjugate. All of these observations demonstrate that pre-Mississippian rocks of the Alaskan and Canadian Arctic margins share a common tectonic history of uplift and exhumation and that the two margins were conjugates prior to opening of the Canada Basin. C1 [Houseknecht, David W.] US Geol Survey, 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Connors, Christopher D.] Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Geol, 204 West Washington St, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. RP Houseknecht, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2016 VL 44 IS 7 BP 507 EP 510 DI 10.1130/G37862.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA DQ7AH UT WOS:000379358300009 ER PT J AU ten Brink, US Andrews, BD Miller, NC AF ten Brink, U. S. Andrews, B. D. Miller, N. C. TI Seismicity and sedimentation rate effects on submarine slope stability SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIZE DISTRIBUTION; RUPTURE AREA; LANDSLIDES; EARTHQUAKES; HAZARD; HISPANIOLA; MAGNITUDE; FAULT AB We explore the effects of earthquake frequency and sedimentation rate on submarine slope stability by extracting correlations between morphological and geological parameters in 10 continental margins. Slope stability increases with increasing frequency of earthquakes and decreasing sedimentation rate. This increase in stability is nonlinear (power law with b < 0.5), accelerating with decreasing interseismic sediment accumulation. The correlation is interpreted as evidence for sediment densification and associated shear strength gain induced by repeated seismic shaking. Outliers to this correlation likely identify margins where tectonic activity leads to relatively rapid oversteepening of the slope. C1 [ten Brink, U. S.; Andrews, B. D.; Miller, N. C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [ten Brink, U. S.] Univ Haifa, Dept Marine Geosci, IL-3498838 Haifa, Israel. RP ten Brink, US (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.; ten Brink, US (reprint author), Univ Haifa, Dept Marine Geosci, IL-3498838 Haifa, Israel. OI Andrews, Brian/0000-0003-1024-9400; Miller, Nathan/0000-0003-3271-2929 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 12 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2016 VL 44 IS 7 BP 563 EP 566 DI 10.1130/G37866.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA DQ7AH UT WOS:000379358300024 ER PT J AU Wech, AG AF Wech, Aaron G. TI Extending Alaska's plate boundary: Tectonic tremor generated by Yakutat subduction SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GPS MEASUREMENTS; MEGATHRUST; ZONE; EARTHQUAKES; BENEATH AB The tectonics of the eastern end of the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone are complicated by the inclusion of the Yakutat microplate, which is colliding into and subducting beneath continental North America at near-Pacific-plate rates. The interaction among these plates at depth is not well understood, and further east, even less is known about the plate boundary or the source of Wrangell volcanism. The drop-off in Wadati-Benioff zone (WBZ) seismicity could signal the end of the plate boundary, the start of aseismic subduction, or a tear in the downgoing plate. Further compounding the issue is the possible presence of the Wrangell slab, which is faintly outlined by an anemic, eastward-dipping WBZ beneath the Wrangell volcanoes. In this study, I performed a search for tectonic tremor to map slow, plate-boundary slip in south-central Alaska. I identified similar to 11,000 tremor epicenters, which continue 85 km east of the inferred Pacific plate edge marked by WBZ seismicity. The tremor zone coincides with the edges of the downgoing Yakutat terrane, and tremors transition from periodic to continuous behavior as they near the aseismic Wrangell slab. I interpret tremor to mark slow, semicontinuous slip occurring at the interface between the Yakutat and North America plates. The slow slip region lengthens the megathrust interface beyond the WBZ and may provide evidence for a connection between the Yakutat slab and the aseismic Wrangell slab. C1 [Wech, Aaron G.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4230 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Wech, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4230 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM awech@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2016 VL 44 IS 7 BP 587 EP 590 DI 10.1130/G37817.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA DQ7AH UT WOS:000379358300030 ER PT J AU Loague, K Ebel, BA AF Loague, Keith Ebel, Brian A. TI Finite-element modelling of physics-based hillslope hydrology, Keith Beven, and beyond SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Keith Beven; finite element; hillslope hydrology; equifinality; physics-based; hydrologic modeling ID GENERATING SURFACE RUNOFF; UPSTREAM SOURCE AREAS; STOCHASTIC-CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS; SUBSURFACE FLOW; CHANNEL FLOW; HETEROGENEOUS HILLSLOPES; MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION; LAND-SURFACE; UNCERTAINTY; GROUNDWATER C1 [Loague, Keith] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ebel, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Loague, K (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kloague@stanford.edu OI Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963 NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL 1 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 14 BP 2432 EP 2437 DI 10.1002/hyp.10762 PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DR5BP UT WOS:000379918300002 ER PT J AU Briggs, MA Hare, DK Boutt, DF Davenport, G Lane, JW AF Briggs, Martin A. Hare, Danielle K. Boutt, David F. Davenport, Glorianna Lane, John W. TI Thermal infrared video details multiscale groundwater discharge to surface water through macropores and peat pipes SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 [Briggs, Martin A.; Lane, John W.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, 11 Sherman Pl,Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Hare, Danielle K.] AECOM, Rocky Hill, CT USA. [Boutt, David F.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, 611 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Davenport, Glorianna] Tidmarsh Farms, Living Observ, 139 Bartlett Rd, Plymouth, MA 02360 USA. RP Briggs, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, 11 Sherman Pl,Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM mbriggs@usgs.gov FU Tidmarsh Farms Living Observatory; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substance Hydrology Program FX Funding for these studies was provided by the Tidmarsh Farms Living Observatory and the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substance Hydrology Program. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL 1 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 14 BP 2510 EP 2511 DI 10.1002/hyp.10722 PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DR5BP UT WOS:000379918300009 ER PT J AU Romanach, SS Benscoter, AM Brandt, LA AF Romanach, Stephanie S. Benscoter, Allison M. Brandt, Laura A. TI Value-focused framework for defining landscape-scale conservation targets SO JOURNAL FOR NATURE CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Collaborative conservation; Conservation planning; Florida; Indicator; Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Stakeholder ID BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; PROTECTED AREAS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INDICATORS; MANAGEMENT; SCIENCE; ECOLOGY; CHALLENGES; HABITAT; FORESTS AB Conservation of natural resources can be challenging in a rapidly changing world and require collaborative efforts for success. Conservation planning is the process of deciding how to protect, conserve, and enhance or minimize loss of natural and cultural resources. Establishing conservation targets (also called indicators or endpoints), the measurable expressions of desired resource conditions, can help with site-specific up to landscape-scale conservation planning. Using conservation targets and tracking them through time can deliver benefits such as insight into ecosystem health and providing early warnings about undesirable trends. We describe an approach using value-focused thinking to develop statewide conservation targets for Florida. Using such an approach allowed us to first identify stakeholder objectives and then define conservation targets to meet those objectives. Stakeholders were able to see how their shared efforts fit into the broader conservation context, and also anticipate the benefits of multi-agency and -organization collaboration. We developed an iterative process for large-scale conservation planning that included defining a shared framework for the process, defining the conservation targets themselves, as well as developing management and monitoring strategies for evaluation of their effectiveness. The process we describe is applicable to other geographies where multiple parties are seeking to implement collaborative, large-scale biological planning. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Romanach, Stephanie S.] US Geol Survey, 3321 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Benscoter, Allison M.] Univ Florida, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Brandt, Laura A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Romanach, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3321 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM sromanach@usgs.gov; abenscoter@usgs.gov; laura_brandt@fws.gov FU US Geological Survey's Southeast Region; PFLCC Steering Committee FX Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey's Southeast Region. We thank Tim Breault, the Coordinator for the Peninsular Florida Landscape Conservation Cooperative (PFLCC), and the PFLCC Steering Committee for their support and participation. Many thanks to the Technical Team for their dedication and hard work: Rebekah Gibble, Caroline Gorga, Cindy Fury, Mike Legare, James Lyons, Andrew Townsend, Beth Stys, and Steve Traxler. Thanks to Rebecca Harvey, Julia Chapman, and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful suggestions on an earlier drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The views expressed here do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1617-1381 EI 1618-1093 J9 J NAT CONSERV JI J. Nat. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 32 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.jnc.2016.04.005 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR2JL UT WOS:000379730700006 ER PT J AU Kendrick, KJ Partin, CA Graham, RC AF Kendrick, Katherine J. Partin, Camille A. Graham, Robert C. TI Granitic Boulder Erosion Caused by Chaparral Wildfire: Implications for Cosmogenic Radionuclide Dating of Bedrock Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN BAJA-CALIFORNIA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATION; FIRE; MOUNTAINS; BE-10; AL-26; MODEL AB Rock surface erosion by wildfire is significant and widespread but has not been quantified in southern California or for chaparral ecosystems. Quantifying the surface erosion of bedrock outcrops and boulders is critical for determination of age using cosmogenic radionuclide techniques, as even modest surface erosion removes the accumulation of the cosmogenic radionuclides and causes significant underestimate of age. This study documents the effects on three large granitic boulders following the Esperanza Fire of 2006 in southern California. Spalled rock fragments were quantified by measuring the removed rock volume from each measured boulder. Between 7% and 55% of the total surface area of the boulders spalled in this single fire. The volume of spalled material, when normalized across the entire surface area, represents amean surface lowering of 0.7-12.3 mm. Spalled dmaterial was thicker on the flanks of the boulders, and the height of the fire effects significantly exceeded the height of the vegetation prior to the wildfire. Surface erosion of boulders and bedrock outcrops as a result of wildfire spalling results in fresh surfaces that appear unaffected by chemical weathering. Such surfaces may be preferentially selected by researchers for cosmogenic surface dating because of their fresh appearance, leading to an underestimate of age. C1 [Kendrick, Katherine J.] USGS, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Partin, Camille A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Graham, Robert C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Kendrick, KJ (reprint author), USGS, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM kendrick@usgs.gov OI Partin, Camille/0000-0002-1544-7994 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1376 EI 1537-5269 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 124 IS 4 BP 529 EP 539 DI 10.1086/686273 PG 11 WC Geology SC Geology GA DR1NE UT WOS:000379671400007 ER PT J AU Purcell, MK Pearman-Gillman, S Thompson, RL Gregg, JL Hart, LM Winton, JR Emmenegger, EJ Hershberger, PK AF Purcell, Maureen K. Pearman-Gillman, Schuyler Thompson, Rachel L. Gregg, Jacob L. Hart, Lucas M. Winton, James R. Emmenegger, Eveline J. Hershberger, Paul K. TI Identification of the major capsid protein of erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV) and development of quantitative real-time PCR assays for quantification of ENV DNA SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Diagnostic validation; inclusion bodies; viral erythrocytic necrosis ID VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASII; ATLANTIC SALMON; IRIDOVIRUS; PRV AB Viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) is a disease of marine and anadromous fish that is caused by the erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV), which was recently identified as a novel member of family Iridoviridae by next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the ENV DNA polymerase grouped ENV with other erythrocytic iridoviruses from snakes and lizards. In the present study, we identified the gene encoding the ENV major capsid protein (MCP) and developed a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay targeting this gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the MCP gene sequence supported the conclusion that ENV does not group with any of the currently described iridovirus genera. Because there is no information regarding genetic variation of the MCP gene across the reported host and geographic range for ENV, we also developed a second qPCR assay for a more conserved ATPase-like gene region. The MCP and ATPase qPCR assays demonstrated good analytical and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity based on samples from laboratory challenges of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii. The qPCR assays had similar diagnostic sensitivity and specificity as light microscopy of stained blood smears for the presence of intraerythrocytic inclusion bodies. However, the qPCR assays may detect viral DNA early in infection prior to the formation of inclusion bodies. Both qPCR assays appear suitable for viral surveillance or as a confirmatory test for ENV in Pacific herring from the Salish Sea. C1 [Purcell, Maureen K.; Pearman-Gillman, Schuyler; Thompson, Rachel L.; Winton, James R.; Emmenegger, Eveline J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Thompson, Rachel L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gregg, Jacob L.; Hart, Lucas M.; Hershberger, Paul K.] US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA USA. RP Purcell, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mpurcell@usgs.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council (EVOS) project [12120111-K] FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council (EVOS) project 12120111-K. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 28 IS 4 BP 382 EP 391 DI 10.1177/1040638716646411 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DQ9LY UT WOS:000379532600005 PM 27154315 ER PT J AU Larson, JH Richardson, WB Kennedy, RJ Nelson, JC AF Larson, James H. Richardson, William B. Kennedy, Robert J. Nelson, J. C. TI Spatial Variation in Biofouling of a Unionid Mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) Across the Western Basin of Lake Erie SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA PALLAS; ZEBRA MUSSEL; BIVALVIA UNIONIDAE; GREAT-LAKES; ST CLAIR; INFESTATION; DECLINE; RIVER; ABUNDANCE; INVASION AB Invasion of North American waters by nonnative Dreissena polymorpha and D. rostriformis bugensis has resulted in declines of the Unionidae family of native North American mussels. Dreissenid mussels biofoul unionid mussels in large numbers and interfere with unionid movement, their acquisition of food, and the native mussels' ability to open and close their shells. Initial expectations for the Great Lakes included extirpation of unionids where they co-occurred with dreissenids, but recently adult and juvenile unionids have been found alive in several apparent refugia. These unionid populations may persist due to reduced dreissenid biofouling in these areas, and/or due to processes that remove biofoulers. For example locations inaccessible to dreissenid veligers may reduce biofouling and habitats with soft substrates may allow unionids to burrow and thus remove dreissenids. We deployed caged unionid mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea) at 36 sites across the western basin of Lake Erie to assess spatial variation in biofouling and to identify other areas that might promote the persistence or recovery of native unionid mussels. Biofouling ranged from 0.03 - 26.33 g per mussel, reached a maximum in the immediate vicinity of the mouth of the Maumee River, and appeared to primarily consist of dreissenid mussels. A known mussel refugium in the vicinity of a power plant near the mouth of the Maumee actually exhibited very high biofouling rates, suggesting that low dreissenid colonization did not adequately explain unionid survival in this refugium. In contrast, the southern nearshore area of Lake Erie, near another refugium, had very low biofouling. A large stretch of the western basin appeared to have low biofouling rates and muddy substrates, raising the possibility that these open water areas could support remnant and returning populations of unionid mussels. Previous observations of unionid refugia and the occurrence of low biofouling rates in large areas of the western basin of Lake Erie raise the possibility that unionid and dreissenid coexistence may be possible here and elsewhere. C1 [Larson, James H.; Richardson, William B.; Kennedy, Robert J.; Nelson, J. C.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Larson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jhlarson@usgs.gov OI Nelson, John/0000-0002-7105-0107 NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 9 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 176 IS 1 BP 119 EP 129 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ5EY UT WOS:000379229000009 ER PT J AU Bromaghin, JF Budge, SM Thiemann, GW AF Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. Budge, Suzanne M. Thiemann, Gregory W. TI Should fatty acid signature proportions sum to 1 for diet estimation? SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bias; Bootstrap sample size; Diet composition; Distance measure; Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis QFASA ID SENSITIVITY; ECOLOGY; MODEL AB Knowledge of predator diets, including how diets might change through time or differ among predators, provides essential insights into their ecology. Diet estimation therefore remains an active area of research within quantitative ecology. Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) is an increasingly common method of diet estimation. QFASA is based on a data library of prey signatures, which are vectors of proportions summarizing the fatty acid composition of lipids, and diet is estimated as the mixture of prey signatures that most closely approximates a predator's signature. Diets are typically estimated using proportions from a subset of all fatty acids that are known to be solely or largely influenced by diet. Given the subset of fatty acids selected, the current practice is to scale their proportions to sum to 1.0. However, scaling signature proportions has the potential to distort the structural relationships within a prey library and between predators and prey. To investigate that possibility, we compared the practice of scaling proportions with two alternatives and found that the traditional scaling can meaningfully bias diet estimators under some conditions. Two aspects of the prey types that contributed to a predator's diet influenced the magnitude of the bias: the degree to which the sums of unscaled proportions differed among prey types and the identifiability of prey types within the prey library. We caution investigators against the routine scaling of signature proportions in QFASA. C1 [Bromaghin, Jeffrey F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Budge, Suzanne M.] Dalhousie Univ, Proc Engn & Appl Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Thiemann, Gregory W.] York Univ, Fac Environm Studies, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Bromaghin, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jbromaghin@usgs.gov RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009 OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 0912-3814 EI 1440-1703 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 31 IS 4 BP 597 EP 606 DI 10.1007/s11284-016-1357-8 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ2EJ UT WOS:000379014300013 ER PT J AU Tam, E Miike, R Labrenz, S Sutton, AJ Elias, T Davis, J Chen, YL Tantisira, K Dockery, D Avol, E AF Tam, Elizabeth Miike, Rei Labrenz, Susan Sutton, A. Jeff Elias, Tamar Davis, James Chen, Yi-Leng Tantisira, Kelan Dockery, Douglas Avol, Edward TI Volcanic air pollution over the Island of Hawai'i: Emissions, dispersal, and composition. Association with respiratory symptoms and lung function in Hawai'i Island school children SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Sulfur dioxide; Sulfate; Sulfuric acid; Particulate matter; Aerosol; Wind; Humidity; Asthma; Spirometry; FEV1; FVC ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COMMUNITIES; ACID AEROSOLS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CHRONIC EXPOSURE; DIFFERING LEVELS; KILAUEA VOLCANO; ESCAPE PROJECT; HEALTH; ASH AB Background: Kilauea Volcano on the Island of Hawaii has erupted continuously since 1983, releasing approximately 300-12000 metric tons per day of sulfur dioxide (SO2). SO2 interacts with water vapor to produce an acidic haze known locally as "vog". The combination of wind speed and direction, inversion layer height, and local terrain lead to heterogeneous and variable distribution of vog over the island, allowing study of respiratory effects associated with chronic vog exposure. Objectives: We characterized the distribution and composition of vog over the Island of Hawaii, and tested the hypotheses that chronic vog exposure (SO2 and acid) is associated with increased asthma prevalence, respiratory symptoms, and reduced pulmonary function in Hawai'i Island schoolchildren. Methods: We compiled data of volcanic emissions, wind speed, and wind direction over Hawai'i Island since 1992. Community-based researchers then measured 2- to 4-week integrated concentrations of SO2 and fine particulate mass and acidity in 4 exposure zones, from 2002 to 2005, when volcanic SO2 emissions averaged 1600 metric tons per day. Concurrently, community researchers recruited schoolchildren in the 4th and 5th grades of 25 schools in the 4 vog exposure zones, to assess determinants of lung health, respiratory symptoms, and asthma prevalence. Results: Environmental data suggested 4 different vog exposure zones with SO2, PM2.5, and particulate acid concentrations (mean +/- s.d.) as follows: 1) Low (0.3 +/- 0.2 ppb, 2.5 +/- 1.2 mu g/m(3), 0.6 +/- 1.1 nmol H+/m(3)), 2) Intermittent (1.6 +/- 1.8 ppb, 2.8 +/- 1.5 mu g/m(3), 4.0 +/- 6.6 nmol H + /m(3)), 3) Frequent (10.1 +/- 5.2 ppb, 4.8 +/- 1.9 mu g/m(3), 4.3 +/- 6.7 nmol H +/m(3)), and 4) Acid (1.2 +/- 0.4 ppb, 72 +/- 23 mu g/m(3), 253 +/- 17.9 nmol H +/m(3)). Participants (1957) in the 4 zones differed in race, prematurity, maternal smoking during pregnancy, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, presence of mold in the home, and physician-diagnosed asthma. Multivariable analysis showed an association between Acid vog exposure and cough and strongly suggested an association with FEV1/FVC <0.8, but not with diagnosis of asthma, or chronic persistent wheeze or bronchitis in the last 12 months. Conclusions: Hawai'i Island's volcanic air pollution can be very acidic, but contains few co-contaminants originating from anthropogenic sources of air pollution. Chronic exposure to acid vog is associated with increased cough and possibly with reduced FEV1/FVC, but not with asthma or bronchitis. Further study is needed to better understand how volcanic air pollution interacts with host and environmental factors to affect respiratory symptoms, lung function, and lung growth, and to determine acute effects of episodes of increased emissions. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Tam, Elizabeth; Miike, Rei; Labrenz, Susan] Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sutton, A. Jeff; Elias, Tamar] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI USA. [Davis, James] Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Off Biostat & Quantitat Hlth Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Chen, Yi-Leng] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Atmospher Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Tantisira, Kelan] Harvard Med Sch, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Div Network Med, Boston, MA USA. [Dockery, Douglas] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Avol, Edward] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Tam, E (reprint author), John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Med, 1356 Lusitana St 700, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM tameliza@hawaii.edu OI Tam, Elizabeth/0000-0002-8676-5631 FU NIH/NIEHS [R01-ES11346]; CDC [R01-EH000326]; American Lung Association of Hawai'i; Leahi Fund; NIH/NCRR [U54MD007584] FX This work was supported by NIH/NIEHS R01-ES11346, CDC R01-EH000326, the American Lung Association of Hawai'i, and Leahi Fund. J. Davis is funded in part by NIH/NCRR U54MD007584. The authors gratefully acknowledge the HICLASS Research Team (E. Fernandez, J. Kometani, A. Petersen, J. Sutherland, M. Thomason, E. Wong, J. Yoshioka); the Hawai'i Department of Education and families and staff of participating schools; the Ka'u Rural Health Community Association, Inc. and the Hawai'i Island Rural Health Association (J. Marques) for community advisory support; the Hawai'i Department of Health (J. Kunimoto), Clean Air Branch (L. Young) and Hazard Evaluation and Emergency Response Program (B. Brooks); M. Davey, M. Wolfson, and J.P. Michaud for technical and scientific support, and E. Wong, J. Shrader, Q. Le, P. Namnama, and R. Grattan for manuscript preparation. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2016 VL 92-93 BP 543 EP 552 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.025 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ1HI UT WOS:000378951700057 PM 27197039 ER PT J AU Esralew, RA Flint, L Thorne, JH Boynton, R Flint, A AF Esralew, Rachel A. Flint, Lorraine Thorne, James H. Boynton, Ryan Flint, Alan TI A Framework for Effective Use of Hydroclimate Models in Climate-Change Adaptation Planning for Managed Habitats with Limited Hydrologic Response Data SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Hydrologic model; Water supply; Managed wetland; Vulnerability assessment; Adaptation planning ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES AB Climate-change adaptation planning for managed wetlands is challenging under uncertain futures when the impact of historic climate variability on wetland response is unquantified. We assessed vulnerability of Modoc National Wildlife Refuge (MNWR) through use of the Basin Characterization Model (BCM) landscape hydrology model, and six global climate models, representing projected wetter and drier conditions. We further developed a conceptual model that provides greater value for water managers by incorporating the BCM outputs into a conceptual framework that links modeled parameters to refuge management outcomes. This framework was used to identify landscape hydrology parameters that reflect refuge sensitivity to changes in (1) climatic water deficit (CWD) and recharge, and (2) the magnitude, timing, and frequency of water inputs. BCM outputs were developed for 1981-2100 to assess changes and forecast the probability of experiencing wet and dry water year types that have historically resulted in challenging conditions for refuge habitat management. We used a Yule's Q skill score to estimate the probability of modeled discharge that best represents historic water year types. CWD increased in all models across 72.3-100 % of the water supply basin by 2100. Earlier timing in discharge, greater cool season discharge, and lesser irrigation season water supply were predicted by most models. Under the worst-case scenario, moderately dry years increased from 10-20 to 40-60 % by 2100. MNWR could adapt by storing additional water during the cool season for later use and prioritizing irrigation of habitats during dry years. C1 [Esralew, Rachel A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Southwest Reg Refuges Inventory & Monitor, 3020 State Univ Dr East Suite 2007, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Flint, Lorraine; Flint, Alan] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Thorne, James H.; Boynton, Ryan] Univ Calif Davis, Environm Informat Ctr, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Esralew, RA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Southwest Reg Refuges Inventory & Monitor, 3020 State Univ Dr East Suite 2007, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM Rachel_Esralew@fws.gov; lflint@usgs.gov; jhthorne@ucdavis.edu; rmboynton@ucdavis.edu; aflint@usgs.gov FU USFWS Pacific Southwest Region Refuges Inventory and Monitoring Program; California Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX We thank the USFWS Pacific Southwest Region Refuges Inventory and Monitoring Program for funding and support for this project. We thank the California Landscape Conservation Cooperative for supporting funding for BCM development and enhancement. We thank Meghan Hughes for assistance with development of calculations for landscape modeling. We thank Steve Clay, Greg Albertson, Dominic Bachman, Sean Cross, and others on staff at the Modoc National Wildlife Refuge, USFWS, for providing key background information on refuge management, identification of water year types for refuge management, and for providing feedback on the results and development of adaptation strategies. We thank Grant Graves at the U.S. Geological Survey for pre-submission review. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 58 IS 1 BP 60 EP 75 DI 10.1007/s00267-015-0569-y PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ4FO UT WOS:000379159600005 PM 26141222 ER PT J AU Grimsley, KJ Rathburn, SL Friedman, JM Mangano, JF AF Grimsley, K. J. Rathburn, S. L. Friedman, J. M. Mangano, J. F. TI Debris Flow Occurrence and Sediment Persistence, Upper Colorado River Valley, CO SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Debris flow; Sediment persistence; Dendrochronology; Valley confinement; Colorado River ID OREGON COAST RANGE; MOUNTAIN NATIONAL-PARK; TREE-RING ANALYSIS; SWISS ALPS; CASCADE RANGE; USA; WASHINGTON; LANDSLIDES; EROSION; STORAGE AB Debris flow magnitudes and frequencies are compared across the Upper Colorado River valley to assess influences on debris flow occurrence and to evaluate valley geometry effects on sediment persistence. Dendrochronology, field mapping, and aerial photographic analysis are used to evaluate whether a 19th century earthen, water-conveyance ditch has altered the regime of debris flow occurrence in the Colorado River headwaters. Identifying any shifts in disturbance processes or changes in magnitudes and frequencies of occurrence is fundamental to establishing the historical range of variability (HRV) at the site. We found no substantial difference in frequency of debris flows cataloged at eleven sites of deposition between the east (8) and west (11) sides of the Colorado River valley over the last century, but four of the five largest debris flows originated on the west side of the valley in association with the earthen ditch, while the fifth is on a steep hillslope of hydrothermally altered rock on the east side. These results suggest that the ditch has altered the regime of debris flow activity in the Colorado River headwaters as compared to HRV by increasing the frequency of debris flows large enough to reach the Colorado River valley. Valley confinement is a dominant control on response to debris flows, influencing volumes of aggradation and persistence of debris flow deposits. Large, frequent debris flows, exceeding HRV, create persistent effects due to valley geometry and geomorphic setting conducive to sediment storage that are easily delineated by valley confinement ratios which are useful to land managers. C1 [Grimsley, K. J.; Rathburn, S. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Friedman, J. M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Mangano, J. F.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Rathburn, SL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sara.rathburn@colostate.edu OI Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-1329-0663 FU Rocky Mountain National Park; National Park Service (Geologic Resources Division); National Park Service (Water Resources Division); Warner College of Natural Resources at CSU; Department of Geosciences at CSU FX The authors thank Ellen Wohl, Brian Bledsoe Greg Auble, Julian Scott, Peter Brown, David Cooper, Paul McLaughlin, Judy Visty, Harold Pranger, Gary Smillie, and Ben Bobowski for input, and logistical and financial support. Research funding to support KG was provided by Rocky Mountain National Park, the National Park Service (Geologic Resources and Water Resources Divisions), and the Warner College of Natural Resources and Department of Geosciences at CSU. Greg Grosicki, Benton Line, Ryan Burbey, Matt Grey, Jonathan Garber, Kevin Pilgrim, and Amanda Koons helped with field work, and Jim Finley provided a thorough review and improved figures. KG thanks everyone in the Rathburn and Wohl research group for their encouragement and friendship. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Two anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments that improved the manuscript. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 58 IS 1 BP 76 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s00267-016-0695-1 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ4FO UT WOS:000379159600006 PM 27059223 ER PT J AU Luizza, MW Evangelista, PH Jarnevich, CS West, A Stewart, H AF Luizza, Matthew W. Evangelista, Paul H. Jarnevich, Catherine S. West, Amanda Stewart, Heather TI Integrating subsistence practice and species distribution modeling: assessing invasive elodea's potential impact on Native Alaskan subsistence of Chinook salmon and whitefish SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Aquatic invasion; Elodea spp.; Ensemble modeling; SNAP climate data; Subsistence ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERIOR ALASKA; ECOLOGICAL-IMPACT; CHANGING CLIMATE; GLOBAL CLIMATE; RISK ANALYSIS; MANAGEMENT; LAKE; KNOWLEDGE; PLANTS AB Alaska has one of the most rapidly changing climates on earth and is experiencing an accelerated rate of human disturbance, including resource extraction and transportation infrastructure development. Combined, these factors increase the state's vulnerability to biological invasion, which can have acute negative impacts on ecological integrity and subsistence practices. Of growing concern is the spread of Alaska's first documented freshwater aquatic invasive plant Elodea spp. (elodea). In this study, we modeled the suitable habitat of elodea using global and state-specific species occurrence records and environmental variables, in concert with an ensemble of model algorithms. Furthermore, we sought to incorporate local subsistence concerns by using Native Alaskan knowledge and available statewide subsistence harvest data to assess the potential threat posed by elodea to Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and whitefish (Coregonus nelsonii) subsistence. State models were applied to future climate (2040-2059) using five general circulation models best suited for Alaska. Model evaluations indicated that our results had moderate to strong predictability, with area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve values above 0.80 and classification accuracies ranging from 66 to 89 %. State models provided a more robust assessment of elodea habitat suitability. These ensembles revealed different levels of management concern statewide, based on the interaction of fish subsistence patterns, known spawning and rearing sites, and elodea habitat suitability, thus highlighting regions with additional need for targeted monitoring. Our results suggest that this approach can hold great utility for invasion risk assessments and better facilitate the inclusion of local stakeholder concerns in conservation planning and management. C1 [Luizza, Matthew W.; Evangelista, Paul H.; West, Amanda] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jarnevich, Catherine S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Stewart, Heather] Alaska Dept Nat Resources, Div Agr, 1800 Glenn Hwy,Suite 12, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. RP Luizza, MW (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM mwluizza@rams.colostate.edu OI West, Amanda/0000-0002-9318-7139 FU National Needs Fellowship program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Colorado State University's Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Small Grants for Graduate Research Award FX We wish to acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center for use of their Resource for Advanced Modeling facilities. Special thanks to the Native Alaskan community members and Alaska land mangers whose insights, experiences, and stories helped shape the questions and goals of this research. Additional thanks to the Alaska Department of Natural Resources and Alaska Natural Heritage Program for providing critical elodea survey data and to the Yukon River Intertribal Watershed Council for facilitating part of this study at their 2013 biennial summit. We wish to also acknowledge Dr. Christina Kuroiwa for assisting with informal interview data collection at the summit. Additional thanks to the two anonymous reviewers, John Morton and Mark Bertram from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Helen Sofaer of the U.S. Geological Survey for providing important feedback, which has greatly improved this manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the National Needs Fellowship program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Colorado State University's Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Small Grants for Graduate Research Award. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government or Colorado State University. NR 134 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 58 IS 1 BP 144 EP 163 DI 10.1007/s00267-016-0692-4 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ4FO UT WOS:000379159600011 PM 27003689 ER PT J AU Yando, ES Osland, MJ Willis, JM Day, RH Krauss, KW Hester, MW AF Yando, Erik S. Osland, Michael J. Willis, Jonathan M. Day, Richard H. Krauss, Ken W. Hester, Mark W. TI Salt marsh-mangrove ecotones: using structural gradients to investigate the effects of woody plant encroachment on plant-soil interactions and ecosystem carbon pools SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon storage; climate change; ecotone; forest development; mangrove forest; plant-soil (below-ground) interactions; range expansion; salt marsh; soil development; woody plant encroachment ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AVICENNIA-GERMINANS; SHRUB ENCROACHMENT; COASTAL WETLANDS; SOUTH FLORIDA; UNITED-STATES; BLUE CARBON; SEA-LEVEL; EXPANSION AB Changing winter climate extremes are expected to result in the poleward migration of mangrove forests at the expense of salt marshes. Although mangroves and marshes are both highly valued ecosystems, the ecological implications of mangrove expansion have not been fully investigated. Here, we examined the effects of mangrove expansion on below-ground properties related to peat development and carbon storage. We investigated plant-soil interactions in marshes and across mangrove forest structural gradients in three locations in the northern Gulf of Mexico (USA). We compared our results to those from terrestrial grasslands where the effects of woody plant encroachment are often influenced by rainfall and plant traits. Abiotic conditions at our study locations differed, particularly in terms of physicochemical properties related to precipitation. Marsh species composition, marsh above-ground biomass, and mangrove forest structural complexity also varied across these locations. Marshes in the driest location (Central Texas) had higher salinities and were dominated by low biomass succulent plants and lower soil carbon pools. Marshes in the wetter, less saline locations (Louisiana and North Florida) contained high biomass grasses and higher soil carbon pools. At all locations, above-ground biomass and above-ground carbon pools were higher in mangroves than marshes; however, below-ground soil carbon pools were only higher in mangroves than marshes in the driest location. In the wetter locations, the linkages between mangrove forest structure and soil properties were minimal or not significant. However, in the driest location, there was a significant increase in soil properties related to peat development and carbon storage with increased mangrove forest structural development.Synthesis: Our results indicate that the ecological implications of woody plant encroachment in tidal saline wetlands are dependent upon precipitation controls of plant-soil interactions. Although the above-ground effects of mangrove expansion are consistently large, below-ground influences of mangrove expansion appear to be greatest along low-rainfall coasts where salinities are high and marshes being replaced are carbon poor and dominated by succulent plants. Collectively, these findings complement those from terrestrial ecosystems and reinforce the importance of considering rainfall and plant-soil interactions within predictions of the ecological effects of woody plant encroachment. C1 [Yando, Erik S.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Coastal Plant Ecol Lab, 410 East St Mary Blvd,Room 108, Lafayette, LA 70503 USA. [Osland, Michael J.; Day, Richard H.; Krauss, Ken W.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Willis, Jonathan M.; Hester, Mark W.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Inst Coastal & Water Res, Dept Biol, 410 East St Mary Blvd,Room 108, Lafayette, LA 70503 USA. RP Yando, ES (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Coastal Plant Ecol Lab, 410 East St Mary Blvd,Room 108, Lafayette, LA 70503 USA. EM yando@louisiana.edu OI Yando, Erik/0000-0002-8786-6178; Osland, Michael/0000-0001-9902-8692 FU Department of Interior Southeast Climate Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area; U.S. Geological Survey's Wetland and Aquatic Research Center; University of Louisiana at Lafayette FX We thank A. From, J. Larrivierre, N. Cormier, R. Moss, K. Madden, T. Sloey, L. Hundy, M. Dupuis, S. Jones and Z. Gravette for their help with data collection and sample analyses in the field and laboratory. We appreciate the comments provided by P. Leberg, S. France, C. Stagg and two anonymous reviewers on an earlier draft of this manuscript. We are grateful to the Wisner Family Foundation, ConocoPhillips Company/Louisiana Land and Exploration Company LLC, the Cedar Key National Wildlife Refuge, and the Mission-Aransas National Estuarine Research Reserve for permission to work on their properties. This work was funded by the Department of Interior Southeast Climate Science Center with additional funding and support from the U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area, the U.S. Geological Survey's Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, and the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This manuscript is submitted for publication with the understanding that the U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes. NR 74 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 27 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1020 EP 1031 DI 10.1111/1365-2745.12571 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ2ES UT WOS:000379015400014 ER PT J AU Rattner, BA Wiemeyer, SN Blus, LJ AF Rattner, Barnett A. Wiemeyer, Stanley N. Blus, Lawrence J. TI Retrospective: Adjusting Contaminant Concentrations in Bird Eggs to Account for Moisture and Lipid Loss During Their Incubation SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID WEIGHT; HYDROCARBONS; RESIDUES C1 [Rattner, Barnett A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East, Buildling 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East, Buildling 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM brattner@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 EI 1432-0800 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 97 IS 1 BP 2 EP 3 DI 10.1007/s00128-016-1797-4 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DP8WT UT WOS:000378779300002 PM 27091325 ER PT J AU Parker, AD Glover, DC Finney, ST Rogers, PB Stewart, JG Simmonds, RL AF Parker, Aaron D. Glover, David C. Finney, Samuel T. Rogers, P. Bradley Stewart, Jeffrey G. Simmonds, Robert L., Jr. TI Fish distribution, abundance, and behavioral interactions within a large electric dispersal barrier designed to prevent Asian carp movement SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION SONAR DIDSON; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ACOUSTIC CAMERA; ILLINOIS RIVER; BIGHEAD CARP; ROUND GOBY; SUITABILITY; SYSTEMS; SIZE; ERIE AB We evaluated the abundance and behavior of wild fish within the electric barrier system in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. This electric barrier system serves to prevent the upstream migration of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) to Lake Michigan from the Illinois River. We found that fish were most abundant below the electric barrier during the summer and fall, were observed near areas of peak voltage, and sometimes persistently challenged the barrier. Fish were relatively scarce within the barrier system during the winter and spring. Fish that were able to penetrate the farthest into the barrier system were smaller and tended to aggregate at the water surface, near the canal walls. The accumulation of fish that we observed below the barrier, and the persistent challenging behavior, raises concerns about breaches any time the barrier is de-energized for maintenance or during intermittent power outages. Entrainment and breach caused by barges traversing the barrier are concerns as well because of the water movements they create and how they alter the electrical field. C1 [Parker, Aaron D.; Finney, Samuel T.; Rogers, P. Bradley; Stewart, Jeffrey G.; Simmonds, Robert L., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carterville Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 9053 Route 148, Marion, IL 62959 USA. [Parker, Aaron D.] Michigan Dept Environm Qual, Surface Water Assessment Sect, 525 W Allegan St, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. [Glover, David C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, 1314 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Parker, AD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carterville Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 9053 Route 148, Marion, IL 62959 USA.; Parker, AD (reprint author), Michigan Dept Environm Qual, Surface Water Assessment Sect, 525 W Allegan St, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. EM parkera7@michigan.gov RI Glover, David/M-5804-2014 OI Glover, David/0000-0001-6532-1815 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative [DW-14-92392501] FX This work was funded by Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Interagency Agreement No. DW-14-92392501. We thank USACE - Chicago and Rock Island Districts, the US Coast Guard - Lake Michigan Sector, and the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago for support. Numerous members of the Columbia and LaCrosse Fish and Wildlife Service Fish and Wildlife Conservation Offices assisted in the field. Brittany Ackerland, Nick Barkowski, Teresa Campbell, Jennifer Johnson, Kenson Kanczuzewski, Jose Rivera, Matthew Shanks, Eric Stadig, and John West provided field support and reviewed DIDSON footage. Seth Wright produced Fig. 1. Rikki Rogers produced the schematics for Figs. 2 and 3. Jarrell Smith calculated the vertical slice loss of the DIDSON cone for subsites A and J of our DIDSON sampling sites. The mention of trade names or commercial products in this manuscript does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the US federal government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Matthew Cooper and three anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved the manuscript. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 36 U2 52 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 73 IS 7 BP 1060 EP 1071 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0309 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DP7OW UT WOS:000378689700004 ER PT J AU He, JX Bence, JR Roseman, EF Fielder, DG Ebener, MP AF He, Ji X. Bence, James R. Roseman, Edward F. Fielder, David G. Ebener, Mark P. TI Using time-varying asymptotic length and body condition of top piscivores to indicate ecosystem regime shift in the main basin of Lake Huron: a Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; BERTALANFFY GROWTH-FUNCTION; FISH COMMUNITY; COVARIANCE MATRICES; CHINOOK SALMON; FOOD-WEB; STOCK ASSESSMENT; PACIFIC SALMON; TROPHIC SHIFT; SAGINAW BAY AB We evaluated the ecosystem regime shift in the main basin of Lake Huron that was indicated by the 2003 collapse of alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) and dramatic declines in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) abundance thereafter. We found that the period of 1995-2002 should be considered as the early phase of the final regime shift. We developed two Bayesian hierarchical models to describe time-varying growth based on the von Bertalanffy growth function and the length-mass relationship. We used asymptotic length as an index of growth potential and predicted body mass at a given length as an index of body condition. Modeling fits to length and body mass at age of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), Chinook salmon, and walleye (Sander vitreus) were excellent. Based on posterior distributions, we evaluated the shifts in among-year geometric means of the growth potential and body condition. For a given top piscivore, one of the two indices responded to the regime shift much earlier than the 2003 collapse of alewives, the other corresponded to the 2003 changes, and which index provided the early signal differed among the three top piscivores. C1 [He, Ji X.; Fielder, David G.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lake Huron Res Stn, 160 East Fletcher St, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [Bence, James R.] Michigan State Univ, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Roseman, Edward F.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Ebener, Mark P.] Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, 179 West Three Mile Rd, Marie, MI 49783 USA. RP He, JX (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lake Huron Res Stn, 160 East Fletcher St, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. EM hej@michigan.gov RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017; OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X; Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration program [F-81-R, 230522]; Michigan Department of Natural Resources FX This article is a result of the project entitled "Quantifying new top-down influences on the rapidly changing food web in the main basin of Lake Huron", funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. Funding was also provided through a grant from the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration program to Michigan Department of Natural Resources (F-81-R, Study 230522) and by Michigan Department of Natural Resources to JRB. This article is Publication 2016-11 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center at Michigan State University and Contribution 1972 of USGS Great Lakes Science Center. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 73 IS 7 BP 1092 EP 1103 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0235 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DP7OW UT WOS:000378689700007 ER PT J AU Prouty, NG Fisher, CR Demopoulos, AWJ Druffel, ERM AF Prouty, Nancy G. Fisher, Charles R. Demopoulos, Amanda W. J. Druffel, Ellen R. M. TI Growth rates and ages of deep-sea corals impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Coral; Deep-sea; Radiocarbon dating; Growth rate ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; GORGONIAN PARAMURICEA-CLAVATA; CAL KYR BP; UNITED-STATES; VIOSCA KNOLL; WELL BLOWOUT; LIFE-HISTORY; C-14 DATA; RADIOCARBON; CALIBRATION AB The impact of the April 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill on deep-sea coral communities in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is still under investigation, as is the potential for these communities to recover. Impacts from the spill include observation of corals covered with flocculent material, with bare skeleton, excessive mucous production, sloughing tissue, and subsequent colonization of damaged areas by hydrozoans. Information on growth rates and life spans of deep-sea corals is important for understanding the vulnerability of these ecosystems to both natural and anthropogenic perturbations, as well as the likely duration of any observed adverse impacts. We report radiocarbon ages and radial and linear growth rates based on octocorals (Paramuricea spp. and Chrysogorgia sp.) collected in 2010 and 2011 from areas of the DWH impact. The oldest coral radiocarbon ages were measured on specimens collected 11 km to the SW of the oil spill from the Mississippi Canyon (MC) 344 site: 599 and 55 cal yr BP, suggesting continuous life spans of over 600 years for Paramuricea biscaya, the dominant coral species in the region. Calculated radial growth rates, between 0.34 mu m yr(-1) and 14.20 mu m yr(-1), are consistent with previously reported proteinaceous corals from the GoM. Anomalously low radiocarbon (Delta C-14) values for soft tissue from some corals indicate that these corals were feeding on particulate organic carbon derived from an admixture of modern surface carbon and a low C-14 carbon source. Results from this work indicate fossil carbon could contribute 5-10% to the coral soft tissue Delta C-14 signal within the area of the spill impact. The influence of a low C-14 carbon source (e.g., petro-carbon) on the particulate organic carbon pool was observed at all sites within 30 km of the spill site, with the exception of MC118, which may have been outside of the dominant northeast-southwest zone of impact. The quantitatively assessed extreme longevity and slow growth rates documented here highlight the vulnerability of these long-lived deep sea coral species to disturbance. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Prouty, Nancy G.] US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Fisher, Charles R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.] US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Druffel, Ellen R. M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. RP Prouty, NG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM nprouty@usgs.gov; cfisher@psu.edu; ademopoulos@usgs.gov; edruffel@uci.edu FU NOAA; BP as part of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA); BOEM [M08PC20038]; NOAA OER; NSF RAPID [OCE-1045083, OCE-1064041]; USGS Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Environments Program through the Outer Continental shelf study Lophelia II: Rigs, Reefs, and Wrecks FX We thank J. Chanton for providing input and supplementary radiocarbon data from the Gulf of Mexico, E. Cordes, H. White, C. Doughty, and A. Quattrini for helpful discussions and coral samples images, S. Griffin for radiocarbon analyses and M. Schulz for assistance with digital microscopy. We thank the crews of the R/V Atlantis, R/V Ron Brown and Holiday Chouest. The research cruises and geochemical analyses were funded by and NOAA and BP as part of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA). Funding for C.R.F. was provided by BOEM (BOEM contract #M08PC20038) awarded to TDI-Brooks International, with ship and ROV support from NOAA OER. Additional research and ship support was provided by NSF RAPID Grant OCE-1045083 and OCE-1064041 to C.R.F. Funding was provided to A. Demopoulos from the USGS Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Environments Program through the Outer Continental shelf study Lophelia II: Rigs, Reefs, and Wrecks. Comments from M. McGann and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 129 BP 196 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.10.021 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DP7HW UT WOS:000378670800021 ER PT J AU Snook, EL Letcher, BH Dubreuil, TL Zydlewski, J O'Donnell, MJ Whiteley, AR Hurley, ST Danylchuk, AJ AF Snook, Erin L. Letcher, Benjamin H. Dubreuil, Todd L. Zydlewski, Joseph O'Donnell, Matthew J. Whiteley, Andrew R. Hurley, Stephen T. Danylchuk, Andy J. TI Movement patterns of Brook Trout in a restored coastal stream system in southern Massachusetts SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE Brook Trout; salvelinus; anadromy; migration; acoustic telemetry ID CHARR SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; POPULATION DIVERSITY; LIFE-HISTORY; DAM REMOVAL; HABITAT USE; EGG SIZE; RIVER; MIGRATION; BAY AB Coastal Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations are found from northern Canada to New England. The extent of anadromy generally decreases with latitude, but the ecology and movements of more southern populations are poorly understood. We conducted a 33-month acoustic telemetry study of Brook Trout in Red Brook, MA, and adjacent Buttermilk Bay (marine system) using 16 fixed acoustic receivers and surgically implanting acoustic transmitters in 84 individuals. Tagged Brook Trout used the stream, estuary (50% of individuals) and bay (10% of individuals). Movements into full sea water were brief when occurring. GAMM models revealed that transitions between habitat areas occurred most often in spring and fall. Environmental data suggest that use of the saline environment is limited by summer temperatures in the bay. Movements may also be related to moon phase. Compared to more northern coastal populations of Brook Trout, the Red Brook population appears to be less anadromous overall, yet the estuarine segment of the system may have considerable ecological importance as a food resource. C1 [Snook, Erin L.; Whiteley, Andrew R.; Danylchuk, Andy J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.; Dubreuil, Todd L.; O'Donnell, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Silvio Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME USA. [Hurley, Stephen T.] Massachusetts Div Fisheries & Wildlife, Buzzards Bay, MA USA. RP Snook, EL (reprint author), USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM esnook@usgs.gov FU MA Division of Ecological Restoration; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey Conte Anadromous Fish Lab; U.S. Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Coalition for Buzzards Bay; UMass Intercampus Marine Science Program FX We thank the crew at the S. E. District Mass Fisheries and Wildlife office that assisted our project with countless hours of skilled hard work during sampling and downloading. We thank M. Hopper, W. Winders, and Geof Day and the Sea Run Brook Trout Coalition for funding and support. Thanks to the volunteers from Trout Unlimited and The Trustees of Reservations who helped with Red Brook restoration and the PIT tagging and acoustic telemetry field work. Thanks to J. Snook, for two long days of range testing in Buttermilk Bay. Thanks to J. Finn and B. Timm for their help with data analysis. In addition, we thank the following partners for their support: MA Division of Ecological Restoration, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, U.S. Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Coalition for Buzzards Bay and the UMass Intercampus Marine Science Program. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JUL PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 360 EP 375 DI 10.1111/eff.12216 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DP6RD UT WOS:000378625100003 ER PT J AU Penaluna, BE Dunham, JB Noakes, DLG AF Penaluna, Brooke E. Dunham, Jason B. Noakes, David L. G. TI Instream cover and shade mediate avian predation on trout in semi-natural streams SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE trout survival; refuge; piscivory; body size; low flow; experiment ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; AGE-0 RAINBOW-TROUT; PRACTICAL GUIDE; DEPTH; RISK; HABITAT; GROWTH; BIRDS; SIZE; SURVIVAL AB Piscivory by birds can be significant, particularly on fish in small streams and during seasonal low flow when available cover from predators can be limited. Yet, how varying amounts of cover may change the extent of predation mortality from avian predators on fish is not clear. We evaluated size-selective survival of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) in replicated semi-natural stream sections. These sections provided high (0.01m(2) of cover per m(2) of stream) or low (0.002m(2) of cover per m(2) of stream) levels of instream cover available to trout and were closed to emigration. Each fish was individually tagged, allowing us to track retention of individuals during the course of the 36-day experiment, which we attributed to survival from predators, because fish had no other way to leave the streams. Although other avian predators may have been active in our system and not detected, the only predator observed was the belted kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon, which is known to prey heavily on fish. In both treatments, trout >20.4cm were not preyed upon indicating an increased ability to prey upon on smaller individuals. Increased availability of cover improved survival of trout by 12% in high relative to low cover stream sections. Trout also survived better in stream sections with greater shade, a factor we could not control in our system. Collectively, these findings indicate that instream cover and shade from avian predators can play an important role in driving survival of fish in small streams or during periods of low flow. C1 [Penaluna, Brooke E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Penaluna, Brooke E.; Noakes, David L. G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, Corvallis, OR USA. [Noakes, David L. G.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Hatchery Res Ctr, Alsea, OR USA. RP Penaluna, BE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM brooke.penaluna@oregonstate.edu FU Environmental Protection Agency STAR grant; J Frances Allen scholarship from American Fisheries Society; U.S. Geological Survey; Watersheds Research Cooperative; Graduate School at Oregon State University; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Oregon State University FX BEP was funded by an Environmental Protection Agency STAR grant, a J Frances Allen scholarship from American Fisheries Society, a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey to Oregon State University, the Watersheds Research Cooperative and various scholarships through the Graduate School and the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Oregon State University. We thank Ryan Couture, Joseph O'Neil and Joyce Mahr at the Oregon Hatchery Research Centre. Dave Leer, Doug Bateman, Steve Clark, Ivan Arismendi and others helped during the experiment. Michael Young, Aaron Berger, Dave Wiens, Andrew Hafs and the Editor, Javier Lobon-Cervia, improved this manuscript. Pat Cunningham provided statistical advice. Kathryn Ronnenberg helped with graphical illustrations. Fish collections were authorised by Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife scientific taking permit #13881 and by Oregon State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee proposal #3910. The use of trade or firm names here is for reader information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the US Government. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JUL PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 405 EP 411 DI 10.1111/eff.12221 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DP6RD UT WOS:000378625100006 ER PT J AU Breeggemann, JJ Kaemingk, MA DeBates, TJ Paukert, CP Krause, JR Letvin, AP Stevens, TM Willis, DW Chipps, SR AF Breeggemann, Jason J. Kaemingk, Mark A. DeBates, Timothy J. Paukert, Craig P. Krause, Jacob R. Letvin, Alexander P. Stevens, Tanner M. Willis, David W. Chipps, Steven R. TI Potential direct and indirect effects of climate change on a shallow natural lake fish assemblage SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE shallow lakes; temperature; climate change; predation; growth; predator-prey dynamics; bioenergetics; consumption ID SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; PIKE ESOX-LUCIUS; NORTHERN PIKE; LARGEMOUTH BASS; THERMAL HABITAT; YELLOW PERCH; GREAT-LAKES; PREY CONSUMPTION; SMALLMOUTH BASS; GROWTH AB Much uncertainty exists around how fish communities in shallow lakes will respond to climate change. In this study, we modelled the effects of increased water temperatures on consumption and growth rates of two piscivores (northern pike [Esox lucius] and largemouth bass [Micropterus salmoides]) and examined relative effects of consumption by these predators on two prey species (bluegill [Lepomis macrochirus] and yellow perch [Perca flavescens]). Bioenergetics models were used to simulate the effects of climate change on growth and food consumption using predicted 2040 and 2060 temperatures in a shallow Nebraska Sandhill lake, USA. The patterns and magnitude of daily and cumulative consumption during the growing season (April-October) were generally similar between the two predators. However, growth of northern pike was always reduced (-3 to -45% change) compared to largemouth bass that experienced subtle changes (4 to -6% change) in weight by the end of the growing season. Assuming similar population size structure and numbers of predators in 2040-2060, futureconsumption of bluegill and yellow perch by northern pike and largemouth bass will likely increase (range: 3-24%), necessitating greater prey biomass to meet future energy demands. The timing of increased predator consumption will likely shift towards spring and fall (compared to summer), when prey species may not be available in the quantities required. Our findings suggest that increased water temperatures may affect species at the edge of their native range (i.e. northern pike) and a potential mismatch between predator and prey could exist. C1 [Breeggemann, Jason J.; Kaemingk, Mark A.; Krause, Jacob R.; Letvin, Alexander P.; Stevens, Tanner M.; Willis, David W.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [DeBates, Timothy J.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, East Metro Fisheries, St Paul, MN USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Breeggemann, JJ (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM jason.breeggemann@sdstate.edu FU Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; Sport Fish Restoration Project [F-118-R]; Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; South Dakota State University; South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks FX We thank Darrell Hartman and Doug Graham for logistical support, Greg Hesse, Mark Staab, Jerry Ryschong, Joel Klammer, and Andrew Glidden for helping to conduct the 2001 and 2002 population estimates. We also thank K. Pope for providing valuable comments and criticisms on earlier versions of this manuscript. Valentine National Wildlife Refuge (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) allowed access to West Long Lake. Phil Chvala, Howard Fullhart and Josh Smith provided assistance with field work. We also thank Dan Isermann for providing laboratory assistance. K. J. Stahr provided the map of West Long Lake. Funding for this project was provided by Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Sport Fish Restoration Project Number F-118-R administered through South Dakota State University. The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, the University of Missouri, the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. The South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota State University, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JUL PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 487 EP 499 DI 10.1111/eff.12248 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DP6RD UT WOS:000378625100014 ER PT J AU Jennelle, CS Carstensen, M Hildebrand, EC Cornicelli, L Wolf, P Grear, DA Ip, HS Vandalen, KK Minicucci, LA AF Jennelle, Christopher S. Carstensen, Michelle Hildebrand, Erik C. Cornicelli, Louis Wolf, Paul Grear, Daniel A. Ip, Hon S. Vandalen, Kaci K. Minicucci, Larissa A. TI Surveillance for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Birds during Outbreaks in Domestic Poultry, Minnesota, USA, 2015 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DUCKS AB In 2015, a major outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infection devastated poultry facilities in Minnesota, USA. To understand the potential role of wild birds, we tested 3,139 waterfowl fecal samples and 104 sick and dead birds during March 9 June 4, 2015. HPAIV was isolated from a Cooper's hawk but not from waterfowl fecal samples. C1 [Jennelle, Christopher S.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Hlth Program, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA. [Carstensen, Michelle; Hildebrand, Erik C.; Cornicelli, Louis] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 5463-C W Broadway Ave, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA. [Wolf, Paul] Wildlife Serv, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. [Grear, Daniel A.; Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Vandalen, Kaci K.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Minicucci, Larissa A.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jennelle, CS (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 5463-C W Broadway Ave, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA. EM christopher.jennelle@state.mn.us NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2016 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1278 EP 1282 DI 10.3201/eid2207.152032 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA DP5UR UT WOS:000378563900025 PM 27064759 ER PT J AU Lee, DH Bahl, J Torchetti, MK Killian, ML Ip, HS DeLiberto, TJ Swayne, DE AF Lee, Dong-Hun Bahl, Justin Torchetti, Mia Kim Killian, Mary Lea Ip, Hon S. DeLiberto, Thomas J. Swayne, David E. TI Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses and Generation of Novel Reassortants, United States, 2014-2015 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MIGRATORY BIRDS; DUCKS; H5N8 AB Asian highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) viruses spread into North America in 2014 during autumn bird migration. Complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 32 H5 viruses identified novel H5N1, H5N2, and H5N8 viruses that emerged in late 2014 through reassortment with North American low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. C1 [Lee, Dong-Hun; Swayne, David E.] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Bahl, Justin] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. [Torchetti, Mia Kim; Killian, Mary Lea] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Madison, WI USA. [DeLiberto, Thomas J.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM david.swayne@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 10 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2016 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1283 EP 1285 DI 10.3201/eid2207.160048 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA DP5UR UT WOS:000378563900026 PM 27314845 ER PT J AU Reynolds, JH Knutson, MG Newman, KB Silverman, ED Thompson, WL AF Reynolds, Joel H. Knutson, Melinda G. Newman, Ken B. Silverman, Emily D. Thompson, William L. TI A road map for designing and implementing a biological monitoring program SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Monitoring design; Effectiveness monitoring; Status and trends monitoring; Adaptive management; Inventory; Structured decision making ID STRUCTURED DECISION-MAKING; NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; NATIONAL-PARKS; CONSERVATION; FOREST; THRESHOLDS; UNCERTAINTY; INDICATORS AB Designing and implementing natural resource monitoring is a challenging endeavor undertaken by many agencies, NGOs, and citizen groups worldwide. Yet many monitoring programs fail to deliver useful information for a variety of administrative (staffing, documentation, and funding) or technical (sampling design and data analysis) reasons. Programs risk failure if they lack a clear motivating problem or question, explicit objectives linked to this problem or question, and a comprehensive conceptual model of the system under study. Designers must consider what "success" looks like from a resource management perspective, how desired outcomes translate to appropriate attributes to monitor, and how they will be measured. All such efforts should be filtered through the question "Why is this important?" Failing to address these considerations will produce a program that fails to deliver the desired information. We addressed these issues through creation of a "road map" for designing and implementing a monitoring program, synthesizing multiple aspects of a monitoring program into a single, overarching framework. The road map emphasizes linkages among core decisions to ensure alignment of all components, from problem framing through technical details of data collection and analysis, to program administration. Following this framework will help avoid common pitfalls, keep projects on track and budgets realistic, and aid in program evaluations. The road map has proved useful for monitoring by individuals and teams, those planning new monitoring, and those reviewing existing monitoring and for staff with a wide range of technical and scientific skills. C1 [Reynolds, Joel H.] Western Alaska Landscape Conservat Cooperat, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Knutson, Melinda G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Newman, Ken B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lodi Fish & Wildlife Off, Lodi, CA 95240 USA. [Silverman, Emily D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Thompson, William L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. RP Reynolds, JH (reprint author), Western Alaska Landscape Conservat Cooperat, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM joel_reynolds@fws.gov NR 99 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 188 IS 7 AR 399 DI 10.1007/s10661-016-5397-x PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP9TM UT WOS:000378840300016 PM 27277094 ER PT J AU Clark, JS Iverson, L Woodall, CW Allen, CD Bell, DM Bragg, DC D'Amato, AW Davis, FW Hersh, MH Ibanez, I Jackson, ST Matthews, S Pederson, N Peters, M Schwartz, MW Waring, KM Zimmermann, NE AF Clark, James S. Iverson, Louis Woodall, Christopher W. Allen, Craig D. Bell, David M. Bragg, Don C. D'Amato, Anthony W. Davis, Frank W. Hersh, Michelle H. Ibanez, Ines Jackson, Stephen T. Matthews, Stephen Pederson, Neil Peters, Matthew Schwartz, Mark W. Waring, Kristen M. Zimmermann, Niklaus E. TI The impacts of increasing drought on forest dynamics, structure, and biodiversity in the United States SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE climate change; drought; forest dieback; forest management ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; INTERANNUAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST; GREAT-LAKES REGION; HIGH-SEVERITY FIRE; NEW-YORK-STATE AB We synthesize insights from current understanding of drought impacts at stand-to-biogeographic scales, including management options, and we identify challenges to be addressed with new research. Large stand-level shifts underway in western forests already are showing the importance of interactions involving drought, insects, and fire. Diebacks, changes in composition and structure, and shifting range limits are widely observed. In the eastern US, the effects of increasing drought are becoming better understood at the level of individual trees, but this knowledge cannot yet be confidently translated to predictions of changing structure and diversity of forest stands. While eastern forests have not experienced the types of changes seen in western forests in recent decades, they too are vulnerable to drought and could experience significant changes with increased severity, frequency, or duration in drought. Throughout the continental United States, the combination of projected large climate-induced shifts in suitable habitat from modeling studies and limited potential for the rapid migration of tree populations suggests that changing tree and forest biogeography could substantially lag habitat shifts already underway. Forest management practices can partially ameliorate drought impacts through reductions in stand density, selection of drought-tolerant species and genotypes, artificial regeneration, and the development of multistructured stands. However, silvicultural treatments also could exacerbate drought impacts unless implemented with careful attention to site and stand characteristics. Gaps in our understanding should motivate new research on the effects of interactions involving climate and other species at the stand scale and how interactions and multiple responses are represented in models. This assessment indicates that, without a stronger empirical basis for drought impacts at the stand scale, more complex models may provide limited guidance. C1 [Clark, James S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Iverson, Louis] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Woodall, Christopher W.] US Forest Serv, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Bell, David M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bragg, Don C.] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. [D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 04E Aiken Ctr,81 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Davis, Frank W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hersh, Michelle H.] Sarah Lawrence Coll, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10708 USA. [Ibanez, Ines] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 2546 Dana Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, 1064 E Lowell St,POB 210137, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, 1064 E Lowell St,POB 210137, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Matthews, Stephen] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pederson, Neil] Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Peters, Matthew] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Schwartz, Mark W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 93106 USA. [Waring, Kristen M.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Zimmermann, Niklaus E.] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. RP Clark, JS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM jimclark@duke.edu RI Zimmermann, Niklaus/A-4276-2008; Schwartz, Mark/G-1066-2011; Davis, Frank/B-7010-2009; Matthews, Stephen/D-1050-2012 OI Zimmermann, Niklaus/0000-0003-3099-9604; Schwartz, Mark/0000-0002-3739-6542; Davis, Frank/0000-0002-4643-5718; FU Department of Interior Northeast Climate Science Center; [NSF-EF-1550911] FX For helpful comments, we thank David Ackerly and three anonymous reviewers. Support is acknowledged from NSF-EF-1550911 (to JSC) and the Department of Interior Northeast Climate Science Center (to AWD). NR 302 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 62 U2 115 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 22 IS 7 BP 2329 EP 2352 DI 10.1111/gcb.13160 PG 24 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP8BD UT WOS:000378722000005 PM 26898361 ER PT J AU Larsen, S Muehlbauer, JD Marti, E AF Larsen, Stefano Muehlbauer, Jeffrey D. Marti, Eugenia TI Resource subsidies between stream and terrestrial ecosystems under global change SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE allochthonous detritus; ecosystem boundaries; riparian zone; temperature and hydrological regimes; trophic mismatches ID INSECTIVOROUS BIRD ABUNDANCE; SEASONAL TIME CONSTRAINTS; EMERGING AQUATIC INSECTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOOD WEBS; FRESH-WATER; RIPARIAN PREDATORS; HEADWATER STREAM; ORGANIC-MATTER; LIFE-HISTORY AB Streams and adjacent terrestrial ecosystems are characterized by permeable boundaries that are crossed by resource subsidies. Although the importance of these subsidies for riverine ecosystems is increasingly recognized, little is known about how they may be influenced by global environmental change. Drawing from available evidence, in this review we propose a conceptual framework to evaluate the effects of global change on the quality and spatiotemporal dynamics of stream-terrestrial subsidies. We illustrate how changes to hydrological and temperature regimes, atmospheric CO2 concentration, land use and the distribution of nonindigenous species can influence subsidy fluxes by affecting the biology and ecology of donor and recipient systems and the physical characteristics of stream-riparian boundaries. Climate-driven changes in the physiology and phenology of organisms with complex life cycles will influence their development time, body size and emergence patterns, with consequences for adjacent terrestrial consumers. Also, novel species interactions can modify subsidy dynamics via complex bottom-up and top-down effects. Given the seasonality and pulsed nature of subsidies, alterations of the temporal and spatial synchrony of resource availability to consumers across ecosystems are likely to result in ecological mismatches that can scale up from individual responses, to communities, to ecosystems. Similarly, altered hydrology, temperature, CO2 concentration and land use will modify the recruitment and quality of riparian vegetation, the timing of leaf abscission and the establishment of invasive riparian species. Along with morphological changes to stream-terrestrial boundaries, these will alter the use and fluxes of allochthonous subsidies associated with stream ecosystems. Future research should aim to understand how subsidy dynamics will be affected by key drivers of global change, including agricultural intensification, increasing water use and biotic homogenization. Our conceptual framework based on the match-mismatch between donor and recipient organisms may facilitate understanding of the multiple effects of global change and aid in the development of future research questions. C1 [Larsen, Stefano] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Synth Ctr sDiv, Deutsch Pl 5e, Leipzig, Germany. [Larsen, Stefano] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries I, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Muehlbauer, Jeffrey D.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Marti, Eugenia] Ctr Adv Studies Blanes CEAB CSIC, Biogeodynam & Biodivers Grp, Carrer Acces Cala St Francesc 14, Blanes 17300, Girona, Spain. RP Larsen, S (reprint author), German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Synth Ctr sDiv, Deutsch Pl 5e, Leipzig, Germany.; Larsen, S (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries I, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. EM stefano.larsen@idiv.de RI Marti, Eugenia/J-9146-2012; Muehlbauer, Jeffrey/G-3607-2011 OI Marti, Eugenia/0000-0002-6910-4874; Muehlbauer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1808-580X FU European Union; Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity research (iDiv) FX This work was supported by the European Union under the Seventh framework Programme through the REFRESH and BioFresh projects. S. Larsen was also supported by a fellowship from the Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity research (iDiv). We thank Klement Tockner for initiating the discussions that led to the present review and John Richardson for his valuable comments. Comments from three anonymous reviewers and Amy Marcarelli greatly improved the manuscript. NR 166 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 54 U2 86 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 22 IS 7 BP 2489 EP 2504 DI 10.1111/gcb.13182 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP8BD UT WOS:000378722000017 PM 26649817 ER PT J AU Fisher, JB Sweeney, S Brzostek, ER Evans, TP Johnson, DJ Myers, JA Bourg, NA Wolf, AT Howe, RW Phillips, RP AF Fisher, Joshua B. Sweeney, Sean Brzostek, Edward R. Evans, Tom P. Johnson, Daniel J. Myers, Jonathan A. Bourg, Norman A. Wolf, Amy T. Howe, Robert W. Phillips, Richard P. TI Tree-mycorrhizal associations detected remotely from canopy spectral properties SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE canopy; landscape; mycorrhizae; nutrients; remote sensing; species; spectral ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; FOREST PRODUCTIVITY; SPECIES COMPOSITION; TEMPERATE FORESTS; INDIVIDUAL TREES; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CARBON STORAGE; NORTH-AMERICA; LAND MODEL; NITROGEN AB A central challenge in global ecology is the identification of key functional processes in ecosystems that scale, but donot require, data for individual species across landscapes. Given that nearly all tree species form symbiotic relationships with one of two types of mycorrhizal fungi - arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi - and that AM- and ECM-dominated forests often have distinct nutrient economies, the detection and mapping of mycorrhizae over large areas could provide valuable insights about fundamental ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling, species interactions, and overall forest productivity. We explored remotely sensed tree canopy spectral properties to detect underlying mycorrhizal association across a gradient of AM- and ECM-dominated forest plots. Statistical mining of reflectance and reflectance derivatives across moderate/high-resolution Landsat data revealed distinctly unique phenological signals that differentiated AM and ECM associations. This approach was trained and validated against measurements of tree species and mycorrhizal association across similar to 130000 trees throughout the temperate United States. We were able to predict 77% of the variation in mycorrhizal association distribution within the forest plots (P<0.001). The implications for this work move us toward mapping mycorrhizal association globally and advancing our understanding of biogeochemical cycling and other ecosystem processes. C1 [Fisher, Joshua B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Fisher, Joshua B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, 607 Charles Young Dr East,Young Hall 4242, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Sweeney, Sean; Evans, Tom P.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Study Inst Populat & Environm Change CIPEC, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Brzostek, Edward R.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, 53 Campus Dr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Evans, Tom P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Student Bldg 120, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Johnson, Daniel J.] Yale Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, Kroon Hall,195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Myers, Jonathan A.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Bourg, Norman A.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Conservat Ecol Ctr, Natl Zool Pk,1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Bourg, Norman A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Eastern Branch, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS430, Reston, VA USA. [Wolf, Amy T.; Howe, Robert W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nat & Appl Sci, 2420 Nicolet Dr, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. [Wolf, Amy T.; Howe, Robert W.] Univ Wisconsin, Cofrin Ctr Biodivers, 2420 Nicolet Dr, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. [Phillips, Richard P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, 247 Jordan Hall,1001 E Third St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Fisher, JB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.; Fisher, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, 607 Charles Young Dr East,Young Hall 4242, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM joshbfisher@gmail.com OI Bourg, Norman/0000-0002-7443-1992; Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085 FU Indiana Academy of Sciences; CTFS-ForestGEO; 1923 Fund; Smithsonian Institution; Washington University in St. Louis' Tyson Research Center; International Center for Advanced Renewable Energy and Sustainability (I-CARES); US Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program; US National Science Foundation Ecosystem Science Program; Indiana University's Research and Teaching Preserve; Indiana University's Office of the Vice Provost for Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Tree data were collected by many investigators at the Smithsonian Institution's CTFS-ForestGEO, a global network of forest dynamics plots coordinated by Stuart Davies, Richard Condit, Sean McMahon, and many others. We thank Jeremy Degler, Mark Sheehan, Anthony Sipes, and Andrew Quebbeman for mapping the plot data for LDW; funding for LDW was provided by the Indiana Academy of Sciences and CTFS-ForestGEO. We thank William McShea for providing the plot data for SCBI. Major contributors to the WFD data include Kathryn Corio, Juniper Sundance, and Gary Fewless, with funding from the 1923 Fund and Smithsonian Institution. TRCP is supported by Washington University in St. Louis' Tyson Research Center, with funding provided by the International Center for Advanced Renewable Energy and Sustainability (I-CARES); more than 60 high school students, undergraduate students, and researchers contributed to the TRCP. Anonymous reviewers provided useful suggestions. Funding for the remote sensing analysis was provided by the US Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program; the US National Science Foundation Ecosystem Science Program; Indiana University's Research and Teaching Preserve; and Indiana University's Office of the Vice Provost for Research. JBF carried out the research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and at the University of California at Los Angeles. Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 22 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 22 IS 7 BP 2596 EP 2607 DI 10.1111/gcb.13264 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP8BD UT WOS:000378722000025 PM 27282323 ER PT J AU Gaglioti, BV Mann, DH Jones, BM Wooller, MJ Finney, BP AF Gaglioti, Benjamin V. Mann, Daniel H. Jones, Benjamin M. Wooller, Matthew J. Finney, Bruce P. TI High-resolution records detect human-caused changes to the boreal forest wildfire regime in interior Alaska SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE Alaska; anthropogenic disturbance; boreal forest; charcoal; varves; wildfire; wildland-urban interface ID FIRE REGIME; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHWESTERN MINNESOTA; CHARCOAL ANALYSIS; HUMAN IMPACTS; HISTORY; AREA; MANAGEMENT; VARIABILITY AB Stand-replacing wildfires are a keystone disturbance in the boreal forest, and they are becoming more common as the climate warms. Paleo-fire archives from the wildland-urban interface can quantify the prehistoric fire regime and assess how both human land-use and climate change impact ecosystem dynamics. Here, we use a combination of a sedimentary charcoal record preserved in varved lake sediments (annually layered) and fire scars in living trees to document changes in local fire return intervals (FRIs) and regional fire activity over the last 500 years. Ace Lake is within the boreal forest, located near the town of Fairbanks in interior Alaska, which was settled by gold miners in AD 1902. In the 400 years before settlement, fires occurred near the lake on average every 58 years. After settlement, fires became much more frequent (average every 18 years), and background charcoal flux rates rose to four times their preindustrial levels, indicating a region-wide increase in burning. Despite this surge in burning, the preindustrial boreal forest ecosystem and permafrost in the watershed have remained intact. Although fire suppression has reduced charcoal influx since the 1950s, an aging fuel load experiencing increasingly warm summers may pose management problems for this and other boreal sites that have similar land-use and fire histories. The large humancaused fire events that we identify can be used to test how increasingly common megafires may alter ecosystem dynamics in the future. C1 [Gaglioti, Benjamin V.; Wooller, Matthew J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Gaglioti, Benjamin V.; Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Mann, Daniel H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geosci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wooller, Matthew J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Finney, Bruce P.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Gaglioti, BV (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM bengaglioti@gmail.com FU Joint Fire Science Program through a Graduate Research Grant (GRIN) [12-03-01-27] FX This work was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program through a Graduate Research Grant (GRIN) (Project # 12-03-01-27). NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 EI 1477-0911 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD JUL PY 2016 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1064 EP 1074 DI 10.1177/0959683616632893 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DP6WG UT WOS:000378639500005 ER PT J AU Stone, JR Saros, JE Pederson, GT AF Stone, Jeffery R. Saros, Jasmine E. Pederson, Gregory T. TI Coherent late-Holocene climate-driven shifts in the structure of three Rocky Mountain lakes SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE diatoms; Holocene; paleoclimate; paleolimnology; Rocky Mountains; stratification ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; DECADAL VARIABILITY; REGIME SHIFTS; ALEUTIAN LOW; 2 MILLENNIA; LIFE-CYCLE; PACIFIC; AMERICA; DIATOM; SCALE AB Large-scale atmospheric pressure centers, such as the Aleutian and Icelandic Low, have a demonstrated relationship with physical lake characteristics in contemporary monitoring studies, but the responses to these phenomena are rarely observed in lake records. We observe coherent changes in the stratification patterns of three deep (>30 m) lakes inferred from fossil diatom assemblages as a response to shifts in the location and intensity of the Aleutian Low and compare these changes with similar long-term changes observed in the delta O-18 record from the Yukon. Specifically, these records indicate that between 3.2 and 1.4 ka, the Aleutian Low shifted westward, resulting in an increased frequency of storm tracks across the Pacific Northwest during winter and spring. This change in atmospheric circulation ultimately produced deeper mixing in the upper waters of these three lake systems. Enhanced stratification between 4.5 and 3.3 ka and from 1.3 ka to present suggests a strengthened Aleutian Low and more meridional circulation. C1 [Stone, Jeffery R.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Syst, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Stone, Jeffery R.; Saros, Jasmine E.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Saros, Jasmine E.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Pederson, Gregory T.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, MT USA. RP Stone, JR (reprint author), Indiana State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Syst, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. EM jeffery.stone@indstate.edu FU US National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology [DEB-0734277] FX Funding for this work was provided by the US National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology Program (Grant #DEB-0734277). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 EI 1477-0911 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD JUL PY 2016 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1103 EP 1111 DI 10.1177/0959683616632886 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DP6WG UT WOS:000378639500008 ER PT J AU O'Connell, PE Koutsoyiannis, D Lins, HF Markonis, Y Montanari, A Cohn, T AF O'Connell, P. E. Koutsoyiannis, D. Lins, H. F. Markonis, Y. Montanari, A. Cohn, T. TI The scientific legacy of Harold Edwin Hurst (1880-1978) SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE Hurst; Hurst phenomenon; long-term persistence; fractional Gaussian noise; Hurst-Kolmogorov dynamics; climatic variability ID FRACTIONAL GAUSSIAN NOISES; LONG-TERM-MEMORY; STREAMFLOW SIMULATION; COMPUTER EXPERIMENTS; TIME-SERIES; CLIMATIC VARIABILITY; KOLMOGOROV DYNAMICS; SPECULATIVE PRICES; RUN PROPERTIES; UNITED-STATES AB Emanating from his remarkable characterization of long-term variability in geophysical records in the early 1950s, Hurst's scientific legacy to hydrology and other disciplines is explored. A statistical explanation of the so-called Hurst Phenomenon did not emerge until 1968 when Mandelbrot and co-authors proposed fractional Gaussian noise based on the hypothesis of infinite memory. A vibrant hydrological literature ensued where alternative modelling representations were explored and debated, e.g. ARMA models, the Broken Line model, shifting mean models with no memory, FARIMA models, and Hurst-Kolmogorov dynamics, acknowledging a link with the work of Kolmogorov in 1940. The diffusion of Hurst's work beyond hydrology is summarized by discipline and citations, showing that he arguably has the largest scientific footprint of any hydrologist in the last century. Its particular relevance to the modelling of long-term climatic variability in the era of climate change is discussed. Links to various long-term modes of variability in the climate system, driven by fluctuations in sea surface temperatures and ocean dynamics, are explored. Several issues related to the Hurst Phenomenon in hydrology remain as a challenge for future research. C1 [O'Connell, P. E.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. [Koutsoyiannis, D.; Markonis, Y.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Sch Civil Engn, Athens, Greece. [Lins, H. F.; Cohn, T.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Montanari, A.] Univ Bologna, Dept Civil Environm Chem & Mat Engn DICAM, Bologna, Italy. RP O'Connell, PE (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. EM Enda.OConnell@newcastle.ac.uk RI Koutsoyiannis, Demetris/B-7400-2009; Montanari, Alberto/B-5427-2009 OI Koutsoyiannis, Demetris/0000-0002-6226-0241; Montanari, Alberto/0000-0001-7428-0410 NR 152 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 EI 2150-3435 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 61 IS 9 SI SI BP 1571 EP 1590 DI 10.1080/02626667.2015.1125998 PG 20 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DP7SK UT WOS:000378699300003 ER PT J AU Conrey, RY Skagen, SK Adams, AAY Panjabi, AO AF Conrey, Reesa Y. Skagen, Susan K. Adams, Amy A. Yackel Panjabi, Arvind O. TI Extremes of heat, drought and precipitation depress reproductive performance in shortgrass prairie passerines SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE climate change; clutch size; grassland birds; nest survival; reproductive success; temperature; weather ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; GRASSLAND BIRDS; NEST PREDATION; TEMPORAL VARIATION; NORTH-DAKOTA; SURVIVAL; VEGETATION; SUCCESS; ECOSYSTEMS; RESPONSES AB Climate change elevates conservation concerns worldwide because it is likely to exacerbate many identified threats to animal populations. In recent decades, grassland birds have declined faster than other North American bird species, a loss thought to be due to habitat loss and fragmentation and changing agricultural practices. Climate change poses additional threats of unknown magnitude to these already declining populations. We examined how seasonal and daily weather conditions over 10years influenced nest survival of five species of insectivorous passerines native to the shortgrass prairie and evaluate our findings relative to future climate predictions for this region. Daily nest survival (n=870) was best predicted by a combination of daily and seasonal weather variables, age of nest, time in season and bird habitat guild. Within a season, survival rates were lower on very hot days (temperatures 35 degrees C), on dry days (with a lag of 1day) and on stormy days (especially for those species nesting in shorter vegetation). Across years, survival rates were also lower during warmer and drier breeding seasons. Clutch sizes were larger when early spring temperatures were cool and the week prior to egg-laying was wetter and warming. Climate change is likely to exacerbate grassland bird population declines because projected climate conditions include rising temperatures, more prolonged drought and more intense storms as the hydrological cycle is altered. Under varying realistic scenarios, nest success estimates were halved compared to their current average value when models both increased the temperature (3 degrees C) and decreased precipitation (two additional dry days during a nesting period), thus underscoring a sense of urgency in identifying and addressing the current causes of range-wide declines. C1 [Conrey, Reesa Y.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Skagen, Susan K.; Adams, Amy A. Yackel] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Panjabi, Arvind O.] Bird Conservancy Rockies, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Conrey, RY (reprint author), Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM reesa.conrey@state.co.us FU Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative; U.S. Geological Survey, Region 6 of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act; City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Program; Colorado Parks and Wildlife State Wildlife Grant FX This project was supported by the Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative, the U.S. Geological Survey, Region 6 of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act, Colorado Parks and Wildlife State Wildlife Grant, and the City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Program. We acquired weather data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Western Regional Climate Center (http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/), USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), and the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research group, a partnership between Colorado State University, ARS, and the U.S. Forest Service Pawnee National Grassland. We are grateful to our dedicated field crews and volunteers, including R.D. Adams, L. Beyer, M.B. Dillon, S. Nicely, D.A. Sack, S. Severs, S. Taeuber, M. Webb and E. Youngberg, among several others. Thanks also to Rob Sparks for his assistance in data management and delivery. Thanks to Jeremy Wilson, Jim Reynolds and Christine Ribic for their helpful reviews of the manuscript and to Dan Chamberlain and Simon Butler for their reviews of an earlier draft. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 23 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 EI 1474-919X J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JUL PY 2016 VL 158 IS 3 BP 614 EP 629 DI 10.1111/ibi.12373 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DP3SP UT WOS:000378415800013 ER PT J AU Walder, JS AF Walder, Joseph S. TI Dimensionless Erosion Laws for Cohesive Sediment (vol 142, 04015047, 2016) SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Correction C1 [Walder, Joseph S.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Walder, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jswalder@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 EI 1943-7900 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 2016 VL 142 IS 7 AR 08216002 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001170 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA DQ0AY UT WOS:000378860800012 ER PT J AU O'Shea, TJ Cryan, PM Hayman, DTS Plowright, RK Streicker, DG AF O'Shea, Thomas J. Cryan, Paul M. Hayman, David T. S. Plowright, Raina K. Streicker, Daniel G. TI Multiple mortality events in bats: a global review SO MAMMAL REVIEW LA English DT Review DE bats; conservation; disease; mortality; wind turbines ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; FREE-TAILED BATS; BROWN BATS; VAMPIRE BAT; ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES; TADARIDA-BRASILIENSIS; MYOTIS-AUSTRORIPARIUS; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; EMERGING DISEASE; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Despite conservation concerns for many species of bats, factors causing mortality in bats have not been reviewed since 1970. Here, we review and qualitatively describe trends in the occurrence and apparent causes of multiple mortality events (MMEs) in bats around the world. We compiled a database of MMEs, defined as cases in which10 dead bats were counted or estimated at a specific location within a maximum timescale of a year, and more typically within a few days or a season. We tabulated 1180 MMEs within nine categories. Prior to 2000, intentional killing by humans caused the greatest proportion of MMEs in bats. In North America and Europe, people typically killed bats because they were perceived as nuisances. Intentional killing occurred in South America for vampire bat control, in Asia and Australia for fruit depredation control, and in Africa and Asia for human food. Biotic factors, accidents, and natural abiotic factors were also important historically. Chemical contaminants were confirmed causes of MMEs in North America, Europe, and in islands. Viral and bacterial diseases ranked low as causes of MMEs in bats. Two factors led to a major shift in causes of MMEs in bats at around 2000: the global increase of industrial wind-power facilities and the outbreak of white-nose syndrome in North America. Collisions with wind turbines and white-nose syndrome are now the leading causes of reported MMEs in bats. Collectively, over half of all reported MMEs were of anthropogenic origin. The documented occurrence of MMEs in bats due to abiotic factors such as intense storms, flooding, heat waves, and drought is likely to increase in the future with climate change. Coupled with the chronic threats of roosting and foraging habitat loss, increasing mortality through MMEs is unlikely to be compensated for, given the need for high survival in the dynamics of bat populations. C1 [O'Shea, Thomas J.; Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hayman, David T. S.] Massey Univ, Mol Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Lab, Hopkirk Res Inst, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Plowright, Raina K.] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Streicker, Daniel G.] Univ Glasgow, Ctr Virus Res, MRC, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP O'Shea, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM osheat@usgs.gov; cryanp@usgs.gov; d.t.s.hayman@massey.ac.nz; raina.plowright@montana.edu; daniel.streicker@glasgow.ac.uk OI Streicker, Daniel/0000-0001-7475-2705; Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 FU NIH IDeA Programme [P20GM103474, P30GM110732]; Commonwealth of Australia; State of New South Wales; State of Queensland under the National Hendra Virus Research Program FX We thank Peggy Eby, Alan Hicks, Lee McMichael, Danilo Russo, and anonymous reviewers for comments. This work is a product of the Small Mammals Working Group of the Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) programme of the Science and Technology Directorate (US Department of Homeland Security) and the Fogarty International Center (National Institutes of Health, NIH). RKP was supported by NIH IDeA Programme grants P20GM103474 and P30GM110732, P. Thye and the Commonwealth of Australia, the State of New South Wales, and the State of Queensland under the National Hendra Virus Research Program. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 88 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 44 U2 78 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-1838 EI 1365-2907 J9 MAMMAL REV JI Mammal Rev. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 46 IS 3 BP 175 EP 190 DI 10.1111/mam.12064 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DP5TN UT WOS:000378560700003 ER PT J AU Lentz, EE Thieler, ER Plant, NG Stippa, SR Horton, RM Gesch, DB AF Lentz, Erika E. Thieler, E. Robert Plant, Nathaniel G. Stippa, Sawyer R. Horton, Radley M. Gesch, Dean B. TI Evaluation of dynamic coastal response to sea-level rise modifies inundation likelihood SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; NEW-YORK; NETWORK; ISLAND AB Sea-level rise (SLR) poses a range of threats to natural and built environmentsu, making assessments of SLR-induced hazards essential for informed decision making(3). We develop a probabilistic model that evaluates the likelihood that an area will inundate (flood) or dynamically respond (adapt) to SLR. The broad-area applicability of the approach is demonstrated by producing 30 x 30 m resolution predictions for more than 38,000 km(2) of diverse coastal landscape in the northeastern United States. Probabilistic SLR projections, coastal elevation and vertical land movement are used to estimate likely future inundation levels. Then, conditioned on future inundation levels and the current land-cover type, we evaluate the likelihood of dynamic response versus inundation. We find that nearly 70% of this coastal landscape has some capacity to respond dynamically to SLR, and we show that inundation models over-predict land likely to submerge. This approach is well suited to guiding coastal resource management decisions that weigh future SLR impacts and uncertainty against ecological targets and economic constraints. C1 [Lentz, Erika E.; Thieler, E. Robert; Stippa, Sawyer R.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Plant, Nathaniel G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Horton, Radley M.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Horton, Radley M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Gesch, Dean B.] US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD 57030 USA. RP Lentz, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM elentz@usgs.gov RI wang, baylor09/C-5190-2009; OI Gesch, Dean/0000-0002-8992-4933 FU US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Department of the Interior Northeast Climate Science Center; US Army Corps of Engineers Institute for Water Resources under the Responses to Climate Change Program FX This research was funded by the US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program, the Department of the Interior Northeast Climate Science Center, and the US Army Corps of Engineers Institute for Water Resources under the Responses to Climate Change Program. We thank B. Strauss at Climate Central's surging Seas project for permission to use their base map in Fig. 2, and C. Ruppel and M. Gonneea for early reviews and discussion of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does nut imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 6 IS 7 BP 696 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2957 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP6LP UT WOS:000378608900025 ER PT J AU Ebinger, MR Haroldson, MA van Manen, FT Costello, CM Bjornlie, DD Thompson, DJ Gunther, KA Fortin, JK Teisberg, JE Pils, SR White, PJ Cain, SL Cross, PC AF Ebinger, Michael R. Haroldson, Mark A. van Manen, Frank T. Costello, Cecily M. Bjornlie, Daniel D. Thompson, Daniel J. Gunther, Kerry A. Fortin, Jennifer K. Teisberg, Justin E. Pils, Shannon R. White, P. J. Cain, Steven L. Cross, Paul C. TI Detecting grizzly bear use of ungulate carcasses using global positioning system telemetry and activity data SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ursus arctos; GPS Cluster; Prediction; Multinomial model; Carcass visitation ID GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM; AMERICAN BLACK BEARS; WHITEBARK-PINE; NATIONAL-PARK; BROWN BEARS; RESOURCE SELECTION; HABITAT SELECTION; URSUS-ARCTOS; MOOSE CALVES; KILL RATES AB Global positioning system (GPS) wildlife collars have revolutionized wildlife research. Studies of predation by free-ranging carnivores have particularly benefited from the application of location clustering algorithms to determine when and where predation events occur. These studies have changed our understanding of large carnivore behavior, but the gains have concentrated on obligate carnivores. Facultative carnivores, such as grizzly/brown bears (Ursus arctos), exhibit a variety of behaviors that can lead to the formation of GPS clusters. We combined clustering techniques with field site investigations of grizzly bear GPS locations (n = 732 site investigations; 2004-2011) to produce 174 GPS clusters where documented behavior was partitioned into five classes (large-biomass carcass, small-biomass carcass, old carcass, non-carcass activity, and resting). We used multinomial logistic regression to predict the probability of clusters belonging to each class. Two cross-validation methods-leaving out individual clusters, or leaving out individual bears-showed that correct prediction of bear visitation to large-biomass carcasses was 78-88 %, whereas the false-positive rate was 18-24 %. As a case study, we applied our predictive model to a GPS data set of 266 bear-years in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (2002-2011) and examined trends in carcass visitation during fall hyperphagia (September-October). We identified 1997 spatial GPS clusters, of which 347 were predicted to be large-biomass carcasses. We used the clustered data to develop a carcass visitation index, which varied annually, but more than doubled during the study period. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness and utility of identifying GPS clusters associated with carcass visitation by a facultative carnivore. C1 [Ebinger, Michael R.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Univ Hall,Room 309, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Ebinger, Michael R.; Haroldson, Mark A.; van Manen, Frank T.; Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Ebinger, Michael R.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Box 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Costello, Cecily M.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, 490 N Meridian Rd, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. [Bjornlie, Daniel D.; Thompson, Daniel J.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Large Carnivore Sect, 260 Buena Vista, Lander, WY 82520 USA. [Gunther, Kerry A.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Bear Management Off, POB 168, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. [Fortin, Jennifer K.; Teisberg, Justin E.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, POB 644236, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Teisberg, Justin E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grizzly Bear Recovery Program, Libby, MT 59923 USA. [Pils, Shannon R.] US Forest Serv, Shoshone Natl Forest, 203A Yellowstone Ave, Cody, WY 82414 USA. [White, P. J.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, POB 168, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. [Cain, Steven L.] Grand Teton Natl Pk, POB 170, Moose, WY 83012 USA. [Cain, Steven L.] Grand Teton Natl Pk Fdn, POB 249, Moose, WY 83012 USA. RP Ebinger, MR (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Univ Hall,Room 309, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.; Ebinger, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.; Ebinger, MR (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Box 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM mebinger@usgs.gov FU National Park Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological survey FX This study was funded in part by the National Park Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the US Geological survey. NR 84 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 2016 VL 181 IS 3 BP 695 EP 708 DI 10.1007/s00442-016-3594-5 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP8ZY UT WOS:000378787700006 PM 26971522 ER PT J AU Lapotre, MGA Ewing, RC Lamb, MP Fischer, WW Grotzinger, JP Rubin, DM Lewis, KW Ballard, MJ Day, M Gupta, S Banham, SG Bridges, NT Des Marais, DJ Fraeman, AA Grant, JA Herkenhoff, KE Ming, DW Mischna, MA Rice, MS Sumner, DA Vasavada, AR Yingst, RA AF Lapotre, M. G. A. Ewing, R. C. Lamb, M. P. Fischer, W. W. Grotzinger, J. P. Rubin, D. M. Lewis, K. W. Ballard, M. J. Day, M. Gupta, S. Banham, S. G. Bridges, N. T. Des Marais, D. J. Fraeman, A. A. Grant, J. A. Herkenhoff, K. E. Ming, D. W. Mischna, M. A. Rice, M. S. Sumner, D. A. Vasavada, A. R. Yingst, R. A. TI Large wind ripples on Mars: A record of atmospheric evolution SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SAND RIPPLES; BEDFORMS; CRATER; DUNES; WATER; MODEL AB Wind blowing over sand on Earth produces decimeter-wavelength ripples and hundred-meter-to kilometer-wavelength dunes: bedforms of two distinct size modes. Observations from the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter reveal that Mars hosts a third stable wind-driven bedform, with meter-scale wavelengths. These bedforms are spatially uniform in size and typically have asymmetric profiles with angle-of-repose lee slopes and sinuous crest lines, making them unlike terrestrial wind ripples. Rather, these structures resemble fluid-drag ripples, which on Earth include water-worked current ripples, but on Mars instead form by wind because of the higher kinematic viscosity of the low-density atmosphere. A reevaluation of the wind-deposited strata in the Burns formation (about 3.7 billion years old or younger) identifies potential wind-drag ripple stratification formed under a thin atmosphere. C1 [Lapotre, M. G. A.; Lamb, M. P.; Fischer, W. W.; Grotzinger, J. P.; Fraeman, A. A.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ewing, R. C.; Ballard, M. J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rubin, D. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Lewis, K. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Day, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Gupta, S.; Banham, S. G.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Bridges, N. T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Des Marais, D. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Fraeman, A. A.; Mischna, M. A.; Vasavada, A. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Grant, J. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ming, D. W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Rice, M. S.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Sumner, D. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Yingst, R. A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Lapotre, MGA (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM mlapotre@caltech.edu FU NASA; UK Space Agency; NASA MSL Participating Scientist program; KISS Prize Postdoctoral Fellowship; Caltech GPS Division Texaco Prize Postdoctoral Fellowship FX We thank the MSL engineering and science teams; the Mastcam team; Malin Space Science Systems, who made the rover observations possible; and B. Ehlmann and K. Edgett for insightful comments. Data presented in this paper are archived in the Planetary Data System (https://pds.nasa.gov/), and our compilation is available in the supplementary materials (data tables S1 and S2). Part of this research was carried out at the Propultion Laboutatory-Caltech, under a contract with NASA. Work in the United Kingdom was funded by the UK Space Agency. D.M.R. was funded by the NASA MSL Participating Scientist program, and A.A.F. by a KISS Prize Postdoctoral Fellowship and a Caltech GPS Division Texaco Prize Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 12 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 1 PY 2016 VL 353 IS 6294 BP 55 EP 58 DI 10.1126/science.aaf3206 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DP9KX UT WOS:000378816200033 PM 27365444 ER PT J AU Crowell, BW Schmidt, DA Bodin, P Vidale, JE Gomberg, J Hartog, JR Kress, VC Melbourne, TI Santillan, M Minson, SE Jamison, DG AF Crowell, Brendan W. Schmidt, David A. Bodin, Paul Vidale, John E. Gomberg, Joan Hartog, J. Renate Kress, Victor C. Melbourne, Timothy I. Santillan, Marcelo Minson, Sarah E. Jamison, Dylan G. TI Demonstration of the Cascadia G-FAST Geodetic Earthquake Early Warning System for the Nisqually, Washington, Earthquake SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOMENT TENSOR; STATIC DISPLACEMENTS; SURFACE DEFORMATION; HALF-SPACE; GPS DATA; CALIFORNIA; PARAMETERS; NETWORKS; SHAKING; ROBUST AB A prototype earthquake early warning (EEW) system is currently in development in the Pacific Northwest. We have taken a two-stage approach to EEW: (1) detection and initial characterization using strong-motion data with the Earthquake Alarm Systems (ElarmS) seismic early warning package and (2) the triggering of geodetic modeling modules using Global Navigation Satellite Systems data that help provide robust estimates of large-magnitude earthquakes. In this article we demonstrate the performance of the latter, the Geodetic First Approximation of Size and Time (G-FAST) geodetic early warning system, using simulated displacements for the 2001 M-w 6.8 Nisqually earthquake. We test the timing and performance of the two G-FAST source characterization modules, peak ground displacement scaling, and Centroid MomentTensor-driven finite-fault-slip modeling under ideal, latent, noisy, and incomplete data conditions. We show good agreement between source parameters computed by G-FAST with previously published and postprocessed seismic and geodetic results for all test cases and modeling modules, and we discuss the challenges with integration into the U.S. Geological Survey's ShakeAlert EEWsystem. C1 [Crowell, Brendan W.; Schmidt, David A.; Bodin, Paul; Vidale, John E.; Hartog, J. Renate; Kress, Victor C.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Johnson Hall Room 070,Box 351310 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gomberg, Joan] Univ Washington, Earthquake Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Johnson Hall Room 070,Box 351310 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Melbourne, Timothy I.; Santillan, Marcelo] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 400 E Univ Way,MS 7418, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. [Minson, Sarah E.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jamison, Dylan G.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 200 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Crowell, BW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Johnson Hall Room 070,Box 351310 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM crowellb@uw.edu RI Crowell, Brendan/A-5708-2013 OI Crowell, Brendan/0000-0001-7096-601X FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [663450] FX We would like to thank John Langbein and Diego Melgar for thoughtful comments that improved the article. We also thank two anonymous reviewers and the Editor Zhigang Peng for helpful reviews. This work has been funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Grant Number 663450 to University of Washington. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 87 IS 4 BP 930 EP 943 DI 10.1785/0220150255 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DP4TU UT WOS:000378490100016 ER PT J AU Sitt, T Bowen, L Lee, CS Blanchard, MT McBain, J Dold, C Stott, JL AF Sitt, Tatjana Bowen, Lizabeth Lee, Chia-Shan Blanchard, Myra T. McBain, James Dold, Christopher Stott, Jeffrey L. TI Longitudinal evaluation of leukocyte transcripts in killer whales (Orcinus Orca) SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Killer whale; Orcinus orca; Cytokine; Leukocyte transcript; Real-time PCR; Health; Biomarkers ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; INFLAMMATORY DISEASES; ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; SEA OTTER; CYTOKINE; STRESS; CELLS; CETACEANS AB Early identification of illness and/or presence of environmental and/or social stressors in free-ranging and domestic cetaceans is a priority for marine mammal health care professionals. Incorporation of leukocyte gene transcript analysis into the diagnostic tool kit has the potential to augment classical diagnostics based upon ease of sample storage and shipment, inducible nature and well-defined roles of transcription and associated downstream actions. Development of biomarkers that could serve to identify "insults" and potentially differentiate disease etiology would be of great diagnostic value. To this end, a modest number of peripheral blood leukocyte gene transcripts were selected for application to a domestic killer whale population with a focus on broad representation of inducible immunologically relevant genes. Normalized leukocyte transcript values, longitudinally acquired from 232 blood samples derived from 26 clinically healthy whales, were not visibly influenced temporally nor by sex or the specific Park in which they resided. Stability in leukocyte transcript number during periods of health enhances their potential use in diagnostics through identification of outliers. Transcript levels of two cytokine genes, IL-4 and IL-17, were highly variable within the group as compared to the other transcripts. IL-4 transcripts were typically absent. Analysis of transcript levels on the other genes of interest, on an individual animal basis, identified more outliers than were visible when analyzed in the context of the entire population. The majority of outliers (9 samples) were low, though elevated transcripts were identified for IL-17 from 2 animals and one each for Cox-2 and IL-10. The low number of outliers was not unexpected as sample selection was intentionally directed towards animals that were clinically healthy at the time of collection. Outliers may reflect animals experiencing subclinical disease that is transient and self-limiting. The immunologic knowledge derived from longitudinal immunologic studies in killer whales, as was the target of the present study, has the potential to improve diagnostics and health related decision making for this and other domestic and free-ranging cetacean species. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sitt, Tatjana; Lee, Chia-Shan; Blanchard, Myra T.; Stott, Jeffrey L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bowen, Lizabeth] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McBain, James] Vet Consultant, 3658 Ingraham St, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Dold, Christopher] SeaWorld Pk & Entertainment, Corp VP Vet Serv, Zool Operat Zool, 9205 South Pk Ctr Loop,Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32819 USA. RP Stott, JL (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, 570 Main St, Burlington, VT USA. EM jlstott@ucdavis.edu NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 EI 1873-2534 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 175 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.04.011 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA DP7IA UT WOS:000378671200002 PM 27269787 ER PT J AU Breves, JP Phipps-Costin, SK Fujimoto, CK Einarsdottir, IE Regish, AM Bjornsson, BT McCormick, SD AF Breves, Jason P. Phipps-Costin, Silas K. Fujimoto, Chelsea K. Einarsdottir, Ingibjorg E. Regish, Amy M. Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur McCormick, Stephen D. TI Hepatic insulin-like growth factor binding protein (igfbp) responses to food restriction in Atlantic salmon smolts SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Insulin-like growth-factor; Binding proteins; Growth hormone; Atlantic salmon; Liver; Fasting ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; FACTOR-I; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GENE-EXPRESSION; POST-SMOLTS; NA+,K+,2CL(-) COTRANSPORTER; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION AB The growth hormone (Gh)/insulin-like growth-factor (Igf) system plays a central role in the regulation of growth in fishes. However, the roles of Igf binding proteins (Igfbps) in coordinating responses to food availability are unresolved, especially in anadromous fishes preparing for seaward migration. We assayed plasma Gh, Igf1, thyroid hormones and cortisol along with igfbp mRNA levels in fasted and fed Atlantic salmon (Salmo solar). Fish were fasted for 3 or 10 days near the peak of smoltification (late April to early May). Fasting reduced plasma glucose by 3 days and condition factor by 10 days. Plasma Gh, cortisol, and thyroxine (T-4) were not altered in response to fasting, whereas Igf1 and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T-3) were slightly higher and lower than controls, respectively. Hepatic igfbp1b1, -1b2, -2a,-2b1 and -2b2 mRNA levels were not responsive to fasting, but there were marked increases in igfbp1a1 following 3 and 10 days of fasting. Fasting did not alter hepatic igf1 or igf2; however, muscle igf1 was diminished by 10 days of fasting. There were no signs that fasting compromised branchial ionoregulatory functions, as indicated by unchanged Na+/K+-ATPase activity and ion pump/transporter mRNA levels. We conclude that dynamic hepatic igfbp1a1 and muscle igf1 expression participate in the modulation of Gh/Igf signaling in smolts undergoing catabolism. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Breves, Jason P.; Phipps-Costin, Silas K.; Fujimoto, Chelsea K.] Skidmore Coll, Dept Biol, 815 N Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. [Einarsdottir, Ingibjorg E.; Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Fish Endocrinol Lab, Box 463, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [McCormick, Stephen D.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796,One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Breves, JP (reprint author), Skidmore Coll, Dept Biol, 815 N Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. EM jbreves@skidmore.edu FU Skidmore College FX We appreciate the excellent fish care and laboratory assistance provided by Andrew Weinstock during the course of this study. We also thank Spencer Chicoine for assistance with plasma chloride measurements. This work was supported by Skidmore College (Start-Up Funds to J.P.B.). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JUL 1 PY 2016 VL 233 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.05.015 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA DP4JS UT WOS:000378462800009 PM 27210270 ER PT J AU Purcell, MK McKibben, CL Pearman-Gillman, S Elliott, DG Winton, JR AF Purcell, M. K. McKibben, C. L. Pearman-Gillman, S. Elliott, D. G. Winton, J. R. TI Effects of temperature on Renibacterium salmoninarum infection and transmission potential in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bacterial load; Chinook salmon; Lake Michigan; shedding; temperature ID BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAKE-MICHIGAN; WATER TEMPERATURE; GENETIC-VARIATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; POVIDONE-IODINE; AQUATIC ANIMALS; SALAR L AB Renibacterium salmoninarum is a significant pathogen of salmonids and the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD). Water temperature affects the replication rate of pathogens and the function of the fish immune system to influence the progression of disease. In addition, rapid shifts in temperature may serve as stressors that reduce host resistance. This study evaluated the effect of shifts in water temperature on established R.salmoninarum infections. We challenged Chinook salmon with R.salmoninarum at 12 degrees C for 2weeks and then divided the fish into three temperature groups (8, 12 and 15 degrees C). Fish in the 8 degrees C group had significantly higher R.salmoninarum-specific mortality, kidney R.salmoninarum loads and bacterial shedding rates relative to the fish held at 12 or 15 degrees C. There was a trend towards suppressed bacterial load and shedding in the 15 degrees C group, but the results were not significant. Bacterial load was a significant predictor of shedding for the 8 and 12 degrees C groups but not for the 15 degrees C group. Overall, our results showed little effect of temperature stress on the progress of infection, but do support the conclusion that cooler water temperatures contribute to infection progression and increased transmission potential in Chinook salmon infected with R.salmoninarum. C1 [Purcell, M. K.; McKibben, C. L.; Pearman-Gillman, S.; Elliott, D. G.; Winton, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98034 USA. RP Purcell, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98034 USA. EM mpurcell@usgs.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX The authors acknowledge Susan Marcquenski and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources for providing the Chinook salmon used in this study. We also thank Carla Conway and Rachel Thompson for technical assistance. Funding was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission for a grant titled 'Impact of Stressors on the Transmission Potential of Renibacterium salmoninarum'. All animal experiments were approved by the Western Fisheries Research Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (200808). The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Department of Interior or the US Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 EI 1365-2761 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 39 IS 7 BP 787 EP 798 DI 10.1111/jfd.12409 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA DP3SQ UT WOS:000378415900001 PM 26449619 ER PT J AU Shope, CL AF Shope, Christopher L. TI Disentangling event-scale hydrologic flow partitioning in mountains of the Korean Peninsula under extreme precipitation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Discharge; Baseflow; Flow partitioning; Stable isotopes; TERRECO; Korea ID BASEFLOW SEPARATION; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; RUNOFF GENERATION; SUMMER MONSOON; WATER-BALANCE; STORM PULSES; SOUTH-KOREA; CATCHMENT; SOIL; CLIMATE AB Mountainous headwaters include a variety of spatial landscape units; however, the flow contribution from different hydrologic components is complex and often unclear. In addition to complex landscape controls, temporal meteorological drivers play an important role in the distribution between surface runoff and subsurface storage changes. This spatiotemporal variability in partitioning can influence catchment-wide flow accumulation and nutrient and sediment loading. We use a multi-year, multi method analysis of stable isotopes, geochemical indicators, and discharge distributed throughout the Haean catchment in South Korea to identify temporal variability in hydrologic flow partitioning from surface runoff, springs, shallow interflow, and groundwater under monsoonal conditions. By combining a weighted, multi-method discharge approach, high frequency, synoptic, catchment-wide isotopic and geochemical sampling, and baseflow analysis, we characterize watershed-scale spatiotemporal hydrologic flow partitioning. Meteorological drivers are spatially variable throughout the catchment and temporally between individual events. Baseflow contributions in the high elevation, forested areas are up to 50%, while the majority of the catchment is approximately 20%. Our study builds on previously reported seasonality of isotopic signatures by quantifying trends in distributed event-based partitioning of isotopic tracers. We demonstrate that high frequency flow partitioning can accurately be determined in mountainous topography with high precipitation and that there is a need for multiple method characterizations. Our results further show the benefit of spatially distributed synoptic sampling for process understanding of hydrologic partitioning throughout the watersheds. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shope, Christopher L.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, 2329 Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Shope, Christopher L.] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Hydrol, Univ Str 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Shope, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, 2329 Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM cshope@usgs.gov FU Interdisciplinary Research Project TERRECO - German Research Foundation (DFG) at the University of Bayreuth FX Support from the Interdisciplinary Research Project TERRECO funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) at the University of Bayreuth is greatly acknowledged. The isotope abundance analysis and contributions of the BayCEER Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry at the University of Bayreuth is also appreciated. Review comments from P. Gardner (US Geological Survey) and J.L. Payeur-Poirier (University of Bayreuth), G. Syme (editor for the Journal of Hydrology), and three anonymous reviewers is greatly acknowledged. NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 538 BP 399 EP 415 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.04.050 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DP2YX UT WOS:000378360600034 ER PT J AU Russoniello, CJ Konikow, LF Kroeger, KD Fernandez, C Andres, AS Michael, HA AF Russoniello, Christopher J. Konikow, Leonard F. Kroeger, Kevin D. Fernandez, Cristina Andres, A. Scott Michael, Holly A. TI Hydrogeologic controls on groundwater discharge and nitrogen loads in a coastal watershed SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Submarine groundwater discharge; Coastal groundwater; Groundwater transit time; Nitrogen cycle; Nutrient loads; Delaware Inland Bays; USA ID ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; RADIUM ISOTOPES; SURFACE-WATER; LAND-USE; BAY; FLOW; USA; DELAWARE; ESTUARY AB Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a small portion of the global water budget, but a potentially large contributor to coastal nutrient budgets due to high concentrations relative to stream discharge. A numerical groundwater flow model of the Inland Bays Watershed, Delaware, USA, was developed to identify the primary hydrogeologic factors that affect groundwater discharge rates and transit times to streams and bays. The distribution of groundwater discharge between streams and bays is sensitive to the depth of the water table below land surface. Higher recharge and reduced hydraulic conductivity raised the water table and increased discharge to streams relative to bays compared to the Reference case (in which 66% of recharge is discharged to streams). Increases to either factor decreased transit times for discharge to both streams and bays compared to the Reference case (in which mean transit times are 56.5 and 94.3 years, respectively), though sensitivity to recharge is greater. Groundwater-borne nitrogen loads were calculated from nitrogen concentrations measured in discharging fresh groundwater and modeled SGD rates. These loads combined with long SGD transit times Suggest groundwater-borne nitrogen reductions and estuarine water quality improvements will lag decades behind implementation of efforts to manage nutrient sources. This work enhances understanding of the hydrogeologic controls on and uncertainties in absolute and relative rates and transit times of groundwater discharge to streams and bays in coastal watersheds. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Russoniello, Christopher J.; Fernandez, Cristina; Michael, Holly A.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Konikow, Leonard F.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Kroeger, Kevin D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Andres, A. Scott] Delaware Geol Survey, Newark, DE USA. [Michael, Holly A.] Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE USA. RP Michael, HA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM hmichael@udel.edu RI Michael, Holly/F-8447-2010 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0910756, EAR-0911805] FX The authors would like to thank Sandy Baldwin, Joanna York, Wally Brooks, Adrian Green, Michael Casso, Andrew Musetto, Deon Knights, and Mahfuzur Khan for help with sample collection and analysis. Ward Sanford provided data coverages and both he and Richard Winston provided modeling guidance. We appreciate the helpful suggestions and comments provided by James Heiss, Jason Fine, Ming Ye, and two anonymous reviewers; these significantly improved the manuscript. We thank the Okie family for access to the Bullseye Farm site. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (EAR-0910756 and EAR-0911805). The use of trade, product, or firm names in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the authors or their employers. NR 86 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 14 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 538 BP 783 EP 793 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DP2YX UT WOS:000378360600062 ER PT J AU Fuller, AK Linden, DW Royle, JA AF Fuller, Angela K. Linden, Daniel W. Royle, J. Andrew TI Management Decision Making for Fisher Populations Informed by Occupancy Modeling SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE camera trap; decision making; fisher; harvest; martes; occupancy; Pekania pennanti; trapping ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PRESENCE-ABSENCE; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; LANDSCAPE-SCALE; MARTES-PENNANTI; CENTRAL BRAZIL; HABITAT USE; DENSITY; CARNIVORES AB Harvest data are often used by wildlife managers when setting harvest regulations for species because the data are regularly collected and do not require implementation of logistically and financially challenging studies to obtain the data. However, when harvest data are not available because an area had not previously supported a harvest season, alternative approaches are required to help inform management decision making. When distribution or density data are required across large areas, occupancy modeling is a useful approach, and under certain conditions, can be used as a surrogate for density. We collaborated with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) to conduct a camera trapping study across a 70,096-km(2) region of southern New York in areas that were currently open to fisher (Pekania [Martes] pennanti) harvest and those that had been closed to harvest for approximately 65 years. We used detection-nondetection data at 826 sites to model occupancy as a function of site-level landscape characteristics while accounting for sampling variation. Fisher occupancy was influenced positively by the proportion of conifer and mixed-wood forest within a 15-km(2) grid cell and negatively associated with road density and the proportion of agriculture. Model-averaged predictions indicated high occupancy probabilities (>0.90) when road densities were low (<1 km/km(2)) and coniferous and mixed forest proportions were high (>0.50). Predicted occupancy ranged 0.41-0.67 in wildlife management units (WMUs) currently open to trapping, which could be used to guide a minimum occupancy threshold for opening new areas to trapping seasons. There were 5 WMUs that had been closed to trapping but had an average predicted occupancy of 0.52 (0.07 SE), and above the threshold of 0.41. These areas are currently under consideration by NYSDEC for opening a conservative harvest season. We demonstrate the use of occupancy modeling as an aid to management decision making when harvest-related data are unavailable and when budgetary constraints do not allow for capture-recapture studies to directly estimate density. (C) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Fuller, Angela K.] Cornell Univ, US Geol Survey, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources, 211 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Linden, Daniel W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 211 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Fuller, AK (reprint author), Cornell Univ, US Geol Survey, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources, 211 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM angela.fuller@cornell.edu OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Grant [W-173-G] FX We thank the following NYSDEC staff for coordinating and conducting field camera surveys: K. S. Baginski, M. D. Clark, E. J. Duffy, L. X. Durfey, R. Holevinski, A. J. MacDuff, M. L. Putnam, A. O. Rothrock, W. S. Schara, and S. R. Smith. We thank B. L. Swift, M. V. Schiavone, and P. G. Jensen for project support. We thank R. A. Holevinski for assistance in obtaining relevant GIS databases and for helping to coordinate field efforts. We thank C. Sutherland and J. D. J. Clare for reviewing a previous draft of this manuscript. We thank K. J. McKelvey and anonymous reviewers who provided suggestions that improved the manuscript. This work was supported in part by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Grant W-173-G. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 29 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 80 IS 5 BP 794 EP 802 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21077 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DP2PS UT WOS:000378332000003 ER PT J AU Arnold, TW Afton, AD Anteau, MJ Koons, DN Nicolai, CA AF Arnold, Todd W. Afton, Alan D. Anteau, Michael J. Koons, David N. Nicolai, Chris A. TI Temporal Variation in Survival and Recovery Rates of Lesser Scaup SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE annual survival; Aythya affinis; band recovery; compensatory mortality; harvest; lesser scaup; Markov chain Monte Carlo ID BAND REPORTING RATES; HARVEST REGULATIONS; BOREAL FOREST; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; MARKED ANIMALS; RECAPTURE DATA; NORTH-AMERICA; YUKON FLATS AB Management of lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) has been hindered by access to reliable data on population trajectories and vital rates. We conducted a Bayesian analysis of historical (1951-2011) band-recovery data throughout North America to estimate annual survival and recovery rates for juvenile and adult male and female lesser scaup to determine if increasing harvest or declining survival rates have contributed to population changes and to determine if harvest has been primarily additive or compensatory. Annual recovery rates were low, ranging from 1% to 4% for adults and 2% to 10% for juveniles during most years, with trend models indicating that recovery rates have declined through time for all age-sex classes. Annual survival (mid-Aug to mid-Aug) averaged 0.402 ((sigma) over cap 0.043) for juvenile males, 0.416 ((sigma) over cap 0.067) for juvenile females, 0.689 ((sigma) over cap 0.109) for adult males, and 0.602 ((sigma) over cap 0.115) for adult females, where (sigma) over cap s represents an estimate of annual process variation in each survival rate. Annual survival rates exhibited no evidence of long-term declines or negative correlations with annual recovery rates (i.e., an index of harvest intensity) for any age-sex class, suggesting that declining fecundity was the most likely explanation for population declines during 1975-2005. We conclude that hunting mortality played a minor role in affecting population dynamics of lesser scaup and waterfowl managers could take a less cautious approach in managing harvest, especially if recruiting or maintaining waterfowl hunters are viewed as important management objectives. (C) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Arnold, Todd W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 135 Skok Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Anteau, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Koons, David N.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Koons, David N.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Nicolai, Chris A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1664 North Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Arnold, TW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 135 Skok Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM arnol065@umn.edu FU North American Waterfowl Management Plan Science Support Team FX We appreciate the countless effort of banders and hunters who have applied and reported bands on lesser scaup over the last 65 years. C. D. Ankney, J. D. Nichols, J. S. Sedinger, and G. C. White shared valuable insights with us about scaup population dynamics, compensatory harvest, and band-recovery analysis. L. Powell, S. Van Wilgenburg, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. T. W. Arnold's involvement was supported by the Scaup Action Team, under the auspices of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan Science Support Team. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 80 IS 5 BP 850 EP 861 DI 10.1002/jwmg.21074 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DP2PS UT WOS:000378332000008 ER PT J AU Simonsen, VL Fontaine, JJ AF Simonsen, Victoria L. Fontaine, Joseph J. TI Landscape Context Influences Nest Survival in a Midwest Grassland SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE habitat; landscape context; nest predation; ring-necked pheasant; species distribution; success ID RING-NECKED PHEASANTS; CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; AKAIKES INFORMATION CRITERION; SITE SELECTION PATTERNS; ARTIFICIAL NEST; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HABITAT STRUCTURE; MODEL SELECTION; BIRD USE; PREDATION AB Although the management and restoration of habitat is the key method to conserve species of interest, local habitat management often fails to elicit desired responses in populations. Landscape features beyond the local habitat scale affect the population dynamics of ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), but the mechanism behind this response is unknown. One possibility is that nest survival, which is primarily reduced by nest predation, is regulating pheasant responses to the landscape. We investigated the extent to which land use affected nest survival by studying 202 artificial nests on 12 Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields in Nebraska, USA with varying surrounding land-use practices. After running a hierarchical analysis of competing models, we found that predicted nest survival increased as the amount of CRP, winter wheat, and pastureland surrounding a CRP field increased, whereas increasing fallow fields was correlated with decreased nest success. Our findings support theoretical and empirical evidence that nest predation rates are shaped by predator search efficacy. Changing the relative availability of nesting habitat that potentially holds alternative prey sources in our study affected nest survival rates, possibly by altering the search area of opportunistic nest predators. The similarities between the landscape relationships that predict nest survival and landscape predictors of pheasant abundance indicate that nest survival may potentially act as the mechanism shaping population dynamics within an ever changing farmland ecosystem. We recommend that managers consider the land use surrounding areas under consideration for habitat improvement to enhance conservation investments. (C) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Simonsen, Victoria L.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 422 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Fontaine, Joseph J.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 422 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Simonsen, VL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 422 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM simonsenvl@gmail.com RI Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010; OI Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156; Simonsen, Victoria /0000-0003-1908-4542 FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project [W-98-R]; University of Nebraska-Lincoln Undergraduate Creative Activities and Research Experience program; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank L. N. Messsinger, J. A. Laskowski, E. F. Stuber, and L. A. Powell for comments and support and the many private landowners that allowed us access to their properties. Funding was provided by a Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project (W-98-R) administered by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, with additional support provided by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Undergraduate Creative Activities and Research Experience program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 80 IS 5 BP 877 EP 883 DI 10.1002/jwmg.1068 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DP2PS UT WOS:000378332000010 ER PT J AU Robinson, SG Haukos, DA Plumb, RT Hagen, CA Pitman, JC Lautenbach, JM Sullins, DS Kraft, JD Lautenbach, JD AF Robinson, Samantha G. Haukos, David A. Plumb, Reid T. Hagen, Christian A. Pitman, James C. Lautenbach, Joseph M. Sullins, Daniel S. Kraft, John D. Lautenbach, Jonathan D. TI Lesser Prairie-Chicken Fence Collision Risk Across Its Northern Distribution SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Colorado; fences; Kansas; lesser prairie-chicken; management; mortality; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; TYMPANUCHUS-PALLIDICINCTUS; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; WOODLAND GROUSE; PROBABLE CAUSES; CONSERVATION; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY AB Livestock fences have been hypothesized to significantly contribute to mortality of lesser prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus); however, quantification of mortality due to fence collisions is lacking across their current distribution. Variation in fence density, landscape composition and configuration, and land use could influence collision risk of lesser prairie-chickens. We monitored fences within 3 km of known leks during spring and fall and surveyed for signs of collision occurrence within 20 m of fences in 6 study sites in Kansas and Colorado, USA during 2013 and 2014. We assessed mortality locations of radio-tagged birds (n = 286) for evidence of fence collisions and compared distance to fence relative to random points. Additionally, we quantified locations, propensity, and frequency of fences crossed by lesser prairie-chickens. We tested for landscape and vegetative characteristics that influenced fence-cross propensity and frequency of global positioning system (GPS)-marked birds. A minimum of 12,706 fence crossings occurred by GPS-marked lesser prairie-chickens. We found 3 carcasses and 12 additional possible instances of evidence of collision during >2,800 km of surveyed fences. We found evidence for a single suspected collision based on carcass evidence for 148 mortalities of transmittered birds. Mortality locations of transmittered birds were located at distances from fences 15% farther than expected at random. Our data suggested minimal biological significance and indicated that propensity and frequency of fence crossings were random processes. Lesser prairie-chickens do not appear to be experiencing significant mortality risk due to fence collisions in Kansas and Colorado. Focusing resources on other limiting factors (i.e., habitat quality) has greater potential for impact on population demography than fence marking and removal. (C) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Robinson, Samantha G.; Plumb, Reid T.; Lautenbach, Joseph M.; Sullins, Daniel S.; Kraft, John D.; Lautenbach, Jonathan D.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Haukos, David A.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS USA. [Hagen, Christian A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 500 SW Bond St, Bend, OR 97702 USA. [Pitman, James C.] Kansas Dept Wildlife Pk & Tourism, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. [Robinson, Samantha G.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Plumb, Reid T.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Montague, CA 96064 USA. [Pitman, James C.] Western Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. [Lautenbach, Joseph M.] Sault Ste Marie Tribe Chippewa Indians, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. RP Robinson, SG (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.; Robinson, SG (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM samgr@vt.edu FU Kansas Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism [KS W-73-R-3]; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Farm Services CRP Monitoring, Assessment, and Evaluation [KSCFWRU RWO 62]; USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service FX We thank J. Kramer, M. Mitchener, D. Dahlgren, J. Prendergast, G. Kramos, A. Flanders, J. Reitz, and S. Hyberg for their assistance with the project. We thank the private landowners for allowing us access to their land to conduct this research and all of the technicians who assisted with this research, especially walking kilometers of fences every other day. S. Ogden and 2 anonymous reviewers provided comments on this manuscript. We appreciate all of the assistance from M. Bain and Smoky Valley Ranch of The Nature Conservancy. Funding for the project was provided by Kansas Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism (Federal Assistance Grant KS W-73-R-3); United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Farm Services CRP Monitoring, Assessment, and Evaluation (12-IA-MRE CRP TA#7, KSCFWRU RWO 62); and USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Lesser Prairie-Chicken Initiative. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 80 IS 5 BP 906 EP 915 DI 10.1002/jwmg.1073 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DP2PS UT WOS:000378332000013 ER PT J AU Edwards, M Grosse, G Jones, BM McDowell, P AF Edwards, Mary Grosse, Guido Jones, Benjamin M. McDowell, Patricia TI The evolution of a thermokarst-lake landscape: Late Quaternary permafrost degradation and stabilization in interior Alaska SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Holocene; LiDAR; Non-linear processes; Permafrost degradation; Thermokarst lakes ID ARCTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; THAW LAKES; NORTHEAST SIBERIA; EASTERN SIBERIA; BOREAL FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIRCH CREEK; YUKON FLATS; FIRE REGIME; HOLOCENE AB Thermokarst processes characterize a variety of ice-rich permafrost terrains and often lead to lake formation. The long-term evolution of thermokarst landscapes and the stability and longevity of lakes depend upon climate, vegetation and ground conditions, including the volume of excess ground ice and its distribution. The current lake status of thermokarst-lake landscapes and their future trajectories under climate warming are better understood in the light of their long-term development. We studied the lake-rich southern marginal upland of the Yukon Flats (northern interior Alaska) using dated lake-sediment cores, observations of river-cut exposures, and remotely-sensed data. The region features thick (up to 40 m) Quaternary deposits (mainly loess) that contain massive ground ice. Two of three studied lakes formed similar to 11,000-12,000 cal yr BP through inferred thermokarst processes, and fire may have played a role in initiating thermokarst development. From similar to 9000 cal yr BP, all lakes exhibited steady sedimentation, and pollen stratigraphies are consistent with regional patterns. The current lake expansion rates are low (0 to <7 cm yr(-1) shoreline retreat) compared with other regions (similar to 30 cm yr(-1) or more). This thermokarst lake-rich region does not show evidence of extensive landscape lowering by lake drainage, nor of multiple lake generations within a basin. However, LiDAR images reveal linear "corrugations" (>5 m amplitude), deep thermo-erosional gullies, and features resembling lake drainage channels, suggesting that highly dynamic surface processes have previously shaped the landscape. Evidently, widespread early Holocene permafrost degradation and thermokarst lake initiation were followed by lake longevity and landscape stabilization, the latter possibly related to establishment of dense forest cover. Partial or complete drainage of three lakes in 2013 reveals that there is some contemporary landscape dynamism. Holocene landscape evolution in the study area differs from that described from other thermokarst-affected regions; regional responses to future environmental change may be equally individualistic. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Edwards, Mary] Univ Southampton, Geog & Environm, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Edwards, Mary] Univ Alaska, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Grosse, Guido] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Telegrafenberg A45, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [McDowell, Patricia] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Edwards, M (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Geog & Environm, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM m.e.edwards@soton.ac.uk; guido.grosse@awi.de; bjones@usgs.gov; pmcd@uoregon.edu RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011 OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141 FU ERC [338335]; [NSF-DPP 8303734]; [ARC-0732735] FX The late David M. Hopkins inspired our initial study and provided many insights into the thermokarst lakes and landscape of the Yukon Flats marginal upland. Bob Anderson, Pat Anderson, Nancy Bigelow, Les Cwynar, Peter Dunwiddie, Bruce Finney, Richard Grey, Dave Hopkins, Chris Panks, and Dave Yamaguchi all helped with fieldwork that contributed to this paper. The LiDAR images were supplied by the US Geological Survey. Aquatic shells were identified by Nora Foster. Minze Stuiver provided the radiocarbon age estimate for the base of SOT. The following grants supported this work: NSF-DPP 8303734 and ARC-0732735 to ME and ERC #338335 to GG. We thank Lesleigh Anderson and three anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 EI 1879-0968 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD JUL 1 PY 2016 VL 340 SI SI BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.01.018 PG 12 WC Geology SC Geology GA DP4BD UT WOS:000378439500003 ER PT J AU Laufenberg, JS Clark, JD Hooker, MJ Lowe, CL O'Connell-Goode, KC Troxler, JC Davidson, MM Chamberlain, MJ Chandler, RB AF Laufenberg, Jared S. Clark, Joseph D. Hooker, Michael J. Lowe, Carrie L. O'Connell-Goode, Kaitlin C. Troxler, Jesse C. Davidson, Maria M. Chamberlain, Michael J. Chandler, Richard B. TI Demographic Rates and Population Viability of Black Bears in Louisiana SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; capture-mark-recapture; demographics; hierarchical model; Louisiana black bear; population viability analysis; threatened species; Ursus americanus luteolus ID NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-REFUGE; MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; URSUS-AMERICANUS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LIFE-HISTORY; MORTALITY-RATES; GRIZZLY BEARS; NORTH-AMERICA AB The Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus) was reduced to a few small, fragmented, and isolated subpopulations in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley by the mid-twentieth century resulting from loss and fragmentation of habitat. In 1992, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) granted the Louisiana black bear threatened status under the United States Endangered Species Act of 1973. Since that time, a recovery plan was developed, a reintroduced population was established, and habitat recovery has occurred. The Recovery Plan states that a minimum of 2 populations must be viable (i.e., persistence probabilities over 100 years >0.95), 1 in the Tensas River Basin and 1 in the Atchafalaya River Basin. Consequently, our objectives were to 1) estimate demographic rates of Louisiana black bear subpopulations, 2) develop data-driven stochastic population projection models, and 3) determine how different projection model assumptions affect population trajectories and predictions about long-term persistence. Our overall goal was to assess long-term persistence of the bear subpopulations in Louisiana, individually and as a whole. We collected data using varying combinations of non-invasive DNA sampling, live capture, winter den visits, and radio monitoring from 2002 to 2012 in the 4 areas currently supporting breeding subpopulations in Louisiana: Tensas River Basin (TRB), Upper Atchafalaya River Basin (UARB), Lower Atchafalaya River Basin (LARB), and a recently reintroduced population at the Three Rivers Complex (TRC). From 2002 to 2012, we radio monitored fates of 86 adult females within the TRB and 43 in the TRC. Mean estimates of annual adult survival for the TRB and TRC were 0.997 and 0.990, respectively, when unknown fates were assumed alive and 0.970 and 0.926 when unknown fates were assumed dead. From 2003 to 2013, we observed 130 cub litters from 74 females in the TRB, and 74 cub litters from 45 females in the TRC. During the same period, we observed 43 yearling litters for 33 females in the TRB and 21 yearling litters for 19 females in the TRC. The estimated number of cubs and number of yearlings produced per breeding adult female was 0.47 and 0.20, respectively, in the TRB and 0.32 and 0.18 in the TRC. On the basis of matrix projection models, asymptotic growth rates ranged from 1.053 to 1.078 for the TRB and from 1.005 to 1.062 for the TRC, depending on how we treated unresolved fates of adult females. Persistence probabilities estimated from stochastic population models based on telemetry data ranged from 0.997 to 0.998 for the TRC subpopulation depending on model assumptions and were > 0.999 for the TRB regardless of model assumptions. We extracted DNA from hair collected at baited, barbed-wire enclosures in the TRB, UARB, and LARB to determine individual identities for capture-mark-recapture (CMR) analysis. We used those detection histories to estimate apparent survival (phi), per-capita recruitment (f), abundance (N), realized growth rate (lambda), and long-term viability, based on Bayesian hierarchical modeling methods that allowed estimation of temporal process variance and parameter uncertainty. Based on 23,312 hair samples, annual N for females in the TRB ranged from 133 to 164 during 2006-2012, depending on year and how detection heterogeneity was modeled. Geometric mean of lambda ranged from 0.996 to 1.002. In the UARB, we collected 11,643 hair samples from 2007 to 2012, from which estimates of N for females ranged from 23 to 43 during the study period, depending on detection heterogeneity model. The geometric mean of lambda ranged from 1.038 to 1.059. Estimated N for females in LARB ranged from 69 to 96, and annual lambda ranged from 0.80 to 1.11 based on 3,698 hair samples collected during 2010-2012, also depending on year and heterogeneity model. Probabilities of persistence over 100 years for the TRC and TRB based on stochastic matrix projection models that used vital rate estimates from telemetry data were >0.95 for all scenarios. Probability of persistence at the TRB and the UARB based on projection models that used vital rate estimates from CMR analyses ranged from 0.928 to 0.954 and from 0.906 to 0.959, respectively, depending on model assumptions. Data from the LARB were insufficient for a viability assessment. Thus, individual persistence probabilities for TRB and UARB did not meet the strict definition of viability (i.e., >0.95) under some model assumptions. However, the joint probability of bears persisting either in the TRB or UARB was >0.993 assuming individual population dynamics were independent and was >0.958 assuming dynamics were perfectly correlated. Furthermore, including the TRC increased the joint probability of bears persisting somewhere in the TRB, UARB, or TRC to > 0.999 based on the most pessimistic individual persistence estimates from those subpopulations. Therefore, if the intent of specifying that 2 subpopulations should be viable was to ensure the persistence of Louisiana black bears somewhere within its historical range, then the viability threshold was met. (C) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Laufenberg, Jared S.; Hooker, Michael J.; Lowe, Carrie L.; O'Connell-Goode, Kaitlin C.; Troxler, Jesse C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, 274 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Southern Appalachian Res Branch, 274 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Davidson, Maria M.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, 646 Cajundome Blvd,Suite 126, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Hooker, Michael J.; Chamberlain, Michael J.; Chandler, Richard B.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Laufenberg, Jared S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lowe, Carrie L.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 2315 North Discovery Pl, Spokane Valley, WA 99216 USA. [O'Connell-Goode, Kaitlin C.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 350 Carrol St, Eastpoint, FL 32328 USA. [Troxler, Jesse C.] Tennessee Valley Author, 400 West Summit Hill Dr,WT 11C-K, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Laufenberg, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jlaufenb@vols.utk.edu FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Roy O. Martin Timber Company; Black Bear Conservation Coalition; CoyPu Foundation; Louisiana State University; University of Tennessee; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding was provided by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Roy O. Martin Timber Company, Black Bear Conservation Coalition, the CoyPu Foundation, Louisiana State University, University of Tennessee, and U.S. Geological Survey. Special thanks go to D. Fuller (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) for logistical and contractual assistance and to T. White (University of Tennessee) who provided administrative support throughout this project. We gratefully acknowledge K. Van Why, J. F. Benson, S. Ginger, J. Yarkovich, A. C. Crook, and D. Gammons who collected much of the data for the study. We thank the many technicians and land owners that contributed to this project for their hard work and hospitality, respectively. Thanks also go to D. Paetkau for guidance with population genetics analyses and to J. Goad for conducting aerial telemetry. N. Andre and X. Velez-Liendo provided translations of the abstract. Finally, we extend our appreciation to the editor and 2 anonymous referees for their constructive and insightful comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 145 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 41 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0084-0173 EI 1938-5455 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 194 IS 1 BP 1 EP 37 DI 10.1002/wmon.1018 PG 37 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DP1TX UT WOS:000378273400001 ER PT J AU Carr, JA D'Odorico, P McGlathery, KJ Wiberg, PL AF Carr, Joel A. D'Odorico, Paolo McGlathery, Karen J. Wiberg, Patricia L. TI Spatially explicit feedbacks between seagrass meadow structure, sediment and light: Habitat suitability for seagrass growth SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Seagrass; Resilience; Shear partitioning; Bistable dynamics; Modeling; Sediment resuspension ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; WATER-QUALITY; POSITIVE FEEDBACKS; LANDSCAPE PATTERN; SIMULATION-MODEL; WAVE ATTENUATION; NORTH-CAROLINA; FLOW AB In shallow coastal bays where nutrient loading and riverine inputs are low, turbidity, and the consequent light environment are controlled by resuspension of bed sediments due to wind-waves and tidal currents. High sediment resuspension and low light environments can limit benthic primary productivity; however, both currents and waves are affected by the presence of benthic plants such as seagrass. This feedback between the presence of benthic primary producers such as seagrass and the consequent light environment has been predicted to induce bistable dynamics locally. However, these vegetated areas influence a larger area than they footprint, including a barren adjacent downstream area which exhibits reduced shear stresses. Here we explore through modeling how the patchy structure of seagrass meadows on a landscape may affect sediment resuspension and the consequent light environment due to the presence of this sheltered region. Heterogeneous vegetation covers comprising a mosaic of randomly distributed patches were generated to investigate the effect of patch modified hydrodynamics. Actual cover of vegetation on the landscape was used to facilitate comparisons across landscape realizations. Hourly wave and current shear stresses on the landscape along with suspended sediment concentration and light attenuation characteristics were then calculated and spatially averaged to examine how actual cover and mean water depth affect the bulk sediment and light environment. The results indicate that an effective cover, which incorporates the sheltering area, has important controls on the distributions of shear stress, suspended sediment, light environment, and consequent seagrass habitat suitability. Interestingly, an optimal habitat occurs within a depth range where, if actual cover is reduced past some threshold, the bulk light environment would no longer favor seagrass growth. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Carr, Joel A.; D'Odorico, Paolo; McGlathery, Karen J.; Wiberg, Patricia L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, 291 McCormick Rd,Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Carr, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Carr, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jac6t@virginia.edu RI D'Odorico, Paolo/A-5836-2008; OI Carr, Joel/0000-0002-9164-4156 FU Virginia Coast Reserve LTER project - National Science Foundation [DEB-0621014]; US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research and Development program FX Partial support of this study was provided by the Virginia Coast Reserve LTER project, which was supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0621014. We would like to thank David Carr for high speed computing and Ilgar Safak for tidal current modeling. We would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their insight and guidance.; Joel Carr acknowledges support from the US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research and Development program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 86 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 16 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 93 BP 315 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.09.001 PN B PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DO7AK UT WOS:000377934400014 ER PT J AU Beckon, WN AF Beckon, William N. TI A method for improving predictive modeling by taking into account lag time: Example of selenium bioaccumulation in a flowing system SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioaccumulation; Response time; Lag time; Se; Trophic level; Trophic transfer ID CRAYFISH PROCAMBARUS-CLARKII; TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; AQUATIC FOOD-CHAIN; GADUS-MORHUA-L.; DIETARY SELENIUM; TOXICITY; WATER; ACCUMULATION; ELIMINATION; FISH AB For bioaccumulative substances, efforts to predict concentrations in organisms at upper trophic levels, based on measurements of environmental exposure, have been confounded by the appreciable but hitherto unknown amount of time it may take for bioaccumulation to occur through various pathways and across several trophic transfers. The study summarized here demonstrates an objective method of estimating this lag time by testing a large array of potential lag times for selenium bioaccumulation, selecting the lag that provides the best regression between environmental exposure (concentration in ambient water) and concentration in the tissue of the target organism. Bioaccumulation lag is generally greater for organisms at higher trophic levels, reaching times of more than a year in piscivorous fish. Predictive modeling of bioaccumulation is improved appreciably by taking into account this lag. More generally, the method demonstrated here may improve the accuracy of predictive modeling in a wide variety of other cause-effect relationships in which lag time is substantial but inadequately known, in disciplines as diverse as climatology (e.g., the effect of greenhouse gases on sea levels) and economics (e.g., the effects of fiscal stimulus on employment). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Beckon, William N.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Suite W-2605,2800 Cottage Way, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Beckon, WN (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Suite W-2605,2800 Cottage Way, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. EM William_Beckon@fws.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 176 BP 172 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.04.023 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA DO4EL UT WOS:000377734500018 PM 27149556 ER PT J AU Tyser, RW Rolfhus, KR Wiener, JG Windels, SK Custer, TW Dummer, PM AF Tyser, Robin W. Rolfhus, Kristofer R. Wiener, James G. Windels, Steve K. Custer, Thomas W. Dummer, Paul M. TI Mercury Concentrations in Eggs of Red-Winged Blackbirds and Tree Swallows Breeding in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GREAT-LAKES REGION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; EXPERIMENTAL RESERVOIR; ENVIRONMENTAL MERCURY; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; ELEMENT EXPOSURE; WILD BIRDS; FOOD WEBS AB Most investigations of the environmental effects of mercury (Hg) have focused on aquatic food webs that include piscivorous fish or wildlife. However, recent investigations have shown that other species, including passerine songbirds, may also be at risk from exposure to methylmercury (MeHg). We quantified Hg concentrations in eggs of two species of songbirds, red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), nesting in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, USA. Geometric mean concentrations of total Hg (THg) were lower in red-winged blackbird eggs [218 and 107 ng/g dry weight (dw) for 2012 and 2013, respectively] than in tree swallow eggs (228 and 300 ng/g dw for 2012 and 2013, respectively), presumably reflecting differences in the trophic positions of these two species. Concentrations of MeHg averaged 98.4 % of THg in red-winged blackbird eggs. Levels of THg observed in this study were well below critical toxicological benchmarks commonly applied to eggs of avian species, suggesting these breeding populations were not adversely affected by exposure to MeHg. In red-winged blackbirds, concentrations of THg in eggs collected in 2012 were twice those in eggs collected in 2013. Hg levels in eggs of both species increased with date of clutch initiation. In red-winged blackbirds, for example, temporal patterns showed that a 3-week delay in clutch initiation increased egg THg by 60 %. These observations indicate that in ovo exposure of wetland birds to MeHg can vary significantly within nesting season as well as between years. C1 [Tyser, Robin W.; Rolfhus, Kristofer R.; Wiener, James G.] Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, 1725 State St, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Windels, Steve K.] Voyageurs Natl Pk, 360 Hwy 11 E, Int Falls, MN 56649 USA. [Custer, Thomas W.; Dummer, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Tyser, RW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, 1725 State St, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. EM rtyser@uwlax.edu OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 FU National Park Service; River Studies Center at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse (UWL); United States Geological Survey; National Park Service of the Great Lakes-Northern Forest Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit [P12AC10145, H6000082000]; University of Wisconsin System Distinguished Professors Program; UWL Foundation FX Financial support for this project was provided by the National Park Service, the River Studies Center at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse (UWL), and the United States Geological Survey. This article was prepared with funding from the National Park Service under Task Agreement P12AC10145 of the Great Lakes-Northern Forest Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit through Cooperative Agreement H6000082000 between the National Park Service and the University of Minnesota. Coauthor J. G. Wiener was supported by the University of Wisconsin System Distinguished Professors Program and by the UWL Foundation during this study. We are grateful for field support provided by Voyageurs National Park staff including Lisa Maass, Sarah Malick, and Bill Severud. We also thank Christine Custer for guidance in processing egg samples and review of the manuscript and Douglas Baumann for statistical advice. UWL undergraduates Carlton Folster, Jordan Ludwigson, Alex Ritchay, and Anne Tronnes, as well as graduate student Sean Bailey, provided technical assistance in the field and laboratory. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 71 IS 1 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s00244-016-0263-y PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DO7ZD UT WOS:000378000900003 PM 26801652 ER PT J AU Mu, C Zhang, TJ Schuster, PF Schaefer, K Wickland, KP Repert, DA Liu, L Schaefer, T Cheng, GD AF Mu, Cuicui Zhang, Tingjun Schuster, Paul F. Schaefer, Kevin Wickland, Kimberly P. Repert, Deborah A. Liu, Lin Schaefer, Tim Cheng, Guodong TI Carbon and geochemical properties of cryosols on the North Slope of Alaska (vol 100, pg 59, 2014) SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Mu, Cuicui; Cheng, Guodong] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Mu, Cuicui; Zhang, Tingjun] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Tingjun; Schaefer, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schuster, Paul F.; Wickland, Kimberly P.; Repert, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Liu, Lin] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Schaefer, Tim] Galmont Consulting, Chicago, IL USA. RP Zhang, TJ (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. EM tjzhang@lzu.edu.cn NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X EI 1872-7441 J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 127 BP 115 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2016.03.001 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA DO5ME UT WOS:000377826400013 ER PT J AU Alvioli, M Baum, RL AF Alvioli, M. Baum, R. L. TI Parallelization of the TRIGRS model for rainfall-induced landslides using the message passing interface SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE TRIGRS; Shallow landslides; MPI; Slope stability ID INFILTRATION AB We describe a parallel implementation of TRIGRS, the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Model for the timing and distribution of rainfall-induced shallow landslides. We have parallelized the four time-demanding execution modes of TRIGRS, namely both the saturated and unsaturated model with finite and infinite soil depth options, within the Message Passing Interface framework. In addition to new features of the code, we outline details of the parallel implementation and show the performance gain with respect to the serial code. Results are obtained both on commercial hardware and on a high-performance multi-node machine, showing the different limits of applicability of the new code. We also discuss the implications for the application of the model on large-scale areas and as a tool for real-time landslide hazard monitoring. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Alvioli, M.] CNR, IRPI, Via Madonna Alta 126, I-06128 Perugia, Italy. [Baum, R. L.] US Geol Survey, POB 25046,Mail Stop 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Alvioli, M (reprint author), CNR, IRPI, Via Madonna Alta 126, I-06128 Perugia, Italy. EM massimiliano.alvioli@irpi.cnr.it; baum@usgs.gov OI Baum, Rex/0000-0001-5337-1970; Alvioli, Massimiliano/0000-0003-1543-4349 FU Regione Umbria, under contract POR-FESR Umbria; DPC; CNR; CINECA award under the ISCRA initiative FX Mark Reid and Dianne Brien (both USGS) provided helpful advice and information with regard to implementation of code to export ijz and xmdv data. Salvatore Raia (formerly of CNR IRPI, Perugia, Italy) and Soni Yatheendradas (NASA) identified several minor issues with earlier versions of the program and made suggestions for improving the code that have been addressed in this revision. M. Alvioli was supported by a grant of the Regione Umbria, under contract POR-FESR Umbria 2007-2013, asse ii, attivita a1, azione 5, and by a grant of the DPC. M. Alvioli thanks CNR for a "Short Mobility Grant", 2014, during which part of this work was completed. M. Alvioli acknowledges the CINECA award under the ISCRA initiative, for the availability of high performance computing resources and support. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 81 BP 122 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.04.002 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO4CJ UT WOS:000377729100011 ER PT J AU Miselis, JL Andrews, BD Nicholson, RS Defne, Z Ganju, NK Navoy, A AF Miselis, Jennifer L. Andrews, Brian D. Nicholson, Robert S. Defne, Zafer Ganju, Neil K. Navoy, Anthony TI Evolution of Mid-Atlantic Coastal and Back-Barrier Estuary Environments in Response to a Hurricane: Implications for Barrier-Estuary Connectivity SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Barnegat Bay; Hurricane Sandy; Coastal change; Water quality; Geomorphology; Sediments; Numerical modeling ID WATER-QUALITY; STORM-SURGE; ISLAND; IMPACTS; MODEL; STRATIGRAPHY; MIGRATION; TRANSPORT; OVERWASH; SYSTEMS AB Assessments of coupled barrier island-estuary storm response are rare. Hurricane Sandy made landfall during an investigation in Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor estuary that included water quality monitoring, geomorphologic characterization, and numerical modeling; this provided an opportunity to characterize the storm response of the barrier island-estuary system. Barrier island morphologic response was characterized by significant changes in shoreline position, dune elevation, and beach volume; morphologic changes within the estuary were less dramatic with a net gain of only 200,000 m(3) of sediment. When observed, estuarine deposition was adjacent to the back-barrier shoreline or collocated with maximum estuary depths. Estuarine sedimentologic changes correlated well with bed shear stresses derived from numerically simulated storm conditions, suggesting that change is linked to winnowing from elevated storm-related wave-current interactions rather than deposition. Rapid storm-related changes in estuarine water level, turbidity, and salinity were coincident with minima in island and estuarine widths, which may have influenced the location of two barrier island breaches. Barrier-estuary connectivity, or the transport of sediment from barrier island to estuary, was influenced by barrier island land use and width. Coupled assessments like this one provide critical information about storm-related coastal and estuarine sediment transport that may not be evident from investigations that consider only one component of the coastal system. C1 [Miselis, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Andrews, Brian D.; Defne, Zafer; Ganju, Neil K.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Nicholson, Robert S.; Navoy, Anthony] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, 3450 Princeton Pike,Suite 110, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. RP Miselis, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jmiselis@usgs.gov OI Defne, Zafer/0000-0003-4544-4310; Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465; Andrews, Brian/0000-0003-1024-9400 FU New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; US Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX Funding for this project was provided by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and the US Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program. For their field support during geophysical data acquisition and sediment sampling, the authors would like to acknowledge the following: Emile Bergeron, Dann Blackwood, Bill Danforth, Dave Foster, Barry Irwin, Eric Moore, Aaron Turecek, and Chuck Worley, all currently or formerly with the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center. The authors would also like to acknowledge Rodolfo Troche and Emily Klipp, formerly of the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, for lidar data processing support. Noreen Buster assisted with figures. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2016 VL 39 IS 4 BP 916 EP 934 DI 10.1007/s12237-015-0057-x PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DO5BM UT WOS:000377798600003 ER PT J AU Noe, GB Hupp, CR Bernhardt, CE Krauss, KW AF Noe, Gregory B. Hupp, Cliff R. Bernhardt, Christopher E. Krauss, Ken W. TI Contemporary Deposition and Long-Term Accumulation of Sediment and Nutrients by Tidal Freshwater Forested Wetlands Impacted by Sea Level Rise SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Sedimentation; Salinification; Wetland; Freshwater; Oligohaline; Nutrient ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; PHOSPHORUS MINERALIZATION; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; SOIL PROPERTIES; NITROGEN; MARSHES; RIVER; USA; ACCRETION; RATES AB Contemporary deposition (artificial marker horizon, 3.5 years) and long-term accumulation rates (Pb-210 profiles, similar to 150 years) of sediment and associated carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured in wetlands along the tidal Savannah and Waccamaw rivers in the southeastern USA. Four sites along each river spanned an upstream-to-downstream salinification gradient, from upriver tidal freshwater forested wetland (TFFW), through moderately and highly salt-impacted forested wetlands, to oligohaline marsh downriver. Contemporary deposition rates (sediment, C, N, and P) were greatest in oligohaline marsh and lowest in TFFW along both rivers. Greater rates of deposition in oligohaline and salt-stressed forested wetlands were associated with a shift to greater clay and metal content that is likely associated with a change from low availability of watershed-derived sediment to TFFW and to greater availability of a coastal sediment source to oligohaline wetlands. Long-term accumulation rates along the Waccamaw River had the opposite spatial pattern compared to contemporary deposition, with greater rates in TFFW that declined to oligohaline marsh. Long-term sediment and elemental mass accumulation rates also were 3-9x lower than contemporary deposition rates. In comparison to other studies, sediment and associated nutrient accumulation in TFFW are lower than downriver/estuarine freshwater, oligohaline, and salt marshes, suggesting a reduced capacity for surface sedimentation (short-term) as well as shallow soil processes (long-term sedimentation) to offset sea level rise in TFFW. Nonetheless, their potentially large spatial extent suggests that TFFW have a large impact on the transport and fate of sediment and nutrients in tidal rivers and estuaries. C1 [Noe, Gregory B.; Hupp, Cliff R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Bernhardt, Christopher E.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Krauss, Ken W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Noe, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM gnoe@usgs.gov RI wang, baylor09/C-5190-2009; OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program; U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX We thank Jackie Batson, Ed Schenk, Nick Ostroski, Andrew Kunz, Scott Ensign, Kristin Wolf, Sara Ulrich, and Marci Marot for field and laboratory assistance. Support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program and the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program. Comments from reviewers were particularly helpful for improving the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2016 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1006 EP 1019 DI 10.1007/s12237-016-0066-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DO5BM UT WOS:000377798600009 ER PT J AU Rosencranz, JA Ganju, NK Ambrose, RF Brosnahan, SM Dickhudt, PJ Guntenspergen, GR MacDonald, GM Takekawa, JY Thorne, KM AF Rosencranz, Jordan A. Ganju, Neil K. Ambrose, Richard F. Brosnahan, Sandra M. Dickhudt, Patrick J. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. MacDonald, Glen M. Takekawa, John Y. Thorne, Karen M. TI Balanced Sediment Fluxes in Southern California's Mediterranean-Climate Zone Salt Marshes SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Suspended sediment fluxes; Vertical accretion; Mediterranean climate; Tidal creeks; Salt marshes ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; COASTAL WETLANDS; ACCRETION; ESTUARY; EVOLUTION; ELEVATION; RESPONSES; SENSORS; RATES AB Salt marsh elevation and geomorphic stability depends on mineral sedimentation. Many Mediterranean-climate salt marshes along southern California, USA coast import sediment during El Nio storm events, but sediment fluxes and mechanisms during dry weather are potentially important for marsh stability. We calculated tidal creek sediment fluxes within a highly modified, sediment-starved, 1.5-km(2) salt marsh (Seal Beach) and a less modified 1-km(2) marsh (Mugu) with fluvial sediment supply. We measured salt marsh plain suspended sediment concentration and vertical accretion using single stage samplers and marker horizons. At Seal Beach, a 2014 storm yielded 39 and 28 g/s mean sediment fluxes and imported 12,000 and 8800 kg in a western and eastern channel. Western channel storm imports offset 8700 kg exported during 2 months of dry weather, while eastern channel storm imports augmented 9200 kg imported during dry weather. During the storm at Mugu, suspended sediment concentrations on the marsh plain increased by a factor of four; accretion was 1-2 mm near creek levees. An exceptionally high tide sequence yielded 4.4 g/s mean sediment flux, importing 1700 kg: 20 % of Mugu's dry weather fluxes. Overall, low sediment fluxes were observed, suggesting that these salt marshes are geomorphically stable during dry weather conditions. Results suggest storms and high lunar tides may play large roles, importing sediment and maintaining dry weather sediment flux balances for southern California salt marshes. However, under future climate change and sea level rise scenarios, results suggest that balanced sediment fluxes lead to marsh elevational instability based on estimated mineral sediment deficits. C1 [Rosencranz, Jordan A.; Ambrose, Richard F.; MacDonald, Glen M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ganju, Neil K.; Brosnahan, Sandra M.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal, Woods Hole, MA 02556 USA. [Ganju, Neil K.; Brosnahan, Sandra M.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Marine Sci, Woods Hole, MA 02556 USA. [Ambrose, Richard F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Dickhudt, Patrick J.] US Army Corps Engineers, Field Res Facil, Kitty Hawk, NC 27949 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Superior, WI 54880 USA. [MacDonald, Glen M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Rosencranz, Jordan A.; Takekawa, John Y.; Thorne, Karen M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] Natl Audubon Soc, Div Sci, 220 Montgomery St, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. RP Rosencranz, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.; Rosencranz, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM jrosencranz@usgs.gov OI Ambrose, Richard/0000-0001-8653-6487; Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 FU Region 8 US Fish & Wildlife Service Inventory and Monitoring Program; Southwest Climate Science Center; US Geological Survey (USGS) Western Ecological Research Center; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program; USGS Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program FX The authors thank Tristan Edgarian, Chase Freeman, Arianna Goodman, Jimmie Lambert, Katharine Lovett, Katherine Powelson, and Yareli Sanchez for their technical expertise and field assistance. We would like to thank Region 8 US Fish & Wildlife Service Inventory and Monitoring Program, the Southwest Climate Science Center, US Geological Survey (USGS) Western Ecological Research Center, USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program, and USGS Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program for funding support. The authors would like to thank Andy Yuen and Kirk Gilligan, representing Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge, Region 8 US Fish & Wildlife Service Refuges for access and field support. We also would like to thank Martin Ruane from Naval Base Ventura County Point Mugu for access and permission to conduct study. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2016 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1035 EP 1049 DI 10.1007/s12237-015-0056-y PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DO5BM UT WOS:000377798600011 ER PT J AU Hestir, EL Schoellhamer, DH Greenberg, J Morgan-King, T Ustin, SL AF Hestir, Erin Lee Schoellhamer, David H. Greenberg, Jonathan Morgan-King, Tara Ustin, Susan L. TI The Effect of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Expansion on a Declining Turbidity Trend in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV); Turbidity; Suspended sediment; San Francisco Estuary ID FRANCISCO ESTUARY; PELAGIC FISHES; SHALLOW LAKES; MACROPHYTES; CALIFORNIA; ECOSYSTEM; SEDIMENT; PATTERNS; PHYTOPLANKTON; CONSEQUENCES AB Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) has well-documented effects on water clarity. SAV beds can slow water movement and reduce bed shear stress, promoting sedimentation and reducing suspension. However, estuaries have multiple controls on turbidity that make it difficult to determine the effect of SAV on water clarity. In this study, we investigated the effect of primarily invasive SAV expansion on a concomitant decline in turbidity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. The objective of this study was to separate the effects of decreasing sediment supply from the watershed from increasing SAV cover to determine the effect of SAV on the declining turbidity trend. SAV cover was determined by airborne hyperspectral remote sensing and turbidity data from long-term monitoring records. The turbidity trends were corrected for the declining sediment supply using suspended-sediment concentration data from a station immediately upstream of the Delta. We found a significant negative trend in turbidity from 1975 to 2008, and when we removed the sediment supply signal from the trend it was still significant and negative, indicating that a factor other than sediment supply was responsible for part of the turbidity decline. Turbidity monitoring stations with high rates of SAV expansion had steeper and more significant turbidity trends than those with low SAV cover. Our findings suggest that SAV is an important (but not sole) factor in the turbidity decline, and we estimate that 21-70 % of the total declining turbidity trend is due to SAV expansion. C1 [Hestir, Erin Lee] N Carolina State Univ, Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hestir, Erin Lee; Greenberg, Jonathan; Ustin, Susan L.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Spatial Technol & Remote Sensing, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schoellhamer, David H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schoellhamer, David H.; Morgan-King, Tara] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Greenberg, Jonathan] Univ Illinois, Geog & GI Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Hestir, EL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.; Hestir, EL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Spatial Technol & Remote Sensing, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM elhestir@ncsu.edu RI Hestir, Erin/B-1288-2012 OI Greenberg, Jonathan/0000-0001-8435-9077; Hestir, Erin/0000-0002-4673-5745 FU California Department of Water Resources [460008137-T4]; US Bureau of Reclamation; California Department of Boating and Waterways [03-105-114] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Interagency Ecological Program through the California Department of Water Resources contract 460008137-T4 to UC Davis and through the US Bureau of Reclamation to the US Geological Survey. Additional support was provided by the California Department of Boating and Waterways agreement 03-105-114. Helpful suggestions to improve this manuscript were provided by M. J. Santos, L. Brown, N. Rybicki, P. Work, C. Ade, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2016 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1100 EP 1112 DI 10.1007/s12237-015-0055-z PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DO5BM UT WOS:000377798600015 ER PT J AU Rosencranz, JA Ganju, NK Ambrose, RF Brosnahan, SM Dickhudt, PJ Guntenspergen, GR MacDonald, GM Takekawa, JY Thorne, KM AF Rosencranz, Jordan A. Ganju, Neil K. Ambrose, Richard F. Brosnahan, Sandra M. Dickhudt, Patrick J. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. MacDonald, Glen M. Takekawa, John Y. Thorne, Karen M. TI Balanced Sediment Fluxes in Southern California's Mediterranean-Climate Zone Salt Marshes (vol 39, pg 1035, 2016) SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Correction C1 [Rosencranz, Jordan A.; Ambrose, Richard F.; MacDonald, Glen M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ganju, Neil K.; Brosnahan, Sandra M.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02556 USA. [Ambrose, Richard F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Dickhudt, Patrick J.] US Army, Corps Engineers, Field Res Facil, Kitty Hawk, NC 27949 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Superior, WI 54880 USA. [MacDonald, Glen M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Rosencranz, Jordan A.; Takekawa, John Y.; Thorne, Karen M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] Natl Audubon Soc, Div Sci, 220 Montgomery St, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. RP Rosencranz, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.; Rosencranz, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM jrosencranz@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2016 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1296 EP 1297 DI 10.1007/s12237-016-0077-1 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DO5BM UT WOS:000377798600032 ER PT J AU Nelson, JM Shimizu, Y Abe, T Asahi, K Gamou, M Inoue, T Iwasaki, T Kakinuma, T Kawamura, S Kimura, I Kyuka, T McDonald, RR Nabi, M Nakatsugawa, M Simoes, FR Takebayashi, H Watanabe, Y AF Nelson, Jonathan M. Shimizu, Yasuyuki Abe, Takaaki Asahi, Kazutake Gamou, Mineyuki Inoue, Takuya Iwasaki, Toshiki Kakinuma, Takaharu Kawamura, Satomi Kimura, Ichiro Kyuka, Tomoko McDonald, Richard R. Nabi, Mohamed Nakatsugawa, Makoto Simoes, Francisco R. Takebayashi, Hiroshi Watanabe, Yasunori TI The international river interface cooperative: Public domain flow and morphodynamics software for education and applications SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Morphodynamics; Rivers ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CHANNELS; STREAMS; BANKS; MODEL AB This paper describes a new, public-domain interface for modeling flow, sediment transport and morphodynamics in rivers and other geophysical flows. The interface is named after the International River Interface Cooperative (iRIC), the group that constructed the interface and many of the current solvers included in iRIC. The interface is entirely free to any user and currently houses thirteen models ranging from simple one-dimensional models through three-dimensional large-eddy simulation models. Solvers are only loosely coupled to the interface so it is straightforward to modify existing solvers or to introduce other solvers into the system. Six of the most widely-used solvers are described in detail including example calculations to serve as an aid for users choosing what approach might be most appropriate for their own applications. The example calculations range from practical computations of bed evolution in natural rivers to highly detailed predictions of the development of small-scale bedforms on an initially flat bed. The remaining solvers are also briefly described. Although the focus of most solvers is coupled flow and morphodynamics, several of the solvers are also specifically aimed at providing flood inundation predictions over large spatial domains. Potential users can download the application, solvers, manuals, and educational materials including detailed tutorials at www.-i-ric.org. The iRIC development group encourages scientists and engineers to use the tool and to consider adding their own methods to the iRIC suite of tools. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nelson, Jonathan M.; Iwasaki, Toshiki; McDonald, Richard R.; Simoes, Francisco R.] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Shimizu, Yasuyuki; Kimura, Ichiro; Kyuka, Tomoko; Nabi, Mohamed; Watanabe, Yasunori] Hokkaido Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Abe, Takaaki; Inoue, Takuya; Kakinuma, Takaharu; Kawamura, Satomi] CERI, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Asahi, Kazutake] RiverLink Corp, Tokyo, Japan. [Gamou, Mineyuki] Gamou Intelligent Technol Ltd, Tokyo, Japan. [Iwasaki, Toshiki] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Nakatsugawa, Makoto] Muroran Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn, Muroran, Hokkaido 050, Japan. [Takebayashi, Hiroshi] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto, Japan. RP Nelson, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO USA. EM jmn@usgs.gov OI McDonald, Richard/0000-0002-0703-0638; Iwasaki, Toshiki/0000-0002-7196-3619 FU River Center of Hokkaido FX The iRIC group would like to acknowledge the important contributions of Keisuke Inoue and his colleagues at Mizuho as the architects of the latest versions of the iRIC interface. We further acknowledge the River Center of Hokkaido for supporting the efforts of the Mizuho group. Finally, we would like to recognize the support offered by all the government agencies, universities and private entities that employ the members of the iRIC group, each of which has provided staffing and support to help create this community product. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 93 BP 62 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.09.017 PN A PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DN7YI UT WOS:000377295700006 ER PT J AU Legleiter, CJ Stegman, TK Overstreet, BT AF Legleiter, Carl J. Stegman, Tobin K. Overstreet, Brandon T. TI Spectrally based mapping of riverbed composition SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Field spectroscopy; Sediment grain size; Submerged aquatic vegetation ID GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; JACKSON LAKE DAM; CORAL-REEF; GRAIN-SIZE; SUN GLINT; WATER HABITATS; RANDOM FORESTS; NATIONAL-PARK; SNAKE RIVER; IMAGERY AB Remote sensing methods provide an efficient means of characterizing fluvial systems. This study evaluated the potential to map riverbed composition based on in situ and/or remote measurements of reflectance. Field spectra and substrate photos from the Snake River, Wyoming, USA, were used to identify different sediment facies and degrees of algal development and to quantify their optical characteristics. We hypothesized that accounting for the effects of depth and water column attenuation to isolate the reflectance of the streambed would enhance distinctions among bottom types and facilitate substrate classification. A bottom reflectance retrieval algorithm adapted from coastal research yielded realistic spectra for the 450 to 700 nm range; but bottom reflectance based substrate classifications, generated using a random forest technique, were no more accurate than classifications derived from above-water field spectra. Additional hypothesis testing indicated that a combination of reflectance magnitude (brightness) and indices of spectral shape provided the most accurate riverbed classifications. Convolving field spectra to the response functions of a multispectral satellite and a hyperspectral imaging system did not reduce classification accuracies, implying that high spectral resolution was not essential. Supervised classifications of algal density produced from hyperspectral data and an inferred bottom reflectance image were not highly accurate, but unsupervised classification of the bottom reflectance image revealed distinct spectrally based clusters, suggesting that such an image could provide additional river information. We attribute the failure of bottom reflectance retrieval to yield more reliable substrate maps to a latent correlation between depth and bottom type. Accounting for the effects of depth might have eliminated a key distinction among substrates and thus reduced discriminatory power. Although further, more systematic study across a broader range of fluvial environments is needed to substantiate our initial results, this case study suggests that bed composition in shallow, clear-flowing rivers potentially could be mapped remotely. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Legleiter, Carl J.] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, 4620 Technol Dr,Suite 400, Golden, CO 80403 USA. [Legleiter, Carl J.; Stegman, Tobin K.; Overstreet, Brandon T.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Legleiter, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, 4620 Technol Dr,Suite 400, Golden, CO 80403 USA. EM cjl@usgs.gov OI Legleiter, Carl/0000-0003-0940-8013 FU Office of Naval Research [N000141010873, N000141210737]; National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping; National Science Foundation Division of Earth Sciences Instrumentation and Facilities Program [EAR1339015] FX This study was funded by the Office of Naval Research (N000141010873 and N000141210737) and a grant from the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping, funded by the National Science Foundation Division of Earth Sciences Instrumentation and Facilities Program (EAR1339015). The National Park Service granted permission to collect field measurements and conduct remote sensing flights within Grand Teton National Park. The University of Wyoming National Park Service Research Center provided logistical support. Chip Rawlins and Annie Toth assisted with field data collection. David Gilvear, Paul Grams, Keith Lucey, and an anonymous reviewer provided useful reviews. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUL 1 PY 2016 VL 264 BP 61 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.04.006 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DN8JG UT WOS:000377324400006 ER PT J AU Remo, JWF Heine, RA Ickes, BS AF Remo, Jonathan W. F. Heine, Reuben A. Ickes, Brian S. TI Particle size distribution of main-channel-bed sediments along the upper Mississippi River, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bed sediments; Upper Mississippi River; River engineering; Downstream fining ID MASS-BALANCE; DOWNSTREAM; DAMS; FLOODPLAIN; ILLINOIS; HABITAT; VALLEY; MIDDLE; FORM; POOL AB In this study, we compared pre-lock-and-dam (ca. 1925) with a modern longitudinal survey of main-channel bed sediments along a 740-km segment of the upper Mississippi River (UMR) between Davenport, IA, and Cairo, IL. This comparison was undertaken to gain a better understanding of how bed sediments are distributed longitudinally and to assess change since the completion of the UMR lock and dam navigation system and Missouri River dams (i.e., mid-twentieth century). The comparison of the historic and modern longitudinal bed sediment surveys showed similar bed sediment sizes and distributions along the study segment with the majority (>90%) of bed sediment samples having a median diameter (D-50) of fine to coarse sand. The fine tail (<= D-10) of the sediment size distributions was very fine to medium sand, and the coarse tail (>= D-90) of sediment-size distribution was coarse sand to gravel. Coarsest sediments in both surveys were found within or immediately downstream of bedrock-floored reaches. Statistical analysis revealed that the particle-size distributions between the survey samples were statistically identical, suggesting no overall difference in main-channel-bed sediment-size distribution between 1925 and present. This was a surprising result given the magnitude of river engineering undertaken along the study segment over the past-90 years. The absence of substantial differences in main channel -bed-sediment size suggests that flow competencies within the highly engineered navigation channel today are similar to conditions within the less-engineered historic channel. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Remo, Jonathan W. F.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Resources, 1000 Faner Dr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Heine, Reuben A.] Augustana Coll, Dept Geog, Swenson Geosci 207, Rock Isl, IL 61201 USA. [Ickes, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed RD, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Remo, JWF (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Resources, 1000 Faner Dr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM diamict@siu.edu OI Remo, Jonathan/0000-0002-8208-2091 FU Augustana College's Student-Faculty Academic Partnership Grant; Summer Faculty Grant FX We thank the undergraduate students from Augustana College including Miles Lampo, Jeremy Sundburg, and Bradly Gaskins who assisted in the collection and analysis of the bed sediment samples. Also, we offer special thanks to Sallie Heine for her work in sieving samples and to Drs. David Heine and Adam Kaul for their assistance in data collection. We also wish to thank Jeff Houser, Bruce Roads, Colin Belby, and Richard Marston for their constructive suggestions for improving this manuscript. Finally, this work would not have been possible without funding from Augustana College's Student-Faculty Academic Partnership Grant and Summer Faculty Grant. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUL 1 PY 2016 VL 264 BP 118 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.04.012 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DN8JG UT WOS:000377324400010 ER PT J AU Pan, ZG Glennie, CL Fernandez-Diaz, JC Legleiter, CJ Overstreet, B AF Pan, Zhigang Glennie, Craig L. Fernandez-Diaz, Juan Carlos Legleiter, Carl J. Overstreet, Brandon TI Fusion of LiDAR Orthowaveforms and Hyperspectral Imagery for Shallow River Bathymetry and Turbidity Estimation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Bathymetry; full-waveform light detection and ranging (LiDAR); hyperspectral imagery; support vector regression (SVR); turbidity ID SUPPORT VECTOR REGRESSION; WAVE-FORM LIDAR; AIRBORNE LIDAR; WATER; CLASSIFICATION; FEATURES; HABITAT; TERRAIN; DEPTHS AB We propose an approach to voxelize bathymetric full-waveform LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) to generate orthowaveforms and use them to estimate shallow water bathymetry and turbidity with a nonparametric support vector regression (SVR) method. Two distinct shallow rivers were investigated ranging from clear to turbid water; hyperspectral imagery and traditional full-waveform LiDAR processing were also investigated as a baseline for comparison with the proposed orthowaveform strategy. The orthowaveform showed significant correlation to water depth in both scenarios and outperformed hyperspectral imagery for water depth estimation in more turbid water. The orthowaveforms showed similar performance to full-waveform LiDAR point observations for bathymetry estimation in clear water and outperformed the bathymetry performance of full-waveform processing in turbid water. The orthowaveforms also showed similar performance to hyperspectral imagery for predicting water turbidity in turbid water, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.32 NTU. The fusion of both hyperspectral imagery and orthowaveforms was also investigated and gave superior performance to using either data set alone. The fused data set was able to estimate depth in clear and turbid water with an RMSE of 10 and 21 cm, respectively, and turbidity with an RMSE of 1.16 NTU. C1 [Pan, Zhigang; Glennie, Craig L.; Fernandez-Diaz, Juan Carlos] Univ Houston, Geosensing Syst Engn & Sci Program, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Legleiter, Carl J.; Overstreet, Brandon] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Legleiter, Carl J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA. RP Pan, ZG (reprint author), Univ Houston, Geosensing Syst Engn & Sci Program, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM pzhigang@uh.edu; clglennie@uh.edu; jfernan4@central.uh.edu; Carl.Legleiter@uwyo.edu; boverstr@uwyo.edu OI Legleiter, Carl/0000-0003-0940-8013 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) through National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping [EAR 1339015]; Office of Naval Research [N000141010873, N000141210737]; NSF [EAR 1339015] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping under Grant EAR 1339015. The Blue/Colorado River data collection was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Award N000141010873 and Award N000141210737 and by a supplement from the NSF to the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping under Grant EAR 1339015. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2016 VL 54 IS 7 BP 4165 EP 4177 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2538089 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DO0OO UT WOS:000377478400034 ER PT J AU Selkowitz, DJ Forster, RR AF Selkowitz, David J. Forster, Richard R. TI Automated mapping of persistent ice and snow cover across the western US with Landsat SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Glaciers; Snow and ice; Landsat ID 20TH-CENTURY GLACIER CHANGE; COMPLETE INVENTORY; THEMATIC MAPPER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-PARK; WASHINGTON; IMAGERY; SURFACE AB We implemented an automated approach for mapping persistent ice and snow cover (PISC) across the conterminous western U.S. using all available Landsat TM and ETM+ scenes acquired during the late summer/early fall period between 2010 and 2014. Two separate validation approaches indicate this dataset provides a more accurate representation of glacial ice and perennial snow cover for the region than either the U.S. glacier database derived from US Geological Survey (USGS) Digital Raster Graphics (DRG) maps (based on aerial photography primarily from the 1960s-1980s) or the National Land Cover Database 2011 perennial ice and snow cover class. Our 2010-2014 Landsat-derived dataset indicates 28% less glacier and perennial snow cover than the USGS DRG dataset. There are larger differences between the datasets in some regions, such as the Rocky Mountains of Northwest Wyoming and Southwest Montana, where the Landsat dataset indicates 54% less PISC area. Analysis of Landsat scenes from 1987-1988 and 2008-2010 for three regions using a more conventional, semi-automated approach indicates substantial decreases in glaciers and perennial snow cover that correlate with differences between PISC mapped by the USGS DRG dataset and the automated Landsat-derived dataset. This suggests that most of the differences in PISC between the USGS DRG and the Landsat-derived dataset can be attributed to decreases in PISC, as opposed to differences between mapping techniques. While the dataset produced by the automated Landsat mapping approach is not designed to serve as a conventional glacier inventory that provides glacier outlines and attribute information, it allows for an updated estimate of PISC for the conterminous U.S. as well as for smaller regions. Additionally, the new dataset highlights areas where decreases in PISC have been most significant over the past 25-50 years. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS). C1 [Selkowitz, David J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Selkowitz, David J.; Forster, Richard R.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, 260 S Cent Campus Dr,Rm 270, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Selkowitz, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM dselkowitz@usgs.gov; rick.forster@geog.utah.edu FU Land Remote Sensing Program of the Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area of the US Geological Survey FX Mention of a particular product does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. federal government. The feedback we received from Dennis Dye of the USGS as well as two anonymous reviewers resulted in substantial improvements to the manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the Land Remote Sensing Program of the Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area of the US Geological Survey. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 EI 1872-8235 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 117 BP 126 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.04.001 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DN8ER UT WOS:000377312500011 ER PT J AU Laske, SM Haynes, TB Rosenberger, AE Koch, JC Wipfli, MS Whitman, M Zimmerman, CE AF Laske, Sarah M. Haynes, Trevor B. Rosenberger, Amanda E. Koch, Joshua C. Wipfli, Mark S. Whitman, Matthew Zimmerman, Christian E. TI Surface water connectivity drives richness and composition of Arctic lake fish assemblages SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic fish; fish assemblages; multispecies occupancy model; species richness; surface water connectivity ID STICKLEBACK PUNGITIUS-PUNGITIUS; SPECIES RICHNESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REGIONAL INFLUENCES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FLOODPLAIN LAKES; PATTERNS; STREAM; OCCUPANCY; DIVERSITY AB Surface water connectivity can influence the richness and composition of fish assemblages, particularly in harsh environments where colonisation factors and access to seasonal refugia are required for species persistence. Studies regarding influence of connectivity on Arctic fish distributions are limited and are rarely applied to whole assemblage patterns. To increase our understanding of how surface water connectivity and related hydrologic variables influence assemblage patterns, we investigated species richness and composition of Arctic lake fishes over a large region, 8500km(2), of the central Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska. We collected fish presence/non-detection data from 102 lakes and used a hierarchical multispecies occupancy framework to derive species richness and inform species composition patterns. Our mean estimate of regional richness was 12.3 (SD 0.5) species. Presence of a permanent channel connection was an overriding factor affecting species richness (mean 3.6, 95% CI 3.1-4.9), presumably driving lake colonisation potential. In lakes without a permanent channel connection, data suggest richness (mean 2.0, 95% CI 1.7-3.3) increased with the availability of in-lake winter refugia and with the potential of ephemeral connections during spring floods. Fish species functional traits and environmental faunal filters contributed to patterns of richness and assemblage composition. Composition corresponded with richness in a coherent manner, where each successive level of richness contained several discrete assemblages that showed similar responses to the environment. Lakes with permanent channel connections contained both widespread and restricted species, while the species-poor lakes that lacked a connection contained mainly widespread species. This work provides useful baseline information on the processes that drive the relations between patch connectivity and fish species richness and assemblage composition. The environmental processes that organise fish assemblages in Arctic lakes are likely to change in a warming climate. C1 [Laske, Sarah M.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Haynes, Trevor B.] Univ Alaska, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Arctic Beringia Program, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Haynes, Trevor B.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rosenberger, Amanda E.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Koch, Joshua C.; Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Whitman, Matthew] US Bur Land Management, Arctic Field Off, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Laske, SM (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.; Laske, SM (reprint author), 216 Irving,POB 757020, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM slaske@alaska.edu OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688; Koch, Joshua/0000-0001-7180-6982 FU Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative of the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area; Alaska Department of Fish Game; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation FX We thank J. Adams, S. Ayers, T. Buckley, B. Carter, B. Couturier, R. Dorendorf, E. Dykstra, B. Estensen, T. Fondell, C. Fong, S. Furusawa, K. Gurney, C. Johnson, L. Koloski, C. Margolin, J. McCarter, J. McFarland, J. Milhous, D. Nigro, K. Overduijn, V. Padula, B. Price, T. Shoemaker, G. Smart, S. Stortz, A. Tate and B. Uher-Koch and for logistical and field support. We also thank R. Taylor and E. Zipkin for their advice on statistical analyses; M. Carey for suggestions during manuscript preparation; J. Schmutz for providing logistical support and feedback on the manuscript; J. Schmidt for advice on statistical analyses and for reviewing the manuscript; three anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions and comments on earlier drafts; D. Verbyla for support during project conception and the staff of the Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit, the Institute of Arctic Biology and the School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences Academics Office for support. J. Schmutz was awarded funding for this study through the Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative of the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area and by a State Wildlife Grant awarded through Alaska Department of Fish & Game. T. Haynes obtained additional funding from a postgraduate scholarship provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and a Changing Alaska Science Education graduate fellowship provided by the National Science Foundation. This study was performed under University of Alaska Fairbanks IACUC protocol #148907 and #233290. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 61 IS 7 BP 1090 EP 1104 DI 10.1111/fwb.12769 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DN6YU UT WOS:000377223300005 ER PT J AU Johnson, KL Hayes, GP Herrmann, RB Benz, HM McNamara, DE Bergman, E AF Johnson, Kendra L. Hayes, Gavin P. Herrmann, Robert B. Benz, Harley M. McNamara, Dan E. Bergman, Eric TI RMT focal plane sensitivity to seismic network geometry and faulting style SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Time-series analysis; Earthquake source observations; Seismicity and tectonics ID MOMENT-TENSOR INVERSION; EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE; SOURCE MECHANISM; UNITED-STATES; REGIONAL DATA; WAVE SPECTRA; RESOLUTION; LIMITS; AREA AB Modern tectonic studies often use regional moment tensors (RMTs) to interpret the seismotectonic framework of an earthquake or earthquake sequence; however, despite extensive use, little existing work addresses RMT parameter uncertainty. Here, we quantify how network geometry and faulting style affect RMT sensitivity. We examine how data-model fits change with fault plane geometry (strike and dip) for varying station configurations. We calculate the relative data fit for incrementally varying geometries about a best-fitting solution, applying our workflow to real and synthetic seismograms for both real and hypothetical station distributions and earthquakes. Initially, we conduct purely observational tests, computing RMTs from synthetic seismograms for hypothetical earthquakes and a series of well-behaved network geometries. We then incorporate real data and station distributions from the International Maule Aftershock Deployment (IMAD), which recorded aftershocks of the 2010 MW 8.8 Maule earthquake, and a set of regional stations capturing the ongoing earthquake sequence in Oklahoma and southern Kansas. We consider RMTs computed under three scenarios: (1) real seismic records selected for high data quality; (2) synthetic seismic records with noise computed for the observed source-station pairings and (3) synthetic seismic records with noise computed for all possible station-source pairings. To assess RMT sensitivity for each test, we observe the 'fit falloff', which portrays how relative fit changes when strike or dip varies incrementally; we then derive the ranges of acceptable strikes and dips by identifying the span of solutions with relative fits larger than 90 per cent of the best fit. For the azimuthally incomplete IMAD network, Scenario 3 best constrains fault geometry, with average ranges of 45 degrees and 31 degrees for strike and dip, respectively. In Oklahoma, Scenario 3 best constrains fault dip with an average range of 46 degrees; however, strike is best constrained by Scenario 1, with a range of 26 degrees. We draw two main conclusions from this study. (1) Station distribution impacts our ability to constrain RMTs using waveform time-series; however, in some tectonic settings, faulting style also plays a significant role and (2) increasing station density and data quantity (both the number of stations and the number of individual channels) does not necessarily improve RMT constraint. These results may be useful when organizing future seismic deployments (e.g. by concentrating stations in alignment with anticipated nodal planes), and in computing RMTs, either by guiding a more rigorous data selection process for input data or informing variable weighting among the selected data (e.g. by eliminating the transverse component when strike-slip mechanisms are expected). C1 [Johnson, Kendra L.; Hayes, Gavin P.; Benz, Harley M.; McNamara, Dan E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Johnson, Kendra L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Herrmann, Robert B.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Bergman, Eric] Global Seismol Serv, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Johnson, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kejohnso@mines.edu FU Seismological Facilities for the Advancement of Geoscience and Earthscope (SAGE) Proposal of the National Science Foundation [EAR-1261681]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-1261681, EAR-1 261 681]; GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam; Universidad de Chile, Santiago; Universidad de Concepcion; Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris; CNRS-INSU; University of Liverpool FX The facilities of Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services and the IRIS Data Management Centre were used for access to waveforms, related metadata, and/or derived products used in this study. IRIS Data Services are funded through the Seismological Facilities for the Advancement of Geoscience and Earthscope (SAGE) Proposal of the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement EAR-1261681. The International Maule Aftershock Deployment was an international collaboration funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF); GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam; Universidad de Chile, Santiago; Universidad de Concepcion; Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris and CNRS-INSU; and University of Liverpool. Global Seismographic Network (GSN) is a cooperative scientific facility operated jointly by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), and the NSF, under Cooperative Agreement EAR-1261681. Data from the TA network were made freely available as part of the EarthScope USArray facility, operated by IRIS and supported by the NSF, under Cooperative Agreements EAR-1 261 681. All graphs and maps were produced using Generic Mapping Tools (Wessel & Smith 1991). Topography data were taken from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM; Farr et al. 2007) 3 arcsec grid available from the USGS (earthexplorer.usgs.gov), and bathymetric data were taken from the GEBCO_08 grid (version 20100927, http://www.gebco.net). NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 206 IS 1 BP 525 EP 556 DI 10.1093/gji/ggw141 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DN6RV UT WOS:000377204400033 ER PT J AU Hussein, ITM Ma, EJ Hill, NJ Meixell, BW Lindberg, M Albrecht, RA Bahl, J Runstadler, JA AF Hussein, Islam T. M. Ma, Eric J. Hill, Nichola J. Meixell, Brandt W. Lindberg, Mark Albrecht, Randy A. Bahl, Justin Runstadler, Jonathan A. TI A point mutation in the polymerase protein PB2 allows a reassortant H9N2 influenza isolate of wild-bird origin to replicate in human cells SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Influenza; H9N2; PB2; Polymorphisms; Viral polymerase ID A VIRUS POLYMERASE; MOLECULAR-BASIS; H1N1 INFLUENZA; AMINO-ACID; TRANSMISSION; HOST; POULTRY; ASIA; INFECTIONS; ADAPTATION AB H9N2 influenza A viruses are on the list of potentially pandemic subtypes. Therefore, it is important to understand how genomic reassortment and genetic polymorphisms affect phenotypes of H9N2 viruses circulating in the wild bird reservoir. A comparative genetic analysis of North American H9N2 isolates of wild bird origin identified a naturally occurring reassortant virus containing gene segments derived from both North American and Eurasian lineage ancestors. The PB2 segment of this virus encodes 10 amino acid changes that distinguish it from other H9 strains circulating in North America. G590S, one of the 10 amino acid substitutions observed, was present in similar to 12% of H9 viruses worldwide. This mutation combined with R591 has been reported as a marker of pathogenicity for human pandemic 2009 H1N1 viruses. Screening by polymerase reporter assay of all the natural polymorphisms at these two positions identified G590/K591 and S590/K591 as the most active, with the highest polymerase activity recorded for the SK polymorphism. Rescued viruses containing these two polymorphic combinations replicated more efficiently in MDCK cells and they were the only ones tested that were capable of establishing productive infection in NHBE cells. A global analysis of all PB2 sequences identified the K591 signature in six viral HA/NA subtypes isolated from several hosts in seven geographic locations. Interestingly, introducing the K591 mutation into the PB2 of a human-adapted H3N2 virus did not affect its polymerase activity. Our findings demonstrate that a single point mutation in the PB2 of a low pathogenic H9N2 isolate could have a significant effect on viral phenotype and increase its propensity to infect mammals. However, this effect is not universal, warranting caution in interpreting point mutations without considering protein sequence context. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hussein, Islam T. M.; Ma, Eric J.; Hill, Nichola J.; Runstadler, Jonathan A.] MIT, Dept Biol Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hussein, Islam T. M.; Ma, Eric J.; Hill, Nichola J.; Runstadler, Jonathan A.] MIT, Div Comparat Med, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Meixell, Brandt W.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Lindberg, Mark] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Albrecht, Randy A.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Albrecht, Randy A.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Global Hlth & Emerging Pathogens Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Bahl, Justin] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect Dis, Houston, TX USA. RP Runstadler, JA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Biol Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.; Runstadler, JA (reprint author), MIT, Div Comparat Med, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jrun@mit.edu OI Ma, Eric/0000-0003-0041-5989; Meixell, Brandt/0000-0002-6738-0349 FU NIH/NIAID Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) [HHSN272014000008C] FX We would like to acknowledge the NIH/NIAID funded Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS Contract no.: HHSN272014000008C). The BEAST phylogenetic analysis was facilitated by an inter-center CEIRS training grant. We would like to thank Adolfo Garcia-Sastre and Nacho Mena, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, for the pDZ plasmid gift and excellent technical support. We would like also to thank Yoshihiro Kawaoka, University of Wisconsin-Madison, for his generous gift of the A/WSN/1/33 polymerase plasmids. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 41 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.04.011 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA DL5BU UT WOS:000375652800039 PM 27101787 ER PT J AU Oberle, FKJ Storlazzi, CD Hanebuth, TJJ AF Oberle, Ferdinand K. J. Storlazzi, Curt D. Hanebuth, Till J. J. TI What a drag: Quantifying the global impact of chronic bottom trawling on continental shelf sediment SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Bottom trawling; Continental shelf; Sediment resuspension; Ecosystem; Iberia ID NORTHERN PORTUGUESE SHELF; MOBILE FISHING GEAR; SEA-FLOOR; WINTER DYNAMICS; IBERIAN MARGIN; NW IBERIA; VMS DATA; RESUSPENSION; SYSTEM; DISTURBANCE AB Continental shelves worldwide are subject to intense bottom trawling that causes sediment to be resuspended. The widely used traditional concepts of modern sedimentary transport systems on the shelf rely only on estimates for naturally driven sediment resuspension such as through storm waves, bottom currents, and gravity driven flows but they overlook a critical anthropogenic factor. The strong influence of bottom trawling on a source-to-sink sediment budget is explored on the NW Iberian shelf. Use of Automated Information System vessel tracking data provides for a high-resolution vessel track reconstruction and the accurate calculation of the spatial distribution of bottom trawling intensity and associated resuspended sediment load. The mean bottom trawling-induced resuspended sediment mass for the NW Iberian shelf is 13.50 Mt yr(-1), which leads to a sixfold increase in off-shelf sediment transport when compared to natural resuspension mechanisms. The source to-sink budget analysis provides evidence that bottom trawling causes a rapid erosion of the fine sediment on human time scales. Combining global soft sediment distribution data of the shelves with worldwide bottom trawling intensity estimates we show that the bottom trawling-induced resuspended sediment mass amounts to approximately the same mass of all sediment entering the shelves through rivers. Spatial delineations between natural and anthropogenic sediment resuspension areas are presented to aid in marine management questions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Oberle, Ferdinand K. J.; Hanebuth, Till J. J.] Univ Bremen, Ctr Marine Environm Sci, MARUM, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Storlazzi, Curt D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hanebuth, Till J. J.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Sch Coastal & Marine Syst Sci, Conway, SC 29528 USA. RP Oberle, FKJ (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Ctr Marine Environm Sci, MARUM, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM foberle@whoi.edu FU DFG Research Center MARUM; U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX This work was supported by the DFG Research Center MARUM and the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Special thanks goes to VT-Explorer for supplying us with raw, high quality AIS data. Gerhard Bartzke (MARUM) and Olivia Cheriton (USGS) had some great data processing suggestions. Gerold Wefer's trust in the success of this study became critical in an early stage of this project. Brian Edwards (USGS) and Peter Swarzenski (USGS) had a contagious enthusiasm that carried this project. This article is a publication of the DFG 543 research center/excellence cluster "The Ocean in the Earth System" at the University of Bremen. NR 99 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 159 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.12.007 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DL3AI UT WOS:000375506200010 ER PT J AU Oberle, FKJ Swarzenski, PW Reddy, CM Nelson, RK Baasch, B Hanebuth, TJJ AF Oberle, Ferdinand K. J. Swarzenski, Peter W. Reddy, Christopher M. Nelson, Robert K. Baasch, Benjamin Hanebuth, Till J. J. TI Deciphering the lithological consequences of bottom trawling to sedimentary habitats on the shelf SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Bottom trawling; Sediment transport; Sediment mixing; Lithology; Ecosystem ID WASHINGTON CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PRESTIGE OIL-SPILL; WATER-HORIZON OIL; MARINE BIODIVERSITY; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; ACCUMULATION RATES; IBERIAN SHELF; NW IBERIA; GC-MS; IMPACT AB Widespread bottom trawling on the NW Iberian shelf causes chronic sediment and habitat disturbance. The few studies that have investigated vessel-modified sedimentary-structure and texture of the seabed have typically classified their results as being either impacted by trawling or not. This study indicates that bottom trawling can result in a sequence of vastly different effects to the lithology of seabed sediment, which have in turn different ecological consequences. Here, we combined very high-resolution spatial bottom-trawling data with sedimentological (grain size, porosity) and geochemical datasets (excess Pb-210, 3D petroleum fingerprinting) to study sediment disturbance, including sorting and mixing. Our results were used to develop five conceptual disturbance scenarios: minimal seabed effects, sediment overturning, complete sediment mixing, sediment grading and layering, and loss of sediment. Considering that bottom trawling is a widespread and growing global fishing technique, such impacts need to be considered in the management of habitat conservation as well as in the reconstruction of late Holocene climate history from shallow-water deposits, not just on the NW Iberian shelf, but also globally. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Oberle, Ferdinand K. J.; Baasch, Benjamin; Hanebuth, Till J. J.] Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Reddy, Christopher M.; Nelson, Robert K.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hanebuth, Till J. J.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Sch Coastal & Marine Syst Sci, Conway, SC 29528 USA. RP Oberle, FKJ (reprint author), Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM foberle@whoi.edu FU GLOMAR graduate school of the DFG Research Center MARUM FX This work was supported by travel funding from the GLOMAR graduate school of the DFG Research Center MARUM. FO would like to thank Bob Rosenbauer and Jane Reid for their support at the US Geological Survey's Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center. FO also thanks Catherine Carmichael for lab support at the Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry of the WHOI. This article is a publication of the DFG 543 Research Center/Excellence Cluster "The Ocean in the Earth System" at the University of Bremen. NR 94 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 159 BP 120 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.12.008 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DL3AI UT WOS:000375506200011 ER PT J AU Granek, EF Conn, KE Nilsen, EB Pillsbury, L Strecker, AL Rumrill, SS Fish, W AF Granek, Elise F. Conn, Kathleen E. Nilsen, Elena B. Pillsbury, Lori Strecker, Angela L. Rumrill, Steve S. Fish, William TI Spatial and temporal variability of contaminants within estuarine sediments and native Olympia oysters: A contrast between a developed and an undeveloped estuary SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Alkylphenols; Bivalves; Metals; PCBs; Pesticides; Pharmaceuticals ID WASTE-WATER; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ACCUMULATION; RESTORATION; ENVIRONMENT; WASHINGTON; DEPURATION; INDICATORS; EFFLUENT AB Chemical contaminants can be introduced into estuarine and marine ecosystems from a variety of sources including wastewater, agriculture and forestry practices, point and non-point discharges, runoff from industrial, municipal, and urban lands, accidental spills, and atmospheric deposition. The diversity of potential sources contributes to the likelihood of contaminated marine waters and sediments and increases the probability of uptake by marine organisms. Despite widespread recognition of direct and indirect pathways for contaminant deposition and organismal exposure in coastal systems, spatial and temporal variability in contaminant composition, deposition, and uptake patterns are still poorly known. We investigated these patterns for a suite of persistent legacy contaminants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and chemicals of emerging concern including pharmaceuticals within two Oregon coastal estuaries (Coos and Netarts Bays). In the more urbanized Coos Bay, native Olympia oyster (Ostrea lurida) tissue had approximately twice the number of PCB congeners at over seven times the total concentration, yet fewer PBDEs at one-tenth the concentration as compared to the more rural Netarts Bay. Different pharmaceutical suites were detected during each sampling season. Variability in contaminant types and concentrations across seasons and between species and media (organisms versus sediment) indicates the limitation of using indicator species and/or sampling annually to determine contaminant loads at a site or for specific species. The results indicate the prevalence of legacy contaminants and CECs in relatively undeveloped coastal environments highlighting the need to improve policy and management actions to reduce contaminant releases into estuarine and marine waters and to deal with legacy compounds that remain long after prohibition of use. Our results point to the need for better understanding of the ecological and human health risks of exposure to the diverse cocktail of pollutants and harmful compounds that will continue to leach from estuarine sediments over time. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Granek, Elise F.; Strecker, Angela L.; Fish, William] Portland State Univ, Environm Sci & Management, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Conn, Kathleen E.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, 934 Broadway,Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Nilsen, Elena B.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Pillsbury, Lori] Oregon Dept Environm Qual, Lab & Environm Assessment Program, 3150 NW 229th Ave,Suite 150, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Rumrill, Steve S.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Resources Program, 2040 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Granek, EF (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Environm Sci & Management, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM graneke@pdx.edu; kconn@usgs.gov; enilsen@usgs.gov; Pillsbury.lori@deq.state.or.us; Steven.S.Rumrill@state.or.us RI Nilsen, Elena/I-3579-2016; feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI Nilsen, Elena/0000-0002-0104-6321; feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 FU Oregon Sea Grant in the form of Program Development Grant [NA154C-A]; Contaminants Grant [NA10OAR4170059]; Oregon Community Foundation in the form of an Oregon University System Katherine Bisbee II Grant; Oregon Sea Grant; Oregon Community Foundation FX This work was made possible through funding from Oregon Sea Grant in the form of Program Development Grant #NA154C-A to EFG; Contaminants Grant #NA10OAR4170059 to EFG, ALS, WF, KEC, EBN, LP, SSR and through funding from the Oregon Community Foundation in the form of an Oregon University System Katherine Bisbee II Grant to EFG and AMF. We thank Oregon Sea Grant and the Oregon Community Foundation for their support. We thank ODEQ Laboratory for analytical support and Tony D'Andrea and ODFW staff for assistance in the field. The field and lab work would not have been possible without assistance from the following PSU undergraduate and graduate students: Dylan Dayrit, Dominic Galen, Andy Harwood, Joey Peters, Emma Prichard, and Brianna Tarnower. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 1 PY 2016 VL 557 BP 869 EP 879 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.043 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK7VZ UT WOS:000375136200089 PM 27084996 ER PT J AU Kassotis, CD Iwanowicz, LR Akob, DM Cozzarelli, IM Mumford, AC Orem, WH Nagel, SC AF Kassotis, Christopher D. Iwanowicz, Luke R. Akob, Denise M. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Mumford, Adam C. Orem, William H. Nagel, Susan C. TI Endocrine disrupting activities of surface water associated with a West Virginia oil and gas industry wastewater disposal site SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Endocrine disrupting chemicals; Water contamination; Hydraulic fracturing; Injection well; Wastewater disposal ID ANTIPROGESTIN MIFEPRISTONE RU486; HYDRAULIC FRACTURING CHEMICALS; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; MARCELLUS SHALE; MOLECULAR MECHANISMS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; ANTI-ANDROGENS; EXPOSURE; PENNSYLVANIA AB Currently, >95% of end disposal of hydraulic fracturing wastewater from unconventional oil and gas operations in the US occurs via injection wells. Key data gaps exist in understanding the potential impact of underground injection on surface water quality and environmental health. The goal of this study was to assess endocrine disrupting activity in surface water at a West Virginia injection well disposal site. Water samples were collected from a background site in the area and upstream, on, and downstream of the disposal facility. Samples were solid-phase extracted, and extracts assessed for agonist and antagonist hormonal activities for five hormone receptors in mammalian and yeast reporter gene assays. Compared to reference water extracts upstream and distal to the disposal well, samples collected adjacent and downstream exhibited considerably higher antagonist activity for the estrogen, androgen, progesterone, glucocorticoid and thyroid hormone receptors. In contrast, low levels of agonist activity were measured in upstream/distal sites, and were inhibited or absent at downstream sites with significant antagonism. Concurrent analyses by partner laboratories (published separately) describe the analytical and geochemical profiling of the water; elevated conductivity as well as high sodium, chloride, strontium, and barium concentrations indicate impacts due to handling of unconventional oil and gaswastewater. Notably, antagonist activities in downstream samples were at equivalent authentic standard concentrations known to disrupt reproduction and/or development in aquatic animals. Given the widespread use of injection wells for end-disposal of hydraulic fracturing wastewater, these data raise concerns for human and animal health nearby. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kassotis, Christopher D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Iwanowicz, Luke R.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Fish Hlth Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Akob, Denise M.; Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.; Mumford, Adam C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Orem, William H.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Nagel, Susan C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Womens Hlth, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Nagel, SC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Obstet Gynecol & Womens Hlth, M659 Med Sci Bldg,1 Hosp Dr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM christopher.kassotis@duke.edu; nagels@health.missouri.edu OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178; Akob, Denise/0000-0003-1534-3025; Mumford, Adam/0000-0002-8082-8910; Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; University of Missouri; Mizzou Advantage Grant; US EPA [FP-91747101] FX Project supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, the University of Missouri, Mizzou Advantage Grant, and STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement no. FP-91747101 awarded by the US EPA (CDK). The views and conclusions in this article represent the views of the authors and the US Geological Survey; however, they do not necessarily represent the views of the EPA. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 10 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 1 PY 2016 VL 557 BP 901 EP 910 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.113 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK7VZ UT WOS:000375136200092 PM 27073166 ER PT J AU Kimball, S AF Kimball, Suzette TI Foreword SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kimball, Suzette] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Kimball, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM suzette_kimball@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN 30 PY 2016 VL 107 IS 2 BP 413 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.023 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DQ3HU UT WOS:000379094200001 PM 27095374 ER PT J AU Reilly, TJ Focazio, MJ Simmons, DL AF Reilly, Timothy J. Focazio, Michael J. Simmons, Dale L. TI Resetting the bar: Establishing baselines for persistent contaminants after Hurricane Sandy in the coastal environments of New Jersey and New York, USA SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Reilly, Timothy J.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, Lawrenceville, NJ USA. [Focazio, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Toxic Subst Hydrol Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Simmons, Dale L.] US Geol Survey, West Trenton Publishing Serv Ctr, Lawrenceville, NJ USA. RP Reilly, TJ (reprint author), 3450 Princeton Pike,Suite 110, Lawrenceville, NJ 08628 USA. EM tjreilly@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN 30 PY 2016 VL 107 IS 2 BP 414 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.045 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DQ3HU UT WOS:000379094200002 PM 27283877 ER PT J AU Smalling, KL Deshpande, AD Blazer, VS Dockum, BW Timmons, D Sharack, BL Baker, RJ Samson, J Reilly, TJ AF Smalling, Kelly L. Deshpande, Ashok D. Blazer, Vicki S. Dockum, Bruce W. Timmons, DeMond Sharack, Beth L. Baker, Ronald J. Samson, Jennifer Reilly, Timothy J. TI Young of the year bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) as a bioindicator of estuarine health: Establishing a new baseline for persistent organic pollutants after Hurricane Sandy for selected estuaries in New Jersey and New York SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Persistent organic pollutants; YOY bluefish; Pomatomus saltatrix; Hurricanes; Bioindicator; Estuarine health ID THE-YEAR BLUEFISH; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; COASTAL MARINE FINFISH; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; FOOD-WEB; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; GROWTH; CONTAMINATION; BIOACCUMULATION; CONGENERS AB Atlantic coastal bays of the US are essential habitat for young of year bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix). Their residence in these estuaries during critical life stages, high lipid content, and piscivory make bluefish an ideal bioindicator species for evaluating estuarine health. Individual whole fish from four estuaries impacted by Hurricane Sandy were collected in August 2013, analyzed for a suite of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine pesticides and evaluated using health metrics. Concentrations in whole bluefish differed by estuary; however, concentrations for many POPs decreased or were similar to those observed prior to the hurricane. Prevalence of the ectoparasitic gill isopod (Lironeca ovalis) varied by estuary and no relationships between contaminants and lesions were observed. Bluefish should be considered for monitoring programs and, if sampled frequently, could be an effective bioindicator of incremental and episodic changes in contaminants within aquatic food webs. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Smalling, Kelly L.; Baker, Ronald J.; Reilly, Timothy J.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, Lawrenceville, NJ USA. [Deshpande, Ashok D.; Dockum, Bruce W.; Timmons, DeMond; Sharack, Beth L.; Samson, Jennifer] NOAA Fisheries, NEFSC, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Sandy Hook, NJ USA. [Blazer, Vicki S.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Smalling, KL (reprint author), 3450 Princeton Pike,Suite 110, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. EM ksmall@usgs.gov OI Smalling, Kelly/0000-0002-1214-4920; Timmons, DeMond/0000-0003-2822-0139 FU [PL 113-2] FX This study was funded through the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (PL 113-2). The managers of the funding sources did not participate in the design of the study, nor the interpretation or writing of the manuscript. All such decisions were solely made by the authors. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN 30 PY 2016 VL 107 IS 2 BP 422 EP 431 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.019 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DQ3HU UT WOS:000379094200003 PM 27039958 ER PT J AU Smalling, KL Deshpande, AD Galbraith, HS Sharack, BL Timmons, D Baker, RJ AF Smalling, Kelly L. Deshpande, Ashok D. Galbraith, Heather S. Sharack, Beth L. Timmons, DeMond Baker, Ronald J. TI Regional assessment of persistent organic pollutants in resident mussels from New Jersey and New York estuaries following Hurricane Sandy SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Persistent organic contaminants; Mussel tissue; Hurricane Sandy; Estuarine health; Chronology ID MYTILUS-EDULIS-L; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; DEMISSA DILLWYN BIVALVIA; NEW-BEDFORD HARBOR; WORLD-TRADE-CENTER; THE-YEAR BLUEFISH; GEUKENSIA-DEMISSA; RIBBED MUSSEL; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS AB Resident mussels are effective indicators of ecosystem health and have been utilized in national assessment and monitoring studies for over two decades. Mussels were,chosen because contaminant concentrations in their tissues respond to changes in ambient environmental levels, accumulation occurs with little metabolic transformation and a substantial amount of historic data were available. Mussels were collected from 10 previously studied locations approximately a year after Hurricane Sandy. Regionally, concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) decreased significantly, while concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) remained unchanged, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) increased compared to historic concentrations. Although concentrations of PCBs, OCPs and PAHs were at or near record low concentrations, long-term trends did not change after Hurricane Sandy. To effectively measure storm induced impacts it is necessary to understand the factors influencing changes in mussel body burdens and have a long-term monitoring network and an ability to mobilize post event. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Smalling, Kelly L.; Baker, Ronald J.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, Lawrenceville, NJ USA. [Deshpande, Ashok D.; Sharack, Beth L.; Timmons, DeMond] NOAA Fisheries, NEFSC, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Sandy Hook, NJ USA. [Galbraith, Heather S.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA USA. RP Smalling, KL (reprint author), 3450 Princeton Pike,Suite 110, Lawrenceville, NJ 08628 USA. EM ksmall@usgs.gov OI Timmons, DeMond/0000-0003-2822-0139 FU [PL 113-2] FX This study was funded through the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (PL 113-2). The managers of the funding sources did not participate in the design of the study, nor the interpretation or writing of the manuscript. All such decisions were solely made by the authors. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN 30 PY 2016 VL 107 IS 2 BP 432 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.077 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DQ3HU UT WOS:000379094200004 PM 26965090 ER PT J AU Plumlee, GS Benzel, WM Hoefen, TM Hageman, PL Morman, SA Reilly, TJ Adams, M Berry, CJ Fischer, JM Fisher, I AF Plumlee, Geoffrey S. Benzel, William M. Hoefen, Todd M. Hageman, Philip L. Morman, Suzette A. Reilly, Timothy J. Adams, Monique Berry, Cyrus J. Fischer, Jeffrey M. Fisher, Irene TI Environmental implications of the use of sulfidic back-bay sediments for dune reconstruction - Lessons learned post Hurricane Sandy SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Hurricane Sandy; Dune restoration; Environmental health; Sulfide oxidation ID DREDGED MATERIAL; BENEFICIAL USE; ENHANCEMENT AB Some barrier-island dunes damaged or destroyed by Hurricane Sandy's storm surges in October 2012 have been reconstructed using sediments dredged from back bays. These sand-, clay-, and iron sulfide-rich sediments were used to make berm-like cores for the reconstructed dunes, which were then covered by beach sand. In November 2013, we sampled and analyzed partially weathered materials collected from the cores of reconstructed dunes. There are generally low levels of metal toxicants in the reconstructed dune materials. However oxidation of reactive iron sulfides by percolating rainwater produces acid-sulfate pore waters, which evaporate during dry periods to produce efflorescent gypsum and sodium jarosite salts. The results suggest use of sulfidic sediments in dune reconstruction has both drawbacks (e.g., potential to generate acid runoff from dune cores following rainfall, enhanced corrosion of steel bulwarks) and possible benefits (e.g., efflorescent salts may enhance structural integrity). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Plumlee, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr MS964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Benzel, William M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr MS973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hoefen, Todd M.; Hageman, Philip L.; Morman, Suzette A.; Adams, Monique; Berry, Cyrus J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr MS964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Reilly, Timothy J.; Fischer, Jeffrey M.] US Geol Survey, 3450 Princeton Pike, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. [Fisher, Irene] US Geol Survey, 2045 Route 112, Coram, NY 11727 USA. RP Plumlee, GS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr MS964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gplumlee@usgs.gov; wbenzel@usgs.gov; thoefen@usgs.gov; phageman@usgs.gov; smorman@usgs.gov; tjreilly@usgs.gov; madams@usgs.gov; cjbeny@usgs.gov; fischer@usgs.gov; ifisher@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of Interior Supplemental Funding FX This study was funded by the U.S. Department of Interior Supplemental Funding to the U.S. Geological Survey as part of Hurricane Sandy Recovery Funds. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN 30 PY 2016 VL 107 IS 2 BP 459 EP 471 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.051 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DQ3HU UT WOS:000379094200007 PM 27210565 ER PT J AU Romanok, KM Szabo, Z Reilly, TJ Defne, Z Ganju, NK AF Romanok, Kristin M. Szabo, Zoltan Reilly, Timothy J. Defne, Zafer Ganju, Neil K. TI Sediment chemistry and toxicity in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey: Pre- and post-Hurricane Sandy, 2012-13 SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Hurricane Sandy; Barnegat Bay; Trace elements; PAH compounds; Hydrodynamics; Sediment transport ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; COASTAL MARINE-SEDIMENTS; WATER TREATMENT PLANTS; ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; EGG HARBOR ESTUARY; UNITED-STATES; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; MODELING SYSTEM; ORGANIC-MATTER AB Hurricane Sandy made landfall in Barnegat Bay, October, 29, 2012, damaging shorelines and infrastructure. Estuarine sediment chemistry and toxicity were investigated before and after to evaluate potential environmental health impacts and to establish post-event baseline sediment-quality conditions. Trace element concentrations increased throughout Barnegat Bay up to two orders of magnitude, especially north of Bamegat Inlet, consistent with northward redistribution of silt. Loss of organic compounds, clay, and organic carbon is consistent with sediment winnowing and transport through the inlets and sediment transport modeling results. The number of sites exceeding sediment quality guidance levels for trace elements tripled post-Sandy. Sediment toxicity post-Sandy was mostly unaffected relative to pre-Sandy conditions, but at the site with the greatest relative increase for trace elements, survival rate of the test amphipod decreased (indicating degradation). This study would not have been possible without comprehensive baseline data enabling the evaluation of storm-derived changes in sediment quality. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Romanok, Kristin M.; Szabo, Zoltan; Reilly, Timothy J.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. [Defne, Zafer; Ganju, Neil K.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02453 USA. RP Szabo, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3450 Princeton Pike,Suite 110, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. EM zszabo@usgs.gov OI Defne, Zafer/0000-0003-4544-4310 FU New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; USGS Coastal Marine Biology program at Woods Hole, MA; [PL 113-2] FX The study was funded through the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (PL 113-2). The authors would like to acknowledge the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection for providing support for the creation of the hydrodynamic model, as well as the USGS Coastal Marine Biology program at Woods Hole, MA. The authors would like to thank the many USGS colleagues for all their help in preparation for this report, which included sample collection by Anthony D. Cerruti, Kaitlyn Colella, Jonathan Cohl, Lisa Carper and Molly L. Schreiner, field support activities by Michal J. Niemoczynski and John J. Trainor, and data compilation from monitoring stations by Sarina Howell, Arik Vaneselous, and Larry Feinson. Special thanks to Anna Deetze who prepared the map of the study area. Thank you to Arthur Horowitz (USGS) and anonymous reviewers for providing timely and thorough reviews of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or products names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 118 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN 30 PY 2016 VL 107 IS 2 BP 472 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.018 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DQ3HU UT WOS:000379094200008 PM 27158047 ER PT J AU Phillips, PJ Gibson, CA Fisher, SC Fisher, IJ Reilly, TJ Smalling, KL Romanok, KM Foreman, WT ReVello, RC Focazio, MJ Jones, DK AF Phillips, Patrick J. Gibson, Catherine A. Fisher, Shawn C. Fisher, Irene J. Reilly, Timothy J. Smalling, Kelly L. Romanok, Kristin M. Foreman, William T. ReVello, Rhiannon C. Focazio, Michael J. Jones, Daniel K. TI Regional variability in bed-sediment concentrations of wastewater compounds, hormones and PAHs for portions of coastal New York and, New Jersey impacted by hurricane Sandy SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Bed sediment; Hormones; Personal care/domestic use; Urban; Wastewater; Hurricane ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; RECEIVING RIVER WATERS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; STEROID ESTROGENS; CONTAMINATION; BAY; PHARMACEUTICALS AB Bed sediment samples from 79 coastal New York and New Jersey, USA sites were analyzed for 75 compounds including wastewater associated contaminants, PAHs, and other organic compounds to assess the post-Hurricane Sandy distribution of organic contaminants among six regions. These results provide the first assessment of wastewater compounds, hormones, and PAHs in bed sediment for this region. Concentrations of most wastewater contaminants and PAHs were highest in the most developed region (Upper Harbor/Newark Bay, UHNB) and reflected the wastewater inputs to this area. Although the lack of pre-Hurricane Sandy data for most of these compounds make it impossible to assess the effect of the storm on wastewater contaminant concentrations, PAH concentrations in the UHNB region reflect pre-Hurricane Sandy conditions in this region. Lower hormone concentrations than predicted by the total organic carbon relation occurred in UHNB samples, suggesting that hormones are being degraded in the UHNB region. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Phillips, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Gibson, Catherine A.] Nature Conservancy, Albany, NY USA. [Fisher, Shawn C.; Fisher, Irene J.] US Geol Survey, Coram, NY USA. [Reilly, Timothy J.; Smalling, Kelly L.; Romanok, Kristin M.] US Geol Survey, Lawrenceville, NJ USA. [Foreman, William T.; ReVello, Rhiannon C.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA. [Focazio, Michael J.; Jones, Daniel K.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. FU [PL 113-2] FX This study was funded through the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (PL 113-2).: Several USGS employees contributed to sampling: Lisa Carper, Anthony D. Cerruti, Kaitlyn Colella, Jonathan Cohl, Anna Deetz, Heather A. Heckathorn, and Molly L. Schreiner. Special thanks are due to Eric W. Best, Patrick W. Bowen, Karl M. Braun, Heidi L. Hoppe, Michal J. Niemoczynski, Jason C. Shvanda, Daniel D. Skulski, and John J. Trainor. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provided sampling and analytical support at the direction of Darvene Adams, Regional Monitoring Coordinator. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN 30 PY 2016 VL 107 IS 2 BP 489 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.050 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DQ3HU UT WOS:000379094200009 PM 27177500 ER PT J AU Fisher, SC Phillips, PJ Brownawell, BJ Browne, JP AF Fisher, Shawn C. Phillips, Patrick J. Brownawell, Bruce J. Browne, James P. TI Comparison of wastewater-associated contaminants in the bed sediment of Hempstead Bay, New York, before and after Hurricane Sandy SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Hurricane Sandy; Hempstead Bay; Organic wastewater contaminant; Hormone; Sewage; Wastewater infrastructure ID SURFACE SEDIMENTS; TREATMENT PLANTS; STEROL RATIOS; SEWAGE; INDICATORS; HYDROCARBONS; PAHS AB Changes in bed sediment chemistry of Hempstead Bay (HB) have been evaluated in the wake of Hurricane Sandy, which resulted in the release of billions of liters of poorly-treated sewage into tributaries and channels throughout the bay. Surficial grab samples (top 5 cm) collected before and (or) after Hurricane Sandy from sixteen sites in HB were analyzed for 74 wastewater tracers and steroid hormones, and total organic carbon. Data from pre- and post-storm comparisons of the most frequently detected wastewater tracers and ratios of steroid hormone and of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations indicate an increased sewage signal near outfalls and downstream of where raw sewage was discharged. Median concentration of wastewater tracers decreased after the storm at sites further from outfalls. Overall, changes in sediment quality probably resulted from a combination of additional sewage inputs, sediment redistribution, and stormwater runoff in the days to weeks following Hurricane Sandy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fisher, Shawn C.] US Geol Survey, 2045 Route 112,Bldg 4, Coram, NY 11727 USA. [Phillips, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Brownawell, Bruce J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dana Hall,Room 127, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Browne, James P.] Town Hempstead Dept Conservat & Waterways, Lido Blvd, Point Lookout, NY 11569 USA. RP Fisher, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2045 Route 112,Bldg 4, Coram, NY 11727 USA. EM scfisher@usgs.gov FU [PL 113-2] FX This study was funded through the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (PL 113-2). The managers of the funding sources did not participate in the design of the study, nor the interpretation or writing of the manuscript. All such decisions were solely made by the authors. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN 30 PY 2016 VL 107 IS 2 BP 499 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.044 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DQ3HU UT WOS:000379094200010 PM 27045048 ER PT J AU Fisher, IJ Phillips, PJ Colella, KM Fisher, SC Tagliaferri, T Foreman, WT Furlong, ET AF Fisher, Irene J. Phillips, Patrick J. Colella, Kaitlyn M. Fisher, Shawn C. Tagliaferri, Tristen Foreman, William T. Furlong, Edward T. TI The impact of onsite wastewater disposal systems on groundwater in areas inundated by Hurricane Sandy in New York and New Jersey SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Pharmaceuticals; Septic systems; Nitrogen; Land use; Estuary contaminants ID TREATMENT-PLANT EFFLUENT; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; SEPTIC SYSTEMS; GRAVEL AQUIFER; SURFACE-WATER; SHALLOW SAND; PHARMACEUTICALS; FATE; NITROGEN; HORMONES AB Coastal onsite wastewater disposal systems (OWDS) were inundated by Hurricane Sandy's storm tide. This study compares the shallow groundwater quality (nutrients, pharmaceuticals, and hormones) downgradient of OWDS before and after Hurricane Sandy, where available, and establishes a baseline for wastewater influence on groundwater in coastal communities inundated by Hurricane Sandy. Nutrients and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) were detected in shallow, groundwater downgradient of OWDS in two settings along the New Jersey and New York coastlines: 1) a single, centralized OWDS in a park; and 2) multiple OWDS (cesspools) in low-density residential and mixed-use/medium density residential areas. The most frequently detected pharmaceuticals were lidocaine (40%), carbamazepine (36%), and fexofenadine, bupropion, desvenlafaxine, meprobamate, and tramadol (24-32%). Increases in the number and total concentration of pharmaceuticals after Hurricane Sandy may reflect other factors (seasonality, usage) besides inundation, and demonstrate the importance of analyzing for a wide variety of CECs in regional studies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fisher, Irene J.; Colella, Kaitlyn M.; Fisher, Shawn C.; Tagliaferri, Tristen] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 2045 Route 112,Bldg 4, Coram, NY 11727 USA. [Phillips, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Foreman, William T.; Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, POB 25585, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Fisher, IJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 2045 Route 112,Bldg 4, Coram, NY 11727 USA. EM ifisher@usgs.gov FU Disaster Relief Appropriations Act [PL 113-2] FX This study was funded through the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (PL 113-2). The managers of the funding sources did not participate in the design of the study, nor the interpretation or writing of the manuscript. All such decisions were solely made by the authors. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN 30 PY 2016 VL 107 IS 2 BP 509 EP 517 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.038 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DQ3HU UT WOS:000379094200011 PM 27261279 ER PT J AU Slonecker, ET Jones, DK Pellerin, BA AF Slonecker, E. Terrence Jones, Daniel K. Pellerin, Brian A. TI The new Landsat 8 potential for remote sensing of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM); Dissolved organic matter (DOM); fluorescent fraction of CDOM (fDOM); EO-1; Landsat 8; Advanced land imager; Operational land imager; Absorbance; Reflectance; Fluorescence; Remote sensing; Atmospheric correction ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOUTHERN BALTIC SEA; WATER-QUALITY; IN-SITU; FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENT; YELLOW SUBSTANCE; COASTAL WATERS; OCEAN COLOR; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE AB Due to a combination of factors, such as a new coastal/aerosol band and improved radiometric sensitivity of the Operational Land Imager aboard Landsat 8, the atmospherically-corrected Surface Reflectance product for Landsat data, and the growing availability of corrected fDOM data from U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations, moderate-resolution remote sensing of fDOM may now be achievable. This paper explores the background of previous efforts and shows preliminary examples of the remote sensing and data relationships between corrected fDOM and Landsat 8 reflectance values. Although preliminary results before and after Hurricane Sandy are encouraging, more research is needed to explore the full potential of Landsat 8 to continuously map fDOM in a number of water profiles. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. C1 [Slonecker, E. Terrence; Jones, Daniel K.; Pellerin, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,521 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Slonecker, ET (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,521 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tslonecker@usgs.gov FU USGS Climate and Land Use Mission area; Land Remote Sensing Program FX Special thanks to Larry Feinson of the USGS for his review, suggestions and editorial comments. This research was funded by the USGS Climate and Land Use Mission area and the Land Remote Sensing Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The satellite data used in this study are available from the USGS EartheExplorer web site (http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov). The ALI and Landsat data scenes that cover the three monitoring stations are available for the dates listed in the three spreadsheets available at the USGS Sciencebase site: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/56abc85ce4b0403299f464c6 (Slonecker et al., 2016). NR 74 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 15 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN 30 PY 2016 VL 107 IS 2 BP 518 EP 527 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.076 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DQ3HU UT WOS:000379094200012 PM 27004998 ER PT J AU Merkle, JA Monteith, KL Aikens, EO Hayes, MM Hersey, KR Middleton, AD Oates, BA Sawyer, H Scurlock, BM Kauffman, MJ AF Merkle, Jerod A. Monteith, Kevin L. Aikens, Ellen O. Hayes, Matthew M. Hersey, Kent R. Middleton, Arthur D. Oates, Brendan A. Sawyer, Hall Scurlock, Brandon M. Kauffman, Matthew J. TI Large herbivores surf waves of green-up during spring SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forage maturation hypothesis; green wave hypothesis; habitat selection; large herbivores; migration; normalized difference vegetation index ID HABITAT SELECTION; ECOLOGICAL RESPONSES; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; MIGRATORY UNGULATE; RESOURCE SELECTION; PLANT PHENOLOGY; PREDATION RISK; BIGHORN SHEEP; NDVI; FORAGE AB The green wave hypothesis (GWH) states that migrating animals should track or 'surf' high-quality forage at the leading edge of spring green-up. To index such high-quality forage, recent work proposed the instantaneous rate of green-up (IRG), i.e. rate of change in the noimalized difference vegetation index over time. Despite this important advancement, no study has tested the assumption that herbivores select habitat patches at peak IRG. We evaluated this assumption using step selection functions parametrized with movement data during the green-up period from two populations each of bighorn sheep, mule deer, elk, moose and bison, totalling 463 individuals monitored 1-3 years from 2004 to 2014. Accounting for variables that typically influence habitat selection for each species, we found seven of 10 populations selected patches exhibiting high IRG supporting the GWH. Nonetheless, large herbivores selected for the leading edge, trailing edge and crest of the IRG wave, indicating that other mechanisms (e.g. ruminant physiology) or measurement error inherent with satellite data affect selection for IRG. Our evaluation indicates that IRG is a useful tool for linking herbivore movement with plant phenology, paving the way for significant advancements in understanding how animals track resource quality that varies both spatially and temporally. C1 [Merkle, Jerod A.; Monteith, Kevin L.; Aikens, Ellen O.; Hayes, Matthew M.; Oates, Brendan A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Monteith, Kevin L.] Univ Wyoming, Haub Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Hersey, Kent R.] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. [Middleton, Arthur D.] Yale Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Sawyer, Hall] Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Laramie, WY 82001 USA. [Scurlock, Brandon M.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Merkle, JA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jmerkle@uwyo.edu OI Merkle, Jerod/0000-0003-0100-1833; Aikens, Ellen/0000-0003-0827-3006 FU US Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2014-01928]; National Science Foundation [1252375]; University of Wyoming FX J.A.M. was supported by a US Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture postdoctoral fellowship (grant award no. 2014-01928). E.O.A. was supported by The National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (grant no. 1252375) and the University of Wyoming's Berry Fellowship. Support for data collection and management came from The Boone and Crockett Club, Bowhunters of Wyoming, Cimarex Energy, Finley Resources, Inc., Greater Yellowstone Interagency Brucellosis Committee, Knobloch Family Foundation, Muley Fanatic Foundation, Northwind, LLC, Plains Exploration and Production Company, Ricketts Conservation Foundation, Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, Safari Club International Foundation, Sportsmen for Fish and Wildlife, Teton Conservation District, US Bureau of Land Management, US Forest Service, US Geological Survey, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Wyoming Animal Damage Management Board, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Wyoming Governor's Big Game License Coalition, Wyoming Wildlife Foundation, Wyoming Wildlife and Natural Resource Trust and Wyoming and Sublette County Outfitters and Guides Association. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 31 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUN 29 PY 2016 VL 283 IS 1833 AR 20160456 DI 10.1098/rspb.2016.0456 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DT1MR UT WOS:000381247300024 ER PT J AU Spanbauer, TL Allen, CR Angeler, DG Eason, T Fritz, SC Garmestani, AS Nash, KL Stone, JR Stow, CA Sundstrom, SM AF Spanbauer, Trisha L. Allen, Craig R. Angeler, David G. Eason, Tarsha Fritz, Sherilyn C. Garmestani, Ahjond S. Nash, Kirsty L. Stone, Jeffery R. Stow, Craig A. Sundstrom, Shana M. TI Body size distributions signal a regime shift in a lake ecosystem SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE palaeoecology; regime shift; climate change; thresholds; body size; resilience ID HABITAT STRUCTURE; DISCONTINUITIES; ORGANIZATION; RESILIENCE; PATTERNS; DROUGHT; ECOLOGY; DIATOM; TIME AB Communities of organisms, from mammals to microorganisms, have discontinuous distributions of body size. This pattern of size structuring is a conservative trait of community organization and is a product of processes that occur at multiple spatial and temporal scales. In this study, we assessed whether body size patterns serve as an indicator of a threshold between alternative regimes. Over the past 7000 years, the biological communities of Foy Lake (Montana, USA) have undergone a major regime shift owing to climate change. We used a palaeoecological record of diatom communities to estimate diatom sizes, and then analysed the discontinuous distribution of organism sizes over time. We used Bayesian classification and regression tree models to determine that all time intervals exhibited aggregations of sizes separated by gaps in the distribution and found a significant change in diatom body size distributions approximately 150 years before the identified ecosystem regime shift. We suggest that discontinuity analysis is a useful addition to the suite of tools for the detection of early warning signals of regime shifts. C1 [Spanbauer, Trisha L.] US EPA, Natl Res Council, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Eason, Tarsha; Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Spanbauer, Trisha L.; Fritz, Sherilyn C.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Spanbauer, Trisha L.; Fritz, Sherilyn C.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sundstrom, Shana M.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, POB 7050, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Nash, Kirsty L.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Nash, Kirsty L.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Ctr Marine Socioecol, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Stone, Jeffery R.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Syst, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Spanbauer, TL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Res Council, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.; Spanbauer, TL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.; Spanbauer, TL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM spanbauer.trisha@epa.gov OI Nash, Kirsty/0000-0003-0976-3197 FU United States Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; August T. Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; NSF's Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) programme (NSF) [0903469]; NSF's Sedimentary Geology and Palaeobiology programme (NSF) [1251678]; Swedish Research Council VR [2014-5828]; Swedish Research Council Formas [2014-1193]; University of Nebraska; National Research Council FX This manuscript was conceived at the Managing for Resilience Working Group, funded by the United States Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis. This work was supported, in part, by the August T. Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, the NSF's Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) programme (NSF no. 0903469), the Sedimentary Geology and Palaeobiology programme (NSF no. 1251678), the Swedish Research Councils VR (2014-5828) and Formas (2014-1193). A University of Nebraska Presidential Graduate Fellowship and a National Research Council Research Associateship also provided support for this project. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUN 29 PY 2016 VL 283 IS 1833 AR 20160249 DI 10.1098/rspb.2016.0249 PG 6 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DT1MR UT WOS:000381247300017 ER PT J AU Gomberg, J Wech, A Creager, K Obara, K Agnew, D AF Gomberg, J. Wech, A. Creager, K. Obara, K. Agnew, D. TI Reconsidering earthquake scaling SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SLOW SLIP EVENTS; INTERFACE; MECHANISM; MODELS; TREMOR AB The relationship (scaling) between scalar moment, M-0, and duration, T, potentially provides key constraints on the physics governing fault slip. The prevailing interpretation of M-0-T observations proposes different scaling for fast (earthquakes) and slow (mostly aseismic) slip populations and thus fundamentally different driving mechanisms. We show that a single model of slip events within bounded slip zones may explain nearly all fast and slow slip M-0-T observations, and both slip populations have a change in scaling, where the slip area growth changes from 2-D when too small to sense the boundaries to 1-D when large enough to be bounded. We present new fast and slow slip M-0-T observations that sample the change in scaling in each population, which are consistent with our interpretation. We suggest that a continuous but bimodal distribution of slip modes exists and M-0-T observations alone may not imply a fundamental difference between fast and slow slip. C1 [Gomberg, J.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wech, A.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. [Creager, K.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Obara, K.] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo, Japan. [Agnew, D.] Univ Calif San Diego, IGPP, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Gomberg, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gomberg@usgs.gov OI Gomberg, Joan/0000-0002-0134-2606 NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 12 BP 6243 EP 6251 DI 10.1002/2016GL069967 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DS6RN UT WOS:000380910100041 ER PT J AU Arp, CD Jones, BM Grosse, G Bondurant, AC Romanovsky, VE Hinkel, KM Parsekian, AD AF Arp, Christopher D. Jones, Benjamin M. Grosse, Guido Bondurant, Allen C. Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Hinkel, Kenneth M. Parsekian, Andrew D. TI Threshold sensitivity of shallow Arctic lakes and sublake permafrost to changing winter climate SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMOKARST LAKES; WATER AVAILABILITY; ICE THICKNESS; COASTAL-PLAIN; NORTH SLOPE; THAW LAKES; ALASKA; AMPLIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES AB Interactions and feedbacks between abundant surface waters and permafrost fundamentally shape lowland Arctic landscapes. Sublake permafrost is maintained when the maximum ice thickness (MIT) exceeds lake depth and mean annual bed temperatures (MABTs) remain below freezing. However, declining MIT since the 1970s is likely causing talik development below shallow lakes. Here we show high-temperature sensitivity to winter ice growth at the water-sediment interface of shallow lakes based on year-round lake sensor data. Empirical model experiments suggest that shallow (1m depth) lakes have warmed substantially over the last 30years (2.4 degrees C), with MABT above freezing 5 of the last 7 years. This is incomparison to slower rates of warming in deeper (3 m) lakes (0.9 degrees C), with already well-developed taliks. Our findings indicate that permafrost below shallow lakes has already begun crossing a critical thawing threshold approximately 70 years prior to predicted terrestrial permafrost thaw in northern Alaska. C1 [Arp, Christopher D.; Bondurant, Allen C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Grosse, Guido] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. [Romanovsky, Vladimir E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hinkel, Kenneth M.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Parsekian, Andrew D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Arp, CD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM cdarp@alaska.edu RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011 OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141 FU National Science Foundation [ARC-1107481, ARC-1417300]; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Bureau of Land Management FX Funding for this study was provided primarily by the National Science Foundation (ARC-1107481, ARC-1417300) with additional funding from the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Bureau of Land Management. We thank K. Frey, B. Gaglioti, R. Beck, A. Townsend-Small, and M. Whitman who assisted with field work and logistics for this study. We thank Jim Webster for the many years of flight support to and from the field sites and help with field work. M. Walvoord and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive input on this manuscript. The majority of data used in this analysis are publically available at https://www.aoncadis.org/ and http://www.arcticlakes.org/. Any use of trade, product, or firmnames is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 12 BP 6358 EP 6365 DI 10.1002/2016GL068506 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DS6RN UT WOS:000380910100054 ER PT J AU Lee, S Yeo, IY Sadeghi, AM McCarty, GW Hively, WD Lang, MW AF Lee, Sangchul Yeo, In-Young Sadeghi, Ali M. McCarty, Gregory W. Hively, W. Dean Lang, Megan W. TI Impacts of Watershed Characteristics and Crop Rotations on Winter Cover Crop Nitrate-Nitrogen Uptake Capacity within Agricultural Watersheds in the Chesapeake Bay Region SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NUTRIENT-UPTAKE EFFICIENCY; MODEL CALIBRATION; UNITED-STATES; SWAT MODEL; QUALITY; SIMULATION; SOIL; MINERALIZATION; RESIDUES; CORN AB The adoption rate of winter cover crops (WCCs) as an effective conservation management practice to help reduce agricultural nutrient loads in the Chesapeake Bay (CB) is increasing. However, the WCC potential for water quality improvement has not been fully realized at the watershed scale. This study was conducted to evaluate the long-term impact of WCCs on hydrology and NO3-N loads in two adjacent watersheds and to identify key management factors that affect the effectiveness of WCCs using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and statistical methods. Simulation results indicated that WCCs are effective for reducing NO3-N loads and their performance varied based on planting date, species, soil characteristics, and crop rotations. Early-planted WCCs outperformed late-planted WCCs on the reduction of NO3-N loads and early-planted rye (RE) reduced NO3-N loads by similar to 49.3% compared to the baseline (no WCC). The WCCs were more effective in a watershed dominated by well-drained soils with increased reductions in NO3-N fluxes of similar to 2.5 kg N.ha(-1) delivered to streams and similar to 10.1 kg N.ha(-1) leached into groundwater compared to poorly-drained soils. Well-drained agricultural lands had higher transport of NO3-N in the soil profile and groundwater due to increased N leaching. Poorly-drained agricultural lands had lower NO3-N due to extensive drainage ditches and anaerobic soil conditions promoting denitrification. The performance of WCCs varied by crop rotations (i.e., continuous corn and corn-soybean), with increased N uptake following soybean crops due to the increased soil mineral N availability by mineralization of soybean residue compared to corn residue. The WCCs can reduce N leaching where baseline NO3-N loads are high in well-drained soils and/or when residual and mineralized N availability is high due to the cropping practices. The findings suggested that WCC implementation plans should be established in watersheds according to local edaphic and agronomic characteristics for reducing N leaching. C1 [Lee, Sangchul; Yeo, In-Young; Lang, Megan W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yeo, In-Young] Univ Newcastle, Sch Engn, Callaghan, NSW, Australia. [Sadeghi, Ali M.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [McCarty, Gregory W.; Hively, W. Dean] USGS, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Yeo, IY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Yeo, IY (reprint author), Univ Newcastle, Sch Engn, Callaghan, NSW, Australia. EM In-Young.Yeo@newcastle.edu.au FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration Land Cover and Land Use Change Program; United States Department of Agriculture Conservation Effects Assessment Project; U.S. Geological Survey Land Change Science Program; UMD Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund FX This research was supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration Land Cover and Land Use Change Program (http://lcluc.umd.edu/), United States Department of Agriculture Conservation Effects Assessment Project (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/technical/nra/ce ap/), U.S. Geological Survey Land Change Science Program (http://www.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/lcs/), and the UMD Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund (http://www.lib.umd.edu/oa/openaccessfund). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 28 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 6 AR e0157637 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0157637 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DQ0AH UT WOS:000378858900012 PM 27352119 ER PT J AU Hapke, WB Morace, JL Nilsen, EB Alvarez, DA Masterson, K AF Hapke, Whitney B. Morace, Jennifer L. Nilsen, Elena B. Alvarez, David A. Masterson, Kevin TI Year-Round Monitoring of Contaminants in Neal and Rogers Creeks, Hood River Basin, Oregon, 2011-12, and Assessment of Risks to Salmonids SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; ENDANGERED PACIFIC SALMON; PESTICIDE MIXTURES; COHO SALMON; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; CHIRONOMUS-TENTANS; UNITED-STATES AB Pesticide presence in streams is a potential threat to Endangered Species Act listed salmonids in the Hood River basin, Oregon, a primarily forested and agricultural basin. Two types of passive samplers, polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs), were simultaneously deployed at four sites in the basin during Mar. 2011-Mar. 2012 to measure the presence of pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The year-round use of passive samplers is a novel approach and offers several new insights. Currently used pesticides and legacy contaminants, including many chlorinated pesticides and PBDEs, were present throughout the year in the basin's streams. PCBs were not detected. Time-weighted average water concentrations for the 2-month deployment periods were estimated from concentrations of chemicals measured in the passive samplers. Currently used pesticide concentrations peaked during spring and were detected beyond their seasons of expected use. Summed concentrations of legacy contaminants in Neal Creek were highest during July-Sept., the period with the lowest streamflows. Endosulfan was the only pesticide detected in passive samplers at concentrations exceeding Oregon or U.S. Environmental Protection Agency water-quality thresholds. A Sensitive Pesticide Toxicity Index (SPTI) was used to estimate the relative acute potential toxicity among sample mixtures. The acute potential toxicity of the detected mixtures was likely greater for invertebrates than for fish and for all samples in Neal Creek compared to Rogers Creek, but the indices appear to be low overall (<0.1). Endosulfans and pyrethroid insecticides were the largest contributors to the SPTIs for both sites. SPTIs of some discrete (grab) samples from the basin that were used for comparison exceeded 0.1 when some insecticides (azinphos methyl, chlorpyrifos, malathion) were detected at concentrations near or exceeding acute water-quality thresholds. Early life stages and adults of several sensitive fish species, including salmonids, are present in surface waters of the basin throughout the year, including during periods of peak estimated potential toxicity. Based on these data, direct toxicity to salmonids from in-stream pesticide exposure is unlikely, but indirect impacts (reduced fitness due to cumulative exposures or negative impacts to invertebrate prey populations) are unknown. C1 [Hapke, Whitney B.; Morace, Jennifer L.; Nilsen, Elena B.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Alvarez, David A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Masterson, Kevin] Oregon Dept Environm Qual, Bend, OR USA. RP Morace, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. EM jlmorace@usgs.gov FU Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs (CTWS); Hood River Soil and Water Conservation District; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program [6000001714] FX Funding was provided by the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs (CTWS) (wsfish.org), the Hood River Soil and Water Conservation District (hoodriverswcd.org), and the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program (water.usgs.gov/coop/), under Joint Funding Agreement #6000001714 (JLM). The authors led the study design process and were solely responsible for analysis and interpretation of data; writing of the paper; and the decision to submit for publication. Personnel from CTWS contributed to study design; selection of sampling locations, field work, and sample collection. NR 102 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 27 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 6 AR e0158175 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0158175 PG 32 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DP9FD UT WOS:000378801200046 PM 27348521 ER PT J AU Jordan, S Giersch, JJ Muhlfeld, CC Hotaling, S Fanning, L Tappenbeck, TH Luikart, G AF Jordan, Steve Giersch, J. Joseph Muhlfeld, Clint C. Hotaling, Scott Fanning, Liz Tappenbeck, Tyler H. Luikart, Gordon TI Loss of Genetic Diversity and Increased Subdivision in an Endemic Alpine Stonefly Threatened by Climate Change SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INDUCED RANGE CONTRACTION; DNA; EPHEMEROPTERA; BIODIVERSITY; EXTINCTION; PLECOPTERA; SOFTWARE; PRIMERS; PROGRAM; SYSTEMS AB Much remains unknown about the genetic status and population connectivity of high-elevation and high-latitude freshwater invertebrates, which often persist near snow and ice masses that are disappearing due to climate change. Here we report on the conservation genetics of the meltwater stonefly Lednia tumana (Ricker) of Montana, USA, a cold-water obligate species. We sequenced 1530 bp of mtDNA from 116 L. tumana individuals representing "historic" (> 10 yr old) and 2010 populations. The dominant haplotype was common in both time periods, while the second-most-common haplotype was found only in historic samples, having been lost in the interim. The 2010 populations also showed reduced gene and nucleotide diversity and increased genetic isolation. We found lower genetic diversity in L. tumana compared to two other North American stonefly species, Amphinemura linda (Ricker) and Pteronarcys californica Newport. Our results imply small effective sizes, increased fragmentation, limited gene flow, and loss of genetic variation among contemporary L. tumana populations, which can lead to reduced adaptive capacity and increased extinction risk. This study reinforces concerns that ongoing glacier loss threatens the persistence of L. tumana, and provides baseline data and analysis of how future environmental change could impact populations of similar organisms. C1 [Jordan, Steve; Fanning, Liz] Bucknell Univ, Dept Biol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Giersch, J. Joseph; Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.; Tappenbeck, Tyler H.; Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Montana Conservat Genom Lab, Div Biol Sci, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Hotaling, Scott] Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY USA. RP Jordan, S (reprint author), Bucknell Univ, Dept Biol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. EM steve.jordan@bucknell.edu FU Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative; United States National Science Foundation [NSF-1067613]; USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; United States National Park Service; Bucknell University; University of Montana Flathead Lake Biological Station FX Funding was provided by the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative, the United States National Science Foundation (NSF-1067613 to GL), the USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, the United States National Park Service, University of Montana Flathead Lake Biological Station, and Bucknell University.; Thanks to Jane Jordan for help with the analysis. Funding was provided by the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative, the United States National Science Foundation (NSF-1067613 to GL), the USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, the United States National Park Service, University of Montana Flathead Lake Biological Station, and Bucknell University. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 20 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 27 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 6 AR e0157386 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0157386 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DP9FD UT WOS:000378801200009 PM 27348125 ER PT J AU Johnson, NS Miehls, S O'Connor, LM Bravener, G Barber, J Thompson, H Tix, JA Bruning, T AF Johnson, Nicholas S. Miehls, Scott O'Connor, Lisa M. Bravener, Gale Barber, Jessica Thompson, Henry Tix, John A. Bruning, Tyler TI A portable trap with electric lead catches up to 75% of an invasive fish species SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID LAMPREYS PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SEA-LAMPREY; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; FLOW REGULATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREAT-LAKES; MANAGEMENT; HYDROPOWER; BARRIERS; FIELDS AB A novel system combining a trap and pulsed direct current electricity was able to catch up to 75% of tagged invasive sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus in free-flowing streams. Non-target mortality was rare and impacts to non-target migration were minimal; likely because pulsed direct current only needed to be activated at night (7 hours of each day). The system was completely portable and the annual cost of the trapping system was low ($ 4,800 U.S. dollars). Use of the technology is poised to substantially advance integrated control of sea lamprey, which threaten a fishery valued at 7 billion U.S. dollars annually, and help restore sea lamprey populations in Europe where they are native, but imperiled. The system may be broadly applicable to controlling invasive fishes and restoring valued fishes worldwide, thus having far reaching effects on ecosystems and societies. C1 [Johnson, Nicholas S.; Miehls, Scott; Thompson, Henry; Tix, John A.; Bruning, Tyler] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [O'Connor, Lisa M.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, 1219 Queen St,East Sault Ste, Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Bravener, Gale] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, 1219 Queen St,East Sault Ste, Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Barber, Jessica] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 3090 Wright St, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Johnson, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM njohnson@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX Funding and support was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. Mathew Irvine from Fishways Global provided valuable technical support designing and deploying the electric lead. Greg Klingler, Erick Larson, Kevin Letson, Lisa and Mary Ann MacDonald, Hugh McMath, Garrett Roth, Clinton Wilson, and Evan Wrigley where critical components of the field crew. Michael Hansen, Weiming Li, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on an early draft of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This manuscript is contribution 2,044 of the Great Lakes Science Center. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JUN 24 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 28430 DI 10.1038/srep28430 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DP6HD UT WOS:000378597100001 PM 27341485 ER PT J AU Figurski, JD Freiwald, J Lonhart, SI Storlazzi, CD AF Figurski, Jared D. Freiwald, Jan Lonhart, Steve I. Storlazzi, Curt D. TI Seasonal sediment dynamics shape temperate bedrock reef communities SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Benthic; Diversity; Intermediate disturbance hypothesis; Mobile invertebrates; Physical disturbance; Recruitment; Sessile; Seafloor mapping; Kelp forest ecology ID INTERMEDIATE DISTURBANCE HYPOTHESIS; CRUSTOSE CORALLINE ALGAE; NORTHERN MONTEREY-BAY; SEA-FLOOR; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; SPECIES RICHNESS; PATCH DYNAMICS; ROCKY SHORES; DIVERSITY; SHELF AB Mobilized seafloor sediment can impact benthic reef communities through burial, scour, and turbidity. These processes are ubiquitous in coastal oceans and, through their influence on the survival, fitness, and interactions of species, can alter the structure and function of benthic communities. In northern Monterey Bay, California, USA, as much as 30% of the seafloor is buried or exposed seasonally, making this an ideal location to test how subtidal temperate rocky reef communities vary in the presence and absence of chronic sediment-based disturbances. Designated dynamic plots were naturally inundated by sediment in summer (50 to 100% cover) and swept clean in winter, whereas designated stable plots remained free of sediment during our study. Multivariate analyses indicated significant differences in the structure of sessile and mobile communities between dynamic and stable reef habitats. For sessile species, community structure in disturbed plots was less variable in space and time than in stable plots due to the maintenance of an early successional state. In contrast, community structure of mobile species varied more in disturbed plots than in stable plots, reflecting how mobile species distribute in response to sediment dynamics. Some species were found only in these disturbed areas, suggesting that the spatial mosaic of disturbance could increase regional diversity. We discuss how the relative ability of species to tolerate disturbance at different life history stages and their ability to colonize habitat translate into community-level differences among habitats, and how this response varies between mobile and sessile communities. C1 [Figurski, Jared D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Freiwald, Jan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Lonhart, Steve I.] NOAA, Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Storlazzi, Curt D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Figurski, Jared D.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Figurski, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.; Figurski, JD (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM jared@mbari.org FU US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program's Benthic Habitats (Pacific) Project; Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of the Coastal Oceans (PISCO); David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX The work was funded by the US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program's Benthic Habitats (Pacific) Project to better understand the effects of geologic and oceanographic processes on coastal and marine ecosystems, and by the Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of the Coastal Oceans (PISCO). We thank Mark Carr (UCSC), Pete Raimondi (UCSC), and Melissa Foley (USGS) for their comments and advice that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. This is contribution number (Number to be provided upon acceptance) from PISCO, funded primarily by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Use of trademark names does not imply USGS endorsement of products. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD JUN 23 PY 2016 VL 552 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.3354/meps11763 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DR3OJ UT WOS:000379812200002 ER PT J AU Scott, E Springer, KB AF Scott, Eric Springer, Kathleen B. TI First records of Canis dirus and Smilodon fatalis from the late Pleistocene Tule Springs local fauna, upper Las Vegas Wash, Nevada SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Tule Springs; Canis dirus; Smilodon fatalis; Rancholabrean; Las Vegas Wash ID DISCHARGE; VALLEY; CATS AB Late Pleistocene groundwater discharge deposits (paleowetlands) in the upper Las Vegas Wash north of Las Vegas, Nevada, have yielded an abundant and diverse vertebrate fossil assemblage,the Tule Springs local fauna (TSLF) The TSLF is the largest open-site vertebrate fossil assemblage dating to the Rancholabrean North American Land Mammal Age in the body fossil localities southern Great Basin and Mojave Desert. Over 600 discrete have been recorded from the wash including an area that now encompasses Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument (TUSK). Paleowetland sediments exposed in TUSK named the Las Vegas Formation span the last 250 ka, with fossiliferous sediments spanning similar to 100-13 ka. The recovered fauna is dominated by remains of Camelops and Mammuthus, and also includes relatively common remains of extinct Equus and Bison as well as abundant vertebrate microfaunal fossils. Large carnivorans are rare, with only Puma concolor and Panthera atrox documented previously. Postcranial remains' assigned to the species Canis dirus (dire wolf) and Smilodon fatalis (sabre-toothed cat) represent the first confirmed records of these species from the TSLF, as well as the first documentation of Canis dirus in Nevada and the only known occurrence of Smilodon in southern Nevada. The size of the recovered canid fossil precludes assignment to other Pleistocene species of Canis. The morphology of the felid elements differentiates them from other large predators such as Panthera, Homotherium, and Xenosmilus, and the size of the fossils prevents assignment to other species of Smilodon. The confirmed presence of S. fatalis in the TSLF is of particular interest, indicating that this species inhabited open habitat. In turn, this suggests that the presumed preference of S. fatalis for closed-habitat environments hunting requires further elucidation. C1 [Scott, Eric; Springer, Kathleen B.] San Bernardino Cty Museum, Div Geol Sci, Redlands, CA USA. [Scott, Eric] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dr John D Cooper Archaeol & Paleontol Ctr, Fullerton, CA USA. [Springer, Kathleen B.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Scott, E (reprint author), San Bernardino Cty Museum, Div Geol Sci, Redlands, CA USA.; Scott, E (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dr John D Cooper Archaeol & Paleontol Ctr, Fullerton, CA USA. EM CaptainFossil@gmail.com FU Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Southern Nevada District Office [L08AC13098] FX Work was performed under Grant L08AC13098, "The Upper Las Vegas Wash Conservation Transfer Area, Clark County, NV: Treatment, Protection, and Interpretation of Heritage Paleontological Resources through Public Involvement," from the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Southern Nevada District Office. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD JUN 21 PY 2016 VL 4 AR e2151 DI 10.7717/peerj.2151 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DP2VI UT WOS:000378351000007 PM 27366649 ER PT J AU Hwang, C Yang, YD Kao, R Han, JC Shum, CK Galloway, DL Sneed, M Hung, WC Cheng, YS Li, F AF Hwang, Cheinway Yang, Yuande Kao, Ricky Han, Jiancheng Shum, C. K. Galloway, Devin L. Sneed, Michelle Hung, Wei-Chia Cheng, Yung-Sheng Li, Fei TI Time-varying land subsidence detected by radar altimetry: California, Taiwan and north China SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID AQUIFER-SYSTEM COMPACTION; GROUNDWATER DEPLETION; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; TOPEX/POSEIDON; DEFORMATION AB Contemporary applications of radar altimetry include sea-level rise, ocean circulation, marine gravity, and icesheet elevation change. Unlike InSAR and GNSS, which are widely used to map surface deformation, altimetry is neither reliant on highly temporally-correlated ground features nor as limited by the available spatial coverage, and can provide long-term temporal subsidence monitoring capability. Here we use multi-mission radar altimetry with an approximately 23 year data-span to quantify land subsidence in cropland areas. Subsidence rates from TOPEX/POSEIDON, JASON-1, ENVISAT, and JASON-2 during 1992-2015 show time-varying trends with respect to displacement over time in California's San Joaquin Valley and central Taiwan, possibly related to changes in land use, climatic conditions (drought) and regulatory measures affecting groundwater use. Near Hanford, California, subsidence rates reach 18 cm yr(-1) with a cumulative subsidence of 206 cm, which potentially could adversely affect operations of the planned California High-Speed Rail. The maximum subsidence rate in central Taiwan is 8 cm yr(-1). Radar altimetry also reveals time-varying subsidence in the North China Plain consistent with the declines of groundwater storage and existing water infrastructure detected by the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites, with rates reaching 20 cm yr(-1) and cumulative subsidence as much as 155 cm. C1 [Hwang, Cheinway; Kao, Ricky; Han, Jiancheng; Cheng, Yung-Sheng] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 1001 Ta Hsueh Rd, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Yang, Yuande; Li, Fei] Wuhan Univ, Chinese Antarctic Ctr Surveying & Mapping, 129 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Shum, C. K.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geodesy & Geophys, State Key Lab Geodesy & Earth Dynam, Wuhan 43077, Peoples R China. [Shum, C. K.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Div Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Galloway, Devin L.] US Geol Survey, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Sneed, Michelle] US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Hung, Wei-Chia] Green Environm Engn Consultant Co LTD, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Hwang, C (reprint author), Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 1001 Ta Hsueh Rd, Hsinchu, Taiwan. EM cheinway@mail.nctu.edu.tw OI Galloway, Devin/0000-0003-0904-5355 FU MOST/Taiwan [103-2221-E-009-114-MY3]; NSFC/China [41429401, 41374020]; MOST/China [2013CBA01804]; NASA's Concept in Advanced Geodesy Program [NNX12AK28G]; Belmont Forum/IGFA NSF Grant - Ohio State University component of this research [ICER-1342644]; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water and Groundwater Resources Programs FX We are grateful to JPL/NASA for the TOPEX/POSEIDON, JASON-1 and JASON-2 altimeter data, which are provided to our team through the web site of AVISO. ENVISAT altimeter data are provided by the European Space Agency. This work is supported by MOST/Taiwan Grant 103-2221-E-009-114-MY3, NSFC/China Grants 41429401 and 41374020, and MOST/China grant 2013CBA01804. NASA's Concept in Advanced Geodesy Program (NNX12AK28G), and Belmont Forum/IGFA NSF Grant (ICER-1342644) partially supported the Ohio State University component of this research. The U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water and Groundwater Resources Programs supported portions of this work. The Landsat images were provided by: U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, 2015, Landsat products and services: EROS, Glovis Web page, accessed 29 September 2015 at http://glovis.usgs.gov/. The SPOT satellite images are courtesy of the Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University (http://140.115.110.11/index_WMTS.php/). The terms of reference for using the SPOT images are as follows: Following the open data policy promoted by the Taiwan government, the Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research at National Central University provides free and open SPOT satellite images of the whole island of Taiwan from 1996 to 2014 to any organization or individual in Taiwan with a non-profit purpose. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JUN 21 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 28160 DI 10.1038/srep28160 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DP1BT UT WOS:000378226100002 PM 27324935 ER PT J AU Buatois, LA Mangano, MG Olea, RA Wilson, MA AF Buatois, Luis A. Mangano, Maria G. Olea, Ricardo A. Wilson, Mark A. TI Decoupled evolution of soft and hard substrate communities during the Cambrian Explosion and Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE bioturbation; bioerosion; trace fossils; evolutionary radiations; rarefaction analysis ID MARINE LIFE; TRACE FOSSILS; DIVERSITY; DISPARITY; RADIATION; RECORD; FAUNA AB Contrasts between the Cambrian Explosion (CE) and the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) have long been recognized. Whereas the vast majority of body plans were established as a result of the CE, taxonomic increases during the GOBE were manifested at lower taxonomic levels. Assessing changes of ichnodiversity and ichnodisparity as a result of these two evolutionary events may shed light on the dynamics of both radiations. The early Cambrian (series 1 and 2) displayed a dramatic increase in ichnodiversity and ichnodisparity in softground communities. In contrast to this evolutionary explosion in bioturbation structures, only a few Cambrian bioerosion structures are known. After the middle to late Cambrian diversity plateau, ichnodiversity in softground communities shows a continuous increase during the Ordovician in both shallow-and deep-marine environments. This Ordovician increase in bioturbation diversity was not paralleled by an equally significant increase in ichnodisparity as it was during the CE. However, hard substrate communities were significantly different during the GOBE, with an increase in ichnodiversity and ichnodisparity. Innovations in macrobioerosion clearly lagged behind animal-substrate interactions in unconsolidated sediment. The underlying causes of this evolutionary decoupling are unclear but may have involved three interrelated factors: (i) a Middle to Late Ordovician increase in available hard substrates for bioerosion, (ii) increased predation, and (iii) higher energetic requirements for bioerosion compared with bioturbation. C1 [Buatois, Luis A.; Mangano, Maria G.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Olea, Ricardo A.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wilson, Mark A.] Coll Wooster, Dept Geol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Buatois, LA (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. EM luis.buatois@usask.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council [311727-05/08/13, 311726-05/08/15] FX Ricardo Astini, Stefan Bengtson, Jake Benner, Andrey Dronov, David Jablonski, Noel James, Eduardo Mayoral, Arnie Miller, James Sprinkle, Steve Stanley, Leif Tapanila, and Olev Vinn provided useful feedback during the course of this project. We received valuable reviews by Thomas Servais, an anonymous referee, and the Editor. Kai Zhou assisted us with plotting the information in tables and charts. We thank John Repetski and Chris Swezey for insightful comments. Financial support for this research was provided by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grants 311727-05/08/13 and 311726-05/08/15 (to M.G.M. and L.A.B., respectively). NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 18 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 21 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 25 BP 6945 EP 6948 DI 10.1073/pnas.1523087113 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DP1TN UT WOS:000378272400048 PM 27247396 ER PT J AU Johnson, FA Fackler, PL Boomer, GS Zimmerman, GS Williams, BK Nichols, JD Dorazio, RM AF Johnson, Fred A. Fackler, Paul L. Boomer, G. Scott Zimmerman, Guthrie S. Williams, Byron K. Nichols, James D. Dorazio, Robert M. TI State-Dependent Resource Harvesting with Lagged Information about System States SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE-MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK; OPTIMAL FIRE MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; UNCERTAINTY; OPTIMIZATION; CONSERVATION; PERSISTENCE; POPULATION; STRATEGIES; HABITAT AB Markov decision processes (MDPs), which involve a temporal sequence of actions conditioned on the state of the managed system, are increasingly being applied in natural resource management. This study focuses on the modification of a traditional MDP to account for those cases in which an action must be chosen after a significant time lag in observing system state, but just prior to a new observation. In order to calculate an optimal decision policy under these conditions, possible actions must be conditioned on the previous observed system state and action taken. We show how to solve these problems when the state transition structure is known and when it is uncertain. Our focus is on the latter case, and we show how actions must be conditioned not only on the previous system state and action, but on the probabilities associated with alternative models of system dynamics. To demonstrate this framework, we calculated and simulated optimal, adaptive policies for MDPs with lagged states for the problem of deciding annual harvest regulations for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in the United States. In this particular example, changes in harvest policy induced by the use of lagged information about system state were sufficient to maintain expected management performance (e.g. population size, harvest) even in the face of an uncertain system state at the time of a decision. C1 [Johnson, Fred A.; Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Fackler, Paul L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Boomer, G. Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD USA. [Zimmerman, Guthrie S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Sacramento, CA USA. [Williams, Byron K.] Wildlife Soc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Johnson, FA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. EM fjohnson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (through an interagency agreement). URL:http://www.fws.gov/birds/index.php. The funder (Ken Richkus) had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 17 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 6 AR e0157373 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0157373 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DO8JQ UT WOS:000378030000022 PM 27314852 ER PT J AU Picard, A Gartman, A Girguis, PR AF Picard, Aude Gartman, Amy Girguis, Peter R. TI What Do We Really Know about the Role of Microorganisms in Iron Sulfide Mineral Formation? SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE iron sulfide mineral; biomineralization; pyrite; mackinawite; greigite; microbial sulfate reduction; microbial sulfur disproportionation; sulfate-reducing prokaryotes ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENT; CRYPTIC SULFUR CYCLE; X-RAY MICROSCOPY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; MAGNETOTACTIC BACTERIUM; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; AUTHIGENIC MINERALS; ORGANIC-MATTER AB Iron sulfide mineralization in low-temperature systems is a result of biotic and abiotic processes, though the delineation between these two modes of formation is not always straightforward. Here we review the role of microorganisms in the precipitation of extracellular iron sulfide minerals. We summarize the evidence that links sulfur-metabolizing microorganisms and sulfide minerals in nature and we present a critical overview of laboratory-based studies of the nucleation and growth of iron sulfide minerals in microbial cultures. We discuss whether biologically derived minerals are distinguishable from abiotic minerals, possessing attributes that are uniquely diagnostic of biomineralization. These inquiries have revealed the need for additional thorough, mechanistic and high-resolution studies to understand microbially mediated formation of a variety of sulfide minerals across a range of natural environments. C1 [Picard, Aude; Girguis, Peter R.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gartman, Amy] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Picard, A (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; Gartman, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM apicard@fas.harvard.edu; agartman@usgs.gov OI Picard, Aude/0000-0001-5804-8857 FU National Science Foundation [1344241] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1344241. We thank Alyssa J. Findlay and Elizabeth D. Swanner for providing comments and suggestions regarding the manuscript. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 2296-6463 J9 FRONT EARTH SCI JI Front. Earth Sci. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 4 DI 10.3389/feart.2016.00068 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EJ3WU UT WOS:000393143700001 ER PT J AU Mast, MA Murphy, SF Clow, DW Penn, CA Sexstone, GA AF Mast, M. Alisa Murphy, Sheila F. Clow, David W. Penn, Colin A. Sexstone, Graham A. TI Water-quality response to a high-elevation wildfire in the Colorado Front Range SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE wildfire; water quality; continuous monitoring; nutrients; yields; Colorado Front Range ID ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; LODGEPOLE PINE; NATIONAL-PARK; FIRE REGIMES; FOREST; NITROGEN; STREAMS; CHEMISTRY; SOIL; PHOSPHORUS AB Water quality of the Big Thompson River in the Front Range of Colorado was studied for 2years following a high-elevation wildfire that started in October 2012 and burned 15% of the watershed. A combination of fixed-interval sampling and continuous water-quality monitors was used to examine the timing and magnitude of water-quality changes caused by the wildfire. Prefire water quality was well characterized because the site has been monitored at least monthly since the early 2000s. Major ions and nitrate showed the largest changes in concentrations; major ion increases were greatest in the first postfire snowmelt period, but nitrate increases were greatest in the second snowmelt period. The delay in nitrate release until the second snowmelt season likely reflected a combination of factors including fire timing, hydrologic regime, and rates of nitrogen transformations. Despite the small size of the fire, annual yields of dissolved constituents from the watershed increased 20-52% in the first 2years following the fire. Turbidity data from the continuous sensor indicated high-intensity summer rain storms had a much greater effect on sediment transport compared to snowmelt. High-frequency sensor data also revealed that weekly sampling missed the concentration peak during snowmelt and short-duration spikes during rain events, underscoring the challenge of characterizing postfire water-quality response with fixed-interval sampling. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Mast, M. Alisa; Clow, David W.; Penn, Colin A.; Sexstone, Graham A.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Murphy, Sheila F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mast, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mamast@usgs.gov RI Sexstone, Graham/L-2346-2016; OI Sexstone, Graham/0000-0001-8913-0546; Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Networks and Analysis Program FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Networks and Analysis Program. We thank Sue Hartley, Abby Keith, Brett Uhle, and Jeff Writer with the USGS for assistance with field and laboratory work. Mike Stevens (USGS) and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 14 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1811 EP 1823 DI 10.1002/hyp.10755 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DQ4RT UT WOS:000379191700001 ER PT J AU Pfister, CA Roy, K Wootton, JT McCoy, SJ Paine, RT Suchanek, TH Sanford, E AF Pfister, Catherine A. Roy, Kaustuv Wootton, J. Timothy McCoy, Sophie J. Paine, Robert T. Suchanek, Thomas H. Sanford, Eric TI Historical baselines and the future of shell calcification for a foundation species in a changing ocean SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ocean acidification; California mussel; California current large marine ecosystem; ocean pH; shell thickness; Mytilus californianus ID MYTILUS-CALIFORNIANUS; CALCIFYING ORGANISMS; INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY; MARINE ORGANISMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GROWTH-RATES; ACIDIFICATION; MUSSEL; PREY; PREDATION AB Seawater pH and the availability of carbonate ions are decreasing due to anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, posing challenges for calcifying marine species. Marine mussels are of particular concern given their role as foundation species worldwide. Here, we document shell growth and calcification patterns in Mytilus californianus, the California mussel, over millennial and decadal scales. By comparing shell thickness across the largest modern shells, the largest mussels collected in the 1960s-1970s and shells from two Native American midden sites (similar to 1000-2420 years BP), we found that modern shells are thinner overall, thinner per age category and thinner per unit length. Thus, the largest individuals of this species are calcifying less now than in the past. Comparisons of shell thickness in smaller individuals over the past 10-40 years, however, do not show significant shell thinning. Given our sampling strategy, these results are unlikely to simply reflect within-site variability or preservation effects. Review of environmental and biotic drivers known to affect shell calcification suggests declining ocean pH as a likely explanation for the observed shell thinning. Further future decreases in shell thickness could have significant negative impacts on M. californianus survival and, in turn, negatively impact the species-rich complex that occupies mussel beds. C1 [Pfister, Catherine A.; Wootton, J. Timothy; McCoy, Sophie J.] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, 940 E 57Th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Roy, Kaustuv] Univ Calif San Diego, Sect Ecol Behav & Evolut, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Paine, Robert T.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Suchanek, Thomas H.] Univ Calif Davis, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Suchanek, Thomas H.; Sanford, Eric] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Suchanek, Thomas H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sanford, Eric] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McCoy, Sophie J.] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, B-157, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Pfister, CA (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, 940 E 57Th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM cpfister@uchicago.edu FU SeaDoc Foundation; NSF [OCE01-17801, OCE09-28232, DEB09-19420, OCE-75-20958]; DoD NDSEG Fellowship; NSF GRFP Fellowship FX Funding was provided by The SeaDoc Foundation, NSF grants OCE01-17801 (J.T.W. and C.A.P.), OCE09-28232 (C.A.P.), DEB09-19420 (J.T.W.), OCE-75-20958 (T.H.S.) and DoD NDSEG, and NSF GRFP Fellowships (S.J.M.). NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 283 IS 1832 AR 20160392 DI 10.1098/rspb.2016.0392 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DP2KZ UT WOS:000378318700012 ER PT J AU Milker, Y Nelson, AR Horton, BP Engelhart, SE Bradley, LA Witter, RC AF Milker, Yvonne Nelson, Alan R. Horton, Benjamin P. Engelhart, Simon E. Bradley, Lee-Ann Witter, Robert C. TI Differences in coastal subsidence in southern Oregon (USA) during at least six prehistoric megathrust earthquakes SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Salt-marsh foraminifera; Cascadia subduction zone; Transfer functions; Coseismic subsidence; Megathrust earthquakes; Paleoseismology; Sea-level change ID SALT-MARSH FORAMINIFERA; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; PAST 2000 YEARS; LATE HOLOCENE EARTHQUAKE; INDIAN-OCEAN TSUNAMI; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; TIDAL MARSH; COSEISMIC SUBSIDENCE; VANCOUVER-ISLAND AB Stratigraphic, sedimentologic (including Cr 3D X-ray tomography scans), foraminiferal, and radiocarbon analyses show that at least six of seven abrupt peat-to-mud contacts in cores from a tidal marsh at Talbot Creek (South Slough, Coos Bay), record sudden subsidence (relative sea-level rise) during great mega-thrust earthquakes at the Cascadia subduction zone. Data for one contact are insufficient to infer whether or not it records a great earthquake it may also have formed through local, non-seismic, hydrographic processes. To estimate the amount of subsidence marked by each contact, we expanded a previous regional modern foraminiferal dataset to 174 samples from six Oregon estuaries. Using a transfer function derived from the new dataset, estimates of coseismic subsidence across the six earthquake contacts vary from 0.31 m to 0.75 m. Comparison of subsidence estimates for three contacts in adjacent cores shows within-site differences of <= 0.10 m, about half the +/- 0.22 m error, although some estimates may be minimums due to uncertain ecological preferences for Balticammina pseudomacrescens in brackish environments and almost monospecific assemblages of Miliammina fusca on tidal flats. We also account for the influence of taphonomic processes, such as infiltration of mud with mixed foraminiferal assemblages into peat, on subsidence estimates. Comparisons of our subsidence estimates with values for correlative-contacts at other Oregon sites suggest that some of our estimates are minimums and that Cascadia's megathrust earthquake ruptures have been heterogeneous over the past 3500 years. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Milker, Yvonne] Univ Leipzig, Inst Geol & Geophys, Talstr 35, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Nelson, Alan R.; Bradley, Lee-Ann] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Milker, Yvonne; Horton, Benjamin P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, Sea Level Res, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Asian Sch Environm, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Engelhart, Simon E.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Woodward Hall,9 East Alumni Ave, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Witter, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Milker, Y (reprint author), Univ Leipzig, Inst Geol & Geophys, Talstr 35, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. EM Yvonne.Milker@uni-leipzig.de OI Engelhart, Simon/0000-0002-4431-4664 FU German Science Foundation (DFG) [MI 1508/2-1]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [1419824, EAR-1419844]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Hatch; Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station (RIAES) [5444]; Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve for permission to work at Talbot Creek marsh. We thank Craig Cornu and Mike Graybill (South Slough Research Reserve) for logistical support and encouragement during our fieldwork in October 2012 and the bachelor and diploma students Laura M. Wendt and Jennifer C. F. Remer (Univ. of Hamburg) for counting some of the fossil samples. Ann Morey (Oregon State Univ.) helped us obtain and interpret CT scans of cores by Jason Wiest (Oregon State Univ.). We further thank Andrew Kemp (Tufts Univ.) for his perceptive review of the paper and for guidance on transfer function statistics. The paper also benefited from the comments of an anonymous reviewer. The project was mainly carried out at the Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Institute for Geology, Univ. of Hamburg, and was supported by funding from the German Science Foundation (DFG) to Y. Milker (Award # MI 1508/2-1), by funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to B. P. Horton (Award 1419824) and to S. E. Engelhart (Award EAR-1419844) and is also supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch funding, and the Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station (RIAES contribution # 5444). A.R. Nelson's and R.C. Witter's research is supported by the Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This paper is a contribution to IGCP Project 639. NR 99 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 142 BP 143 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.04.017 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DP3BZ UT WOS:000378368700011 ER PT J AU Ng, K Szabo, Z Reilly, PA Barringer, JL Smalling, KL AF Ng, Kara Szabo, Zoltan Reilly, Pamela A. Barringer, Julia L. Smalling, Kelly L. TI An assessment of mercury in estuarine sediment and tissue in Southern New Jersey using public domain data SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Sediment; Mussel; Tissue; Estuary; New Jersey ID LONG-ISLAND SOUND; MUMMICHOGS FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; EGG HARBOR ESTUARY; COASTAL-PLAIN; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; HEAVY-METALS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; TROPHIC TRANSFER AB Mercury (Hg) is considered a contaminant of global concern for coastal environments due to its toxicity, widespread occurrence in sediment, and bioaccumulation in tissue. Coastal New Jersey, USA, is characterized by shallow bays and wetlands that provide critical habitat for wildlife but share space with expanding urban landscapes. This study was designed as an assessment of the magnitude and distribution of Hg in coastal New Jersey sediments and critical species using publicly available data to highlight potential data gaps. Mercury concentrations in estuary sediments can exceed 2 mu g/g and correlate with concentrations of other metals. Based on existing data, the concentrations of Hg in mussels in southern New Jersey are comparable to those observed in other urbanized Atlantic Coast estuaries. Lack of methylmercury data for sediments, other media, and tissues are data gaps needing to be filled for a clearer understanding of the impacts of Hg inputs to the ecosystem. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ng, Kara; Szabo, Zoltan; Reilly, Pamela A.; Barringer, Julia L.; Smalling, Kelly L.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. [Ng, Kara] CUNY City Coll, Grad Ctr, PhD Program Chem, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Ng, Kara] CUNY City Coll, Div Sci, Dept Chem & Biochem, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Szabo, Z (reprint author), 3450 Princeton Pike,Suite 110, Lawrenceville, NJ 08628 USA. EM zszabo@usgs.gov OI Ng, Kara/0000-0003-4669-272X FU City College of New York, Division of Science; United States Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center FX This study was funded by the United States Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center and The City College of New York, Division of Science. The managers of the funding sources did not participate in the design of the study, nor the interpretation or writing of the manuscript. All such decisions were solely made by the authors. NR 111 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 107 IS 1 BP 22 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.027 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DO4BL UT WOS:000377726700016 PM 27158049 ER PT J AU Collins, BD Bedford, DR Corbett, SC Cronkite-Ratcliff, C Fairley, HC AF Collins, Brian D. Bedford, David R. Corbett, Skye C. Cronkite-Ratcliff, Collin Fairley, Helen C. TI Relations between rainfall-runoff-induced erosion and aeolian deposition at archaeological sites in a semi-arid dam-controlled river corridor SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; erosion; runoff; archaeological; Grand Canyon ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; GRAND-CANYON; COLORADO RIVER; OVERLAND-FLOW; NEGEV DESERT; NEW-MEXICO; DRYLAND ENVIRONMENTS; FLUVIAL INTERACTIONS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES AB Process dynamics in fluvial-based dryland environments are highly complex with fluvial, aeolian, and alluvial processes all contributing to landscape change. When anthropogenic activities such as dam-building affect fluvial processes, the complexity in local response can be further increased by flood- and sediment-limiting flows. Understanding these complexities is key to predicting landscape behavior in drylands and has important scientific and management implications, including for studies related to paleoclimatology, landscape ecology evolution, and archaeological site context and preservation. Here we use multi-temporal LiDAR surveys, local weather data, and geomorphological observations to identify trends in site change throughout the 446-km-long semi-arid Colorado River corridor in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, where archaeological site degradation related to the effects of upstream dam operation is a concern. Using several site case studies, we show the range of landscape responses that might be expected from concomitant occurrence of dam-controlled fluvial sand bar deposition, aeolian sand transport, and rainfall-induced erosion. Empirical rainfall-erosion threshold analyses coupled with a numerical rainfall-runoff-soil erosion model indicate that infiltration-excess overland flow and gullying govern large-scale (centimeter- to decimeter-scale) landscape changes, but that aeolian deposition can in some cases mitigate gully erosion. Whereas threshold analyses identify the normalized rainfall intensity (defined as the ratio of rainfall intensity to hydraulic conductivity) as the primary factor governing hydrologic-driven erosion, assessment of false positives and false negatives in the dataset highlight topographic slope as the next most important parameter governing site response. Analysis of 4+ years of high resolution (four-minute) weather data and 75+ years of low resolution (daily) climate records indicates that dryland erosion is dependent on short-term, storm-driven rainfall intensity rather than cumulative rainfall, and that erosion can occur outside of wet seasons and even wet years. These results can apply to other similar semi-arid landscapes where process complexity may not be fully understood. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA C1 [Collins, Brian D.; Bedford, David R.; Corbett, Skye C.; Cronkite-Ratcliff, Collin] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fairley, Helen C.] US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Collins, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bcollins@usgs.gov FU USGS Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center; US Bureau of Reclamation FX Funding for this research was provided by the USGS Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, in cooperation with the US Bureau of Reclamation. The authors thank G. O'Brien and J. Pederson (Utah State University, Logan, UT), A. Draut (USGS, Santa Cruz, CA), and J. Hazel (Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ) for making their raw infiltration, precipitation, grain size, and sand bar data available for analysis. T. Dealy (USGS, Flagstaff, AZ) and E. Phillips (USGS, Menlo Park, CA) assisted with preliminary precipitation data analysis and K. Brown, B. Fisher, and K. Kohl (USGS, Flagstaff, AZ) provided survey support for the LiDAR fieldwork. J. DiLeo (USGS, Menlo Park, CA) drafted Figure 1. The authors also thank A. Draut (USGS, Santa Cruz, CA), K. Schmidt (USGS, Menlo Park, CA), V. Holliday (University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ), and five anonymous reviewers for providing comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 7 BP 899 EP 917 DI 10.1002/esp.3874 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DN7MH UT WOS:000377259700004 ER PT J AU Thorpe, AK Frankenberg, C Aubrey, AD Roberts, DA Nottrott, AA Rahn, TA Sauer, JA Dubey, MK Costigan, KR Arata, C Steffke, AM Hills, S Haselwimmer, C Charlesworth, D Funk, CC Green, RO Lundeen, SR Boardman, JW Eastwood, ML Sarture, CM Nolte, SH Mccubbin, IB Thompson, DR McFadden, JP AF Thorpe, A. K. Frankenberg, C. Aubrey, A. D. Roberts, D. A. Nottrott, A. A. Rahn, T. A. Sauer, J. A. Dubey, M. K. Costigan, K. R. Arata, C. Steffke, A. M. Hills, S. Haselwimmer, C. Charlesworth, D. Funk, C. C. Green, R. O. Lundeen, S. R. Boardman, J. W. Eastwood, M. L. Sarture, C. M. Nolte, S. H. Mccubbin, I. B. Thompson, D. R. McFadden, J. P. TI Mapping methane concentrations from a controlled release experiment using the next generation airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS-NG) SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Methane; CH4; Mapping; Concentrations; Controlled; Release; Experiment; Next generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer; AVIRIS-NG; Fugitive; Emissions; Attribution; Monitoring; Surveys; Detection; Plumes; Point sources; Sensitivity; Fluxes ID GAS PRODUCTION SITES; MATCHED-FILTER DETECTION; UNITED-STATES; PROCESS EQUIPMENT; EMISSIONS; RETRIEVAL; QUANTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB Emissions estimates of anthropogenic methane (CH4) sources are highly uncertain and many sources related to energy production are localized yet difficult to quantify. Airborne imaging spectrometers like the next generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS-NG) are well suited for locating CH4 point sources due to their ability to map concentrations over large regions with the high spatial resolution necessary to resolve localized emissions. AVIRIS-NG was deployed during a field campaign to measure controlled CH4 releases at the Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center (RMOTC) in Wyoming, U.S. for multiple flux rates and flight altitudes. Two algorithms were applied to AVIRIS-NG scenes, a matched filter detection algorithm and a hybrid retrieval approach using the Iterative Maximum a Posteriori Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (IMAP-DOAS) algorithm and Singular Value Decomposition. Plumes for releases as low as 14.16 m(3)/h (0.09 kt/year) were consistently observed by AVIRIS-NG at multiple flight altitudes and images of plumes were in agreement with wind directions measured at ground stations. In some cases plumes as low as 3.40 m(3)/h (0.02 kt/year) were detected, indicating that AVIRIS-NG has the capability of detecting a wide range of fugitive CH4 source categories for natural gas fields. This controlled release experiment is the first of its kind using AVIRIS-NG and demonstrates the utility of imaging spectrometers for direct attribution of emissions to individual point source locations. This is particularly useful given the large uncertainties associated with anthropogenic CH4 emissions, including those from industry, gas transmission lines, and the oil and gas sectors. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Thorpe, A. K.; Frankenberg, C.; Aubrey, A. D.; Green, R. O.; Lundeen, S. R.; Eastwood, M. L.; Sarture, C. M.; Nolte, S. H.; Mccubbin, I. B.; Thompson, D. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Thorpe, A. K.; Roberts, D. A.; McFadden, J. P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Frankenberg, C.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Nottrott, A. A.] Picarro Inc, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Rahn, T. A.; Sauer, J. A.; Dubey, M. K.; Costigan, K. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Arata, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Steffke, A. M.; Hills, S.; Haselwimmer, C.; Charlesworth, D.] Chevron Energy Technol Co, San Ramon, CA USA. [Funk, C. C.] US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Funk, C. C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Boardman, J. W.] Analyt Imaging & Geophys LLC, Boulder, CO USA. RP Thorpe, AK (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. EM Andrew.K.Thorpe@jpl.nasa.gov RI Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013; OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Rahn, Thomas/0000-0001-8634-1348 FU NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [NNX13AM95H]; Chevron Energy Technology Company FX The authors thank the AVIRIS/AVIRIS-NG team at JPL, additional collaborators at LANL, the Chevron Energy Technology Company, and the U.S. Department of Energy for use of RMOTC. Special thanks to Martin Evans, Lance Christensen, Glynn Hulley, Pierre Guillevic, and Simon Hook for their support of the project. Portions of this research were supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program grant NNX13AM95H as well as the Chevron Energy Technology Company. This work was undertaken in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA as well as at the University of California, Santa Barbara. The AVIRIS-NG data used in this study are available upon request at http://avirisng.jpl.nasa.gov/ or http://aviris.jpl.nasa.gov/. Copyright 2015. All rights reserved. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 179 BP 104 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.03.032 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DL3AH UT WOS:000375506100009 ER PT J AU Yin, RS Gu, CH Feng, XB Hurley, JP Krabbenhoft, DP Lepak, RF Zhu, W Zheng, LR Hu, TD AF Yin, Runsheng Gu, Chunhao Feng, Xinbin Hurley, James P. Krabbenhoft, David P. Lepak, Ryan F. Zhu, Wei Zheng, Lirong Hu, Tiandou TI Distribution and geochemical speciation of soil mercury in Wanshan Hg mine: Effects of cultivation SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Soil; Distribution; Speciation; XANES; Cultivation ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; MINING AREA; SULFIDE NANOPARTICLES; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; WASTE CALCINES; CHINA; GUIZHOU; METHYLMERCURY AB The distribution and speciation of mercury (Hg) were investigated in contaminated soils collected from two adjacent land use systems (arid land and rice paddy) near the Wanshan Mercury mine, SW China. In both sites, fine soil aggregate size fractions (<231 mu m) showed higher total Hg concentrations and higher soil organic matter contents than in larger aggregate size fractions (231 to 2000 mu m). Compared to arid land, paddy soils are characterized by higher proportions of fine soil aggregates, higher soil organic matter and higher total Hg content. Soil Hg speciation, based on X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES) analysis, indicated that the majority (64-81%) of Hg in soils under both land use systems was associated with metacinnabar (beta-HgS), indicating the precipitation of beta-HgS in soils. We also observed the presence of bioavailable HgCl2 and Hg(0) in soils at both sites, which may represent a considerable environmental concern. Our study clearly showed that different cultivation practices can largely change the distribution and speciation of Hg in agriculture soils. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yin, Runsheng; Gu, Chunhao; Feng, Xinbin; Zhu, Wei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. [Yin, Runsheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Ore Deposit Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. [Yin, Runsheng; Hurley, James P.; Lepak, Ryan F.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hurley, James P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Zheng, Lirong; Hu, Tiandou] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. RP Feng, XB (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. EM fengxinbin@vip.skleg.cn RI Feng, Xinbin/F-4512-2011; Yin, Runsheng/C-5972-2014; OI Feng, Xinbin/0000-0002-7462-8998; Zhu, Wei/0000-0003-1210-1282 FU National Key Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430004]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41303014, 41173024] FX This study was supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2013CB430004) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41303014, 41173024). Two anonymous reviewers and editor Edward A. Nater are acknowledged for their constructive comments and useful suggestions. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 32 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 272 BP 32 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.03.003 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA DJ3AQ UT WOS:000374077500004 ER PT J AU Gray, AB Pasternack, GB Watson, EB Goni, MA Hatten, JA Warrick, JA AF Gray, A. B. Pasternack, G. B. Watson, E. B. Goni, M. A. Hatten, J. A. Warrick, J. A. TI Conversion to drip irrigated agriculture may offset historic anthropogenic and wildfire contributions to sediment production SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Suspended sediment; Agriculture; Wildfire; Non-stationary; Human land use; Drip irrigation ID SUMMER SUBTROPICAL CATCHMENT; OREGON COAST RANGE; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; FLUVIAL SEDIMENT; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; SALINAS RIVER; EROSIONAL PROCESSES; WATER REPELLENCY; RATING CURVES; WORLDS RIVERS AB This study is an investigation into the roles of wildfire and changing agricultural practices in controlling the inter-decadal scale trends of suspended sediment production from semi-arid mountainous rivers. In the test case, a decreasing trend in suspended sediment concentrations was found in the lower Salinas River, California between 1967 and 2011. Event to decadal scale patterns in sediment production in the Salinas River have been found to be largely controlled by antecedent hydrologic conditions. Decreasing suspended sediment concentrations over the last 15 years of the record departed from those expected from climatic/hydrologic forcing. Sediment production from the mountainous headwaters of the central California Coast Ranges is known to be dominated by the interaction of wildfire and large rainfall/runoff events, including the Arroyo Seco, an similar to 700 km(2) subbasin of the Salinas River. However, the decreasing trend in Salinas River suspended sediment concentrations run contrary to increases in the watershed's effective burn area over time. The sediment source area of the Salinas River is an order of magnitude larger than that of the Arroyo Seco, and includes a more complicated mosaic of land cover and land use. The departure from hydrologic forcings on suspended sediment concentration patterns was found to coincide with a rapid conversion of irrigation practices from sprinkler and furrow to subsurface drip irrigation. Changes in agricultural operations appear to have decreased sediment supply to the Salinas River over the late 20th to early 21st centuries, obscuring the influence of wildfire on suspended sediment production. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gray, A. B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, 900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Pasternack, G. B.] Univ Calif Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Watson, E. B.] Drexel Univ, Acad Nat Sci, Dept Biodivers Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. [Goni, M. A.] Oregon State Univ, 104 CEOAS Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hatten, J. A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Warrick, J. A.] US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Gray, AB (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, 900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM Andrew.gray@ucr.edu; gpast@ucdavis.edu; elizabeth.b.watson@drexel.edu; mgoni@coas.oregonstate.edu; jeff.hatten@oregonstate.edu; jwarrick@usgs.gov RI Pasternack, Gregory/B-8619-2012 OI Pasternack, Gregory/0000-0002-1977-4175 FU National Science Foundation [0628385]; Ernest E. Hill Fellowship; William and Linda Sullivan Scholarship; Hydrologic Sciences Graduate Group at the University of California, Davis; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch projects [CA-D-LAW-7034-H, CA-R-ENS-5120-H] FX This research was funded largely by the National Science Foundation under award No. 0628385. Additional support for the lead author was provided by an Ernest E. Hill Fellowship, a William and Linda Sullivan Scholarship, and support from the Hydrologic Sciences Graduate Group at the University of California, Davis. This project was also supported by USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch projects number #CA-D-LAW-7034-H and CA-R-ENS-5120-H. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. We thank Peter Barnes, Sarah Greve, Duyen Ho, Olivia Oseguera, Larissa Salaki, and the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve for laboratory and field assistance. NR 105 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 556 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.018 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DI1TM UT WOS:000373278700023 PM 26974570 ER PT J AU Deacy, WW Leacock, WB Ebyand, LA Stanford, JA AF Deacy, William W. Leacock, William B. Ebyand, Lisa A. Stanford, Jack A. TI A time-lapse photography method for monitoring salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) passage and abundance in streams SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Time-lapse photography; Weir; Spawning; Kodiak; Alaska; Sockeye; Migration; Video; Escapement; Aquaculture; Fisheries and Fish Science; Ecology ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; PREDATION; PRECISION; ACCURACY; RIVER AB Accurately estimating population sizes is often a critical component of fisheries research and management. Although there is a growing appreciation of the importance of small-scale salmon population dynamics to the stability of salmon stock-complexes, our understanding of these populations is constrained by a lack of efficient and cost-effective monitoring tools for streams. Weirs are expensive, labor intensive, and can disrupt natural fish movements. While conventional video systems avoid some of these shortcomings, they are expensive and require excessive amounts of labor to review footage for data collection. Here, we present a novel method for quantifying salmon in small streams (<15 m wide, <1 m deep) that uses both time-lapse photography and video in a model-based double sampling scheme. This method produces an escapement estimate nearly as accurate as a video-only approach, but with substantially less labor, money, and effort. It requires servicing only every 14 days, detects salmon 24 h/day, is inexpensive, and produces escapement estimates with confidence intervals. In addition to escapement estimation, we present a method for estimating in-stream salmon abundance across time, data needed by researchers interested in predator prey interactions or nutrient subsidies. We combined daily salmon passage estimates with stream specific estimates of daily mortality developed using previously published data. To demonstrate proof of concept for these methods, we present results from two streams in southwest Kodiak Island, Alaska in which high densities of sockeye salmon spawn. C1 [Deacy, William W.; Stanford, Jack A.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Leacock, William B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kodiak Natl Wildlife Refuge, Kodiak, AK USA. [Ebyand, Lisa A.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Deacy, WW (reprint author), Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. EM william.deacy@umontana.edu FU Jessie M. Bierman Professorship at Flathead Lake Biological Station; US Fish and Wildlife Service Youth Initiative, Refuge, and Inventory and Monitoring Programs FX Funding for this work was provided by the Jessie M. Bierman Professorship at Flathead Lake Biological Station and the US Fish and Wildlife Service Youth Initiative, Refuge, and Inventory and Monitoring Programs. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD JUN 14 PY 2016 VL 4 AR e2120 DI 10.7717/peerj.2120 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DO8IU UT WOS:000378027700006 PM 27326378 ER PT J AU Worsham, MLD Huffman, DG Moravec, F Gibson, JR AF Worsham, McLean L. D. Huffman, David G. Moravec, Frantisek Gibson, J. Randy TI The life cycle of Huffmanela huffmani Moravec, 1987 (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae), an endemic marine-relict parasite of Centrarchidae from a Central Texas spring SO FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE swim bladder nematode; Trichinelloidea; development; intermediate host; Amphipoda; Hyalella; Gammarus; fish; USA ID SAN-MARCOS RIVER; N. SP NEMATODA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; NEW-CALEDONIA; CARCHARHINUS-PLUMBEUS; SANDBAR SHARK; FISHES; SKIN; CAPILLARIIDAE; CONSERVATION AB The life cycle of the swim bladder nematode Huffmanela huffmani Moravec, 1987 (Trichinelloidea: Trichosomoididae), an endemic parasite of centrarchid fishes in the upper spring run of the San Marcos River in Hays County, Texas, USA, was experimentally completed. The amphipods Hyalella cf. azteca (Saussure), Hyalella sp. and Gammarus sp. were successfully infected with larvated eggs of Huffmanela huffmani. After ingestion of eggs of H. huffmani by experimental amphipods, the first-stage larvae hatch from their eggshells and penetrate through the digestive tract to the hemocoel of the amphipod. Within about 5 days in the hemocoel of the experimental amphipods at 22 degrees C, the larvae presumably attained the second larval stage and were infective for the experimental centrarchid definitive hosts, Lepomis spp. The minimum incubation period before adult nematodes began laying eggs in the swim bladders of the definitive hosts was found to be about 7.5 months at 22 degrees C. This is the first experimentally completed life cycle within the Huffmanelinae. C1 [Worsham, McLean L. D.; Huffman, David G.] Texas State Univ, Freeman Aquat Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Moravec, Frantisek] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Ctr Biol, Inst Parasitol, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Gibson, J. Randy] Aquat Resources Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos, TX USA. RP Worsham, MLD (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Freeman Aquat Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM biolyth@txstate.edu NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA PI CESKE BUDEJOVICE PA BRANISOVSKA 31,, CESKE BUDEJOVICE 370 05, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0015-5683 EI 1803-6465 J9 FOLIA PARASIT JI Folia Parasitol. PD JUN 10 PY 2016 VL 63 AR 020 DI 10.14411/fp.2016.020 PG 15 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA DV0KW UT WOS:000382607400001 ER PT J AU Akob, DM Mumford, AC Orem, W Engle, MA Klinges, JG Kent, DB Cozzarelli, IM AF Akob, Denise M. Mumford, Adam C. Orem, William Engle, Mark A. Klinges, J. Grace Kent, Douglas B. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. TI Wastewater Disposal from Unconventional Oil and Gas Development Degrades Stream Quality at a West Virginia Injection Facility SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHALE GAS; DEICING-SALTS; ROADSIDE SOILS; METAL MOBILITY; HEAVY-METALS; PENNSYLVANIA; EXTRACTION; IMPACTS; WELLS; PRECIPITATION AB The development of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) resources has rapidly increased in recent years; however, the environmental impacts and risks are poorly understood. A single well can generate millions of liters of wastewater, representing a mixture of formation brine and injected hydraulic fracturing fluids. One of the most common methods for wastewater disposal is underground injection; we are assessing potential risks of this method through an intensive, interdisciplinary study at an injection disposal facility in West Virginia. In June 2014, waters collected downstream from the site had elevated specific conductance (416 mu S/cm) and Na, Cl, Ba, Br, Sr, and Li concentrations, compared to upstream, background waters (conductivity, 74 mu S/cm). Elevated TDS, a marker of UOG wastewater, provided an early indication of impacts in the stream. Wastewater inputs are also evident by changes in Sr-87/Sr-86 in streamwater adjacent to the disposal facility. Sediments downstream from the facility were enriched in Ra and had high bioavailable Fe(III) concentrations relative to upstream sediments. Microbial communities in downstream sediments had lower diversity and shifts in composition. Although the hydrologic pathways were not able to be assessed, these data provide evidence demonstrating that activities at the disposal facility are impacting a nearby stream and altering the biogeochemistry of nearby ecosystems. C1 [Akob, Denise M.; Mumford, Adam C.; Klinges, J. Grace; Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Orem, William; Engle, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kent, Douglas B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Klinges, J. Grace] US EPA, Off Superfund Remediat & Technol Innovat, Sci Policy Branch, Washington, DC USA. RP Akob, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dakob@usgs.gov OI Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374; Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; USGS Hydrologic Research and Development Program; USGS Energy Resources Program FX This project was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, USGS Hydrologic Research and Development Program, and USGS Energy Resources Program. Appreciation is extended to Jeanne B. Jaeschke of the USGS for her assistance with fieldwork and laboratory analysis of water chemistry. The authors would also like to thank Kalla Fleger for field assistance, Chris Fuller for uranium and radium determinations, Greg Noe and Jaimie Gillespie for sediment elemental analysis, and Michelle Hladik for analysis of disinfection byproducts. We would like to thank Charles A. Cravotta III for helpful discussions. In addition, we would like to thank the site owner for facilitating research through site access to the US Geological Survey. NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 16 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 7 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 11 BP 5517 EP 5525 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b00428 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO2SI UT WOS:000377629900014 PM 27158829 ER PT J AU Tush, D Meyer, MT AF Tush, Daniel Meyer, Michael T. TI Polyoxyethylene Tallow Amine, a Glyphosate Formulation Adjuvant: Soil Adsorption Characteristics, Degradation Profile, and Occurrence on Selected Soils from Agricultural Fields in Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Mississippi, and Missouri SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATES; ALKYLAMINE ETHOXYLATES; SURFACTANT FORMULATIONS; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; TOXICITY; HERBICIDE; SEDIMENT; SORPTION AB Polyoxyethylene tallow amine (POEA) is an inert ingredient added to formulations of glyphosate, the most widely applied agricultural herbicide. POEA has been shown to have toxic effects to some aquatic organisms making the potential transport of POEA from the application site into the environment an important concern. This study characterized the adsorption of POEA to soils and assessed its occurrence and homologue distribution in agricultural soils from six states. Adsorption experiments of POEA to selected soils showed that POEA adsorbed much stronger than glyphosate; calcium chloride increased the binding of POEA; and the binding of POEA was stronger in low pH conditions. POEA was detected on a soil sample from an agricultural field near Lawrence, Kansas, but with a loss of homologues that contain alkenes. POEA was also detected on soil samples collected between February and early March from corn and soybean fields from ten different sites in five other states (Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Mississippi). This is the first study to characterize the adsorption of POEA to soil, the potential widespread occurrence of POEA on agricultural soils, and the persistence of the POEA homologues on agricultural soils into the following growing season. C1 [Tush, Daniel; Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Tush, Daniel] Univ Kansas, Dept Chem, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Meyer, Michael T.] 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Meyer, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA.; Meyer, MT (reprint author), 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM mmeyer@usgs.gov OI Tush, Daniel/0000-0003-0031-3501 FU U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. The authors would like to thank the following U.S. Geological Survey Water Science Centers (WSC) and individuals for collecting the agricultural field soil samples: Dana Kolpin and Stephen Kalkhoff from the Iowa WSC, Paul Terrio from the Illinois WSC, Jeff Frey from the Indiana WSC and Bob Barr from Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Michael Manning from the Mississippi WSC, and Brian Kelly from the Missouri WSC. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 7 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 11 BP 5781 EP 5789 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b00965 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO2SI UT WOS:000377629900044 PM 27163278 ER PT J AU Frankel, TE Meyer, MT Kolpin, DW Gillis, AB Alvarez, DA Orlando, EF AF Frankel, Tyler E. Meyer, Michael T. Kolpin, Dana W. Gillis, Amanda B. Alvarez, David A. Orlando, Edward F. TI Exposure to the Contraceptive Progestin, Gestodene, Alters Reproductive Behavior, Arrests Egg Deposition, and Masculinizes Development in the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STEROID-HORMONES; SYNTHETIC PROGESTINS; GENE-EXPRESSION; WASTE-WATER; FISH; RECEPTOR; MATURATION; ANDROGEN; LEVONORGESTREL; ENVIRONMENT AB Endogenous progestogens and pharmaceutical progestins enter the environment through wastewater treatment plant effluent and agricultural field runoff. Lab studies demonstrate strong, negative exposure effects of these chemicals on aquatic vertebrate reproduction. Behavior can be a sensitive, early indicator of exposure to environmental contaminants associated with altered reproduction yet is rarely examined in ecotoxicology studies. Gestodene is a human contraceptive progestin and a potent activator of fish androgen receptors. Our objective was to test the effects of gestodene on reproductive behavior and associated egg deposition in the fathead minnow. After only 1 day, males exposed to ng/L of gestodene were more aggressive and less interested in courtship and mating, and exposed females displayed less female courtship behavior. Interestingly, 25% of the gestodene tanks contained a female that drove the male out of the breeding tile and displayed male-typical courtship behaviors toward the other female. Gestodene decreased or arrested egg deposition with no observed gonadal histopathology. Together, these results suggest that effects on egg deposition are primarily due to altered reproductive behavior. The mechanisms by which gestodene disrupts behavior are unknown. Nonetheless, the rapid and profound alterations of the reproductive biology of gestodene-exposed fish suggest that wild populations could be similarly affected. C1 [Frankel, Tyler E.; Gillis, Amanda B.; Orlando, Edward F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, 400 S Clinton St, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. [Alvarez, David A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Orlando, EF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM eorlando@umd.edu FU Department of Interior; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Institutes of Water Resources Grant [2014MD321G]; Morris Animal Foundation [D14ZO-010]; University of Maryland FX We thank C. Woods and D. Theisen, for their guidance with the exposure system construction, and B. Bequette, for his assistance with the chemical delivery system. Thanks to Z. Bailey, I. Chambers, J. Held, M. Levitas, C. Matz, and Dr. L. Moffatt for their help with dissections. We graciously acknowledge the support of the Department of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, National Institutes of Water Resources Grant (2014MD321G, to E.F.O.), the Morris Animal Foundation Grant (D14ZO-010 to E.F.O.), and the University of Maryland. We sincerely appreciate the editorial suggestions provided by the USGS reviewer, Dr. D. Tillitt. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 7 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 11 BP 5991 EP 5999 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b00799 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO2SI UT WOS:000377629900068 PM 27129041 ER PT J AU Deonarine, A Kolker, A Foster, AL Doughten, MW Holland, JT Bailoo, JD AF Deonarine, Amrika Kolker, Allan Foster, Andrea L. Doughten, Michael W. Holland, James T. Bailoo, Jeremy D. TI Arsenic Speciation in Bituminous Coal Fly Ash and Transformations in Response to Redox Conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; DISSOLUTION RATES; XAFS SPECTROSCOPY; GLASS COMPOSITION; BASALTIC GLASS; POWER-PLANT; FEED COAL; COMBUSTION; PH; ELEMENTS AB The risk of the mobilization of coal ash into the environment has highlighted the need for the assessment of the environmental behavior of coal ash, particularly with respect to toxic trace elements such as arsenic (As). Here, we examined As speciation in coal fly ash samples and transformations in response to aquatic redox conditions. X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated that 92-97% of total As occurred as As(V), with the remainder present as As(III). Major As-bearing hosts in unamended ashes were glass, iron (oxyhydr)oxides, and calcium arsenate. Oxic leaching resulted in immediate As mobilization to the aqueous phase, reprecipitation of As-iron ferrihydrite, and As adsorption to mineral surfaces. Under anoxic conditions, the (reductive) dissolution of As-bearing phases such as iron ferrihydrite resulted in increased dissolved As compared to oxic conditions and reprecipitation of iron arsenate. Overall, As in coal ash is not environmentally stable and can participate in local biogeochemical cycles. C1 [Deonarine, Amrika; Kolker, Allan; Doughten, Michael W.; Holland, James T.; Bailoo, Jeremy D.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Foster, Andrea L.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Deonarine, Amrika] Niesenweg 2, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Bailoo, Jeremy D.] Univ Bern, Div Anim Welf, Langassstr 120, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Deonarine, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.; Deonarine, A (reprint author), Niesenweg 2, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM amrikadeonarine@gmail.com FU U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship FX The authors thank Harvey Belkin, John Jackson, Frank Dulong, the Reston Microbiology Lab, Frank Huggins, and Grace Schwartz for assistance with experimental setup and analyses, Leslie Ruppert, Kevin Jones, and Brett Valentine for assistance with sample collection, and Christopher Winkler at the Virginia Tech Nanoscale Technology and Fabrication Institute for TEM imaging. This study was funded by a U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship awarded to A.D. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 7 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 11 BP 6099 EP 6106 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b00957 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO2SI UT WOS:000377629900080 PM 27186791 ER PT J AU Martin, DA AF Martin, Deborah A. TI At the nexus of fire, water and society SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Royal-Society Scientific Meeting CY SEP 14-15, 2015 CL Royal Soc, London, ENGLAND HO Royal Soc DE water supplies; reservoirs; water resiliency ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; POST-WILDFIRE RUNOFF; GEOMORPHIC RESPONSE; FOREST-FIRE; CHANGING CLIMATE; SOIL-EROSION; QUALITY; MANAGEMENT; CONTAMINATION AB The societal risks of water scarcity and water-quality impairment have received considerable attention, evidenced by recent analyses of these topics by the 2030 Water Resources Group, the United Nations and the World Economic Forum. What are the effects of fire on the predicted water scarcity and declines in water quality? Drinking water supplies for humans, the emphasis of this exploration, are derived from several land cover types, including forests, grass-lands and peatlands, which are vulnerable to fire. In the last two decades, fires have affected the water supply catchments of Denver (CO) and other southwestern US cities, and four major Australian cities including Sydney, Canberra, Adelaide and Melbourne. In the same time period, several, though not all, national, regional and global water assessments have included fire in evaluations of the risks that affect water supplies. The objective of this discussion is to explore the nexus of fire, water and society with the hope that a more explicit understanding of fire effects on water supplies will encourage the incorporation of fire into future assessments of water supplies, into the pyrogeography conceptual framework and into planning efforts directed at water resiliency. This article is part of the themed issue 'The interaction of fire and mankind'. C1 [Martin, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Martin, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM damartin@usgs.gov FU National Research Program of the USGS Water Mission Area; Royal Society FX This article is financially supported by the National Research Program of the USGS Water Mission Area and partial funding for travel was generously contributed by the Royal Society. NR 96 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 11 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUN 5 PY 2016 VL 371 IS 1696 AR 20150172 DI 10.1098/rstb.2015.0172 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA DO3TN UT WOS:000377704600011 ER PT J AU Swetnam, TW Farella, J Roos, CI Liebmann, MJ Falk, DA Allen, CD AF Swetnam, Thomas W. Farella, Joshua Roos, Christopher I. Liebmann, Matthew J. Falk, Donald A. Allen, Craig D. TI Multiscale perspectives of fire, climate and humans in western North America and the Jemez Mountains, USA SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Royal-Society Scientific Meeting CY SEP 14-15, 2015 CL Royal Soc, London, ENGLAND HO Royal Soc DE fire history; dendrochronology; archaeology; land uses; Pueblo people; ponderosa pine forest ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN COLORADO PLATEAU; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; HIGH-SEVERITY FIRE; TREE-RING; HISTORICAL ECOLOGY; SIERRA-NEVADA; NEW-MEXICO; REGIMES AB Interannual climate variations have been important drivers of wildfire occurrence in ponderosa pine forests across western North America for at least 400 years, but at finer scales of mountain ranges and landscapes human land uses sometimes over-rode climate influences. We reconstruct and analyse effects of high human population densities in forests of the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico from ca 1300 CE to Present. Prior to the 1680 Pueblo Revolt, human land uses reduced the occurrence of widespread fires while simultaneously adding more ignitions resulting in many small-extent fires. During the 18th and 19th centuries, wet/dry oscillations and their effects on fuels dynamics controlled widespread fire occurrence. In the late 19th century, intensive livestock grazing disrupted fuels continuity and fire spread and then active fire suppression maintained the absence of widespread surface fires during most of the 20th century. The abundance and continuity of fuels is the most important controlling variable in fire regimes of these semi-arid forests. Reduction of widespread fires owing to reduction of fuel continuity emerges as a hallmark of extensive human impacts on past forests and fire regimes. This article is part of the themed issue 'The interaction of fire and mankind'. C1 [Swetnam, Thomas W.; Farella, Joshua; Falk, Donald A.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Falk, Donald A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Roos, Christopher I.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Anthropol, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Liebmann, Matthew J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Anthropol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Swetnam, TW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM tswetnam@ltrr.arizona.edu RI Swetnam, Thomas/A-6052-2008 OI Roos, Christopher/0000-0001-8754-7655; Swetnam, Thomas/0000-0001-7268-2184 FU US National Science Foundation [1114898]; Dynamics of Coupled Natural Human Systems programme; USDI/USDA Joint Fire Sciences Programme [09-2-01-10]; University of Arizona FX This project was supported by US National Science Foundation grant no. 1114898, to T. W. S., C. I. R., M. J. L. and others, Dynamics of Coupled Natural Human Systems programme, and by the USDI/USDA Joint Fire Sciences Programme grant no. 09-2-01-10 to T. W. S., D. A. F. and others, and by the University of Arizona. NR 92 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 14 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUN 5 PY 2016 VL 371 IS 1696 AR 20150168 DI 10.1098/rstb.2015.0168 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA DO3TN UT WOS:000377704600007 ER PT J AU Jones, SF Stagg, CL Krauss, KW Hester, MW AF Jones, Scott F. Stagg, Camille L. Krauss, Ken W. Hester, Mark W. TI Tidal saline wetland regeneration of sentinel vegetation types in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: An overview SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hydrology; Salt marshes; Ecosystem resilience; Sea level changes; Spartina alterniflora; Avicennia germinans; USA; Northern Gulf of Mexico ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; MANGROVE AVICENNIA-GERMINANS; FLORIDA SALT-MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; BATIS-MARITIMA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; SEED DISPERSAL; COASTAL MARSH AB Tidal saline wetlands in the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGoM) are dynamic and frequently disturbed systems that provide myriad ecosystem services. For these services to be sustained, dominant macrophytes must continuously recolonize and establish after disturbance. Macrophytes accomplish this regeneration through combinations of vegetative propagation and sexual reproduction, the relative importance of which varies by species. Concurrently, tidal saline wetland systems experience both anthropogenic and natural hydrologic alterations, such as levee construction, sea-level rise, storm impacts, and restoration activities. These hydrologic alterations can affect the success of plant regeneration, leading to large-scale, variable changes in ecosystem structure and function. This review describes the specific regeneration requirements of four dominant coastal wetland macrophytes along the NGoM (Spartina alterniflora, Avicennia germinans, Juncus roemerianus, and Batis maritima) and compares them with current hydrologic alterations to provide insights into potential future changes in dominant ecosystem structure and function and to highlight knowledge gaps in the current literature that need to be addressed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jones, Scott F.; Hester, Mark W.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Coastal Plant Ecol Lab, POB 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Stagg, Camille L.; Krauss, Ken W.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Hester, Mark W.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Inst Coastal & Water Res, POB 43688, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Jones, SF (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Coastal Plant Ecol Lab, POB 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM sfj4723@louisiana.edu OI Jones, Scott/0000-0002-1056-3785 FU LA Board of Regents Doctoral Fellowship; Institute for Coastal and Water Research; Department of Biology at University of Louisiana at Lafayette; U.S. Geological Survey Environments Program; Climate and Land Use Change RD Program FX This manuscript was greatly improved by comments from Rebecca Howard and several anonymous reviewers. Support for SFJ was provided by a LA Board of Regents Doctoral Fellowship. Support for MWH was provided by the Institute for Coastal and Water Research and the Department of Biology at University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Support for CLS and KWK was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Environments Program and Climate and Land Use Change R&D Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 167 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 39 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUN 5 PY 2016 VL 174 BP A1 EP A10 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2016.02.010 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DM9QS UT WOS:000376701400001 ER PT J AU Mech, LD Barber-Meyer, SM Erb, J AF Mech, L. David Barber-Meyer, Shannon M. Erb, John TI Wolf (Canis lupus) Generation Time and Proportion of Current Breeding Females by Age SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GRAY WOLVES; REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY; AMERICAN-SOCIETY; WILD MAMMALS; GUIDELINES; ALASKA; PACK; SIZE; MAMMALOGISTS; POPULATION AB Information is sparse about aspects of female wolf (Canis lupus) breeding in the wild, including age of first reproduction, mean age of primiparity, generation time, and proportion of each age that breeds in any given year. We studied these subjects in 86 wolves (113 captures) in the Superior National Forest (SNF), Minnesota (MN), during 1972-2013 where wolves were legally protected for most of the period, and in 159 harvested wolves from throughout MN wolf range during 2012-2014. Breeding status of SNF wolves were assessed via nipple measurements, and wolves from throughout MN wolf range, by placental scars. In the SNF, proportions of currently breeding females (those breeding in the year sampled) ranged from 19% at age 2 to 80% at age 5, and from throughout wolf range, from 33% at age 2 to 100% at age 7. Excluding pups and yearlings, only 33% to 36% of SNF females and 58% of females from throughout MN wolf range bred in any given year. Generation time for SNF wolves was 4.3 years and for MN wolf range, 4.7 years. These findings will be useful in modeling wolf population dynamics and in wolf genetic and dog-domestication studies. C1 [Mech, L. David; Barber-Meyer, Shannon M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Erb, John] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Grand Rapids, MI USA. [Mech, L. David] Raptor Ctr, 1920 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN USA. [Barber-Meyer, Shannon M.] US Geol Survey, 1393 Highway 169, Ely, MN USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.; Mech, LD (reprint author), Raptor Ctr, 1920 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN USA. EM mechx002@umn.edu FU US Geological Survey; Minnesota Dept. of Natural Resources FX This work was funded by US Geological Survey to LDM SMB; Minnesota Dept. of Natural Resources to JE. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 3 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 6 AR e0156682 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0156682 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DN8ZV UT WOS:000377369700102 PM 27258193 ER PT J AU Reed, RN Todd, BD Miano, OJ Canfield, M Fisher, RN McMartin, L AF Reed, Robert N. Todd, Brian D. Miano, Oliver J. Canfield, Mark Fisher, Robert N. McMartin, Louanne TI Ecology and Control of an Introduced Population of Southern Watersnakes (Nerodia fasciata) in Southern California SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Diet; Fat body mass; Invasive species; Los Angeles; Reproduction; Trap success ID AQUATIC SNAKES; LOUISIANA; SIPEDON; CAPTURE; DECLINE AB Native to the southeastern United States, Southern Watersnakes (Nerodia fasciata) are known from two sites in California, but their ecological impacts are poorly understood. We investigated the ecology of Southern Watersnakes in Machado Lake, Harbor City, Los Angeles County, California, including an assessment of control opportunities. We captured 306 watersnakes as a result of aquatic trapping and hand captures. We captured snakes of all sizes (162-1063 mm snout-vent length [SVL], 3.5-873.3 g), demonstrating the existence of a well-established population. The smallest reproductive female was 490 mm SVL and females contained 12-46 postovulatory embryos (mean 5 21). Small watersnakes largely consumed introduced Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), while larger snakes specialized on larval and metamorph American Bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) and Green Sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus). Overall capture per unit effort (CPUE) in traps declined with time during an intensive 76-d trapping bout, but CPUE trends varied considerably among traplines and it is unlikely that the overall decline in CPUE represented a major decrease in the snake population size. Although we found no direct evidence that Southern Watersnakes are affecting native species in Machado Lake, this population may serve as a source for intentional or unintentional transportation of watersnakes to bodies of water containing imperiled native prey species or potential competitors. C1 [Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Todd, Brian D.; Miano, Oliver J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Canfield, Mark; McMartin, Louanne] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 850 S Guild Ave,Suite 105, Lodi, CA 95240 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Reed, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM reedr@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under Science Support Program FX Funding for this study was awarded to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under the auspices of the Science Support Program, and was supplemented by the Invasive Species Program of the USGS. We thank J.D. Willson, S. Schuster, L. Bonewell, D. Attaway, K. Baumberger, B. Leatherman, B. Trevett, C. Winne, J. Hakim, M. Fuller, E. Stitt, P. Balfour, R. Gallant, J. Herod, A. Wells, and members of the Southwest Herpetological Society for facilitating the project, providing information and/or assisting with fieldwork. H. Strauss, J. Lan, and M. Byhower conducted the lion's share of fieldwork. Research and access permits were provided by the California Department of Fish and Game (Permit 802046-02) and City of Los Angeles; this study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the USGS Fort Collins Science Center. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0018-0831 EI 1938-5099 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD JUN PY 2016 VL 72 IS 2 BP 130 EP 136 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DN6WY UT WOS:000377218400007 ER PT J AU Huang, SL Wu, M Zang, CJ Du, SL Domagalski, J Gajewska, M Gao, F Lin, C Guo, Y Liu, BY Wang, SM Yang, L Szymkiewicz, A Szymkiewicz, R AF Huang, Suiliang Wu, Min Zang, Changjuan Du, Shenglan Domagalski, Joseph Gajewska, Magdalena Gao, Feng Lin, Chao Guo, Yong Liu, Baoyan Wang, Shaoming Luo, Yang Szymkiewicz, Adam Szymkiewicz, Romuald TI Dynamics of algae growth and nutrients in experimental enclosures culturing bighead carp and common carp: Phosphorus dynamics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEDIMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fish food; Bighead carp; Common carp; Phosphorus flux; Enclosure experiment ID CAGE-CULTURE; SHALLOW LAKE; FRESH-WATER; FISH FOOD; NITROGEN; AQUACULTURE; EUTROPHICATION; COASTAL; CHINA; PHYTOPLANKTON AB This is the third paper of the series about "Dynamics of algae growth and nutrients in experimental enclosures culturing bighead carp and common carp". In this paper, phosphorus dynamics were investigated under the condition of culturing bighead carp and common carp with added fish food (nitrogen dynamics is discussed in the second paper because their behaviors are so different from each other). Nearly fifty days' observation results indicated that the reservoir water was typical of "phosphorus limited" water, and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) was the main constituent of measured total phosphorus (TP). The presence of fish food resulted in significantly higher SRP, dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) and TP concentrations in contrast with the reservoir water. Moreover, continuous supply of fish food led to the decline of total nitrogen to total phosphorus (TN:TP) from more than 100 to less than 5. Variations in the ratio of TN to TP favored the growth of blue-green algae. Fish species affected phosphorus concentrations, and culturing bait-eating common carp contributed more to reducing the SRP, DTP and TP concentrations than culturing planktivorous bighead carp. 0.5%, 4.1% and 3.1% TP can be removed in enclosures with culturing bighead carp, common carp and mixed bighead carp and common carp, respectively. Abundant phosphorus in the fish culturing activities may be present as the uneaten food, algae cells, and within the water column and sediment, which should be taken into serious consideration for the target of future water eutrophication prevention and safety of the drinking water supply. (C) 2016 International Research and Training Centre on Erosion and Sedimentation/the World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Suiliang; Wu, Min; Zang, Changjuan; Du, Shenglan] Nankai Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn,Numer Simuat Grp Water E, Tianjin Key Lab Environm Remediat & Pollut Contro, Key Lab Pollut Proc & Environm Criteria,Minist Ed, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Domagalski, Joseph] US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Gajewska, Magdalena; Szymkiewicz, Adam; Szymkiewicz, Romuald] Gdansk Univ Technol GUT, Fac Civil & Environm Engn, Gdansk, Poland. [Gao, Feng; Liu, Baoyan; Wang, Shaoming] Haihe River Water Conservancy Commiss, Water Transfer Sub Div Luanhe River Water Environ, Tianjin 300170, Peoples R China. [Lin, Chao; Guo, Yong; Luo, Yang] Haihe River Water Conservancy Commiss, Haihe Water Resources Protect Bur, Tianjin 300170, Peoples R China. RP Huang, SL (reprint author), Nankai Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn,Numer Simuat Grp Water E, Tianjin Key Lab Environm Remediat & Pollut Contro, Key Lab Pollut Proc & Environm Criteria,Minist Ed, Tianjin, Peoples R China. EM slhuang@nankai.edu.cn FU NSF of Tianjin [15JCYBJC22500, 09ZCGYSF00400]; NSFC [51079068]; Commonweal Projects Specific for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Water Conservancy of China [200801135] FX This work was financed by NSF of Tianjin (Grant nos. 15JCYBJC22500 and 09ZCGYSF00400), NSFC (Grant no. 51079068) and the Commonweal Projects Specific for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Water Conservancy of China (Grant no. 200801135). NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IRTCES PI BEIJING PA PO BOX 366, BEIJING, 100044, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-6279 J9 INT J SEDIMENT RES JI Int. J. Sediment Res. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2016.01.003 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA EC7HE UT WOS:000388307000009 ER PT J AU Bullard, JE Baddock, M Bradwell, T Crusius, J Darlington, E Gaiero, D Gasso, S Gisladottir, G Hodgkins, R McCulloch, R McKenna-Neuman, C Mockford, T Stewart, H Thorsteinsson, T AF Bullard, Joanna E. Baddock, Matthew Bradwell, Tom Crusius, John Darlington, Eleanor Gaiero, Diego Gasso, Santiago Gisladottir, Gudrun Hodgkins, Richard McCulloch, Robert McKenna-Neuman, Cheryl Mockford, Tom Stewart, Helena Thorsteinsson, Throstur TI High-latitude dust in the Earth system SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT FLUXES; LAST GLACIAL PERIOD; MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; WIND EROSION; DESERT DUST; NEW-ZEALAND; VICTORIA-LAND AB Natural dust is often associated with hot, subtropical deserts, but significant dust events have been reported from cold, high latitudes. This review synthesizes current understanding of high-latitude (>= 50 degrees N and >= 40 degrees S) dust source geography and dynamics and provides a prospectus for future research on the topic. Although the fundamental processes controlling aeolian dust emissions in high latitudes are essentially the same as in temperate regions, there are additional processes specific to or enhanced in cold regions. These include low temperatures, humidity, strong winds, permafrost and niveo-aeolian processes all of which can affect the efficiency of dust emission and distribution of sediments. Dust deposition at high latitudes can provide nutrients to the marine system, specifically by contributing iron to high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll oceans; it also affects ice albedo and melt rates. There have been no attempts to quantify systematically the expanse, characteristics, or dynamics of high-latitude dust sources. To address this, we identify and compare the main sources and drivers of dust emissions in the Northern (Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and Iceland) and Southern (Antarctica, New Zealand, and Patagonia) Hemispheres. The scarcity of year-round observations and limitations of satellite remote sensing data at high latitudes are discussed. It is estimated that under contemporary conditions high-latitude sources cover >500,000 km(2) and contribute at least 80-100 Tg yr(-1) of dust to the Earth system (similar to 5% of the global dust budget); both are projected to increase under future climate change scenarios. C1 [Bullard, Joanna E.; Baddock, Matthew; Darlington, Eleanor; Hodgkins, Richard; Mockford, Tom] Univ Loughborough, Dept Geog, Loughborough, Leics, England. [Bradwell, Tom; McCulloch, Robert; Stewart, Helena] Univ Stirling, Sch Nat Sci, Biol & Environm Sci, Stirling, Scotland. [Crusius, John] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, USGS, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gaiero, Diego] Univ Nacl Cordoba, CICTERRA FCEFyN, Cordoba, Argentina. [Gasso, Santiago] NASA, GESTAR, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Gisladottir, Gudrun] Univ Iceland, Inst Life & Earth Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Gisladottir, Gudrun; Thorsteinsson, Throstur] Univ Iceland, Inst Earth Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland. [McKenna-Neuman, Cheryl] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON, Canada. [Thorsteinsson, Throstur] Univ Iceland, Environm & Nat Resources, Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Bullard, JE (reprint author), Univ Loughborough, Dept Geog, Loughborough, Leics, England. EM J.E.Bullard@lboro.ac.uk RI Baddock, Matthew/A-5739-2012; BGS University Funding Initiative, BUFI/H-4822-2011; OI Baddock, Matthew/0000-0003-1490-7511; BGS University Funding Initiative, BUFI/0000-0003-3097-5530; Thorsteinsson, Throstur/0000-0001-5964-866X FU Leverhulme Trust International Network grant [IN-2013-036]; CONICET; SeCyT-UNC; Antorchas; FONCyT; IAI; Weizmann Institute FX This research was funded through a Leverhulme Trust International Network grant (IN-2013-036) awarded to Bullard, Crusius, Gaiero, Gasso, McCulloch, Mckenna Neuman, and Thorsteinsson. We would like to thank Mark Szegner for his assistance with the figures. Gaiero received additional support from CONICET, SeCyT-UNC, Antorchas, FONCyT, IAI, and the Weizmann Institute. Further information about the high-latitude, cold environment dust network including the geolocated referenced studies used in this paper is available at http://www.hlccd.org. NR 275 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 15 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 54 IS 2 BP 447 EP 485 DI 10.1002/2016RG000518 PG 39 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DZ3AY UT WOS:000385716900007 ER PT J AU Hanks, EM Hooten, MB Knick, ST Oyler-McCance, SJ Fike, JA Cross, TB Schwartz, MK AF Hanks, Ephraim M. u Hooten, Mevin B. Knick, Steven T. Oyler-McCance, Sara J. Fike, Jennifer A. Cross, Todd B. Schwartz, Michael K. TI LATENT SPATIAL MODELS AND SAMPLING DESIGN FOR LANDSCAPE GENETICS SO ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Landscape genetics; sage grouse; optimal sampling ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; CIRCUIT-THEORY; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; CONNECTIVITY; RESISTANCE; INFERENCE; FLOW; PREDICTION; DYNAMICS AB We propose a spatially-explicit approach for modeling genetic variation across space and illustrate how this approach can be used to optimize spatial prediction and sampling design for landscape genetic data. We propose a multinomial data model for categorical microsatellite allele data commonly used in landscape genetic studies, and introduce a latent spatial random effect to allow for spatial correlation between genetic observations. We illustrate how modern dimension reduction approaches to spatial statistics can allow for efficient computation in landscape genetic statistical models covering large spatial domains. We apply our approach to propose a retrospective spatial sampling design for greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) population genetics in the western United States. C1 [Hanks, Ephraim M. u] Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Knick, Steven T.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; Fike, Jennifer A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Cross, Todd B.; Schwartz, Michael K.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Henderson, NV USA. [Cross, Todd B.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Cross, Todd B.; Schwartz, Michael K.] Natl Genom Ctr Wildlife & Fish Conservat, USFS Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Hanks, EM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM hanks@psu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey [RWO 98] FX Supported by the U.S. Geological Survey RWO 98. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI CLEVELAND PA 3163 SOMERSET DR, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 1932-6157 J9 ANN APPL STAT JI Ann. Appl. Stat. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 10 IS 2 BP 1041 EP 1062 DI 10.1214/16-AOAS929 PG 22 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA DY3XA UT WOS:000385029700021 ER PT J AU Mogollon, B Frimpong, EA Hoegh, AB Angermeier, PL AF Mogollon, Beatriz Frimpong, Emmanuel A. Hoegh, Andrew B. Angermeier, Paul L. TI RECENT CHANGES IN STREAM FLASHINESS AND FLOODING, AND EFFECTS OF FLOOD MANAGEMENT IN NORTH CAROLINA AND VIRGINIA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE best management practices (BMPs); stream flooding; land use/land cover change; precipitation trends; time series analysis; watershed management ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-QUALITY; TRENDS; DISCHARGE; COVER; RISK; IMPERVIOUSNESS; PRINCIPLES; LANDSCAPE AB The southeastern United States has undergone anthropogenic changes in landscape structure, with the potential to increase (e.g., urbanization) and decrease (e.g., reservoir construction) stream flashiness and flooding. Assessment of the outcome of such change can provide insight into the efficacy of current strategies and policies to manage water resources. We (1) examined trends in precipitation, floods, and stream flashiness and (2) assessed the relative influence of land cover and flow-regulating features (e.g., best management practices and artificial water bodies) on stream flashiness from 1991 to 2013. We found mean annual precipitation decreased, which coincided with decreasing trends in floods. In contrast, stream flashiness, overall, showed an increasing trend during the period of study. However, upon closer examination, 20 watersheds showed stable stream flashiness, whereas 5 increased and 6 decreased in flashiness. Urban watersheds were among those that increased or decreased in flashiness. Watersheds that increased in stream flashiness gained more urban cover, lost more forested cover and had fewer best management practices installed than urban watersheds that decreased in stream flashiness. We found best management practices are more effective than artificial water bodies in regulating flashy floods. Flashiness index is a valuable and straightforward metric to characterize changes in streamflow and help to assess the efficacy of management interventions. C1 [Mogollon, Beatriz; Frimpong, Emmanuel A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Mogollon, Beatriz] USAID USFS Low Carbon Resilient Dev Program, Bogota, Colombia. [Hoegh, Andrew B.] Virginia Tech, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Tech, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Mogollon, B (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.; Mogollon, B (reprint author), USAID USFS Low Carbon Resilient Dev Program, Bogota, Colombia. EM mogollon@vt.edu FU Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation at Virginia Tech; Virginia Water Resources Research Center; Virginia Lakes and Watersheds Association; Philanthropic Educational Organization; Department of Defense's Environmental Security Technology Certification Program; United States Geological Survey's National Aquatic Gap Analysis Program; U.S. Geological Survey; Virginia Polytechnic Institute; State University, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank the Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation at Virginia Tech, the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, the Virginia Lakes and Watersheds Association, the Philanthropic Educational Organization, the Department of Defense's Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, and the United States Geological Survey's National Aquatic Gap Analysis Program for funding and support. We thank G. Anderson for his assistance in writing R code to speed the data analysis process, K. Stephenson and G. Moglen for comments on the manuscript, many county officers for help in compiling the BMP information, and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable contribution in improving the manuscript. This research was conducted as partial fulfillment of a Master's of Science program by B. Mogollon. The Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and Wildlife Management Institute. Use of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 3 BP 561 EP 577 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12408 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DY3PW UT WOS:000385007100001 ER PT J AU Christensen, VG Wakeman, ES Maki, RP AF Christensen, Victoria G. Wakeman, Eric S. Maki, Ryan P. TI DISCHARGE AND NUTRIENT TRANSPORT BETWEEN LAKES IN A HYDROLOGICALLY COMPLEX AREA OF VOYAGEURS NATIONAL PARK, MINNESOTA, 2010-2012 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE surface water hydrology; nutrients; watershed management; eutrophication; water-level changes; index velocity method ID TROPHIC STATE; LEVEL; PHOSPHORUS; VELOCITY AB An acoustic Doppler velocity meter (ADVM) was deployed in the narrows between Namakan and Kabetogama Lakes in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, from November 3, 2010, through October 3, 2012. The ADVM can account for wind, seiche, and changing flow direction in hydrologically complex areas. The objectives were to (1) estimate discharge and document the direction of water flow, (2) assess whether specific conductance can be used to determine flow direction, and (3) document nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations at the narrows. The discharge direction through the narrows was seasonal. Water generally flowed out of Kabetogama Lake and into Namakan Lake throughout the ice-covered season. During spring, water flow was generally from Namakan Lake to Kabetogama Lake. During the summer and fall, the water flowed in both directions, affected in part by wind. Water flowed into Namakan Lake 70% of water year 2011 and 56% of water year 2012. Nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations were highest during the summer months when water-flow direction was unpredictable. The use of an ADVM was effective for assessing flow direction and provided flow direction under ice. The results indicated the eutrophic Kabetogama Lake may have a negative effect on the more pristine Namakan Lake. The results also provide data on the effects of the current water-level management plan and may help determine if adjustments are necessary to help protect the aquatic ecosystem of Voyageurs National Park. C1 [Christensen, Victoria G.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Water Sci Ctr, 2280 Woodale Dr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. [Wakeman, Eric S.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Water Sceince Ctr, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Maki, Ryan P.] Natl Pk Serv, Voyageurs Natl Pk, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Christensen, VG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Minnesota Water Sci Ctr, 2280 Woodale Dr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. EM vglenn@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 3 BP 578 EP 591 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12412 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DY3PW UT WOS:000385007100002 ER PT J AU Ator, SW Garcia, AM AF Ator, Scott W. Garcia, Ana Maria TI APPLICATION OF SPARROW MODELING TO UNDERSTANDING CONTAMINANT FATE AND TRANSPORT FROM UPLANDS TO STREAMS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; denitrification; nonpoint source pollution; transport and fate; SPARROW modeling; computational methods ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; CHESAPEAKE BAY; UNITED-STATES; WATER-QUALITY; RIVER ESTUARY; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; GROUNDWATER NITRATE; NORTHEASTERN USA; NITROGEN-CYCLE AB Understanding spatial variability in contaminant fate and transport is critical to efficient regional water-quality restoration. An approach to capitalize on previously calibrated spatially referenced regression (SPARROW) models to improve the understanding of contaminant fate and transport was developed and applied to the case of nitrogen in the 166,000 km(2) Chesapeake Bay watershed. A continuous function of four hydrogeologic, soil, and other landscape properties significant (alpha = 0.10) to nitrogen transport from uplands to streams was evaluated and compared among each of the more than 80,000 individual catchments (mean area, 2.1 km(2)) in the watershed. Budgets (including inputs, losses or net change in storage in uplands and stream corridors, and delivery to tidal waters) were also estimated for nitrogen applied to these catchments from selected upland sources. Most (81%) of such inputs are removed, retained, or otherwise processed in uplands rather than transported to surface waters. Combining SPARROW results with previous budget estimates suggests 55% of this processing is attributable to denitrification, 23% to crop or timber harvest, and 6% to volatilization. Remaining upland inputs represent a net annual increase in landscape storage in soils or biomass exceeding 10 kg per hectare in some areas. Such insights are important for planning watershed restoration and for improving future watershed models. C1 [Ator, Scott W.] US Geol Survey, Maryland Delaware DC Water Sci Ctr, 5522 Res Pk Dr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Garcia, Ana Maria] US Geol Survey, South Atlantic Water Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Ator, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Maryland Delaware DC Water Sci Ctr, 5522 Res Pk Dr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM swator@usgs.gov NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 3 BP 685 EP 704 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12419 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DY3PW UT WOS:000385007100009 ER PT J AU Hackley, PC Cardott, BJ AF Hackley, Paul C. Cardott, Brian J. TI Application of organic petrography in North American shale petroleum systems: A review SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Organic petrology; Thermal maturity; Shale petroleum systems; Unconventional resources; Vitrinite reflectance; Shale gas; Tight oil; Solid bitumen ID MISSISSIPPIAN BARNETT SHALE; FORT-WORTH BASIN; CANADA SEDIMENTARY BASIN; SCANNING FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; MIOCENE MONTEREY FORMATION; SOLID BITUMEN REFLECTANCE; NANOPOROUS PYROBITUMEN RESIDUES; SOURCE-ROCK CHARACTERISTICS; VOLATILE BITUMINOUS COALS; HYDROCARBON SOURCE ROCKS AB Organic petrography via incident light microscopy has broad application to shale petroleum systems, including delineation of thermal maturity windows and determination of organo-facies. Incident light microscopy allows practitioners the ability to identify various types of organic components and demonstrates that solid bitumen is the dominant organic matter occurring in shale plays of peak oil and gas window thermal maturity, whereas oil-prone Type I/II kerogens have converted to hydrocarbons and are not present. High magnification SEM observation of an interconnected organic porosity occurring in the solid bitumen of thermally mature shale reservoirs has enabled major advances in our understanding of hydrocarbon migration and storage in shale, but suffers from inability to confirm the type of organic matter present. Herein we review organic petrography applications in the North American shale plays through discussion of incident light photographic examples. In the first part of the manuscript we provide basic practical information on the measurement of organic reflectance and outline fluorescence microscopy and other petrographic approaches to the determination of thermal maturity. In the second half of the paper we discuss applications of organic petrography and SEM in all of the major shale petroleum systems in North America including tight oil plays such as the Bakken, Eagle Ford and Niobrara, and shale gas and condensate plays including the Barnett, Duvernay, Haynesville-Bossier, Marcellus, Utica, and Woodford, among others. Our review suggests systematic research employing correlative high resolution imaging techniques and in situ geochemical probing is needed to better document hydrocarbon storage, migration and wettability properties of solid bitumen at the pressure and temperature conditions of shale reservoirs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hackley, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, MS Natl Ctr 956, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Cardott, Brian J.] Oklahoma Geol Survey, 100 E Boyd St,Rm N-131, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Hackley, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS Natl Ctr 956, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM phackley@usgs.gov; bcardott@ou.edu FU USGS Energy Resources Program FX Technical reviews by Neely Bostick (USGS, Emeritus), Henrik Petersen (Maersk Oil) and Thomas Gentzis (Core Laboratories) improved this paper. Robert Burruss (USGS) provided helpful comments to clarify the information presented in Fig. 3. Brett Valentine (USGS) assisted with sample preparation and photomicrographs. Jim Hower (CAER) and Tucker Hentz (BEG) provided samples of Wolfcampian mudrocks and many other individuals contributed various samples as listed in Table 1. The following persons reviewed individual sections of the manuscript as regional experts: Bakken, Lavern Stasiuk (Shell Canada); Barnett, Dan Jarvie (Worldwide Geochemistry); Duvernay, Raphael Wust (Trican Well Service); Eagle Ford, Wayne Camp (Anadarko) and Neil Fishman (Hess Corporation); Haynesville, Ursula Hammes (Texas Bureau of Economic Geology); Niobrara, Steve Sonnenberg (Colorado School of Mines). This research was funded by the USGS Energy Resources Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 424 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 30 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 163 BP 8 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2016.06.010 PG 44 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA DV9ZW UT WOS:000383301700002 ER PT J AU Richgels, KLD Russell, RE Bron, GM Rocke, TE AF Richgels, Katherine L. D. Russell, Robin E. Bron, Gebbiena M. Rocke, Tonie E. TI Evaluation of Yersinia pestis Transmission Pathways for Sylvatic Plague in Prairie Dog Populations in the Western US SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Review DE disease ecology; Cynomys; flea; vector-borne; pathogen; epizootiology ID EARLY-PHASE TRANSMISSION; MOUSE ONYCHOMYS-LEUCOGASTER; CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; NEW-MEXICO; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; MAMMALIAN CARNIVORES; NORTHERN COLORADO; VECTOR COMPETENCE; UNBLOCKED FLEAS; CENTRAL-ASIA AB Sylvatic plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, is periodically responsible for large die-offs in rodent populations that can spillover and cause human mortalities. In the western US, prairie dog populations experience nearly 100% mortality during plague outbreaks, suggesting that multiple transmission pathways combine to amplify plague dynamics. Several alternate pathways in addition to flea vectors have been proposed, such as transmission via direct contact with bodily fluids or inhalation of infectious droplets, consumption of carcasses, and environmental sources of plague bacteria, such as contaminated soil. However, evidence supporting the ability of these proposed alternate pathways to trigger large-scale epizootics remains elusive. Here we present a short review of potential plague transmission pathways and use an ordinary differential equation model to assess the contribution of each pathway to resulting plague dynamics in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) and their fleas (Oropsylla hirsuta). Using our model, we found little evidence to suggest that soil contamination was capable of producing plague epizootics in prairie dogs. However, in the absence of flea transmission, direct transmission, i.e., contact with bodily fluids or inhalation of infectious droplets, could produce enzootic dynamics, and transmission via contact with or consumption of carcasses could produce epizootics. This suggests that these pathways warrant further investigation. C1 [Richgels, Katherine L. D.; Russell, Robin E.; Bron, Gebbiena M.; Rocke, Tonie E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53562 USA. [Richgels, Katherine L. D.; Bron, Gebbiena M.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Rocke, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53562 USA. EM trocke@usgs.gov RI Richgels, Katherine/H-3773-2013; OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303; Richgels, Katherine/0000-0003-2834-9477; Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Wildlife Health Center; Morris Animal Foundation [D14ZO-412] FX This manuscript was greatly improved by comments from R. Abbott, E. Falendysz, M. Buhnerkempe, and two anonymous reviewers. RR and TR are supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Wildlife Health Center. KR performed this work with the USGS while employed as a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Wisconsin. GB performed this work with the USGS while serving as a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin and is supported by a fellowship from the Morris Animal Foundation (D14ZO-412). The use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 EI 1612-9210 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD JUN PY 2016 VL 13 IS 2 BP 415 EP 427 DI 10.1007/s10393-016-1133-9 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU3VM UT WOS:000382140300021 PM 27234457 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM Journey, CA Button, DT Carlisle, DM Clark, JM Mahler, BJ Nakagaki, N Qi, SL Waite, IR VanMetre, PC AF Bradley, Paul M. Journey, Celeste A. Button, Daniel T. Carlisle, Daren M. Clark, Jimmy M. Mahler, Barbara J. Nakagaki, Naomi Qi, Sharon L. Waite, Ian R. VanMetre, Peter C. TI Metformin and Other Pharmaceuticals Widespread in Wadeable Streams of the Southeastern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTIDIABETIC DRUG METFORMIN; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; TRANSFORMATION PRODUCT GUANYLUREA; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; FATHEAD MINNOWS; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; RISK ASSESSMENTS AB Pharmaceutical contaminants are growing aquatic-health concerns and largely attributed to wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) discharges. Five biweekly water samples from 59 small Piedmont (United States) streams were analyzed for 108 pharmaceuticals and degradates using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The antidiabetic metformin was detected in 89% of samples and at 97% of sites. At least one pharmaceutical was detected at every site (median of 6, maximum of 45), and several were detected at >10% of sites at concentrations reported to affect multiple aquatic end points. Maximal cumulative (all detected compounds) concentrations per site ranged from 17 to 16000 ng L-1. Watershed urbanization, water table depth, soil thickness, and WWTF metrics correlated significantly with in-stream pharmaceutical contamination. Comparable pharmaceutical concentrations and detections at sites with and without permitted wastewater discharges demonstrate the importance of non-WWTF sources and the need for broad-scale mitigation. The results highlight a fundamental biochemical link between global human-health crises like diabetes and aquatic ecosystem health. C1 [Bradley, Paul M.; Journey, Celeste A.; Clark, Jimmy M.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Button, Daniel T.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Carlisle, Daren M.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Mahler, Barbara J.; VanMetre, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Nakagaki, Naomi] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Qi, Sharon L.] US Geol Survey, Beaverton, OR 97201 USA. [Waite, Ian R.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM pbradley@usgs.gov OI Journey, Celeste/0000-0002-2284-5851 FU USGS National Water Quality Program's Regional Stream Quality Assessment; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This research was conducted and funded by the USGS National Water Quality Program's Regional Stream Quality Assessment. Additional support for P.M.B. was provided by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. We thank D. W. Kolpin and three anonymous referees for their reviews. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2328-8930 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECH LET JI Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 3 IS 6 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00170 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DT2TG UT WOS:000381332900003 ER PT J AU Barron, JA Bukry, D Addison, JA Ager, TA AF Barron, John A. Bukry, David Addison, Jason A. Ager, Thomas A. TI Holocene evolution of diatom and silicoflagellate paleoceanography in Slocum Arm, a fjord in southeastern Alaska SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diatoms; Silicoflagellates; Holocene; Gulf of Alaska; SST; Salinity; Fjord ID PACIFIC SURFACE SEDIMENTS; NORTH PACIFIC; SEA-ICE; BERING-SEA; CHLOROPHYLL-A; OKHOTSK SEAS; OCEAN; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; GULF AB Diatom and silicoflagellate assemblages in cores EW0408-47JC, -47TC, -46MC (57 degrees 34.5278' N, 136 degrees 3.7764' W, 114 m water depth) taken from the outer portion of Slocum Arm, a post-glacial fjord in southeastern Alaska, reveal the paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic evolution of the eastern margin of the Gulf of Alaska (GoA) during the past 10,000 years. Between similar to 10 and 6.8 cal ka, periods of low salinity and cool water conditions alternated with brief intervals marked by the increased influx of oceanic, more saline and likely warmer waters. Increased surface water stability characterized by a middle Holocene interval between similar to 6.8 and 3.2 cal ka is typified by increased abundances of northeastern Pacific Thalassiosira spp. that are indicative of spring coastal blooms and decreased abundances of warm and higher salinity oceanic diatoms. At similar to 3.2 cal ka, an abrupt increase in both the relative contribution of oceanic diatoms and silicoflagellates suggestive of cooler upwelling conditions occurred in the -47JC record. A stepwise increase in alkenone sea surface temperature in northern GoA core EW0408-85JC and increase in southern sourced precipitation in the carbonate 6180 record of Jellybean Lake (Yukon) present evidence that this similar to 3.2 cal ka event coincided with the onset of enhanced positive Pacific Decadal Oscillation like (PDO) conditions in the GoA. These positive PDO-like conditions persisted until similar to 1.0 cal ka and were followed by high amplitude fluctuations in the relative abundance of diatom and silicoflagellate assemblages. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barron, John A.; Bukry, David; Addison, Jason A.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, MS910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ager, Thomas A.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Sci Ctr, Box 25046,MS 980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Barron, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, MS910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jbarron@usgs.gov; dbukry@usgs.gov; jaddison@usgs.gov; tager@usgs.gov OI Addison, Jason/0000-0003-2416-9743 FU NSF [OCE02-41828]; USGS Climate and Land Use Change, Research and Development Program FX Appreciation is due to Alan Mix and John Jaeger and the crew and scientific staff of the NSF-sponsored, the 2004 R/V Maurice Ewing Cruise 0408. Larry Mayer is acknowledged for use of the EW0408 multibeam bathymetry data collected under NSF grant OCE02-41828. Jonataro Onodera and Beth Caissie are thanked for their assistance in diatom identifications. Jennifer Kusler and Valerie Schwatz prepared slides for diatom and silicoflagellate study. The staff of the Oregon State core repository is thanked for taking many of the samples. Bruce Finney of Idaho State University provided the dating of materials and contributed significantly to the scientific discussions. This manuscript benefited from the reviews of Scott W. Starratt and journal reviewers, Jonataro Onodera (JAMSTEC) and an anonymous reviewer. Marine Micropaleontology Editor, Richard Jordan, also supplied helpful comment. Funding to Barron, Addison, Bukry, and Ager was provided by the USGS Climate and Land Use Change, Research and Development Program. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 EI 1872-6186 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 126 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.marmicro.2016.05.002 PG 18 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA DT2PY UT WOS:000381324100001 ER PT J AU Cassaigne, I Medellin, RA Thompson, RW Culver, M Ochoa, A Vargas, K Childs, JL Sanderson, J List, R Torres-Gomez, A AF Cassaigne, Ivonne Medellin, Rodrigo A. Thompson, Ron W. Culver, Melanie Ochoa, Alexander Vargas, Karla Childs, Jack L. Sanderson, Jim List, Rurik Torres-Gomez, Armando TI DIET OF PUMAS (PUMA CONCOLOR) IN SONORA, MEXICO, AS DETERMINED BY GPS KILL SITES AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFIED SCAT, WITH COMMENTS ON JAGUAR (PANTHERA ONCA) DIET SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FOOD-HABITS; NORTHEASTERN SONORA; TROPICAL FOREST; PREDATION; PREY; PATTERNS; RATES AB We documented puma (Puma concolor) and jaguar (Panthera onca) prey consumption in northeastern Sonora, Mexico, by investigating global positioning system cluster sites (n = 220), and conducting molecular analyses of scat (n = 116) collected between 2011 and 2013. We used camera trap data (n = 8,976 camera days) to estimate relative abundances of pumas and jaguars. Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was the most frequent prey for puma found at kill sites (67%) and identified from scat (74%), although based on relative numbers of prey consumed, deer represented 45% and lagomorphs 20% of the proportion of all individuals eaten. A variety of small prey (weighing < 15 kg) comprised the majority (52%) of the jaguar kill sites. From prey found at kill sites, jaguars killed calves (Bos taurus) at a lower frequency than previously reported, whereas pumas preyed on calves at a higher frequency than previously reported in the same area. In our study area, jaguars preyed on calves at approximately the same rate as pumas (jaguars 3.7 calves per year, pumas 4.9 calves per year). Calculated predation rates were limited only to collared animals within our study area and therefore should not be considered applicable to all pumas and jaguars in Sonora. C1 [Cassaigne, Ivonne] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Circuito Interior, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Medellin, Rodrigo A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Circuito Exterior S-N, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Thompson, Ron W.] Primero Conservat, POB 16106, Portal, AZ 85632 USA. [Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Survey, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1064 East Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Culver, Melanie; Ochoa, Alexander; Vargas, Karla] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1064 East Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Childs, Jack L.] Borderland Trackers, 1165 W Hawk Way, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Sanderson, Jim] Small Wild Cat Conservat Fdn, 1510 South Bascom Ave,Apartment 7, Campbell, CA 95008 USA. [List, Rurik] Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Lerma, Dept Ciencias Ambientales, Hidalgo Pte 46, Lerma 52006, Estado De Mexic, Mexico. [Torres-Gomez, Armando] ABC Med Ctr Observ, Consultorio 49-C,Torre Sur,Sur 136 116, Col Las Amer 01120, DF, Mexico. RP Cassaigne, I (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Circuito Interior, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. EM icassaigne@yahoo.com FU Rufford Foundation; Summerlee Foundation; Primero Conservation; Pope and Young Club; Safari Club International; Small Wild Cat Conservation Foundation; Sea World & Busch Gardens Conservation Fund; Bioconciencia; Greater Good FX Funding was provided by The Rufford Foundation, The Summerlee Foundation, Primero Conservation, Pope and Young Club, Safari Club International, The Small Wild Cat Conservation Foundation, Sea World & Busch Gardens Conservation Fund and Bioconciencia. We want to first and foremost thank our field technician M. Galaz Galaz for all his hard work, knowledge, and skills in reading wildlife sign, and his ability to collaborate with all landowners and local citizens. Our appreciation of S. Dieterich cannot be expressed for all her work with grant tracking and coordination during long fieldwork sessions. We could not have completed this project without the invaluable voluntary assistance and support in the field given by N. Smith, D. Milani, B. Geary, K. Thompson, K. Drake, A. de la Torre, B. Portillo Lopez, A. Legorreta, L. and P. Harveson, R. Valdez, L. Torres Knoop, and the Televisa team during this project. We are especially grateful to J. Moreno Martinez for his continuous support and use of his ranches, horses, mules, and lodging for the duration of the study. We thank T. Waddell for his helpful review of our paper and Greater Good for their funding support to apply a model generated from this study to resolve wildlife conflicts with ranchers in the study area. Finally, we want to thank all the study-area ranchers that allowed us access to their properties to check kill sites and for their understanding and patience of our study's purpose even when they were notified that our study animals had killed one of their calves. Vertebrates were captured by personnel working for this study under their live capture permit number SGPA/DGVS/00214/13. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 13 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 61 IS 2 BP 125 EP 132 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU4GY UT WOS:000382172100005 ER PT J AU Nichols, J Hubbart, JA Poulton, BC AF Nichols, John Hubbart, Jason A. Poulton, Barry C. TI Using macroinvertebrate assemblages and multiple stressors to infer urban stream system condition: a case study in the central US SO URBAN ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Macroinvertebrates; Physical habitat; Rootmats; Trait-based metrics; Urbanization; Hinkson Creek ID LAND-USE; INVERTEBRATE TRAITS; ECOSYSTEMS; FLOW; CONSEQUENCES; DISTURBANCE; RESPONSES; INSECTS; HABITAT; WATER AB Characterizing the impacts of hydrologic alterations, pollutants, and habitat degradation on macroinvertebrate species assemblages is of critical value for managers wishing to categorize stream ecosystem condition. A combination of approaches including trait-based metrics and traditional bioassessments provides greater information, particularly in anthropogenic stream ecosystems where traditional approaches can be confounded by variously interacting land use impacts. Macroinvertebrates were collected from two rural and three urban nested study sites in central Missouri, USA during the spring and fall seasons of 2011. Land use responses of conventional taxonomic and trait-based metrics were compared to streamflow indices, physical habitat metrics, and water quality indices. Results show that biotic index was significantly different (p < 0.05) between sites with differences detected in 54 % of trait-based metrics. The most consistent response to urbanization was observed in size metrics, with significantly (p < 0.05) fewer small bodied organisms. Increases in fine stream-bed sediment, decreased submerged woody rootmats, significantly higher winter Chloride concentrations, and decreased mean suspended sediment particle size in lower urban stream reaches also influenced macroinvertebrate assemblages. Riffle habitats in urban reaches contained 21 % more (p = 0.03) multivoltine organisms, which was positively correlated to the magnitude of peak flows (r(2) = 0.91, p = 0.012) suggesting that high flow events may serve as a disturbance in those areas. Results support the use of macroinvertebrate assemblages and multiple stressors to characterize urban stream system condition and highlight the need to better understand the complex interactions of trait-based metrics and anthropogenic aquatic ecosystem stressors. C1 [Nichols, John] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, 203-T ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Hubbart, Jason A.] West Virginia Univ, Davis Coll, Sch Agr & Food, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Hubbart, Jason A.] West Virginia Univ, Davis Coll, Sch Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Hubbart, Jason A.] West Virginia Univ, Inst Water Secur & Sci, Morgantown, WV USA. [Poulton, Barry C.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Hubbart, JA (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Davis Coll, Sch Agr & Food, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.; Hubbart, JA (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Davis Coll, Sch Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.; Hubbart, JA (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Inst Water Secur & Sci, Morgantown, WV USA. EM Jrnb66@mail.missouri.edu; jason.hubbart@mail.wvu.edu; bpoulton@usgs.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 7 through the Missouri Department of Natural Resources [P.N: G08-NPS-17]; Missouri Department of Conservation FX The authors would like to thank Bill Mabee and Matt Combes of the Missouri Department of Conservation for conducting the laboratory processing and identification of invertebrate samples. Funding was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 7 through the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (P.N: G08-NPS-17) under Section 319 of the Clean Water Act, and the Missouri Department of Conservation. Results presented may not reflect the views of the sponsors and no official endorsement should be inferred. Collaborators include (but are not limited to) Boone County Public Works, City of Columbia, University of Missouri, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Special thanks are due to many Interdisciplinary Hydrology Laboratory scientists for field assistance and multiple reviewers whose constructive comments greatly improved the article. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1083-8155 EI 1573-1642 J9 URBAN ECOSYST JI Urban Ecosyst. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 19 IS 2 BP 679 EP 704 DI 10.1007/s11252-016-0534-4 PG 26 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Urban Studies SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies GA DV1HF UT WOS:000382671000011 ER PT J AU Hantson, S Kloster, S Coughlan, M Daniau, AL Vanniere, B Brucher, T Kehrwald, N Magi, BI AF Hantson, Stijn Kloster, Silvia Coughlan, Michael Daniau, Anne-Laure Vanniere, Boris Bruecher, Tim Kehrwald, Natalie Magi, Brian I. TI Fire in the Earth System: Bridging Data and Modeling Research SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Hantson, Stijn] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Atmospher Environm Res, Kreuzeckbahnstr 19, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Kloster, Silvia] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Coughlan, Michael] Univ Georgia, Dept Anthropol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Daniau, Anne-Laure] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Talence, France. [Vanniere, Boris] Univ Bourgogne Franche Comte, CNRS, Chronoenvironm, UMR 6249, Besancon, France. [Bruecher, Tim] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. [Kehrwald, Natalie] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Magi, Brian I.] Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Charlotte, NC USA. RP Hantson, S (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Atmospher Environm Res, Kreuzeckbahnstr 19, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. EM stijn.hantson@kit.edu RI Kehrwald, Natalie/A-3848-2013; OI Kehrwald, Natalie/0000-0002-9160-2239; Hantson, Stijn/0000-0003-4607-9204; Magi, Brian/0000-0001-8131-0083 FU National Science Foundation Geography and Spatial Sciences program [BCS-1437074, BCS-1436496]; PAGES Global Paleofire Working Group FX Support for the workshop and participant travel was from the PAGES Global Paleofire Working Group (www.gpwg.paleofire.org) and the National Science Foundation Geography and Spatial Sciences program (Grants BCS-1437074 and BCS-1436496). NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1069 EP 1072 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00319.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS1HA UT WOS:000380345200015 ER PT J AU Atwood, TC Marcot, BG Douglas, DC Amstrup, SC Rode, KD Durner, GM Bromaghin, JF AF Atwood, Todd C. Marcot, Bruce G. Douglas, David C. Amstrup, Steven C. Rode, Karyn D. Durner, George M. Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. TI Forecasting the relative influence of environmental and anthropogenic stressors on polar bears SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Bayesian network; climate change; conservation; greenhouse gas emissions; influence analysis; mitigation; stressor evaluation; Ursus maritimus ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; ICE-FREE PERIOD; CLIMATE-CHANGE; URSUS-MARITIMUS; POPULATION ECOLOGY; FOOD AVAILABILITY; BAYESIAN NETWORK; BODY CONDITION AB Effective conservation planning requires understanding and ranking threats to wildlife populations. We developed a Bayesian network model to evaluate the relative influence of environmental and anthropogenic stressors, and their mitigation, on the persistence of polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Overall sea ice conditions, affected by rising global temperatures, were the most influential determinant of population outcomes. Accordingly, unabated rise in atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations was the dominant influence leading to worsened population outcomes, with polar bears in three of four ecoregions reaching a dominant probability of decreased or greatly decreased by the latter part of this century. Stabilization of atmospheric GHG concentrations by mid-century delayed the greatly reduced state by approximate to 25 yr in two ecoregions. Prompt and aggressive mitigation of emissions reduced the probability of any regional population becoming greatly reduced by up to 25%. Marine prey availability, linked closely to sea ice trend, had slightly less influence on outcome state than sea ice availability itself. Reduced mortality from hunting and defense of life and property interactions resulted in modest declines in the probability of a decreased or greatly decreased population outcome. Minimizing other stressors such as trans-Arctic shipping, oil and gas exploration, and contaminants had a negligible effect on polar bear outcomes, although the model was not well-informed with respect to the potential influence of these stressors. Adverse consequences of loss of sea ice habitat became more pronounced as the summer ice-free period lengthened beyond four months, which could occur in most of the Arctic basin after mid-century if GHG emissions are not promptly reduced. Long-term conservation of polar bears would be best supported by holding global mean temperature to <= 2 degrees C above preindustrial levels. Until further sea ice loss is stopped, management of other stressors may serve to slow the transition of populations to progressively worsened outcomes, and improve the prospects for their long-term persistence. C1 [Atwood, Todd C.; Rode, Karyn D.; Durner, George M.; Bromaghin, Jeffrey F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Marcot, Bruce G.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Amstrup, Steven C.] Polar Bears Int, Bozeman, MT 59772 USA. RP Atwood, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM tatwood@usgs.gov RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009; OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500; Rode, Karyn/0000-0002-3328-8202 FU U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 7, Marine Mammals Management Office FX This analysis is part of the U.S. Geological Survey Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative, supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area, with additional in-kind contributions from the U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 7, Marine Mammals Management Office. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Appendix S1: Table S1) for producing and making available their model output. We thank K. Laidre for providing expertise on polar bear ecology and for valuable insight throughout the course of this study. We thank members of the U.S. Polar Bear Recovery Team, Science and Traditional Ecological Knowledge Working Group for providing feedback on model influence diagrams and structure. We are grateful for the helpful comments and suggestions from T. DeBruyn, J. Wilder, M. Runge, and D. Pierce-Williams at various stages in the development of this work. K. Oakley, S. Ban, G. Wilhere, and A. Derocher provided comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 102 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 75 U2 105 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 6 AR e01370 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1370 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU4CD UT WOS:000382158500001 ER PT J AU Ray, C Beever, EA Rodhouse, TJ AF Ray, Chris Beever, Erik A. Rodhouse, Thomas J. TI Distribution of a climate-sensitive species at an interior range margin SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE distributional limits; Lava Beds National Monument; microclimate; microhabitat; Ochotona princeps; plant-animal association; plant-herbivore interaction; range dynamics; refugia ID PIKA OCHOTONA-PRINCEPS; SOUTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; WESTERN GREAT-BASIN; AMERICAN PIKA; SIERRA-NEVADA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SPLENDID ISOLATION; ALPINE MEADOWS; PREDATION RISK; FECAL PELLETS AB Advances in understanding the factors that limit a species' range, particularly in the context of climate change, have come disproportionately through investigations at range edges or margins. The margins of a species' range might often correspond with anomalous microclimates that confer habitat suitability where the species would otherwise fail to persist. We addressed this hypothesis using data from an interior, climatic range margin of the American pika (Ochotona princeps), an indicator of relatively cool, mesic climates in rocky habitats of western North America. Pikas in Lava Beds National Monument, northeastern California, USA, occur at elevations much lower than predicted by latitude and longitude. We hypothesized that pika occurrence within Lava Beds would be associated primarily with features such as "ice caves" in which sub-surface ice persists outside the winter months. We used data loggers to monitor sub-surface temperatures at cave entrances and at non-cave sites, confirming that temperatures were cooler and more stable at cave entrances. We surveyed habitat characteristics and evidence of pika occupancy across a random sample of cave and non-cave sites over a 2-yr period. Pika detection probability was high (similar to 0.97), and the combined occupancy of cave and non-cave sites varied across the 2 yr from 27% to 69%. Contrary to our hypothesis, occupancy was not higher at cave sites. Vegetation metrics were the best predictors of site use by pikas, followed by an edge effect and elevation. The importance of vegetation as a predictor of pika distribution at this interior range margin is congruent with recent studies from other portions of the species' range. However, we caution that vegetation composition depends on microclimate, which might be the proximal driver of pika distribution. The microclimates available in non-cave crevices accessible to small animals have not been characterized adequately for lava landscapes. We advocate innovation in the acquisition and use of microclimatic data for understanding the distributions of many taxa. Appropriately scaled microclimatic data are increasingly available but rarely used in studies of range dynamics. C1 [Ray, Chris] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beever, Erik A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Beever, Erik A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Rodhouse, Thomas J.] Upper Columbia Basin Network, Natl Pk Serv, Bend, OR 97702 USA. RP Ray, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cray@colorado.edu NR 89 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 18 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 6 AR e01379 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1379 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU4CD UT WOS:000382158500011 ER PT J AU Bastille-Rousseau, G Potts, JR Yackulic, CB Frair, JL Ellington, EH Blake, S AF Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume Potts, Jonathan R. Yackulic, Charles B. Frair, Jacqueline L. Ellington, E. Hance Blake, Stephen TI Flexible characterization of animal movement pattern using net squared displacement and a latent state model SO MOVEMENT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian clustering; Mixture model; Giant Galapagos tortoises (Chelonoidis sp.); Migration; Resident; Discrete latent state ID SPATIOTEMPORAL SCALES; NORTHERN UNGULATE; LARGE HERBIVORES; MIGRATION; ECOLOGY; RANGE AB Background: Characterizing the movement patterns of animals is an important step in understanding their ecology. Various methods have been developed for classifying animal movement at both coarse (e.g., migratory vs. sedentary behavior) and fine (e.g., resting vs. foraging) scales. A popular approach for classifying movements at coarse resolutions involves fitting time series of net-squared displacement (NSD) to models representing different conceptualizations of coarse movement strategies (i.e., migration, nomadism, sedentarism, etc.). However, the performance of this method in classifying actual (as opposed to simulated) animal movements has been mixed. Here, we develop a more flexible method that uses the same NSD input, but relies on an underlying discrete latent state model. Using simulated data, we first assess how well patterns in the number of transitions between modes of movement and the duration of time spent in a mode classify movement strategies. We then apply our approach to elucidate variability in the movement strategies of eight giant tortoises (Chelonoidis sp.) using a multi-year (2009-2014) GPS dataset from three different Galapagos Islands. Results: With respect to patterns of time spent and the number of transitions between modes, our approach outperformed previous efforts to distinguish among migration, dispersal, and sedentary behavior. We documented marked inter-individual variation in giant tortoise movement strategies, with behaviors indicating migration, dispersal, nomadism and sedentarism, as well as hybrid behaviors such as "exploratory residence". Conclusions: Distilling complex animal movement into discrete modes remains a fundamental challenge in movement ecology, a problem made more complex by the ever-longer duration, ever-finer resolution, and gap-ridden trajectories recorded by GPS devices. By clustering into modes, we derived information on the time spent within one mode and the number of transitions between modes which enabled finer differentiation of movement strategies over previous methods. Ultimately, the techniques developed here address limitations of previous approaches and provide greater insights with respect to characterization of movement strategies across scales by more fully utilizing long-term GPS telemetry datasets. C1 [Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume; Frair, Jacqueline L.; Blake, Stephen] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume; Frair, Jacqueline L.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Roosevelt Wild Life Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Potts, Jonathan R.] Univ Sheffield, Sch Math & Stat, Hicks Bldg,Hounsfield Rd, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. [Yackulic, Charles B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ellington, E. Hance] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Blake, Stephen] St Louis Zoo, WildCare Inst, 1 Govt Dr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Blake, Stephen] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. [Blake, Stephen] Univ Missouri, Whitney Harris World Ecol Ctr, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Blake, Stephen] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Blake, Stephen] Charles Darwin Fdn, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, Ecuador. RP Blake, S (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.; Blake, S (reprint author), St Louis Zoo, WildCare Inst, 1 Govt Dr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.; Blake, S (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany.; Blake, S (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Whitney Harris World Ecol Ctr, St Louis, MO 63121 USA.; Blake, S (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.; Blake, S (reprint author), Charles Darwin Fdn, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, Ecuador. EM sblake@orn.mpg.de OI Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume/0000-0001-6799-639X NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 2051-3933 J9 MOV ECOL JI Mov. Ecol. PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 4 AR UNSP 15 DI 10.1186/s40462-016-0080-y PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU0ZI UT WOS:000381933600001 PM 27252856 ER PT J AU van der Elst, NJ Page, MT Weiser, DA Goebel, THW Hosseini, SM AF van der Elst, Nicholas J. Page, Morgan T. Weiser, Deborah A. Goebel, Thomas H. W. Hosseini, S. Mehran TI Induced earthquake magnitudes are as large as (statistically) expected SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID RESERVOIR STIMULATION EXPERIMENTS; INJECTION-INDUCED SEISMICITY; ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM; WASTE-WATER INJECTION; SOULTZ-SOUS-FORETS; FLUID-INJECTION; COOPER BASIN; CENTRAL OKLAHOMA; SEQUENCE; AUSTRALIA AB A major question for the hazard posed by injection-induced seismicity is how large induced earthquakes can be. Are their maximum magnitudes determined by injection parameters or by tectonics? Deterministic limits on induced earthquake magnitudes have been proposed based on the size of the reservoir or the volume of fluid injected. However, if induced earthquakes occur on tectonic faults oriented favorably with respect to the tectonic stress field, then they may be limited only by the regional tectonics and connectivity of the fault network. In this study, we show that the largest magnitudes observed at fluid injection sites are consistent with the sampling statistics of the Gutenberg-Richter distribution for tectonic earthquakes, assuming no upper magnitude bound. The data pass three specific tests: (1) the largest observed earthquake at each site scales with the log of the total number of induced earthquakes, (2) the order of occurrence of the largest event is random within the induced sequence, and (3) the injected volume controls the total number of earthquakes rather than the total seismic moment. All three tests point to an injection control on earthquake nucleation but a tectonic control on earthquake magnitude. Given that the largest observed earthquakes are exactly as large as expected from the sampling statistics, we should not conclude that these are the largest earthquakes possible. Instead, the results imply that induced earthquake magnitudes should be treated with the same maximum magnitude bound that is currently used to treat seismic hazard from tectonic earthquakes. C1 [van der Elst, Nicholas J.; Page, Morgan T.; Weiser, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Weiser, Deborah A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Goebel, Thomas H. W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hosseini, S. Mehran] Univ So Calif, Mork Family Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP van der Elst, NJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM nvanderelst@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 6 BP 4575 EP 4590 DI 10.1002/2016JB012818 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DT6XD UT WOS:000381627300028 ER PT J AU Vannucchi, P Morgan, JP Silver, EA Kluesner, JW AF Vannucchi, Paola Morgan, Jason P. Silver, Eli A. Kluesner, Jared W. TI Origin and dynamics of depositionary subduction margins SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE subduction; forearc; costa rica ID MIDDLE AMERICA TRENCH; COSTA-RICA; FORE-ARC; ACCRETIONARY WEDGES; SEISMOGENIC ZONE; TECTONIC EROSION; PACIFIC MARGIN; COULOMB THEORY; VOLCANIC ARC; THRUST BELTS AB Here we propose a new framework for forearc evolution that focuses on the potential feedbacks between subduction tectonics, sedimentation, and geomorphology that take place during an extreme event of subduction erosion. These feedbacks can lead to the creation of a depositionary forearc, a forearc structure that extends the traditional division of forearcs into accretionary or erosive subduction margins by demonstrating a mode of rapid basin accretion during an erosive event at a subduction margin. A depositionary mode of forearc evolution occurs when terrigenous sediments are deposited directly on the forearc while it is being removed from below by subduction erosion. In the most extreme case, an entire forearc can be removed by a single subduction erosion event followed by depositionary replacement without involving transfer of sediments from the incoming plate. We need to further recognize that subduction forearcs are often shaped by interactions between slow, long-term processes, and sudden extreme events reflecting the sudden influences of large-scale morphological variations in the incoming plate. Both types of processes contribute to the large-scale architecture of the forearc, with extreme events associated with a replacive depositionary mode that rapidly creates sections of a typical forearc margin. The persistent upward diversion of the megathrust is likely to affect its geometry, frictional nature, and hydrogeology. Therefore, the stresses along the fault and individual earthquake rupture characteristics are also expected to be more variable in these erosive systems than in systems with long-lived megathrust surfaces. C1 [Vannucchi, Paola; Morgan, Jason P.] Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, Egham, Surrey, England. [Vannucchi, Paola] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Florence, Italy. [Silver, Eli A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Kluesner, Jared W.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Vannucchi, P (reprint author), Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, Egham, Surrey, England.; Vannucchi, P (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Florence, Italy. EM paola.vannucchi@rhul.ac.uk FU NERC Rapid Response Grant; NSF [0851529]; Wolfson Research Award FX The authors wish to thank Donald Fisher, Peter deCelles, and Janet Watt for their reviews and insightful suggestions. The authors have also greatly benefitted by discussions with Nathan Bangs. All the drilling-related data are publicly available at . PV was funded through a NERC Rapid Response Grant. E.S. and J.K. were funded by NSF collaborative research award 0851529, and J.M. was funded by a Wolfson Research Award. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1966 EP 1974 DI 10.1002/2016GC006259 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DS4CF UT WOS:000380728300001 ER PT J AU Haddon, EK Amos, CB Zielke, O Jayko, AS Burgmann, R AF Haddon, E. K. Amos, C. B. Zielke, O. Jayko, A. S. Burgmann, R. TI Surface slip during large Owens Valley earthquakes SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Owens Valley fault; surface slip; paleoseismology; tectonic geomorphology; slip rate; characteristic earthquakes ID CALIFORNIA SHEAR ZONE; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SEISMIC-HAZARD ANALYSIS; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; INDIAN WELLS VALLEY; W 7.1 DARFIELD; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; STRIKE-SLIP; LANDERS EARTHQUAKE AB The 1872 Owens Valley earthquake is the third largest known historical earthquake in California. Relatively sparse field data and a complex rupture trace, however, inhibited attempts to fully resolve the slip distribution and reconcile the total moment release. We present a new, comprehensive record of surface slip based on lidar and field investigation, documenting 162 new measurements of laterally and vertically displaced landforms for 1872 and prehistoric Owens Valley earthquakes. Our lidar analysis uses a newly developed analytical tool to measure fault slip based on cross-correlation of sublinear topographic features and to produce a uniquely shaped probability density function (PDF) for each measurement. Stacking PDFs along strike to form cumulative offset probability distribution plots (COPDs) highlights common values corresponding to single and multiple-event displacements. Lateral offsets for 1872 vary systematically from approximate to 1.0 to 6.0 m and average 3.31.1 m (2 sigma). Vertical offsets are predominantly east-down between approximate to 0.1 and 2.4 m, with a mean of 0.80.5 m. The average lateral-to-vertical ratio compiled at specific sites is approximate to 6:1. Summing displacements across subparallel, overlapping rupture traces implies a maximum of 7-11 m and net average of 4.41.5 m, corresponding to a geologic M-w approximate to 7.5 for the 1872 event. We attribute progressively higher-offset lateral COPD peaks at 7.12.0 m, 12.8 +/- 1.5 m, and 16.6 +/- 1.4 m to three earlier large surface ruptures. Evaluating cumulative displacements in context with previously dated landforms in Owens Valley suggests relatively modest rates of fault slip, averaging between approximate to 0.6 and 1.6 mm/yr (1 sigma) over the late Quaternary. C1 [Haddon, E. K.; Amos, C. B.] Western Washington Univ, Geol Dept, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Haddon, E. K.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Earth & Climate Sci, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Zielke, O.] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. [Jayko, A. S.] US Geol Survey, White Mt Res Ctr, Bishop, CA USA. [Burgmann, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Haddon, EK (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Geol Dept, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA.; Haddon, EK (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Earth & Climate Sci, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM b.haddon@gmail.com RI Amos, Colin/B-2397-2008; OI Amos, Colin/0000-0002-3862-9344; zielke, olaf/0000-0002-4797-0034 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0350028, EAR-0732947]; Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) [12140]; Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research fund; Community Foundation of San Bernardino county; Western Washington University Geology Department FX Data sets and expanded results contributing to this study are available in the supporting information. The EarthScope Southern and Eastern California Lidar Project (available online at http://opentopo.sdsc.edu) involved data acquisition and processing for the Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) by NCALM (http://www.ncalm.org). UNAVCO operates the PBO for EarthScope (http://www.earthscope.org), supported by the National Science Foundation (EAR-0350028 and EAR-0732947). Funding for this study was provided by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) (Project 12140), the Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research fund, the Community Foundation of San Bernardino county, and the Western Washington University Geology Department. We thank G. Seitz, M. Price, and K. Morgan for assistance in the field, and S. Bacon, J. Arrowsmith, R. Weldon, K. Scharer, J. Unruh, C. Madden-Madugo, and D. Haddad for helpful discussions. Constructive reviews by D. Schwartz, R. Briggs, E. Schermer, D. Clark, and one anonymous reviewer substantially improved the paper. We also thank the staff at the UC White Mountain Research Center for facilitating this work. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 135 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 6 BP 2239 EP 2269 DI 10.1002/2015GC006033 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DS4CF UT WOS:000380728300015 ER PT J AU McCrory, PA Constantz, JE Hunt, AG Blair, JL AF McCrory, P. A. Constantz, J. E. Hunt, A. G. Blair, J. L. TI Helium as a tracer for fluids released from Juan de Fuca lithosphere beneath the Cascadia forearc SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE mantle helium; Cascadia forearc ID HIKURANGI SUBDUCTION ZONE; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; HIGH HE-3 EMANATION; NEW-ZEALAND; NOBLE-GASES; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; GEOTHERMAL FLUIDS; HE-3/HE-4 RATIOS; NORTHEAST JAPAN AB Helium isotopic ratios (He-3/He-4) observed in 25 mineral springs and wells above the Cascadia forearc provide a marker for fluids derived from Juan de Fuca lithosphere. This exploratory study documents a significant component of mantle-derived helium within forearc springs and wells, and in turn, documents variability in helium enrichment across the Cascadia forearc. Sample sites arcward of the forearc mantle corner generally yield significantly higher ratios (approximate to 1.2-4.0 R-A) than those seaward of the corner (approximate to 0.03-0.7 R-A). He-3 detected above the inner forearc mantle wedge may represent a mixture of both oceanic lithosphere and forearc mantle sources, whereas He-3 detected seaward of the forearc mantle corner likely has only an oceanic source. The highest ratios in the Cascadia forearc coincide with slab depths (approximate to 40-45 km) where metamorphic dehydration of young oceanic lithosphere is expected to release significant fluid and where tectonic tremor occurs, whereas little fluid is expected to be released from the slab depths (approximate to 25-30 km) beneath sites seaward of the corner. These observations provide independent evidence that tremor is associated with deep fluids, and further suggest that high pore pressures associated with tremor may serve to keep fractures open for He-3 migration through the ductile upper mantle and lower crust. C1 [McCrory, P. A.; Constantz, J. E.; Blair, J. L.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hunt, A. G.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP McCrory, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pmccrory@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Patrick Dobson, Nicholas Beeler, William Evans, Michael Barall, and four anonymous reviewers for constructive comments which improved this contribution. Additional noble gas data supporting the analysis can be obtained at pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/. Funding provided by U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. No conflicts of interest. NR 78 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 6 BP 2434 EP 2449 DI 10.1002/2015GC006198 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DS4CF UT WOS:000380728300026 ER PT J AU Angeler, DG Allen, CR AF Angeler, David G. Allen, Craig R. TI Quantifying resilience SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; ECOSYSTEMS; STABILITY; SCALE; TRANSFORMABILITY; ADAPTABILITY; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; SHIFTS C1 [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, POB 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Angeler, DG (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, POB 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. EM David.Angeler@slu.se NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 20 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 BP 617 EP 624 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12649 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR7FM UT WOS:000380065400001 ER PT J AU Allen, CR Angeler, DG Cumming, GS Folke, C Twidwell, D Uden, DR AF Allen, Craig R. Angeler, David G. Cumming, Graeme S. Folke, Carl Twidwell, Dirac Uden, Daniel R. TI Quantifying spatial resilience SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE alternative states; cross-scale ecology; landscape ecology; regime shift; resilience; spatial ecology; spatial regime ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; HISTORICAL FIRE REGIMES; CORAL-REEFS; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEMS; LANDSCAPES; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; SHIFTS AB 1. Anthropogenic stressors affect the ecosystems upon which humanity relies. In some cases when resilience is exceeded, relatively small linear changes in stressors can cause relatively abrupt and nonlinear changes in ecosystems. 2. Ecological regime shifts occur when resilience is exceeded and ecosystems enter a new local equilibrium that differs in its structure and function from the previous state. Ecological resilience, the amount of disturbance that a system can withstand before it shifts into an alternative stability domain, is an important framework for understanding and managing ecological systems subject to collapse and reorganization. 3. Recently, interest in the influence of spatial characteristics of landscapes on resilience has increased. Understanding how spatial structure and variation in relevant variables in landscapes affects resilience to disturbance will assist with resilience quantification, and with local and regional management. 4. Synthesis and applications. We review the history and current status of spatial resilience in the research literature, expand upon existing literature to develop a more operational definition of spatial resilience, introduce additional elements of a spatial analytical approach to understanding resilience, present a framework for resilience operationalization and provide an overview of critical knowledge and technology gaps that should be addressed for the advancement of spatial resilience theory and its applications to management and conservation. C1 [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, POB 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Cumming, Graeme S.] Univ Cape Town, Percy FitzPatrick Inst, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Folke, Carl] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Folke, Carl] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Beijer Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. [Twidwell, Dirac] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Uden, Daniel R.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Cumming, Graeme S.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Allen, CR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM allencr@unl.edu RI Cumming, Graeme/B-6551-2008 OI Cumming, Graeme/0000-0002-3678-1326 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; August T. Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Swedish Research Council Formas [2014-1193]; Swedish Research Council VR [2014-5828]; U.S. Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) FX The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the August T. Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and the Swedish Research Councils Formas (2014-1193) and VR (2014-5828), and the U.S. Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 31 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 BP 625 EP 635 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12634 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR7FM UT WOS:000380065400002 ER PT J AU Angeler, DG Allen, CR Barichievy, C Eason, T Garmestani, AS Graham, NAJ Granholm, D Gunderson, LH Knutson, M Nash, KL Nelson, RJ Nystrom, M Spanbauer, TL Stow, CA Sundstrom, SM AF Angeler, David G. Allen, Craig R. Barichievy, Chris Eason, Tarsha Garmestani, Ahjond S. Graham, Nicholas A. J. Granholm, Dean Gunderson, Lance H. Knutson, Melinda Nash, Kirsty L. Nelson, R. John Nystrom, Magnus Spanbauer, Trisha L. Stow, Craig A. Sundstrom, Shana M. TI Management applications of discontinuity theory SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE biodiversity; discontinuity theory; ecological complexity; extinction; invasion biology; management; monitoring; regime shifts; resilience; scale ID HIERARCHICAL PATCH DYNAMICS; ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE; RELATIVE RESILIENCE; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; REGIME SHIFTS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; RESPONSE DIVERSITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CORAL-REEFS AB 1. Human impacts on the environment are multifaceted and can occur across distinct spatiotemporal scales. Ecological responses to environmental change are therefore difficult to predict, and entail large degrees of uncertainty. Such uncertainty requires robust tools for management to sustain ecosystem goods and services and maintain resilient ecosystems. 2. We propose an approach based on discontinuity theory that accounts for patterns and processes at distinct spatial and temporal scales, an inherent property of ecological systems. Discontinuity theory has not been applied in natural resource management and could therefore improve ecosystem management because it explicitly accounts for ecological complexity. 3. Synthesis and applications. We highlight the application of discontinuity approaches for meeting management goals. Specifically, discontinuity approaches have significant potential to measure and thus understand the resilience of ecosystems, to objectively identify critical scales of space and time in ecological systems at which human impact might be most severe, to provide warning indicators of regime change, to help predict and understand biological invasions and extinctions and to focus monitoring efforts. Discontinuity theory can complement current approaches, providing a broader paradigm for ecological management and conservation. C1 [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Barichievy, Chris] Zool Soc London, Regents Pk, London NW1 4RY, England. [Eason, Tarsha; Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Graham, Nicholas A. J.; Nash, Kirsty L.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Granholm, Dean] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. [Gunderson, Lance H.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Knutson, Melinda] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Nelson, R. John] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Ctr Biomed Res, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Nelson, R. John] Stantec Consulting Ltd, Saanichton, BC V8M 2A5, Canada. [Nystrom, Magnus] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Spanbauer, Trisha L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Spanbauer, Trisha L.; Sundstrom, Shana M.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Angeler, DG (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. EM david.angeler@slu.se RI Graham, Nicholas/C-8360-2014; OI Sundstrom, Shana/0000-0003-0823-8008; Nash, Kirsty/0000-0003-0976-3197 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; August T. Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; U.S. Geological Survey John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; Swedish Research Council Formas [2014-1193]; Swedish Research Council Vetenskapsradet [2014-5828] FX The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the United States Government or U.S. EPA. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the August T. Larsson Foundation of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, the U.S. Geological Survey John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis and the Swedish Research Councils Formas (2014-1193) and Vetenskapsradet (2014-5828). Joseph Bennett and two reviewers provided helpful comments that improved the paper. This paper is GLERL contribution number 1767. NR 75 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 21 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 BP 688 EP 698 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12494 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR7FM UT WOS:000380065400008 ER PT J AU Chalupnicki, MA Dittman, DE AF Chalupnicki, Marc A. Dittman, Dawn E. TI Alternative Method of Removing Otoliths from Sturgeon SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Medicine; Issue 112; Sturgeon; otoliths; fish ear bones; extraction; removal guide; Acipenseridae ID AGE-DETERMINATION; LAKE STURGEON; VALIDATION AB Extracting the otoliths (ear bones) from fish that have very thick skulls can be difficult and very time consuming. The common practice of making a transverse vertical incision on the top of the skull with a hand or electrical saw may damage the otolith if not performed correctly. Sturgeons (Acipenseridae) are one family in particular that have a very large and thick skull. A new laboratory method entering the brain cavity from the ventral side of the fish to expose the otoliths was easier than other otolith extraction methods found in the literature. Methods reviewed in the literature are designed for the field and are more efficient at processing large quantities of fish quickly. However, this new technique was designed to be more suited for a laboratory setting when time is not pressing and successful extraction from each specimen is critical. The success of finding and removing otoliths using this technique is very high and does not compromise the structure in any manner. This alternative technique is applicable to other similar fish species for extracting the otoliths. C1 [Chalupnicki, Marc A.; Dittman, Dawn E.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Chalupnicki, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM mchalupnicki@usgs.gov OI Dittman, Dawn/0000-0002-0711-3732 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD JUN PY 2016 IS 112 AR e54316 DI 10.3791/54316 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DS0CX UT WOS:000380264100092 ER PT J AU Maas-Hebner, KG Schreck, C Hughes, RM Yeakley, JA Molina, N AF Maas-Hebner, Kathleen G. Schreck, Carl Hughes, Robert M. Yeakley, J. Alan Molina, Nancy TI Scientifically Defensible Fish Conservation and Recovery Plans: Addressing Diffuse Threats and Developing Rigorous Adaptive Management Plans SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; WILLAMETTE RIVER-BASIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHINOOK SALMON; FRESH-WATER; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ESCAPEMENT GOALS; NORTH PACIFIC; LAND-USE; IMPACTS AB We discuss the importance of addressing diffuse threats to long-term species and habitat viability in fish conservation and recovery planning. In the Pacific Northwest, USA, salmonid management plans have typically focused on degraded freshwater habitat, dams, fish passage, harvest rates, and hatchery releases. However, such plans inadequately address threats related to human population and economic growth, intra-and interspecific competition, and changes in climate, ocean, and estuarine conditions. Based on reviews conducted on eight conservation and/or recovery plans, we found that though threats resulting from such changes are difficult to model and/or predict, they are especially important for wide-ranging diadromous species. Adaptive management is also a critical but often inadequately constructed component of those plans. Adaptive management should be designed to respond to evolving knowledge about the fish and their supporting ecosystems; if done properly, it should help improve conservation efforts by decreasing uncertainty regarding known and diffuse threats. We conclude with a general call for environmental managers and planners to reinvigorate the adaptive management process in future management plans, including more explicitly identifying critical uncertainties, implementing monitoring programs to reduce those uncertainties, and explicitly stating what management actions will occur when pre-identified trigger points are reached. C1 [Maas-Hebner, Kathleen G.; Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schreck, Carl] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hughes, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Amnis Opes Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Yeakley, J. Alan] Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Molina, Nancy] Cascadia Ecosyst, Gresham, OR USA. [Maas-Hebner, Kathleen G.] 305 S 9th St, Monroe, OR 97456 USA. RP Maas-Hebner, KG (reprint author), 305 S 9th St, Monroe, OR 97456 USA. EM KGMaasHebner@gmail.com FU Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund via the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board FX Funding for this article was provided by the Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund via the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board to Oregon's Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team. NR 107 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUN PY 2016 VL 41 IS 6 BP 276 EP 285 DI 10.1080/03632415.2016.1175346 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DR8KQ UT WOS:000380147200006 ER PT J AU Penaluna, BE Abadia-Cardoso, A Dunham, JB Garcia-De Leon, FJ Gresswell, RE Luna, AR Taylor, EB Shepard, BB Al-Chokhachy, R Muhlfeld, CC Bestgen, KR Rogers, K Escalante, MA Keeley, ER Temple, GM Williams, JE Matthews, KR Pierce, R Mayden, RL Kovach, RP Garza, JC Fausch, KD AF Penaluna, Brooke E. Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia Dunham, Jason B. Garcia-De Leon, Francisco J. Gresswell, Robert E. Ruiz Luna, Arturo Taylor, Eric B. Shepard, Bradley B. Al-Chokhachy, Robert Muhlfeld, Clint C. Bestgen, Kevin R. Rogers, Kevin Escalante, Marco A. Keeley, Ernest R. Temple, Gabriel M. Williams, Jack E. Matthews, Kathleen R. Pierce, Ron Mayden, Richard L. Kovach, Ryan P. Garza, John Carlos Fausch, Kurt D. TI Conservation of Native Pacific Trout Diversity in Western North America SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; NONNATIVE BROOK TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKII-LEWISI; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RAINBOW-TROUT; UNITED-STATES; REDBAND TROUT; RIVER-BASIN; WATER FISH; WILD TROUT AB Pacific trout Oncorhynchus spp. in western North America are strongly valued in ecological, socioeconomic, and cultural views, and have been the subject of substantial research and conservation efforts. Despite this, the understanding of their evolutionary histories, overall diversity, and challenges to their conservation is incomplete. We review the state of knowledge on these important issues, focusing on Pacific trout in the genus Oncorhynchus. Although most research on salmonid fishes emphasizes Pacific salmon, we focus on Pacific trout because they share a common evolutionary history, and many taxa in western North America have not been formally described, particularly in the southern extent of their ranges. Research in recent decades has led to the revision of many hypotheses concerning the origin and diversification of Pacific trout throughout their range. Although there has been significant success at addressing past threats to Pacific trout, contemporary and future threats represented by nonnative species, land and water use activities, and climate change pose challenges and uncertainties. Ultimately, conservation of Pacific trout depends on how well these issues are understood and addressed, and on solutions that allow these species to coexist with a growing scope of human influences. C1 [Penaluna, Brooke E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia; Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, Corvallis, OR USA. [Garcia-De Leon, Francisco J.] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste SC, Lab Genet Conservac, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, Mexico. [Gresswell, Robert E.; Al-Chokhachy, Robert] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Ruiz Luna, Arturo; Escalante, Marco A.] Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, Unidad Mazatlan Acuicultura & Manejo Ambiental, Mazatlan, Sin, Mexico. [Taylor, Eric B.] Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Res Ctr, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Taylor, Eric B.] Univ British Columbia, Beaty Biodivers Museum, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Shepard, Bradley B.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.; Kovach, Ryan P.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Bestgen, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Larval Fish Lab, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rogers, Kevin] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Steamboat Springs, CO USA. [Escalante, Marco A.] CNRS, Montpellier, France. [Keeley, Ernest R.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Temple, Gabriel M.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Ecol Interact Team, Ellensburg, WA USA. [Williams, Jack E.] Trout Unltd, Medford, OR USA. [Matthews, Kathleen R.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Albany, CA USA. [Pierce, Ron] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Missoula, MT USA. [Mayden, Richard L.] St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Garza, John Carlos] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Fausch, Kurt D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Shepard, Bradley B.] BB Shepard & Associates, Livingston, MT USA. RP Penaluna, BE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bepenaluna@fs.fed.us FU CONACYT [CB-2010-01-152893]; CONABIO [JM058]; U.S. Forest Service, PNW Research Station FX CONACYT (Ref. CB-2010-01-152893) and CONABIO (Ref. JM058) supported research projects on niche modeling and landscape genetics of native trout in Mexico. The U.S. Forest Service, PNW Research Station funded the use of illustrations by Joseph R. Tomelleri. This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with U.S. Geological Survey Fundamental Science Practices (pubs. usgs. gov. circ/1367). Use of trade or firm names here is for reader information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Government. NR 165 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUN PY 2016 VL 41 IS 6 BP 286 EP 300 DI 10.1080/03632415.2016.1175888 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DR8KQ UT WOS:000380147200007 ER PT J AU Nouri, H Glenn, EP Beecham, S Boroujeni, SC Sutton, P Alaghmand, S Noori, B Nagler, P AF Nouri, Hamideh Glenn, Edward P. Beecham, Simon Boroujeni, Sattar Chavoshi Sutton, Paul Alaghmand, Sina Noori, Behnaz Nagler, Pamela TI Comparing Three Approaches of Evapotranspiration Estimation in Mixed Urban Vegetation: Field-Based, Remote Sensing-Based and Observational-Based Methods SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; urban irrigation; drainage; lysimeter; Neutron Moisture Meter (NMM); soil water balance ID MOISTURE METER CALIBRATION; SOIL-WATER BALANCE; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; LANDSCAPE PLANTS; NEUTRON PROBE; IRRIGATION; MANAGEMENT; INDEX; CROP; ACCURACY AB Despite being the driest inhabited continent, Australia has one of the highest per capita water consumptions in the world. In addition, instead of having fit-for-purpose water supplies (using different qualities of water for different applications), highly treated drinking water is used for nearly all of Australia's urban water supply needs, including landscape irrigation. The water requirement of urban landscapes, particularly urban parklands, is of growing concern. The estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) and subsequently plant water requirements in urban vegetation needs to consider the heterogeneity of plants, soils, water, and climate characteristics. This research contributes to a broader effort to establish sustainable irrigation practices within the Adelaide Parklands in Adelaide, South Australia. In this paper, two practical ET estimation approaches are compared to a detailed Soil Water Balance (SWB) analysis over a one year period. One approach is the Water Use Classification of Landscape Plants (WUCOLS) method, which is based on expert opinion on the water needs of different classes of landscape plants. The other is a remote sensing approach based on the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors on the Terra satellite. Both methods require knowledge of reference ET calculated from meteorological data. The SWB determined that plants consumed 1084 mmyr(-1) of water in ET with an additional 16% lost to drainage past the root zone, an amount sufficient to keep salts from accumulating in the root zone. ET by MODIS EVI was 1088 mmyr(-1), very close to the SWB estimate, while WUCOLS estimated the total water requirement at only 802 mmyr(-1), 26% lower than the SWB estimate and 37% lower than the amount actually added including the drainage fraction. Individual monthly ET by MODIS was not accurate, but these errors were cancelled out to give good agreement on an annual time step. We conclude that the MODIS EVI method can provide accurate estimates of urban water requirements in mixed landscapes large enough to be sampled by MODIS imagery with 250-m resolution such as parklands and golf courses. C1 [Nouri, Hamideh; Beecham, Simon; Boroujeni, Sattar Chavoshi; Sutton, Paul; Alaghmand, Sina] Univ South Australia, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. [Glenn, Edward P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Boroujeni, Sattar Chavoshi] Soil Conservat & Watershed Management Res Inst Ir, Tehran 113613445, Iran. [Alaghmand, Sina] Monash Univ Malaysia, Discipline Civil Engn, Sch Engn, Selangor 47500, Malaysia. [Noori, Behnaz] Univ Tehran, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Tehran 3158777871, Iran. [Nagler, Pamela] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Nouri, H (reprint author), Univ South Australia, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. EM Hamideh.Nouri@unisa.edu.au; EGlenn@ag.arizona.edu; Simon.Beecham@unisa.edu.au; sattar.chavoshi@unisa.edu.au; Paul.sutton@unisa.edu.au; sina.alaghmand@monash.edu; beh_nouri@ut.ac.ir; pnagler@usgs.gov RI Beecham, Simon/M-1544-2016; OI Beecham, Simon/0000-0002-9884-3852; Nouri, Hamideh/0000-0002-7424-5030; Nagler, Pamela/0000-0003-0674-103X FU SA Water Corporation [SW100201]; Goyder Institute for Water Research FX This study was funded by the SA Water Corporation through Research Grant SW100201. The researchers are also grateful to staff at SA Water, particularly to Karen Rouse and Greg Ingleton. We also appreciate the great support of the Adelaide City Council, particularly Kent Williams, Adam Gunn and all the VG horticulturists and gardeners. The researchers also acknowledge the support of the Goyder Institute for Water Research. We also thank the Australian Bureau of Meteorology for providing meteorological data. Finally, we are very grateful for the assistance of technical officers in the School of Natural and Built Environments at the University of South Australia. We also appreciate the advice of Wayne Meyer from the University of Adelaide. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 16 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 6 AR 492 DI 10.3390/rs8060492 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DR6BE UT WOS:000379985300051 ER PT J AU Rosenberry, DO Briggs, MA Delin, G Hare, DK AF Rosenberry, Donald O. Briggs, Martin A. Delin, Geoffrey Hare, Danielle K. TI Combined use of thermal methods and seepage meters to efficiently locate, quantify, and monitor focused groundwater discharge to a sand-bed stream SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE seepage; groundwater discharge; heterogeneity ID TEMPERATURE TIME-SERIES; SURFACE-WATER; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; FLUID-FLOW; FLUXES; RIVER; ZONES; HETEROGENEITY; VARIABILITY; DIFFUSIVITY AB Quantifying flow of groundwater through streambeds often is difficult due to the complexity of aquifer-scale heterogeneity combined with local-scale hyporheic exchange. We used fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (FO-DTS), seepage meters, and vertical temperature profiling to locate, quantify, and monitor areas of focused groundwater discharge in a geomorphically simple sand-bed stream. This combined approach allowed us to rapidly focus efforts at locations where prodigious amounts of groundwater discharged to the Quashnet River on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, northeastern USA. FO-DTS detected numerous anomalously cold reaches one to several m long that persisted over two summers. Seepage meters positioned upstream, within, and downstream of 7 anomalously cold reaches indicated that rapid groundwater discharge occurred precisely where the bed was cold; median upward seepage was nearly 5 times faster than seepage measured in streambed areas not identified as cold. Vertical temperature profilers deployed next to 8 seepage meters provided diurnal-signal-based seepage estimates that compared remarkably well with seepage-meter values. Regression slope and R-2 values both were near 1 for seepage ranging from 0.05 to 3.0 m d(-1). Temperature-based seepage model accuracy was improved with thermal diffusivity determined locally from diurnal signals. Similar calculations provided values for streambed sediment scour and deposition at subdaily resolution. Seepage was strongly heterogeneous even along a sand-bed river that flows over a relatively uniform sand and fine-gravel aquifer. FO-DTS was an efficient method for detecting areas of rapid groundwater discharge, even in a strongly gaining river, that can then be quantified over time with inexpensive streambed thermal methods. C1 [Rosenberry, Donald O.; Delin, Geoffrey] US Geol Survey, DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Briggs, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Storrs, CT USA. [Hare, Danielle K.] AECOM, Rocky Hill, CT USA. RP Rosenberry, DO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rosenber@usgs.gov FU USGS National Research Program; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [DW-14-92381701]; USGS [DW-14-92381701] FX FO-DTS and temperature-profile data are available upon request to Martin Briggs. Seepage-meter data are available upon request to Donald Rosenberry. The authors thank Steve Hurley for providing the impetus to learn more about areas of prodigious groundwater discharge that are important to spawning trout. The authors thank Zachary Johnson, Audrey Sawyer, and Ian Acworth for helpful suggestions that improved the manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the USGS National Research Program, the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through assistance agreement DW-14-92381701 with USGS. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 6 BP 4486 EP 4503 DI 10.1002/2016WR018808 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DR7SO UT WOS:000380100200016 ER PT J AU Durand, M Gleason, CJ Garambois, PA Bjerklie, D Smith, LC Roux, H Rodriguez, E Bates, PD Pavelsky, TM Monnier, J Chen, X Di Baldassarre, G Fiset, JM Flipo, N Frasson, RPDM Fulton, J Goutal, N Hossain, F Humphries, E Minear, JT Mukolwe, MM Neal, JC Ricci, S Sanders, BF Schumann, G Schubert, JE Vilmin, L AF Durand, M. Gleason, C. J. Garambois, P. A. Bjerklie, D. Smith, L. C. Roux, H. Rodriguez, E. Bates, P. D. Pavelsky, T. M. Monnier, J. Chen, X. Di Baldassarre, G. Fiset, J. -M. Flipo, N. Frasson, R. P. D. M. Fulton, J. Goutal, N. Hossain, F. Humphries, E. Minear, J. T. Mukolwe, M. M. Neal, J. C. Ricci, S. Sanders, B. F. Schumann, G. Schubert, J. E. Vilmin, L. TI An intercomparison of remote sensing river discharge estimation algorithms from measurements of river height, width, and slope SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE discharge algorithms; remote sensing of rivers; SWOT ID STATIONS HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; GLOBAL-SCALE; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; WATER-SURFACE; FLOOD WAVE; IMAGERY; OPTIMIZATION; ASSIMILATION; EQUATIONS AB The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission planned for launch in 2020 will map river elevations and inundated area globally for rivers >100 m wide. In advance of this launch, we here evaluated the possibility of estimating discharge in ungauged rivers using synthetic, daily remote sensing measurements derived from hydraulic models corrupted with minimal observational errors. Five discharge algorithms were evaluated, as well as the median of the five, for 19 rivers spanning a range of hydraulic and geomorphic conditions. Reliance upon a priori information, and thus applicability to truly ungauged reaches, varied among algorithms: one algorithm employed only global limits on velocity and depth, while the other algorithms relied on globally available prior estimates of discharge. We found at least one algorithm able to estimate instantaneous discharge to within 35% relative root-mean-squared error (RRMSE) on 14/16 nonbraided rivers despite out-of-bank flows, multichannel planforms, and backwater effects. Moreover, we found RRMSE was often dominated by bias; the median standard deviation of relative residuals across the 16 nonbraided rivers was only 12.5%. SWOT discharge algorithm progress is therefore encouraging, yet future efforts should consider incorporating ancillary data or multialgorithm synergy to improve results. C1 [Durand, M.; Frasson, R. P. D. M.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Durand, M.; Frasson, R. P. D. M.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar & Climate Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Gleason, C. J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Garambois, P. A.] INSA Strasbourg, Dept Civil Engn, Fluid Mech Team, ICUBE, Strasbourg, France. [Bjerklie, D.] USGS, Connecticut Water Sci Ctr, Hartford, CT USA. [Smith, L. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Roux, H.] Univ Toulouse, Inst Mecan Fluides Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France. [Roux, H.] CNRS, IMFT, Toulouse, France. [Rodriguez, E.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bates, P. D.; Neal, J. C.; Schumann, G.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Pavelsky, T. M.; Humphries, E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Monnier, J.] INSA, Inst Math Toulouse, Toulouse, France. [Chen, X.] NOAA NWS Ohio River Forecast Ctr, Wilmington, OH USA. [Di Baldassarre, G.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. [Fiset, J. -M.] Environm Canada, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Flipo, N.; Vilmin, L.] PSL Res Univ, MINES ParisTech, Ctr Geosci, Paris, France. [Fulton, J.] USGS Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO USA. [Goutal, N.] Univ Paris Est, St Venant Lab Hydraul & EDF R&D, Champs Sur Marne, France. [Hossain, F.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Minear, J. T.] USGS Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Mukolwe, M. M.] UNESCO IHE Inst Water Educ, Delft, Netherlands. [Ricci, S.] CERFACS CNRS, CECI, Toulouse, France. [Sanders, B. F.; Schubert, J. E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA USA. [Schumann, G.] Remote Sensing Solut Inc, Monrovia, CA USA. RP Durand, M (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.; Durand, M (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar & Climate Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM durand.8@osu.edu RI Di Baldassarre, Giuliano/C-7304-2009; Bates, Paul/C-8026-2012; Smith, Laurence/E-7785-2012; OI Di Baldassarre, Giuliano/0000-0002-8180-4996; Bates, Paul/0000-0001-9192-9963; Smith, Laurence/0000-0001-6866-5904; Frasson, Renato Prata de Moraes/0000-0003-4299-1730 FU NASA SWOT Science Definition Team [NNX13AD96G, NNX13AD88G]; NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program [NNX13AD05G]; NASA SWOT Algorithm Definition Team; CNES SWOT Science Definition Team FX Funding for this work was provided by NASA SWOT Science Definition Team grants NNX13AD96G and NNX13AD88G, NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program grant NNX13AD05G, NASA SWOT Algorithm Definition Team, and CNES SWOT Science Definition Team grant (TOSCA). The authors thank Alison Macneil of the NOAA/National Weather Service Northeast River Forecast Center for providing the Connecticut River HEC-RAS model, and Albert Kettner for providing WBM discharge estimates. Mike Jasinski and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that helped improve the quality of the manuscript. If interested in gaining access to data or codes utilized in this study, contact Michael Durand (durand.8@osu.edu). NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 6 BP 4527 EP 4549 DI 10.1002/2015WR018434 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DR7SO UT WOS:000380100200018 ER PT J AU Formetta, G Simoni, S Godt, JW Lu, N Rigon, R AF Formetta, Giuseppe Simoni, Silvia Godt, Jonathan W. Lu, Ning Rigon, Riccardo TI Geomorphological control on variably saturated hillslope hydrology and slope instability SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE shallow landslides; failure probability; suction stress ID SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; INFILTRATION; MODEL; WATER; STABILITY; SOILS; SURFACE; GEOTOP; FLOW; SUCTION AB In steep topography, the processes governing variably saturated subsurface hydrologic response and the interparticle stresses leading to shallow landslide initiation are physically linked. However, these processes are usually analyzed separately. Here, we take a combined approach, simultaneously analyzing the influence of topography on both hillslope hydrology and the effective stress fields within the hillslope itself. Clearly, runoff and saturated groundwater flow are dominated by gravity and, ultimately, by topography. Less clear is how landscape morphology influences flows in the vadose zone, where transient fluxes are usually taken to be vertical. We aim to assess and quantify the impact of topography on both saturated and unsaturated hillslope hydrology and its effects on shallow slope stability. Three real hillslope morphologies (concave, convex, and planar) are analyzed using a 3-D, physically based, distributed model coupled with a module for computation of the probability of failure, based on the infinite slope assumption. The results of the analyses, which included parameter uncertainty analysis of the results themselves, show that convex and planar slopes are more stable than concave slopes. Specifically, under the same initial, boundary, and infiltration conditions, the percentage of unstable areas ranges from 1.3% for the planar hillslope, 21% for convex, to a maximum value of 33% for the concave morphology. The results are supported by a sensitivity analysis carried out to examine the effect of initial conditions and rainfall intensity. C1 [Formetta, Giuseppe; Lu, Ning] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Simoni, Silvia] Mt Eering Srl, Bolzano, Italy. [Godt, Jonathan W.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. [Rigon, Riccardo] Univ Trento, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Trento, Italy. RP Formetta, G (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM giuseppe.formetta@unical.it RI Formetta, Giuseppe/A-2905-2015; Rigon, Riccardo/B-5395-2008 OI Formetta, Giuseppe/0000-0002-0252-1462; Rigon, Riccardo/0000-0002-7668-5806 NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 6 BP 4590 EP 4607 DI 10.1002/2015WR017626 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DR7SO UT WOS:000380100200021 ER PT J AU Jarnevich, CS Holcombe, TR Grisham, BA Timmer, J Boal, CW Butler, MJ Pitman, J Kyle, SC Klute, D Beauprez, GM Janus, A Van Pelt, WE AF Jarnevich, Catherine S. Holcombe, Tracy R. Grisham, Blake A. Timmer, Jennifer Boal, Clint W. Butler, Matthew J. Pitman, James Kyle, Sean C. Klute, David Beauprez, Grant M. Janus, Allan Van Pelt, William E. TI Assessing range-wide habitat suitability for the Lesser Prairie-Chicken SO AVIAN CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation planning; energy development; habitat suitability; land cover; Maxent; prairie grouse; species distribution modeling; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; PSEUDO-ABSENCE DATA; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; SOUTHWESTERN KANSAS; NESTING ECOLOGY; WIND ENERGY; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION AB Population declines of many wildlife species have been linked to habitat loss incurred through land-use change. Incorporation of conservation planning into development planning may mitigate these impacts. The threatened Lesser Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) is experiencing loss of native habitat and high levels of energy development across its multijurisdictional range. Our goal was to explore relationships of the species occurrence with landscape characteristics and anthropogenic effects influencing its distribution through evaluation of habitat suitability associated with one particular habitat usage, lekking. Lekking has been relatively well-surveyed, though not consistently, in all jurisdictions. All five states in which Lesser Prairie-Chickens occur cooperated in development of a Maxent habitat suitability model. We created two models, one with state as a factor and one without state. When state was included it was the most important predictor, followed by percent of land cover consisting of known or suspected used vegetation classes within a 5000 m area around a lek. Without state, land cover was the most important predictor of relative habitat suitability for leks. Among the anthropogenic predictors, landscape condition, a measure of human impact integrated across several factors, was most important, ranking third in importance without state. These results quantify the relative suitability of the landscape within the current occupied range of Lesser Prairie-Chickens. These models, combined with other landscape information, form the basis of a habitat assessment tool that can be used to guide siting of development projects and targeting of areas for conservation. C1 [Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Holcombe, Tracy R.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Grisham, Blake A.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Timmer, Jennifer] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Butler, Matthew J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Middletown, RI USA. [Pitman, James; Kyle, Sean C.] Western Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies, Cody, WY USA. [Klute, David] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, North Washington, CO USA. [Beauprez, Grant M.] New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Janus, Allan] Oklahoma Dept Wildlife Conservat, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Van Pelt, William E.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Jarnevich, CS (reprint author), 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jarnevichc@usgs.gov FU Western Governors Association; Kansas Department of Parks and Wildlife FX We would like to thank the Western Governors Association and Kansas Department of Parks and Wildlife for funding this work. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 16 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1712-6568 J9 AVIAN CONSERV ECOL JI Avian Conserv. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 11 IS 1 AR 2 DI 10.5751/ACE-00807-110102 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DR4KD UT WOS:000379869400002 ER PT J AU Miller, RA Paprocki, N Stuber, MJ Moulton, CE Carlisle, JD AF Miller, Robert A. Paprocki, Neil Stuber, Matthew J. Moulton, Colleen E. Carlisle, Jay D. TI Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) surveys in the North American Intermountain West: utilizing citizen scientists to conduct monitoring across a broad geographic scale SO AVIAN CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; habitat; Idaho; land use; occupancy; population trend; road survey ID MULTISCALE OCCUPANCY ESTIMATION; WILDLIFE; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; DENSITY AB The Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) is an open-country species breeding in the northern United States and Canada, and has likely experienced a long-term, range-wide, and substantial decline. However, the cause and magnitude of the decline is not well understood. We set forth to address the first two of six previously proposed conservation priorities to be addressed for this species: (1) better define habitat use and (2) improve population monitoring. We recruited 131 volunteers to survey over 6.2 million ha within the state of Idaho for Short-eared Owls during the 2015 breeding season. We surveyed 75 transects, 71 of which were surveyed twice, and detected Short-eared Owls on 27 transects. We performed multiscale occupancy modeling to identify habitat associations, and performed multiscale abundance modeling to generate a state-wide population estimate. Our results suggest that within the state of Idaho, Short-eared Owls are more often found in areas with marshland or riparian habitat or areas with greater amounts of sagebrush habitat at the 1750 ha transect scale. At the 50 ha point scale, Short-eared Owls tend to associate positively with fallow and bare dirt agricultural land and negatively with grassland. Cropland was not chosen at the broader transect scale suggesting that Short-eared Owls may prefer more heterogeneous landscapes. On the surface our results may seem contradictory to the presumed land use by a "grassland" species; however, the grasslands of the Intermountain West, consisting largely of invasive cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), lack the complex structure shown to be preferred by these owls. We suggest the local adaptation to agriculture represents the next best habitat to their historical native habitat preferences. Regardless, we have confirmed regional differences that should be considered in conservation planning for this species. Last, our results demonstrate the feasibility, efficiency, and effectiveness of utilizing public participation in scientific research to achieve a robust sampling methodology across the broad geography of the Intermountain West. C1 [Miller, Robert A.; Carlisle, Jay D.] Boise State Univ, Intermt Bird Observ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Paprocki, Neil] HawkWatch Int Inc, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Stuber, Matthew J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Moulton, Colleen E.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Boise, ID USA. RP Miller, RA (reprint author), 1910 Univ Dr,Ms1515, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM RobertMiller7@boisestate.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1712-6568 J9 AVIAN CONSERV ECOL JI Avian Conserv. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 11 IS 1 AR 3 DI 10.5751/ACE-00819-110103 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DR4KD UT WOS:000379869400003 ER PT J AU Canessa, S Converse, SJ West, M Clemann, N Gillespie, G McFadden, M Silla, AJ Parris, KM McCarthy, MA AF Canessa, Stefano Converse, Sarah J. West, Matt Clemann, Nick Gillespie, Graeme McFadden, Michael Silla, Aimee J. Parris, Kirsten M. McCarthy, Michael A. TI Planning for ex situ conservation in the face of uncertainty SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE captive breeding; cost-effectiveness; decision tree; expert elicitation; management; multi-attribute value; reintroduction; zoos ID FROG LITORIA-SPENCERI; DECISION-ANALYSIS; REINTRODUCTION; POPULATIONS; AMPHIBIANS; AUSTRALIA; DECLINE; ARK AB Ex situ conservation strategies for threatened species often require long-term commitment and financial investment to achieve management objectives. We present a framework that considers the decision to adopt ex situ management for a target species as the end point of several linked decisions. We used a decision tree to intuitively represent the logical sequence of decision making. The first decision is to identify the specific management actions most likely to achieve the fundamental objectives of the recovery plan, with or without the use of ex-situ populations. Once this decision has been made, one decides whether to establish an ex situ population, accounting for the probability of success in the initial phase of the recovery plan, for example, the probability of successful breeding in captivity. Approaching these decisions in the reverse order (attempting to establish an ex situ population before its purpose is clearly defined) can lead to a poor allocation of resources, because it may restrict the range of available decisions in the second stage. We applied our decision framework to the recovery program for the threatened spotted tree frog (Litoria spenceri) of southeastern Australia. Across a range of possible management actions, only those including ex situ management were expected to provide > 50% probability of the species' persistence, but these actions cost more than use of in situ alternatives only. The expected benefits of ex situ actions were predicted to be offset by additional uncertainty and stochasticity associated with establishing and maintaining ex situ populations. Na " ively implementing ex situ conservation strategies can lead to inefficient management. Our frameworkmay help managers explicitly evaluate objectives, management options, and the probability of success prior to establishing a captive colony of any given species. C1 [Canessa, Stefano; West, Matt; Parris, Kirsten M.; McCarthy, Michael A.] Univ Melbourne, ARC Ctr Excellence Environm Decis, Sch BioSci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Converse, Sarah J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [West, Matt] Zoos Victoria, Wildlife Conservat & Sci, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Clemann, Nick] Arthur Rylah Inst Environm Res, Dept Environm & Primary Ind, Heidelberg, Vic 3084, Australia. [Gillespie, Graeme] NT Dept Land Resource Management, Flora & Fauna Div, Palmerston, NT 0831, Australia. [McFadden, Michael] Taronga Conservat Soc Australia, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia. [Silla, Aimee J.] Univ Wollongong, Inst Conservat Biol & Environm Management, Sch Biol Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. RP Canessa, S (reprint author), Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, Regents Pk, London, England. EM science@canessas.com RI Parris, Kirsten/K-7684-2012; OI Parris, Kirsten/0000-0003-2550-585X; Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441; Silla, Aimee/0000-0002-2277-9030 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 34 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 30 IS 3 BP 599 EP 609 DI 10.1111/cobi.12613 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR5LX UT WOS:000379945600017 PM 26306549 ER PT J AU Crimmins, SM Walleser, LR Hertel, DR McKann, PC Rohweder, JJ Thogmartin, WE AF Crimmins, Shawn M. Walleser, Liza R. Hertel, Dan R. McKann, Patrick C. Rohweder, Jason J. Thogmartin, Wayne E. TI Relating mesocarnivore relative abundance to anthropogenic land-use with a hierarchical spatial count model SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; DUCK NEST SUCCESS; MESOPREDATOR RELEASE HYPOTHESIS; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; RED FOXES; MAMMALIAN PREDATORS; NORTH-DAKOTA; COYOTES; LANDSCAPE AB There is growing need to develop models of spatial patterns in animal abundance, yet comparatively few examples of such models exist. This is especially true in situations where the abundance of one species may inhibit that of another, such as the intensively-farmed landscape of the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the central United States, where waterfowl production is largely constrained by mesocarnivore nest predation. We used a hierarchical Bayesian approach to relate the distribution of various land-cover types to the relative abundances of four mesocarnivores in the PPR: coyote Canis latrans, raccoon Procyon lotor, red fox Vulpes vulpes, and striped skunk Mephitis mephitis. We developed models for each species at multiple spatial resolutions (41.4 km(2), 10.4 km(2), and 2.6 km(2)) to address different ecological and management-related questions. Model results for each species were similar irrespective of resolution. We found that the amount of row-crop agriculture was nearly ubiquitous in our best models, exhibiting a positive relationship with relative abundance for each species. The amount of native grassland land-cover was positively associated with coyote and raccoon relative abundance, but generally absent from models for red fox and skunk. Red fox and skunk were positively associated with each other, suggesting potential niche overlap. We found no evidence that coyote abundance limited that of other mesocarnivore species, as might be expected under a hypothesis of mesopredator release. The relationships between relative abundance and land-cover types were similar across spatial resolutions. Our results indicated that mesocarnivores in the PPR are most likely to occur in portions of the landscape with large amounts of agricultural land-cover. Further, our results indicated that track-survey data can be used in a hierarchical framework to gain inferences regarding spatial patterns in animal relative abundance. C1 [Crimmins, Shawn M.; Walleser, Liza R.; McKann, Patrick C.; Rohweder, Jason J.; Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Hertel, Dan R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, 18965 Cty Highway 82, Fergus Falls, MN 56537 USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD JUN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 6 BP 524 EP 532 DI 10.1111/ecog.01179 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR4WK UT WOS:000379903600003 ER PT J AU Smith, CT Adams, B Bartron, M Burnham-Curtis, MK Monroe, E Olsen, JB Wilson, WD Williams, A Millard, MJ Webb, MAH Wenburg, JK AF Smith, Christian T. Adams, Brice Bartron, Meredith Burnham-Curtis, Mary K. Monroe, Emy Olsen, Jeffrey B. Wilson, Wade D. Williams, Ashantye' Millard, Michael J. Webb, Molly A. H. Wenburg, John K. TI Comment on Haig et al. (2016): the conservation genetics juggling act: integrating genetics and ecology, science and policy SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE applied research; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Endangered Species Act C1 [Smith, Christian T.; Adams, Brice] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Bartron, Meredith; Millard, Michael J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA USA. [Burnham-Curtis, Mary K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Clark R Bavin Natl Fish & Wildlife Forens Lab, Ashland, OR USA. [Monroe, Emy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Whitney Genet Lab, Onalaska, WI USA. [Olsen, Jeffrey B.; Wenburg, John K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK USA. [Wilson, Wade D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Southwestern Native Aquat Resources & Recovery Ct, Dexter, NM USA. [Williams, Ashantye'] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA USA. [Webb, Molly A. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Smith, CT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM christian_smith@fws.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 9 IS 5 BP 635 EP 637 DI 10.1111/eva.12374 PG 3 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA DR5GK UT WOS:000379931300002 ER PT J AU Haig, SM AF Haig, Susan M. TI Comment on Haig et al. (2016): the conservation genetics juggling act: integrating genetics and ecology, science and policy Response SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material DE conservation genetics; endangered species; endangered species act; wildlife management C1 [Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Haig, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM susan_haig@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 9 IS 5 BP 638 EP 639 DI 10.1111/eva.12381 PG 2 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA DR5GK UT WOS:000379931300003 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Holm, GO Perez, BC McWhorter, DE Cormier, N Moss, RF Johnson, DJ Neubauer, SC Raynie, RC AF Krauss, Ken W. Holm, Guerry O., Jr. Perez, Brian C. McWhorter, David E. Cormier, Nicole Moss, Rebecca F. Johnson, Darren J. Neubauer, Scott C. Raynie, Richard C. TI Component greenhouse gas fluxes and radiative balance from two deltaic marshes in Louisiana: Pairing chamber techniques and eddy covariance SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE carbon fluxes; wetlands; soil fluxes; net ecosystem exchange ID GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS; NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; METHANE EMISSIONS; SOIL RESPIRATION; SALT-MARSH; WATER-VAPOR; HYDROLOGICAL CONDITIONS; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; SALINITY GRADIENT AB Coastal marshes take up atmospheric CO2 while emitting CO2, CH4, and N2O. This ability to sequester carbon (C) is much greater for wetlands on a per area basis than from most ecosystems, facilitating scientific, political, and economic interest in their value as greenhouse gas sinks. However, the greenhouse gas balance of Gulf of Mexico wetlands is particularly understudied. We describe the net ecosystem exchange (NEEc) of CO2 and CH4 using eddy covariance (EC) in comparison with fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O using chambers from brackish and freshwater marshes in Louisiana, USA. From EC, we found that 182gCm(-2)yr(-1) was lost through NEEc from the brackish marsh. Of this, 11g Cm(-2)yr(-1) resulted from net CH4 emissions and the remaining 171gCm(-2)yr(-1) resulted from net CO2 emissions. In contrast, -290gCm(2)yr(-1) was taken up through NEEc by the freshwater marsh, with 47gCm(-2)yr(-1) emitted as CH4 and -337gCm(-2)yr(-1) taken up as CO2. From chambers, we discovered that neither site had large fluxes of N2O. Sustained-flux greenhouse gas accounting metrics indicated that both marshes had a positive (warming) radiative balance, with the brackish marsh having a substantially greater warming effect than the freshwater marsh. That net respiratory emissions of CO2 and CH4 as estimated through chamber techniques were 2-4 times different from emissions estimated through EC requires additional understanding of the artifacts created by different spatial and temporal sampling footprints between techniques. C1 [Krauss, Ken W.; Cormier, Nicole] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. [Holm, Guerry O., Jr.; Perez, Brian C.; McWhorter, David E.] CH2M, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Moss, Rebecca F.; Johnson, Darren J.] USGS Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Cherokee Nation Technol, Lafayette, LA USA. [Neubauer, Scott C.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Raynie, Richard C.] Louisiana Coastal Protect & Restorat Author, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. EM kraussk@usgs.gov FU Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority; USGS Climate and Land Use Change RD Program; USGS LandCarbon Program FX Data from this study are available from Ken W. Krauss (USGS, chambers: kkrauss@usgs.gov) and Richard C. Raynie (CPRA, eddy covariance: Richard. Raynie@la.gov) upon request. Funding for this research was provided by Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority, USGS Climate and Land Use Change R&D Program, and USGS LandCarbon Program. We thank the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries for allowing access to study sites, as well as Apache Louisiana Minerals (through agreement with CH2M) for allowing us to install studies on their lands immediately adjacent to Pointe-aux-Chenes WMA. We thank Brian Bergamaschi, Ankur Desai, and three anonymous referees for providing excellent reviews of previous manuscript drafts, as well as Brady Couvillion for extracting Louisiana-specific marsh area estimates from Enwright et al. [2015]. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 6 BP 1503 EP 1521 DI 10.1002/2015JG003224 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DR5TJ UT WOS:000379965000008 ER PT J AU Reynolds, RJ Powers, KE Orndorff, W Ford, WM Hobson, CS AF Reynolds, Richard J. Powers, Karen E. Orndorff, Wil Ford, W. Mark Hobson, Christopher S. TI Changes in Rates of Capture and Demographics of Myotis septentrionalis (Northern Long-eared Bat) in Western Virginia before and after Onset of White-nose Syndrome SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID TRENDS AB Documenting the impacts of white-nose syndrome (WNS) on demographic patterns, such as annual survivorship and recruitment, is important to understanding the extirpation or possible stabilization and recovery of species over time. To document demographic impacts of WNS on Myotis septentrionalis (Northern Long-eared Bat), we mistnetted at sites in western Virginia where Northern Long-eared Bats were captured in summer before (1990-2009) and after (2011-2013) the onset of WNS. Our mean capture rates per hour, adjusted for area of net and sampling duration, declined significantly from 0.102 bats/m(2)/h before WNS to 0.005 bats/m(2)/h (-95.1%) by 2013. We noted a time lag in the rate of decline between published data based on bats captured during the swarming season and our summer mist-netting captures from the same geographic area. Although proportions of pregnant or lactating females did not vary statistically in samples obtained before and after the onset of WNS, the proportion of juvenile bats declined significantly (-76.7%), indicating that the viability of Northern Long-eared Bats in western Virginia is tenuous. C1 [Reynolds, Richard J.] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Verona, VA 24482 USA. [Powers, Karen E.] Radford Univ, Biol Dept, Radford, VA 24142 USA. [Orndorff, Wil] Virginia Dept Conservat & Recreat, Nat Heritage Program, Christiansburg, VA 24073 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hobson, Christopher S.] Virginia Dept Conservat & Recreat, Nat Heritage Program, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. RP Reynolds, RJ (reprint author), Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Verona, VA 24482 USA. EM rick.reynolds@dgif.virginia.gov FU White-nose Syndrome Program Grant by Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; Wildlife Restoration Program Grant from the US Fish and Wildlife Service FX This study was funded by a White-nose Syndrome Program Grant provided by the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and a Wildlife Restoration Program Grant from the US Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank numerous volunteers for assistance in the field: T. (Canniff) Adler, B. Balfour, J. Beeler, J. Bentley, M. Blanchard, L. Boggs, J. Bower, N. Brewer, L. Coleman, A. Futrell, J. Hallacher, J. Huth, B. Hyzy, J. Kiser, E. Koertge, D. Landgren, B. Meyer, N. Miller, Z. Orndorff, D. Rabago, A. Settles, B. Shroll, R. Stewart, S. Thomas, K. Townsend, I. Walker, P. Weldon, and J. Wills. We are grateful to personnel of the George Washington and Jefferson National Forest and multiple private landowners for allowing access to sites. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 29 U2 34 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD JUN PY 2016 VL 23 IS 2 BP 195 EP 204 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR7IZ UT WOS:000380074500001 ER PT J AU Diefenbach, DR Rathbun, SL Vreeland, JK Grove, D Kanapaux, WJ AF Diefenbach, Duane R. Rathbun, Stephen L. Vreeland, Justin K. Grove, Deborah Kanapaux, William J. TI Evidence for Range Contraction of Snowshoe Hare in Pennsylvania SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LEPUS-AMERICANUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CAMOUFLAGE MISMATCH; HABITAT; ERROR; FORESTS; TRENDS; COLOR; LAKE AB In Pennsylvania, Lepus americanus (Snowshoe Hare) is near the southern limits of its range and at risk of range contraction because of loss of early-successional forest and impacts of climate change. We used hunter-harvest data to investigate changes in the distribution of Snowshoe Hare in Pennsylvania (1983-2011), forest inventory and land-use data to assess changes in amount and distribution of early-successional forest (1988-2011), and occupancy modeling (2004) to identify habitat and climate variables that explain the current distribution of Snowshoe Hare. We determined presence of Snowshoe Hare based on visual sightings, observations of tracks, and DNA analysis of fecal pellets, and used repeated visits to sampling sites and occupancy models to estimate occupancy rates (Psi). Hunter-harvest data indicated the range of Snowshoe Hare in Pennsylvania contracted towards northwestern and northeastern portions of the state. Based on occupancy modeling, Snowshoe Hare were most likely to occupy early-successional and mixed deciduous-coniferous forest types and areas with colder winter temperatures, which coincided with the distribution of hunter harvests. Among the 4 forest types, we estimated Psi = 0.52-0.79 and Psi = 0.10-0.32 where winter temperatures were coldest and warmest, respectively. Total forest loss was <1% during 1988-2011, and the loss of early-successional forest in the current and former range of Snowshoe Hares was similar as were mean patch size and a fragmentation metric of early-successional habitat. Thus, changes in forest characteristics did not explain the range contraction we observed. We used climate-model predictions and our occupancy model to predict that average occupancy probability across northern Pennsylvania may decline from 0.27 in 2004 to 0.10-0.18 by 2050-2059, depending on the climate model. The range of Snowshoe Hare in Pennsylvania has contracted to regions of Pennsylvania with the coldest winter temperatures and most persistent snowpack, and based on projected climate change, our results suggest further range contraction of Snowshoe Hare in Pennsylvania. C1 [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rathbun, Stephen L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rathbun, Stephen L.] Univ Georgia, Hlth Sci Campus,BS Miller Hall, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Vreeland, Justin K.; Kanapaux, William J.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Vreeland, Justin K.] Penn Game Commiss, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. [Grove, Deborah] Penn State Univ, Huck Inst Life Sci, Genom Core Facil, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Diefenbach, DR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ddiefenbach@psu.edu NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 8 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD JUN PY 2016 VL 23 IS 2 BP 229 EP 248 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR7IZ UT WOS:000380074500005 ER PT J AU Lowe, TP Tebbs, K Sparling, DW AF Lowe, T. Peter Tebbs, Kerry Sparling, Donald W. TI A Comparison of Three Macroinvertebrate Sampling Devices for Use in Conducting Rapid-Assessment Procedures of Delmarva Peninsula Wetlands SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ACTIVITY TRAPS; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; PONDS; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; SAMPLERS; IMPACTS; INDEX AB Three types of macroinvertebrate collecting devices, Gerking box traps, D-shaped sweep nets, and activity traps, have commonly been used to sample macroinvertebrates when conducting rapid biological assessments of North American wetlands. We compared collections of macroinvertebrates identified to the family level made with these devices in 6 constructed and 2 natural wetlands on the Delmarva Peninsula of Maryland. We also assessed their potential efficacy in comparisons among wetlands using several proportional and richness attributes. Differences in median diversity among samples from the 3 devices were significant; the sweep-net samples had the greatest diversity and the activity-trap samples had the least diversity. Differences in median abundance were not significant between the Gerking box-trap samples and sweep-net samples, but median abundance among activity-trap samples was significantly lower than among samples of the other 2 devices. Within samples, the proportions of median diversity composed of major class and order groupings were similar among the 3 devices. However the proportions of median abundance composed of the major class and order groupings within activity-trap samples were not similar to those of the other 2 devices. There was a slight but significant increase in the total number of families captured when we combined activity-trap samples with Gerking box-trap samples or with sweep-net samples, and the per-sample median numbers of families of the combined activity-trap and sweep-net samples was significantly higher than that of the combined activity-trap and Gerking box-trap samples. We detected significant differences among wetlands for 4 macroinvertebrate attributes with the Gerking box-trap data, 6 attributes with sweep-net data, and 5 attributes with the activity-trap data. A small, but significant increase in the number of attributes showing differences among wetlands occurred when we combined activity-trap samples with those of the Gerking box-trap or sweep net. C1 [Lowe, T. Peter; Tebbs, Kerry; Sparling, Donald W.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sparling, Donald W.] Southern Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Ctr, MS 6504,Life Sci 2, Carbondale, IL 62290 USA. RP Lowe, TP (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM plowe@usgs.gov FU USEPA [DWI14937887-01-1] FX This study was supported by the USEPA under account number DWI14937887-01-1. Assistance with collecting and processing samples was provided by seasonal employees hired through a cooperative agreement between PWRC and the University of Maryland. Comments by 2 anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD JUN PY 2016 VL 23 IS 2 BP 321 EP 338 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DR7IZ UT WOS:000380074500010 ER PT J AU Hauer, FR Locke, H Dreitz, VJ Hebblewhite, M Lowe, WH Muhlfeld, CC Nelson, CR Proctor, MF Rood, SB AF Hauer, F. Richard Locke, Harvey Dreitz, Victoria J. Hebblewhite, Mark Lowe, Winsor H. Muhlfeld, Clint C. Nelson, Cara R. Proctor, Michael F. Rood, Stewart B. TI Gravel-bed river floodplains are the ecological nexus of glaciated mountain landscapes SO SCIENCE ADVANCES LA English DT Review ID TROUT SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; SURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BULL TROUT; ECOSYSTEM PERSPECTIVE; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS; HYPORHEIC HABITAT; TROPHIC CASCADE; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS AB Gravel-bed river floodplains in mountain landscapes disproportionately concentrate diverse habitats, nutrient cycling, productivity of biota, and species interactions. Although stream ecologists know that river channel and floodplain habitats used by aquatic organisms are maintained by hydrologic regimes that mobilize gravel-bed sediments, terrestrial ecologists have largely been unaware of the importance of floodplain structures and processes to the life requirements of a wide variety of species. We provide insight into gravel-bed rivers as the ecological nexus of glaciated mountain landscapes. We show why gravel-bed river floodplains are the primary arena where interactions take place among aquatic, avian, and terrestrial species from microbes to grizzly bears and provide essential connectivity as corridors for movement for both aquatic and terrestrial species. Paradoxically, gravel-bed river floodplains are also disproportionately unprotected where human developments are concentrated. Structural modifications to floodplains such as roads, railways, and housing and hydrologic-altering hydroelectric or water storage dams have severe impacts to floodplain habitat diversity and productivity, restrict local and regional connectivity, and reduce the resilience of both aquatic and terrestrial species, including adaptation to climate change. To be effective, conservation efforts in glaciated mountain landscapes intended to benefit the widest variety of organisms need a paradigm shift that has gravel-bed rivers and their floodplains as the central focus and that prioritizes the maintenance or restoration of the intact structure and processes of these critically important systems throughout their length and breadth. C1 [Hauer, F. Richard] Univ Montana, Ctr Integrated Res Environm, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hauer, F. Richard; Muhlfeld, Clint C.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Locke, Harvey] Yellowstone Yukon Conservat Initiat, Box 4887, Banff, AB T1L 1G1, Canada. [Dreitz, Victoria J.; Hebblewhite, Mark] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hebblewhite, Mark; Lowe, Winsor H.; Nelson, Cara R.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Lowe, Winsor H.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Proctor, Michael F.] Birchdale Ecol, POB 606, Kaslo, BC V0G 1M0, Canada. [Rood, Stewart B.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 6T5, Canada. RP Hauer, FR (reprint author), Univ Montana, Ctr Integrated Res Environm, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.; Hauer, FR (reprint author), Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. EM ric.hauer@umontana.edu NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 2375-2548 J9 SCI ADV JI Sci. Adv. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 2 IS 6 AR UNSP e1600026 DI 10.1126/sciadv.1600026 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DR7IS UT WOS:000380073800017 PM 27386570 ER PT J AU Saalfeld, DT Saalfeld, ST Conway, WC Hartke, KM AF Saalfeld, David T. Saalfeld, Sarah T. Conway, Warren C. Hartke, Kevin M. TI WINTERING GRASSLAND BIRD RESPONSES TO VEGETATION STRUCTURE, EXOTIC INVASIVE PLANT COMPOSITION, AND DISTURBANCE REGIME IN COASTAL PRAIRIES OF TEXAS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE density; exotic invasive plants; grassland birds; grazing; multiple covariate distance sampling; prescribed fire; upper Texas coast ID PRESCRIBED FIRE; GREAT-PLAINS; CONSERVATION; ABUNDANCE; HABITAT; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT; GRASSES; HETEROGENEITY; PATTERNS AB Many migratory grassland passerines complete their annual life cycle within the United States and investigations into wintering ecology of these species are scarce, particularly in ecoregions where habitat quality is considered to be compromised, such as the coastal prairie of Texas. During 2008-2010, we investigated wintering grassland bird ecology as related to coastal prairie composition and management practices on the mid-upper Texas coast. To quantify grassland bird composition and density among management regimes, we performed 260 transect surveys on 40 different study site pastures deployed among 7 different management regimes, varying in plant community composition as well as frequency (or occurrence) of burning, grazing, and mowing from 29 October 2008-7 April 2009 and 17 November 2009-17 March 2010. A total of 79 bird species (48 species in 2008-2009 and 66 species in 2009-2010) were recorded during this study. Sites that were recently (<2 years prior) grazed, burned, or mowed tended to have the greatest species richness of obligate grassland bird species. Management regime and the resulting habitat characteristics also appeared to influence densities of Le Conte's Sparrow (Ammodramus leconteii), Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis), and Sprague's Pipit (Anthus spragueii), with the former two species selecting areas that had not been recently burned, grazed, or mowed and were characterized by greater vertical vegetation density and litter depth, respectively. Conversely, Sprague's Pipit selected recently burned, grazed, or mowed prairies, characterized by less litter depth and percentage of shrubs nearby. More cosmopolitan species, such as Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) and Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) occurred equally among management regimes. Despite similar species richness in floristically disturbed sites, nonnative vegetation appeared to negatively influence species with specific habitat requirements such as Sprague's Pipit, Sedge Wren, and Le Conte's Sparrow. In order to increase wintering avian diversity, coastal prairie habitat conservation and management in Texas should focus on restoring management regimes (i.e., burning, mowing, and grazing) that create heterogeneous environments, while maintaining native vegetation communities. C1 [Saalfeld, David T.; Saalfeld, Sarah T.; Conway, Warren C.] Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, POB 6109 SFA Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. [Hartke, Kevin M.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, 915 Front St, Richmond, TX 77469 USA. [Saalfeld, David T.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Saalfeld, Sarah T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management Div, 1011 East Tudor Rd,MS 201, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Conway, Warren C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Hartke, Kevin M.] Ducks Unltd Inc, 915 Front St, Richmond, TX 77469 USA. RP Saalfeld, DT (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, POB 6109 SFA Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA.; Saalfeld, DT (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM dsaalfeld@gmail.com FU Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture at Stephen F. Austin State University; Nature Conservancy of Texas; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Rumsey Research and Development Fund; Horned Lizard License Plate Grant FX Financial, logistical, and technical support was provided in part by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and the Horned Lizard License Plate Grant, the Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture at Stephen F. Austin State University, The Nature Conservancy of Texas, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, The Rumsey Research and Development Fund, and many private landowners. We specifically thank C. Frey for initial work on this project. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 17 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 128 IS 2 BP 290 EP 305 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DQ8GN UT WOS:000379447200006 ER PT J AU Foster, JR Finley, AO D'Amato, AW Bradford, JB Banerjee, S AF Foster, Jane R. Finley, Andrew O. D'Amato, Anthony W. Bradford, John B. Banerjee, Sudipto TI Predicting tree biomass growth in the temperate-boreal ecotone: Is tree size, age, competition, or climate response most important? SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE annual climate variation; Bayesian models; carbon sequestration; dendroecology; drought; evapotranspiration; forest biomass; spatial autocorrelation; temperature; tree growth response ID WESTERN CANADA; UNITED-STATES; CARBON; ABUNDANCE; FORESTS; INDEXES; SPRUCE AB As global temperatures rise, variation in annual climate is also changing, with unknown consequences for forest biomes. Growing forests have the ability to capture atmospheric CO2 and thereby slow rising CO2 concentrations. Forests' ongoing ability to sequester C depends on how tree communities respond to changes in climate variation. Much of what we know about tree and forest response to climate variation comes from tree-ring records. Yet typical tree-ring datasets and models do not capture the diversity of climate responses that exist within and among trees and species. We address this issue using a model that estimates individual tree response to climate variables while accounting for variation in individuals' size, age, competitive status, and spatially structured latent covariates. Our model allows for inference about variance within and among species. We quantify how variables influence above-ground biomass growth of individual trees from a representative sample of 15 northern or southern tree species growing in a transition zone between boreal and temperate biomes. Individual trees varied in their growth response to fluctuating mean annual temperature and summer moisture stress. The variation among individuals within a species was wider than mean differences among species. The effects of mean temperature and summer moisture stress interacted, such that warm years produced positive responses to summer moisture availability and cool years produced negative responses. As climate models project significant increases in annual temperatures, growth of species like Acer saccharum, Quercus rubra, and Picea glauca will vary more in response to summer moisture stress than in the past. The magnitude of biomass growth variation in response to annual climate was 92-95% smaller than responses to tree size and age. This means that measuring or predicting the physical structure of current and future forests could tell us more about future C dynamics than growth responses related to climate change alone. C1 [Foster, Jane R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 115 Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Finley, Andrew O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry & Geog, 126 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Aiken Ctr 204E, 81 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Bradford, John B.] No Arizona Univ, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Bldg 20,POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Banerjee, Sudipto] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Room 5-254B CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Foster, JR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 115 Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jrfoster@umn.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU Department of Interior Northeast Climate Science Center; American Revenue Recovery Act; USGS Climate and Land use and Ecosystems Mission Areas; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMS-1513481, EF-1137309, EF-1241874, EF-1253225]; NASA; NSF [DMS-1513654] FX We thank Bruce Anderson and others at the Superior National Forest. Nick Jensen, Mike Reinikainen, Kyle Gill, Shawn Fraver, John Segari, Amy Milo, and others helped collect, cross-date, and measure tree-ring data. We thank Jim Clark for the use of R code for posterior figures. Funding for this research was provided by the Department of Interior Northeast Climate Science Center, by the American Revenue Recovery Act, and by the USGS Climate and Land use and Ecosystems Mission Areas. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. Andrew Finley was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) DMS-1513481, EF-1137309, EF-1241874, and EF-1253225, as well as NASA Carbon Monitoring System grants. Sudipto Banerjee was supported by NSF DMS-1513654. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 26 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 22 IS 6 BP 2138 EP 2151 DI 10.1111/gcb.13208 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP8BA UT WOS:000378721700012 PM 26717889 ER PT J AU Lisle, JT AF Lisle, J. T. TI Natural inactivation of Escherichia coli in anaerobic and reduced groundwater SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cell injury; disinfection; Escherichia coli (all potential pathogenic types); stress response; water ID MANAGED AQUIFER RECHARGE; INDICATOR BACTERIA; SURVIVAL; WATER; ENUMERATION; RECOVERY; STORAGE; CARBON; FIELD; STORMWATER AB Aims: Inactivation rates of Escherichia coli in groundwater have most often been determined in aerobic and oxidized systems. This study examined E. coli inactivation rates in anaerobic and extremely reduced groundwater systems that have been identified as recharge zones. Methods and Results: Groundwater from six artesian wells was diverted to above-ground, flow-through mesocosms that contained laboratory grown E. coli in diffusion chambers. All groundwater was anaerobic and extremely reduced (ORP < -300 mV). Cells were plated onto mTEC agar during 21-day incubation periods. All data fit a bi-phasic inactivation model, with >95% of the E. coli population being inactivated < 11.0 h (mean k = 0.488 +/- 0.188 h(-1)). Conclusions: The groundwater geochemical conditions enhanced the inactivation of E. coli to rates approx. 21-fold greater than previously published inactivation rate in groundwater (mean k = 0.023 +/- 0.030 h(-1)). Also, mTEC agar inhibits E. coli growth following exposure to anaerobic and reduced groundwater. Significance and Impact of the Study: Aquifer recharge zones with geochemical characteristics observed in this study complement above-ground engineered processes (e.g. filtration, disinfection), while increasing the overall indicator micro-organism log-reduction rate of a facility. C1 [Lisle, J. T.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 Fourth St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Lisle, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 Fourth St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jlisle@usgs.gov FU South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD); U.S. Geological Survey's Water Resources Cooperative Water Program FX The author acknowledges South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) and U.S. Geological Survey's Water Resources Cooperative Water Program for funding support; Montana State University and Dr. Gordon McFeters for permission to modify their diffusion chamber design; Dr. June Mirecki (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) and Robert Verrastro (SFWMD) for constructive conversations and editorial comments. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 EI 1365-2672 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 120 IS 6 BP 1739 EP 1750 DI 10.1111/jam.13126 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA DQ9MU UT WOS:000379534800026 PM 26972559 ER PT J AU Sasmal, I Klaver, RW Jenks, JA Schroeder, GM AF Sasmal, Indrani Klaver, Robert W. Jenks, Jonathan A. Schroeder, Greg M. TI Age-specific Survival of Reintroduced Swift Fox in Badlands National Park and Surrounding Lands SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE apparent survival; capture-recapture; Cormack-Jolly-Seber; Program Mark; swift fox; Vulpes velox ID VULPES-VELOX; MARKED ANIMALS; DISPERSAL; POPULATIONS; ECOLOGY; HABITAT; PRAIRIE; CANADA; SEASON; RATES AB In 2003, a reintroduction program was initiated at Badlands National Park (BNP), South Dakota, USA, with swift foxes (Vulpes velox) translocated from Colorado and Wyoming, USA, as part of a restoration effort to recover declining swift fox populations throughout its historical range. Estimates of age-specific survival are necessary to evaluate the potential for population growth of reintroduced populations. We used 7 years (2003-2009) of capture-recapture data of 243 pups, 29 yearlings, and 69 adult swift foxes at BNP and the surrounding area to construct Cormack-Jolly-Seber model estimates of apparent survival within a capture-mark-recapture framework using Program MARK. The best model for estimating recapture probabilities included no differences among age classes, greater recapture probabilities during early years of the monitoring effort than later years, and variation among spring, winter, and summer. Our top ranked survival model indicated pup survival differed from that of yearlings and adults and varied by month and year. The apparent annual survival probability of pups (0.47, SE = 0.10) in our study area was greater than the apparent annual survival probability of yearlings and adults (0.27, SE = 0.08). Our results indicate low survival probabilities for a reintroduced population of swift foxes in the BNP and surrounding areas. Management of reintroduced populations and future reintroductions of swift foxes should consider the effects of relative low annual survival on population demography. (C) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Sasmal, Indrani; Jenks, Jonathan A.] South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Schroeder, Greg M.] Wind Cave Natl Pk,26611 US Highway 385, Hot Springs, SD 57747 USA. [Sasmal, Indrani] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sasmal, I (reprint author), South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.; Sasmal, I (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bulirchithi@gmail.com RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009 FU National Park Service; State Wildlife Grant through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [T-25-R, Am 2]; Natural Resource Management Department at South Dakota State University FX Our study was funded by the National Park Service and administered through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Additional funding was provided through State Wildlife Grant T-25-R, Am 2, administered through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We appreciate the support provided by the Natural Resource Management Department (formerly the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences) at South Dakota State University; and the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks for providing administrative support for the project. We appreciate the help of A. Martin-Schwarze, Agriculture Experiment Station Consulting Group, Iowa State University, for assistance with the delta method for calculating annual survival. We also appreciate G. White for his help with Program Mark. We thank T. W. Grovenberg and J. Delger for helpful comments on an earlier draft of our manuscript. We appreciate the associate editor J. Herkert and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 40 IS 2 BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.1002/wsb.641 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DR0ML UT WOS:000379601500003 ER PT J AU Piaggio, AJ Cariappa, CA Straughan, DJ Neubaum, MA Dwire, M Krausman, PR Ballard, WB Bergman, DL Breck, SW AF Piaggio, Antoinette J. Cariappa, Chip A. Straughan, Dyan J. Neubaum, Melissa A. Dwire, Margaret Krausman, Paul R. Ballard, Warren B. Bergman, David L. Breck, Stewart W. TI A Noninvasive Method to Detect Mexican Wolves and Estimate Abundance SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE alleles; Arizona; Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area; Canis lupus baileyi; fecal noninvasive DNA; mark-recapture; Mexican wolf; microsatellites ID INCORPORATING GENOTYPING ERROR; ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; GRAY WOLF; CANIS-LUPUS; RENDEZVOUS SITES; CAPTURE; SAMPLES; MARK; PCR; PROBABILITY AB Monitoring wolf abundance is important for recovery efforts of Mexican wolves (Canis lupus baileyi) in the Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area in Arizona and New Mexico, USA. Although radiotelemetry has been a reliable method, collaring and tracking wolves in an expanding population will be prohibitively expensive and alternative methods to estimate abundance will become necessary. We applied 10 canid microsatellite loci to 235 Mexican wolf samples, 48 coyote (C. latrans) samples, and 14 domestic dog (C. lupus familiaris) samples to identify alleles that provide reliable separation of these species. We then evaluated an approach for prescreening, noninvasively collected DNA obtained from fecal samples to identify Mexican wolves. We generated complete genotypes for only those samples identified as probable Mexican wolves. We used these genotypes to estimate mark-recapture population estimates of Mexican wolves and compared these to known numbers of wolves in the study area. We collected fecal samples during 3 sampling periods in 2007-2008 and used Huggins-type mark-recapture models to estimate Mexican wolf abundance. We were able to generate abundance estimates with 95% confidence for 2 of 3 sampling periods. We estimated abundance to be 10 (95% CI = 6-34) during one sampling period when the known abundance was 10 and we estimated abundance to be 9 (95% CI = 6-30) during the other sampling period when the known abundance was 10. The application of this noninvasive method to estimate Mexican wolf abundance provides an alternative monitoring tool that could be useful for long-term monitoring of this and other recovering populations. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Piaggio, Antoinette J.; Neubaum, Melissa A.; Breck, Stewart W.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Cariappa, Chip A.; Ballard, Warren B.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Straughan, Dyan J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Forens Lab, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Dwire, Margaret] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. [Krausman, Paul R.] Univ Montana, Boone & Crockett Program Wildlife Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Bergman, David L.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. [Piaggio, Antoinette J.] 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Piaggio, AJ (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.; Piaggio, AJ (reprint author), 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM toni.j.piaggio@aphis.usda.gov OI Bergman, David/0000-0002-6757-643X FU Arizona Game and Fish Department; New Mexico Department of Game and Fish; U.S. Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/Wildlife Services; California Wolf Center; Dr. Donald and Sammie Bricker Foundation; Texas Tech University FX We are grateful to J. Oakleaf, S. Fain, and the late J. Morgart of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for their cooperation, their ideas, and for the use of facilities and data made available to us. We are also grateful to C. Carillo of U.S. Department of Agriculture/Wildlife Services for his expert logistical support. He made sure that no task was delayed or went unfinished because we lacked a piece of equipment or personnel. We thank J. Fischer for assisting with Geographic Information System and developing Figure 1 of the study area. Private citizens (too numerous to mention individually) volunteered hundreds of hours of their free time to help with this project. We thank them for their contributions. This project was funded by the Arizona Game and Fish Department, New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/Wildlife Services, California Wolf Center, Dr. Donald and Sammie Bricker Foundation, and Texas Tech University. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank the anonymous reviewers and associate editors that contributed to refining this article. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 40 IS 2 BP 321 EP 330 DI 10.1002/wsb.659 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DR0ML UT WOS:000379601500016 ER PT J AU Fischer, JW Blass, CR Walter, WD Anderson, CW Lavelle, MJ Hall, WH VerCauteren, KC AF Fischer, Justin W. Blass, Chad R. Walter, W. David Anderson, Charles W. Lavelle, Michael J. Hall, Wayne H. VerCauteren, Kurt C. TI Evaluating a Strategy to Deliver Vaccine to White-tailed Deer at a Landscape Level SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE bait; bovine tuberculosis; bTB; disease transmission; motion-activated cameras; nontarget species; Odocoileus virginianus; vaccine delivery; white-tailed deer ID MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; FERAL SWINE; BAIT SITES; WISCONSIN; MOVEMENTS; PHARMACEUTICALS; MICHIGAN; RACCOONS AB Effective delivery of vaccines and other pharmaceuticals to wildlife populations is needed when zoonotic diseases pose a risk to public health and natural resources or have considerable economic consequences. The objective of our study was to develop a bait-distribution strategy for potential delivery of oral bovine tuberculosis (bTB) vaccine to white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) where deer are reservoirs for the disease. During 17 February and 2 March 2011, we created a grid of experimental bait stations (n = 64) on Sandhill Wildlife Management Area, Wisconsin, USA, to assess station densities needed to attract and deliver placebo baits to free-ranging white-tailed deer and look for associations among deer density, number of bait stations per deer, and bait consumption. We placed 1 L of commercially available alfalfa cubes at bait stations 652 m apart, and monitored stations with motion-activated cameras for 5 days to document visitation and consumption by deer and nontarget species. Deer discovered 38% of all bait stations within 37 hr, on average (SE = 3.91 hr), and consumed variable amounts of bait at each station. Deer were documented in 94% of all photographs of wildlife at bait stations. We found no correlation between bait consumption and deer density or the number of bait stations per deer. We provide the first information on use of baits by free-ranging deer and nontarget wildlife to eventually vaccinate deer against bTB at a landscape level. The results of this study can further the development of strategies in delivery of pharmaceuticals to free-ranging white-tailed deer. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Fischer, Justin W.; Blass, Chad R.; Anderson, Charles W.; Lavelle, Michael J.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Walter, W. David] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 403 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hall, Wayne H.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Wisconsin Rapids, WI 54494 USA. [Anderson, Charles W.] Missouri Dept Conservat, 2901 W Truman Blvd, Jefferson City, MO 65109 USA. RP VerCauteren, KC (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 40 IS 2 BP 394 EP 399 DI 10.1002/wsb.635 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DR0ML UT WOS:000379601500027 ER PT J AU Normande, IC Malhado, ACM Reid, J Viana, PC Savaget, PVS Correia, RA Luna, FO Ladle, RJ AF Normande, I. C. Malhado, A. C. M. Reid, J. Viana Junior, P. C. Savaget, P. V. S. Correia, R. A. Luna, F. O. Ladle, R. J. TI Post-release monitoring of Antillean manatees: an assessment of the Brazilian rehabilitation and release programme SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Trichechus manatus manatus; reintroduction; reconnection of sub-populations; home range; habitat use; marine-protected areas; population viability ID WEST-INDIAN MANATEES; TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; REINTRODUCTION BIOLOGY; HABITAT USE; CONSERVATION; ESTIMATORS; GENETICS; BEHAVIOR; DUGONGS; FLORIDA AB Mammalian reintroduction programmes frequently aim to reconnect isolated sub-populations and restore population viability. However, these long-term objectives are rarely evaluated due to the inadequacy of post-release monitoring. Here, we report the results of a unique long-term telemetry-based monitoring programme for rehabilitated Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus reintroduced into selected sites in north-east Brazil with the aim of reconnecting isolated relict populations. Twenty-one satellite-tagged rehabilitated manatees, 13 males and 8 females, were released into the wild from two sites between November 2008 and June 2013. Individual accumulation curves were plotted and home ranges were calculated through the fixed kernel method using 95% of the utilization distribution. The number and size of the centres of activity (COAs) were calculated using 50% of the utilization distribution. Manatees displayed a dichotomous pattern of movement, with individuals either characterized by sedentary habits or by much more extensive movements. Moreover, home-range size was not significantly influenced by gender, age at release or release site. COAs were strongly associated with sheltered conditions within reefs and estuaries, and also by the presence of freshwater and feeding sites. Our data confirm that manatee reintroductions in Brazil have the potential to reconnect distant sub-populations. However, pre-release identification of potential long-distance migrants is currently unfeasible, and further analysis would be required to confirm genetic mixing of distant sub-populations. C1 [Normande, I. C.; Viana Junior, P. C.; Savaget, P. V. S.; Luna, F. O.] Natl Res Ctr Conservat Aquat Mammals, Chico Mendes Inst Biodivers Conservat, Estr Forte Orange S-N, BR-53900000 Itamaraca, PE, Brazil. [Normande, I. C.; Malhado, A. C. M.; Correia, R. A.; Ladle, R. J.] Univ Fed Alagoas, Inst Biol & Hlth Sci, Maceio, Brazil. [Reid, J.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL USA. [Correia, R. A.; Ladle, R. J.] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford, England. [Correia, R. A.] Univ Lisbon, Dept Biol Anim, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Ecol Evolut & Environm Change CE3c, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Normande, IC (reprint author), Natl Res Ctr Conservat Aquat Mammals, Chico Mendes Inst Biodivers Conservat, Estr Forte Orange S-N, BR-53900000 Itamaraca, PE, Brazil. EM iran.normande@icmbio.gov.br RI Malhado, Ana/I-3089-2012; Correia, Ricardo/G-9427-2016; Dey, Kamalesh/E-6568-2017; Ladle, Richard/E-4228-2014; OI Malhado, Ana/0000-0003-3621-779X; Correia, Ricardo/0000-0001-7359-9091; Ladle, Richard/0000-0003-3200-3946; Reid, James/0000-0002-8497-1132 FU IBAMA; PETROBRAS; ICMBio; Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [310953/2014-6] FX We would like to thank CMA veterinarians, handlers and field workers; US Geological Survey/Sirenia Project; REMANE members, especially Aquasis, PCCB/UERN, IMA and FMA. The reintroduction project was supported by IBAMA and PETROBRAS and is supported now by ICMBio. The research was conducted under the license SISBIO #25597. RJL is funded by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq # 310953/2014-6). Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 23 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 19 IS 3 BP 235 EP 246 DI 10.1111/acv.12236 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ1CU UT WOS:000378939500006 ER PT J AU White, AM Manley, PN Tarbill, GL Richardson, TW Russell, RE Safford, HD Dobrowski, SZ AF White, A. M. Manley, P. N. Tarbill, G. L. Richardson, T. W. Russell, R. E. Safford, H. D. Dobrowski, S. Z. TI Avian community responses to post-fire forest structure: implications for fire management in mixed conifer forests SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE avian community; forest fires; salvage logging; fire severity; post-fire management; hierarchical modeling; biodiversity; forest management ID CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PRESCRIBED FIRE; SPECIES RICHNESS; FUEL TREATMENTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; SEVERITY; WILDFIRE; CALIFORNIA; USA AB Fire is a natural process and the dominant disturbance shaping plant and animal communities in many coniferous forests of the western US. Given that fire size and severity are predicted to increase in the future, it has become increasingly important to understand how wildlife responds to fire and post-fire management. The Angora Fire burned 1243 hectares of mixed conifer forest in South Lake Tahoe, California. We conducted avian point counts for the first 3 years following the fire in burned and unburned areas to investigate which habitat characteristics are most important for re-establishing or maintaining the native avian community in post-fire landscapes. We used a multi-species occurrence model to estimate how avian species are influenced by the density of live and dead trees and shrub cover. While accounting for variations in the detectability of species, our approach estimated the occurrence probabilities of all species detected including those that were rare or observed infrequently. Although all species encountered in this study were detected in burned areas, species-specific modeling results predicted that some species were strongly associated with specific post-fire conditions, such as a high density of dead trees, open-canopy conditions or high levels of shrub cover that occur at particular burn severities or at a particular time following fire. These results indicate that prescribed fire or managed wildfire which burns at low to moderate severity without at least some high-severity effects is both unlikely to result in the species assemblages that are unique to post-fire areas or to provide habitat for burn specialists. Additionally, the probability of occurrence for many species was associated with high levels of standing dead trees indicating that intensive post-fire harvest of these structures could negatively impact habitat of a considerable proportion of the avian community. C1 [White, A. M.; Manley, P. N.; Tarbill, G. L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Tarbill, G. L.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Richardson, T. W.] Tahoe Inst Nat Sci, Incline Village, NV USA. [Russell, R. E.] USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Safford, H. D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Reg, Vallejo, CA USA. [Safford, H. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dobrowski, S. Z.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP White, AM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM angelawhite@fs.fed.us FU California Tahoe Conservancy; Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act research grant program FX Post-fire field studies are a dirty business. Field data collection was conducted by a large number of hardworking individuals; special thanks are owed to C. Carlson, D. Gaube and B. Campos for leading the field data collection. This project was made possible through two grants provided by the California Tahoe Conservancy and the Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act research grant program. We would like to thank the reviewers who provided invaluable comments that improved this paper. The use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 18 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 19 IS 3 BP 256 EP 264 DI 10.1111/acv.12237 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ1CU UT WOS:000378939500008 ER PT J AU Brown, ED Williams, BK AF Brown, Eleanor D. Williams, Byron K. TI Ecological integrity assessment as a metric of biodiversity: are we measuring what we say we are? SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE Biodiversity conservation; Ecological integrity assessment; Biodiversity indicators; Ecosystem integrity ID HABITAT-BASED SURROGATES; SPECIES RICHNESS; FLORISTIC QUALITY; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; INDEXES; FOREST; TAXA; INDICATORS; VEGETATION AB As the recognition of the importance of biological diversity in biological conservation grows, an ongoing challenge is to develop metrics that can be used for effective conservation and management. The ecological integrity assessment has been proposed as such a metric. It is held by some to measure species composition, diversity, and habitat quality, as well as ecosystem structure, composition, and function. The methodology relies on proxy variables that include data on landscape characteristics such as patch size, abiotic factors such as hydrology, and some features of vegetation structure and composition. We suggest that the measure is flawed on four levels. First, its putative representation of general ecological form and function, and its lack of specific detail about how it actually represents those attributes, leaves the metric without the focus needed to be useful for measuring ecological features on the ground and testing associated hypotheses and predictions. Second, the proxy variables used to represent biological diversity, such as habitat (vegetation) metrics and vascular plant species diversity, are not empirically correlated with diversity of a range of taxa or of other components of the biota. Third, like other ecological indices that integrate many distinct features, the ecological integrity index is subject to the loss of information in its condensation of multi-dimensional variability into a one-dimensional index, and it may be subject to systematic bias from the conversion of raw data into categorical scores. Fourth, the sampling protocols are at risk of sampling bias, observer bias, and measurement error, any of which can confound the estimation of conservation value. In terms of biological diversity, the methodology produces an unreliable estimate of the number of vascular plant species and their relative percentages of occurrence, and an absence of any protocols for taxa other than plants. For these reasons we believe that ecological integrity assessment is currently of limited value as a measure of site-specific biological diversity and its change over time. A considerable amount of investigation is needed in order to have confidence in the results of an ecological integrity assessment, especially if it is to be used for regulatory purposes. We suggest further refinements and discuss alternative measures of biological diversity that provide reliable metrics for assessing change. A thoughtful choice among measures can help to identify the most appropriate assessment for conservation decisions. C1 [Brown, Eleanor D.] US Geol Survey, Sci & Decis Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Williams, Byron K.] Wildlife Soc, 5410 Grosvenor Lane,Suite 200, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Brown, ED (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sci & Decis Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM ebrown@usgs.gov FU USGS Science and Decisions Center FX We thank the USGS Science and Decisions Center for support for B.K.W. during preparation of this paper. John Sauer provided an incisive review of the manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 29 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1011 EP 1035 DI 10.1007/s10531-016-1111-0 PG 25 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ2CA UT WOS:000379007200001 ER PT J AU Campagnola, S Romano, C Mastin, LG Vona, A AF Campagnola, S. Romano, C. Mastin, L. G. Vona, A. TI Confort 15 model of conduit dynamics: applications to Pantelleria Green Tuff and Etna 122 BC eruptions SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Numerical models; Magma rheology; Explosive eruptions; Decompression rate ID EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; BASALTIC PLINIAN ERUPTION; BUBBLE NUCLEATION; RHYOLITIC MELTS; WATER-CONTENT; DECOMPRESSION EXPERIMENTS; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; MAGMA FRAGMENTATION; PYROCLASTIC ROCKS; PHLEGREAN FIELDS AB Numerical simulations are useful tools to illustrate how flow parameters and physical processes may affect eruption dynamics of volcanoes. In this paper, we present an updated version of the Conflow model, an open-source numerical model for flow in eruptive conduits during steady-state pyroclastic eruptions (Mastin and Ghiorso in A numerical program for steady-state flow of magma-gas mixtures through vertical eruptive conduits. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 00-209, 2000). In the modified version, called Confort 15, the rheological constraints are improved, incorporating the most recent constitutive equations of both the liquid viscosity and crystal-bearing rheology. This allows all natural magma compositions, including the peralkaline melts excluded in the original version, to be investigated. The crystal-bearing rheology is improved by computing the effect of strain rate and crystal shape on the rheology of natural magmatic suspensions and expanding the crystal content range in which rheology can be modeled compared to the original version (Conflow is applicable to magmatic mixtures with up to 30 vol% crystal content). Moreover, volcanological studies of the juvenile products (crystal and vesicle size distribution) of the investigated eruption are directly incorporated into the modeling procedure. Vesicle number densities derived from textural analyses are used to calculate, through Toramaru equations, maximum decompression rates experienced during ascent. Finally, both degassing under equilibrium and disequilibrium conditions are considered. This allows considerations on the effect of different fragmentation criteria on the conduit flow analyses, the maximum volume fraction criterion ("porosity criterion"), the brittle fragmentation criterion and the overpressure fragmentation criterion. Simulations of the pantelleritic and trachytic phases of the Green Tuff (Pantelleria) and of the Plinian Etna 122 BC eruptions are performed to test the upgrades in the Confort 15 modeling. Conflow and Confort 15 numerical results are compared analyzing the effect of viscosity, decompression rate, temperature, fragmentation criteria (critical strain rate, porosity and overpressure criteria) and equilibrium versus disequilibrium degassing in the magma flow along volcanic conduits. The equilibrium simulation results indicate that an increase in viscosity, a faster decompression rate, a decrease in temperature or the application of the porosity criterion in place of the strain rate one produces a deepening in fragmentation depth. Initial velocity and mass flux of the mixture are directly correlated with each other, inversely proportional to an increase in viscosity, except for the case in which a faster decompression rate is assumed. Taking into account up-to-date viscosity parameterization or input faster decompression rate, a much larger decrease in the average pressure along the conduit compared to previous studies is recorded, enhancing water exsolution and degassing. Disequilibrium degassing initiates only at very shallow conditions near the surface. Brittle fragmentation (i.e., depending on the strain rate criterion) in the pantelleritic Green Tuff eruption simulations is mainly a function of the initial temperature. In the case of the Etna 122 BC Plinian eruption, the viscosity strongly affects the magma ascent dynamics along the conduit. Using Confort 15, and therefore incorporating the most recent constitutive rheological parameterizations, we could calculate the mixture viscosity increase due to the presence of microlites. Results show that these seemingly low-viscosity magmas can explosively fragment in a brittle manner. Mass fluxes resulting from simulations which better represent the natural case (i.e., microlite-bearing) are consistent with values found in the literature for Plinian eruptions (similar to 10(6) kg/s). The disequilibrium simulations, both for Green Tuff and Etna 122 BC eruptions, indicate that overpressure sufficient for fragmentation (if present) occurs only at very shallow conditions near the surface. C1 [Campagnola, S.; Romano, C.; Vona, A.] Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Sci, Largo San Leonardo Murialdo 1, I-00146 Rome, Italy. [Mastin, L. G.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Campagnola, S (reprint author), Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Sci, Largo San Leonardo Murialdo 1, I-00146 Rome, Italy. EM silvia.campagnola@hotmail.it RI Vona, Alessandro/H-1366-2012 OI Vona, Alessandro/0000-0002-5483-5623 NR 107 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 EI 1432-0967 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 171 IS 6 AR 60 DI 10.1007/s00410-016-1265-5 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA DQ1WG UT WOS:000378990500008 ER PT J AU Loftin, KA Graham, JL Hilborn, ED Lehmann, SC Meyer, MT Dietze, JE Griffith, CB AF Loftin, Keith A. Graham, Jennifer L. Hilborn, Elizabeth D. Lehmann, Sarah C. Meyer, Michael T. Dietze, Julie E. Griffith, Christopher B. TI Cyanotoxins in inland lakes of the United States: Occurrence and potential recreational health risks in the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007 SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Cyanotoxins; Microcystins; Cylindrospermopsins; Saxitoxins; Cyanobacteria ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; FRESH-WATER; CYLINDROSPERMOPSIS-RACIBORSKII; ANATOXIN-A; CYANOBACTERIA; MICROCYSTIN; IDENTIFICATION; MARINE; TOXINS; BRAZIL AB A large nation-wide survey of cyanotoxins (1161 lakes) in the United States (U.S.) was conducted during the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007. Cyanotoxin data were compared with cyanobacteria abundance- and chlorophyll-based World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds and mouse toxicity data to evaluate potential recreational risks. Cylindrospermopsins, microcystins, and saxitoxins were detected (ELISA) in 4.0, 32, and 7.7% of samples with mean concentrations of 0.56, 3.0, and 0.061 mu g/L, respectively (detections only). Co-occurrence of the three cyanotoxin classes was rare (0.32%) when at least one toxin was detected. Cyanobacteria were present and dominant in 98 and 76% of samples, respectively. Potential anatoxin-, cylindrospermopsin-, microcystin-, and saxitoxin-producing cyanobacteria occurred in 81, 67, 95, and 79% of samples, respectively. Anatoxin-a and nodularin-R were detected (LC/MS/MS) in 15 and 3.7% samples (n= 27). The WHO moderate and high risk thresholds for microcystins, cyanobacteria abundance, and total chlorophyll were exceeded in 1.1, 27, and 44% of samples, respectively. Complete agreement by all three WHO microcystin metrics occurred in 27% of samples. This suggests that WHO microcystin metrics based on total chlorophyll and cyanobacterial abundance can overestimate microcystin risk when compared to WHO microcystin thresholds. The lack of parity among the WHO thresholds was expected since chlorophyll is common amongst all phytoplankton and not all cyanobacteria produce microcystins. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Loftin, Keith A.; Meyer, Michael T.; Dietze, Julie E.; Griffith, Christopher B.] US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Graham, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Hilborn, Elizabeth D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NHEERL, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Lehmann, Sarah C.] US EPA, Off Wetlands Oceans & Watersheds, Ariel Rios Bldg,1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 4503T, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Loftin, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM kloftin@usgs.gov; jlgraham@usgs.gov; hilborn.e@epa.gov; lehmann.sarah@epa.gov; mmeyer@usgs.gov; juliec@usgs.gov; cgriffith@usgs.gov OI Dietze, Julie/0000-0002-5936-5739 FU EPA Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds [DW1492215401]; EPA Office of Research and Development National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory [DW14958073]; USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA); USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX The USGS collaborated with EPA, and the U.S. states and tribes on the 2007 National Lakes Assessment to measure microcystins. USGS later expanded the scope of this study in collaboration with EPA to include measurement of cylindrospermopsins and saxitoxins to better understand the occurrence of cyanotoxin mixtures. Support was provided by the EPA Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds (Interagency Agreement Number IA#DW1492215401), the EPA Office of Research and Development National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (IA#DW14958073), the USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA), and the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. The authors wish to acknowledge Bettie Kreakie, EPA and Barry Rosen, USGS for early reviews of the manuscript The views expressed in this report by the EPA authors are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.[CG] NR 83 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 26 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD JUN PY 2016 VL 56 BP 77 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2016.04.001 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DQ5WX UT WOS:000379277100008 PM 28073498 ER PT J AU Henry, EH Anderson, CT AF Henry, Erica H. Anderson, Chad T. TI Abundance estimates to inform butterfly management: double-observer versus distance sampling SO JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Butterfly; Abundance estimation; Hairstreak; Double observer; Distance sampling; Conservation; Management; Endangered species ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; POINT COUNTS; RECOVERY CRITERIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HABITAT AB Abundance estimates are used to establish baselines, set recovery targets, and assess management actions, all of which are essential aspects of evidence-based natural resource management. For many rare butterflies, these estimates do not exist, and conservation decisions rely instead on expert opinion. Using Bartram's scrub-hairstreak (Strymon acis bartrami, US Endangered) as a case study, we present a novel comparison of two methods that permit the incorporation of detection probabilities into abundance estimates, distance sampling and double-observer surveys. Additionally we provide a framework for establishing a systematic sampling scheme for monitoring very rare butterflies. We surveyed butterflies monthly in 2013, increasing intensity to weekly when butterflies were detected. We conducted 19 complete, island-wide surveys on Big Pine Key in the Florida Keys, detecting a total of 59 Bartram's scrub-hairstreaks across all surveys. Peak daily abundances were similar as estimated with distance sampling, 156 butterflies (95 % CI 65-247), and double-observer, 169 butterflies (95 % CI 65-269). Selecting a method for estimating abundance of rare species involves evaluating trade-offs between methods. Distance sampling requires at least 40 detections, but only one observer, while double-observer requires only 10 detections, but two observers. Double-observer abundance estimates agreed with distance sampling estimates, which suggests that double-observer is a reasonable alternative method to use for estimating detection probability and abundance for rare species that cannot be surveyed with other, more commonly used methods. C1 [Henry, Erica H.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Anderson, Chad T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Florida Keys Natl Wildlife Refuges, 28950 Watson Blvd, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA. [Anderson, Chad T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 829 South Oregon St, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. RP Henry, EH (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ehenry@ncsu.edu NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1366-638X EI 1572-9753 J9 J INSECT CONSERV JI J. Insect Conserv. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 20 IS 3 BP 505 EP 514 DI 10.1007/s10841-016-9883-9 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA DQ2LU UT WOS:000379034600015 ER PT J AU Hess, SC AF Hess, Steven C. TI A tour de force by Hawaii's invasive mammals: establishment, takeover, and ecosystem restoration through eradication SO MAMMAL STUDY LA English DT Review DE control methods; ecological degradation; eradication; Hawai'i; invasive mammals ID VOLCANOS-NATIONAL-PARK; PALILA LOXIOIDES-BAILLEUI; FERAL PIG REMOVAL; MAUNA-KEA; RAIN-FOREST; CAPRA-HIRCUS; ISLAND; MANAGEMENT; PACIFIC; HABITAT AB Invasive mammals have irreversibly altered ecosystems of Hawai'i and other tropical Pacific islands in numerous cases through novel herbivory, predation, and diseases, thereby causing the disproportionate extinction of flora and fauna that occur nowhere else on Earth. The control and eradication of invasive mammals is the single most expensive management activity necessary for restoring ecological integrity to many natural areas of Hawai'i and other Pacific Islands, and have already advanced the restoration of native biota by removing herbivorous ungulates from >750 km(2). Rodenticides which have been tested and registered for hand and aerial broadcast in Hawai'i have been used to eradicate rats from remote islands to protect nesting seabirds and are now being applied to larger islands to protect forest birds. The exclusion of other invasive mammals is now being undertaken with more sophisticated control techniques and fences. New fence designs are capable of excluding all mammals from areas to protect endangered native birds. Although the eradication of mammals from large areas has resulted in the restoration of some ecosystem processes such as natural forest regeneration, changes in other processes such as fire regimes, nutrient cycling, and invasive plant proliferation remain more difficult to reverse at larger landscape scales. C1 [Hess, Steven C.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44,Natl Pk, Hawaii, HI 96718 USA. RP Hess, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44,Natl Pk, Hawaii, HI 96718 USA. EM shess@usgs.gov FU USGS Invasive Species Program FX I gratefully acknowledge the organizers of IWMC2015 who invited the presentation upon which this paper is based. The USGS Invasive Species Program funded this work. I thank reviewers for helpful comments. Any use of product or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply US Government endorsement. NR 138 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 29 U2 38 PU MAMMALOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI KYOTO PA C/O NAKANISHI PRINTING CO, LTD, KAMIGYO-KU, KYOTO, 602-8048, JAPAN SN 1343-4152 EI 1348-6160 J9 MAMM STUDY JI Mamm. Study PD JUN PY 2016 VL 41 IS 2 BP 47 EP 60 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DQ0XM UT WOS:000378925100001 ER PT J AU Stocker, BD Prentice, IC Cornell, SE Davies-Barnard, T Finzi, AC Franklin, O Janssens, I Larmola, T Manzoni, S Nasholm, T Raven, JA Rebel, KT Reed, S Vicca, S Wiltshire, A Zaehle, S AF Stocker, Benjamin D. Prentice, I. Colin Cornell, Sarah E. Davies-Barnard, Taraka Finzi, Adrien C. Franklin, Oskar Janssens, Ivan Larmola, Tuula Manzoni, Stefano Nasholm, Torgny Raven, John A. Rebel, Karin T. Reed, Sasha Vicca, Sara Wiltshire, Andy Zaehle, Sonke TI Terrestrial nitrogen cycling in Earth system models revisited SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE carbon allocation; carbon cycle; Earth system model; exudates; mycorrhiza; nitrogen cycle; nitrogen fixation; plant-soil interactions ID CO2 ENRICHMENT; CARBON; FIXATION; PERSPECTIVE; DEPOSITION; BIOSPHERE; PATTERNS; FORESTS; CYCLES C1 [Stocker, Benjamin D.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, Silwood Pk, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Stocker, Benjamin D.; Prentice, I. Colin] Imperial Coll London, Grantham Inst Climate Change, Silwood Pk, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Prentice, I. Colin] Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, AXA Chair Biosphere & Climate Impacts, Silwood Pk, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Cornell, Sarah E.] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Davies-Barnard, Taraka] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Harrison Bldg,Streatham Campus, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Finzi, Adrien C.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, 5 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Finzi, Adrien C.] Boston Univ, PhD Programme Biogeosci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Franklin, Oskar] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Janssens, Ivan; Vicca, Sara] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Larmola, Tuula] Nat Resources Inst Finland Luke, Jokiniemenkuja 1, Vantaa 01370, Finland. [Manzoni, Stefano] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, Svante Arrhenius Vag 8, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Manzoni, Stefano] Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Svante Arrhenius Vag 8, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Nasholm, Torgny] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Raven, John A.] Univ Dundee, Plant Sci, JHI, Errol Rd, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Rebel, Karin T.] Copernicus Inst Sustainable Dev Environm Sci, Heidelberglaan 2, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands. [Reed, Sasha] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Wiltshire, Andy] Met Off, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Zaehle, Sonke] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Biogeochem Integrat Dept, Hans Knoell Str 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP Stocker, BD (reprint author), Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, Silwood Pk, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.; Stocker, BD (reprint author), Imperial Coll London, Grantham Inst Climate Change, Silwood Pk, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. EM b.stocker@imperial.ac.uk RI Manzoni, Stefano/C-5330-2009; Vicca, Sara/I-3637-2012; Stocker, Benjamin/K-3194-2015; Zaehle, Sonke/C-9528-2017; Janssens, Ivan/P-1331-2014; Cornell, Sarah/F-7003-2014 OI Manzoni, Stefano/0000-0002-5960-5712; Vicca, Sara/0000-0001-9812-5837; Stocker, Benjamin/0000-0003-2697-9096; Zaehle, Sonke/0000-0001-5602-7956; Janssens, Ivan/0000-0002-5705-1787; Cornell, Sarah/0000-0003-4367-1296 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 32 U2 64 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 210 IS 4 BP 1165 EP 1168 DI 10.1111/nph.13997 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DQ4YS UT WOS:000379211400005 PM 27159524 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE Parker, VT Vasey, MC AF Keeley, Jon E. Parker, V. Thomas Vasey, Michael C. TI Resprouting and seeding hypotheses: a test of the gap-dependent model using resprouting and obligate seeding subspecies of Arctostaphylos SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Disturbance; Fire; Regeneration; Reproduction; Resprouters; Seeders ID EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; FIRE; CALIFORNIA; PRODUCTIVITY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PERSISTENCE; DISTURBANCE; SHRUBLANDS; SPECIATION AB Ecological factors favoring either postfire resprouting or postfire obligate seeding in plants have received considerable attention recently. Three ecological models have been proposed to explain patterns of these two life history types. In this study, we test these three models using data from California chaparral. We take an innovative approach to testing these models by not testing community or landscape patterns, but instead, investigating vegetation structure characteristic of four pairs of resprouting and (non-resprouting) obligate seeding subspecies of Arctostaphylos (Ericaceae), a dominant and diverse shrub genus in California chaparral. Data were analyzed for percentage bare ground, elevation, annual precipitation, number of fires, and time between fires and were compared independently for each subspecies pair. Results were consistently supportive of the gap-dependent model suggesting that obligate seeders are favored when post-disturbance gaps are large. Results were inconclusive or contrary to expectations for both of the other two models. C1 [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Rancho Santa Ana Bot Garden, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Parker, V. Thomas; Vasey, Michael C.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA.; Keeley, JE (reprint author), Rancho Santa Ana Bot Garden, Claremont, CA 91711 USA.; Keeley, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 EI 1573-5052 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 217 IS 6 BP 743 EP 750 DI 10.1007/s11258-015-0551-z PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA DQ4IH UT WOS:000379166900012 ER PT J AU Eng, K Wolock, DM Dettinger, MD AF Eng, K. Wolock, D. M. Dettinger, M. D. TI Sensitivity of Intermittent Streams to Climate Variations in the USA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE intermittent streams; climate change; classification; ephemeral streams ID LAST 50 YEARS; FLOW PERMANENCE; MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; RIVER-BASIN; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CHANGING CLIMATE; RUNOFF; HYDROLOGY; GRADIENT AB There is a great deal of interest in the literature on streamflow changes caused by climate change because of the potential negative effects on aquatic biota and water supplies. Most previous studies have primarily focused on perennial streams, and there have been only a few studies examining the effect of climate variability on intermittent streams. Our objectives in this study were to (1) identify regions of similar zero-flow behaviour and (2) evaluate the sensitivity of intermittent streams to historical variability in climate in the USA. This study was carried out at 265 intermittent streams by evaluating (1) correlations among time series of flow metrics (number of zero-flow events, the average of the central 50% and largest 10% of flows) with climate (magnitudes, durations and intensity) and (2) decadal changes in the seasonality and long-term trends of these flow metrics. Results identified five distinct seasonality patterns in the zero-flow events. In addition, strong associations between the low-flow metrics and historical changes in climate were found. The decadal analysis suggested no significant seasonal shifts or decade-to-decade trends in the low-flow metrics. The lack of trends or changes in seasonality is likely due to unchanged long-term patterns in precipitation over the time period examined. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Eng, K.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wolock, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Lawrence, KS USA. [Dettinger, M. D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Dept 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Eng, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM keng@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 32 IS 5 BP 885 EP 895 DI 10.1002/rra.2939 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DP7YQ UT WOS:000378715500006 ER PT J AU Fincel, MJ Chipps, SR Graeb, BDS Brown, ML AF Fincel, M. J. Chipps, S. R. Graeb, B. D. S. Brown, M. L. TI Diet Breadth and Variability in Sander spp. Inferred from Stable Isotopes SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE walleye; Sander vitreus; sauger; Sander canadensis; Missouri River; hybridization ID SAUGER STIZOSTEDION-CANADENSE; MISSOURI RIVER RESERVOIR; VITREUM-VITREUM; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; TROPHIC POSITION; RAINBOW SMELT; SOUTH-DAKOTA; FOOD-CHAINS; NICHE WIDTH; WALLEYE AB We used stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to evaluate trophic similarity between sauger Sander canadensis and walleye S.vitreus in three Missouri River impoundments characterized by unique differences in riverine habitat. Mean N-15 was similar for sauger and walleye in each reservoir ranging from 15.7 to 17.8 parts per thousand for sauger and 15.2 to 17.7 parts per thousand for walleye. However, mean C-13 was greater for sauger (-24 parts per thousand) than for walleye (-25 parts per thousand) in Lake Oahe (lacustrine habitat), where rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax is an important prey species for walleye. Variation in N-15 and C-13 values was similar between walleye and sauger in Lewis and Clark Lake (riverine habitat), but was greater for sauger than for walleye in Lake Oahe, implying that in pelagic environments, sauger exhibit a larger diet breadth and lower diet consistency compared with walleyes. Isotope analyses support observations from traditional gut content studies that diet overlap between sauger and walleye varies with environmental conditions and is more similar in riverine food webs than in large lakes and impoundments. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Fincel, M. J.] South Dakota Dept Game Fish & Pk, 20641 SD HWY 1806, Ft Pierre, SD 57532 USA. [Chipps, S. R.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Graeb, B. D. S.; Brown, M. L.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Fincel, MJ (reprint author), South Dakota Dept Game Fish & Pk, 20641 SD HWY 1806, Ft Pierre, SD 57532 USA. EM Mark.Fincel@state.sd.us FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-15-R]; U.S. Geological Survey; South Dakota State University; South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks FX G. Adams, K. Edwards, R. Hanton, C. Longhenry, K. Potter, and J. Sorenson from South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks, and D. James, B. Fincel, W. Schrek, B. Swanson, B. VanDeHey, and A. Wuestewald from South Dakota State University provided technical assistance, reviews of earlier drafts, and field and laboratory assistance. Funding for this study was provided by the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration, Project F-15-R, Study 1515, administered through South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks. The South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota State University, and South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 32 IS 5 BP 984 EP 991 DI 10.1002/rra.2916 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DP7YQ UT WOS:000378715500016 ER PT J AU Tiffan, KF Hatten, JR Trachtenbarg, DA AF Tiffan, K. F. Hatten, J. R. Trachtenbarg, D. A. TI Y Assessing Juvenile Salmon Rearing Habitat and Associated Predation Risk in a Lower Snake River Reservoir SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE habitat; fall Chinook salmon; smallmouth bass; Snake River; modelling; predation; riprap; Lower Granite Reservoir ID FALL CHINOOK SALMON; SMALLMOUTH BASS; COLUMBIA RIVER; FISH COMMUNITIES; MOVEMENT; CONSTRUCTION; IMPOUNDMENTS; HATCHERY; SYSTEM; REACH AB Subyearling fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchustshawytscha) in the Columbia River basin exhibit a transient rearing strategy and depend on connected shoreline habitats during freshwater rearing. Impoundment has greatly reduced the amount of shallow-water rearing habitat that is exacerbated by the steep topography of reservoirs. Periodic dredging creates opportunities to strategically place spoils to increase the amount of shallow-water habitat for subyearlings while at the same time reducing the amount of unsuitable area that is often preferred by predators. We assessed the amount and spatial arrangement of subyearling rearing habitat in Lower Granite Reservoir on the Snake River to guide future habitat improvement efforts. A spatially explicit habitat assessment was conducted using physical habitat data, two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling and a statistical habitat model in a geographic information system framework. We used field collections of subyearlings and a common predator [smallmouth bass (Micropterusdolomieu)] to draw inferences about predation risk within specific habitat types. Most of the high-probability rearing habitat was located in the upper half of the reservoir where gently sloping landforms created low lateral bed slopes and shallow-water habitats. Only 29% of shorelines were predicted to be suitable (probability >0.5) for subyearlings, and the occurrence of these shorelines decreased in a downstream direction. The remaining, less suitable areas were composed of low-probability habitats in unmodified (25%) and riprapped shorelines (46%). As expected, most subyearlings were found in high-probability habitat, while most smallmouth bass were found in low-probability locations. However, some subyearlings were found in low-probability habitats, such as riprap, where predation risk could be high. Given their transient rearing strategy and dependence on shoreline habitats, subyearlings could benefit from habitat creation efforts in the lower reservoir where high-probability habitat is generally lacking. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Tiffan, K. F.; Hatten, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Trachtenbarg, D. A.] US Army, Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA USA. RP Tiffan, KF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM ktiffan@usgs.gov OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846 FU US Army Corps of Engineers [W68SBV02850847] FX We thank our US Geological Survey colleagues, in particular, Tom Batt, Matt Sholtis, Scott St. John, Brad Bickford, Tobyn Rhodes and John Erhardt, whose efforts contributed to this study. The constructive comments of anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript. This study was funded by the US Army Corps of Engineers under contract W68SBV02850847. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1030 EP 1038 DI 10.1002/rra.2934 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DP7YQ UT WOS:000378715500020 ER PT J AU Som, NA Goodman, DH Perry, RW Hardy, TB AF Som, Nicholas A. Goodman, Damon H. Perry, Russell W. Hardy, Thomas B. TI Habitat Suitability Criteria via Parametric Distributions: Estimation, Model Selection and Uncertainty SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE habitat suitability criteria; maximum likelihood; probability density function; bootstrap ID SALMON HABITAT; STREAM; RIVER AB Previous methods for constructing univariate habitat suitability criteria (HSC) curves have ranged from professional judgement to kernel-smoothed density functions or combinations thereof. We present a new method of generating HSC curves that applies probability density functions as the mathematical representation of the curves. Compared with previous approaches, benefits of our method include (1) estimation of probability density function parameters directly from raw data, (2) quantitative methods for selecting among several candidate probability density functions, and (3) concise methods for expressing estimation uncertainty in the HSC curves. We demonstrate our method with a thorough example using data collected on the depth of water used by juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) in the Klamath River of northern California and southern Oregon. All R code needed to implement our example is provided in the appendix. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Som, Nicholas A.; Goodman, Damon H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata FWO, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Perry, Russell W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA USA. [Hardy, Thomas B.] Texas State Univ, Meadows Ctr Water & Environm, San Marcos, TX USA. [Som, Nicholas A.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Som, NA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata FWO, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM nicholas_som@fws.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1128 EP 1137 DI 10.1002/rra.2900 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DP7YQ UT WOS:000378715500029 ER PT J AU Barnett, M Imre, I Wagner, CM Di Rocco, RT Johnson, NS Brown, GE AF Barnett, M. Imre, I. Wagner, C. M. Di Rocco, R. T. Johnson, N. S. Brown, G. E. TI Evaluating potential artefacts of photo-reversal on behavioural studies with nocturnal invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; Petromyzon marinus; predator cues; conspecific damage-released alarm cues; photo-reversal ID MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; GREAT-LAKES; ALARM CUES; PREDATOR; SENSITIVITY; MANAGEMENT; SENSE; ODOR; DIEL AB Sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus L., 1758) are nocturnal, so experiments evaluating their behaviour to chemosensory cues have typically been conducted at night. However, given the brief timeframe each year that adult P. marinus are available for experimentation, we investigated whether P. marinus exposed to a 12 h shifted diurnal cycle (reversed photoperiod) could be tested in a darkened arena during the day and show the same response to chemosensory cues as natural photoperiod P. marinus that were tested during the night. Ten replicates of 10 P. marinus, from each photoperiod, were exposed to deionized water (negative control), 2-phenylethylamine hydrochloride (PEA HCl, putative predator cue), or P. marinus whole-body extract (conspecific alarm cue). All P. marinus demonstrated a significant avoidance response to both cues. No significant differences were found in avoidance to PEA HCl between photoperiods. Avoidance of P. marinus whole-body extract was significantly stronger in natural compared with reversed photoperiod P. marinus. The use of reversed photoperiod subjects is suitable for examining the presence or absence of avoidance in response to novel chemosensory alarm cues, or the change in the magnitude of antipredator response. Studies investigating the natural magnitude of antipredator response should use natural photoperiod experimental subjects. C1 [Barnett, M.; Imre, I.] Algoma Univ, Dept Biol, 1520 Queen St East, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2G4, Canada. [Wagner, C. M.] Michigan State Univ, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Di Rocco, R. T.; Brown, G. E.] Concordia Univ, Dept Biol, 7141 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada. [Johnson, N. S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Imre, I (reprint author), Algoma Univ, Dept Biol, 1520 Queen St East, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2G4, Canada. EM istvan.imre@algomau.ca FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We are grateful to J. Foote and J. Waas for their comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Thanks are due to N. Stratton, H. McClure, E. Jordbro, G. Byford, C. Kozel, and K. Kierczynski for their help with running the experiments and collecting the data. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service collected the animals used for this study. The Hammond Bay Biological Station provided access to the stream channels and logistical support throughout the study. This study was funded by a research grant from the Great Lakes Fishery Commission to I. Imre, N. Johnson, and G. Brown and was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Undergraduate Student Research Award to M. Barnett. Mention and use of trademark products does not constitute endorsement from the U.S. Government. This article is contribution No. 2022 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 BP 405 EP 410 DI 10.1139/cjz-2015-0254 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DP4BB UT WOS:000378439300003 ER PT J AU Beatty, WS Beasley, JC Olson, ZH Rhodes, OE AF Beatty, William S. Beasley, James C. Olson, Zachary H. Rhodes, Olin E., Jr. TI Influence of habitat attributes on density of Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) in agricultural ecosystems SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; abundance; density; Didelphis virginiana; fragmentation; generalized linear mixed models; Indiana; Poisson distribution; robust design; Virginia opossum ID HIGHLY FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; HOME-RANGE SIZE; MARKED ANIMALS; GENERALIST MESOPREDATOR; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; ROBUST DESIGN; MATING SYSTEM; SURVIVAL; ABUNDANCE AB In agriculturally fragmented ecosystems, mesopredators play dominant roles in food webs through scavenging. We examined the influence of habitat attributes associated with carrion on local Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana Kerr, 1792) density in an agricultural landscape. We conducted opossum mark-recapture in 25 forest patches from 2005 to 2010, which represented the most extensive sampling of opossums to date. We analyzed mark-recapture data with a closed robust design and evaluated effects of landscape features linked to carrion on opossum density and female opossum density with generalized linear mixed-effects models. We included landscape-level (1481.6 m buffer) and patch-level covariates linked to carrion in addition to other covariates associated with high opossum densities. We developed a set of 19 candidate models and examined model fit with Akaike's information criterion. The top model for opossum density included the density of adjoining roads, whereas the top model for female density included patch size, although the statistical null was a competing model in both cases. The long-distance dispersal capability and generalist diet of the opossum likely precluded us from detecting a definitive relationship between covariates and opossum density. The scale of effect for opossum density in agriculturally fragmented landscapes is likely larger than the spatial scales examined here. C1 [Beatty, William S.; Beasley, James C.; Olson, Zachary H.; Rhodes, Olin E., Jr.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 715 West State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Beatty, William S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Beasley, James C.; Rhodes, Olin E., Jr.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Olson, Zachary H.] Univ New England, Dept Psychol, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. RP Beatty, WS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 715 West State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.; Beatty, WS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM w_beatty@hotmail.com OI Beatty, William/0000-0003-0013-3113 NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 16 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 BP 411 EP 419 DI 10.1139/cjz-2016-0012 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DP4BB UT WOS:000378439300004 ER PT J AU Houser, JD Porter, AH Ginsberg, HS Jakob, EM AF Houser, Jeremy D. Porter, Adam H. Ginsberg, Howard S. Jakob, Elizabeth M. TI Effect of phenology on agonistic competitive interactions between invasive and native sheet-web spiders SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE competition; size; Linyphiidae; spiders; invasive species; Linyphia triangularis; Frontinella communis; Neriene radiata; Pityohyphantes subarcticus ID ARANEAE LINYPHIIDAE; BODY-SIZE; POPULATIONS; EXPERIENCE; DECISIONS; CONTESTS; COSTS; ALIEN AB The phenologies of introduced relative to native species can greatly influence the degree and symmetry of competition between them. The European spider Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757) (Linyphiidae) reaches very high densities in coastal Maine (USA). Previous studies suggest that L. triangularis negatively affects native linyphiid species, with competition for webs as one mechanism. We documented phenological differences between L. triangularis and three native species that illustrate the potential for the reversal of size-based competitive advantage over the course of the year. To test whether relative size influences interaction outcome, we allowed a resident spider to build a web and then introduced an intruder. We examined whether the outcomes of agonistic interactions over the webs were influenced by the species of the resident (invasive or native), the relative size of the contestants, and the species x size interaction. We found that the importance of relative size differed among species. In interactions between L. triangularis and each of two native species, size played a greater role than resident species on the outcome of interactions, suggesting that competitive advantage reverses over the season based on phenology-related size differences. Linyphia triangularis had a negative impact on the third species regardless of relative size. C1 [Houser, Jeremy D.] Univ Massachusetts, Neurosci & Behav Grad Program, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Porter, Adam H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Ginsberg, Howard S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Coastal Field Stn, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Woodward Hall PSE, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Jakob, Elizabeth M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Jakob, EM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM ejakob@psych.umass.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH); American Arachnological Society; National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX D. Jennings provided valuable counsel throughout this project. Helpful and extensive statistical advice was provided by H. Renski of the Institute for Social Science Research statistical consulting service and P. Sievert. E. Clotfelter, R. Brodie, S. Partan, and S. Long provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Special thanks go to those who assisted with data collection: C. Skow, J. Bednarski, M. Gorski, and V. Johnson. We thank the staff at Acadia National Park, especially D. Manski, B. Connery, E. Pontbriand, and B. Wiedner, for assistance throughout this project and for permission to work at Schoodic. M. Bierman, J. McKenna, and the staff of the Schoodic Education and Research Center provided crucial logistic support. We thank the following funding sources: a National Institutes of Health (NIH) predoctoral training fellowship to J. D. H., a research grant from the American Arachnological Society to J. D. H., and a grant from the National Park Service and U.S. Geological Survey to J. D. H., E. M. J., and D. Jennings. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 BP 427 EP 434 DI 10.1139/cjz-2015-0221 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DP4BB UT WOS:000378439300006 ER PT J AU Hausner, MB Wilson, KP Gaines, DB Suarez, F Scoppettone, GG Tyler, SW AF Hausner, Mark B. Wilson, Kevin P. Gaines, D. Bailey Suarez, Francisco Scoppettone, G. Gary Tyler, Scott W. TI Projecting the effects of climate change and water management on Devils Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis) survival SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Devils Hole; climate change; conservation; computational fluid dynamics; water management ID AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM; NEVADENSIS; HABITAT; NEVADA; CARBON AB Aquatic ecosystems of North American deserts are frequently very restricted in area and tend to harbour very specialized species endemic to their restricted habitats. Small changes in environmental conditions of these specialized forms may jeopardize their persistence. A notable example of endemic and specialized species that may have been influenced by slight changes in its habitat is the Devils Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis), which occurs only in a small pool ecosystem in the Mojave Desert of the Southwestern United States. In this study, we use a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model to examine the physical effects of climate change and local groundwater management on Devils Hole and combine those results with a conceptual ecological model to consider the impacts of those changes on annual recruitment of C.diabolis. The CFD model predicts water temperatures as a response to climate and water level, and the ecological model is used to determine the timing of tipping points that may encourage or suppress the annual recruitment of C.diabolis. The combination of interdisciplinary modelling approaches offers a method to quantify and compare the suitability of habitat under a range of management and climate scenarios. Our results show that the influence of water level on peak temperatures in Devils Hole (and on the ecosystem's suitability for C.diabolis) is an order of magnitude greater than the influence of climate change. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Hausner, Mark B.; Tyler, Scott W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, MS 172, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hausner, Mark B.; Suarez, Francisco] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ingn Hidraul & Ambiental, Ave Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile. [Hausner, Mark B.] Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, 755 East Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Wilson, Kevin P.; Gaines, D. Bailey] Death Valley Natl Pk, Pahrump Field Off, 1321 So Hwy 160,Suite 1, Pahrump, NV 89048 USA. [Gaines, D. Bailey] US Army Corps Engineers, Whitney Lake Off, 285 CR 3602, Clifton, TX 76634 USA. [Scoppettone, G. Gary] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Reno, NV USA. RP Hausner, MB (reprint author), Div Hydrol Sci, 755 East Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM mark.hausner@dri.edu FU Sulo and Aileen Maki Endowment FX The authors thank Sachiko Sueki and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful and constructive comments on the manuscript. This research was made possible by the Death Valley Natural History Association, the Nevada Department of Wildlife, US National Park Service grant J8R07090002, NSF-EAR-0929638, NSF-EAR-1128999, the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile School of Engineering, and the generosity and support of the Sulo and Aileen Maki Endowment. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups (listed in Table I of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. The authors would like to dedicate this work to the memory of Dr Jim Deacon, who was a tireless voice for the conservation of desert fishes and the Devils Hole pupfish in particular. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect any positions of the United States government. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 16 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD JUN PY 2016 VL 9 IS 4 BP 560 EP 573 DI 10.1002/eco.1656 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DP5PS UT WOS:000378550200002 ER PT J AU Aulenbach, BT Burns, DA Shanley, JB Yanai, RD Bae, K Wild, AD Yang, Y Yi, D AF Aulenbach, Brent T. Burns, Douglas A. Shanley, James B. Yanai, Ruth D. Bae, Kikang Wild, Adam D. Yang, Yang Yi, Dong TI Approaches to stream solute load estimation for solutes with varying dynamics from five diverse small watersheds SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE load methodology; sample design; Special Feature: Uncertainty Analysis; streamwater fluxes; streamwater loads; water quality ID BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT LOADS; TRIBUTARY MASS LOADS; SAMPLING STRATEGIES; NUTRIENT LOADS; FLUX CALCULATIONS; RATING CURVES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; MODEL; TRANSPORT AB Estimating streamwater solute loads is a central objective of many water-quality monitoring and research studies, as loads are used to compare with atmospheric inputs, to infer biogeochemical processes, and to assess whether water quality is improving or degrading. In this study, we evaluate loads and associated errors to determine the best load estimation technique among three methods (a period-weighted approach, the regression-model method, and the composite method) based on a solute's concentration dynamics and sampling frequency. We evaluated a broad range of varying concentration dynamics with stream flow and season using four dissolved solutes (sulfate, silica, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon) at five diverse small watersheds (Sleepers River Research Watershed, VT; Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH; Biscuit Brook Watershed, NY; Panola Mountain Research Watershed, GA; and Rio Mameyes Watershed, PR) with fairly high-frequency sampling during a 10- to 11-yr period. Data sets with three different sampling frequencies were derived from the full data set at each site (weekly plus storm/snowmelt events, weekly, and monthly) and errors in loads were assessed for the study period, annually, and monthly. For solutes that had a moderate to strong concentration-discharge relation, the composite method performed best, unless the autocorrelation of the model residuals was <0.2, in which case the regression-model method was most appropriate. For solutes that had a nonexistent or weak concentration-discharge relation (model R-2 < about 0.3), the period-weighted approach was most appropriate. The lowest errors in loads were achieved for solutes with the strongest concentration-discharge relations. Sample and regression model diagnostics could be used to approximate overall accuracies and annual precisions. For the period-weighed approach, errors were lower when the variance in concentrations was lower, the degree of autocorrelation in the concentrations was higher, and sampling frequency was higher. The period-weighted approach was most sensitive to sampling frequency. For the regression-model and composite methods, errors were lower when the variance in model residuals was lower. For the composite method, errors were lower when the autocorrelation in the residuals was higher. Guidelines to determine the best load estimation method based on solute concentration-discharge dynamics and diagnostics are presented, and should be applicable to other studies. C1 [Aulenbach, Brent T.] US Geol Survey, South Atlantic Water Sci Ctr, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Burns, Douglas A.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [Yanai, Ruth D.; Bae, Kikang; Wild, Adam D.; Yang, Yang; Yi, Dong] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Aulenbach, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, South Atlantic Water Sci Ctr, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. EM btaulenb@usgs.gov RI Aulenbach, Brent/A-5848-2008 OI Aulenbach, Brent/0000-0003-2863-1288 FU Quantifying Uncertainty in Ecosystem Studies (QUEST) Research Coordination Network; National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF) LTER Network (NSF grant) [DEB-1114804]; NSF [BSR-8811902, DEB 9411973, DEB 0080538, DEB 0218039, DEB 0620910, DEB 0963447, DEB-129764] FX We thank the Quantifying Uncertainty in Ecosystem Studies (QUEST) Research Coordination Network (www.quantifyinguncertainty.org), which provided financial support for this analysis and for publication charges. QUEST is hosted by the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry and is funded by the National Science Foundation. Many thanks go to all the individuals and projects that helped collect, analyze, and share the data necessary for this analysis. Data for this analysis were provided by the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES), the Luquillo Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), including data from the Water, Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program. The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA. Significant funding for collection of the HBES data was provided by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF) LTER Network (NSF grant number DEB-1114804). Significant funding for collection of the Rio Mameyes Luquillo LTER data was provided by grants from the NSF to the Department of Environmental Science, University of Puerto Rico, and to the International Institute of Tropical Forestry USDA Forest Service (NSF grant numbers BSR-8811902, DEB 9411973, DEB 0080538, DEB 0218039, DEB 0620910, DEB 0963447, and DEB-129764). The USDA Forest Service, the University of Puerto Rico, and the Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory (CZO; EAR EAR-1331841) gave additional support. Studies at Panola Mountain Research Watershed were conducted in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 6 AR e01298 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1298 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP5GA UT WOS:000378523100004 ER PT J AU Bond-Lamberty, B Epron, D Harden, J Harmon, ME Hoffman, F Kumar, J McGuire, AD Vargas, R AF Bond-Lamberty, Ben Epron, Daniel Harden, Jennifer Harmon, Mark E. Hoffman, Forrest Kumar, Jitendra McGuire, Anthony David Vargas, Rodrigo TI Estimating heterotrophic respiration at large scales: challenges, approaches, and next steps SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; heterotrophic respiration; modeling ID PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON USE EFFICIENCY; GLOBAL DATABASE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; AUTOTROPHIC COMPONENTS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; SENSITIVITY AB Heterotrophic respiration (HR), the aerobic and anaerobic processes mineralizing organic matter, is a key carbon flux but one impossible to measure at scales significantly larger than small experimental plots. This impedes our ability to understand carbon and nutrient cycles, benchmark models, or reliably upscale point measurements. Given that a new generation of highly mechanistic, genomic-specific global models is not imminent, we suggest that a useful step to improve this situation would be the development of "Decomposition Functional Types" (DFTs). Analogous to plant functional types (PFTs), DFTs would abstract and capture important differences in HR metabolism and flux dynamics, allowing modelers and experimentalists to efficiently group and vary these characteristics across space and time. We argue that DFTs should be initially informed by top-down expert opinion, but ultimately developed using bottom-up, data-driven analyses, and provide specific examples of potential dependent and independent variables that could be used. We present an example clustering analysis to show how annual HR can be broken into distinct groups associated with global variability in biotic and abiotic factors, and demonstrate that these groups are distinct from (but complementary to) already-existing PFTs. A similar analysis incorporating observational data could form the basis for future DFTs. Finally, we suggest next steps and critical priorities: collection and synthesis of existing data; more in-depth analyses combining open data with rigorous testing of analytical results; using point measurements and realistic forcing variables to constrain process-based models; and planning by the global modeling community for decoupling decomposition from fixed site data. These are all critical steps to build a foundation for DFTs in global models, thus providing the ecological and climate change communities with robust, scalable estimates of HR. C1 [Bond-Lamberty, Ben] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Epron, Daniel] Univ Lorraine, UMR INRA UL Ecol & Ecophysiol Forestieres 1137, F-54500 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Harden, Jennifer] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Harmon, Mark E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hoffman, Forrest; Kumar, Jitendra] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [McGuire, Anthony David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Vargas, Rodrigo] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Bond-Lamberty, B (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM bondlamberty@pnnl.gov RI Bond-Lamberty, Ben/C-6058-2008; Vargas, Rodrigo/C-4720-2008; Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012; OI Bond-Lamberty, Ben/0000-0001-9525-4633; Vargas, Rodrigo/0000-0001-6829-5333; Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134; Kumar, Jitendra/0000-0002-0159-0546 FU National Science Foundation's Macrosystem Biology Program [DEB-1137178]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences Program; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [2014-67003-22070]; U.S. Geological Survey; Biogeochemistry-Climate Feedbacks (BGC Feedbacks) Scientific Focus Area; Next Generation Ecosystem Experiments Tropics (NGEE Tropics) Project; Climate and Environmental Sciences Division in the Biological and Environmental Research Program of U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by funding from the National Science Foundation's Macrosystem Biology Program (DEB-1137178) to MH, BBL, and RV. We are grateful to the participants in the workshops sponsored by this grant, many of whom contributed generously to the development of the ideas here. We thank Becky Fasth for logistical help and intellectual feedback. BBL was supported by Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences Program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. RV and ADM acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (2014-67003-22070) and U.S. Geological Survey, respectively. FMH and JK were supported by the Biogeochemistry-Climate Feedbacks (BGC Feedbacks) Scientific Focus Area and the Next Generation Ecosystem Experiments Tropics (NGEE Tropics) Project, which are sponsored by the Climate and Environmental Sciences Division in the Biological and Environmental Research Program of U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. FMH and JK's contributions were authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 6 AR e01380 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1380 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP5GA UT WOS:000378523100033 ER PT J AU Childress, ES McIntyre, PB AF Childress, Evan S. McIntyre, Peter B. TI Life history traits and spawning behavior modulate ecosystem-level effects of nutrient subsidies from fish migrations SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Catostomus catostomus; Catostomus commersonii; migration; nutrient subsidy; stream metabolism; trait-based ID PACIFIC SALMON; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; STREAM METABOLISM; ITEROPAROUS FISH; SEA LAMPREY; TRANSPORT; PRODUCTIVITY; FLUORESCENCE; RESTORATION AB Migratory animals can have profound impacts on ecosystem structure and function. In streams, salmon are well known for their contrasting influences on primary productivity through nutrient delivery, which enhances potential productivity, and substrate disturbance during nest building, which reduces algal biomass and primary production. However, most migratory fish species neither disturb the substrate significantly nor die en masse after spawning, hence their influence on ecosystems may differ from that observed in salmon streams. To determine the influence of nutrient subsidies from migrations of iteroparous fish whose broadcast spawning does not disturb the substrate substantially, we compared nutrient limitation, nutrient concentrations, and stream metabolism during spawning migrations of suckers (Catostomus spp.) in Lake Michigan tributaries with and without migration barriers. Although suckers deliver both nitrogen and phosphorus as eggs and waste excretion, only nitrogen concentrations were elevated during the migration (NH4-N rose 44% relative to sites without a sucker run). Nutrient diffusing substrates demonstrated P-limitation during the migration at sites spanning a wide range of sucker abundance, suggesting that high demand for likely masked P inputs from fish. Time series analyses indicated that gross primary production (GPP) increased with sucker excretion, but not with egg deposition after accounting for abiotic conditions. In contrast, egg deposition, but not excretion, was associated with a slight increase in ecosystem respiration (ER), suggesting that sucker gametes provide labile carbon that contributes to ER. The effects of suckers contrast with ecosystem responses to salmon migrations, which elevate ER but have mixed effects on GPP. This disparity reflects the fact that suckers fertilize streams without attendant disturbance effects. Our results suggest that basic differences in life history and behavior of migratory fish determine the direction and magnitude of their ecosystem effects. As a result, broad trait-based predictions of the ecosystem role of migratory fishes may become possible as more species are studied. C1 [Childress, Evan S.; McIntyre, Peter B.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Childress, Evan S.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Childress, ES (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Childress, ES (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM evan.childress@gmail.com FU NSF-IGERT award [DGE-1144752]; University of Wisconsin Water Resources Institute [WR11R002] FX This research was supported by NSF-IGERT award DGE-1144752 and the University of Wisconsin Water Resources Institute (WR11R002). We are grateful to Ellen Hamman, The Nature Conservancy, and the Lily Bay Conservancy for logistical support. Thanks to Marc Hietpas and Chase Rakowski for assistance with data collection. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 6 AR e01301 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1301 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP5GA UT WOS:000378523100006 ER PT J AU Fick, SE Decker, C Duniway, MC Miller, ME AF Fick, Stephen E. Decker, Cheryl Duniway, Michael C. Miller, Mark E. TI Small-scale barriers mitigate desertification processes and enhance plant recruitment in a degraded semiarid grassland SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE aeolian processes; Colorado Plateau; conmods; connectivity; contingency; drylands; ecological filters; feedbacks; invasive species; restoration; Salsola spp.; Sporobolus spp. ID VEGETATION DYNAMICS; ALTERNATIVE STATES; DESERT FARMLAND; HARVESTER ANTS; MOJAVE DESERT; BARE PATCHES; SOUTH-AFRICA; ARID LANDS; SEED BANKS; SOIL AB Anthropogenic desertification is a problem that plagues drylands globally; however, the factors which maintain degraded states are often unclear. In Canyonlands National Park on the Colorado Plateau of southeastern Utah, many degraded grasslands have not recovered structure and function >40 yr after release from livestock grazing pressure, necessitating active restoration. We hypothesized that multiple factors contribute to the persistent degraded state, including lack of seed availability, surficial soil-hydrological properties, and high levels of spatial connectivity (lack of perennial vegetation and other surface structure to retain water, litter, seed, and sediment). In combination with seeding and surface raking treatments, we tested the effect of small barrier structures ("ConMods") designed to disrupt the loss of litter, seed and sediment in degraded soil patches within the park. Grass establishment was highest when all treatments (structures, seed addition, and soil disturbance) were combined, but only in the second year after installation, following favorable climatic conditions. We suggest that multiple limiting factors were ameliorated by treatments, including seed limitation and microsite availability, seed removal by harvester ants, and stressful abiotic conditions. Higher densities of grass seedlings on the north and east sides of barrier structures following the summer months suggest that structures may have functioned as artificial "nurse-plants", sheltering seedlings from wind and radiation as well as accumulating wind-blown resources. Barrier structures increased the establishment of both native perennial grasses and exotic annuals, although there were species-specific differences in mortality related to spatial distribution of seedlings within barrier structures. The unique success of all treatments combined, and even then only under favorable climatic conditions and in certain soil patches, highlights that restoration success (and potentially, natural regeneration) often is contingent on many interacting factors. C1 [Fick, Stephen E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Decker, Cheryl] Natl Pk Serv, North Cascades Complex, Sedro Woolley, WA USA. [Duniway, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Miller, Mark E.] Natl Pk Serv, Southeast Utah Grp, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Fick, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sfick@ucdavis.edu OI Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 FU National Park Service; MacDonald Plant Sciences Fellowship from UC Davis FX This project was conducted with funding and logistical support from the National Park Service and a MacDonald Plant Sciences Fellowship from UC Davis. We thank Clay Allred, Dorita Brady, Brad Donaldson, Abigail Geisen, Clay Kark, Taylor Killough, Selena Mann, Mary Moran, Harrison Rhoades, Vincent Stowell, Holly Taylor, and Gery Wakefield for assistance with field work and data management. Truman Young, Gregory Okin, and an anonymous reviewer provided comments which improved the quality of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 18 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 6 AR e01354 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1354 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP5GA UT WOS:000378523100021 ER PT J AU Holbrook, JD Arkle, RS Rachlow, JL Vierling, KT Pilliod, DS Wiest, MM AF Holbrook, Joseph D. Arkle, Robert S. Rachlow, Janet L. Vierling, Kerri T. Pilliod, David S. Wiest, Michelle M. TI Occupancy and abundance of predator and prey: implications of the fire-cheatgrass cycle in sagebrush ecosystems SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE American badger; Artemisia tridentata; biological invasion; Bromus tectorum; burrowing mammals; cheatgrass; climate change; Idaho; Piute ground squirrel; Taxidea taxus; Urocitellus mollis; wildfire ID BADGER TAXIDEA-TAXUS; TOWNSENDS GROUND-SQUIRRELS; DEGRADED SHRUB-STEPPE; LAND-USE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; BIOTIC INTERACTIONS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; GREAT-BASIN; HABITAT; CONSERVATION AB Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) ecosystems are declining due to biological invasions and changes in fire regimes. Understanding how ecosystem changes influence functionally important animals such as ecosystem engineers is essential to conserve ecological functions. American badgers (Taxidea taxus) are an apex predator and ecosystem engineer in that they redistribute large amounts of soil within sagebrush ecosystems. Piute ground squirrels (Urocitellus mollis) are also an ecosystem engineer as well as an essential prey resource for many predators, including badgers. Our research objective was to evaluate the relative importance of biological invasions and fire, abiotic factors, and biotic factors on badgers and ground squirrels. We sampled 163 1-ha plots during April-June across a gradient of burn histories within a 1962 km(2) study area in southern Idaho, USA. At each plot, we characterized occupancy of ground squirrels and badgers and relative abundance of ground squirrels. Additionally, we characterized soil texture, climate, connectivity and dispersal potential, fire frequency, grazing, and cover of many plant species including a highly invasive exotic annual grass (cheatgrass; Bromus tectorum). We used an integrated approach to evaluate competing hypotheses concerning factors influencing occupancy and abundance. Results suggested that occupancy of ground squirrels was positively associated with long-term precipitation, dispersal potential, and fine-grained soil. Abundance of ground squirrels was positively associated with fine-grained soil, but negatively associated with cheatgrass, fire frequency, agriculture, and shrub cover. Badger occupancy was positively associated with ground squirrel occupancy and agriculture, which indicated affinity to prey. Our results provide insight into the relative influence of abiotic and biotic factors on predator and prey, and highlight how effects change across different population parameters. Our research suggests that widespread environmental change within sagebrush ecosystems, especially the fire-cheatgrass cycle (e.g., invasion of cheatgrass and increased fire frequency) and human land disturbances, are directly and indirectly influencing ground squirrels and badgers. However, we also found evidence that efforts to mitigate these stressors, for example, establishing bunchgrasses postfire, may provide targeted conservation strategies that promote these species and thus preserve the burrowing and trophic functions they provide. C1 [Holbrook, Joseph D.; Rachlow, Janet L.; Vierling, Kerri T.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Arkle, Robert S.; Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Wiest, Michelle M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Stat Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Holbrook, JD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jholbrook03@gmail.com RI Vierling, Kerri/N-6653-2016 FU National Science Foundation's IGERT program [0903479]; Shikar Safari Club International Scholarship; J. Michael and Sharon L. Scott Graduate Student Scholarship; Joint Fire Science Program [11-1-2-30] FX We are sincerely grateful to D. Holbrook (JDH's father) for the consistent willingness to help his son with field work. JDH was supported by the National Science Foundation's IGERT program (Award 0903479), Shikar Safari Club International Scholarship, and the J. Michael and Sharon L. Scott Graduate Student Scholarship. Funding for environmental data was provided by the Joint Fire Science Program (Project ID: 11-1-2-30). We thank Steve Knick, Kurt Jenkins, and two anonymous reviewers for providing comments that improved this manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 93 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 18 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 6 AR e01307 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1307 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP5GA UT WOS:000378523100008 ER PT J AU LeBrun, JJ Thogmartin, WE Thompson, FR Dijak, WD Millspaugh, JJ AF LeBrun, Jaymi J. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Thompson, Frank R., III Dijak, William D. Millspaugh, Joshua J. TI Assessing the sensitivity of avian species abundance to land cover and climate SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Avian abundance; Bayesian hierarchical models; Central USA; climate; Colinus virginianus; Helmitheros vermivorum; land cover; latitudinal gradient; North American Breeding Bird Survey; Setophaga discolor; Setophaga pinus; Vermivora cyanoptera ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; HABITAT LOSS; ADAPTATION STRATEGIES; LANDSCAPE FACTORS; POLEWARD SHIFTS; BIRDS; POPULATION; MODELS; BIODIVERSITY AB Climate projections for the Midwestern United States predict southerly climates to shift northward. These shifts in climate could alter distributions of species across North America through changes in climate (i.e., temperature and precipitation), or through climate-induced changes on land cover. Our objective was to determine the relative impacts of land cover and climate on the abundance of five bird species in the Central United States that have habitat requirements ranging from grassland and shrubland to forest. We substituted space for time to examine potential impacts of a changing climate by assessing climate and land cover relationships over a broad latitudinal gradient. We found positive and negative relationships of climate and land cover factors with avian abundances. Habitat variables drove patterns of abundance in migratory and resident species, although climate was also influential in predicting abundance for some species occupying more open habitat (i.e., prairie warbler, blue-winged warbler, and northern bobwhite). Abundance of northern bobwhite increased with winter temperature and was the species exhibiting the most significant effect of climate. Models for birds primarily occupying early successional habitats performed better with a combination of habitat and climate variables whereas models of species found in contiguous forest performed best with land cover alone. These varied species-specific responses present unique challenges to land managers trying to balance species conservation over a variety of land covers. Management activities focused on increasing forest cover may play a role in mitigating effects of future climate by providing habitat refugia to species vulnerable to projected changes. Conservation efforts would be best served focusing on areas with high species abundances and an array of habitats. Future work managing forests for resilience and resistance to climate change could benefit species already susceptible to climate impacts. C1 [LeBrun, Jaymi J.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III; Dijak, William D.] Univ Missouri, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 202 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP LeBrun, JJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jjl59a@mail.missouri.edu RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; Department of Interior Northeast Climate Science Center graduate fellowship FX We thank the many volunteers collecting North American Breeding Bird Survey counts, without whose efforts this study would not have been possible. Funding for this work was provided by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station and a Department of Interior Northeast Climate Science Center graduate fellowship. Any use of trade, product, or firm names are for descriptive purposes only and do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Contents of the manuscript are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent views of the U.S. Government. This manuscript is submitted for publication with the understanding that the U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes. NR 96 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 6 AR e01359 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1359 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP5GA UT WOS:000378523100023 ER PT J AU Ross, BE Haukos, D Hagen, C Pitman, J AF Ross, Beth E. Haukos, David Hagen, Christian Pitman, James TI The relative contribution of climate to changes in lesser prairie-chicken abundance SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE climate change; drought; lesser prairie-chicken; population model; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; POPULATION-SIZE; SURVIVAL; CONSEQUENCES; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; SELECTION; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; DROUGHT AB Managing for species using current weather patterns fails to incorporate the uncertainty associated with future climatic conditions; without incorporating potential changes in climate into conservation strategies, management and conservation efforts may fall short or waste valuable resources. Understanding the effects of climate change on species in the Great Plains of North America is especially important, as this region is projected to experience an increased magnitude of climate change. Of particular ecological and conservation interest is the lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus), which was listed as "threatened" under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in May 2014. We used Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify the effects of extreme climatic events (extreme values of the Palmer Drought Severity Index [PDSI]) relative to intermediate (changes in El Nino Southern Oscillation) and long-term climate variability (changes in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation) on trends in lesser prairie-chicken abundance from 1981 to 2014. Our results indicate that lesser prairie-chicken abundance on leks responded to environmental conditions of the year previous by positively responding to wet springs (high PDSI) and negatively to years with hot, dry summers (low PDSI), but had little response to variation in the El Nino Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Additionally, greater variation in abundance on leks was explained by variation in site relative to broad-scale climatic indices. Consequently, lesser prairie-chicken abundance on leks in Kansas is more strongly influenced by extreme drought events during summer than other climatic conditions, which may have negative consequences for the population as drought conditions intensify throughout the Great Plains. C1 [Ross, Beth E.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Haukos, David] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Hagen, Christian] Oregon State Univ, Bend, OR 97702 USA. [Pitman, James] Western Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. [Ross, Beth E.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Ross, BE (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.; Ross, BE (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM bross5@clemson.edu FU Kansas Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism [KS W-73-R-3]; USDA Farm Services CRP Monitoring, Assessment, and Evaluation [KSCFWRU RWO 62, 12-IA-MRE CRP TA7]; USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service through the Lesser Prairie Chicken Initiative FX Earlier drafts of this manuscript were improved with comments by D. Dahlgren, L. Martin, M. Pendergast, J. Sutton, S. Supp, and E. Weiser and six anonymous reviewers. We thank J. Kramer, M. Mitchener, D. Dahlgren, J. Predergast, and S. Hyberg for their assistance with the project. Funding for the project was provided by Kansas Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism (Federal Assistance Grant KS W-73-R-3), USDA Farm Services CRP Monitoring, Assessment, and Evaluation (12-IA-MRE CRP TA#7, KSCFWRU RWO 62), and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service through the Lesser Prairie Chicken Initiative. We thank the biologists from the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism for collecting the lek survey data. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 6 AR e01323 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1323 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP5GA UT WOS:000378523100013 ER PT J AU Faulds, JE Schreiber, BC Langenheim, VE Hinz, NH Shaw, TH Heizler, MT Perkins, ME El Tabakh, M Kunk, MJ AF Faulds, James E. Schreiber, B. Charlotte Langenheim, Victoria E. Hinz, Nicholas H. Shaw, Thomas H. Heizler, Matthew T. Perkins, Michael E. El Tabakh, Mohamed Kunk, Michael J. TI Paleogeographic implications of late Miocene lacustrine and nonmarine evaporite deposits in the Lake Mead region: Immediate precursors to the Colorado River SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; HILLS DETACHMENT FAULT; GRAND-CANYON REGION; VALLEY SHEAR ZONE; RANGE PROVINCE; NORTHWESTERN ARIZONA; SOUTHERN NEVADA; LAS-VEGAS; BOUSE FORMATION; SOUTHEASTERN NEVADA AB Thick late Miocene nonmarine evaporite (mainly halite and gypsum) and related lacustrine limestone deposits compose the upper basin fill in half grabens within the Lake Mead region of the Basin and Range Province directly west of the Colorado Plateau in southern Nevada and northwestern Arizona. Regional relations and geochronologic data indicate that these deposits are late synextensional to postextensional (ca. 12-5 Ma), with major extension bracketed between ca. 16 and 9 Ma and the abrupt western margin of the Colorado Plateau established by ca. 9 Ma. Significant accommodation space in the half grabens allowed for deposition of late Miocene lacustrine and evaporite sediments. Concurrently, waning extension promoted integration of initially isolated basins, progressive enlargement of drainage nets, and development of broad, low gradient plains and shallow water bodies with extensive clastic, carbonate, and/or evaporite sedimentation. The continued subsidence of basins under restricted conditions also allowed for the preservation of particularly thick, localized evaporite sequences prior to development of the through-going Colorado River. The spatial and temporal patterns of deposition indicate increasing amounts of freshwater input during the late Miocene (ca. 12-6 Ma) immediately preceding arrival of the Colorado River between ca. 5.6 and 4.9 Ma. In axial basins along and proximal to the present course of the Colorado River, evaporite deposition (mainly gypsum) transitioned to lacustrine limestone progressively from east to west, beginning ca. 12-11 Ma in the Grand Wash Trough in the east and shortly after ca. 5.6 Ma in the western Lake Mead region. In several satellite basins to both the north and south of the axial basins, evaporite deposition was more extensive, with thick halite (>200 m to 2.5 km thick) accumulating in the Hualapai, Overton Arm, and northern Detrital basins. Gravity and magnetic lows suggest that thick halite may also lie within the northern Grand Wash, Mesquite, southern Detrital, and northeastern Las Vegas basins. New tephrochronologic data indicate that the upper part of the halite in the Hualapai basin is ca. 5.6 Ma, with rates of deposition of similar to 190-450 m/m. y., assuming that deposition ceased approximately coincidental with the arrival of the Colorado River. A 2.5-km-thick halite sequence in the Hualapai basin may have accumulated in similar to 5-7 m. y. or ca. 12-5 Ma, which coincides with lacustrine limestone deposition near the present course of the Colorado River in the region. The distribution and similar age of the limestone and evaporite deposits in the region suggest a system of late Miocene axial lakes and extensive continental playas and salt pans. The playas and salt pans were probably fed by both groundwater discharge and evaporation from shallow lakes, as evidenced by sedimentary textures. The elevated terrain of the Colorado Plateau was likely a major source of water that fed the lakes and playas. The physical relationships in the Lake Mead region suggest that thick nonmarine evaporites are more likely to be late synextensional and accumulate in basins with relatively large catchments proximal to developing river systems or broad elevated terranes. Other basins adjacent to the lower Colorado River downstream of Lake Mead, such as the Dutch Flat, Blythe-McCoy, and Yuma basins, may also contain thick halite deposits. C1 [Faulds, James E.; Hinz, Nicholas H.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Schreiber, B. Charlotte] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Langenheim, Victoria E.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Shaw, Thomas H.] LK Energy, 1729 Harold St, Houston, TX 77098 USA. [Heizler, Matthew T.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Perkins, Michael E.] 2025 E White Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84109 USA. [El Tabakh, Mohamed] 7154-78 71st Ave, Queens, NY 11367 USA. [Kunk, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Faulds, JE (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM jfaulds@unr.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR99-10977, EAR04-09913]; EDMAP program of the U.S. Geological Survey [1434-HQ-97-AG-07146]; Unocal; LK Energy FX This work was funded by a variety of sources over several years, including grants awarded to Faulds from the National Science Foundation (EAR99-10977 and EAR04-09913) and EDMAP program of the U.S. Geological Survey (Cooperative agreement #1434-HQ-97-AG-07146). In addition, Unocal and LK Energy partially funded some of the research on the halite deposits. The U.S. Geological Survey in Las Vegas kindly provided a field vehicle for substantial amounts of this work, for which we thank Gary Dixon and Peter Rowley. We also thank the National Park Service at the Lake Mead National Recreation Area for extensive logistical support over many field seasons, including boat access into remote areas. Kent Turner and Darlene Carnes with the Lake Mead National Recreation Area were especially helpful. We also greatly appreciate Mark Odegard, Grizzly Geosciences, Inc., and Bill Cathey, Earthfield Technology, for drawing our attention to and demonstrating the utility of gravity and magnetic data in delineating salt bodies in these basins. This research has also benefited from fruitful discussions with Jon Spencer, Sue Beard, Kyle House, Keith Howard, Gary Dixon, and Mark Wallace. We also thank David Davis at the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology for discovering obscure reports describing drill holes in the Lake Mead area and Holly McLachlan for assistance with preparing figures portraying 3D perspectives of the wells. Reviews by Melissa Lamb, Dave Miller, Karl Karlstrom, and an anonymous individual greatly improved this manuscript. NR 187 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JUN PY 2016 VL 12 IS 3 BP 721 EP 767 DI 10.1130/GES01143.1 PG 47 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP9QI UT WOS:000378831100005 ER PT J AU Hereford, R Beard, LS Dickinson, WR Karlstrom, KE Heizler, MT Crossey, LJ Amoroso, L House, PK Pecha, M AF Hereford, Richard Beard, L. Sue Dickinson, William R. Karlstrom, Karl E. Heizler, Matthew T. Crossey, Laura J. Amoroso, Lee House, P. Kyle Pecha, Mark TI Reevaluation of the Crooked Ridge River-Early Pleistocene (ca. 2 Ma) age and origin of the White Mesa alluvium, northeastern Arizona SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID COLORADO RIVER; GRAND-CANYON; VOLCANIC FIELD; LAKE SPILLOVER; GLEN CANYON; INCISION; PLATEAU; EVOLUTION; TUFF; MOUNTAINS AB Essential features of the previously named and described Miocene Crooked Ridge River in northeastern Arizona (USA) are reexamined using new geologic and geochronologic data. Previously it was proposed that Cenozoic alluvium at Crooked Ridge and southern White Mesa was pre-early Miocene, the product of a large, vigorous late Paleogene river draining the 35-23 Ma San Juan Mountains volcanic field of southwestern Colorado. The paleoriver probably breeched the Kaibab uplift and was considered important in the early evolution of the Colorado River and Grand Canyon. In this paper, we reexamine the character and age of these Cenozoic deposits. The alluvial record originally used to propose the hypothetical paleoriver is best exposed on White Mesa, providing the informal name White Mesa alluvium. The alluvium is 20-50 m thick and is in the bedrock-bound White Mesa paleovalley system, which comprises 5 tributary paleochannels. Gravel composition, detrital zircon data, and paleochannel orientation indicate that sediment originated mainly from local Cretaceous bedrock north, northeast, and south of White Mesa. Sedimentologic and fossil evidence imply alluviation in a low-energy suspended sediment fluvial system with abundant fine-grained overbank deposits, indicating a local channel system rather than a vigorous braided river with distant headwaters. The alluvium contains exotic gravel clasts of Proterozoic basement and rare Oligocene volcanic clasts as well as Oligocene-Miocene detrital sanidine related to multiple caldera eruptions of the San Juan Mountains and elsewhere. These exotic clasts and sanidine likely came from ancient rivers draining the San Juan Mountains. However, in this paper we show that the White Mesa alluvium is early Pleistocene (ca. 2 Ma) rather than pre-early Miocene. Combined 40Ar/39Ar dating of an interbedded tuff and detrital sanidine ages show that the basal White Mesa alluvium was deposited at 1.993 +/- 0.002 Ma, consistent with a detrital sanidine maximum depositional age of 2.02 +/- 0.02 Ma. Geomorphic relations show that the White Mesa alluvium is older than inset gravels that are interbedded with 1.2-0.8 Ma Bishop-Glass Mountain tuff. The new ca. 2 Ma age for the White Mesa alluvium refutes the hypothesis of a large regional Miocene(?) Crooked Ridge paleoriver that predated carving of the Grand Canyon. Instead, White Mesa paleodrainage was the northernmost extension of the ancestral Little Colorado River drainage basin. This finding is important for understanding Colorado River evolution because it provides a datum for quantifying rapid post-2 Ma regional denudation of the Grand Canyon region. C1 [Hereford, Richard; Beard, L. Sue; Amoroso, Lee; House, P. Kyle] US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Dickinson, William R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, 1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Karlstrom, Karl E.; Crossey, Laura J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 221 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Heizler, Matthew T.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, New Mexico Geochronol Res Lab, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Pecha, Mark] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Arizona Laserchron Ctr, 1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hereford, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM rhereford@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation from the Tectonics Program [EAR-1119629, EAR-1348007] FX Coauthor W.R. Dickinson died unexpectedly shortly before completion of this paper. His contributions to this research were numerous and invaluable, and we sorely miss his cogent, pithy communications. Two anonymous reviewers and Keith A. Howard provided critical reviews that substantially improved the content and readability of the manuscript. John Vogel helped us conduct a high-resolution global positioning system survey of the Blue Point area. Steven Semken took us on several informative field trips in and around the study area. Analytical support was partly from National Science Foundation grants EAR-1119629 and EAR-1348007 from the Tectonics Program (to Karlstrom). In particular we thank the Navajo Nation Minerals Department and Hopi Nation Cultural Preservation Office for permission to conduct geological research on Navajo Nation and Hopi Nation territories. Anyone wishing to work on Navajo or Hopi Tribal Lands must obtain a permit. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JUN PY 2016 VL 12 IS 3 BP 768 EP 789 DI 10.1130/GES01124.1 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP9QI UT WOS:000378831100006 ER PT J AU Langenheim, VE Jachens, RC Muffler, LJP Clynne, MA AF Langenheim, V. E. Jachens, R. C. Muffler, L. J. P. Clynne, M. A. TI Implications for the structure of the Hat Creek fault and transfer of right-lateral shear from the Walker Lane north of Lassen Peak, northern California, from gravity and magnetic data SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CASCADE RANGE; PLATE BOUNDARY; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; QUATERNARY FAULTS; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; EVOLUTION; NEVADA; ARC; EARTHQUAKE; TECTONICS AB Interpretation of magnetic and new gravity data provides constraints on the geometry of the Hat Creek fault, the amount of right-lateral offset in the area between Mount Shasta and Lassen Peak (northern California, USA), and confirmation of the influence of preexisting structure on Quaternary faulting. Neogene volcanic rocks coincide with short-wavelength magnetic anomalies of both normal and reversed polarity, whereas a markedly smoother magnetic field occurs over the Klamath Mountains and Paleogene cover there. Although the magnetic field over the Neogene volcanic rocks is complex, the Hat Creek fault, which is one of the most prominent normal faults in the region and forms the eastern margin of the Hat Creek Valley, is marked by the eastern edge of a north-trending magnetic and gravity high 20-30 km long. Modeling of these anomalies indicates that the fault is a steeply dipping (similar to 75 degrees-85 degrees) structure. The spatial relationship of the fault as modeled by the potential-field data, the youngest strand of the fault, and relocated seismicity suggest that deformation continues to step westward across the valley, consistent with a component of right-lateral slip in an extensional environment. Filtered aeromagnetic data highlight a concealed magnetic body of Mesozoic or older age north of Hat Creek Valley. The body's northwest margin strikes northeast and is linear over a distance of similar to 40 km. Within the resolution of the aeromagnetic data (1-2 km), we discern no right-lateral offset of this body. Furthermore, Quaternary faults change strike or appear to end, as if to avoid this concealed magnetic body and to pass along its southeast edge, suggesting that preexisting crustal structure influenced younger faulting, as previously proposed based on gravity data. C1 [Langenheim, V. E.; Jachens, R. C.; Muffler, L. J. P.; Clynne, M. A.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Langenheim, VE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM zulanger@usgs.gov FU Pacific Gas and Electric Company; National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX We acknowledge financial support by the Pacific Gas and Electric Company and the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Carson McPherson-Krutsky provided valuable field assistance, generously volunteering for field work after her internship with the USGS ended, and we thank Katherine (Kyeti) Morgan, a USGS intern, who helped with additional field work and physical property measurements. Reviews by Rick Blakely, Simon Kattenhorn, Cathy Busby, and an anonymous reviewer greatly helped improve the paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JUN PY 2016 VL 12 IS 3 BP 790 EP 808 DI 10.1130/GES01253.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP9QI UT WOS:000378831100007 ER PT J AU Colgan, JP Stanley, RG AF Colgan, Joseph P. Stanley, Richard G. TI The Point Sal-Point Piedras Blancas correlation and the problem of slip on the San Gregorio-Hosgri fault, central California Coast Ranges SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID CENOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION; DETRITAL-ZIRCON; MARIA BASIN; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NEOGENE DEFORMATION; NACIMIENTO FAULT; SALINIAN BLOCK; ANDREAS FAULT; STRIKE-SLIP; FORE-ARC AB Existing models for large-magnitude, right-lateral slip on the San -GregorioHosgri fault system imply much more deformation of the onshore block in the Santa Maria basin than is supported by geologic data. This problem is resolved by a model in which dextral slip on this fault system increases gradually from 0-10 km near Point Arguello to similar to 150 km at Cape San Martin, but such a model requires abandoning the cross-fault tie between Point Sal and Point Piedras Blancas, which requires 90-100 km of right-lateral slip on the southern Hosgri fault. We collected stratigraphic and detrital zircon data from Miocene clastic rocks overlying Jurassic basement at both localities to determine if either section contained unique characteristics that could establish how far apart they were in the early Miocene. Our data indicate that these basins formed in the early Miocene during a period of widespread transtensional basin formation in the central Coast Ranges, and they filled with sediment derived from nearby pre-Cenozoic basement rocks. Although detrital zircon data do not indicate a unique source component in either section, they establish the maximum depositional age of the previously undated Point Piedras Blancas section to be 18 Ma. We also show that detrital zircon trace-element data can be used to discriminate between zircons of oceanic crust and arc affinity of the same age, a potentially useful tool in future studies of the California Coast Ranges. Overall, we find no characteristics in the stratigraphy and provenance of the Point Sal and Point Piedras Blancas sections that are sufficiently unique to prove whether they were far apart or close together in the early Miocene, making them of questionable utility as piercing points. C1 [Colgan, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Stanley, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Colgan, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jcolgan@usgs.gov OI Colgan, Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436 FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. Vicki Langenheim, Russell Graymer, and Michelle Roberts assisted us in the field with sample collection. We thank the California Department of Parks and Recreation for allowing us to collect samples on state park lands near San Simeon, and Kathleen Gerber for facilitating access to Vandenberg Air Force Base. We are grateful to Joseph Wooden, Jorge Vazquez, and Matthew Coble for help with the U-Pb dating and data reduction. Vicki Langenheim reviewed an early draft of the manuscript. Glenn Sharman, Carl Jacobson, David Barbeau, and the late William Dickinson provided insightful comments during the journal review process. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JUN PY 2016 VL 12 IS 3 BP 971 EP 984 DI 10.1130/GES01289.1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP9QI UT WOS:000378831100015 ER PT J AU Maier, KL Crundwell, MP Coble, MA King, PR Graham, SA AF Maier, K. L. Crundwell, M. P. Coble, M. A. King, P. R. Graham, S. A. TI Refined depositional history and dating of the Tongaporutuan reference section, north Taranaki, New Zealand: new volcanic ash U-Pb zircon ages, biostratigraphy and sedimentation rates SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Bioevents; bolboformids; foraminifera; Mohakatino Formation; Mount Messenger Formation; sedimentation rates; Tongaporutuan stratotype; U-Pb zircon dating; Urenui formation; volcanic ash ID HYDROCARBON GENERATION; MESSENGER FORMATION; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; FORAMINIFERAL DATA; TASMAN SEA; BASIN; MIOCENE; SLOPE; EVOLUTION; RECORD AB This study presents new radiometric ages from volcanic ash beds within a c. 1900 m thick, progradational, deep-water clastic slope succession of late Miocene age exposed along the north Taranaki coast of the North Island, New Zealand. The ash beds yield U-Pb zircon ages ranging from 10.63 +/- 0.65Ma to 8.97 +/- 0.22Ma. The new ages are compatible with and provide corroboration of New Zealand Tongaporutuan Stage planktic foraminiferal and bolboformid biostratigraphic events identified in the same section. The close accord between these two age datasets provides a stratigraphically consistent and coherent basis for examining margin evolution. The arrival of a prograding clastic wedge and ensuing upward shoaling is recorded by sedimentation rates c.2000m/Ma(-1) that are an order of magnitude higher than sedimentation rates on the precursor deep basin floor. This outcrop study provides new constraints for interpreting analogous subsurface deposits in Taranaki Basin and complements the regional late Miocene biostratigraphic dating framework. C1 [Maier, K. L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Crundwell, M. P.; King, P. R.] GNS Sci, Resources Div, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Coble, M. A.; Graham, S. A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Maier, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM kcoble@usgs.gov OI Coble, Matthew/0000-0002-7536-0559 FU Stanford Project on Deep-water Depositional Systems (SPODDS); Stanford University McGee Grant; SPODDS; New Zealand Foundation of Research Science and Technology [C05X0302] FX This research was funded by industry affiliates of the Stanford Project on Deep-water Depositional Systems (SPODDS). Funding for U-Pb analyses was provided by a Stanford University McGee Grant and SPODDS. Funding for authors affiliated with GNS Science was provided by the New Zealand Foundation of Research Science and Technology, Contract C05X0302. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-8306 EI 1175-8791 J9 NEW ZEAL J GEOL GEOP JI N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 59 IS 2 BP 313 EP 329 DI 10.1080/00288306.2015.1132744 PG 17 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP6UJ UT WOS:000378634200007 ER PT J AU Roberts, JH Anderson, GB Angermeier, PL AF Roberts, James H. Anderson, Gregory B. Angermeier, Paul L. TI A Long-Term Study of Ecological Impacts of River Channelization on the Population of an Endangered Fish: Lessons Learned for Assessment and Restoration SO WATER LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; BACI; conceptual model; endangered species; monitoring ID HABITAT CONSERVATION PLANS; LOGPERCH PERCINA-REX; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; STREAM RESTORATION; FRESH-WATER; STATISTICAL POWER; ROANOKE LOGPERCH; DETECTION ERROR; LAND-USE; TIME AB Projects to assess environmental impact or restoration success in rivers focus on project-specific questions but can also provide valuable insights for future projects. Both restoration actions and impact assessments can become "adaptive" by using the knowledge gained from long-term monitoring and analysis to revise the actions, monitoring, conceptual model, or interpretation of findings so that subsequent actions or assessments are better informed. Assessments of impact or restoration success are especially challenging when the indicators of interest are imperiled species and/or the impacts being addressed are complex. From 1997 to 2015, we worked closely with two federal agencies to monitor habitat availability for and population density of Roanoke logperch (Percina rex), an endangered fish, in a 24-km-long segment of the upper Roanoke River, VA. We primarily used a Before-After-Control-Impact analytical framework to assess potential impacts of a river channelization project on the P. rex population. In this paper, we summarize how our extensive monitoring facilitated the evolution of our (a) conceptual understanding of the ecosystem and fish population dynamics; (b) choices of ecological indicators and analytical tools; and (c) conclusions regarding the magnitude, mechanisms, and significance of observed impacts. Our experience with this case study taught us important lessons about how to adaptively develop and conduct a monitoring program, which we believe are broadly applicable to assessments of environmental impact and restoration success in other rivers. In particular, we learned that (a) pre-treatment planning can enhance monitoring effectiveness, help avoid unforeseen pitfalls, and lead to more robust conclusions; (b) developing adaptable conceptual and analytical models early was crucial to organizing our knowledge, guiding our study design, and analyzing our data; (c) catchment-wide processes that we did not monitor, or initially consider, had profound implications for interpreting our findings; and (d) using multiple analytical frameworks, with varying assumptions, led to clearer interpretation of findings than the use of a single framework alone. Broader integration of these guiding principles into monitoring studies, though potentially challenging, could lead to more scientifically defensible assessments of project effects. C1 [Roberts, James H.] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30458 USA. [Anderson, Gregory B.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 20461 USA. [Angermeier, Paul L.] US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 20461 USA. [Anderson, Gregory B.] Environm Solut & Innovat Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45232 USA. RP Angermeier, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 20461 USA. EM jhroberts@georgiasouthern.edu; gba@vt.edu; biota@vt.edu FU USACE; Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Virginia Tech. [11-035-FIW] FX We thank the USACE for funding much of this work, the USACE and USFWS for their willingness to adapt models and monitoring protocols as new information came to light, and dozens of technicians for assistance with fieldwork over the years, which was carried out under the auspices of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol 11-035-FIW at Virginia Tech. Brett Albanese, Bill Ensign, Greg Galbreath, Amanda Rosenberger, and Barbara Blood were particularly influential in the development, implementation, and evolution of this study. The Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and Wildlife Management Institute. Use of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 106 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 16 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD JUN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 6 AR 240 DI 10.3390/w8060240 PG 38 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DP9XN UT WOS:000378851300024 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Budahn, JR Skipp, GL McGeehin, JP AF Muhs, Daniel R. Budahn, James R. Skipp, Gary L. McGeehin, John P. TI Geochemical evidence for seasonal controls on the transportation of Holocene loess, Matanuska Valley, southern Alaska, USA SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Loess; Holocene; Matanuska river; Knik river; Alaska; Geochemistry ID LATE QUATERNARY LOESS; LAST GLACIATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; C-14 DATA; DUST; DEPOSITION; ICELAND; EVOLUTION; NEBRASKA; CLIMATE AB Loess is a widespread Quaternary deposit in Alaska and loess accretion occurs today in some regions, such as the Matanuska Valley. The source of loess in the Matanuska Valley has been debated for more than seven decades, with the Knik River and the Matanuska River, both to the east, being the leading candidates and the Susitna River, to the west, as a less favorable source. We report here new stratigraphic, mineralogic, and geochemical data that test the competing hypotheses of these river sources. Loess thickness data are consistent with previous studies that show that a source or sources lay to the east, which rules out the Susitna River as a source. Knik and Matanuska River silts can be distinguished using Sc-Th-La, La-N/Yb-N vs. Eu/Eu*, Cr/Sc, and As/Sb. Matanuska Valley loess falls clearly within the range of values for these ratios found in Matanuska River silt. Dust storms from the Matanuska River are most common in autumn, when river discharge is at a minimum and silt-rich point bars are exposed, wind speed from the north is beginning to increase after a low-velocity period in summer, snow depth is still minimal, and soil temperatures are still above freezing. Thus, seasonal changes in climate and hydrology emerge as critical factors in the timing of aeolian silt transport in southern Alaska. These findings could be applicable to understanding seasonal controls on Pleistocene loess accretion in Europe, New Zealand, South America, and elsewhere in North America. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Muhs, Daniel R.; Budahn, James R.; Skipp, Gary L.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov FU Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was supported by the Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Jossh Beann (U.S. Geological Survey, retired) and Zachary Muhs Rowland (U.S. Geological Survey volunteer) assisted with field work. We thank Jeff Pigati, Eugene S. Schweig, and Randy Updike (all U.S. Geological Survey) and Dick Reger (Reger's Geologic Consulting, Soldotna, Alaska) for helpful discussions. Dick Reger, Jeff Pigati, Mark Sweeney (University of South Dakota), Janet Slate (U.S. Geological Survey), and an anonymous reviewer offered very constructive comments on an earlier draft of the paper. Paco Van Sistine (U.S. Geological Survey) prepared most of Fig. 2, which we appreciate. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 EI 2212-1684 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 21 BP 61 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.02.005 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA DP3YL UT WOS:000378432000006 ER PT J AU Knisley, CB Drummond, M McCann, J AF Knisley, C. Barry Drummond, Michael McCann, James TI POPULATION TRENDS OF THE NORTHEASTERN BEACH TIGER BEETLE, CICINDELA DORSALIS DORSALIS SAY (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE: CICINDELINAE) IN VIRGINIA AND MARYLAND, 1980S THROUGH 2014 SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE conservation; population trends; shoreline armoring; shoreline erosion AB This paper presents trends in abundance of adults of Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis Say at all known sites along the Chesapeake Bay shoreline from the 1980s and 1990s through 2014 and provides evidence for causes of these trends. This subspecies was listed as Threatened by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1990 because of its extirpation from nearly all of its range north of Maryland and the lack of protection of Chesapeake Bay sites. Adult numbers were estimated during the period of peak abundance using the visual index count method at all known sites. Overall, we found large declines at the western shoreline sites in Virginia and one of two in Maryland and an increase in numbers at Virginia eastern shore sites. Numbers at five Calvert County sites peaked at 6,000 to over 11,000 from 1988 to 1992, but declined to less than 800 adults at one remaining site since 2004. Numbers at the two Maryland Eastern Shore sites, Janes and Cedar Islands, peaked in 2002 at 6,094 at Janes Island and over 2,464 at Cedar Island. From 2009 to 2014, numbers increased progressively to 1,893 at Cedar Island while decreasing at Janes Island to 723. The first two comprehensive surveys of Virginia's western Chesapeake Bay shoreline found over 26,000 adult C. dorsalis dorsalis in 1998 and over 33,000 in 2001 at over 60 sites. These numbers declined to less than 10,000 adults at 34 sites in 2014. By contrast, numbers along Virginia's eastern shoreline increased from a total of 32,143 adults at 35 sites in 1999 to 46,082 at 30 sites in 2009. Observations at these sites over the years provid evidence that the primary causes of declines are shoreline recession from storms, other erosional events and sea level rise, and the addition of shoreline erosion control structures. Human activity and natural enemies were also considered to be important limiting factors at some sites. Much additional study is needed to more conclusively demonstrate the causative factors. C1 [Knisley, C. Barry] 1510 Beaverdam Ck Rd, Crozier, VA 23039 USA. [Drummond, Michael] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Virginia Field Off, 6669 Short Lane, Gloucester, VA 23061 USA. [McCann, James] UMCES Appalachian Lab, Maryland Dept Nat Resources, 301 Braddock Rd, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. RP Knisley, CB (reprint author), 1510 Beaverdam Ck Rd, Crozier, VA 23039 USA. FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Virginia Field Office; Maryland DNR FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). Funding for most of these studies was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay and Virginia Field Offices, and the Maryland DNR. It is important we acknowledge the assistance we received over the years by current and past biologists from the Service's Chesapeake Bay and Virginia Field Offices, James Hill, and Ryan Knisley who all provided essential support with the surveys. Their dedication to the resources made it possible to carry out the surveys imperative to the management and conservation of the northeastern beach tiger beetle. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X EI 1938-4394 J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 70 IS 2 BP 255 EP 271 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA DO9BH UT WOS:000378078800006 ER PT J AU Hmielowski, TL Carter, SK Spaul, H Helmers, D Radeloff, VC Zedler, P AF Hmielowski, Tracy L. Carter, Sarah K. Spaul, Hannah Helmers, David Radeloff, Volker C. Zedler, Paul TI Prioritizing land management efforts at a landscape scale: a case study using prescribed fire in Wisconsin SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation planning; cost-benefit analysis; land management; LANDFIRE; wildlife action plan; Wisconsin; USA ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; CONSERVATION PRIORITIES; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; DEPENDENT ECOSYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; OAK SAVANNA; VEGETATION; SCIENCE; HISTORY; INVESTMENT AB One challenge in the effort to conserve biodiversity is identifying where to prioritize resources for active land management. Cost-benefit analyses have been used successfully as a conservation tool to identify sites that provide the greatest conservation benefit per unit cost. Our goal was to apply cost-benefit analysis to the question of how to prioritize land management efforts, in our case the application of prescribed fire to natural landscapes in Wisconsin, USA. We quantified and mapped frequently burned communities and prioritized management units based on a suite of indices that captured ecological benefits, management effort, and the feasibility of successful long-term management actions. Data for these indices came from LANDFIRE, Wisconsin's Wildlife Action Plan, and a nationwide wildland-urban interface assessment. We found that the majority of frequently burned vegetation types occurred in the southern portion of the state. However, the highest priority areas for applying prescribed fire occurred in the central, northwest, and northeast portion of the state where frequently burned vegetation patches were larger and where identified areas of high biological importance area occurred. Although our focus was on the use of prescribed fire in Wisconsin, our methods can be adapted to prioritize other land management activities. Such prioritization is necessary to achieve the greatest possible benefits from limited funding for land management actions, and our results show that it is feasible at scales that are relevant for land management decisions. C1 [Hmielowski, Tracy L.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Tallgrass Prairie & Oak Savanna Fire Sci Consort, 70 Sci Hall,550 N Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Carter, Sarah K.; Helmers, David; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, SILVIS Lab, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Spaul, Hannah] Nature Conservancy, Wisconsin Chapter, 633 W Main St, Madison, WI 53703 USA. [Zedler, Paul] Univ Wisconsin, Arboretum & Nelson Inst Environm Studies, 70 Sci Hall,550 N Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Carter, Sarah K.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hmielowski, TL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Tallgrass Prairie & Oak Savanna Fire Sci Consort, 70 Sci Hall,550 N Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM thmielowski.tpos.firescience@gmail.com FU McIntire-Stennis Fellowship,; PEO Scholar Award; NSF-IGERT [DGE-1144752] FX We gratefully acknowledge support for Sarah Carter by a McIntire-Stennis Fellowship, PEO Scholar Award, and NSF-IGERT award DGE-1144752. The Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies and the SILVIS Lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison provided in-kind support. We thank our stakeholder team and local experts (listed alphabetically) P. Charland, E. Epstein, T. Gallagher, S. Hagen, R. Henderson, B. Hutnick, Y. Johnson, M. Lucas, J. McGowan-Stinski, J. Meunier, R. O'Connor, J. Saunders, J. Szymaniak, J. Wagner, and M. Zine for their time and assistance in this process. R. Swaty and J. Smith with LANDFIRE assisted in answering questions relating to the vegetation data. Y. Johnson provided comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. We acknowledge N. Fayram, who initiated the partnership between the Tallgrass Prairie and Oak Savanna Fire Science Consortium and the SILVIS Lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Two anonymous reviewers provided many valuable and constructive comments that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1018 EP 1029 DI 10.1890/15-0509 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9GK UT WOS:000378092900005 PM 27509745 ER PT J AU Fuller, AK Sutherland, CS Royle, JA Hare, MP AF Fuller, Angela K. Sutherland, Chris S. Royle, J. Andrew Hare, Matthew P. TI Estimating population density and connectivity of American mink using spatial capture-recapture SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE abundance; American mink; animal movement; connectivity; density; non-invasive genetics; scat detection dog; spatial capture-recapture ID MUSTELA-VISON; INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION; LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; HABITAT PREFERENCES; GENOTYPING ERRORS; STREAM NETWORKS; CONSERVATION; SELECTION; MUSKRAT; DYNAMICS AB Estimating the abundance or density of populations is fundamental to the conservation and management of species, and as landscapes become more fragmented, maintaining landscape connectivity has become one of the most important challenges for biodiversity conservation. Yet these two issues have never been formally integrated together in a model that simultaneously models abundance while accounting for connectivity of a landscape. We demonstrate an application of using capture-recapture to develop a model of animal density using a least-cost path model for individual encounter probability that accounts for non-Euclidean connectivity in a highly structured network. We utilized scat detection dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) as a means of collecting non-invasive genetic samples of American mink (Neovison vison) individuals and used spatial capture-recapture models (SCR) to gain inferences about mink population density and connectivity. Density of mink was not constant across the landscape, but rather increased with increasing distance from city, town, or village centers, and mink activity was associated with water. The SCR model allowed us to estimate the density and spatial distribution of individuals across a 388 km(2) area. The model was used to investigate patterns of space usage and to evaluate covariate effects on encounter probabilities, including differences between sexes. This study provides an application of capture-recapture models based on ecological distance, allowing us to directly estimate landscape connectivity. This approach should be widely applicable to provide simultaneous direct estimates of density, space usage, and landscape connectivity for many species. C1 [Fuller, Angela K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 211 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sutherland, Chris S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Bruckner Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Hare, Matthew P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, 205 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sutherland, Chris S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, 118 Holdsworth Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Fuller, AK (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 211 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM angela.fuller@cornell.edu OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU NSF [1059284, 0832782]; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; Hudson River Natural Resource Trustees FX The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for comments on a draft of this manuscript. We are thankful to Harmony Borchardt-Wier for assistance with genetic analyses. We thank the many landowners who allowed us access to their lands to search for mink scats and to Conservation Canines for employing their highly efficient dogs. Part of this research was performed using the ATLAS HPC Cluster, a compute cluster with 672 cores, 4 Tesla M2090 GPU accelerators, supported by NSF grants (Award #1059284 and #0832782). This work was supported by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and the Hudson River Natural Resource Trustees. The conclusions and opinions presented here are those of the authors and the U.S. Geological Survey and do not represent the official position of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, or the Hudson River Natural Resource Trustees. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 35 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1125 EP 1135 DI 10.1890/15-0315 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9GK UT WOS:000378092900013 PM 27509753 ER PT J AU Lonsdorf, EV Thogmartin, WE Jacobi, S Aagaard, K Coppen, J Davis, A Fox, T Heglund, P Johnson, R Jones, MT Kenow, K Lyons, JE Luke, K Still, S Tavernia, B AF Lonsdorf, Eric V. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Jacobi, Sarah Aagaard, Kevin Coppen, Jorge Davis, Amelie Fox, Timothy Heglund, Patricia Johnson, Rex Jones, Malcolm T. Kenow, Kevin Lyons, James E. Luke, Kirsten Still, Shannon Tavernia, Brian TI A generalizable energetics-based model of avian migration to facilitate continental-scale waterbird conservation SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; bird survivorship; conservation; Mallard; migration; migratory birds; North American Wetlands Conservation Act; waterfowl ID NORTH-AMERICAN WATERFOWL; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; SPRING MIGRATION; HABITAT QUALITY; FAT DEPOSITION; STOPOVER SITES; DYNAMIC-MODEL; ANNUAL CYCLE; BIRDS; POPULATIONS AB Conserving migratory birds is made especially difficult because of movement among spatially disparate locations across the annual cycle. In light of challenges presented by the scale and ecology of migratory birds, successful conservation requires integrating objectives, management, and monitoring across scales, from local management units to ecoregional and flyway administrative boundaries. We present an integrated approach using a spatially explicit energetic-based mechanistic bird migration model useful to conservation decision-making across disparate scales and locations. This model moves a Mallard-like bird (Anas platyrhynchos), through spring and fall migration as a function of caloric gains and losses across a continental-scale energy landscape. We predicted with this model that fall migration, where birds moved from breeding to wintering habitat, took a mean of 27.5 d of flight with a mean seasonal survivorship of 90.5% (95% CI = 89.2%, 91.9%), whereas spring migration took a mean of 23.5 d of flight with mean seasonal survivorship of 93.6% (95% CI = 92.5%, 94.7%). Sensitivity analyses suggested that survival during migration was sensitive to flight speed, flight cost, the amount of energy the animal could carry, and the spatial pattern of energy availability, but generally insensitive to total energy availability per se. Nevertheless, continental patterns in the bird-use days occurred principally in relation to wetland cover and agricultural habitat in the fall. Bird-use days were highest in both spring and fall in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley and along the coast and near-shore environments of South Carolina. Spatial sensitivity analyses suggested that locations nearer to migratory endpoints were less important to survivorship; for instance, removing energy from a 1036 km(2) stopover site at a time from the Atlantic Flyway suggested coastal areas between New Jersey and North Carolina, including the Chesapeake Bay and the North Carolina piedmont, are essential locations for efficient migration and increasing survivorship during spring migration but not locations in Ontario and Massachusetts. This sort of spatially explicit information may allow decision-makers to prioritize their conservation actions toward locations most influential to migratory success. Thus, this mechanistic model of avian migration provides a decision-analytic medium integrating the potential consequences of local actions to flyway-scale phenomena. C1 [Lonsdorf, Eric V.; Jacobi, Sarah; Still, Shannon] Chicago Bot Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.; Aagaard, Kevin; Fox, Timothy; Kenow, Kevin] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Coppen, Jorge; Lyons, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Davis, Amelie] Miami Univ, Dept Geog, 213 Shideler Hall, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Davis, Amelie] Miami Univ, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, 213 Shideler Hall, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Heglund, Patricia] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Johnson, Rex] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg Refuges Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team 3, 18965 Cty Highway 82, Fergus Falls, MN 56537 USA. [Jones, Malcolm T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Atlantic Coast Joint Venture, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Luke, Kirsten] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Atlantic Coast Joint Venture, 1601 Balboa Ave, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. [Still, Shannon] Univ Calif Davis, UC Davis Arboretum & Publ Garden, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tavernia, Brian] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Lonsdorf, Eric V.] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Biol, POB 3003, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. RP Lonsdorf, EV (reprint author), Chicago Bot Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA.; Lonsdorf, EV (reprint author), Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Biol, POB 3003, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. EM eric.lonsdorf@fandm.edu RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 109 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 19 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1136 EP 1153 DI 10.1890/14-1947 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9GK UT WOS:000378092900014 PM 27509754 ER PT J AU Hallfors, MH Liao, J Dzurisin, J Grundel, R Hyvarinen, M Towle, K Wu, GC Hellmann, JJ AF Hallfors, Maria Helena Liao, Jishan Dzurisin, Jason Grundel, Ralph Hyvarinen, Marko Towle, Kevin Wu, Grace C. Hellmann, Jessica J. TI Addressing potential local adaptation in species distribution models: implications for conservation under climate change SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity management; conservation effectiveness; environmental niche models; intraspecific variation; Lycaeides melissa samuelis; model uncertainty; Primula nutans var. finmarchica; translocation ID BIOCLIMATE ENVELOPE MODELS; RANGE SHIFTS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NICHE; PREDICTION; RESPONSES; POPULATIONS; PERFORMANCE; PROJECTIONS; EVOLUTION AB Species distribution models (SDMs) have been criticized for involving assumptions that ignore or categorize many ecologically relevant factors such as dispersal ability and biotic interactions. Another potential source of model error is the assumption that species are ecologically uniform in their climatic tolerances across their range. Typically, SDMs treat a species as a single entity, although populations of many species differ due to local adaptation or other genetic differentiation. Not taking local adaptation into account may lead to incorrect range prediction and therefore misplaced conservation efforts. A constraint is that we often do not know the degree to which populations are locally adapted. Lacking experimental evidence, we still can evaluate niche differentiation within a species' range to promote better conservation decisions. We explore possible conservation implications of making type I or type II errors in this context. For each of two species, we construct three separate MaxEnt models, one considering the species as a single population and two of disjunct populations. Principal component analyses and response curves indicate different climate characteristics in the current environments of the populations. Model projections into future climates indicate minimal overlap between areas predicted to be climatically suitable by the whole species vs. population-based models. We present a workflow for addressing uncertainty surrounding local adaptation in SDM application and illustrate the value of conducting population-based models to compare with whole-species models. These comparisons might result in more cautious management actions when alternative range outcomes are considered. C1 [Hallfors, Maria Helena; Hyvarinen, Marko] Univ Helsinki, Finnish Museum Nat Hist, Bot Unit, POB 44, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Liao, Jishan; Dzurisin, Jason; Towle, Kevin; Hellmann, Jessica J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Galvin Life Sci Ctr 100, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Grundel, Ralph] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1574 N 300 E, Chesterton, IN 46304 USA. [Wu, Grace C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hellmann, Jessica J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Environm, 1954 Buford Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hellmann, JJ (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Galvin Life Sci Ctr 100, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.; Hellmann, JJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Inst Environm, 1954 Buford Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM hellmann@umn.edu OI Hyvarinen, Marko/0000-0001-8736-0946 FU LUOVA-Doctoral Programme in Wildlife Biology Research; NSF ACI [1029584]; Climate Change Response Program, U.S. National Park Service FX M. H. Hallfors and J. Liao contributed equally to this research. M. H. Hallfors was supported by LUOVA-Doctoral Programme in Wildlife Biology Research. J. Liao was supported by NSF ACI 1029584. G. C. Wu and J. Dzurisin were supported by funding from the Climate Change Response Program, U.S. National Park Service to R. Grundel and J. J. Hellman. We thank Jamie Kass and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on the manuscript. Sarah Kleppinger helped to compile Karner occurrence data, and we thank the following for occupancy information: Robert Dirig, Wisconsin DNR, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ohio State University, University of Florida, Royal Ontario Museum, Yale Peabody Museum, American Museum of Natural History, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, and the Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature. Raino Lampinen and Terhi Ryttari helped compile occurrence data for the SP. Leena Helynranta assisted with preparing figures. The authors declare no competing interests. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1969 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 75 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 26 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1154 EP 1169 DI 10.1890/15-0926 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9GK UT WOS:000378092900015 PM 27509755 ER PT J AU Dilts, TE Weisberg, PJ Leitner, P Matocq, MD Inman, RD Nussear, KE Esque, TC AF Dilts, Thomas E. Weisberg, Peter J. Leitner, Philip Matocq, Marjorie D. Inman, Richard D. Nussear, Kenneth E. Esque, Todd C. TI Multiscale connectivity and graph theory highlight critical areas for conservation under climate change SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE circuit theory; conservation planning; graph theory; habitat connectivity; habitat network; lattice; least-cost path; Mojave Desert; USA; multiple spatial scales; Xerospermophilus mohavensis ID LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; HETEROGENEOUS LANDSCAPES; POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; HABITAT AVAILABILITY; DISPERSAL CORRIDORS; SPATIAL ECOLOGY; MODELS; RESISTANCE; GENETICS; PATCHES AB Conservation planning and biodiversity management require information on landscape connectivity across a range of spatial scales from individual home ranges to large regions. Reduction in landscape connectivity due changes in land use or development is expected to act synergistically with alterations to habitat mosaic configuration arising from climate change. We illustrate a multiscale connectivity framework to aid habitat conservation prioritization in the context of changing land use and climate. Our approach, which builds upon the strengths of multiple landscape connectivity methods, including graph theory, circuit theory, and least-cost path analysis, is here applied to the conservation planning requirements of the Mohave ground squirrel. The distribution of this threatened Californian species, as for numerous other desert species, overlaps with the proposed placement of several utility-scale renewable energy developments in the American southwest. Our approach uses information derived at three spatial scales to forecast potential changes in habitat connectivity under various scenarios of energy development and climate change. By disentangling the potential effects of habitat loss and fragmentation across multiple scales, we identify priority conservation areas for both core habitat and critical corridor or stepping stone habitats. This approach is a first step toward applying graph theory to analyze habitat connectivity for species with continuously distributed habitat and should be applicable across a broad range of taxa. C1 [Dilts, Thomas E.; Weisberg, Peter J.; Matocq, Marjorie D.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Leitner, Philip] Calif State Univ Stanislaus, Endangered Species Recovery Program, One Univ Circle, Turlock, CA 95382 USA. [Inman, Richard D.; Nussear, Kenneth E.; Esque, Todd C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Dilts, TE (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM tdilts@cabnr.unr.edu FU California Energy Commission; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank R. Scofield (California Bureau of Land Management) and B. Hogan (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) for encouraging us to embark on this research project and for technical support and communications throughout the process. M. Milliron and D. Stoms (California Energy Commission), and S. Jones (U.S. Geological Survey) provided product management and financial resources. Funding was provided by the California Energy Commission. Thanks to L. Flint and A. Flint (U.S. Geological Survey) for providing downscaled climate data. We thank D. Stoms, M. Casazza, N. Stephenson, and J. Heaton for providing reviews on earlier versions of this work. This manuscript was greatly improved by the reviews of Paul Beier, Brownyn Rayfield, and one anonymous reviewer. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. The experiment described here complies with all rules and regulations pertaining to the land and resources where they were performed. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 22 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1223 EP 1237 DI 10.1890/15-0925 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9GK UT WOS:000378092900020 PM 27509760 ER PT J AU Hedouin, LS Wolf, RE Phillips, J Gates, RD AF Hedouin, Laetitia S. Wolf, Ruth E. Phillips, Jeff Gates, Ruth D. TI Improving the ecological relevance of toxicity tests on scleractinian corals: Influence of season, life stage, and seawater temperature SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Toxicology; Coral; Lethal concentration; Metal; Larva ID POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS LINNAEUS; FERTILIZATION SUCCESS; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; MONTIPORA-CAPITATA; COPPER EXPOSURE; TRACE-METALS; LEAD; ZOOXANTHELLAE; POLLUTION AB Metal pollutants in marine systems are broadly acknowledged as deleterious: however, very little data exist for tropical scleractinian corals. We address this gap by investigating how life-history stage, season and thermal stress influence the toxicity of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in the coral Pocillopora damicornis. Our results show that under ambient temperature, adults and larvae appear to tolerate exposure to unusually high levels of copper (96 h-LC50 ranging from 167 to 251 mu g Cu L-1) and lead (from 477 to 742 14 mu g Pb L-1). Our work also highlights that warmer conditions (seasonal and experimentally manipulated) reduce the tolerance of adults and larvae to Cu toxicity. Despite a similar trend observed for the response of larvae to Pb toxicity to experimentally induced increase in temperature, surprisingly adults were more resistant in warmer condition to Pb toxicity. In the summer adults were less resistant to Cu toxicity (96 h-LC50 = 175 mu g L-1) than in the winter (251 mu g L-1). An opposite trend was observed for the Pb toxicity on adults between summer and winter (96 h-LC50 of 742 vs 471 mu g L-1, respectively). Larvae displayed a slightly higher sensitivity to Cu and Pb than adults. An experimentally induced 3 degrees C increase in temperature above ambient decreased larval resistance to Cu and Pb toxicity by 23-30% (96 h-LC50 of 167 vs 129 mu g Cu L-1 and 681 vs 462 mu g Pb L-1). Our data support the paradigm that upward excursions in temperature influence physiological processes in corals that play key roles in regulating metal toxicity. These influences are more pronounced in larva versus adult corals. These findings are important when contextualized climate change-driven warming in the oceans and highlight that predictions of ecological outcomes to metal pollutants will be improved by considering environmental context and the life stages of organism under study. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hedouin, Laetitia S.; Gates, Ruth D.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, 46-007 Lilipuna Rd, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Wolf, Ruth E.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 20,MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Phillips, Jeff] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Room 3-122, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Hedouin, Laetitia S.] USR 3278 CNRS EPHE UPVD CRIOBE, BP1013, Papetoai 98729, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [Hedouin, Laetitia S.] Lab Excellence CORAIL, BP1013, Papetoai 98729, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. RP Hedouin, LS (reprint author), USR 3278 EPHE CNRS CRIOBE, Lab Excellence Corail, BP1013, Papetoai 98729, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. EM laetitia.hedouin@criobe.pf FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This study was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The authors thank Dr Thomas May who worked at the Columbia Environmental Research Center (U.S. Geological Survey) for his help in the accomplishment of the project and the metal concentration analyses he performed on coral tissues and skeleton. This work is Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology Contribution Number 1648, SOEST number 9572 and USGS record number IP-069356. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 213 BP 240 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.086 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO6VO UT WOS:000377921800027 PM 26907701 ER PT J AU Christie, KS Gilbert, SL Brown, CL Hatfield, M Hanson, L AF Christie, Katherine S. Gilbert, Sophie L. Brown, Casey L. Hatfield, Michael Hanson, Leanne TI Unmanned aircraft systems in wildlife research: current and future applications of a transformative technology SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID AERIAL VEHICLE; DISTURBANCE; CONSERVATION; MORTALITY; ECOLOGY; MAMMALS; COVER; DEER; UAVS; SEA AB Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) - also called unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones - are an emerging tool that may provide a safer, more cost-effective, and quieter alternative to traditional research methods. We review examples where UAS have been used to document wildlife abundance, behavior, and habitat, and illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of this technology with two case studies. We summarize research on behavioral responses of wildlife to UAS, and discuss the need to understand how recreational and commercial applications of this technology could disturb certain species. Currently, the widespread implementation of UAS by scientists is limited by flight range, regulatory frameworks, and a lack of validation. UAS are most effective when used to examine smaller areas close to their launch sites, whereas manned aircraft are recommended for surveying greater distances. The growing demand for UAS in research and industry is driving rapid regulatory and technological progress, which in turn will make them more accessible and effective as analytical tools. C1 [Christie, Katherine S.; Gilbert, Sophie L.; Brown, Casey L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hatfield, Michael] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hanson, Leanne] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Christie, KS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM katiec@alaskasealife.org NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 56 U2 90 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 14 IS 5 BP 242 EP 252 DI 10.1002/fee.1281 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP1TL UT WOS:000378272200014 ER PT J AU Fischer, AP Spies, TA Steelman, TA Moseley, C Johnson, BR Bailey, JD Ager, AA Bourgeron, P Charnley, S Collins, BM Kline, JD Leahy, JE Littell, JS Millington, JDA Nielsen-Pincus, M Olsen, CS Paveglio, TB Roos, CI Steen-Adams, MM Stevens, FR Vukomanovic, J White, EM Bowman, DMJS AF Fischer, A. Paige Spies, Thomas A. Steelman, Toddi A. Moseley, Cassandra Johnson, Bart R. Bailey, John D. Ager, Alan A. Bourgeron, Patrick Charnley, Susan Collins, Brandon M. Kline, Jeffrey D. Leahy, Jessica E. Littell, Jeremy S. Millington, James D. A. Nielsen-Pincus, Max Olsen, Christine S. Paveglio, Travis B. Roos, Christopher I. Steen-Adams, Michelle M. Stevens, Forrest R. Vukomanovic, Jelena White, Eric M. Bowman, David M. J. S. TI Wildfire risk as a socioecological pathology SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DECISION-MAKING; FIRE MANAGEMENT; BOREAL FOREST; MEGA-FIRES; LANDSCAPE; CONTEXT; SYSTEMS; POLICY AB Wildfire risk in temperate forests has become a nearly intractable problem that can be characterized as a socioecological "pathology": that is, a set of complex and problematic interactions among social and ecological systems across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Assessments of wildfire risk could benefit from recognizing and accounting for these interactions in terms of socioecological systems, also known as coupled natural and human systems (CNHS). We characterize the primary social and ecological dimensions of the wildfire risk pathology, paying particular attention to the governance system around wildfire risk, and suggest strategies to mitigate the pathology through innovative planning approaches, analytical tools, and policies. We caution that even with a clear understanding of the problem and possible solutions, the system by which human actors govern fire-prone forests may evolve incrementally in imperfect ways and can be expected to resist change even as we learn better ways to manage CNHS. C1 [Fischer, A. Paige] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Spies, Thomas A.; Kline, Jeffrey D.] US Dept Agr USDA Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR USA. [Steelman, Toddi A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Moseley, Cassandra; Johnson, Bart R.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Bailey, John D.; Olsen, Christine S.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ager, Alan A.] USDA Forest Serv, Pendleton, OR USA. [Bourgeron, Patrick; Vukomanovic, Jelena] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Charnley, Susan] USDA Forest Serv, Portland, OR USA. [Collins, Brandon M.] USDA Forest Serv, Davis, CA USA. [Leahy, Jessica E.] Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. [Littell, Jeremy S.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. [Millington, James D. A.] Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Nielsen-Pincus, Max] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Paveglio, Travis B.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Roos, Christopher I.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Steen-Adams, Michelle M.] Univ New England, Biddeford, ME USA. [Stevens, Forrest R.] Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [White, Eric M.] USDA Forest Serv, Olympia, WA USA. [Bowman, David M. J. S.] Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Fischer, AP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM apfisch@umich.edu RI Millington, James/B-5931-2008; Bowman, David/A-2930-2011 OI Millington, James/0000-0002-5099-0001; Bowman, David/0000-0001-8075-124X FU US National Science Foundation's (NSF's) Coupled Human and Natural Systems Program (NSF) [CNH-1013296]; USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station; Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) [12-5-01-15]; NSF [CNH-1013296, CNH-0816475, CNH-1313688, GEO-1114898, DEB-1414041] FX This paper emerged from a workshop sponsored by the US National Science Foundation's (NSF's) Coupled Human and Natural Systems Program (NSF grant CNH-1013296), the USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station, and the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP Project Number 12-5-01-15). We acknowledge support from NSF grants CNH-1013296, CNH-0816475, CNH-1313688, GEO-1114898, and DEB-1414041, and we thank A Agrawal and DL Peterson for providing comments on an earlier version of this paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 14 IS 5 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1002/fee.1283 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DP1TL UT WOS:000378272200018 ER PT J AU Edwards, CS Ehlmann, BL AF Edwards, Christopher S. Ehlmann, Bethany L. TI Carbon sequestration on Mars SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NAKHLITES C1 [Edwards, Christopher S.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ehlmann, Bethany L.] CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd,MC 150-21, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ehlmann, Bethany L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Edwards, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 2016 VL 44 IS 6 BP E389 EP E389 DI 10.1130/G37984Y.1 PG 1 WC Geology SC Geology GA DP0TW UT WOS:000378203600002 ER PT J AU McCauley, LA Anteau, MJ van der Burg, MP AF McCauley, Lisa A. Anteau, Michael J. van der Burg, Max Post TI Consolidation Drainage and Climate Change May Reduce Piping Plover Habitat in the Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agriculture drainage; North Dakota; Prairie Pothole Region; shorebirds; waterbirds; wetland alteration; wetland hydrology ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; NORTH-DAKOTA; LAND-USE; WETLANDS; ABUNDANCE; SELECTION; RESERVOIR; SURVIVAL; CENSUS; SITE AB Many waterbird species utilize a diversity of aquatic habitats; however, with increasing anthropogenic needs to manage water regimes there is global concern over impacts to waterbird populations. The federally threatened piping plover (Charadrius melodus; hereafter plovers) is a shorebird that breeds in three habitat types in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Canada: riverine sandbars; reservoir shorelines; and prairie wetlands. Water surface areas of these habitats fluctuate in response to wet-dry periods; decreasing water surface areas expose shorelines that plovers utilize for nesting. Climate varies across the region so when other habitats are unavailable for plover nesting because of flooding, prairie wetlands may periodically provide habitat. Over the last century, many of the wetlands used by plovers in the Prairie Pothole Region have been modified to receive water from consolidation drainage (drainage of smaller wetlands into another wetland), which could eliminate shoreline nesting habitat. We evaluated whether consolidation drainage and fuller wetlands have decreased plover presence in 32 wetlands historically used by plovers. We found that wetlands with more consolidation drainage in their catchment and wetlands that were fuller had a lower probability of plover presence. These results suggest that plovers could have historically used prairie wetlands during the breeding season but consolidation drainage, climate change, or both have reduced available shoreline habitat for plovers through increased water levels. Prairie wetlands, outside of some alkali wetlands in the western portion of the region, are less studied as habitat for plovers when compared with river and reservoir shorelines. Our study suggests that these wetlands may have played a larger role in plover ecology than previously thought. Wetland restoration and conservation, through the restoration of natural hydrology, may be required to ensure that adequate habitat exists among the three habitat types in the face of existing or changing climate and to ensure long-term plover conservation. C1 [McCauley, Lisa A.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [McCauley, Lisa A.] Nature Conservancy, Ctr Sci & Publ Policy, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Anteau, Michael J.; van der Burg, Max Post] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP McCauley, LA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.; McCauley, LA (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Ctr Sci & Publ Policy, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM lmccauley32@gmail.com OI Post van der Burg, Max/0000-0002-3943-4194 FU Plains and Prairie Potholes Landscape Conservation Cooperative; U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center FX We thank Alex Lawton and Peter Mockus for collecting aerial photos and providing GIS data assistance. Stuart Blotter, the Farm Service Agency and Natural Resources Conservation Service offices of North Dakota, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Habitat and Population Evaluation Team, Midwest Region ( Sue Kvas) provided historical aerial photographs. Kirsten Brennan, Elise Elliott-Smith, Chris Swanson, and Paulette Scherr all provided piping plover survey data and many staff and volunteers collected piping plover survey data. Support and advice were provided by Mike Symanski, Wes Newton, Terry Shaffer, Jane Austin, Rhianna Golden, Mark Sherfy, and Josh Stafford. The International Water Institute provided light detection and ranging data. We thank D. Haukos and two anonymous reviewers for improvements to this manuscript. This research was funded by the Plains and Prairie Potholes Landscape Conservation Cooperative and U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. None of the project sponsors had any influence on the content of the submitted or published manuscript or required approval of the final manuscript to be published. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 12 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 4 EP 12 DI 10.3996/072015-JFWM-068 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9CT UT WOS:000378082600001 ER PT J AU Fitak, RR Naidu, A Thompson, RW Culver, M AF Fitak, Robert R. Naidu, Ashwin Thompson, Ron W. Culver, Melanie TI A New Panel of SNP Markers for the Individual Identification of North American Pumas SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE conservation; cougar; fecal DNA; mountain lion; next-generation sequencing; noninvasive genetics; PumaPlex ID MOUNTAIN LION PREDATION; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; FECAL DNA ANALYSIS; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; BIGHORN SHEEP; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY; NATURAL-SELECTION AB Pumas Puma concolor are one of the most studied terrestrial carnivores because of their widespread distribution, substantial ecological impacts, and conflicts with humans. Over the past decade, managing pumas has involved extensive efforts including the use of genetic methods. Microsatellites have been the most commonly used genetic markers; however, technical artifacts and little overlap of frequently used loci render large-scale comparison of puma genetic data across studies challenging. Therefore, a panel of genetic markers that can produce consistent genotypes across studies without the need for extensive calibrations is essential for range-wide genetic management of puma populations. Here, we describe the development of PumaPlex, a high-throughput assay to genotype 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms in pumas. We validated PumaPlex in 748 North American pumas Puma concolor couguar, and demonstrated its ability to generate reproducible genotypes and accurately identify individuals. Furthermore, in a test using fecal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples, we found that PumaPlex produced significantly more genotypes with fewer errors than 12 microsatellite loci, 8 of which are commonly used. Our results demonstrate that PumaPlex is a valuable tool for the genetic monitoring and management of North American puma populations. Given the analytical simplicity, reproducibility, and high-throughput capability of single nucleotide polymorphisms, PumaPlex provides a standard panel of markers that promotes the comparison of genotypes across studies and independent of the genotyping technology used. C1 [Fitak, Robert R.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Naidu, Ashwin] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Thompson, Ron W.] Primero Conservat, Box 16106, Portal, AZ 85632 USA. [Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Fitak, RR (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM robert.fitak@duke.edu FU Habitat Partnership Committee grants [HPC 09-406, 10-705]; NSF-IGERT program in comparative genomics FX We would like to thank those who provided samples and expertise, especially S. Bender, the Navajo Nation Zoo, L. Searles of the Southwest Wildlife Conservation Center, the late Andy Salazar, and the Arizona Game and Fish Department. We thank the NSF-IGERT program in comparative genomics and the Habitat Partnership Committee grants HPC 09-406 and 10-705 for funding. We are deeply indebted to C. Ramsower at the University of Arizona Genetics Core for assistance with Sequenom genotyping. We are grateful to T. Edwards, S. Blount, C. Voirin, E. Mohandesan, the Subject Editor, and three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 8 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 13 EP 27 DI 10.3996/112014-JFWM-080 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9CT UT WOS:000378082600002 ER PT J AU Layhee, MJ Sepulveda, AJ Shaw, A Smuckall, M Kapperman, K Reyes, A AF Layhee, Megan J. Sepulveda, Adam J. Shaw, Amy Smuckall, Matthew Kapperman, Kevin Reyes, Alejandro TI Effects of Electric Barrier on Passage and Physical Condition of Juvenile and Adult Rainbow Trout SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE electric barrier; fish passage; juvenile fish; nontarget species; Oncorhynchus mykiss; pulse width ID SALMONIDS; MOVEMENT AB Electric barriers can inhibit passage and injure fish. Few data exist on electric barrier parameters that minimize these impacts and on how body size affects susceptibility, especially to nontarget fish species. The goal of this study was to determine electric barrier voltage and pulse-width settings that inhibit passage of larger bodied rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (215-410 mm fork length) while allowing passage of smaller bodied juvenile rainbow trout (52126 mm) in a static laboratory setting. We exposed rainbow trout to 30-Hz pulsed-direct current voltage gradients (0.00-0.45 V cm(-1)) and pulse widths (0.0-0.7 ms) and recorded their movement, injury incidence, and mortality. No settings tested allowed all juveniles to pass while impeding all adult passage. Juvenile and adult rainbow trout avoided the barrier at higher pulse widths, and fewer rainbow trout passed the barrier at 0.7-ms pulse width compared to 0.1 ms and when the barrier was turned off. We found no effect of voltage gradient on fish passage. No mortality occurred, and we observed external bruising in 5 (7%) juvenile rainbow trout and 15 (21%) adult rainbow trout. This study may aid managers in selecting barrier settings that allow for increased juvenile passage. C1 [Layhee, Megan J.; Sepulveda, Adam J.; Reyes, Alejandro] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Layhee, Megan J.; Sepulveda, Adam J.; Reyes, Alejandro] State Univ New York, Oneonta Biol Field Stn, 5838 State Highway 80, Cooperstown, NY 13326 USA. [Shaw, Amy; Smuckall, Matthew] Cook Inlet Aquaculture Assoc, 40610 Kalifornsky Beach Rd, Kenai, AK 99611 USA. [Shaw, Amy; Smuckall, Matthew] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kapperman, Kevin] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Sepulveda, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.; Sepulveda, AJ (reprint author), State Univ New York, Oneonta Biol Field Stn, 5838 State Highway 80, Cooperstown, NY 13326 USA. EM asepulveda@usgs.gov FU Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund FX Funding was provided by Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund. We thank Robert Muth and Matt Toner of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Bozeman Fish Technology Center for logistical support and equipment. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.3996/042015-JFWM-039 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9CT UT WOS:000378082600003 ER PT J AU Roberts, JH Angermeier, PL Anderson, GB AF Roberts, James H. Angermeier, Paul L. Anderson, Gregory B. TI Population Viability Analysis for Endangered Roanoke Logperch SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE endangered species; extinction; fish; population viability analysis; risk ID DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; FISHES; SIZE; FRAGMENTATION; TRANSLOCATION; VARIABILITY; PERSISTENCE; ENVIRONMENT AB A common strategy for recovering endangered species is ensuring that populations exceed the minimum viable population size (MVP), a demographic benchmark that theoretically ensures low long-term extinction risk. One method of establishing MVP is population viability analysis, a modeling technique that simulates population trajectories and forecasts extinction risk based on a series of biological, environmental, and management assumptions. Such models also help identify key uncertainties that have a large influence on extinction risk. We used stochastic count-based simulation models to explore extinction risk, MVP, and the possible benefits of alternative management strategies in populations of Roanoke logperch Percina rex, an endangered stream fish. Estimates of extinction risk were sensitive to the assumed population growth rate and model type, carrying capacity, and catastrophe regime (frequency and severity of anthropogenic fish kills), whereas demographic augmentation did little to reduce extinction risk. Under density-dependent growth, the estimated MVP for Roanoke logperch ranged from 200 to 4200 individuals, depending on the assumed severity of catastrophes. Thus, depending on the MVP threshold, anywhere from two to all five of the logperch populations we assessed were projected to be viable. Despite this uncertainty, these results help identify populations with the greatest relative extinction risk, as well as management strategies that might reduce this risk the most, such as increasing carrying capacity and reducing fish kills. Better estimates of population growth parameters and catastrophe regimes would facilitate the refinement of MVP and extinction-risk estimates, and they should be a high priority for future research on Roanoke logperch and other imperiled stream-fish species. C1 [Roberts, James H.] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, 4324 Old Register Rd, Statesboro, GA 30458 USA. [Angermeier, Paul L.] US Geol Survey, Virginia Tech, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Anderson, Gregory B.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Roberts, JH (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, 4324 Old Register Rd, Statesboro, GA 30458 USA. EM jhroberts@georgiasouthern.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute; State University, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank K. Smith and W. Hester for helping to bring this project to fruition and K. Smith, J. Jones, the Associate Editor, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. B. Blood assisted with R programming. The Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and Wildlife Management Institute. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 46 EP 64 DI 10.3996/032015-JFWM-026 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9CT UT WOS:000378082600005 ER PT J AU Ford, WM Silvis, A Rodrigue, JL Kniowski, AB Johnson, JB AF Ford, W. Mark Silvis, Alexander Rodrigue, Jane L. Kniowski, Andrew B. Johnson, Joshua B. TI Deriving Habitat Models for Northern Long-Eared Bats from Historical Detection Data: A Case Study Using the Fernow Experimental Forest SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE acoustical sampling; day roosts; distribution model; habitat model; landscape distribution; maximum-likelihood modeling; mist-net sampling; Myotis septentrionalis; northern long-eared bat ID SEPTENTRIONALIS MATERNITY COLONIES; MYOTIS MYOTIS-SEPTENTRIONALIS; WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; WEST-VIRGINIA; WIND FARMS; IMPACT; CHIROPTERA; ROOSTS AB The listing of the northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) as federally threatened under the Endangered Species Act following severe population declines from white-nose syndrome presents considerable challenges to natural resource managers. Because the northern long-eared bat is a forest habitat generalist, development of effective conservation measures will depend on appropriate understanding of its habitat relationships at individual locations. However, severely reduced population sizes make gathering data for such models difficult. As a result, historical data may be essential in development of habitat models. To date, there has been little evaluation of how effective historical bat presence data, such as data derived from mist-net captures, acoustic detection, and day-roost locations, may be in developing habitat models, nor is it clear how models created using different data sources may differ. We explored this issue by creating presence probability models for the northern long-eared bat on the Fernow Experimental Forest in the central Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia using a historical, presence-only data set. Each presence data type produced outputs that were dissimilar but that still corresponded with known traits of the northern long-eared bat or are easily explained in the context of the particular data collection protocol. However, our results also highlight potential limitations of individual data types. For example, models from mist-net capture data only showed high probability of presence along the dendritic network of riparian areas, an obvious artifact of sampling methodology. Development of ecological niche and presence models for northern long-eared bat populations could be highly valuable for resource managers going forward with this species. We caution, however, that efforts to create such models should consider the substantial limitations of models derived from historical data, and address model assumptions. C1 [Ford, W. Mark] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit 0321, US Geol Survey, 310 W Campus Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Silvis, Alexander; Kniowski, Andrew B.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat 0321, 310 W Campus Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Rodrigue, Jane L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. [Rodrigue, Jane L.] METI Inc, 230 Sunny Ridge Rd, Pearisburg, VA 24134 USA. [Johnson, Joshua B.] Pennsylvania Game Commiss, 2001 Elmerton Ave, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Silvis, A (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat 0321, 310 W Campus Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM silvis@vt.edu FU U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station; U.S. Geological Survey; Cooperative Research Unit Program; Virginia Tech Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation FX U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station, U.S. Geological Survey, Cooperative Research Unit Program, and Virginia Tech Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation provided financial support for this project. Field assistance was provided by D. Lowther and R. Hovatter. We thank C. Johnson for numerous discussions about northern long-eared bat ecology that ultimately led to this research endeavor. We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 23 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 86 EP 98 DI 10.3996/012015-JFWM-004 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9CT UT WOS:000378082600008 ER PT J AU Tri, AN Sands, JP Buelow, MC DeMaso, SJ Belser, EH Hernandez, F Brennan, LA AF Tri, Andrew N. Sands, Joseph P. Buelow, Michael C. DeMaso, Stephen J. Belser, Emily H. Hernandez, Fidel Brennan, Leonard A. TI Influence of Aridity and Weather on Breeding-Season Survival of Northern Bobwhites in South Texas, USA SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Survival; Colinus virginianus; linear models; bobwhite; weather ID COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS; ABUNDANCE; PRECIPITATION; VEGETATION; RATIOS AB Understanding vital rates of wildlife populations is essential for developing realistic management objectives. We conducted an analysis of data from four northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus research projects conducted in South Texas to examine the extent that environmental factors (total seasonal precipitation, mean maximum seasonal temperature, growing-season length, and Keetch-Byram drought index values) influenced survival during the 5-mo (April-August) breeding season. We constructed generalized logistic mixed models and compared them using Akaike's Information Coefficient to rank their parsimony. Our selected model (cumulative breeding-season survival = bobwhite sex + growing season length [days of photosynthetic activity] + Keetch-Byram Drought Index score [averaged from April to August] + site-specific effects of each ranch) explained 35.3% of the total variation in the data set. Breeding season survival was positively related to growing season length (beta = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.00-0.02), and negatively related to Keetch-Byram Drought Index score (beta = -0.01, 95% CI = -0.01 to -0.01; rounded to two digits). Managers cannot control weather, but the ability to account for nearly one-third of variation in breeding season survival from weather, sex, and site-specific effects of the ranch refines our understanding of factors that influence bobwhite population dynamics in South Texas. C1 [Tri, Andrew N.; Sands, Joseph P.; Buelow, Michael C.; DeMaso, Stephen J.; Belser, Emily H.; Hernandez, Fidel; Brennan, Leonard A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Wildlife & Rangeland Sci, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, MSC 218,700 Univ Blvd, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Tri, Andrew N.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 1201 East Highway 2, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Sands, Joseph P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Buelow, Michael C.] Tennessee Valley Author, 4537 Ft Campbell Blvd,BCC 1A, Hopkinsville, KY 42240 USA. [DeMaso, Stephen J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gulf Coast Joint Venture, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Tri, AN (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Wildlife & Rangeland Sci, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, MSC 218,700 Univ Blvd, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA.; Tri, AN (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 1201 East Highway 2, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM Andrew.tri@state.mn.us FU Richard M. Kleberg Jr. Center for Quail Research; Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute; South Texas Quail Associates Program; Texas Quail Coalition; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Houston Safari Club; C.C. Winn Endowed Chair; Alfred C. Glassell Jr. Endowed Professorship FX The Richard M. Kleberg Jr. Center for Quail Research, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, South Texas Quail Associates Program, Texas Quail Coalition, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, and Houston Safari Club provided support for this project. We thank B. Ballard and W. Kuvlesky, Jr. for reviewing various drafts of this manuscript and assistance with this publication. We also thank all of the anonymous reviewers for their comments and editorial assistance.; The C.C. Winn Endowed Chair supported LAB, and the Alfred C. Glassell Jr. Endowed Professorship supported FH. This manuscript is Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Publication Number 13-121. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.3996/012014-JFWM-092 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9CT UT WOS:000378082600010 ER PT J AU Wulff, SJ Butler, MJ Ballard, WB AF Wulff, Sarah J. Butler, Matthew J. Ballard, Warren B. TI Assessment of Diurnal Wind Turbine Collision Risk for Grassland Birds on the Southern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE behavior; flight height; Llano Estacado Plateau; raptor; Texas High Plains; wetland birds; wind energy ID FLIGHT HEIGHTS; FARMS; MORTALITY; ENERGY; CONSERVATION; MINNESOTA; MIGRATION; FATALITY; BEHAVIOR; RADAR AB Wind energy is one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources in the United States and has the potential to reduce the use of traditional nonrenewable energy. However, there is concern for potential short-and long-term influences on wildlife populations, such as bird collisions with turbine blades, habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, and habitat avoidance. Bird flight heights are indicative of collision risks, but knowledge of their distributions is limited. Our goal was to examine the diurnal flight heights of bird species to assess which are at greatest risk of collision with wind turbine blades. During October 2008-August 2009, we estimated the flight heights of 66 bird species at a planned wind energy facility on the southern Great Plains. Flight heights were estimated by measuring angle of incline with a clinometer and ground distance with a laser rangefinder. Previous work has been limited to flight height measurements categorized to site-specific rotor swept zone (RSZ) specifications that has resulted in limited applicability to other wind turbine RSZ specifications. Our research is distinctive because it provides more resolution in flight height estimates than those categorized into bins and allows application to wind turbines with different RSZs. We found that the flight heights of six bird species varied among seasons, indicating their risk of collision changed throughout the year. Observations indicated that the average flight heights of 28 bird species were within the potential RSZ (32-124 m above ground level) at our study site and that two species exhibited mean flight heights above the RSZ. Fifteen of those species were wetland-associated species, 7 were raptor or vulture species, and 6 were listed as species of greatest conservation need by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. We observed 14 bird species (1 vulture, 2 raptors, 7 wetland-associated species, and 4 passerines or other species) with greater than 25% of their observed flight heights within the RSZ. Our results indicate that raptors and wetland-associated species are the avian groups at greatest risk of collision with wind turbines due to their diurnal flight heights. However, the resolution of our data will allow assessment of which bird species are at greatest risk of collision for various wind turbine specifications. This information can help guide site assessment and placement for wind energy facilities across the southern Great Plains and help mitigate potential collision impacts on bird species. C1 [Wulff, Sarah J.; Butler, Matthew J.; Ballard, Warren B.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, POB 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Wulff, Sarah J.] 12245 Shorewood Dr S-W, Seattle, WA 98146 USA. [Butler, Matthew J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Biol Serv, POB 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RP Butler, MJ (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, POB 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.; Butler, MJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Biol Serv, POB 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. EM matthew_butler@fws.gov FU Iberdrola Renewables, Inc.; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Texas Tech University; Bricker Foundation FX We thank Iberdrola Renewables, Inc.; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Texas Tech University; and the Bricker Foundation for sponsoring this study. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 33 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.3996/042015-JFWM-031 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9CT UT WOS:000378082600012 ER PT J AU Collins, DP Grisham, BA Conring, CM Knetter, JM Conway, WC Carleton, SA Boggie, MA AF Collins, Daniel P. Grisham, Blake A. Conring, Courtenay M. Knetter, Jeffrey M. Conway, Warren C. Carleton, Scott A. Boggie, Matthew A. TI New Summer Areas and Mixing of Two Greater Sandhill Crane Populations in the Intermountain West SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Grus canadensis; Lower Colorado River Valley Population; movements; Rocky Mountain Population; sandhill crane; summer distribution ID UNCERTAINTY; WATERFOWL; MOVEMENT; FIDELITY; FLYWAY AB Population delineation throughout the annual life cycle for migratory birds is needed to formulate regional and national management and conservation strategies. Despite being well studied continentally, connectivity of sandhill crane Grus canadensis populations throughout the western portion of their North American range remains poorly described. Our objectives were to 1) use global positioning system satellite transmitter terminals to identify summer distributions for the Lower Colorado River Valley Population of greater sandhill cranes Grus canadensis tabida and 2) determine whether intermingling occurs among any of the western greater sandhill crane populations: Rocky Mountain Population, Lower Colorado River Valley Population, and Central Valley Population. Capture and marking occurred during winter and summer on private lands in California and Idaho as well as on two National Wildlife Refuges: Cibola and Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuges. A majority of marked greater sandhill cranes summered in what is established Lower Colorado River Valley Population breeding areas in northeastern Nevada and southwestern Idaho. A handful of greater sandhill cranes summered outside of traditional breeding areas in westcentral Idaho around Cascade Reservoir near Donnelly and Cascade, Idaho. For example, a greater sandhill crane colt captured near Donnelly in July 2014 survived to winter migration and moved south to areas associated with the Rocky Mountain Population. The integration of the greater sandhill crane colt captured near Donnelly provides the first evidence of potential intermingling between the Lower Colorado River Population and Rocky Mountain Population. We suggest continued marking and banding efforts of all three western populations of greater sandhill cranes will accurately delineate population boundaries and connectivity and inform management decisions for the three populations. C1 [Collins, Daniel P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Off, Reg 2,POB 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. [Grisham, Blake A.; Conring, Courtenay M.; Conway, Warren C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Goddard Bldg,POB 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Knetter, Jeffrey M.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 600 S Walnut,POB 25, Boise, ID 83707 USA. [Carleton, Scott A.] New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Boggie, Matthew A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Collins, DP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Off, Reg 2,POB 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. EM dan_collins@fws.gov FU USFWS Webless Migratory Game Bird program; Texas Tech University FX Financial and logistical support for this research was provided by the USFWS Webless Migratory Game Bird program and Texas Tech University. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 141 EP 152 DI 10.3996/042015-JFWM-036 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9CT UT WOS:000378082600013 ER PT J AU Diefenbach, DR Vreeland, WC Casalena, MJ Schiavone, MV AF Diefenbach, Duane R. Vreeland, Wendy C. Casalena, Mary Jo Schiavone, Michael V. TI Retention of Riveted Aluminum Leg Bands by Wild Turkeys SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aluminum; Meleagris gallopavo; New York; Pennsylvania; retention; rivet band; wild turkey ID TAG LOSS; SURVIVAL; MODEL AB In order for mark-recapture models to provide unbiased estimates of population parameters, it is critical that uniquely identifying tags or marks are not lost. We double-banded male and female wild turkeys with aluminum rivet bands and estimated the probability that a bird would be recovered with both bands <1-225 wk since banding (mean = 51.2 wk, SD = 44.0). We found that 100% of females (n = 37) were recovered with both bands. For males, we recovered 6 of 188 turkeys missing a rivet band for a retention probability of 0.984 (95% CI = 0.96-0.99). If male turkeys are double-banded with rivet bands the probability of recovering a turkey without any marks is <0.001. We failed to detect a change in band retention over time or differences between adults and juveniles. Given the low cost and high retention rates of rivet aluminum bands, we believe they are an effective marking technique for wild turkeys and, for most studies, will minimize any concern about the assumption that marks are not lost. C1 [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Vreeland, Wendy C.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Casalena, Mary Jo] Pennsylvania Game Commiss, 2001 Elmerton Ave, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. [Schiavone, Michael V.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Div Fish Wildlife & Marine Resources, 625 Broadway, Albany, NY 12233 USA. RP Diefenbach, DR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ddiefenbach@psu.edu FU Pennsylvania Game Commission; New York Department of Environmental Conservation, Division of Fish, Wildlife, and Marine Resources FX Support for this research was provided by the Pennsylvania Game Commission and the New York Department of Environmental Conservation, Division of Fish, Wildlife, and Marine Resources. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 162 EP 164 DI 10.3996/072015-JFWM-064 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9CT UT WOS:000378082600015 ER PT J AU Drews, K Bouska, WW Doyle, W AF Drews, Kevin Bouska, Wesley W. Doyle, Wyatt TI A Novel System for the Deployment and Retrieval of Trawl Gear from the Bow of a Small Research Vessel SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fisheries; retrieval; sampling; trawl ID LOWER MISSOURI RIVER; AGE-0 STURGEON AB Research vessel crews have increasingly applied trawling gear in a diversity of freshwater habitats, including river systems. Crews typically deploy and retrieve trawling gear by hand or with hydraulic winches. These methods are often labor intensive and require crews of three or more people to operate safely. Additionally, unless the research vessel has an inboard engine with power take-off capabilities, hydraulic winches will need to be powered by a generator, requiring additional maintenance and creating a loud work environment. We describe a new system for the deployment and retrieval of trawling gear that is suitable for smaller vessels where a hydraulic system may not be practical. This system utilizes electric line haulers mounted on davits at the bow of the boat. The line haulers are retrofitted with a novel mechanism for loading the trawl line into the line hauler pulley, allowing deployment and retrieval of many types of trawl gear by one deckhand and one boat operator. The electric trawl retrieval system is powered by a battery bank that charges from the boat motor, thereby reducing risk of hearing damage from generator noise. We have designed it to be interchangeable and portable amongst different research vessels, which increases sampling efficiency and reduces costs. C1 [Drews, Kevin; Doyle, Wyatt] DLH Corp, 1776 Peachtree St NW,Suite 300S, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. [Doyle, Wyatt] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 101 Pk DeVille Dr,Suite A, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Drews, K (reprint author), DLH Corp, 1776 Peachtree St NW,Suite 300S, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. EM kevin_drews@fws.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.3996/072015-JFWM-059 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9CT UT WOS:000378082600016 ER PT J AU Jackson, ZJ Gruber, JJ Van Eenennaam, JP AF Jackson, Zachary J. Gruber, Joshua J. Van Eenennaam, Joel P. TI White Sturgeon Spawning in the San Joaquin River, California, and Effects of Water Management SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE white sturgeon; egg sampling; spawning habitat; recruitment; San Joaquin River; San Francisco Estuary; water management ID EARLY-LIFE HISTORY; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; SACRAMENTO RIVER; GREEN STURGEON; COLUMBIA RIVER; LAKE STURGEON; HABITAT; TEMPERATURE; LARVAE AB Inadequate recruitment is a hallmark of declining sturgeon populations throughout the world. Efforts to understand and address the processes that regulate recruitment are of foremost importance for successful management and recovery. Fish biologists previously only knew San Francisco Estuary white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) to spawn in the Sacramento River, California. We assessed potential white sturgeon spawning locations by deploying artificial substrate samplers during late winter and spring of 2011 and 2012 from river kilometers 115.2 to 145.3 of the San Joaquin River. Collections of fertilized eggs, coupled with hydrology data, confirm that white sturgeon spawned within one and four sites in the San Joaquin River during wet (2011; n = 23) and dry (2012; n = 65) water-year conditions. Small pulse flow augmentations intended to benefit juvenile salmonids appear to have triggered white sturgeon spawning within this system. Understanding the effects of water management on spawning and subsequent recruitment is necessary to increase white sturgeon recruitment to the San Francisco Estuary. C1 [Jackson, Zachary J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 850 South Guild Ave, Lodi, CA 95240 USA. [Gruber, Joshua J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 10950 Tyler Rd, Red Bluff, CA 96080 USA. [Van Eenennaam, Joel P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Jackson, ZJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 850 South Guild Ave, Lodi, CA 95240 USA. EM Zachary_Jackson@fws.gov FU Anadromous Fish Restoration Program [P.L. 102-575] FX This project was funded by the Anadromous Fish Restoration Program under the authority of the Central Valley Project Improvement Act (P.L. 102-575). NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.3996/092015-JFWM-092 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9CT UT WOS:000378082600017 ER PT J AU Livezey, KB Fernandez-Juricic, E Blumstein, DT AF Livezey, Kent B. Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban Blumstein, Daniel T. TI Database of Bird Flight Initiation Distances to Assist in Estimating Effects from Human Disturbance and Delineating Buffer Areas SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE alert distance; biological opinion; buffer area; disturbance; Endangered Species Act; flight initiation distance; minimum approach distance ID WINTERING BALD EAGLES; MEXICAN SPOTTED OWLS; RISK-TAKING BEHAVIOR; HUNTING DISTURBANCE; MIGRATORY WATERFOWL; NESTING SUCCESS; ZONE DISTANCES; RECREATIONAL DISTURBANCE; EXPERIMENTAL REFUGES; LOAFING WATERBIRDS AB U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists determine effects from disturbance to threatened and endangered bird species, and staffs of federal and state agencies estimate these effects when delineating protective buffers around habitat of bird species of concern on land management areas. These efforts can be informed by the distances at which human activities cause birds to react or move away. To that end, here we present a database of published alert distances (distances at which birds exposed to an approaching human activity exhibit alert behavior), flight initiation distances (distances at which birds exposed to an approaching human activity initiate escape behavior), and minimum approach distances (distances at which humans should be separated from wildlife). The database distinguishes between nesting and nonnesting situations. The nesting database includes 578 alert distances and 2,177 flight initiation distances from 45 studies representing 11 orders, 27 families, and 49 species of birds. The nonnesting database comprises 1,419 alert distances and 34,775 flight initiation distances from 50 studies representing 19 orders, 89 families, and 650 species. C1 [Livezey, Kent B.] East Coast Tower, Panama City 331924177, Panama. [Livezey, Kent B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Blumstein, Daniel T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 621 Young Dr South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Livezey, KB (reprint author), East Coast Tower, Panama City 331924177, Panama. EM kentbl@gmail.com NR 145 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 23 U2 32 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 181 EP 191 DI 10.3996/082015-JFWM-078 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9CT UT WOS:000378082600018 ER PT J AU Deslauriers, D Johnston, R Chipps, SR AF Deslauriers, David Johnston, Ryan Chipps, Steven R. TI Effect of Morphological Fin-Curl on the Swimming Performance and Station-Holding Ability of Juvenile Shovelnose Sturgeon SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fin-curl; shovelnose sturgeon; station holding; sturgeon; swimming performance; U-crit swimming test ID PALLID STURGEON; ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; LAKE STURGEON; MISSOURI RIVER; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; SURVIVAL; EROSION; TROUT; BREVIROSTRUM; LOCOMOTION AB We assessed the effect of fin-curl on the swimming and station-holding ability of juvenile shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (mean fork length = 17 cm; mean weight = 16 g; n = 21) using a critical swimming speed test performed in a small swim chamber (90 L) at 20 degrees C. We quantified fin-curl severity using the pectoral fin index. Results showed a positive relationship between pectoral fin index and critical swimming speed indicative of reduced swimming performance displayed by fish afflicted with a pectoral fin index, 8%. Fin-curl severity, however, did not affect the station-holding ability of individual fish. Rather, fish affected with severe fin-curl were likely unable to use their pectoral fins to position their body adequately in the water column, which led to the early onset of fatigue. Results generated from this study should serve as an important consideration for future stocking practices. C1 [Deslauriers, David; Johnston, Ryan] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, SNP Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Management, SNP Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Deslauriers, D (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, SNP Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM david.deslauriers@sdstate.edu FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (MIPR) [W59XQ611641574] FX Funding for this project has been provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (MIPR # W59XQ611641574). NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 198 EP 204 DI 10.3996/092015-JFWM-087 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9CT UT WOS:000378082600020 ER PT J AU Ward, DL Morton-Starner, R Vaage, B AF Ward, David L. Morton-Starner, Rylan Vaage, Ben TI Effects of Turbidity on Predation Vulnerability of Juvenile Humpback Chub to Rainbow Trout and Brown Trout SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE humpback chub; rainbow trout; brown trout; Colorado River; Grand Canyon; predation; turbidity ID COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; GRAND-CANYON; LIFE-HISTORY; GILA-CYPHA; ARIZONA; FISHES; TEMPERATURE; SEDIMENT; GROWTH; PREY AB Predation on juvenile native fish by introduced rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta is considered a significant threat to the persistence of endangered humpback chub Gila cypha in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Diet studies of rainbow trout and brown trout in Glen and Grand canyons indicate that these species eat native fish, but impacts are difficult to assess because predation vulnerability is highly variable depending on the physical conditions under which the predation interactions take place. We conducted laboratory experiments to evaluate how short-term predation vulnerability of juvenile humpback chub changes in response to changes in turbidity. In overnight laboratory trials, we exposed hatchery-reared juvenile humpback chub and bonytail Gila elegans (a surrogate for humpback chub) to adult rainbow trout and brown trout at turbidities ranging from 0 to 1,000 formazin nephlometric units. We found that turbidity as low as 25 formazin nephlometric units significantly reduced predation vulnerability of bonytail to rainbow trout and led to a 36% mean increase in survival (24-60%, 95% CI) compared to trials conducted in clear water. Predation vulnerability of bonytail to brown trout at 25 formazin nephlometric units also decreased with increasing turbidity and resulted in a 25% increase in survival on average (17-32%, 95% CI). Understanding the effects of predation by trout on endangered humpback chub is important when evaluating management options aimed at preservation of native fishes in Grand Canyon National Park. This research suggests that relatively small changes in turbidity may be sufficient to alter predation dynamics of trout on humpback chub in the mainstem Colorado River and that turbidity manipulation may warrant further investigation as a fisheries management tool. C1 [Ward, David L.; Morton-Starner, Rylan; Vaage, Ben] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Ward, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dlward@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 9 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.3996/102015-JFWM-101 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9CT UT WOS:000378082600021 ER PT J AU Kofron, CP Villablanca, FX AF Kofron, Christopher P. Villablanca, Francis X. TI Decline of the Endangered Morro Bay Kangaroo Rat in California SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Baywood Fine Sand; California; conservation-reliant; Dipodomys heermanni morroensis; endangered; Morro Bay kangaroo rat ID DIPODOMYS-HEERMANNI-ARENAE; KEYSTONE RODENT; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; SMALL MAMMALS; POPULATIONS; GRASSLAND; CONSERVATION; GRANIVORY; HETEROMYIDAE; VEGETATION AB The Morro Bay kangaroo rat Dipodomys heermanni morroensis occurs in the vicinity of Morro Bay (specifically in and near Los Osos) in western San Luis Obispo County in coastal central California. It was listed as endangered pursuant to the U.S. Endangered Species Conservation Act in 1970 and subsequently the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 1973. Field research from the late 1950s to the mid-1980s has documented a rapid population decline. Despite many efforts, researchers have not captured the Morro Bay kangaroo rat since 1986, and the last captive individual died in 1993. We review the biology and conservation status of the Morro Bay kangaroo rat, including taxonomy and genetics, soil type and burrows, history of decline, primary causes of decline, breeding in the wild and in captivity, habitat restoration, and threats. In particular, there are two primary causes of decline. First, development (urban, agricultural, and industrial) has resulted in direct loss of habitat. Second, in the absence of fire, the early seral stages of coastal dune scrub (optimal habitat) have matured to later successional stages of vegetation, which are denser and with substantially fewer annual food plants, and which negatively impact the locomotion of kangaroo rats and change the diversity of the small mammal community with a likely increase in competition. In 2016 only pockets of habitat remain, with optimal habitat comprising an estimated 1% of the historical geographic range. Although researchers have not demonstrated predation by domestic cats, it is likely a major threat and we suspect it has contributed to the decline based upon a review of the literature. In 2011 we observed potential signs of the Morro Bay kangaroo rat at two historical areas, which suggests it may be persisting at extremely low densities in a few isolated colonies. In addition, we could not obtain permission to survey on four private properties with potential habitat. In consideration of the vast loss and fragmentation of its habitat, along with the continuing and pervasive threats, the Morro Bay kangaroo rat is clearly conservation-reliant. We believe that without urgent human intervention, the Morro Bay kangaroo rat will soon become extinct if it is not already. C1 [Kofron, Christopher P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2493 Portola Rd,Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. [Villablanca, Francis X.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Kofron, CP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2493 Portola Rd,Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003 USA.; Villablanca, FX (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. EM chris_kofron@fws.gov; fvillabl@calpoly.edu NR 112 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 237 EP 254 DI 10.3996/102014-JFWM-078 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9CT UT WOS:000378082600025 ER PT J AU Abella, SR Berry, KH AF Abella, Scott R. Berry, Kristin H. TI Enhancing and Restoring Habitat for the Desert Tortoise SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE annual plants; burrow; disturbance; forage; grazing; restoration; revegetation ID EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT; BLACKBRUSH COLEOGYNE-RAMOSISSIMA; BIDIRECTIONAL RECOVERY PATTERNS; MUSTARD BRASSICA-TOURNEFORTII; AQUEDUCT PIPELINE CORRIDOR; NATIONAL TRAINING-CENTER; MINING REGIONS EXAMPLES; NEVADA TEST-SITE; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; ANNUAL PLANTS AB Habitat has changed unfavorably during the past 150 y for the desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii, a federally threatened species with declining populations in the Mojave Desert and western Sonoran Desert. To support recovery efforts, we synthesized published information on relationships of desert tortoises with three habitat features (cover sites, forage, and soil) and candidate management practices for improving these features for tortoises. In addition to their role in soil health and facilitating recruitment of annual forage plants, shrubs are used by desert tortoises for cover and as sites for burrows. Outplanting greenhouse-grown seedlings, protected from herbivory, has successfully restored (>50% survival) a variety of shrubs on disturbed desert soils. Additionally, salvaging and reapplying topsoil using effective techniques is among the more ecologically beneficial ways to initiate plant recovery after severe disturbance. Through differences in biochemical composition and digestibility, some plant species provide better-quality forage than others. Desert tortoises selectively forage on particular annual and herbaceous perennial species (e.g., legumes), and forage selection shifts during the year as different plants grow or mature. Nonnative grasses provide low-quality forage and contribute fuel to spreading wildfires, which damage or kill shrubs that tortoises use for cover. Maintaining a diverse "menu" of native annual forbs and decreasing nonnative grasses are priorities for restoring most desert tortoise habitats. Reducing herbivory by nonnative animals, carefully timing herbicide applications, and strategically augmenting annual forage plants via seeding show promise for improving tortoise forage quality. Roads, another disturbance, negatively affect habitat in numerous ways (e.g., compacting soil, altering hydrology). Techniques such as recontouring road berms to reestablish drainage patterns, vertical mulching ("planting" dead plant material), and creating barriers to prevent trespasses can assist natural recovery on decommissioned backcountry roads. Most habitat enhancement efforts to date have focused on only one factor at a time (e.g., providing fencing) and have not included proactive restoration activities (e.g., planting native species on disturbed soils). A research and management priority in recovering desert tortoise habitats is implementing an integrated set of restorative habitat enhancements (e.g., reducing nonnative plants, improving forage quality, augmenting native perennial plants, and ameliorating altered hydrology) and monitoring short-and long-term indicators of habitat condition and the responses of desert tortoises to habitat restoration. C1 [Abella, Scott R.] Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Abella, Scott R.] Nat Resource Conservat LLC, 1400 Colorado St, Boulder City, NV 89005 USA. [Berry, Kristin H.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 21803 Cactus Ave,Suite F, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. RP Abella, SR (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.; Abella, SR (reprint author), Nat Resource Conservat LLC, 1400 Colorado St, Boulder City, NV 89005 USA. EM scott.abella@unlv.edu FU Desert Tortoise Council FX The Desert Tortoise Council funded this synthesis through a grant to Natural Resource Conservation LLC, aided by in-kind matching from Natural Resource Conservation LLC. NR 181 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 28 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 255 EP 279 DI 10.3996/052015-JFWM-046 PG 25 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9CT UT WOS:000378082600026 ER PT J AU van der Burg, MP Thomas, CC Holcombe, T Nelson, RD AF van der Burg, Max Post Thomas, Catherine Cullinane Holcombe, Tracy Nelson, Richard D. TI Benefits and Limitations of Using Decision-Analytic Tools to Assess Uncertainty and Prioritize Landscape Conservation Cooperative Information Needs SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE decision analysis; structured decision making; value of information; Landscape Conservation Cooperatives ID SPECIES MANAGEMENT AB The Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs) are a network of partnerships throughout North America that are tasked with integrating science and management to support more effective delivery of conservation at a landscape scale. To achieve this integration, some LCCs have adopted the approach of providing their partners with better scientific information in an effort to facilitate more efficient and coordinated conservation decisions. Taking this approach has led many LCCs to begin funding research to provide the information for improved decision making. To ensure that funding goes to research projects with the highest likelihood of leading to more integrated broad-scale conservation, some LCCs have also developed approaches for prioritizing which information needs will be of most benefit to their partnerships. We describe two case studies in which decision-analytic tools were used to quantitatively assess the relative importance of information for decisions made by partners in the Plains and Prairie Potholes LCC. The results of the case studies point toward a few valuable lessons in terms of using these tools with LCCs. Decision-analytic tools tend to help shift focus away from research-oriented discussions and toward discussions about how information is used in making better decisions. However, many technical experts do not have enough knowledge about decision-making contexts to fully inform the latter type of discussion. When assessed in the right decision context, however, decision analyses can point out where uncertainties actually affect optimal decisions and where they do not. This helps technical experts understand that not all research is valuable in improving decision making. Perhaps most important, our results suggest that decision-analytic tools may be more useful for LCCs as a way of developing integrated objectives for coordinating partner decisions across the landscape, rather than simply ranking research priorities. C1 [van der Burg, Max Post] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Thomas, Catherine Cullinane; Holcombe, Tracy] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Nelson, Richard D.] Plains & Prairie Potholes Landscape Conservat Coo, 3425 Miriam Ave, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP van der Burg, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov OI Post van der Burg, Max/0000-0002-3943-4194 FU U.S. Geological Survey North Central Climate Science Center FX We thank the members of the Plains and Prairie Potholes Landscape Conservation Cooperative who participated in the workshops and provided feedback about the process for both workshops. We also thank Karen Jenni of Insight Decisions, LLC and Timothy Nieman of Decision Applications, Inc. for help in facilitating the workshop associated with the first case study, and the U.S. Geological Survey North Central Climate Science Center for providing support for the workshop used as the basis for our second case study. We also thank Andrea Ray with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Prediction and Projection Pilot Platform for assistance with the model developed in case study 2. Finally, we thank D. Smith, M. Runge, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 280 EP 290 DI 10.3996/032015-JFWM-023 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9CT UT WOS:000378082600027 ER PT J AU Malakauskas, DM Snipes, RB Thompson, AM Schloesser, DW AF Malakauskas, David M. Snipes, R. Benjamin Thompson, Ann M. Schloesser, Donald W. TI Molecular evidence of undescribed Ceratonova sp (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) in the freshwater polychaete, Manayunkia speciosa, from western Lake Erie SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phylogeny; Barcoding; ITS; Myxozoa; COI; Aquatic ID CERATOMYXA-SHASTA; KLAMATH RIVER; CHINOOK SALMON; NORTH-AMERICA; GREAT-LAKES; PARASITE; MYXOZOA; SEQUENCE; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; PREVALENCE AB We used PCR to screen pooled individuals of Manayunkia speciosa from western Lake Erie, Michigan, USA for myxosporean parasites. Amplicons from positive PCRs were sequenced and showed a Ceratonova species in an estimated 1.1% (95% CI = 0.46%, 1.8%) of M. speciosa individuals. We sequenced 18S, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2 and most of the 28S rDNA regions of this Ceratonova sp., and part of the protein-coding EF2 gene. Phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal and EF2 sequences showed the Lake Erie Ceratonova sp. is most similar to, but genetically distinct from, Ceratonova shasta. Marked interspecific polymorphism in all genes examined, including the ITS barcoding genes, along with geographic location suggests this is an undescribed Ceratonova species. COI sequences showed M. speciosa individuals in Michigan and California are the same species. These findings represent a third parasite in the genus Ceratonova potentially hosted by M. speciosa. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Malakauskas, David M.; Snipes, R. Benjamin; Thompson, Ann M.] Francis Marion Univ, Dept Biol, POB 100547, Florence, SC 29502 USA. [Schloesser, Donald W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Malakauskas, DM (reprint author), Francis Marion Univ, Dept Biol, POB 100547, Florence, SC 29502 USA. EM dmalakauskas@fmarion.edu; rsnipes2382@g.fmarion.edu; athompson4804@g.fmarion.edu; dschloesser@usgs.gov FU Francis Marion University; REAL; U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center FX We thank S. Foott and M. Wilzbach who provided specimens, C. Leyers for lab work, an anonymous U.S. Geological Survey reviewer and two additional anonymous reviewers for critiques of an earlier manuscript. This work was funded by contributions from the Francis Marion University Professional Development and REAL grants and the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. This article is contribution number 2033 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Ann Arbor, MI. Any use of trade, product, or firm name is intended for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 137 BP 49 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2016.05.001 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DP2EL UT WOS:000378300800007 PM 27150245 ER PT J AU Till, AB AF Till, Alison B. TI A synthesis of Jurassic and Early Cretaceous crustal evolution along the southern margin of the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka microplate and implications for defining tectonic boundaries active during opening of Arctic Ocean basins SO LITHOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL BROOKS RANGE; YUKON-KOYUKUK BASIN; DETRITAL ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY; SEWARD PENINSULA; METAMORPHIC ROCKS; NORTHERN ALASKA; FORELAND BASIN; GNEISS DOME; FISSION-TRACK; SCHIST BELT AB A synthesis of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous collision-related metamorphic events in the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka microplate clarifies its likely movement history during opening of the Amerasian and Canada basins. Comprehensive tectonic reconstructions of basin opening have been problematic, in part, because of the large size of the microplate, uncertainties in the location and kinematics of structures bounding the microplate, and lack of information on its internal deformation history. Many reconstructions have treated Arctic Alaska and Chukotka as a single crustal entity largely on the basis of similarities in their Mesozoic structural trends and similar late Proterozoic and early Paleozoic histories. Others have located Chukotka near Siberia during the Triassic and Jurassic, on the basis of detrital zircon age populations, and suggested that it was Arctic Alaska alone that rotated. The Mesozoic metamorphic histories of Arctic Alaska and Chukotka can be used to test the validity of these two approaches. A synthesis of the distribution, character, and timing of metamorphic events reveals substantial differences in the histories of the southern margin of the microplate in Chukotka in comparison to Arctic Alaska and places specific limitations on tectonic reconstructions. During the Late Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous, the Arctic Alaska margin was subducted to the south, while the Chukotka margin was the upper plate of a north-dipping subduction zone or a zone of transpression. An early Aptian blueschist-and greenschist-facies belt records the most profound crustal thickening event in the evolution of the orogen. It may have resulted in thicknesses of 50-60 km and was likely the cause of flexural subsidence in the foredeep of the Brooks Range. This event involved northern Alaska and northeasternmost Chukotka; it did not involve central and western Chukotka. Arctic Alaska and Chukotka evolved separately until the Aptian thickening event, which was likely a result of the rotation of Arctic Alaska into central and western Chukotka. In northeastern Chukotka, the thickened rocks are separated from the relatively little thickened continental crust of the remainder of Chukotka by the oceanic rocks of the Kolyuchin-Mechigmen zone. The zone is a candidate for an Early Cretaceous suture that separated most of Chukotka from northeast Chukotka and Alaska. Albian patterns of magmatism, metamorphism, and deformation in Chukotka and the Seward Peninsula may represent an example of escape tectonics that developed in response to final amalgamation of Chukotka with Eurasia. C1 [Till, Alison B.] US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Till, AB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 134 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1941-8264 EI 1947-4253 J9 LITHOSPHERE-US JI Lithosphere PD JUN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 3 BP 219 EP 237 DI 10.1130/L471.1 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA DO9MW UT WOS:000378111700002 ER PT J AU Walvoord, MA Kurylyk, BL AF Walvoord, Michelle A. Kurylyk, Barret L. TI Hydrologic Impacts of Thawing Permafrost-A Review SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID ACTIVE-LAYER THICKNESS; NEAR-SURFACE PERMAFROST; BOREAL CATCHMENT UNDERLAIN; NORTHERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WESTERN ARCTIC COAST; KUPARUK RIVER-BASIN; WATER-BALANCE MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; EASTERN SIBERIA AB Where present, permafrost exerts a primary control on water fluxes, flow-paths, and distribution. Climate warming and related drivers of soil thermal change are expected to modify the distribution of permafrost, leading to changing hydrologic conditions, including alterations in soil moisture, connectivity of inland waters, streamflow seasonality, and the partitioning of water stored above and below ground. The field of permafrost hydrology is undergoing rapid advancement with respect to multiscale observations, subsurface characterization, modeling, and integration with other disciplines. However, gaining predictive capability of the many interrelated consequences of climate change is a persistent challenge due to several factors. Observations of hydrologic change have been causally linked to permafrost thaw, but applications of process-based models needed to support and enhance the transferability of empirical linkages have often been restricted to generalized representations. Limitations stem from inadequate baseline permafrost and unfrozen hydrogeologic characterization, lack of historical data, and simplifications in structure and process representation needed to counter the high computational demands of cryohydrogeologic simulations. Further, due in part to the large degree of subsurface heterogeneity of permafrost landscapes and the nonuniformity in thaw patterns and rates, associations between various modes of permafrost thaw and hydrologic change are not readily scalable; even trajectories of change can differ. This review highlights promising advances in characterization and modeling of permafrost regions and presents ongoing research challenges toward projecting hydrologic and ecologic consequences of permafrost thaw at time and spatial scales that are useful to managers and researchers. C1 [Walvoord, Michelle A.] USGS, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO USA. [Kurylyk, Barret L.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB, Canada. RP Walvoord, MA (reprint author), USGS, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO USA. EM walvoord@usgs.gov FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Killam Trust; University of Calgary Eyes High program; USGS National Research Program; NASA ABoVE campaign FX We thank VZJ co-editor David Stonestrom (USGS) for the invitation to provide this review. We also thank Fred Day-Lewis (USGS) for the conception of Fig. 6 and for offering insightful comments on the manuscript. Three anonymous reviewers and the associate editor, Masaki Hayashi, provided useful suggestions for improving the manuscript. B. Kurylyk was funded by postdoctoral fellowships provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Killam Trust, and the University of Calgary Eyes High program. M. Walvoord gratefully acknowledges support from the USGS National Research Program and the NASA ABoVE campaign. NR 179 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 28 U2 53 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 15 IS 6 DI 10.2136/vzj2016.01.0010 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA DP2PX UT WOS:000378332500006 ER PT J AU Mills, KL Gaydos, JK Fiorello, CV Whitmer, ER De La Cruz, S Mulcahy, DM Vilchis, LI Ziccardi, MH AF Mills, Kyra L. Gaydos, Joseph K. Fiorello, Christine V. Whitmer, Emily R. De La Cruz, Susan Mulcahy, Daniel M. Vilchis, L. Ignacio Ziccardi, Michael H. TI Post-release Survival and Movement of Western Grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) Implanted with Intracoelomic Satellite Transmitters SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Aechmophorus occidentalis; migration; satellite transmitter; surgical implantation; Western Grebe ID PERCUTANEOUS ANTENNAE; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; COMMON EIDERS; PERFORMANCE; MIGRATION; PENGUINS; RADIOTRANSMITTERS; CALIFORNIA; MORTALITY; TELEMETRY AB The main goal of this study was to gain knowledge on post-release survival and movement of Western Grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) using a modified technique for implanting satellite transmitters. This technique had improved post-surgical survival in an earlier study. Nine Western Grebes, implanted with intracoelomic (within the body cavity) satellite transmitters with percutaneous antennae, were released close to their capture site in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Eight survived at least 25 days (average number of transmittal days was 140.8), while two had transmitters that provided data for greater than 1 year (436 and 454 days). The average cumulative distance recorded for all Western Grebes (n = 9) was 829 km with two round-trip movements documented. One individual Western Grebe traveled a cumulative round-trip distance of 2,144 km in July and November 2011, while another individual traveled a round-trip distance of 1,514 km between 8 and 14 December 2011. This study provides a step forward in testing implantable satellite transmitters in Western Grebes and highlights the need to further improve tracking methods, potentially improving our understanding of their population threats. C1 [Mills, Kyra L.; Fiorello, Christine V.; Whitmer, Emily R.; Ziccardi, Michael H.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Karen C Drayer Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Oiled Wildlife Care Network, 1089 Vet Dr VM3B, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gaydos, Joseph K.] Univ Calif Davis, Orcas Isl Off, Karen C Drayer Wildlife Hlth Ctr, SeaDoc Soc, 942 Deer Harbor Rd, Eastsound, WA 98245 USA. [De La Cruz, Susan] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Mulcahy, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Vilchis, L. Ignacio] San Diego Zoo Inst Conservat Res, Div Appl Anim Ecol, San Diego, CA 92027 USA. RP Mills, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Karen C Drayer Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Oiled Wildlife Care Network, 1089 Vet Dr VM3B, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kyparker@ucdavis.edu FU California Department of Fish and Wildlife; Office of Spill Prevention and Response; Oiled Wildlife Care Network; Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center; University of California, Davis; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; U.S. Geological Survey; SeaDoc Society (a program of the Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, University of California, Davis) FX We thank T. Cyra, S. Dallmann, B. Elias, J. Even son, L. Henkel, B. Murphy and H. Robinson for help capturing Western Grebes, and R. S. Larsen for veterinary surgical and anesthesia support. In addition, J. G. Massey, N. Warnock and Y. Hernandez helped in the early design of this project and K. Thomas assisted with mapping and home range data analysis, for which we are most grateful. The study was funded by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Office of Spill Prevention and Response, and the Oiled Wildlife Care Network, Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, University of California, Davis, with in-kind support from the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, the U.S. Geological Survey and the SeaDoc Society (a program of the Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, University of California, Davis). The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Work was completed in accordance with all appropriate State, Federal and university regulations and policies including the U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory with Federal Master Bander permit #23539, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Scientific Collection Permit #MB191637-0, and the California Department of Fish and Wildlife Scientific Collection Permit #SC-003855. All procedures were conducted under University of California at Davis Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol #15110. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 2 BP 175 EP 186 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DP0NQ UT WOS:000378186900006 ER PT J AU Courtot, KN Roby, DD Kerr, LH Lyons, DE Adkins, JY AF Courtot, Karen N. Roby, Daniel D. Kerr, Lauren H. Lyons, Donald E. Adkins, Jessica Y. TI A Low-disturbance Capture Technique for Ground-nesting Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE avian capture; capture method; Double-crested Cormorant; Phalacrocorax auritus; social attraction; Suliformes ID INVESTIGATOR DISTURBANCE; BIRDS; KITTIWAKES; COLONIES; BLINDS; ACCESS; TUNNEL AB Capturing breeding adults of colonially nesting species can entail risks of nest failure and even colony abandonment, especially in species that react strongly to human disturbance. A low-disturbance technique for capturing specific adult Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) at a ground-nesting colony was developed to reduce these risks and is described here. Nesting habitat enhancement was used to attract Double crested Cormorants to nest adjacent to above-ground tunnels constructed so that researchers could capture birds by hand. Using this technique, Double-crested Cormorants (n = 87) were captured during the incubation and chick-rearing stages of the nesting cycle. Unlike alternative capture techniques, this approach allowed targeting of specific individuals for capture and recapture, minimized local disturbance, and eliminated colony-wide disturbances. The tunnel-based system presented here could be adapted to capture adults or to access the nest contents of other ground-nesting colonial species that are inclined to nest in areas of enhanced nesting habitat and adapt to anthropogenic structures in their nesting area. This system would be particularly beneficial for other wary and easily disturbed species. C1 [Courtot, Karen N.; Kerr, Lauren H.; Lyons, Donald E.; Adkins, Jessica Y.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Courtot, Karen N.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Adkins, JY (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM adkinsjy@yahoo.com OI Courtot, Karen/0000-0002-8849-4054 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, Portland, Oregon; Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, Oregon; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 1 Migratory Bird Office, Portland, Oregon); Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (Salem, Oregon) FX We thank K. Atkins, L. Bayliss, S. Collar, T. Marcella, and M. Mudge for valuable assistance in the field and input into the tunnel design. Funding was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, Portland, Oregon (Geoff Dorsey and Paul Schmidt) and the Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, Oregon (Dorothy Welch). Our research was conducted under the following permits: U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Bird Banding Permit 05271 and Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Scientific Taking Permits 083-08 and 093-09. Permits were granted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 1 Migratory Bird Office, Portland, Oregon) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (Salem, Oregon). All animal handling protocols were approved by the Oregon State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank D. Craig and two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments that improved an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 2 BP 193 EP 198 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DP0NQ UT WOS:000378186900008 ER PT J AU Parks, MA Collazo, JA Colon, JA Alvarez, KRR Diaz, O AF Parks, Morgan A. Collazo, Jaime A. Colon, Jose A. Alvarez, Katsi R. Ramos Diaz, Oscar TI Change in Numbers of Resident and Migratory Shorebirds at the Cabo Rojo Salt Flats, Puerto Rico, USA (1985-2014) SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Cabo Rojo; Calidrids; Caribbean; population declines; salt flats; shorebirds; surveys ID SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPERS; DECLINES AB North American migratory shorebirds have declined markedly since the 1980s, underscoring the importance of population surveys to conduct status and trend assessments. Shorebird surveys were conducted during three multi-year periods between 1985 and 2014 and used to assess changes in numbers and species composition at the Cabo Rojo Salt Flats, Puerto Rico, USA, a site of regional importance in the eastern Caribbean. Eight fewer species (total = 21) were recorded in 2013-2014 as compared to the 29 from 1985-1992; all eight species were Nearctic migrants. Small calidrids had the highest population counts; however, this suite of species and all others experienced a >= 70% decline. Combined counts from the salt flats and neighboring wetlands in 2013-2014 were lower than counts only from the Cabo Rojo Salt Flats in two previous multi-year survey periods, which indicated a real change in numbers not just a shift in wetland use. Invertebrate prey density was lower in 2013-2014 than in 1994. Body fat condition of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla), an index of habitat quality, did not differ between 1985-1992 and 2013-2014. These findings do not exclude the possibility that other species might be affected by lower prey density, or that local declines in numbers reflect changes at hemispheric, not local, scales. The magnitude of change between local and hemispheric scales closely matched for some species. Continued monitoring at the salt flats is warranted to help gauge the status of shorebirds in Puerto Rico and discern the probable cause of declines. Monitoring other sites in the Caribbean is needed for stronger inferences about regional status and trends. C1 [Parks, Morgan A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Colon, Jose A.] POB 1656, Ciales, PR 00638 USA. [Alvarez, Katsi R. Ramos] Puerto Rico Dept Nat & Environm Resources, Yellow Shouldered Blackbird Project, POB 3665 Marina Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Diaz, Oscar] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cabo Rojo Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 510, Boqueron, PR 00622 USA. RP Collazo, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jcollazo@ncsu.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; P.R. Department of Natural and Environmental Resources FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and P.R. Department of Natural and Environmental Resources for financially supporting this project. We thank B. Brown, A. Falcon, L. Sanoguet, A. Irizarry, L. Sepulveda, R. Rivera, F. Stetler, J. Irizarry, B. Romero, A. Munters, D. Herman, D. Hardgrove, and A. Davila for their assistance in the field. We also thank J. Lyons and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Field work was done under North Carolina State University IACUC permit 13-068-B. Any use of trade, product, or firms names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 2 BP 209 EP 214 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DP0NQ UT WOS:000378186900011 ER PT J AU Van den Bussche, RA Lee, DN Judkins, ME Dyer, JE Thompson, DM Stark, RC Puckette, WL Fuller, B AF Van den Bussche, Ronald A. Lee, Dana N. Judkins, Megan E. Dyer, Jenny E. Thompson, Denise M. Stark, Richard C. Puckette, William L. Fuller, Brian TI Molecular dietary analysis of the endangered Ozark big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii ingens) SO ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE molecular analysis; cytochrome c oxidase; diet; Ozark big-eared bat ID PLECOTUS-TOWNSENDII; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FORAGING ACTIVITY; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; PREY SELECTION; ARTHROPOD PREY; FOOD-HABITS; SAMPLE AGE; FECAL DNA AB Molecular techniques allow amplification of a mitochondrial barcoding gene, cytochrome c oxidase (COI), of prey DNA in bat fecal material that can be used to identify insect species. Most studies designed to use a molecular approach for dietary studies of bats suggest that fecal material should be collected within one week of deposit to prevent environmental degradation or contamination. However, Ozark big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii ingens) are highly susceptible to human disturbance. The purpose of this study was to performing a molecular dietary analysis of Ozark big-eared bats. Our study detected 40 species representing two orders (Diptera and Lepidoptera) and 11 families of insects and thus, providing new information regarding dietary habits of Ozark big-eared bats. C1 [Van den Bussche, Ronald A.; Lee, Dana N.; Judkins, Megan E.; Dyer, Jenny E.; Thompson, Denise M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Lee, Dana N.] McMurry Univ, Dept Biol, Abilene, TX 79697 USA. [Stark, Richard C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ozark Plateau Natl Wildlife Refuge, Tulsa, OK 74129 USA. [Puckette, William L.] Poteau Publ Sch Dist, 100 Mockingbird Lane, Poteau, OK 74953 USA. [Fuller, Brian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oklahoma Ecol Serv Field Off, Tulsa, OK 74129 USA. RP Van den Bussche, RA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM ron.van_den_bussche@okstate.edu FU Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation [E-77-R]; Oklahoma State University; Bat Conservation International Student Research Scholarship FX We would like to thank Steve Hensley for help collecting guano samples and Taylor Farris for laboratory assistance. Constructive comments on earlier versions of this manuscript were provided by Meredith Hamilton, David Leslie, Jr., Loren Ammerman, Anthony Echelle, and Ana Gabriel. Financial support was provided in part by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation through the Endangered Species Act, Section 6, Project E-77-R, and Oklahoma State University, with additional support provided by a Bat Conservation International Student Research Scholarship to D. N. Lee. This project was administered through the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wild life Re search Unit (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University, United States Geological Survey, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 22 PU MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY PAS-POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA WILCZA STREET 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1508-1109 EI 1733-5329 J9 ACTA CHIROPTEROL JI Acta Chiropt. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 18 IS 1 BP 181 EP 191 DI 10.3161/15081109ACC2016.18.1.008 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DO4ZT UT WOS:000377794100008 ER PT J AU Probert, WJM Shea, K Fonnesbeck, CJ Runge, MC Carpenter, TE Durr, S Garner, MG Harvey, N Stevenson, MA Webb, CT Werkman, M Tildesley, MJ Ferrari, MJ AF Probert, William J. M. Shea, Katriona Fonnesbeck, Christopher J. Runge, Michael C. Carpenter, Tim E. Durr, Salome Garner, M. Graeme Harvey, Neil Stevenson, Mark A. Webb, Colleen T. Werkman, Marleen Tildesley, Michael J. Ferrari, Matthew J. TI Decision-making for foot-and-mouth disease control: Objectives matter SO EPIDEMICS LA English DT Article DE Epidemiology; Management; Decision making; Optimisation; Objectives; Foot-and-mouth disease ID ALTERNATIVE CONTROL STRATEGIES; SIMULATION-MODEL; VACCINATION STRATEGIES; GREAT-BRITAIN; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIC; SPREAD; UK; POPULATION AB Formal decision-analytic methods can be used to frame disease control problems, the first step of which is to define a clear and specific objective. We demonstrate the imperative of framing clearly-defined management objectives in finding optimal control actions for control of disease outbreaks. We illustrate an analysis that can be applied rapidly at the start of an outbreak when there are multiple stakeholders involved with potentially multiple objectives, and when there are also multiple disease models upon which to compare control actions. The output of our analysis frames subsequent discourse between policy-makers, modellers and other stakeholders, by highlighting areas of discord among different management objectives and also among different models used in the analysis. We illustrate this approach in the context of a hypothetical foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in Cumbria, UK using outputs from five rigorously-studied simulation models of FMD spread. We present both relative rankings and relative performance of controls within each model and across a range of objectives. Results illustrate how control actions change across both the base metric used to measure management success and across the statistic used to rank control actions according to said metric. This work represents a first step towards reconciling the extensive modelling work on disease control problems with frameworks for structured decision making. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Probert, William J. M.; Shea, Katriona; Ferrari, Matthew J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, Eberly Coll Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Probert, William J. M.; Shea, Katriona] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Probert, William J. M.; Shea, Katriona] Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Degree Program Ecol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fonnesbeck, Christopher J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biostat, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD USA. [Carpenter, Tim E.] Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, EpiCtr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Durr, Salome] Univ Bern, Vet Publ Hlth Inst, Bern, Switzerland. [Garner, M. Graeme] Australian Govt, Dept Agr, Anim Hlth Policy Branch, GPO Box 858, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Harvey, Neil] Univ Guelph, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Stevenson, Mark A.] Univ Melbourne, Fac Vet Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Probert, William J. M.; Webb, Colleen T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Probert, William J. M.; Werkman, Marleen; Tildesley, Michael J.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Vet Med & Sci, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leics, England. [Werkman, Marleen] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Cent Vet Inst, Houtribweg 39, NL-8221 RA Lelystad, Netherlands. RP Probert, WJM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, Eberly Coll Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Probert, WJM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Probert, WJM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Degree Program Ecol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Probert, WJM (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Vet Med & Sci, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leics, England. EM wjp11@psu.edu RI Shea, Katriona/B-7954-2008; Durr, Salome/C-1343-2014; OI Shea, Katriona/0000-0002-7607-8248; Durr, Salome/0000-0002-7321-5980; Stevenson, Mark/0000-0003-1890-9784 FU Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) program of the Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security; Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease program of the NSF/NIH [1 R01 GM105247-01]; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; BBSRC [BB/K010972/3] FX Two meetings that contributing to this work are funded by The Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) program of the Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security.; WP, KS, CF, MR, MT, and MF are supported by a grant from the Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease program of the NSF/NIH (award number 1 R01 GM105247-01). MF is separately funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. MT and MW were funded by the BBSRC grant no. BB/K010972/3. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1755-4365 J9 EPIDEMICS-NETH JI Epidemics PD JUN PY 2016 VL 15 BP 10 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.epidem.2015.11.002 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA DO6CK UT WOS:000377870200002 PM 27266845 ER PT J AU Soto, E Yu, S Hansen, J AF Soto, Esteban Yu, Susan Hansen, John TI Interaction of Francisella noatunensis subsp orientalis with Oreochromis mossambicus Bulbus arteriosus cell line SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Francisella; endothelium; mutant; temperature; tilapia C1 [Soto, Esteban; Yu, Susan] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hansen, John] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM sotomartinez@ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 EI 1095-9947 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 53 SI SI MA O-099 BP 92 EP 92 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA DO4CW UT WOS:000377730400106 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD Woodson, JC Deas, E McPherson, V Welch, TJ AF Hansen, John D. Woodson, James C. Deas, Emma McPherson, Victoria Welch, Timothy J. TI An outbreak of Plesiomonas shigelloides in zebrafish SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Zebrafish; Plesiomonas; Inflammation; Disease; Antibiotics C1 [Hansen, John D.; Woodson, James C.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Hansen, John D.; Deas, Emma; McPherson, Victoria] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Welch, Timothy J.] ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM jhansen@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 EI 1095-9947 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 53 SI SI MA O-003 BP 95 EP 96 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA DO4CW UT WOS:000377730400114 ER PT J AU Salinas, I Sunyer, OJ Hansen, JD AF Salinas, Irene Sunyer, Oriol J. Hansen, John D. TI CIRNAS: Collaborative immune reagent network for aquacultured species SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE trout; salmon; tilapia; catfish; reagent C1 [Salinas, Irene] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Ctr Evolutionary & Theoret Immunol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Sunyer, Oriol J.] Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hansen, John D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM jhansen@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 EI 1095-9947 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 53 SI SI MA O-019 BP 100 EP 101 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA DO4CW UT WOS:000377730400130 ER PT J AU Das, SR Woodson, JC Hansen, JD AF Das, Siba R. Woodson, James C. Hansen, John D. TI EE2 impacts innate immune pathways in zebrafish SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Zebrafish; Innate; PAMP; miRNA; EE2 C1 [Das, Siba R.; Woodson, James C.; Hansen, John D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Das, Siba R.; Hansen, John D.] Pacific Northwest Diabet Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA. [Das, Siba R.; Woodson, James C.; Hansen, John D.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jhansen@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 EI 1095-9947 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 53 SI SI MA O-033 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA DO4CW UT WOS:000377730400144 ER PT J AU Purcell, MK Powers, RL Ballesteros, N AF Purcell, Maureen K. Powers, Rachel L. Ballesteros, Natalia TI Persistence of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in steelhead trout SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Temperature; Transmission; Natural populations; Rhandovirus; Carrier C1 [Purcell, Maureen K.; Powers, Rachel L.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Powers, Rachel L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Ballesteros, Natalia] Ctr Invest Biol, Dept Mol Microbiol, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Ballesteros, Natalia] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. EM mpurcell@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 EI 1095-9947 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 53 SI SI MA O-069 BP 117 EP 117 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA DO4CW UT WOS:000377730400180 ER PT J AU Kalkan, E AF Kalkan, Erol TI An Automatic P-Phase Arrival-Time Picker SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; BROAD-BAND SEISMOGRAM; SEISMIC PHASES; PICKING; IDENTIFICATION; ROBUST; RECOGNITION; RECORDINGS; WAVES; REAL AB Presented is a new approach for picking P-phase arrival time in singlecomponent acceleration or broadband velocity records without requiring detection interval or threshold settings. The algorithm PPHASEPICKER transforms the signal into a response domain of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) oscillator with viscous damping and then tracks the rate of change of dissipated damping energy to pick P-wave phases. The SDOF oscillator has a short natural period and a correspondingly high resonant frequency, which is higher than most frequencies in a seismic wave. It also has a high damping ratio (60% of critical). At this damping level, the frequency response approaches the Butterworth maximally flat magnitude filter, and phase angles are preserved. The relative input energy imparted to the oscillator by the input signal is converted to elastic strain energy and then dissipated by the damping element as damping energy. The damping energy yields a smooth envelope over time; it is zero in the beginning of the signal, zero or near zero before the P-phase arrival, and builds up rapidly with the P wave. Because the damping energy function changes considerably at the onset of the P wave, it is used as a metric to track and pick the P-phase arrival time. The PPHASEPICKER detects P-phase onset using the histogram method. Its performance is compared with picking techniques using short-term-average to long-term-average ratio, and a picking method that finds the first P-phase arrival time using the Akaike information criterion. A large set of records with various intensities and signal-to-noise ratios is used for testing the PPHASEPICKER, and it is demonstrated that PPHASEPICKER is able to more accurately pick the onset of genuine signals against the background noise and to correctly distinguish between whether the first arrival is a P wave (emergent or impulsive) or whether the signal is from a faulty sensor. C1 [Kalkan, Erol] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kalkan, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ekalkan@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 106 IS 3 BP 971 EP 986 DI 10.1785/0120150111 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DO0YK UT WOS:000377504900012 ER PT J AU Fee, D Haney, M Matoza, R Szuberla, C Lyons, J Waythomas, C AF Fee, David Haney, Matt Matoza, Robin Szuberla, Curt Lyons, John Waythomas, Chris TI Seismic Envelope-Based Detection and Location of Ground-Coupled Airwaves from Volcanoes in Alaska SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INFRASOUND; ERUPTION; ARRAYS; TREMOR; LOCALIZATION; PROPAGATION; EXPLOSIONS; INCOHERENT; DIFFERENCE; ALGORITHM AB Volcanic explosions and other infrasonic sources frequently produce acoustic waves that are recorded by seismometers. Here we explore multiple techniques to detect, locate, and characterize ground-coupled airwaves (GCA) on volcano seismic networks in Alaska. GCA waveforms are typically incoherent between stations, thus we use envelope-based techniques in our analyses. For distant sources and planar waves, we use f-k beamforming to estimate back azimuth and trace velocity parameters. For spherical waves originating within the network, we use two related time difference of arrival (TDOA) methods to detect and localize the source. We investigate a modified envelope function to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and emphasize both high energies and energy contrasts within a spectrogram. We apply these methods to recent eruptions from Cleveland, Veniaminof, and Pavlof Volcanoes, Alaska. Array processing of GCA from Cleveland Volcano on 4 May 2013 produces robust detection and wave characterization. Our modified envelopes substantially improve the short-term average/long-term average ratios, enhancing explosion detection. We detect GCA within both the Veniaminof and Pavlof networks from the 2007 and 2013-2014 activity, indicating repeated volcanic explosions. Event clustering and forward modeling suggests that high-resolution localization is possible for GCA on typical volcano seismic networks. These results indicate that GCA can be used to help detect, locate, characterize, and monitor volcanic eruptions, particularly in difficult-to-monitor regions. We have implemented these GCA detection algorithms into our operational volcano-monitoring algorithms at the Alaska Volcano Observatory. C1 [Fee, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr,Room 506G, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Haney, Matt; Lyons, John; Waythomas, Chris] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4230 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Matoza, Robin] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Matoza, Robin] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Szuberla, Curt] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Wilson Alaska Tech Ctr, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Fee, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Wilson Alaska Tech Ctr, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Fee, D (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr,Room 506G, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dfee1@alaska.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1331084, EAR-1113338]; Alaska Volcano Observatory; University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute FX Funding was provided by National Science Foundation Grants EAR-1331084 and EAR-1113338, the Alaska Volcano Observatory, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute. Reviews by Jim Dixon and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments to improve the paper. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 106 IS 3 BP 1024 EP 1035 DI 10.1785/0120150244 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DO0YK UT WOS:000377504900016 ER PT J AU Hardebeck, JL Shelly, DR AF Hardebeck, Jeanne L. Shelly, David R. TI Aftershocks of the 2014 South Napa, California, Earthquake: Complex Faulting on Secondary Faults SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HAYWARD FAULT; FRICTION AB We investigate the aftershock sequence of the 2014 M-w 6.0 South Napa, California, earthquake. Low-magnitude aftershocks missing from the network catalog are detected by applying a matched-filter approach to continuous seismic data, with the catalog earthquakes serving as the waveform templates. We measure precise differential arrival times between events, which we use for double-difference event relocation in a 3D seismic velocity model. Most aftershocks are deeper than the mainshock slip, and most occur on the west of the mapped surface rupture. Although the mainshock coseismic and postseismic slip appears to have occurred on the near-vertical, strike-slip West Napa fault, many of the aftershocks occur in a complex zone of secondary faulting. Earthquake locations in the main aftershock zone, near the mainshock hypocenter, delineate multiple dipping secondary faults. Composite focal mechanisms indicate strike-slip and oblique-reverse faulting on the secondary features. The secondary faults were moved toward failure by Coulomb stress changes from the mainshock slip. Clusters of aftershocks north and south of the main aftershock zone exhibit vertical strike-slip faulting more consistent with the West Napa fault. The northern aftershocks correspond to the area of the largest mainshock coseismic slip, whereas the main aftershock zone is adjacent to the fault area that has primarily slipped postseismically. Unlike most creeping faults, the zone of postseismic slip does not appear to contain embedded stick-slip patches that would have produced on-fault aftershocks. The lack of stick-slip patches along this portion of the fault may contribute to the low productivity of the South Napa aftershock sequence. C1 [Hardebeck, Jeanne L.] US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Shelly, David R.] US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hardebeck, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhardebeck@usgs.gov OI Hardebeck, Jeanne/0000-0002-6737-7780 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 106 IS 3 BP 1100 EP 1109 DI 10.1785/0120150169 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DO0YK UT WOS:000377504900022 ER PT J AU St Fleur, S Bertrand, E Courboulex, F de Lepinay, BM Deschamps, A Hough, S Cultrera, G Boisson, D Prepetit, C AF St Fleur, Sadrac Bertrand, Etienne Courboulex, Francoise de Lepinay, Bernard Mercier Deschamps, Anne Hough, Susan Cultrera, Giovanna Boisson, Dominique Prepetit, Claude TI Site Effects in Port-au-Prince (Haiti) from the Analysis of Spectral Ratio and Numerical Simulations SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GROUND-MOTION; SEISMIC HAZARD; EARTHQUAKE; AMPLIFICATION; WAVES; FAULT; TOPOGRAPHY; VELOCITY; VALLEY; SOILS AB To provide better insight into seismic ground motion in the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area, we investigate site effects at 12 seismological stations by analyzing 78 earthquakes with magnitude smaller than 5 that occurred between 2010 and 2013. Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio on earthquake recordings and a standard spectral ratio were applied to the seismic data. We also propose a simplified lithostratigraphic map and use available geotechnical and geophysical data to construct representative soil columns in the vicinity of each station that allow us to compute numerical transfer functions using 1D simulations. At most of the studied sites, spectral ratios are characterized by weak-motion amplification at frequencies above 5 Hz, in good agreement with the numerical transfer functions. A mismatch between the observed amplifications and simulated response at lower frequencies shows that the considered soil columns could be missing a deeper velocity contrast. Furthermore, strong amplification between 2 and 10 Hz linked to local topographic features is found at one station located in the south of the city, and substantial amplification below 5 Hz is detected near the coastline, which we attribute to deep and soft sediments as well as the presence of surface waves. We conclude that for most investigated sites in Port-auPrince, seismic amplifications due to site effects are highly variable but seem not to be important at high frequencies. At some specific locations, however, they could strongly enhance the low-frequency content of the seismic ground shaking. Although our analysis does not consider nonlinear effects, we thus conclude that, apart from sites close to the coast, sediment-induced amplification probably had only a minor impact on the level of strong ground motion, and was not the main reason for the high level of damage in Port-au-Prince. C1 [St Fleur, Sadrac; Courboulex, Francoise; de Lepinay, Bernard Mercier; Deschamps, Anne] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Observ Cote Azur, CNRS, Geoazur,IRD,UMR 7329, 250 Rue Albert Einstein, F-06560 Valbonne, France. [Bertrand, Etienne] CEREMA DTer Mediterranee, Lab Nice, 56 Blvd Stalingrad, F-06300 Nice, France. [Hough, Susan] US Geol Survey, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Cultrera, Giovanna] INGV, Via Vigna Murata 605, I-00143 Rome, Italy. [Boisson, Dominique] Univ Etat Haiti, Unite Rech Geotech URGeo, 270 Angles Rue Mgr Guilloux & J Janvier, HT-6112 Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Prepetit, Claude] Bur Mines & Energie, UTS, 11 Rue Jacques 1er,Delmas 31, HT-6112 Port Au Prince, Haiti. RP St Fleur, S (reprint author), Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Observ Cote Azur, CNRS, Geoazur,IRD,UMR 7329, 250 Rue Albert Einstein, F-06560 Valbonne, France. EM sadrac.stfleur@geoazur.unice.fr; etienne.bertrand@cerema.fr; courboulex@geoazur.unice.fr; bmercier@geoazur.unice.fr; deschamps@geoazur.unice.fr; hough@usgs.gov; Giovanna.cultrera@ingv.it; dmboisson@yahoo.com; claudeprepetit@hotmail.com RI Deschamps, Anne/B-9433-2012 OI Deschamps, Anne/0000-0002-6209-9814 FU Institut de Recherche et de Developpement; Geoazur lab (BRQ-South); RAP-Resif network [2101675192] FX We thank Allison Bent from Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) for her help in retrieving data from Canadian stations, Yves Fritz Joseph and the Laboratoire National du Batiment et des Travaux Publics (LNBTP) for the access to geotechnical data, and the team of URGeo and the Governing Board of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of State of Haiti. We also thank the director of Bureau des Mines et de l'Energie of Haiti, Ludner Remarais, and Roberte Momplaisir for their support in Haiti, D. Bertil, A. Roule, and the Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres (BRGM) team for fruitful discussions about microzonation in Port-au-Prince and the numeric version of the geological map, Alain Dujardin and Diego Mercerat for their help in adapting the procedures. The article benefited from the careful reading of Eric Calais, Elizabeth Cochran, Katherine Kendrick, and the remarks of two anonymous reviewers who helped to improve it. This work has been funded by the Institut de Recherche et de Developpement (Ph.D. Grant), Geoazur lab (BRQ-South), and RAP-Resif network (MEDDE CONVENTION Number 2101675192). NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 106 IS 3 BP 1298 EP 1315 DI 10.1785/0120150238 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DO0YK UT WOS:000377504900036 ER PT J AU Denton, MJ Hart, KM Demopoulos, AWJ Oleinik, A Baldwin, JD AF Denton, Mathew J. Hart, Kristen M. Demopoulos, Amanda W. J. Oleinik, Anton Baldwin, John D. TI Diet of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) in Subtropical Mangrove Habitats in South Florida SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines; Cheloniidae; diamondback terrapin; diet; Everglades ID SALT-MARSH AB Unique among turtles as the only exclusively estuarine species, the diamondback terrapin's (Malaclemys terrapin) life history predisposes it to impacts from humans both on land and in the near-shore environment. Terrapins are found in salt marshes and mangroves along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts from Massachusetts to Texas. Whereas previous dietary studies have elucidated terrapins' role in temperate salt marsh food webs, food resources for terrapins inhabiting subtropical mangrove habitats have not been studied. We examined dietary resource use for diamondback terrapins in subtropical mangrove creek and island habitats within Everglades National Park, Florida, to determine foraging strategies of terrapins inhabiting south Florida (SF) mangrove systems. Fecal analysis revealed 6 categories of food items, with gastropods, crabs, and bivalves being the dominant food items. Multivariate analysis revealed differences in food sources based on habitat more so than by terrapin size class. Our results revealed that like their counterparts in temperate salt marshes, SF terrapins consume similar prey categories but with different species and abundances comprising each category. C1 [Denton, Mathew J.; Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 3321 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.] US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Oleinik, Anton] Florida Atlantic Univ, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Denton, Mathew J.; Baldwin, John D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, 3200 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Denton, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 3321 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA.; Denton, MJ (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, 3200 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM mdenton@usgs.gov; kristen_hart@usgs.gov; ademopoulos@usgs.gov; aoleinik@fau.edu; jbaldwin@fau.edu FU US Geological Survey (USGS); US Department of the Interior National Park Service, Everglades Permit [EVER-2013-SCI-0060]; USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program; Diamondback Terrapin Working Group FX This study was supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS), the US Department of the Interior National Park Service, Everglades Permit EVER-2013-SCI-0060, and funded through the USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program and the Diamondback Terrapin Working Group. We thank M. Cherkiss, T. Selby, A. Crowder, J. Beauchamp, H. Crowell, B. Smith, and A. Daniels for assistance collecting terrapins and fecal samples. We would also like to thank S. Kudman, J. McClain-Counts, and J. Bourque for assistance with diet analyses and an internal USGS reviewer for suggestions and comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names are for descriptive purposes only and do not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 EI 1943-3956 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 15 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DO0PS UT WOS:000377481400007 ER PT J AU Shaver, DJ Lamont, MM Maxwell, S Walker, JS Dillingham, T AF Shaver, Donna J. Lamont, Margaret M. Maxwell, Sharon Walker, Jennifer Shelby Dillingham, Ted TI Head-Started Kemp's Ridley Turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) Nest Recorded in Florida: Possible Implications SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ISLAND NATIONAL SEASHORE; LONG-DISTANCE MIGRATION; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; HEADSTART PROJECT; CARETTA-CARETTA; CHELONIA-MYDAS; TEXAS; GREEN; REINTRODUCTION AB A head-started Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) was documented nesting on South Walton Beach, Florida on 25 May 2015. This record supports the possibility that exposure to Florida waters after being held in captivity through 1-3 yrs of age during the head-starting process may have influenced future nest site selection of this and perhaps other Kemp's ridley turtles. Such findings could have important ramifications for marine water experimentation and release site selection for turtles that have been reared in captivity. C1 [Shaver, Donna J.; Walker, Jennifer Shelby] Padre Isl Natl Seashore, Natl Pk Serv, POB 181300, Corpus Christi, TX 78480 USA. [Lamont, Margaret M.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Maxwell, Sharon] South Walton Turtle Watch Grp, 74 Birch St, Freeport, FL 32439 USA. [Dillingham, Ted] 130 Hickory Hill Rd SE, Decatur, AL 35603 USA. RP Shaver, DJ (reprint author), Padre Isl Natl Seashore, Natl Pk Serv, POB 181300, Corpus Christi, TX 78480 USA. EM donna_shaver@nps.gov; mlamont@usgs.gov; swturtlewh@cox.net; jennifer_shelby_walker@nps.gov; twdilling@hotmail.com FU National Park Service; US Geological Survey FX We thank those that contributed to finding, documenting, and investigating this nesting turtle and the contents of her nest. Thank you to the SWTWG for their efforts on South Walton Beach and the donors that helped support them. D.J.S., M.M.L., and J.S.W. were supported by the National Park Service and the US Geological Survey. We thank Cynthia Rubio and Lucia Guillen for their aid with figures for this study. Lyndsey Howell and Ben Higgins provided information on TED trial activities conducted by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) - Fisheries. We thank the biologists who assisted with documentation of head-started Kemp's ridley turtles that nested in Texas and Mexico. Beth Brost, Sandra Cashes, Peter Eliazar, Matthew Godfrey, Gary Hopkins, Jackie Isaccs, Sandy MacPherson, Anne Meylan, Mark Nicholas, Lorna Patrick, Jeremy Phillips, Michael Rikard, John Stiner, Wendy Teas, Christina Trapani, and others provided data and information regarding Kemp's ridley nests in the United States outside of Texas. Nest contents were collected under State of Florida permit no. 118. The authors declare we have no conflicts of interest. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 EI 1943-3956 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 15 IS 1 BP 138 EP 143 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DO0PS UT WOS:000377481400016 ER PT J AU Shope, JB Storlazzi, CD Erikson, LH Hegermiller, CA AF Shope, James B. Storlazzi, Curt D. Erikson, Li H. Hegermiller, Christie A. TI Changes to extreme wave climates of islands within the Western Tropical Pacific throughout the 21st century under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, with implications for island vulnerability and sustainability SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Tropical Pacific; Topic; Extreme waves; Swell; Climate change; Pacific Islands; Topic; Extratropical cyclones ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; STORM TRACKS; MARSHALL-ISLANDS; 20-1ST CENTURY; REEF ISLANDS; WIND; ATOLL; INUNDATION; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY AB Waves are the dominant influence on coastal morphology and ecosystem structure of tropical Pacific islands. Wave heights, periods, and directionS for the 21st century were projected using near-surface wind fields from four atmosphere-ocean coupled global climate models (GCM) under representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5. GCM-derived wind fields forced the global WAVEWATCH-III wave model to generate hourly time series of bulk wave parameters around 25 islands in the mid to western tropical Pacific Ocean for historical (1976-2005), mid-century, and end-century time periods for the December-February and June-August seasons. The December-February regional wave climate is dominated by strong winds and large swell from extratropical cyclones in the north Pacific while the June-August season brings smaller waves generated by the trade winds and swell from Southern Hemisphere extratropical storms. Extreme significant wave heights decreased (-10.0%) throughout the 21st century under both climate scenarios compared to historical wave conditions and the higher radiative forcing RCP 8.5 scenario displayed a greater and more widespread decrease in extreme significant wave heights compared to the lower forcing RCP 45 scenario. An exception was for the end-century June-August season. Offshore of islands in the central equatorial Pacific, extreme significant wave heights displayed the largest changes from historical values. The frequency of extreme events during December February decreased under RCP 8.5, whereas the frequency increased under RCP 4.5. Mean wave directions rotated more than 30 clockwise at several locations during June-August, which could indicate a weakening of the trade winds' influence on extreme wave directions and increasing dominance of Southern Ocean swell. The results of this study underscore that December-February large wave events will become smaller and less frequent in most regions, reducing the likelihood and magnitude of wave-driven flooding at these island locations over the 21st century. However, relatively large increases in the mean of the top 5% of significant wave heights and large changes to the mean direction of these waves in the June-August season at several islands within 150-180 E will drive greater flooding and island morphological change along previously more stable shorelines. The reported results herein project large changes to tropical Pacific island wave climates that will be necessary for assessing island vulnerability under climate change in future studies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shope, James B.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Earth & Planetary Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95065 USA. [Storlazzi, Curt D.; Erikson, Li H.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hegermiller, Christie A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95065 USA. RP Shope, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Earth & Planetary Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95065 USA. EM jshope@ucsc.edu FU USGS's Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative (PICCC) FX This work was carried out under the USGS's Pacific Coral Reef Project as part of an effort in the United States and its trust territories to better understand the effect of geologic and oceanographic processes on coral reef systems and the USGS's Climate Change Impacts to the U.S. Pacific and Arctic Coasts Project to understand the impact of climate change on U.S. and U.S.-affiliated island shorelines. This project was funded by the USGS's Coastal and Marine Geology Program and the Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative (PICCC). P. Dalyander (USGS) contributed numerous excellent suggestions and a timely review of our work. Use of trademark names does not imply USGS endorsement of products. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 EI 1872-6364 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD JUN PY 2016 VL 141 BP 25 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.03.009 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DN8GN UT WOS:000377317300003 ER PT J AU Robertson, DM Saad, DA Christiansen, DE Lorenz, DJ AF Robertson, Dale M. Saad, David A. Christiansen, Daniel E. Lorenz, David J. TI Simulated impacts of climate change on phosphorus loading to Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Phosphorus; Loading; Streamflow; Climate change ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; WATER-QUALITY; ERIE; STREAMS; MODELS; TRENDS; BASIN; URBAN AB Phosphorus (P) loading to the Great Lakes has caused various types of eutrophication problems. Future climatic changes may modify this loading because climatic models project changes in future meteorological conditions, especially for the key hydrologic driver precipitation. Therefore, the goal of this study is to project how P loading may change from the range of projected climatic changes. To project the future response in P loading, the HydroSPARROW approach was developed that links results from two spatially explicit models, the SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes (SPARROW) transport and fate watershed model and the water quantity Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). PRMS was used to project changes in streamflow throughout the Lake Michigan Basin using downscaled meteorological data from eight General Circulation Models (GCMs) subjected to three greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Downscaled GCMs project a +2.1 to +4.0 degrees C change in average-annual air temperature (+2.6 degrees C average) and a -5.1% to +16.7% change in total annual precipitation (+5.1% average) for this geographic area by the middle of this century (2045-2065) and larger changes by the end of the century. The climatic changes by mid-century are projected to result in a -21.2% to +8.9% change in total annual streamflow (-1.8% average) and a 29.6% to +172% change in total annual P loading (-3.1% average). Although the average projected changes in streamflow and P loading are relatively small for the entire basin, considerable variability exists spatially and among GCMs because of their variability in projected future precipitation. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Robertson, Dale M.; Saad, David A.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Christiansen, Daniel E.] US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, 400 S Clinton St, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. [Lorenz, David J.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Robertson, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM dzrobert@usgs.gov; dasaad@usgs.gov; dechrist@usgs.gov; dlorenz@wisc.edu RI Lorenz, David/H-9564-2013 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program FX Partial funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program. John Walker of the U.S. Geological Survey provided the PRMS hydrological data used in the analysis. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 42 IS 3 BP 536 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.03.009 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DO1RL UT WOS:000377556700005 ER PT J AU Kenow, KP Ge, ZF Fara, LJ Houdek, SC Lubinski, BR AF Kenow, Kevin P. Ge, Zhongfu Fara, Luke J. Houdek, Steven C. Lubinski, Brian R. TI Identifying the origin of waterbird carcasses in Lake Michigan using a neural network source tracking model SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Avian botulism; Carcass drift; Common loon; Lake Michigan; Neural network model; Waterbird ID BOTULINUM TYPE-E; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; GREAT-LAKES; MORTALITY; DISEASE; ERIE; FISH AB Avian botulism type E is responsible for extensive waterbird mortality on the Great Lakes, yet the actual site of toxin exposure remains unclear. Beached carcasses are often used to describe the spatial aspects of botulism mortality outbreaks, but lack specificity of offshore toxin source locations. We detail methodology for developing a neural network model used for predicting waterbird carcass motions in response to wind, wave, and current forcing, in lieu of a complex analytical relationship. This empirically trained model uses current velocity, wind velocity, significant wave height, and wave peak period in Lake Michigan simulated by the Great Lakes Coastal Forecasting System. A detailed procedure is further developed to use the model for back-tracing waterbird carcasses found on beaches in various parts of Lake Michigan, which was validated using drift data for radiomarked common loon (Gavia immer) carcasses deployed at a variety of locations in northern Lake Michigan during September and October of 2013. The back-tracing model was further used on 22 non-radiomarked common loon carcasses found along the shoreline of northern Lake Michigan in October and November of 2012. The model estimated origins of those cases pointed to some common source locations offshore that coincide with concentrations of common loons observed during aerial surveys. The neural network source tracking model provides a promising approach for identifying locations of botulinum neurotoxin type E intoxication and, in turn, contributes to developing an understanding of the dynamics of toxin production and possible trophic transfer pathways. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Kenow, Kevin P.; Fara, Luke J.; Houdek, Steven C.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Ge, Zhongfu] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Lubinski, Brian R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 5600 Amer Blvd West,Suite 990, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. [Ge, Zhongfu] Amer Bur Shipping, 16855 Northchase Dr, Houston, TX 77060 USA. RP Kenow, KP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. OI Kenow, Kevin/0000-0002-3062-5197 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; United States Environmental Protection Agency FX Funding for this study was provided by Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through an interagency agreement with the United States Environmental Protection Agency. We thank the numerous volunteers and field biologists who performed surveys of Lake Michigan beaches and collected carcasses in support of this study. J. Chipault (USGS National Wildlife Health Center) compiled and provided carcass survey records. K. Woizeschke (Minnesota Department of Natural Resources) and M. Gibson (Raptor Education Group, Inc.) provided loon carcasses for carcass drift telemetry work. L. Robinson (USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center) assisted with air survey transect design and aviation obstacle maps. T. Fox (USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center) provided support with geospatial analyses. Dispatchers with the Minnesota Interagency Fire Center (MIFC) State Aviation Desk located in Grand Rapids, Minnesota provided flight following service during survey missions. J. Chipault and K. von Ellenrieder provided helpful reviews of a previous draft. Thanks also to J. Sleeman (USGS National Wildlife Health Center) and S. Riley (USGS Great Lakes Science Center) for coordinating the multi-agency research group; to Richard Whitman (USGS Great Lakes Science Center) and Phanikumar Mantha (Michigan State University) for coordinating model development; and to Gregory Lang of NOAA GLERL for his assistance with data downloading. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 42 IS 3 BP 637 EP 648 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.02.014 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DO1RL UT WOS:000377556700015 ER PT J AU Andvik, RT Sloss, BL VanDeHey, JA Claramunt, RM Hansen, SP Isermann, DA AF Andvik, Ryan T. Sloss, Brian L. VanDeHey, Justin A. Claramunt, Randall M. Hansen, Scott P. Isermann, Daniel A. TI Mixed stock analysis of Lake Michigan's Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis commercial fishery SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake whitefish; Genetics; Mixed stock analysis; Commercial fishery ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; SOCKEYE-SALMON; GREAT-LAKES; FOOD WEBS; IDENTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; RECOVERY; MARKERS; ALASKA AB Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) support the primary commercial fishery in Lake Michigan. Discrete genetic stocks of lake whitefish have been identified and tagging data suggest stocks are mixed throughout much of the year. Our objectives were to determine if (1) differential stock harvest occurs in the commercial catch, (2) spatial differences in genetic composition of harvested fish were present, and (3) seasonal differences were present in the harvest by commercial fisheries that operate in management zones WI-2 and WFM-01 (Green Bay, Lake Michigan). Mixed stock analysis was conducted on 17 commercial harvest samples (n = 78-145/sample) collected from various ports lake-wide during 2009-2010. Results showed significant mixing with variability in stock composition across most samples. Samples consisted of two to four genetic stocks each accounting for >= 10% the catch. In 10 of 17 samples, the stock contributing the largest proportion made up <60% of the harvest. In general, seasonal and annual differences existed in the proportional stock contribution at a single capture location. Samples from Wisconsin's primary commercial fishing management zone (WI-2) were composed predominately of fish from the Big Bay de Noc (Michigan) stock as opposed to the geographically proximate, North-Moonlight Bay (Wisconsin) stock. These findings have implications for management and allocation of fish to various quotas. Specifically, geographic location of harvest, the current means of allocating harvest quotas, is not the best predictor of genetic stock harvest. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Isermann, Daniel A.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, 800 Reserve St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Andvik, Ryan T.; Sloss, Brian L.; VanDeHey, Justin A.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, 800 Reserve St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Claramunt, Randall M.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Charlevoix Res Stn, 96 Grant St, Charlevoix, MI 49720 USA. [Hansen, Scott P.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 110 S Neenah Ave, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. RP Andvik, RT (reprint author), South Dakota Game Fish & Pk, 4130 Adventure Trail, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM ryan.andvik@state.sd.us FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX We would like to thank the Great Lakes Fishery Commission for providing funding for this research. Thanks to all the fisheries managers and staff that work on Lake Michigan including K. Royseck, S. Lenart, M. Ebener, E. Olsen, and the Lake Michigan Technical Committee for providing sampling assistance and guidance on the research. The commercial fisherman for the collection of samples including B. and J. Peterson, G. Ruleau, M. Hermes, C. Henriksen, M. and J. Weborg, D. Hickey, B. King, B. Folwer, B., E., and J. Petersons in southern Lake Michigan, R. Johnson, and G. Duhamel. A special thanks to R. Pawlak for her help in the field and laboratory, D. McFarlane for help with figure development and to J. Raabe for comments on a previous draft of the manuscript. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 42 IS 3 BP 660 EP 667 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.02.005 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DO1RL UT WOS:000377556700017 ER PT J AU Colborne, SF Rush, SA Paterson, G Johnson, TB Lantry, BF Fisk, AT AF Colborne, Scott F. Rush, Scott A. Paterson, Gordon Johnson, Timothy B. Lantry, Brian F. Fisk, Aaron T. TI Estimates of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) diet in Lake Ontario using two and three isotope mixing models SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Diet; Lake trout; Stable isotopes; Mixing models; Foraging ecology; Lake Ontario ID SULFUR STABLE-ISOTOPES; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; LIPID EXTRACTION; FISH COMMUNITY; GREAT-LAKES; ROUND GOBY; CARBON; MICHIGAN; RATIOS AB Recent development of multi-dimensional stable isotope models for estimating both foraging patterns and niches have presented the analytical tools to further assess the food webs of freshwater populations. One approach to refine predictions from these analyses is to include a third isotope to the more common two-isotope carbon and nitrogen mixing models to increase the power to resolve different prey sources. We compared predictions made with two-isotope carbon and nitrogen mixing models and three-isotope models that also included sulphur (delta S-34) for the diets of Lake Ontario lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). We determined the isotopic compositions of lake trout and potential prey fishes sampled from Lake Ontario and then used quantitative estimates of resource use generated by two- and three-isotope Bayesian mixing models (SIAR) to infer feeding patterns of lake trout. Both two- and three-isotope models indicated that alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) were the primary prey items, but the three-isotope models were more consistent with recent measures of prey fish abundances and lake trout diets. The lake trout sampled directly from the hatcheries had isotopic compositions derived from the hatchery food which were distinctively different from those derived from the natural prey sources. Those hatchery signals were retained for months after release, raising the possibility to distinguish hatchery-reared yearlings and similarly sized naturally reproduced lake trout based on isotopic compositions. Addition of a third-isotope resulted in mixing model results that confirmed round goby have become an important component of lake trout diet and may be overtaking alewife as a prey resource. (C) 2016 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Colborne, Scott F.; Fisk, Aaron T.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Rush, Scott A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Paterson, Gordon] SUNY Syracuse, Dept Environm & Forestry Biol, Syracuse, NY USA. [Johnson, Timothy B.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Glenora Fisheries Stn, Picton, ON, Canada. [Lantry, Brian F.] US Geol Survey, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY USA. RP Colborne, SF (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. EM scolbor@uwindsor.ca; afisk@uwindsor.ca OI Rush, Scott/0000-0001-5920-7768 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC); Canada Research Chairs; NSERC Canadian Aquatic Invasive Species Network (CAISN II); Canada-Ontario Agreement Respecting the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem FX This research was funded predominantly by a research grant awarded to the authors from the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC), but with additional support received from Canada Research Chairs and NSERC Canadian Aquatic Invasive Species Network (CAISN II) awarded to ATF, and the Canada-Ontario Agreement Respecting the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem to TBJ. This work was aided by the USGS R.V. Kaho vessel and crew for collections of fish; C. Lake and M. Yuille (OMNRF) and B. Weidel (USGS) for assistance in obtaining fish and feed samples from the hatchery. Stable isotope processing and sample analysis by A. Hussey, statistical analysis advice from A. Bond, and comments on versions of this paper by B. Metcalfe and two anonymous reviewers. The mention of product trade names does not imply endorsement by the governments of Canada, the United States, the Province of Ontario, or New York State. This article is Contribution 2027 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 42 IS 3 BP 695 EP 702 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.03.010 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DO1RL UT WOS:000377556700021 ER PT J AU Bland, MT McKinnon, WB AF Bland, Michael T. McKinnon, William B. TI Mountain building on Io driven by deep faulting SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAGMA ASCENT; GALILEO; LITHOSPHERE; TECTONICS; ROCK; VOLCANISM; INTERIOR; SURFACE; ORIGIN; LO AB Jupiter's volcanic moon Io possesses some of the highest relief in the Solar System: massive, isolated mountain blocks that tower up to 17 km above the surrounding plains. These mountains are likely to result from pervasive compressive stresses induced by subsidence of the surface beneath the near-continual emplacement of volcanic material. The stress state that results from subsidence and warming of Io's lithosphere has been investigated in detail(1-4); however, the mechanism of orogenesis itself and its effect on regional tectonism and volcanism has not been firmly established. Here we present viscoelastic-plastic finite element simulations demonstrating that Io's mountains form along deep-seated thrust faults that initiate at the base of the lithosphere and propagate upward. We show that faulting fundamentally alters the stress state of Io's lithosphere by relieving the large volcanism-induced subsidence stresses. Notably, in the upper portion of the lithosphere, stresses become tensile (near-zero differential stress). A number of processes are therefore altered post-faulting, including magma transport through the lithosphere, interactions with tidal stresses and potentially the localization of mountain formation by thermoelastic stresses. We conclude that Io's mountains form by a unique orogenic mechanism, compared with tectonic processes operating elsewhere in the Solar System. C1 [Bland, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagsta, AZ 86001 USA. [Bland, Michael T.; McKinnon, William B.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Bland, Michael T.; McKinnon, William B.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Bland, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagsta, AZ 86001 USA.; Bland, MT (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.; Bland, MT (reprint author), Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM mbland@usgs.gov FU NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program [NNX11AP16G]; Solar System Workings Program [NNH15AZ80I] FX This work was supported by NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program (NNX11AP16G) and Solar System Workings Program (NNH15AZ80I). M.T.B. thanks T. Becker for technical guidance in the production of Fig. 1. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 429 EP + DI 10.1038/NGEO2711 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DO0TQ UT WOS:000377491600009 ER PT J AU Atwood, TC Peacock, E McKinney, MA Lillie, K Wilson, R Douglas, DC Miller, S Terletzky, P AF Atwood, Todd C. Peacock, Elizabeth McKinney, Melissa A. Lillie, Kate Wilson, Ryan Douglas, David C. Miller, Susanne Terletzky, Pat TI Rapid Environmental Change Drives Increased Land Use by an Arctic Marine Predator SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; FEMALE POLAR BEARS; OPEN-WATER PERIOD; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION ECOLOGY; ICE DECLINE; ABUNDANCE; ALASKA AB In the Arctic Ocean's southern Beaufort Sea (SB), the length of the sea ice melt season (i.e., period between the onset of sea ice break-up in summer and freeze-up in fall) has increased substantially since the late 1990s. Historically, polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the SB have mostly remained on the sea ice year-round (except for those that came ashore to den), but recent changes in the extent and phenology of sea ice habitat have coincided with evidence that use of terrestrial habitat is increasing. We characterized the spatial behavior of polar bears spending summer and fall on land along Alaska's north coast to better understand the nexus between rapid environmental change and increased use of terrestrial habitat. We found that the percentage of radiocollared adult females from the SB subpopulation coming ashore has tripled over 15 years. Moreover, we detected trends of earlier arrival on shore, increased length of stay, and later departure back to sea ice, all of which were related to declines in the availability of sea ice habitat over the continental shelf and changes to sea ice phenology. Since the late 1990s, the mean duration of the open-water season in the SB increased by 36 days, and the mean length of stay on shore increased by 31 days. While on shore, the distribution of polar bears was influenced by the availability of scavenge subsidies in the form of subsistence-harvested bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) remains aggregated at sites along the coast. The declining spatio-temporal availability of sea ice habitat and increased availability of human-provisioned resources are likely to result in increased use of land. Increased residency on land is cause for concern given that, while there, bears may be exposed to a greater array of risk factors including those associated with increased human activities. C1 [Atwood, Todd C.; Peacock, Elizabeth] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [McKinney, Melissa A.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, 1376 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [McKinney, Melissa A.] Dept Nat Resources & Environm, 1376 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Lillie, Kate; Terletzky, Pat] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Wilson, Ryan; Miller, Susanne] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 250 Egan Dr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Atwood, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM tatwood@usgs.gov OI McKinney, Melissa/0000-0002-8171-7534 FU US Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative; US Geological Survey's Wildlife Program of the Ecosystems Mission Area; Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; Bureau of Land Management FX Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative, and the US Geological Survey's Wildlife Program of the Ecosystems Mission Area. The authors thank the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and the Bureau of Land Management for providing significant logistic and financial support. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; S. Amstrup led capture efforts from 1986-2008, and G. Durner led capture efforts from 2009-2011. G. York, K. Simac, A, Pagano, T. Donnelly, E. Regehr, and many others assisted with data collection. This work was conducted as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative. We thank the communities of Kaktovik, Deadhorse, and Barrow for field support. We thank the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and the Bureau of Land Management for providing significant logistic and financial support. We thank our excellent pilots for ensuring safe capture operations. This paper was reviewed and approved by USGS under their Fundamental Science Practices policy (http://www.usgs.gov/fsp). We thank K. Rode, R. Rockwell, and an anonymous reviewer for providing helpful comments on a pervious draft of this manuscript. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 56 U2 100 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 6 AR e0155932 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0155932 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DN6KZ UT WOS:000377184700023 PM 27249673 ER PT J AU Fuentes, M Riquelme, S Hayes, G Medina, M Melgar, D Vargas, G Gonzalez, J Villalobos, A AF Fuentes, Mauricio Riquelme, Sebastian Hayes, Gavin Medina, Miguel Melgar, Diego Vargas, Gabriel Gonzalez, Jose Villalobos, Angelo TI A Study of the 2015 M (w) 8.3 Illapel Earthquake and Tsunami: Numerical and Analytical Approaches SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; Illapel earthquake; inversion; run-up ID CHILE TSUNAMI; NEAR-FIELD; IQUIQUE; TRENCH AB The September 16, 2015 Illapel, Chile earthquake triggered a large tsunami, causing both economic losses and fatalities. To study the coastal effects of this earthquake, and to understand how such hazards might be accurately modeled in the future, different finite fault models of the Illapel rupture are used to define the initial condition for tsunami simulation. The numerical code Non-hydrostatic Evolution of Ocean WAVEs (NEOWAVE) is employed to model the tsunami evolution through the Pacific Ocean. Because only a short time is available for emergency response, and since the earthquake and tsunami sources are close to the coast, gaining a rapid understanding of the near-field run-up behavior is highly relevant to Chile. Therefore, an analytical solution of the 2 + 1 D shallow water wave equations is considered. With this solution, we show that we can quickly estimate the run-up distribution along the coastline, to first order. After the earthquake and tsunami, field observations were measured in the surrounded coastal region, where the tsunami resulted in significant run-up. First, we compare the analytical and numerical solutions to test the accuracy of the analytical approach and the field observations, implying the analytic approach can accurately model tsunami run-up after an earthquake, without sacrificing the time necessary for a full numerical inversion. Then, we compare both with field run-up measurements. We observe the consistency between the two approaches. To complete the analysis, a tsunami source inversion is performed using run-up field measurements only. These inversion results are compared with seismic models, and are shown to capture the broad-scale details of those models, without the necessity of the detailed data sets they invert. C1 [Fuentes, Mauricio; Medina, Miguel] Univ Chile, Dept Geophys, Santiago, Chile. [Riquelme, Sebastian] Univ Chile, Natl Seismol Ctr, Santiago, Chile. [Hayes, Gavin] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Melgar, Diego] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vargas, Gabriel; Gonzalez, Jose; Villalobos, Angelo] Univ Chile, Dept Geol, Santiago, Chile. RP Fuentes, M (reprint author), Univ Chile, Dept Geophys, Santiago, Chile. EM mauricio@dgf.uchile.cl RI Vargas, Victor Gabriel/I-6826-2016 OI Vargas, Victor Gabriel/0000-0002-7521-7891 FU Programa de Riesgo Sismico (PRS) FX This work was entirely supported by the Programa de Riesgo Sismico (PRS). NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 173 IS 6 BP 1847 EP 1858 DI 10.1007/s00024-016-1305-0 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DO4AB UT WOS:000377722800001 ER PT J AU Mordecai, EA Jaramillo, AG Ashford, JE Hechinger, RF Lafferty, KD AF Mordecai, Erin A. Jaramillo, Alejandra G. Ashford, Jacob E. Hechinger, Ryan F. Lafferty, Kevin D. TI The role of competition - colonization tradeoffs and spatial heterogeneity in promoting trematode coexistence SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carpinteria Salt Marsh; Cerithideopsis californica; coexistence; competition - colonization tradeoff; parasite; spatial heterogeneity; trematode ID BIRD FINAL HOSTS; CERITHIDEA-CALIFORNICA; RENICOLID TREMATODES; SPECIES COEXISTENCE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LARVAL TREMATODES; MARINE SNAIL; COMMUNITY; PARASITE; BIODIVERSITY AB Competition - colonization tradeoffs occur in many systems, and theory predicts that they can strongly promote species coexistence. However, there is little - empirical evidence that observed competition-colonization tradeoffs are strong enough to maintain diversity in natural systems. This is due in part to a mismatch between theoretical assumptions and biological reality in some systems. We tested whether a competition - colonization tradeoff explains how a diverse trematode guild coexists in California horn snail populations, a system that meets the requisite criteria for the tradeoff to promote coexistence. A field experiment showed that subordinate trematode species tended to have higher colonization rates than dominant species. This tradeoff promoted coexistence in parameterized models but did not fully explain trematode diversity and abundance, suggesting a role of additional diversity maintenance mechanisms. Spatial heterogeneity is an alternative way to promote coexistence if it isolates competing species. We used scale transition theory to expand the competition - colonization tradeoff model to include spatial variation. The parameterized model showed that spatial variation in trematode prevalence did not isolate most species sufficiently to explain the overall high diversity, but could benefit some rare species. Together, the results suggest that several mechanisms combine to maintain diversity, even when a competition - colonization tradeoff occurs. C1 [Mordecai, Erin A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Jaramillo, Alejandra G.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Ashford, Jacob E.] Dept Environm Sci, Geol 2258, 900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hechinger, Ryan F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Mordecai, EA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM emordeca@stanford.edu FU Worster Summer Internship/Research Award at the University of California Santa Barbara; NSF [DEB-1210378]; UCSB Graduate Division; Broida-Hirschfelder Award; NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology [DEB-1202892]; UNESCO-L'Oreal International Fellowship; NIH-NSF Ecology of Infectious Diseases program [DEB-0224565]; CA Sea Grant [R/OPCENV-01] FX This work was supported by a Worster Summer Internship/Research Award at the University of California Santa Barbara to EAM, AGJ, and JEA. EAM was supported by an NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant (DEB-1210378), the UCSB Graduate Division, a Broida-Hirschfelder Award, and an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology (DEB-1202892). AGJ was supported by a UNESCO-L'Oreal International Fellowship. This study benefitted from the inclusion of two unpublished datasets collected from 40 estuaries across California and Baja California and from Carpinteria Salt Marsh, and we thank the eight people who assisted with those efforts and who will be part of the more detailed reports of that data. This study also benefitted from grants from the NIH-NSF Ecology of Infectious Diseases program (DEB-0224565) and CA Sea Grant (R/OPCENV-01). Any use of trade, product, website, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 2016 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1484 EP 1496 DI 10.1890/15-0753.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN6XN UT WOS:000377219900012 PM 27459779 ER PT J AU Willows-Munro, S Dowler, RC Jarcho, MR Phillips, RB Snell, HL Wilbert, TR Edwards, CW AF Willows-Munro, Sandi Dowler, Robert C. Jarcho, Michael R. Phillips, Reese B. Snell, Howard L. Wilbert, Tammy R. Edwards, Cody W. TI Cryptic diversity in Black rats Rattus rattus of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Biological invasions; conservation biology; Galapagos; genetic diversity; invasive species; island biology; phylogeography; rodent ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; INTRODUCED PLANTS; MIGRATION RATES; HOUSE MOUSE; COLONIZATION; ARCHIPELAGO; CONSERVATION; INVASION AB Human activity has facilitated the introduction of a number of alien mammal species to the Galapagos Archipelago. Understanding the phylogeographic history and population genetics of invasive species on the Archipelago is an important step in predicting future spread and designing effective management strategies. In this study, we describe the invasion pathway of Rattus rattus across the Galapagos using microsatellite data, coupled with historical knowledge. Microsatellite genotypes were generated for 581 R. rattus sampled from 15 islands in the archipelago. The genetic data suggest that there are at least three genetic lineages of R. rattus present on the Galapagos Islands. The spatial distributions of these lineages correspond to the main centers of human settlement in the archipelago. There was limited admixture among these three lineages, and these finding coupled with low rates of gene flow among island populations suggests that interisland movement of R. rattus is rare. The low migration among islands recorded for the species will have a positive impact on future eradication efforts. C1 [Willows-Munro, Sandi] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Life Sci, POB X01, ZA-3209 Scottsville, South Africa. [Dowler, Robert C.] Angelo State Univ, Dept Biol, San Angelo, TX 76909 USA. [Jarcho, Michael R.] Loras Coll, Neurosci Program, Dubuque, IA USA. [Phillips, Reese B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Islands Fish & Wildlife Off, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Rm 3-122, Honolulu, HI USA. [Snell, Howard L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Snell, Howard L.] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Wilbert, Tammy R.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC USA. [Edwards, Cody W.] George Mason Univ, Dept Biol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Willows-Munro, S (reprint author), Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Life Sci, POB X01, ZA-3209 Scottsville, South Africa. EM willows-munro@ukzn.ac.za FU US AID; United Nations Development Fund; World Bank Global Environmental Fund; National Geographic Society; Charles Darwin Foundation (CDF); University of New Mexico (Latin American-Iberian Institute); Angelo State University; Galapagos National Park Service (GNPS); George Mason Presidential Fellowship FX Much of the fieldwork associated with this research was supported by grants from US AID, the United Nations Development Fund, the World Bank Global Environmental Fund, and the National Geographic Society, with additional support from the Charles Darwin Foundation (CDF), the University of New Mexico (including the Latin American-Iberian Institute), Angelo State University, and the Galapagos National Park Service (GNPS). The molecular work was also supported by the George Mason Presidential Fellowship of T. R. Wilbert. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 11 BP 3721 EP 3733 DI 10.1002/ece3.2033 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DN4ND UT WOS:000377043200022 ER PT J AU Lynch, AJ Cooke, SJ Deines, AM Bower, SD Bunnell, DB Cowx, IG Nguyen, VM Nohner, J Phouthavong, K Riley, B Rogers, MW Taylor, WW Woelmer, W Youn, SJ Beard, TD AF Lynch, Abigail J. Cooke, Steven J. Deines, Andrew M. Bower, Shannon D. Bunnell, David B. Cowx, Ian G. Nguyen, Vivian M. Nohner, Joel Phouthavong, Kaviphone Riley, Betsy Rogers, Mark W. Taylor, William W. Woelmer, Whitney Youn, So-Jung Beard, T. Douglas, Jr. TI The social, economic, and environmental importance of inland fish and fisheries SO ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE food security; freshwater ecosystems; importance of fish; inland fisheries ID FRESH-WATER BIODIVERSITY; CAPTURE FISHERIES; SPECIES RICHNESS; HUMAN-DISEASE; FOOD WEBS; CONSERVATION; ZEBRAFISH; THREATS; ISSUES; LANDSCAPES AB Though reported capture fisheries are dominated by marine production, inland fish and fisheries make substantial contributions to meeting the challenges faced by individuals, society, and the environment in a changing global landscape. Inland capture fisheries and aquaculture contribute over 40% to the world's reported finfish production from less than 0.01% of the total volume of water on earth. These fisheries provide food for billions and livelihoods for millions of people worldwide. Herein, using supporting evidence from the literature, we review 10 reasons why inland fish and fisheries are important to the individual (food security, economic security, empowerment), to society (cultural services, recreational services, human health and well-being, knowledge transfer and capacity building), and to the environment (ecosystem function and biodiversity, as aquatic "canaries", the "green food" movement). However, the current limitations to valuing the services provided by inland fish and fisheries make comparison with other water resource users extremely difficult. This list can serve to demonstrate the importance of inland fish and fisheries, a necessary first step to better incorporating them into agriculture, land-use, and water resource planning, where they are currently often underappreciated or ignored. C1 [Lynch, Abigail J.; Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 516, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Cooke, Steven J.; Bower, Shannon D.; Nguyen, Vivian M.] Carleton Univ, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Deines, Andrew M.; Nohner, Joel; Riley, Betsy; Taylor, William W.; Youn, So-Jung] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 1405 South Harrison Rd,Suite 115 Manly Miles Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Bunnell, David B.; Rogers, Mark W.; Woelmer, Whitney] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Cowx, Ian G.; Phouthavong, Kaviphone] Univ Hull, Int Fisheries Inst, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. RP Lynch, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 516, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ajlynch@usgs.gov OI Lynch, Abigail J./0000-0001-8449-8392 FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs program FX Joint activities of this group have been funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. Additional support was provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada's Too Big To Ignore grant based out of Memorial University, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Canada Research Chairs program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 76 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 13 U2 38 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 1208-6053 EI 1181-8700 J9 ENVIRON REV JI Environ. Rev. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 24 IS 2 BP 115 EP 121 DI 10.1139/er-2015-0064 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN5PW UT WOS:000377123600001 ER PT J AU Mebane, CA Meyer, JS AF Mebane, Christopher A. Meyer, Joseph S. TI ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY WITHOUT CHEMISTRY AND PUBLICATIONS WITHOUT DISCOURSE: LINKED IMPEDIMENTS TO BETTER SCIENCE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID CONSERVATION; DISCIPLINES C1 [Mebane, Christopher A.] US Geol Survey, Idaho Water Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. [Meyer, Joseph S.] Appl Limnol Profess, Golden, CO USA. RP Mebane, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Idaho Water Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1335 EP 1336 DI 10.1002/etc.3418 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DN4JN UT WOS:000377031900001 PM 27216837 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Eagles-Smith, CA Herzog, MP Yee, JL Hartmany, CA AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Herzog, Mark P. Yee, Julie L. Hartmany, C. Alex TI EGG-LAYING SEQUENCE INFLUENCES EGG MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS AND EGG SIZE IN THREE BIRD SPECIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR CONTAMINANT MONITORING PROGRAMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bird; Egg-laying order; Egg-laying sequence; Egg size; Mercury ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; BLACK-NECKED STILTS; AMERICAN AVOCETS; LARUS-ARGENTATUS; SELENIUM LEVELS; HEAVY-METALS; WILD BIRDS; SPACE USE; METHYLMERCURY; EXPOSURE AB Bird eggs are commonly used in contaminant monitoring programs and toxicological risk assessments, but intraclutch variation and sampling methodology could influence interpretability. The authors examined the influence of egg-laying sequence on egg mercury concentrations and burdens in American avocets, black-necked stilts, and Forster's terns. The average decline in mercury concentrations between the first and last eggs laid was 33% for stilts, 22% for terns, and 11% for avocets, and most of this decline occurred between the first and second eggs laid (24% for stilts, 18% for terns, and 9% for avocets). Trends in egg size with egg-laying order were inconsistent among species, and overall differences in egg volume, mass, length, and width were <3%. The authors summarized the literature, and among 17 species studied, mercury concentrations generally declined by 16% between the first and second eggs laid. Despite the strong effect of egg-laying sequence, most of the variance in egg mercury concentrations still occurred among clutches (75-91%) rather than within clutches (9%-25%). Using simulations, the authors determined that accurate estimation of a population's mean egg mercury concentration using only a single random egg from a subset of nests would require sampling >60 nests to represent a large population (10% accuracy) or >= 14 nests to represent a small colony that contained <100 nests (20% accuracy). Published 2015 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Herzog, Mark P.; Yee, Julie L.; Hartmany, C. Alex] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov FU CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program; US Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area and Contaminant Biology Program FX The present research was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program with additional support from the US Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area and Contaminant Biology Program. We thank S. Stoner-Duncan, B. McCullough, J. Shinn, and R. Keister for field and lab assistance. We also thank C. Morris, J. Albertson, M. Stewart, J. Buffa, E. Mruz, C. Strong, and the staff at the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge (US Fish and Wildlife Service) and J. Krause and the staff of the Eden Landing Ecological Reserve (California Department of Fish and Wildlife) for logistical support. Research was approved by the US Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center Animal Care and Use Committee. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1458 EP 1469 DI 10.1002/etc.3291 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DN4JN UT WOS:000377031900017 PM 26505635 ER PT J AU Lazarus, RS Rattner, BA McGowan, PC Hale, RC Karouna-Renier, NK Erickson, RA Ottinger, MA AF Lazarus, Rebecca S. Rattner, Barnett A. McGowan, Peter C. Hale, Robert C. Karouna-Renier, Natalie K. Erickson, Richard A. Ottinger, Mary Ann TI CHESAPEAKE BAY FISH-OSPREY (PANDION HALIAETUS) FOOD CHAIN: EVALUATION OF CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE AND GENETIC DAMAGE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biomagnification; Chesapeake Bay; Genotoxicity; Ospreys; Wildlife toxicology ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME-RETARDANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; BIOMAGNIFICATION FACTORS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FALCO-SPARVERIUS AB From 2011 to 2013, a large-scale ecotoxicological study was conducted in several Chesapeake Bay (USA) tributaries (Susquehanna River and flats, the Back, Baltimore Harbor/Patapsco Rivers, Anacostia/middle Potomac, Elizabeth and James Rivers) and Poplar Island as a mid-Bay reference site. Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) diet and the transfer of contaminants from fish to osprey eggs were evaluated. The most bioaccumulative compounds (biomagnification factor >5) included p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), total polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and bromodiphenyl ether (BDE) congeners 47, 99, 100, and 154. This analysis suggested that alternative brominated flame retardants and other compounds (methoxytriclosan) are not appreciably biomagnifying. A multivariate analysis of similarity indicated that major differences in patterns among study sites were driven by PCB congeners 105, 128, 156, 170/190, and 189, and PBDE congeners 99 and 209. An integrative redundancy analysis showed that osprey eggs from Baltimore Harbor/Patapsco River and the Elizabeth River had high residues of PCBs and p,p'-DDE, with PBDEs making a substantial contribution to overall halogenated contamination on the Susquehanna and Anacostia/middle Potomac Rivers. The redundancy analysis also suggested a potential relation between PBDE residues in osprey eggs and oxidative DNA damage in nestling blood samples. The results also indicate that there is no longer a discernible relation between halogenated contaminants in osprey eggs and their reproductive success in Chesapeake Bay. Osprey populations are thriving in much of the Chesapeake, with productivity rates exceeding those required to sustain a stable population. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016; 35:1560-1575. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Lazarus, Rebecca S.; Rattner, Barnett A.; Karouna-Renier, Natalie K.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Lazarus, Rebecca S.; Ottinger, Mary Ann] Univ Maryland, Marine Estuarine Environm Sci Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lazarus, Rebecca S.; Ottinger, Mary Ann] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McGowan, Peter C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD USA. [Hale, Robert C.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Erickson, Richard A.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci, La Crosse, WI USA. [Ottinger, Mary Ann] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. EM brattner@usgs.gov OI Erickson, Richard/0000-0003-4649-482X; Karouna-Renier, Natalie/0000-0001-7127-033X FU USGS-Chesapeake Bay Program FX The authors thank C. Callahan, A. Condon, and C. Guy of the US Fish and Wildlife Service; D. Day, C. Maddox, S. Schultz, and C. Straube of the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; D. Hopler, B. Watts, and C. Viverette of the College of William and Mary and Virginia Commonwealth University; and E. Harvey, M. La Guardia, D. Luellen, and M. Mainor of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science for assistance with various phases of the study. We thank T. Custer for providing valuable comments and recommendations for additional statistical analyses on a draft of this manuscript. The present study was supported primarily by the USGS-Chesapeake Bay Program. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1560 EP 1575 DI 10.1002/etc.3386 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DN4JN UT WOS:000377031900028 PM 26822899 ER PT J AU Hoang, NH Kane, ME Radcliffe, EN Zettler, LW Richardson, L AF Hoang, N. H. Kane, M. E. Radcliffe, E. N. Zettler, L. W. Richardson, L. TI Novel In Vitro Approaches for Orchid Conservation: The Ghost Orchid Case Study. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hoang, N. H.; Kane, M. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, POB 110675, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Radcliffe, E. N.; Zettler, L. W.] Illinois Benedictine Coll, Dept Biol, Orchid Recovery Program, 1101 West Coll Ave, Jacksonville, IL 62650 USA. [Richardson, L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Florida Panther Natl Wildlife Refuge, 12085 SR 29 South, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. EM nhhoang@ufl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 EI 1543-706X J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 52 SU 1 MA P-12 BP S21 EP S22 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA DN2XR UT WOS:000376926800055 ER PT J AU Hagstrum, JT McIsaac, HP Drob, DP AF Hagstrum, Jonathan T. McIsaac, Hugh P. Drob, Douglas P. TI Seasonal changes in atmospheric noise levels and the annual variation in pigeon homing performance SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avian navigation; Infrasound; Microbaroms; Tornadoes; Hurricanes ID ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON; INFRASOUND PROPAGATION; BIRD NAVIGATION; ORIENTATION; MICROBAROMS; OCEAN; DISTURBANCES; INFORMATION; MICROSEISMS; TEMPERATURE AB Repeated releases of experienced homing pigeons from single sites were conducted between 1972 and 1974 near Cornell University in upstate New York and between 1982 and 1983 near the University of Pittsburgh in western Pennsylvania, USA. No annual variation in homing performance was observed at these sites in eastern North America, in contrast to results from a number of similar experiments in Europe. Assuming pigeons home using low-frequency infrasonic signals (similar to 0.1-0.3 Hz), as has been previously proposed, the annual and geographic variability in homing performance within the northern hemisphere might be explained, to a first order, by seasonal changes in low-frequency atmospheric background noise levels related to storm activity in the North Atlantic Ocean, and by acoustic waveguides formed between the surface and seasonally reversing stratospheric winds. In addition, increased dispersion among departure bearings of test birds on some North American release days was possibly caused by infrasonic noise from severe weather events during tornado and Atlantic hurricane seasons. C1 [Hagstrum, Jonathan T.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McIsaac, Hugh P.] Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [McIsaac, Hugh P.] 302 Etna Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Drob, Douglas P.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hagstrum, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhag@usgs.gov FU US Air Force Small Business Innovative Research Grant [FA9302-12-C-0006] FX We wish to thank all those who, with W. T. Keeton, produced the large quantity of pigeon-release data at Cornell University between 1967 and 1980, and I. Brown, T. Larkin and S. T. Emlen for making them available to all investigators in 1984. C. Walcott kindly sent us the "Keeton" database, and we thank T. Larkin for providing his program to manipulate and display the data, as well as insider information concerning the Weedsport pigeon releases. D. Sills and W. Szilagyi of Environment Canada generously sent us Canadian tornado data and information on Great Lakes waterspouts, respectively. A. J. Bedard (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences), B. Thigpen (Eminent Technologies), and D. B. Quine graciously shared their acoustical expertise during informative discussions. L. Anderson and C. Bacon of the US Geological Survey provided helpful comments on an early version of the manuscript, and constructive reviews from three anonymous reviewers are also much appreciated. Funding for this work came, in part, from a US Air Force Small Business Innovative Research Grant (FA9302-12-C-0006) facilitated by a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between the US Geological Survey and Technology International Incorporated of Virginia. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-7594 EI 1432-1351 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL A JI J. Comp. Physiol. A -Neuroethol. Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 202 IS 6 BP 413 EP 424 DI 10.1007/s00359-016-1087-y PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Physiology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology; Zoology GA DN7GF UT WOS:000377242600004 PM 27146057 ER PT J AU Wynn, J Mosbrucker, A Pierce, H Spicer, K AF Wynn, Jeff Mosbrucker, Adam Pierce, Herb Spicer, Kurt TI Where is the Hot Rock and Where is the Ground Water - Using CSAMT to Map Beneath and Around Mount St. Helens SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA; INVERSION; COLLAPSE; VOLCANO; WASHINGTON; ALGORITHM AB We have observed several new features in recent controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT) soundings on and around Mount St. Helens, Washington State, USA. We have identified the approximate location of a strong electrical conductor at the edges of and beneath the 2004-08 dome. We interpret this conductor to be hot brine at the hot intrusive-cold-rock interface. This contact can be found within 50 meters of the receiver station on Spine 5, which extruded between April and July of 2005. We have also mapped separate regional and glacier-dome aquifers, which lie one atop the other, out to considerable distances from the volcano. C1 [Wynn, Jeff; Mosbrucker, Adam; Pierce, Herb; Spicer, Kurt] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 Cardinal Ct, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Wynn, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 Cardinal Ct, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jwynn@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 21 IS 2 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.2113/JEEG21.2.79 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA DN5YT UT WOS:000377148300004 ER PT J AU Micheli, F Heiman, KW Kappel, CV Martone, RG Sethi, SA Osio, GC Fraschetti, S Shelton, AO Tanner, JM AF Micheli, Fiorenza Heiman, Kimberly W. Kappel, Carrie V. Martone, Rebecca G. Sethi, Suresh A. Osio, Giacomo C. Fraschetti, Simonetta Shelton, Andrew O. Tanner, Jacqui M. TI Combined impacts of natural and human disturbances on rocky shore communities SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Multiple stressors; Waves; Trampling; Coastal management; Marine conservation ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; STRESSORS; RECOVERY; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; ASSEMBLAGE; CALIFORNIA; ROLES; BEDS AB Most ecosystems are subject to both natural and human disturbances that can combine to influence populations and assemblages in complex ways. Assessing the relative influences and combined impacts of natural and human disturbance is crucial for managing human uses of ecosystems against the backdrop of their natural variability. We evaluated the separate and combined influences of disturbance from storm waves and disturbance associated with human trampling of rocky shores by conducting an experiment mimicking controlled levels of trampling at sites with different wave exposures, and before and after a major storm event in central California, USA. Results show that trampling and storm waves affected the same taxa and have comparable and additive effects on rocky shore assemblages. Both disturbance types caused significant reduction in percent cover of mussels and erect macroalgae, and resulted in significant re-organization of assemblages associated with these habitat-forming taxa. A single extreme storm event caused similar percent cover losses of mussels and erect macroalgae as did 6 12 months of trampling. Contrary to a predicted synergistic effect of trampling and storm damage, we found that impacts from each disturbance combined additively. Mussel beds in wave-exposed sites are more vulnerable to trampling impacts than algal beds at protected sites. Mussels and erect macroalgae recovered within five years after trampling stopped. These results suggest that impacts from local human use can be reversed in relatively short time frames, and that cumulative impacts can be reduced by setting recreational carrying capacities more conservatively when ecosystems are already exposed to frequent and/or intense natural disturbances. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Micheli, Fiorenza; Tanner, Jacqui M.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Heiman, Kimberly W.] Muhlenberg Coll, Dept Biol, 2400 Chew St, Allentown, PA 18104 USA. [Kappel, Carrie V.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93103 USA. [Martone, Rebecca G.] Ctr Ocean Solut, 99 Pacific St,Suite 555E, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Sethi, Suresh A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Osio, Giacomo C.] EC Joint Res Ctr JRC, IPSC, Maritime Affairs Unit, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Fraschetti, Simonetta] Univ Salento, CoNISMa, Dept Biol & Environm Sci & Technol, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Shelton, Andrew O.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Micheli, F (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM micheli@stanford.edu FU Monterey Bay Sanctuary Foundation; Stanford University; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR; National Estuarine Research Reserve System Graduate Fellowship; National Science Foundation; Stanford Graduate Fellowship; European Community [287844]; Italian Ministry of the Research PRIN TETRIS FX This study was funded through a grant from the Monterey Bay Sanctuary Foundation and Stanford University set-up funds and a faculty grant (F.M.), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR and National Estuarine Research Reserve System Graduate Fellowship (K.H.), National Science Foundation and Stanford Graduate Fellowship (C.K.), the European Community's 7th Framework Programmes (FP7/2007-2013) for the project COCO-NET (Grant agreement No. 287844) and the Italian Ministry of the Research PRIN TETRIS (S.F.). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 126 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.03.014 PG 9 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA DN1QK UT WOS:000376840300005 ER PT J AU Vazquez, R Ward, DM Sepulveda, A AF Vazquez, Ryan Ward, Darren M. Sepulveda, Adam TI Does water chemistry limit the distribution of New Zealand mud snails in Redwood National Park? SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Abiotic limit; Environmental calcium; Invasive species; Specific conductivity ID MUDSNAIL POTAMOPYRGUS-ANTIPODARUM; INVADER; RIVER; ASSEMBLAGES; HYDROBIIDAE; GASTROPOD; SALINITY; SURVIVAL; MOLLUSCA; SUCCESS AB New Zealand mud snails (NZMS) are exotic mollusks present in many waterways of the western United States. In 2009, NZMS were detected in Redwood Creek in Redwood National Park, CA. Although NZMS are noted for their ability to rapidly increase in abundance and colonize new areas, after more than 5 years in Redwood Creek, their distribution remains limited to a ca. 300 m reach. Recent literature suggests that low specific conductivity and environmental calcium can limit NZMS distribution. We conducted laboratory experiments, exposing NZMS collected from Redwood Creek to both natural waters and artificial treatment solutions, to determine if low conductivity and calcium concentration limit the distribution of NZMS in Redwood National Park. For natural water exposures, we held NZMS in water from their source location (conductivity 135 mu S/cm, calcium 13 mg/L) or water from four other locations in the Redwood Creek watershed encompassing a range of conductivity (77-158 mu S/cm) and calcium concentration (<5-13 mg/L). For exposures in treatment solutions, we manipulated both conductivity (range 20-200 mu S/cm) and calcium concentration (range <5-17.5 mg/L) in a factorial design. Response variables measured included mortality and reproductive output. Adult NZMS survived for long periods ([ 4 months) in the lowest conductivity waters from Redwood Creek and all but the lowest-conductivity treatment solutions, regardless of calcium concentration. However, reproductive output was very low in all natural waters and all low-calcium treatment solutions. Our results suggest that water chemistry may inhibit the spread of NZMS in Redwood National Park by reducing their reproductive output. C1 [Vazquez, Ryan; Ward, Darren M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Sepulveda, Adam] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Vazquez, Ryan] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Ward, DM (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM Darren.Ward@humboldt.edu RI Ward, Darren/F-1203-2010 OI Ward, Darren/0000-0002-0049-5299 FU National Science Foundation's Undergraduate Research and Mentoring Program in the Biological Sciences [DBI-0934022]; Save the Redwoods League Research Grant Program; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate FX We thank Heather Daniels, Jimmy Garcia, Kachina Rowland, and Pamela Ward for their help in the field surveys and Sherry Mason and Kachina Rowland for their help with snail husbandry. The National Science Foundation's Undergraduate Research and Mentoring Program in the Biological Sciences, Grant Number DBI-0934022, Save the Redwoods League Research Grant Program, and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate provided funding for this project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUN PY 2016 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1523 EP 1531 DI 10.1007/s10530-016-1098-1 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM9CZ UT WOS:000376663400002 ER PT J AU Aagaard, K Lockwood, JL AF Aagaard, Kevin Lockwood, Julie L. TI Severe and rapid population declines in exotic birds SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Audubon Christmas Bird Counts; Island; Population dynamics; Statistical simulation; Exotic birds ID INVASIVE SPECIES REMOVAL; EXTINCTION THRESHOLDS; ERADICATION; HYPOTHESIS; COLLAPSE; SUCCESS; MODELS AB A particularly vexing phenomenon within invasion ecology is the occurrence of spontaneous collapses within seemingly well-established exotic populations. Here, we assess the frequency of collapses among 68 exotic bird populations established in Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Los Angeles and Miami. Following other published definitions, we define a 'collapse' as a decline in abundance of >= 90 % within <= 10 years that lasts for at least 3 years. We show that 44 of the 68 exotic bird populations have exhibited declines at some point within their time series. Sixteen of the populations declined sufficiently to be defined as collapsed. It took on average 3.8 +/- 1.8 years for populations to decline into a collapsed state, and this state persisted on average for 7.1 +/- 6.3 years across (collapsed) populations. We compared the severity and duration of declines across all 44 declining populations according to taxonomic Order and geographic region. Neither variable explained substantial variation in the metrics of collapse. Our results indicate that severe, rapid, and persistent population declines may be common among exotic populations. We suggest that incorporating the probability and persistence of collapses into management decisions can inform efforts to enact control or eradication measures. We also suggest that applying our approach to other taxa and locations is crucial for improving our understanding of when and where collapses are likely to occur. C1 [Aagaard, Kevin; Lockwood, Julie L.] Rutgers State Univ, Grad Program Ecol & Evolut, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Aagaard, Kevin; Lockwood, Julie L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Aagaard, Kevin] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Aagaard, K (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Grad Program Ecol & Evolut, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.; Aagaard, K (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.; Aagaard, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM kaagaard@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUN PY 2016 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1667 EP 1678 DI 10.1007/s10530-016-1109-2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM9CZ UT WOS:000376663400012 ER PT J AU Fischer, JW McMurtry, D Blass, CR Walter, WD Beringer, J VerCauteren, KC AF Fischer, Justin W. McMurtry, Dan Blass, Chad R. Walter, W. David Beringer, Jeff VerCauteren, Kurt C. TI Effects of simulated removal activities on movements and space use of feral swine SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Feral swine; Global Positioning System; Harassment; Home range; Missouri; Sus scrofa; Wild hogs ID BOAR SUS-SCROFA; WILD BOAR; PIG ERADICATION; NATIONAL-PARK; BEHAVIOR; POPULATION; HELICOPTER; MANAGEMENT; RESOURCE; HABITAT AB Abundance and distribution of feral swine (Sus scrofa) in the USA have increased dramatically during the last 30 years. Effective measures are needed to control and eradicate feral swine populations without displacing animals over wider areas. Our objective was to investigate effects of repeated simulated removal activities on feral swine movements and space use. We analyzed location data from 21 feral swine that we fitted with Global Positioning System harnesses in southern MO, USA. Various removal activities were applied over time to eight feral swine before lethal removal, including trapped-and-released, chased with dogs, chased with hunter, and chased with helicopter. We found that core space-use areas were reduced following the first removal activity, whereas overall space-use areas and diurnal movement distances increased following the second removal activity. Mean geographic centroid shifts did not differ between pre- and post-periods for either the first or second removal activities. Our information on feral swine movements and space use precipitated by human removal activities, such as hunting, trapping, and chasing with dogs, helps fill a knowledge void and will aid wildlife managers. Strategies to optimize management are needed to reduce feral swine populations while preventing enlarged home ranges and displacing individuals, which could lead to increased disease transmission risk and human-feral swine conflict in adjacent areas. C1 [Fischer, Justin W.; Blass, Chad R.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [McMurtry, Dan] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, 1714 Commerce Ct Suite C, Columbia, MO 65202 USA. [Walter, W. David] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 403 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Beringer, Jeff] Missouri Dept Conservat, 1110 S Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP VerCauteren, KC (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kurt.c.vercautern@aphis.usda.gov FU Missouri Department of Conservation; National Wildlife Research Center; USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services (MO) FX We thank the many coworkers and volunteers who assisted with the project design and data collection, especially C. Arias, J. Blair, and other staff from the Missouri Department of Conservation. Research was funded in part by the Missouri Department of Conservation, USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services (MO), and the National Wildlife Research Center. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-4642 EI 1439-0574 J9 EUR J WILDLIFE RES JI Eur. J. Wildl. Res. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 62 IS 3 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1007/s10344-016-1000-6 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DM8DZ UT WOS:000376592300004 ER PT J AU Lucas, LK Gompert, Z Gibson, JR Bell, KL Buerkle, CA Nice, CC AF Lucas, Lauren K. Gompert, Zachariah Gibson, J. Randy Bell, Katherine L. Buerkle, C. Alex Nice, Chris C. TI Pervasive gene flow across critical habitat for four narrowly endemic, sympatric taxa SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE approximate Bayesian computation; aquatic invertebrate; endangered species; genotyping-by-sequencing; neotenic salamander ID FRESH-WATER INVERTEBRATES; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; LOCAL ADAPTATION; TEXAS; SPRINGS; TRANSLOCATIONS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; SALAMANDERS; DIVERSITY; SELECTION AB We studied genetic variation in four endangered animal taxa in the largest freshwater spring complex in the southwestern U.S.A., Comal Springs (TX): Eurycea salamanders, Heterelmis riffle beetles, Stygobromus amphipods and Stygoparnus dryopid beetles. They inhabit a spring complex with nearly stable conditions, which is threatened by climate change and aquifer withdrawals. The four taxa vary in their habitat affinities and body sizes. We used genotyping-by-sequencing to obtain hundreds to thousands of genetic markers to accurately infer the demographic history of the taxa. We used approximate Bayesian computation to test models of gene flow and compare the results among taxa. We also looked for evidence that would suggest local adaptation within the spring complex. An island model (equal gene flow among all subpopulations) was the most probable of the five models tested, and all four taxa had high migration rate estimates. Small numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in each taxon tested were associated with environmental conditions and provide some evidence for potential local adaptation to slightly variable conditions across habitat patches within Comal Springs. We discuss how the results of this study can add to the habitat conservation plan for Comal Springs. If part of the spring system dries, migrants may recolonise from elsewhere within the spring complex. However, genetic variants affecting survival in particular habitat patches could be lost during such droughts. C1 [Lucas, Lauren K.; Bell, Katherine L.; Nice, Chris C.] Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX USA. [Lucas, Lauren K.; Gompert, Zachariah] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Gibson, J. Randy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Aquat Resources Ctr, San Marcos, TX USA. [Buerkle, C. Alex] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Lucas, LK (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM llucas@usu.edu FU Texas Parks and Wildlife; Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) [MCB110082]; National Science Foundation [ACI-1053575] FX This research was funded by Texas Parks and Wildlife (Section 6) to LKL and CCN. We thank Chad Norris and colleagues for detailed environmental data and the USFWS Aquatic Resources Center staff, especially Joe Fries and Val Cantu, for their help collecting specimens. To run the ABC simulations, we used computer clusters at the University of Wyoming, Texas State University, Utah State University and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE, previously Teragrid, through allocation award MCB110082 to CAB), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant number ACI-1053575. This project was improved by input from Bob Hall, Jim Ott, Kenneth Ostrand, Tom Devitt, Andy Gluesenkamp and two anonymous reviewers. The views presented herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 61 IS 6 BP 933 EP 946 DI 10.1111/fwb.12758 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DM8GS UT WOS:000376600100010 ER PT J AU Houser, JN AF Houser, Jeffrey N. TI Contrasts between channels and backwaters in a large, floodplain river: testing our understanding of nutrient cycling, phytoplankton abundance, and suspended solids dynamics SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; phosphorus; chlorophyll a; spatial contrasts; Upper Mississippi River; lateral hydraulic connectivity ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; HYDROLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY; SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; ORGANIC-MATTER; SYSTEM DANUBE; LOWER RHINE; LAKES; SEDIMENT; AUSTRIA AB In floodplain rivers, variability in hydraulic connectivity interacts with biogeochemistry to determine the distribution of suspended and dissolved substances. Nutrient, chlorophyll a, and suspended solids data spanning longitudinal (5 study reaches across 1300 river km), lateral (main channel and backwaters), and temporal (1994-2011) gradients in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) were used to examine the extent to which observed differences between the main channel and backwaters were consistent with expectations based on current understanding of biogeochemical processes in large rivers. For N and P, the results largely conformed to expectations. N concentrations were greater in the main channel than in the backwaters in 82 to 96% of the observations across river reaches. Maximum TP concentrations generally occurred in backwaters during summer, when backwater TP often exceeded that of the main channel. Flux of P from sediments may be a substantial source of water-column P in UMR backwaters in summer. The data for suspended solids and chlorophyll a suggest that some refinements are needed of our understanding of ecosystem processes in large rivers. During low-discharge conditions, concentrations of inorganic suspended solids often were greater in backwaters than in the main channel, suggesting the importance of sediment resuspension. Chlorophyll a concentrations were usually greater in backwaters than in the main channel, but exceptions indicate that phytoplankton abundance in the main channel of the UMR can sometimes be greater than is typically expected for large rivers. C1 [Houser, Jeffrey N.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Houser, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jhouser@usgs.gov FU US Army Corps of Engineers' Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program's Long Term Resource Monitoring element (UMRR LTRM) FX The data presented here were collected by the US Army Corps of Engineers' Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program's Long Term Resource Monitoring element (UMRR LTRM), which also funded JNH's work on this project. I thank the UMRR LTRM water-quality sampling crews from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Illinois Natural History Survey, and Missouri Department of Conservation, who collected the data. This manuscript benefitted substantially from discussions with staff from these field stations, especially early discussions with R. Burdis (Minnesota), J. Fischer (Wisconsin), D. Bierman (Iowa), and L. Gittinger (Illinois). X. Yuan, B. Kreiling, J. Manier, and the staff of the UMESC water-quality laboratory conducted all chemical analyses. J. Rogala provided comments on an early draft of the figures and compiled the river discharge data shown in Table 2. J. C. Nelson produced Fig. 2. The comments of Associate Editor T. Angradi, B. Johnson, J. Klug, J. Sullivan, and several anonymous referees substantially improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 18 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 35 IS 2 BP 457 EP 473 DI 10.1086/686171 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DM6OF UT WOS:000376471600002 ER PT J AU Goode, DJ AF Goode, Daniel J. TI Map visualization of groundwater withdrawals at the sub-basin scale SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Geographic information systems; Groundwater management; Water supply; Groundwater recharge/water budget; Over-abstraction AB A simple method is proposed to visualize the magnitude of groundwater withdrawals from wells relative to user-defined water-resource metrics. The map is solely an illustration of the withdrawal magnitudes, spatially centered on wells-it is not capture zones or source areas contributing recharge to wells. Common practice is to scale the size (area) of withdrawal well symbols proportional to pumping rate. Symbols are drawn large enough to be visible, but not so large that they overlap excessively. In contrast to such graphics-based symbol sizes, the proposed method uses a depth-rate index (length per time) to visualize the well withdrawal rates by volumetrically consistent areas, called "footprints". The area of each individual well's footprint is the withdrawal rate divided by the depth-rate index. For example, the groundwater recharge rate could be used as a depth-rate index to show how large withdrawals are relative to that recharge. To account for the interference of nearby wells, composite footprints are computed by iterative nearest-neighbor distribution of excess withdrawals on a computational and display grid having uniform square cells. The map shows circular footprints at individual isolated wells and merged footprint areas where wells' individual footprints overlap. Examples are presented for depth-rate indexes corresponding to recharge, to spatially variable stream baseflow (normalized by basin area), and to the average rate of water-table decline (scaled by specific yield). These depth-rate indexes are water-resource metrics, and the footprints visualize the magnitude of withdrawals relative to these metrics. C1 [Goode, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, Exton, PA 19341 USA. RP Goode, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Exton, PA 19341 USA. EM djgoode@usgs.gov OI Goode, Daniel/0000-0002-8527-2456 FU US Geological Survey National Water Census FX This study was supported by the US Geological Survey National Water Census. I am grateful for helpful suggestions on the manuscript provided by Fred D. Tillman, US Geological Survey, and by Chris Turnadge and Leanne Morgan, plus an anonymous reviewer. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1057 EP 1065 DI 10.1007/s10040-016-1379-x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DM5QP UT WOS:000376405400021 ER PT J AU Macias-Duarte, A Montoya, AB Rodriguez-Salazar, JR Panjabi, AO Calderon-Dominguez, PA Hunt, WG AF Macias-Duarte, Alberto Montoya, Angel B. Roberto Rodriguez-Salazar, J. Panjabi, Arvind O. Calderon-Dominguez, Pedro A. Hunt, W. Grainger TI THE IMMINENT DISAPPEARANCE OF THE APLOMADO FALCON FROM THE CHIHUAHUAN DESERT SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aplomado Falcon; Falco femoralis; Chihuahuan Desert; extirpation; Mexico ID MEXICO; GRASSLANDS; HABITAT C1 [Macias-Duarte, Alberto] Univ Estatal Sonora, Cuerpo Acad Recursos Nat, Unidad Acad Hermosillo, Ley Fed del Trabajo S-N, Hermosillo 83100, Sonora, Mexico. [Montoya, Angel B.; Roberto Rodriguez-Salazar, J.; Hunt, W. Grainger] Peregrine Fund, 5668 West Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, ID 83709 USA. [Roberto Rodriguez-Salazar, J.; Calderon-Dominguez, Pedro A.] IMC Vida Silvestre AC, Rio Jordan 4311, Chihuahua 31300, Chihuahua, Mexico. [Panjabi, Arvind O.] Bird Conservancy Rockies, 230 Cherry,Suite 130, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Montoya, Angel B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Partners Fish & Wildlife Program, 1800 Marquess St, Las Cruces, NM 88005 USA. RP Macias-Duarte, A (reprint author), Univ Estatal Sonora, Cuerpo Acad Recursos Nat, Unidad Acad Hermosillo, Ley Fed del Trabajo S-N, Hermosillo 83100, Sonora, Mexico. EM alberto.macias@ues.mx FU Peregrine Fund; T E Inc.; PROFAUNA; World Wildlife Fund; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Canadian Wildlife Service; Timken Foundation; Bird Conservancy of the Rockies; Professional Development Program for Teachers (PRODEP), Universidad Estatal de Sonora; IMC Vida Silvestre A.C FX We thank The Peregrine Fund, T & E Inc., PROFAUNA, World Wildlife Fund, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Canadian Wildlife Service, the Timken Foundation, Bird Conservancy of the Rockies, Professional Development Program for Teachers (PRODEP), Universidad Estatal de Sonora, and IMC Vida Silvestre A.C. for financial support. We thank Alberto Lafon, whose support was instrumental. We thank Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales of Mexico for issuing the scientific collection permits that allowed us to work in Mexico (Permits No. SGPA/DGVS/01626, SGPA/DGVS/03546, SGPA/DGVS/07122/09, SGPA/DGVS/02400/13, SGPA/DGVS/09558/13, SGPA/DGVS/01112/15). We especially thank the landowners for providing access to their land, particularly Enrique Baeza and the Borunda Carrillo family who also provided logistical support. Field assistance for this project was provided by Julio Gallardo, Alejandro Nava, Josue Mendez, and Joel Morales. Comments by Tom Cade and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved an earlier version of this report. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 50 IS 2 BP 211 EP 216 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DN0MV UT WOS:000376758900008 ER PT J AU Pagel, JE Hunt, WG Kiff, LF AF Pagel, Joel E. Hunt, W. Grainger Kiff, Lloyd F. TI JANET LOUISE LINTHICUM 1960-2016 IN MEMORIAM SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Pagel, Joel E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2105 Osuna Rd, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. [Hunt, W. Grainger] Peregrine Fund, 552-205 James Dr, Mcarthur, CA 96056 USA. [Kiff, Lloyd F.] 4410 Glacier Pond Lane, Clinton, WA 98236 USA. RP Pagel, JE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2105 Osuna Rd, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 50 IS 2 BP 239 EP 240 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DN0MV UT WOS:000376758900017 ER PT J AU Sundstronn, SM Allen, CR Gunderson, L AF Sundstronn, Shana M. Allen, Craig R. Gunderson, Lance TI Resisting Resilience Theory: A Response to Connell and Ghedini SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter ID ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; REGIME-SHIFTS; RESISTANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; SCALE C1 [Sundstronn, Shana M.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Gunderson, Lance] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Sundstronn, SM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM sundstrom.shana@gmail.com NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 6 BP 412 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2016.03.014 PG 2 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DN1DY UT WOS:000376807700001 PM 27085198 ER PT J AU Holm, GO Perez, BC McWhorter, DE Krauss, KW Johnson, DJ Raynie, RC Killebrew, CJ AF Holm, Guerry O., Jr. Perez, Brian C. McWhorter, David E. Krauss, Ken W. Johnson, Darren J. Raynie, Richard C. Killebrew, Charles J. TI Ecosystem Level Methane Fluxes from Tidal Freshwater and Brackish Marshes of the Mississippi River Delta: Implications for Coastal Wetland Carbon Projects SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Methane; Tidal wetland; Carbon sequestration; Eddy covariance ID ET-AL. 2013; EDDY COVARIANCE; QUALITY-CONTROL; PLAIN WETLANDS; LOUISIANA; FOOTPRINT; EMISSIONS; SEQUESTRATION; CHAMBER; MODEL AB Sulfate from seawater inhibits methane production in tidal wetlands, and by extension, salinity has been used as a general predictor of methane emissions. With the need to reduce methane flux uncertainties from tidal wetlands, eddy covariance (EC) techniques provide an integrated methane budget. The goals of this study were to: 1) establish methane emissions from natural, freshwater and brackish wetlands in Louisiana based on EC; and 2) determine if EC estimates conform to a methane-salinity relationship derived from temperate tidal wetlands with chamber sampling. Annual estimates of methane emissions from this study were 62.3 g CH4/m(2)/yr and 13.8 g CH4/m(2)/yr for the freshwater and brackish (8-10 psu) sites, respectively. If it is assumed that long-term, annual soil carbon sequestration rates of natural marshes are similar to 200 g C/m(2)/yr (7.3 tCO(2)e/ha/yr), healthy brackish marshes could be expected to act as a net radiative sink, equivalent to less than one-half the soil carbon accumulation rate after subtracting methane emissions (4.1 tCO(2)e/ha/yr). Carbon sequestration rates would need case-by-case assessment, but the EC methane emissions estimates in this study conformed well to an existing salinity-methane model that should serve as a basis for establishing emission factors for wetland carbon offset projects. C1 [Holm, Guerry O., Jr.; Perez, Brian C.; McWhorter, David E.] CH2M, 700 Main St,Suite 400, Baton Rouge, LA 70802 USA. [Krauss, Ken W.] US Geol Survey, USGS Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Johnson, Darren J.] Cherokee Nations Tech Solut, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Raynie, Richard C.; Killebrew, Charles J.] Louisiana Coastal Protect & Restorat Author, POB 44027, Baton Rouge, LA 70804 USA. RP Holm, GO (reprint author), CH2M, 700 Main St,Suite 400, Baton Rouge, LA 70802 USA. EM guerry.holm@ch2m.com FU Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority FX This research was funded by the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority with special thanks to Jerome "Zee" Zeringue for his support. We would like to thank Mr. Tim Allen and Mr. Francis Fields of Apache Louisiana Minerals for supporting this research through access to Apache property. We would also like to thank the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries for property access. We greatly appreciate the staff of Coastal Estuary Services (E. Bourg, T. Nguyen, C. Hymel, R. Messer, C. Northern, J. Pace, and J. Devore) who made it possible to access distant sites, and their assistance with sampling and servicing instruments. We appreciate the work and expertise of R. F. Moss and N. Cormier of the USGS during field data collection. We also extend our thanks to the insights of the two anonymous reviewers that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 20 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2016 VL 36 IS 3 BP 401 EP 413 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0746-7 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM9BL UT WOS:000376658700001 ER PT J AU Iwasaki, T Shimizu, Y Kimura, I AF Iwasaki, Toshiki Shimizu, Yasuyuki Kimura, Ichiro TI Sensitivity of free bar morphology in rivers to secondary flow modeling: Linear stability analysis and numerical simulation SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Free bars; Secondary flow; Numerical simulation; Linear stability analysis; Depth-averaged model ID ARBITRARILY SLOPING BEDS; LOW SHIELDS STRESS; ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; ALTERNATE BARS; BANK EROSION; FLOODPLAIN VEGETATION; MEANDERING CHANNELS; STRAIGHT CHANNELS; LOAD TRANSPORT; INSTABILITY AB A number of numerical models have been proposed to understand and simulate fluvial river morphodynamics; however, it is somewhat unclear whether all the models are able to consistently simulate flow-bed instability phenomena. This study investigates the sensitivity of free bar morphology in rivers to secondary flow models used in depth-averaged models using linear stability analyses and numerical simulations. Both the linear analyses and numerical simulations suggest that under certain hydraulic conditions, an equilibrium-type secondary flow model, which has been widely used in river morphodynamic models, fails to generate a finite wavelength and bar mode, allowing the inception of bars of infinitely short scale and infinitely high mode. Using a nonequilibrium-type secondary flow model avoids the un-physical formation of these incipient free bars, and gives better solutions regarding finite amplitude bars. Since free bars are essential, intrinsic river morphological features, the findings of this study can be applied to a wide range of river morphodynamic calculations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Iwasaki, Toshiki] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 N,Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Iwasaki, Toshiki] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Shimizu, Yasuyuki; Kimura, Ichiro] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Lab Hydraul Res, Kita Ku, N13,W8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. RP Iwasaki, T (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 N,Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.; Iwasaki, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO USA. EM tiwasaki@illinois.edu OI Iwasaki, Toshiki/0000-0002-7196-3619 NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 92 BP 57 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.03.011 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DL9EW UT WOS:000375945600006 ER PT J AU Fuller, ME Heraty, L Condee, CW Vainberg, S Sturchio, NC Bohlke, JK Hatzinger, PB AF Fuller, Mark E. Heraty, Linnea Condee, Charles W. Vainberg, Simon Sturchio, Neil C. Bohlke, J. K. Hatzinger, Paul B. TI Relating Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Effects to Reaction Mechanisms during Aerobic or Anaerobic Degradation of RDX (Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine) by Pure Bacterial Cultures SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP STRAIN DN22; BIODEGRADATION PATHWAYS; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; XENOBIOTIC REDUCTASES; NATURAL ATTENUATION; ABIOTIC REDUCTION; FRESH-WATER; FRACTIONATION; NITRATE; EXPLOSIVES AB Kinetic isotopic fractionation of carbon and nitrogen during RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) biodegradation was investigated with pure bacterial cultures under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Relatively large bulk enrichments in N-15 were observed during biodegradation of RDX via anaerobic ring cleavage (epsilon N-15 = -12.7% +/- 0.8%) and anaerobic nitro reduction (epsilon N-15 = -9.9% +/- 0.7%), in comparison to smaller effects during biodegradation via aerobic denitration (epsilon N-15 = -2.4% +/- 0.2%). C-13 enrichment was negligible during aerobic RDX biodegradation (epsilon C-13 = -0.8% +/- 0.5%) but larger during anaerobic degradation (epsilon C-13 = -4.0% +/- 0.8%), with modest variability among genera. Dual-isotope epsilon C-13/epsilon N-15 analyses indicated that the three biodegradation pathways could be distinguished isotopically from each other and from abiotic degradation mechanisms. Compared to the initial RDX bulk delta N-15 value of +9%, delta N-15 values of the NO2- released from RDX ranged from -7% to +2% during aerobic biodegradation and from -42% to -24% during anaerobic biodegradation. Numerical reaction models indicated that N isotope effects of NO2- production were much larger than, but systematically related to, the bulk RDX N isotope effects with different bacteria. Apparent intrinsic epsilon N-15-NO2- values were consistent with an initial denitration pathway in the aerobic experiments and more complex processes of NO2- formation associated with anaerobic ring cleavage. These results indicate the potential for isotopic analysis of residual RDX for the differentiation of degradation pathways and indicate that further efforts to examine the isotopic composition of potential RDX degradation products (e.g., NOx) in the environment are warranted. IMPORTANCE This work provides the first systematic evaluation of the isotopic fractionation of carbon and nitrogen in the organic explosive RDX during degradation by different pathways. It also provides data on the isotopic effects observed in the nitrite produced during RDX biodegradation. Both of these results could lead to better understanding of the fate of RDX in the environment and help improve monitoring and remediation technologies. C1 [Fuller, Mark E.; Condee, Charles W.; Vainberg, Simon; Hatzinger, Paul B.] CB&I Fed Serv, Lawrenceville, NJ USA. [Heraty, Linnea; Sturchio, Neil C.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. [Bohlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Fuller, ME (reprint author), CB&I Fed Serv, Lawrenceville, NJ USA. EM mark.fuller@cbifederalservices.com FU Environmental Security Technology Certification Program [W912HQ-12-C-0019]; Strategic Environmental Research and Developmental Program [W912HQ-08-C-0031] FX This work, including the efforts of Mark E. Fuller, Linnea Heraty, Charles W. Condee, Simon Vainberg, Neil C. Sturchio, John K. Bohlke, and Paul B. Hatzinger, was funded by Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (W912HQ-12-C-0019). This work, including the efforts of Mark E. Fuller, Linnea Heraty, Charles W. Condee, Simon Vainberg, Neil C. Sturchio, John K. Bohlke, and Paul B. Hatzinger, was funded by Strategic Environmental Research and Developmental Program (W912HQ-08-C-0031). NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 19 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 82 IS 11 BP 3297 EP 3309 DI 10.1128/AEM.00073-16 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA DM2EL UT WOS:000376159400015 PM 27016566 ER PT J AU Camp, RJ Brinck, KW Gorresen, PM Paxton, EH AF Camp, Richard J. Brinck, Kevin W. Gorresen, P. Marcos Paxton, Eben H. TI Evaluating abundance and trends in a Hawaiian avian community using state-space analysis SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE; POINT-COUNT SURVEYS; FOREST BIRDS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; FIELD-EVALUATION; TIME-SERIES; MODELS; DISTANCE; ERROR AB Estimating population abundances and patterns of change over time are important in both ecology and conservation. Trend assessment typically entails fitting a regression to a time series of abundances to estimate population trajectory. However, changes in abundance estimates from year-to-year across time are due to both true variation in population size (process variation) and variation due to imperfect sampling and model fit. State-space models are a relatively new method that can be used to partition the error components and quantify trends based only on process variation. We compare a state-space modelling approach with a more traditional linear regression approach to assess trends in uncorrected raw counts and detection-corrected abundance estimates of forest birds at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Hawaii. Most species demonstrated similar trends using either method. In general, evidence for trends using state-space models was less strong than for linear regression, as measured by estimates of precision. However, while the state-space models may sacrifice precision, the expectation is that these estimates provide a better representation of the real world biological processes of interest because they are partitioning process variation (environmental and demographic variation) and observation variation (sampling and model variation). The state-space approach also provides annual estimates of abundance which can be used by managers to set conservation strategies, and can be linked to factors that vary by year, such as climate, to better understand processes that drive population trends. C1 [Camp, Richard J.; Brinck, Kevin W.; Gorresen, P. Marcos] Univ Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. [Paxton, Eben H.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Camp, RJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. EM rick_camp@usgs.gov OI Camp, Richard/0000-0001-7008-923X; Paxton, Eben/0000-0001-5578-7689 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Inventory and Monitoring Program, Fort Collins; U.S. Geological Survey-Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center FX We thank the Refuge managers and field biologists who collected the bird survey data, and the interns that assisted with data preparation. This manuscript was improved by comments from Jeff Hatfield, Steffen Oppel, Nat Seavy, and an anonymous referee. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Inventory and Monitoring Program, Fort Collins and the U.S. Geological Survey-Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0959-2709 EI 1474-0001 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 2 BP 225 EP 242 DI 10.1017/S0959270915000088 PG 18 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DM4EA UT WOS:000376297400009 ER PT J AU Oyler-McCance, SJ DeYoung, RW Fike, JA Hagen, CA Johnson, JA Larsson, LC Patten, MA AF Oyler-McCance, Sara J. DeYoung, Randall W. Fike, Jennifer A. Hagen, Christian A. Johnson, Jeff A. Larsson, Lena C. Patten, Michael A. TI Rangewide genetic analysis of Lesser Prairie-Chicken reveals population structure, range expansion, and possible introgression SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Tympanuchus pallidicinctus; Spatial genetic population structure; Gene flow; Genetic diversity; Hybridization ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; TETRAO-TETRIX; OUTBREEDING DEPRESSION; NICHE CONSERVATISM; MIGRATION RATES; TYMPANUCHUS-PALLIDICINCTUS; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; FRAGMENTED POPULATIONS AB The distribution of the Lesser Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) has been markedly reduced due to loss and fragmentation of habitat. Portions of the historical range, however, have been recolonized and even expanded due to planting of conservation reserve program (CRP) fields that provide favorable vegetation structure for Lesser Prairie-Chickens. The source population(s) feeding the range expansion is unknown, yet has resulted in overlap between Lesser and Greater Prairie-Chickens (T. cupido) increasing the potential for hybridization. Our objectives were to characterize connectivity and genetic diversity among populations, identify source population(s) of recent range expansion, and examine hybridization with the Greater Prairie-Chicken. We analyzed 640 samples from across the range using 13 microsatellites. We identified three to four populations corresponding largely to ecoregions. The Shinnery Oak Prairie and Sand Sagebrush Prairie represented genetically distinct populations (F (ST) > 0.034 and F (ST) > 0.023 respectively). The Shortgrass/CRP Mosaic and Mixed Grass ecoregions appeared admixed (F (ST) = 0.009). Genetic diversity was similar among ecoregions and N (e) ranged from 142 (95 % CI 99-236) for the Shortgrass/CRP Mosaic to 296 (95 % CI 233-396) in the Mixed Grass Prairie. No recent migration was detected among ecoregions, except asymmetric dispersal from both the Mixed Grass Prairie and to a lesser extent the Sand Sagebrush Prairie north into adjacent Shortgrass/CRP Mosaic (m = 0.207, 95 % CI 0.116-0.298, m = 0.097, 95 % CI 0.010-0.183, respectively). Indices investigating potential hybridization in the Shortgrass/CRP Mosaic revealed that six of the 13 individuals with hybrid phenotypes were significantly admixed suggesting hybridization. Continued monitoring of diversity within and among ecoregions is warranted as are actions promoting genetic connectivity and range expansion. C1 [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; Fike, Jennifer A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [DeYoung, Randall W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Rangeland & Wildlife Sci, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Hagen, Christian A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Bend, OR 97702 USA. [Johnson, Jeff A.] Univ N Texas, Inst Appl Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Larsson, Lena C.; Patten, Michael A.] Univ Oklahoma, Sutton Avian Res Ctr, Bartlesville, OK 74005 USA. [Patten, Michael A.] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73109 USA. [Patten, Michael A.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Norman, OK 73109 USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM soyler@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; Oregon State University [J1730A]; Pheasants Forever [J1730A] FX We thank the numerous landowners and field technicians who contributed to sample collection for this project. We are grateful to Matt Bain and Tamara Fields for collection of blood and morphometric samples for the hybrids. We thank Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism, New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, and Texas Parks and Wildlife for their input and support. Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. Support for C.A. Hagen was provided by Grant Agreement #J1730A between Oregon State University and Pheasants Forever. The Sutton Avian Research Center gratefully acknowledges support from federal and state agencies, corporate and private foundations, and private individuals. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 108 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 3 BP 643 EP 660 DI 10.1007/s10592-016-0812-y PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA DM1ED UT WOS:000376087200012 ER PT J AU Rengers, F Lunacek, M Tucker, G AF Rengers, Francis Lunacek, Monte Tucker, Gregory TI Application of an evolutionary algorithm for parameter optimization in a gully erosion model SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Optimization; Erosion; Hydrology; Landscape modeling ID ADAPTATION; MIGRATION AB Herein we demonstrate how to use model optimization to determine a set of best-fit parameters for a landform model simulating gully incision and headcut retreat. To achieve this result we employed the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES), an iterative process in which samples are created based on a distribution of parameter values that evolve over time to better fit an objective function. CMA-ES efficiently finds optimal parameters, even with high-dimensional objective functions that are non-convex, multimodal, and non-separable. We ran model instances in parallel on a high-performance cluster, and from hundreds of model runs we obtained the best parameter choices. This method is far superior to brute-force search algorithms, and has great potential for many applications in earth science modeling. We found that parameters representing boundary conditions tended to converge toward an optimal single value, whereas parameters controlling geomorphic processes are defined by a range of optimal values. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rengers, Francis; Tucker, Gregory] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lunacek, Monte] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Rengers, Francis] US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rengers, F (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Rengers, F (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM frengers@usgs.gov RI Rengers, Francis/E-8873-2017 OI Rengers, Francis/0000-0002-1825-0943 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0952247] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support for this study by the National Science Foundation grant EAR-0952247 (GT) and the use of the Janus high-performance cluster at the University of Colorado. We are also appreciative of thoughtful review comments provided by two anonymous reviewers. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 80 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.02.033 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM3AD UT WOS:000376218300023 ER PT J AU Fatichi, S Vivoni, ER Ogden, FL Ivanov, VY Mirus, B Gochis, D Downer, CW Camporese, M Davison, JH Ebel, BA Jones, N Kim, J Mascaro, G Niswonger, R Restrepo, P Rigon, R Shen, C Sulis, M Tarboton, D AF Fatichi, Simone Vivoni, Enrique R. Ogden, Fred L. Ivanov, Valeriy Y. Mirus, Benjamin Gochis, David Downer, Charles W. Camporese, Matteo Davison, Jason H. Ebel, Brian A. Jones, Norm Kim, Jongho Mascaro, Giuseppe Niswonger, Richard Restrepo, Pedro Rigon, Riccardo Shen, Chaopeng Sulis, Mauro Tarboton, David TI An overview of current applications, challenges, and future trends in distributed process-based models in hydrology SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Review DE Modeling; Interdisciplinary; Watershed processes; Virtual experiments; Change assessments; Natural and built environment ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; VARIABLY SATURATED FLOW; SURFACE PROCESSES MODEL; EARTH SYSTEM MODELS; LAND-SURFACE; CATCHMENT-SCALE; SOIL-MOISTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DATA ASSIMILATION; RESPONSE SIMULATION AB Process-based hydrological models have a long history dating back to the 1960s. Criticized by some as over-parameterized, overly complex, and difficult to use, a more nuanced view is that these tools are necessary in many situations and, in a certain class of problems, they are the most appropriate type of hydrological model. This is especially the case in situations where knowledge of flow paths or distributed state variables and/or preservation of physical constraints is important. Examples of this include: spatiotemporal variability of soil moisture, groundwater flow and runoff generation, sediment and contaminant transport, or when feedbacks among various Earth's system processes or understanding the impacts of climate non-stationarity are of primary concern. These are situations where process-based models excel and other models are unverifiable. This article presents this pragmatic view in the context of existing literature to justify the approach where applicable and necessary. We review how improvements in data availability, computational resources and algorithms have made detailed hydrological simulations a reality. Avenues for the future of process-based hydrological models are presented suggesting their use as virtual laboratories, for design purposes, and with a powerful treatment of uncertainty. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fatichi, Simone] ETH, Inst Environm Engn, Stefano Franscini Pl 5,HIL D 23-2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Vivoni, Enrique R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Vivoni, Enrique R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Tempe, AZ USA. [Ogden, Fred L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Civil & Architectural Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Ivanov, Valeriy Y.; Kim, Jongho] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mirus, Benjamin] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Gochis, David] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Downer, Charles W.] Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hydrol Syst Branch, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Camporese, Matteo] Univ Padua, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Padua, Italy. [Davison, Jason H.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Ebel, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Jones, Norm] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Kim, Jongho] Sejong Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Mascaro, Giuseppe] Arizona State Univ, Julie Anne Wrigley Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA. [Niswonger, Richard] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Restrepo, Pedro] NOAA, North Cent River Forecast Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Chanhassen, MN USA. [Rigon, Riccardo] Univ Trento, Dipartimen Ingn Civile Ambientale & Meccan, Trento, Italy. [Rigon, Riccardo] Univ Trento, CUDAM, Trento, Italy. [Shen, Chaopeng] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sulis, Mauro] Univ Bonn, Meteorol Inst, Bonn, Germany. [Tarboton, David] Utah State Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Fatichi, S (reprint author), ETH, Inst Environm Engn, Stefano Franscini Pl 5,HIL D 23-2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM simone.fatichi@ifu.baug.ethz.ch RI Vivoni, Enrique/E-1202-2012; Camporese, Matteo/I-5405-2012; Mascaro, Giuseppe/K-5504-2013; Rigon, Riccardo/B-5395-2008; OI Vivoni, Enrique/0000-0002-2659-9459; Camporese, Matteo/0000-0002-7505-798X; Mascaro, Giuseppe/0000-0003-4516-1206; Rigon, Riccardo/0000-0002-7668-5806; Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963; Fatichi, Simone/0000-0003-1361-6659 FU Stavros Niarchos Foundation; ETH Zurich Foundation [ETH-29 14-2]; NSF [EAR 1151443]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SFB/TR32] FX This article resulted from discussions held during the session "High Resolution Hydrologic Modeling: Challenges and Avenues for Development" at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2013 in San Francisco, USA. Luke McGuire, USGS, provided a useful review of an earlier draft of this manuscript. We thank Massimo Dotti for the references about astrophysics. SF thanks the support of the Stavros Niarchos Foundation and the ETH Zurich Foundation (Grant ETH-29 14-2). VI acknowledges the support of NSF Grant EAR 1151443. MS acknowledges financial support from SFB/TR32 (Patterns in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Systems: Monitoring, Modeling, and Data Assimilation) funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 290 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 64 U2 115 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 537 BP 45 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.03.026 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DM2XU UT WOS:000376212200007 ER PT J AU Ruggiero, P Kaminsky, GM Gelfenbaum, G Cohn, N AF Ruggiero, Peter Kaminsky, George M. Gelfenbaum, Guy Cohn, Nicholas TI Morphodynamics of prograding beaches: A synthesis of seasonal- to century-scale observations of the Columbia River littoral cell SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Coastal barriers; Columbia; River littoral cell; Foredunes; Morphodynamics; Progradation; Sediment budget ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT PROCESSES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST COAST; OFFSHORE BAR MIGRATION; SHORELINE CHANGE; GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK; CLIMATE CONTROLS; INTERTIDAL BARS; NORTHERN FRANCE; SAND TRANSPORT; WAVE CLIMATE AB Findings from nearly two decades of research focused on the Columbia River littoral cell (CRLC), a set of rapidly prograding coastal barriers and strand-plains in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, are synthesized to investigate the morphodynamics associated with prograding beaches. Due to a large sediment supply from the Columbia River, the CRLC is the only extensive stretch of shoreline on the U.S. west coast to have advanced significantly seaward during the late Holocene. Since the last Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) earthquake in 1700, with associated co-seismic subsidence and tsunami, much of the CRLC has prograded hundreds of meters. However, the rates of progradation, and the processes most responsible for sediment accumulation, vary depending on time scale and the morphological unit in question. Remarkably, the 20th and early 21st century shoreline change rates were more than double the late prehistoric rates that include recovery from the last major CSZ event, most likely due to an increase in sediment supply resulting from inlet jetty construction. In some locations detailed beach morphology monitoring reveals that at interannual- to decadal-scale the upper shoreface aggraded about 2 cm/yr, subtidal sandbars migrated offshore and decayed while intertidal bars migrated onshore and welded to the shoreline, the shoreline prograded about 4 m/yr, and 1 to 2 new foredune ridges were generated. A detailed meso-scale sediment budget analysis in one location within the littoral cell shows that approximately 100 m(3)/m/yr accumulated between 12 m (seaward limit of data) and +9 m (crest of landward-most foredune). Gradients in alongshore sediment transport, net onshore-directed cross-shore sediment transport within the surf zone, and cross-shore feeding from a shoreface out of equilibrium with forcing conditions are each partially responsible for the significant rates of sediment supplied to the beaches and dunes of the CRLC during the observational period. Direct observations of beach progradation at seasonal- to decadal-scale are put in context of measured or inferred changes over time scales of decades to centuries. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ruggiero, Peter; Cohn, Nicholas] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kaminsky, George M.] Washington State Dept Ecol, Coastal Monitoring & Anal Program, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Gelfenbaum, Guy] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Ruggiero, P (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM pruggier@coas.oregonstate.edu; gkam461@ecy.wa.gov; ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov OI Ruggiero, Peter/0000-0001-7425-9953 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Washington State Department of Ecology as part of the Southwest Washington Coastal Erosion Study; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA15OAR4310243] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Washington State Department of Ecology as part of the Southwest Washington Coastal Erosion Study. Thanks also to NANOOS (Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Portland District) for supporting additional observations reported on here. Ruggiero was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA award NA15OAR4310243) while writing this manuscript. NR 106 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 376 BP 51 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2016.03.012 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA DM0QI UT WOS:000376050500005 ER PT J AU Bansal, S Sheley, RL AF Bansal, Sheel Sheley, Roger L. TI Annual grass invasion in sagebrush steppe: the relative importance of climate, soil properties and biotic interactions SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; Cheatgrass; Climate change; Perennial grasses; Structural equation modeling ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS CARBON; BROMUS-TECTORUM INVASION; EXOTIC PLANT INVASIONS; NATIVE PERENNIAL GRASS; GREAT-BASIN; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SPECIES ABUNDANCE; NITROGEN; COMMUNITIES AB The invasion by winter-annual grasses (AGs) such as Bromus tectorum into sagebrush steppe throughout the western USA is a classic example of a biological invasion with multiple, interacting climate, soil and biotic factors driving the invasion, although few studies have examined all components together. Across a 6000-km(2) area of the northern Great Basin, we conducted a field assessment of 100 climate, soil, and biotic (functional group abundances, diversity) factors at each of 90 sites that spanned an invasion gradient ranging from 0 to 100 % AG cover. We first determined which biotic and abiotic factors had the strongest correlative relationships with AGs and each resident functional group. We then used regression and structural equation modeling to explore how multiple ecological factors interact to influence AG abundance. Among biotic interactions, we observed negative relationships between AGs and biodiversity, perennial grass cover, resident species richness, biological soil crust cover and shrub density, whereas perennial and annual forb cover, tree cover and soil microbial biomass had no direct linkage to AG. Among abiotic factors, AG cover was strongly related to climate (increasing cover with increasing temperature and aridity), but had weak relationships with soil factors. Our structural equation model showed negative effects of perennial grasses and biodiversity on AG cover while integrating the negative effects of warmer climate and positive influence of belowground processes on resident functional groups. Our findings illustrate the relative importance of biotic interactions and climate on invasive abundance, while soil properties appear to have stronger relationships with resident biota than with invasives. C1 [Bansal, Sheel; Sheley, Roger L.] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Bansal, Sheel] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Bansal, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA.; Bansal, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM sheelbansal9@gmail.com FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service FX We thank the many technicians who assisted us with field data collection and laboratory analyses, especially C. Park, C. Gearhart and B. Bingham. We are also indebted to numerous scientists that helped with the development of various protocols used in this study, with special thanks to Drs. W. Cheng for help with the SIR protocol, M. Reisner, K. Ford and B. Cade who provided statistical advice, and M. Jonsson and two anonymous reviewers for editing. This research was funded through the USDA-Agricultural Research Service Areawide Project for Ecologically-based Invasive Plant Management of Annual Grasses in the Great Basin Ecosystem. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 89 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 18 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUN PY 2016 VL 181 IS 2 BP 543 EP 557 DI 10.1007/s00442-016-3583-8 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM4DO UT WOS:000376296000020 PM 26920900 ER PT J AU Lewis, TL Heglund, PJ Lindberg, MS Schmutz, JA Schmidt, JH Dubour, AJ Rover, J Bertram, MR AF Lewis, Tyler L. Heglund, Patricia J. Lindberg, Mark S. Schmutz, Joel A. Schmidt, Joshua H. Dubour, Adam J. Rover, Jennifer Bertram, Mark R. TI Trophic dynamics of shrinking Subarctic lakes: naturally eutrophic waters impart resilience to rising nutrient and major ion concentrations SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Aquatic invertebrates; Eutrophication; Waterbirds; Resilience ID FRESH-WATER; INTERIOR ALASKA; SPECIES RICHNESS; SHALLOW LAKES; YUKON FLATS; ICE COVER; CLIMATE; RESPONSES; RIVER; FERTILIZATION AB Shrinking lakes were recently observed for several Arctic and Subarctic regions due to increased evaporation and permafrost degradation. Along with lake drawdown, these processes often boost aquatic chemical concentrations, potentially impacting trophic dynamics. In particular, elevated chemical levels may impact primary productivity, which may in turn influence populations of primary and secondary consumers. We examined trophic dynamics of 18 shrinking lakes of the Yukon Flats, Alaska, that had experienced pronounced increases in nutrient (> 200 % total nitrogen, > 100 % total phosphorus) and ion concentrations (> 100 % for four major ions combined) from 1985-1989 to 2010-2012, versus 37 stable lakes with relatively little chemical change over the same period. We found that phytoplankton stocks, as indexed by chlorophyll concentrations, remained unchanged in both shrinking and stable lakes from the 1980s to 2010s. Moving up the trophic ladder, we found significant changes in invertebrate abundance across decades, including decreased abundance of five of six groups examined. However, these decadal losses in invertebrate abundance were not limited to shrinking lakes, occurring in lakes with stable surface areas as well. At the top of the food web, we observed that probabilities of lake occupancy for ten waterbird species, including adults and chicks, remained unchanged from the period 1985-1989 to 2010-2012. Overall, our study lakes displayed a high degree of resilience to multi-trophic cascades caused by rising chemical concentrations. This resilience was likely due to their naturally high fertility, such that further nutrient inputs had little impact on waters already near peak production. C1 [Lewis, Tyler L.; Lindberg, Mark S.; Dubour, Adam J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lewis, Tyler L.; Lindberg, Mark S.; Dubour, Adam J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Heglund, Patricia J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Lewis, Tyler L.; Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Schmidt, Joshua H.] Natl Pk Serv, Cent Alaska Network, 4175 Geist Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Rover, Jennifer] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Bertram, Mark R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Flats Natl Wildlife Refuge, 101 12th Ave,Room 264, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Lewis, TL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Lewis, TL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Lewis, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM tlewis@usgs.gov OI Rover, Jennifer/0000-0002-3437-4030 FU US Geological Survey (Alaska Science Center); US Fish and Wildlife Service (Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge); US National Park Service FX Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey (Alaska Science Center), US Fish and Wildlife Service (Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge), and US National Park Service. I. Isler, A. Simnor, C. Michaud, J. Rose, L. Payne, C. Parrish, M. Pfander, L. Marks, and C. Mandeville provided field assistance. J. R. Jones and D. Obrecht analyzed water samples at the University of Missouri-Columbia. Use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUN PY 2016 VL 181 IS 2 BP 583 EP 596 DI 10.1007/s00442-016-3572-y PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM4DO UT WOS:000376296000023 PM 26857253 ER PT J AU Kovach, RP Muhlfeld, CC Al-Chokhachy, R Dunham, JB Letcher, BH Kershner, JL AF Kovach, Ryan P. Muhlfeld, Clint C. Al-Chokhachy, Robert Dunham, Jason B. Letcher, Benjamin H. Kershner, Jeffrey L. TI Impacts of climatic variation on trout: a global synthesis and path forward SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Climate change; Trout; Streamflow; Temperature; Ecology; Climatic variation ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; BROWN TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; BROOK TROUT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; WATER TEMPERATURE; LOCAL ADAPTATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS AB Despite increasing concern that climate change may negatively impact trout-a globally distributed group of fish with major economic, ecological, and cultural value-a synthetic assessment of empirical data quantifying relationships between climatic variation and trout ecology does not exist. We conducted a systematic review to describe how temporal variation in temperature and streamflow influences trout ecology in freshwater ecosystems. Few studies (n = 42) have quantified relationships between temperature or streamflow and trout demography, growth, or phenology, and nearly all estimates (96 %) were for Salvelinus fontinalis and Salmo trutta. Only seven studies used temporal data to quantify climate-driven changes in trout ecology. Results from these studies were beset with limitations that prohibited quantitatively rigorous meta-analysis, a concerning inadequacy given major investment in trout conservation and management worldwide. Nevertheless, consistent patterns emerged from our synthesis, particularly a positive effect of summer streamflow on trout demography and growth; 64 % of estimates were positive and significant across studies, age classes, species, and locations, highlighting that climate-induced changes in hydrology may have numerous consequences for trout. To a lesser degree, summer and fall temperatures were negatively related to population demography (51 and 53 % of estimates, respectively), but temperature was rarely related to growth. To address limitations and uncertainties, we recommend: (1) systematically improving data collection, description, and sharing; (2) appropriately integrating climate impacts with other intrinsic and extrinsic drivers over the entire lifecycle; (3) describing indirect consequences of climate change; and (4) acknowledging and describing intrinsic resiliency. C1 [Kovach, Ryan P.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Al-Chokhachy, Robert; Kershner, Jeffrey L.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Kovach, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM rkovach@usgs.gov FU USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Center; USGS Mendenhall Fellowship FX This work was funded by the USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Center. R.P.K. was supported by a USGS Mendenhall Fellowship. We thank Peter Westley, Javier Lobon-Cervia and three anonymous reviewers for comments and thoughts that substantially improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 133 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 18 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 2 BP 135 EP 151 DI 10.1007/s11160-015-9414-x PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DM3UW UT WOS:000376273200001 ER PT J AU Mack, GH Hook, S Giles, KA Cobban, WA AF Mack, Greg H. Hook, Stephen Giles, Katherine A. Cobban, William A. TI Sequence stratigraphy of the Mancos Shale, lower Tres Hermanos Formation, and coeval middle Cenomanian to middle Turonian strata, southern New Mexico, USA SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mancos Shale; New Mexico; USA; sequence stratigraphy; Upper Cretaceous; Western Interior Seaway ID WESTERN INTERIOR BASIN; FORELAND BASIN; UNITED-STATES; SEA-LEVEL; SANDSTONE; SUBSIDENCE; MODELS; UTAH; SEDIMENTATION; SUCCESSIONS AB Sequence stratigraphic analysis of four widely spaced outcrops of middle Cenomanian to middle Turonian strata deposited in the Western Interior foreland basin in southern New Mexico, USA, defines ten sequence boundaries in a marine shale-rich interval ca 200 m thick. The majority of sequence boundaries are based on basinward shifts in lithofacies characterized by either a non-Waltherian contact between distal-bar or lower shoreface sandstone and underlying lower offshore shale, or an erosional contact between distal-bar or lower shoreface sandstone and underlying upper offshore shale. The sequence boundaries commonly correlate basinward to packages of storm-deposited sandstone and to beds of sandy grainstone composed of winnowed inoceramid shell fragments. In several cases, however, the sequence boundaries pass basinward into presumably conformable successions of lower offshore shale. Maximum flooding surfaces within the sequences are represented by one or more beds of locally phosphatized globiginerid wackestone and packstone or exist within a conformable succession of lower offshore shale. Following initial south/south-westward transgression into the study area, the regional trend of palaeoeshorelines was north-west to south-east, although isopach data indicate that lobes of sandstone periodically spread south-eastward across the study area. The ten sequences in the study area are arranged into a third-order composite megasequence that is characterized by overall upward-deepening followed by upward-shallowing of sequences. The composite megasequence is similar but not identical to the previously established T-1 transgression and R-1 regression in New Mexico. Based on radioisotopic dates of bentonites, the average frequency of the sequences within the study area was ca 327 kyr, which is consistent with fourth-order cycles of ca 400 kyr interpreted in coeval marine strata elsewhere in the world. C1 [Mack, Greg H.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Hook, Stephen] Atarque Geol Consulting LLC, 411 Easton Ave, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Giles, Katherine A.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Cobban, William A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, NM USA. RP Giles, KA (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM kagiles@utep.edu NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0037-0746 EI 1365-3091 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD JUN PY 2016 VL 63 IS 4 BP 781 EP 808 DI 10.1111/sed.12238 PG 28 WC Geology SC Geology GA DL9BI UT WOS:000375935900001 ER PT J AU Stokdyk, JP Firnstahl, AD Spencer, SK Burch, TR Borchardt, MA AF Stokdyk, Joel P. Firnstahl, Aaron D. Spencer, Susan K. Burch, Tucker R. Borchardt, Mark A. TI Determining the 95% limit of detection for waterborne pathogen analyses from primary concentration to qPCR SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Limit of detection; Quantitative PCR; Environmental pathogen detection ID REAL-TIME PCR; MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; QUANTITATIVE PCR; SEWAGE CONTAMINATION; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; FECAL POLLUTION; GENETIC-MARKER; FRESH-WATER; SAMPLES; ASSAYS AB The limit of detection (LOD) for qPCR-based analyses is not consistently defined or determined in studies on waterborne pathogens. Moreover, the LODs reported often reflect the qPCR assay alone rather than the entire sample process. Our objective was to develop an approach to determine the 95% LOD (lowest concentration at which 95% of positive samples are detected) for the entire process of waterborne pathogen detection. We began by spiking the lowest concentration that was consistently positive at the qPCR step (based on its standard curve) into each procedural step working backwards (i.e., extraction, secondary concentration, primary concentration), which established a concentration that was detectable following losses of the pathogen from processing. Using the fraction of positive replicates (n = 10) at this concentration, we selected and analyzed a second, and then third, concentration. If the fraction of positive replicates equaled 1 or 0 for two concentrations, we selected another. We calculated the LOD using probit analysis. To demonstrate our approach we determined the 95% LOD for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, adenovirus 41, and vaccine-derived poliovirus Sabin 3, which were 11, 12, and 6 genomic copies (gc) per reaction (rxn), respectively (equivalent to 13, 1.5, and 4.0 gc L-1 assuming the 1500 L tap-water sample volume prescribed in EPA Method 1615). This approach limited the number of analyses required and was amenable to testing multiple genetic targets simultaneously (i.e., spiking a single sample with multiple microorganisms). An LOD determined this way can facilitate study design, guide the number of required technical replicates, aid method evaluation, and inform data interpretation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stokdyk, Joel P.; Firnstahl, Aaron D.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI USA. [Spencer, Susan K.; Burch, Tucker R.; Borchardt, Mark A.] ARS, Environmentally Integrated Dairy Management Res U, USDA, Marshfield, WI USA. [Stokdyk, Joel P.; Firnstahl, Aaron D.; Spencer, Susan K.; Burch, Tucker R.; Borchardt, Mark A.] Lab Infect Dis & Environm, Marshfield, WI USA. RP Borchardt, MA (reprint author), 2615 Yellowstone Dr Agr Res Serv, USDA, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM mark.borchardt@ars.usda.gov OI Stokdyk, Joel/0000-0003-2887-6277 NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 96 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.026 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DM2XP UT WOS:000376211700011 PM 27023926 ER PT J AU Rosenberger, KJ Storlazzi, CD Cheriton, OM AF Rosenberger, Kurt J. Storlazzi, Curt D. Cheriton, Olivia M. TI Variability of the internal tide on the southern Monterey Bay continental shelf and associated bottom boundary layer sediment transport SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Internal tide variability; Monterey Bay; Upwelling; Relaxation; Suspended sediment transport ID SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER; NATIONAL-MARINE-SANCTUARY; PALOS-VERDES SHELF; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SUBMARINE-CANYON; RELAXATION EVENTS; COASTAL OCEAN; INNER-SHELF; LONG-TERM; WAVES AB A 6-month deployment of instrumentation from April to October 2012 in 90 m water depth near the outer edge of the mid-shelf mud belt in southern Monterey Bay, California, reveals the importance regional upwelling on water column density structure, potentially accounting for the majority of the variability in internal tidal energy flux across the shelf. Observations consisted of time-series measurements of water-column currents, temperature and salinity, and near-bed currents and suspended matter. The internal tide accounted for 15-25% of the water-column current variance and the barotropic tide accounted for up to 35%. The subtidal flow showed remarkably little shear and was dominated by the 714 day band, which is associated with relaxations in the dominant equatorward winds typical of coastal California in the spring and summer. Upwelling and relaxation events resulted in strong near-bed flows and accounted for almost half of the current stress on the seafloor (not accounting for wave orbital velocities), and may have driven along-shelf geostrophic flow during steady state conditions. Several elevated suspended particulate matter (SPM) events occurred within 3 m of the bed and were generally associated with higher, long-period surface waves. However, these peaks in SPM did not coincide with the predicted resuspension events from the modeled combined wave-current shear stress, indicating that the observed SPM at our site was most likely resuspended elsewhere and advected along-isobath. Sediment flux was almost equal in magnitude in the alongshore and cross-shore directions. Instances of wave-current shear stress that exceeded the threshold of resuspension for the silty-clays common at these water depths only occurred when near-bed orbital velocities due to long-period surface waves coincided with vigorous near-bed currents associated with the internal tide or upwelling/relaxation events. Thus upwelling/relaxation dynamics are primarily responsible for variability in the internal tide, as well as transport of near-bottom sediment in the mid-self mud belt during the relatively quiescent summer months. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rosenberger, Kurt J.; Storlazzi, Curt D.; Cheriton, Olivia M.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Rosenberger, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM krosenberger@usgs.gov OI Cheriton, Olivia/0000-0003-3011-9136 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program; National Science Foundation [OCE0961810] FX This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program. We thank C. Hunter, T. Elfers, P. Dal Ferro, J. White, and J. Ferreira for their role in the deployment and recovery of the tripod and mooring. We thank Chris Sherwood for his expert advice on the application of the sediment transport model. B. Edwards and J. Reid supplied the mud belt sediment distribution data and N. Golden assisted with the mapping of this data. We thank the captain and crews of the R/V Pt Sur who assisted with field operations (vessel time was funded by the National Science Foundation grant OCE0961810 to McPhee-Shaw, Bellingham, Shaw, and Stanton). We thank Thomas' Connolly for his timely review and useful comments on a draft of the manuscript. Use of trademark names does not imply U.S. government endorsement of products. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 120 BP 68 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2016.03.016 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DL4TS UT WOS:000375630700006 ER PT J AU Jackson, A Davila, AF Bohlke, JK Sturchio, NC Sevanthi, R Estrada, N Brundrett, M Lacelle, D McKay, CP Poghosyan, A Pollard, W Zacny, K AF Jackson, Andrew Davila, Alfonso F. Bohlke, John Karl Sturchio, Neil C. Sevanthi, Ritesh Estrada, Nubia Brundrett, Maeghan Lacelle, Denis McKay, Christopher P. Poghosyan, Armen Pollard, Wayne Zacny, Kris TI Deposition, accumulation, and alteration of Cl-, NO3-, ClO4- and ClO3- salts in a hyper-arid polar environment: Mass balance and isotopic constraints SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; SOUTHERN-VICTORIA-LAND; MIOCENE GLACIER ICE; TAYLOR VALLEY; ATMOSPHERIC NITRATE; UNIVERSITY VALLEY; EAST ANTARCTICA; BEACON-VALLEY; FRESH-WATER; GROUND ICE AB The salt fraction in permafrost soils/sediments of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) of Antarctica can be used as a proxy for cold desert geochemical processes and paleoclimate reconstruction. Previous analyses of the salt fraction in MDV permafrost soils have largely been conducted in coastal regions where permafrost soils are variably affected by aqueous processes and mixed inputs from marine and stratospheric sources. We expand upon this work by evaluating permafrost soil/sediments in University Valley, located in the ultraxerous zone where both liquid water transport and marine influences are minimal. We determined the abundances of Cl-, NO3-, ClO4- and ClO3- in dry and ice-cemented soil/sediments, snow and glacier ice, and also characterized Cl- and NO3- isotopically. The data are not consistent with salt deposition in a sublimation till, nor with nuclear weapon testing fall-out, and instead point to a dominantly stratospheric source and to varying degrees of post depositional transformation depending on the substrate, from minimal alteration in bare soils to significant alteration (photodegradation and/or volatilization) in snow and glacier ice. Ionic abundances in the dry permafrost layer indicate limited vertical transport under the current climate conditions, likely due to percolation of snowmelt. Subtle changes in ClO4-/NO3- ratios and NO3- isotopic composition with depth and location may reflect both transport related fractionation and depositional history. Low molar ratios of ClO3-/ClO4- in surface soils compared to deposition and other arid systems suggest significant post depositional loss of ClO3-, possibly due to reduction by iron minerals, which may have important implications for oxy-chlorine species on Mars. Salt accumulation varies with distance along the valley and apparent accumulation times based on multiple methods range from similar to 10 to 30 kyr near the glacier to 70-200 kyr near the valley mouth. The relatively young age of the salts and relatively low and homogeneous anion concentrations in the ice-cemented sediments point to either a mechanism of recent salt removal, or to relatively modern permafrost soils (<1 million years). Together, our results show that near surface salts in University Valley serve as an end-member of stratospheric sources not subject to biological processes or extensive remobilization. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jackson, Andrew; Sevanthi, Ritesh; Estrada, Nubia; Brundrett, Maeghan] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Davila, Alfonso F.] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Bohlke, John Karl] US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Sturchio, Neil C.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Lacelle, Denis] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [McKay, Christopher P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Poghosyan, Armen] Skolkovo Inst Sci & Technol, Moscow, Russia. [Pollard, Wayne] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Zacny, Kris] Honeybee Robot, 398 W Washington Blvd,Suite 200, Pasadena 91103, CA, Russia. RP Jackson, A (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. OI Lacelle, Denis/0000-0002-6691-8717 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) of the U.S. Department of Defense [ER-1435]; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Research Program; Groundwater Resources Program; National Water Quality Assessment Program FX This work was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP Project ER-1435) of the U.S. Department of Defense; the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, National Research Program, Groundwater Resources Program, and National Water Quality Assessment Program; Antarctic fieldwork was supported by the NASA ASTEP program, in collaboration with the Antarctic Program within the NSF Office of Polar Programs. Hillary Dugan and Kyle Cronin (UIC) collected the Taylor Valley aerosol samples. Janet Hannon (USGS) performed the nitrate isotope analyses. Baohua Gu (ORNL), Linnea Heraty (UIC), and Stanley Mroczkowski (USGS) assisted with preparation and analysis of the perchlorate isotope sample. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Mark Claire, Balaji Rao, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 182 BP 197 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2016.03.012 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DJ8ZQ UT WOS:000374503900012 ER PT J AU Campbell, CA Prestegaard, KL AF Campbell, Cara A. Prestegaard, Karen L. TI Physical and chemical constraints limit the habitat window for an endangered mussel SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Dwarf wedgemussel; Mussel habitat; Water chemistry; Streambed mobility; Carbonate equilibria; Geomorphology ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; WEDGEMUSSEL ALASMIDONTA HETERODON; JUVENILE BIVALVES; SATURATION STATE; MICROHABITAT USE; UNIONID MUSSELS; BED STREAMS; LIDAR DATA; RIVER; FLOW AB Development of effective conservation and restoration strategies for freshwater pearly mussels requires identification of environmental constraints on the distributions of individual mussel species. We examined whether the spatial distribution of the endangered Alasmidonta heterodon in Flat Brook, a tributary of the upper Delaware River, was constrained by water chemistry (i.e., calcium availability), bed mobility, or both. Alasmidonta heterodon populations were bracketed between upstream reaches that were under-saturated with respect to aragonite and downstream reaches that were saturated for aragonite during summer baseflow but had steep channels with high bed mobility. Variability in bed mobility and water chemistry along the length of Flat Brook create a "habitat window" for A. heterodon defined by bed stability (mobility index <= 1) and aragonite saturation (saturation index >= 1). We suggest the species may exist in a narrow biogeochemical window that is seasonally near saturation. Alasmidonta heterodon populations may be susceptible to climate change or anthropogenic disturbances that increase discharge, decrease groundwater inflow or chemistry, and thus affect either bed mobility or aragonite saturation. Identifying the biogeochemical microhabitats and requirements of individual mussel species and incorporating this knowledge into management decisions should enhance the conservation and restoration of endangered mussel species. C1 [Campbell, Cara A.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Prestegaard, Karen L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Campbell, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM ccampbell@usgs.gov OI Campbell, Cara/0000-0002-0018-0991 NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUN PY 2016 VL 772 IS 1 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1007/s10750-016-2642-9 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DK1QR UT WOS:000374689000006 ER PT J AU Reeves, AB Poulson, RL Muzyka, D Ogawa, H Imai, K Bui, VN Hall, JS Pantin-Jackwood, M Stallknecht, DE Ramey, AM AF Reeves, Andrew B. Poulson, Rebecca L. Muzyka, Denys Ogawa, Haruko Imai, Kunitoshi Vuong Nghia Bui Hall, Jeffrey S. Pantin-Jackwood, Mary Stallknecht, David E. Ramey, Andrew M. TI Limited evidence of intercontinental dispersal of avian paramyxovirus serotype 4 by migratory birds SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Avian paramyxovirus serotype 4; Dispersal, intercontinental; Migratory bird ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; PROTEIN CLEAVAGE SITE; INFLUENZA-A VIRUSES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; FUSION PROTEIN; WILD BIRDS; VIRULENCE; EXCHANGE; IDENTIFICATION; HEMATOZOA AB Avian paramyxovirus serotype 4 (APMV-4) is a single stranded RNA virus that has most often been isolated from waterfowl. Limited information has been reported regarding the prevalence, pathogenicity, and genetic diversity of AMPV-4. To assess the intercontinental dispersal of this viral agent, we sequenced the fusion gene of 58 APMV-4 isolates collected in the United States, Japan and the Ukraine and compared them to all available sequences on GenBank. With only a single exception the phylogenetic clades of APMV-4 sequences were monophyletic with respect to their continents of origin (North America, Asia and Europe). Thus, we detected limited evidence for recent intercontinental dispersal of APMV-4 in this study. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Reeves, Andrew B.; Ramey, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Poulson, Rebecca L.; Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, 589 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Muzyka, Denys] Natl Sci Ctr Inst Expt & Clin Vet Med, Pushkinska St 83, UA-61023 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Ogawa, Haruko; Imai, Kunitoshi; Vuong Nghia Bui] Obihiro Univ Agr & Vet Med, Diagnost Ctr Anim Hlth & Food Safety, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 0808555, Japan. [Hall, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Pantin-Jackwood, Mary] Agr Res Serv, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, US Natl Poultry Res Ctr, US Dept Agr, Athens, GA 30677 USA. RP Reeves, AB; Ramey, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM areeves@usgs.gov; aramey@usgs.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400 FU U.S. Department of State Biosecurity Engagement Program [P-444, P-444a, P-444b]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health [HHSN272201400006C]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan [19659115]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) through the Ecosystems Mission Area FX None of the authors have any financial interests or conflict of interest with this article. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The collection and isolation of Ukraine samples was performed as part of U.S. Department of State Biosecurity Engagement Program projects P-444, P-444a, and P-444b, USDA/ARS CRIS 6612-31200-062-06R through the Science and Technology Center of Ukraine. This work was also partially funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, under contract HHSN272201400006C, by Grant-in-Aid for Exploratory Research (19659115) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan, and through the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) through the Ecosystems Mission Area. The funding agencies were not involved in the design, implementation, or publishing of this study and the research presented herein represents the opinions of the authors, but not necessarily the opinions of the funding agencies. This report was reviewed and approved by USGS under the Fundamental Science Practices policy (http://www.usgs.gov/fsp/). This manuscript was improved by comments from J. Pearce, D. Menning, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 40 BP 104 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.02.031 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA DK2TT UT WOS:000374768000014 PM 26925702 ER PT J AU Ramey, AM Reeves, AB TeSlaa, JL Nashold, S Donnelly, T Bahl, J Hall, JS AF Ramey, Andrew M. Reeves, Andrew B. TeSlaa, Joshua L. Nashold, Sean Donnelly, Tyrone Bahl, Justin Hall, Jeffrey S. TI Evidence for common ancestry among viruses isolated from wild birds in Beringia and highly pathogenic intercontinental reassortant H5N1 and H5N2 influenza A viruses SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Beringia; H5N1; H5N2; Influenza; Reassortment ID PINTAILS ANAS-ACUTA; NORTHERN PINTAILS; SPRING MIGRATION; WATERFOWL; ALASKA; AMERICA; ROUTES; KOREA; TIME; ASIA AB Highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8, H5N2, and H5N1 influenza A viruses were first detected in wild, captive, and domestic birds in North America in November-December 2014. In this study, we used wild waterbird samples collected in Alaska prior to the initial detection of clade 2.3.4.4 H5 influenza A viruses in North America to assess the evidence for: (1) dispersal of highly pathogenic influenza A viruses from East Asia to North America by migratory birds via Alaska and (2) ancestral origins of clade 2.3.4.4 H5 reassortant viruses in Beringia. Although we did not detect highly pathogenic influenza A viruses in our sample collection from western Alaska, we did identify viruses that contained gene segments sharing recent common ancestry with intercontinental reassortant H5N2 and H5N1 viruses. Results of phylogenetic analyses and estimates for times of most recent common ancestry support migratory birds sampled in Beringia as maintaining viral diversity closely related to novel highly pathogenic influenza A virus genotypes detected in North America. Although our results do not elucidate the route by hich highly pathogenic influenza A viruses were introduced into North America, genetic evidence is consistent with the hypothesized trans-Beringian route of introduction via migratory birds. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ramey, Andrew M.; Reeves, Andrew B.; Donnelly, Tyrone] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [TeSlaa, Joshua L.; Nashold, Sean; Hall, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Bahl, Justin] Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth, 1200 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ramey, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM aramey@usgs.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; TeSlaa, Joshua/0000-0001-7802-3454; Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400; Nashold, Sean/0000-0002-8869-6633 FU U.S. Geological Survey through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area. We appreciate support provided by current and former U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service staff at Izembek National Wildlife Refuge including Doug Damberg, Leticia Melendez, and Stacey Lowe. We are grateful to Srinand Sreevatsan (University of Minnesota; UMN) and Kamol Suwannakarn (UMN) for their assistance in developing a next generation sequencing data analysis pipeline. We thank Sarah Sonsthagen (U.S. Geological Survey; USGS) for providing advice regarding laboratory procedures and data processing and Mary Whalen (USGS) for assistance with Fig. 1. We appreciate critical reviews provided by John Pearce (USGS), Walter Boyce (University of California Davis), and anonymous journal reviewers. None of the authors have any financial interests or conflict of interest with this article. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 40 BP 176 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.02.035 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA DK2TT UT WOS:000374768000025 PM 26944444 ER PT J AU Densmore, CL Iwanowicz, LR Henderson, AP Iwanowicz, DD Odenkirk, JS AF Densmore, C. L. Iwanowicz, L. R. Henderson, A. P. Iwanowicz, D. D. Odenkirk, J. S. TI Mycobacterial infection in Northern snakehead (Channa argus) from the Potomac River catchment SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Channa argus; Mycobacteriosis; Mycobacterium; Northern snakehead; Potomac ID BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; STRIPED BASS; IDENTIFICATION; PSEUDOSHOTTSII; ALIGNMENT; STRIATUS; SHOTTSII; SYSTEM; FOWLER C1 [Densmore, C. L.; Iwanowicz, L. R.; Henderson, A. P.; Iwanowicz, D. D.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Odenkirk, J. S.] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Fredericksburg, VA USA. RP Densmore, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM cdensmore@usgs.gov OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 EI 1365-2761 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 6 BP 771 EP 775 DI 10.1111/jfd.12412 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA DL6XO UT WOS:000375783600014 PM 26471857 ER PT J AU Toomey, MR Ashton, AD Raymo, ME Perron, JT AF Toomey, Michael R. Ashton, Andrew D. Raymo, Maureen E. Perron, J. Taylor TI Late Cenozoic sea level and the rise of modern rimmed atolls SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reef; Coral; Dissolution; Late Miocene; Oxygen isotope stack ID STRONTIUM-ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY; MESSINIAN SALINITY CRISIS; ENEWETAK-ATOLL; PACIFIC-OCEAN; LATE MIOCENE; TUAMOTU ARCHIPELAGO; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; ARCTIC-OCEAN; REEF GROWTH; CORAL-REEFS AB Sea-level records from atolls, potentially spanning the Cenozoic, have been largely overlooked, in part because the processes that control atoll form (reef accretion, carbonate dissolution, sediment transport, vertical motion) are complex and, for many islands, unconstrained on million-year timescales. Here we combine existing observations of atoll morphology and corelog stratigraphy from Enewetak Atoll with a numerical model to (1) constrain the relative rates of subsidence, dissolution and sedimentation that have shaped modern Pacific atolls and (2) construct a record of sea level over the past 8.5 million years. Both the stratigraphy from Enewetak Atoll (constrained by a subsidence rate of similar to 20 m/Myr) and our numerical modeling results suggest that low sea levels (50-125 m below present), and presumably bi-polar glaciations, occurred throughout much of the late Miocene, preceding the warmer climate of the Pliocene, when sea level was higher than present. Carbonate dissolution through the subsequent sea-level fall that accompanied the onset of large glacial cycles in the late Pliocene, along with rapid highstand constructional reef growth, likely drove development of the rimmed atoll morphology we see today. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Toomey, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Mail Stop 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Toomey, Michael R.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ashton, Andrew D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Mail Stop 22,360 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Raymo, Maureen E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Perron, J. Taylor] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Toomey, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Mail Stop 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mtoomey@usgs.gov RI wang, baylor09/C-5190-2009 FU Jackson School Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship FX Support for this work was provided through a Jackson School Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship to Michael Toomey. We appreciated the helpful feedback on an earlier version of this manuscript from Tom Cronin and Bruce Wardlaw as well as thoughtful reviews by Sam Purkis and an anonymous reviewer. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 451 BP 73 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.03.018 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA DL3EU UT WOS:000375517800007 ER PT J AU Bedrosian, PA AF Bedrosian, Paul A. TI Making it and breaking it in the Midwest: Continental assembly and rifting from modeling of EarthScope magnetotelluric data SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Midcontinent rift; Magnetotellurics; Paleoproterozoic; Precambrian; Lithosphere; Suture zone ID LAKE-SUPERIOR REGION; AMERICAN MIDCONTINENT RIFT; CENTRAL NORTH-AMERICA; EASTERN NEW-MEXICO; SEISMIC-REFLECTION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; PENOKEAN OROGEN; UNITED-STATES; CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL AB A three-dimensional lithospheric-scale resistivity model of the North American mid-continent has been estimated based upon EarthScope magnetotelluric data. Details of the resistivity model are discussed in relation to lithospheric sutures, defined primarily from aeromagnetic and geochronologic data, which record the southward growth of the Laurentian margin in the Proterozoic. The resistivity signature of the 1.1 Ga Mid-continent Rift System is examined in detail, in particular as relates to rift geometry, extent, and segmentation. An unrecognized expanse of (concealed) Proterozoic deltaic deposits in Kansas is identified and speculated to result from axial drainage along the southwest rift arm akin to the Rio Grande delta which drains multiple rift basins. A prominent conductor traces out Cambrian rifting in Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kentucky; this linear conductor has not been imaged before and suggests that the Cambrian rift system may have been more extensive than previously thought. The highest conductivity within the mid-continent is imaged in Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin where it is coincident with Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks. The high conductivity is attributed to metallic sulfides, and in some cases, graphite. The former is a potential source of sulfur for multiple mineral deposits types, occurrences of which are found throughout the region. Finally, the imprint left within the mantle following the 1.1 Ga rifting event is examined. Variations in lithospheric mantle conductivity are observed and are interpreted to reflect variations in water content (depleted versus metasomatized mantle) imprinted upon the mantle by the Keweenawan mantle plume. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.orgilicenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Bedrosian, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bedrosian, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 120 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 EI 1872-7433 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 278 BP 337 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.precamres.2016.03.009 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DL7HO UT WOS:000375812000019 ER PT J AU Twibell, RG Ostrand, S Gannam, AL Poole, JB Holmes, JAS AF Twibell, R. G. Ostrand, S. Gannam, A. L. Poole, J. B. Holmes, J. A. S. TI Evaluation of lipid sources in diets fed to bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE alternative lipid; bull trout; fatty acid; proximate composition; salmonid; vegetable oil ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH-OIL; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CANOLA OIL; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; VEGETABLE-OILS; RAPESEED OIL AB To aid in development of nutritionally complete diets, a 12-week experiment was conducted to identify appropriate sources of dietary lipid for bull trout. The basal diet was top-coated with marine fish oil (MFO) (pollock liver oil), canola oil (CO), linseed oil (LO) or a mixture of canola and linseed oils (CLO) to produce four treatments. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish initially averaging 1.6 g per fish. Weight gain, feed efficiency, survival and carcass proximate composition were not significantly different among fish fed the dietary treatments. However, whole-body fatty acid percentages varied significantly among fish fed the four diets. Whole bodies of fish fed diets with vegetable oil (VO) contained significantly higher 18:2n-6, 18:3n3 and total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid percentages and significantly lower 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3 and total saturated fatty acid percentages compared with fish fed the MFO diet. Whole-body fatty acid percentages also varied among fish fed VO diets. Despite similar 18:2n-6 and 20:4n-6 percentages in the VO diets, fish fed diet CO contained significantly lower 18:2n-6 proportions and significantly higher 20:4n-6 proportions compared with fish fed other VO diets. Results of this study suggest dietary fish oil is not required for short-term rearing of bull trout. C1 [Twibell, R. G.; Ostrand, S.; Gannam, A. L.; Poole, J. B.; Holmes, J. A. S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Twibell, RG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM ronald_twibell@fws.gov NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1353-5773 EI 1365-2095 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 22 IS 3 BP 675 EP 682 DI 10.1111/anu.12288 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DK2XP UT WOS:000374778000018 ER PT J AU Bangs, NL McIntosh, KD Silver, EA Kluesner, JW Ranero, CR AF Bangs, Nathan L. McIntosh, Kirk D. Silver, Eli A. Kluesner, Jared W. Ranero, Cesar R. TI A recent phase of accretion along the southern Costa Rican subduction zone SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE subduction accretion; tectonic erosion; Costa Rican subduction zone; 3D seismic imaging; accretionary wedge deformation ID AMERICA CONVERGENT MARGIN; PLATE TECTONIC HISTORY; FORE-ARC; PACIFIC MARGIN; FLUID-FLOW; EROSION; JAPAN; MECHANISMS; SUBSIDENCE; MIOCENE AB In 2011 we acquired a 3D seismic reflection volume across the Costa Rica margin NW of the Osa Peninsula to investigate the complex structure and the development of the seismogenic zone within the Costa Rican subduction zone in the vicinity of recent International Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) drilling. In contrast to previous interpretations, these newly acquired seismic images show that the margin wedge is composed of a layered fabric that is consistent with clastic sediments, similar to materials recovered from IODP drilling, that have been thrust and thickened into thrust-bounded folded sequences. These structures are consistent with a balanced sequence that has been frontally accreted in the context of an accretionary model. We interpret these sequences as sediment originally deposited on the subducting crust in a trench basin created by the southward migration of the Cocos-Nazca-Caribbean triple junction, and accreted during recent margin subduction that also accelerated with passage of the triple junction. The margin is composed of relatively rapidly accreted sediment that was added to the margin during a phase of accretion within the last similar to 5 Ma that was probably preceded throughout the Neogene by periods of non-accretion or erosion. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bangs, Nathan L.; McIntosh, Kirk D.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, PRC 196,10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Silver, Eli A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Kluesner, Jared W.] US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ranero, Cesar R.] CSIC, Barcelona Ctr Subsurface Imaging, ICREA, ICM, Barcelona, Spain. RP Bangs, NL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, PRC 196,10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM nathan@ig.utexas.edu; u OI Bangs, Nathan/0000-0002-4377-3463 FU National Science Foundation [1435386, 0851380] FX We thank Don Fisher for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We appreciate EPSL reviewers Kristin Morell and Lisa McNeill for providing constructive and thorough reviews that helped the manuscript greatly. We thank Paradigm Geophysical for Geodepth and Echos software packages used for data processing and interpretation. We thank Repsol in the Woodlands, TX for assistance with data processing and generous contributions of computer resources for 3D prestack depth migration. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant numbers 1435386 and 0851380. This is UTIG contribution #2951. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 443 BP 204 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.03.008 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DL3BI UT WOS:000375508800020 ER PT J AU Haro, A Watten, B Noreika, J AF Haro, Alex Watten, Barnaby Noreika, John TI Passage of downstream migrant American eels through an airlift-assisted deep bypass SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Eel; Anguilla; Downstream passage; Downstream bypass; Airlift ID ANGUILLA-ANGUILLA; AQUACULTURE; AERATION; PUMPS AB Traditional downstream guidance and bypass facilities for anadromous fishes (i.e., surface bypasses, surface guidance structures, and behavioral barriers) have frequently been ineffective for anguillid eels. Because eels typically spend the majority of their time near the bottom in the vicinity of intake structures, deep bypass structures with entrances near the bottom hold promise for increased effectiveness, thereby aiding in the recovery of this important species. A new design of a deep bypass system that uses airlift technology (the Conte Airlift Bypass) to induce flow in a bypass pipe was tested in a simulated intake entrance environment under controlled laboratory conditions. Water velocities of 0.9-1.5 m s(-1) could be generated at the bypass entrance (opening with 0.073 m(2) area), with corresponding flows through the bypass pipe of 0.07-0.11 m(3) s(-1). Gas saturation and hydrostatic pressure within the bypass pipe did not vary appreciably from a control (no air) condition under tested airflows. Migratory silver-phase American eels (Anguilla rostrata) tested during dark conditions readily located, entered, and passed through the bypass; initial avoidance rates (eels approaching but not entering the bypass entrance) were lower at higher entrance velocities. Eels that investigated the bypass pipe entrance tended to enter headfirst, but those that then exited the pipe upstream did so more frequently at lower entrance velocities. Eels appeared to swim against the flow while being transported downstream through the pipe; median transit times through the bypass for each test velocity ranged from 5.8 to 12.2 s, with transit time decreasing with increasing entrance velocity. Eels did not show strong avoidance of the vertical section of the pipe which contained injected air. No mortality or injury of bypassed eels was observed, and individual eels repeatedly passed through the bypass at rates of up to 40 passes per hour, suggesting that individuals do not avoid repeated entrainment through the bypass. Airlift technology appears to be a viable method for increasing passage effectiveness for American eels through a deep bypass system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Haro, Alex; Watten, Barnaby; Noreika, John] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Ecosyst Mission Area, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Haro, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Ecosyst Mission Area, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM aharo@usgs.gov; bwatten@usgs.gov; jnoreika@usgs.gov OI Haro, Alexander/0000-0002-7188-9172 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 91 BP 545 EP 552 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.02.028 PG 8 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA DK2TE UT WOS:000374766500064 ER PT J AU Mckay, SK Freeman, MC Covich, AP AF McKay, S. Kyle Freeman, Mary C. Covich, Alan P. TI Application of Effective Discharge Analysis to Environmental Flow Decision-Making SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Flow regime; Functional-equivalent discharge; Hierarchical linear models; Water management; Trait-based models ID FRESH-WATER; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; RIVER SYSTEMS; STREAMS; REGIMES; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS AB Well-informed river management decisions rely on an explicit statement of objectives, repeatable analyses, and a transparent system for assessing trade-offs. These components may then be applied to compare alternative operational regimes for water resource infrastructure (e.g., diversions, locks, and dams). Intra- and inter-annual hydrologic variability further complicates these already complex environmental flow decisions. Effective discharge analysis (developed in studies of geomorphology) is a powerful tool for integrating temporal variability of flow magnitude and associated ecological consequences. Here, we adapt the effectiveness framework to include multiple elements of the natural flow regime (i.e., timing, duration, and rate-of-change) as well as two flow variables. We demonstrate this analytical approach using a case study of environmental flow management based on long-term (60 years) daily discharge records in the Middle Oconee River near Athens, GA, USA. Specifically, we apply an existing model for estimating young-of-year fish recruitment based on flow-dependent metrics to an effective discharge analysis that incorporates hydrologic variability and multiple focal taxa. We then compare three alternative methods of environmental flow provision. Percentage-based withdrawal schemes outcompete other environmental flow methods across all levels of water withdrawal and ecological outcomes. C1 [McKay, S. Kyle] US Army, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Athens, GA USA. [Freeman, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. [Covich, Alan P.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mckay, SK (reprint author), US Army, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Athens, GA USA. EM kyle.mckay@usace.army.mil FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers funded this research through the Ecosystem Management and Restoration Research Program (http://www.el.erdc.usace.army.mil/emrrp/) and the long-term training program. The opinions reflected here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the agency. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Rhett Jackson, John Schramski, and three anonymous referees reviewed a prior version of this document, and their constructive feedback is appreciated. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1153 EP 1165 DI 10.1007/s00267-016-0684-4 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK3QG UT WOS:000374831700002 PM 26961419 ER PT J AU Lewis, JC Jenkins, KJ Happe, PJ Manson, DJ McCalmon, M AF Lewis, Jeffrey C. Jenkins, Kurt J. Happe, Patricia J. Manson, David J. McCalmon, Marc TI Landscape-scale habitat selection by fishers translocated to the Olympic Peninsula of Washington SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Fisher; Pekania pennanti; Habitat selection; Habitat suitability; Translocation; Forest management; Washington ID CENTRAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MARTES-PENNANTI; HOME RANGES; CONSPECIFIC ATTRACTION; FOREST COMPOSITION; CALIFORNIA; OREGON; AVAILABILITY; CONSERVATION; EXPERIENCE AB The fisher was extirpated from much of the Pacific Northwestern United States during the mid- to late-1900s and is now proposed for federal listing as a threatened species in all or part of its west coast range. Following the translocation of 90 fishers from central British Columbia, Canada, to the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State from 2008 to 2010, we investigated the landscape-scale habitat selection of reintroduced fishers across a broad range of forest ages and disturbance histories, providing the first information on habitat relationships of newly reintroduced fishers in coastal coniferous forests in the Pacific Northwest. We developed 17 a priori models to evaluate several habitat-selection hypotheses based on premises of habitat models used to forecast habitat suitability for the reintroduced population. Further, we hypothesized that female fishers, because of their smaller body size than males, greater vulnerability to predation, and specific reproductive requirements, would be more selective than males for mid- to late-seral forest communities, where complex forest structural elements provide secure foraging, resting, and denning sites. We assessed 11 forest structure and landscape characteristics within the home range core-areas used by 19 females and 12 males and within randomly placed pseudo core areas that represented available habitats. We used case-controlled logistic regression to compare the characteristics of used and pseudo core areas and to assess selection by male and female fishers. Females were more selective of core area placement than males. Fifteen of 19 females (79%) and 5 of 12 males (42%) selected core areas within federal lands that encompassed primarily forests with an overstory of mid-sized or large trees. Male fishers exhibited only weak selection for core areas dominated by forests with an over story of small trees, primarily on land managed for timber production or at high elevations. The amount of natural open area best distinguished the use of core areas between males and females, with females using substantially less natural open area than males. Although sex-specific selection has been suspected for fishers, we identified factors that distinguish the selection of core areas by females from those of males, information which will be valuable to managers planning reintroductions or providing suitable habitat to promote fisher recovery in the Pacific Northwest. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lewis, Jeffrey C.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lewis, Jeffrey C.; McCalmon, Marc] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Jenkins, Kurt J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 600 E Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Happe, Patricia J.; Manson, David J.] Olymp Natl Pk,600 E Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. RP Lewis, JC (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM Jeffrey.Lewis@dfw.wa.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Park Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Doris Duke Foundation; Wildlife Conservation Society; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Washington's National Park Fund; Conservation Northwest; U.S. Forest Service FX This research was supported by funding and in-kind contributions provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Doris Duke Foundation and the Wildlife Conservation Society, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington's National Park Fund, Conservation Northwest, and the U.S. Forest Service. Logistical support and access were provided by the Makah Indian Tribe, Quinault Indian Nation, Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Washington Department of Natural Resources, Rayonier Timber Company, and U.S. Forest Service. We thank pilots R. Mowbray, J. Well, C. Cousins, and M. Kimbrel for safely piloting hundreds of telemetry flights. We thank R. McCoy and the wildlife staff of the Makah Tribal Forestry Department for their assistance in tracking male M011, which resided in and around the Makah Reservation. J. Sauder and R. Weir shared their insights on habitat selection and analyses. K Beirne provided helpful assistance with home range estimation and I. Keren provided helpful assistance in addressing statistical questions. We thank H. Allen (WDFW, retired) for her valuable insights and guidance throughout the planning, implementation and monitoring phases of the translocation effort. Lastly, we are greateful to K Aubry, R. McCaffery, C. Raley, S. West, and 3 anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on previous drafts of the manuscript. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 369 BP 170 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.02.032 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DK8ID UT WOS:000375169500018 ER PT J AU Frisch, JR Peterson, JT Cecala, KK Maerz, JC Jackson, CR Gragson, TL Pringle, CM AF Frisch, John R. Peterson, James T. Cecala, Kristen K. Maerz, John C. Jackson, C. Rhett Gragson, Ted L. Pringle, Catherine M. TI Patch occupancy of stream fauna across a land cover gradient in the southern Appalachians, USA SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Appalachians; Consumers; Land use; Patch occupancy; Stream chemistry ID HEADWATER STREAMS; MOTTLED SCULPIN; ECOLOGICAL DATA; LEAF-LITTER; ECOSYSTEMS; BREAKDOWN; DYNAMICS; CRAYFISH; SHREDDER; IMPACTS AB We modeled patch occupancy to examine factors that best predicted the prevalence of four functionally important focal stream consumers (Tallaperla spp., Cambarus spp., Pleurocera proxima, and Cottus bairdi) among 37 reaches within the Little Tennessee River basin of the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA. We compared 34 models of patch occupancy to examine the association of catchment and reach scale factors that varied as a result of converting forest to agricultural or urban land use. Occupancy of our taxa was linked to parameters reflecting both catchment and reach extent characteristics. At the catchment level, forest cover or its conversion to agriculture was a major determinant of occupancy for all four taxa. Patch occupancies of Tallaperla, Cambarus, and C. bairdi were positively, and Pleurocera negatively, correlated with forest cover. Secondarily at the reach level, local availability of large woody debris was important for Cambarus, availability of large cobble substrate was important for C. bairdi, and stream calcium concentration was important for P. proxima. Our results show the abundance of stream organisms was determined by the taxon-dependent interplay between catchment- and reach-level factors. C1 [Frisch, John R.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Nongame Conservat Sect, Social Circle, GA USA. [Peterson, James T.] Oregon State Univ, USGS Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cecala, Kristen K.] Univ South, Dept Biol, Sewanee, TN USA. [Maerz, John C.; Jackson, C. Rhett] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gragson, Ted L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Anthropol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Pringle, Catherine M.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Frisch, JR (reprint author), Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Nongame Conservat Sect, Social Circle, GA USA. EM jrfrisch@yahoo.com FU National Science Foundation [DEB0823293]; Odum School of Ecology; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources at University of Georgia FX This study was part of the Coweeta Long Term Ecological Research study funded by National Science Foundation DEB0823293. It was supported by the Odum School of Ecology and the Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources at the University of Georgia. D. Hung, C. Kresl, L. Long, J. McMillan, J. Milanovich, S. Evans, S. Vulova, J. Cosgrove, and others provided critical field work. F. Benfield, D. Leigh, M. Valett, and J. Webster led collection of stream chemistry data. J. Hepinstall-Cymerman determined land cover in each catchment. J. Chamblee, K. Love, J. McDonald, and R. Benson produced the study area graphic. The USDA Forest Service provided key logistical support. M. Freeman, M. Snyder, S. Wenger, the Pringle lab, N. Bond, and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on the manuscript. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUN PY 2016 VL 773 IS 1 BP 163 EP 175 DI 10.1007/s10750-016-2695-9 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DK5SD UT WOS:000374979600014 ER PT J AU McCullough, IM Davis, FW Dingman, JR Flint, LE Flint, AL Serra-Diaz, JM Syphard, AD Moritz, MA Hannah, L Franklin, J AF McCullough, Ian M. Davis, Frank W. Dingman, John R. Flint, Lorraine E. Flint, Alan L. Serra-Diaz, Josep M. Syphard, Alexandra D. Moritz, Max A. Hannah, Lee Franklin, Janet TI High and dry: high elevations disproportionately exposed to regional climate change in Mediterranean-climate landscapes SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Microenvironments; Range shifts; Climatic water deficit; Microrefugia; Topographic buffering ID YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; TREE MORTALITY; MICROREFUGIA; PLANT; REFUGIA; PRECIPITATION; CONSERVATION; VEGETATION; DROUGHT; CALIFORNIA AB Context Predicting climate-driven species' range shifts depends substantially on species' exposure to climate change. Mountain landscapes contain a wide range of topoclimates and soil characteristics that are thought to mediate range shifts and buffer species' exposure. Quantifying fine-scale patterns of exposure across mountainous terrain is a key step in understanding vulnerability of species to regional climate change. Objectives We demonstrated a transferable, flexible approach for mapping climate change exposure in a moisture-limited, mountainous California landscape across 4 climate change projections under phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) for mid-(2040-2069) and end-of-century (2070-2099). Methods We produced a 149-year dataset (1951-2099) of modeled climatic water deficit (CWD), which is strongly associated with plant distributions, at 30-m resolution to map climate change exposure in the Tehachapi Mountains, California, USA. We defined climate change exposure in terms of departure from the 1951-1980 mean and historical range of variability in CWD in individual years and 3-year moving windows. Results Climate change exposure was generally greatest at high elevations across all future projections, though we encountered moderate topographic buffering on poleward-facing slopes. Historically dry lowlands demonstrated the least exposure to climate change. Conclusions In moisture-limited, Mediterranean-climate landscapes, high elevations may experience the greatest exposure to climate change in the 21st century. High elevation species may thus be especially vulnerable to continued climate change as habitats shrink and historically energy-limited locations become increasingly moisture-limited in the future. C1 [McCullough, Ian M.; Davis, Frank W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, 2400 Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Dingman, John R.] Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Air Resources Board, 10001 I St,POB 2815, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. [Flint, Lorraine E.; Flint, Alan L.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95189 USA. [Serra-Diaz, Josep M.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, 10423 Sierra Vista Ave, La Mesa, CA 91941 USA. [Moritz, Max A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hannah, Lee] Conservat Int, Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci & Oceans, 2011 Crystal Dr Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Franklin, Janet] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, POB 875302, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP McCullough, IM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, 2400 Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM imccullough@bren.ucsb.edu RI Davis, Frank/B-7010-2009 OI Davis, Frank/0000-0002-4643-5718 FU National Science Foundation Macrosystems Biology Program, NSF [EF-1065864]; GRUMETS team SGR Generalitat de Catalunya grant [1491] FX We gratefully acknowledge funding support from the National Science Foundation Macrosystems Biology Program, NSF #EF-1065864. We thank our collaborating investigators A. Hall, K. Redmond and H. Regan for associated projects that led to this paper. We also thank J. Frew, C. Tague and L. Sweet for useful comments and suggestions. We thank the Tejon Ranch Company and the Tejon Ranch Conservancy for cooperation and land access. JM S-D acknowledges further support from the GRUMETS team 2014 SGR 1491 Generalitat de Catalunya grant. Finally, we appreciate useful comments from the journal subject editor and four peer reviewers. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 20 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1063 EP 1075 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0318-x PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA DK5LS UT WOS:000374962000011 ER PT J AU Mullet, TC Gage, SH Morton, JM Huettmann, F AF Mullet, Timothy C. Gage, Stuart H. Morton, John M. Huettmann, Falk TI Temporal and spatial variation of a winter soundscape in south-central Alaska SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Biophony; Ecoacoustics; Geophony; Soundscape; Technophony; Machine learning, GIS, winter soundscapes ID BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEES; INDUCED NOISE; SELECTION; HABITAT; FOREST; BIRDS; COMMUNICATION; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; LANDSCAPE AB Context Winter soundscapes are likely different from soundscapes in other seasons considering wildlife vocalizations (biophony) decrease, wind events (geophony) increase, and winter vehicle noise (technophony) occurs. The temporal variation and spatial relationships of soundscape components to the landscape in winter have not been quantified and described until now. Objectives Our objectives were to determine the temporal and spatial variation and acoustic-environmental relationships of a winter soundscape in south-central Alaska. Methods We recorded ambient sounds at 62 locations throughout Kenai National Wildlife Refuge (December 2011-April 2012). We calculated the normalized power spectral density in 59,597 recordings and used machine learning to determine acoustic-environmental relationships and produce spatial models of soundscape components. Results Geophony was the most prevalent component (84 %) followed by technophony (15 %), and biophony (1 %). Geophony occurred primarily at night, varied little by month, and was strongly associated with lakes. Technophony and biophony had similar temporal variation, peaking in April. Technophony occurred closer to urban areas and at locations with high snowmobile activity. Biophony occurred closer to rivers and was inversely related to snowmobile activity. Over 75 % of sample sites had > 1 recordings of airplane or snowmobile noise, mainly in remote areas. Conclusions The soundscape displayed distinct patterns across 24-h and monthly timeframes. These patterns were strongly associated with land cover variables which demonstrate discrete acoustic-environmental relationships exhibiting distinct spatial patterns in the landscape. Despite the predominance of geophony, the presence of technophony in this winter soundscape may have significant negative effects to wildlife and wilderness quality. C1 [Mullet, Timothy C.; Huettmann, Falk] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, EWHALE Lab, 419 Irving 1,902 North Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Gage, Stuart H.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, Global Observ Ecosyst Serv, 101 Manly Miles Bldg,1405 South Harrison Rd, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Morton, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, 1 Ski Hill Rd, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Mullet, Timothy C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, 1208-B Main St, Daphne, AL 36526 USA. RP Mullet, TC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, EWHALE Lab, 419 Irving 1,902 North Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Mullet, TC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, 1208-B Main St, Daphne, AL 36526 USA. EM timothy_mullet@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Kenai National Wildlife Refuge; University of Alaska Fairbanks Graduate School FX This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and a research fellowship through the University of Alaska Fairbanks Graduate School. We thank the exceptional patience and hard work of Ryan Park, Bennie Johnson, and Mandy Salminen. We also appreciate the assistance of KENWR's staff. We thank Salford Systems Ltd and Robin Tabone for the TreeNet license and technical support, respectively. We thank the reviewers of this manuscript for their insightful and helpful advice, comments, and suggestions. NR 78 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1117 EP 1137 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0323-0 PG 21 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA DK5LS UT WOS:000374962000014 ER PT J AU Shipitalo, MJ Malone, RW Ma, LW Nolan, BT Kanwar, RS Shaner, DL Pederson, CH AF Shipitalo, Martin J. Malone, Robert W. Ma, Liwang Nolan, Bernard T. Kanwar, Rameshwar S. Shaner, Dale L. Pederson, Carl H. TI Corn stover harvest increases herbicide movement to subsurface drains - Root Zone Water Quality Model simulations SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atrazine; metolachlor; modeling; OXA; tile drainage; water quality ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; NO-TILL CORN; ATRAZINE TRANSPORT; RESIDUE REMOVAL; GROUND-WATER; CROP; RZWQM; METOLACHLOR; DEGRADATION; FATE AB BACKGROUND: Crop residue removal for bioenergy production can alter soil hydrologic properties and the movement of agrochemicals to subsurface drains. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM), previously calibrated using measured flow and atrazine concentrations in drainage from a 0.4 ha chisel-tilled plot, was used to investigate effects of 50 and 100% corn (Zea mays L.) stover harvest and the accompanying reductions in soil crust hydraulic conductivity and total macroporosity on transport of atrazine, metolachlor and metolachlor oxanilic acid (OXA). RESULTS: The model accurately simulated field-measured metolachlor transport in drainage. A 3 year simulation indicated that 50% residue removal reduced subsurface drainage by 31% and increased atrazine and metolachlor transport in drainage 4-5-fold when surface crust conductivity and macroporosity were reduced by 25%. Based on its measured sorption coefficient, approximately twofold reductions in OXA losses were simulated with residue removal. CONCLUSION: The RZWQM indicated that, if corn stover harvest reduces crust conductivity and soil macroporosity, losses of atrazine and metolachlor in subsurface drainage will increase owing to reduced sorption related to more water moving through fewer macropores. Losses of the metolachlor degradation product OXA will decrease as a result of the more rapid movement of the parent compound into the soil. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Shipitalo, Martin J.; Malone, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ma, Liwang; Shaner, Dale L.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Nolan, Bernard T.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Kanwar, Rameshwar S.; Pederson, Carl H.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. RP Shipitalo, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM martin.shipitalo@ars.usda.gov OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1124 EP 1132 DI 10.1002/ps.4087 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA DL2NK UT WOS:000375471900006 PM 26224526 ER PT J AU Baldwin, AK Corsi, SR De Cicco, LA Lenaker, PL Lutz, MA Sullivan, DJ Richards, KD AF Baldwin, Austin K. Corsi, Steven R. De Cicco, Laura A. Lenaker, Peter L. Lutz, Michelle A. Sullivan, Daniel J. Richards, Kevin D. TI Organic contaminants in Great Lakes tributaries: Prevalence and potential aquatic toxicity SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Urban; Endocrine disruption; Aquatic toxicity; Herbicides; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Great Lakes ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; SUCKERS CATOSTOMUS-MACROCHEILUS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; TREATMENT-PLANT EFFLUENTS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; BISPHENOL-A; EMERGING CONCERN; FISH AB Organic compounds used in agriculture, industry, and households make their way into surface waters through runoff, leaking septic-conveyance systems, regulated and unregulated discharges, and combined sewer overflows, among other sources. Concentrations of these organic waste compounds (OWCs) in some Great Lakes tributaries indicate a high potential for adverse impacts on aquatic organisms. During 2010-13, 709 water samples were collected at 57 tributaries, together representing approximately 41% of the total inflow to the lakes. Samples were collected during runoff and low-flow conditions and analyzed for 69 OWCs, including herbicides, insecticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, plasticizers, antioxidants, detergent metabolites, fire retardants, nonprescription human drugs, flavors/fragrances, and dyes. Urban-related land cover characteristics were the most important explanatory variables of concentrations of many OWCs. Compared to samples from non-urban watersheds (<15% urban land cover) samples from urban watersheds (>15% urban land cover) had nearly four times the number of detected compounds and four times the total sample concentration, on average. Concentration differences between runoff and low-flow conditions were not observed, but seasonal differences were observed in atrazine, metolachlor, DEET, and HHCB concentrations. Water quality benchmarks for individual OWCs were exceeded at 20 sites, and at 7 sites benchmarks were exceeded by a factor of 10 or more. The compounds with the most frequent water quality benchmark exceedances were the PAHs benzo[a]pyrene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and anthracene, the detergent metabolite 4-nonylphenol, and the herbicide atrazine. Computed estradiol equivalency quotients (EEQs) using only nonsteroidal endocrine-active compounds indicated medium to high risk of estrogenic effects (intersex or vitellogenin induction) at 10 sites. EEQs at 3 sites were comparable to values reported in effluent. This multifaceted study is the largest, most comprehensive assessment of the occurrence and potential effects of OWCs in the Great Lakes Basin to date. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Baldwin, Austin K.; Corsi, Steven R.; De Cicco, Laura A.; Lenaker, Peter L.; Lutz, Michelle A.; Sullivan, Daniel J.; Richards, Kevin D.] US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Baldwin, AK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM akbaldwi@usgs.gov OI Baldwin, Austin/0000-0002-6027-3823; De Cicco, Laura/0000-0002-3915-9487; Lenaker, Peter/0000-0002-9469-6285 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes National Program Office FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the many individuals involved in sample collection, processing, and analysis. Support for this project was provided by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes National Program Office. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 20 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 554 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.137 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DI1RZ UT WOS:000373274700006 PM 26950618 ER PT J AU Yang, QC Zhang, XS Xu, XY Asrar, GR Smith, RA Shih, JS Duan, SW AF Yang, Qichun Zhang, Xuesong Xu, Xingya Asrar, Ghassem R. Smith, Richard A. Shih, Jhih-Shyang Duan, Shuiwang TI Spatial patterns and environmental controls of particulate organic carbon in surface waters in the conterminous United States SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Particulate organic carbon; Spatial variability; Environmental control; Uncertainty ID SOIL-EROSION; LAND-USE; FRESH-WATER; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; LOWER MISSISSIPPI; COASTAL OCEAN; HUDSON RIVER; FLUXES; EXPORT AB Carbon cycling in inland waters has been identified as an important, but poorly constrained component of the global carbon cycle. In this study, we compile and analyze particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration data from 1145 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gauge stations to investigate the spatial variability and environmental controls of POC concentration. We observe substantial spatial variability in POC concentration (1.43 +/- 2.56 mgC/L, mean +/- one standard deviation), with the Upper Mississippi River basin and the Piedmont region in the eastern U.S. having the highest POC concentration. Further, we employ generalized linear models (GLMs) to analyze the impacts of sediment transport and algae growth as well as twenty-one other environmental factors on the POC variability. Suspended sediment and chlorophyll-a explain 26% and 17% of the variability in POC concentration, respectively. At the national level, the twenty-one environmental factors combined can explain ca. 40% of the spatial variance in POC concentration. At the national scale, urban area and soil clay content show significant negative correlations with POC concentration, whereas soil water content and soil bulk density correlate positively with POC. In addition, total phosphorus concentration and dam density correlate positively with POC concentration. Furthermore, regional scale analyses reveal substantial variation in environmental controls of POC concentration across eighteen major water resource regions in the U.S. The POC concentration and associated environmental controls also vary non-monotonically from headwaters to large rivers. These findings indicate complex interactions among multiple factors in regulating POC concentration over different spatial scales and across various sections of the river networks. This complexity, together with the large unexplained uncertainty, highlights the need for considering non-linear interplays of multiple environmental factors and developing appropriate methodologies to track the transformation and transport of POC along the terrestrial-aquatic interfaces. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Qichun; Zhang, Xuesong; Xu, Xingya; Asrar, Ghassem R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhang, Xuesong] Michigan State Univ, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Xu, Xingya] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Smith, Richard A.] US Geol Survey, MS Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Shih, Jhih-Shyang] Resources Future Inc, 1616 P St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Duan, Shuiwang] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Court,4049, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Zhang, XS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xuesong.zhang@pnnl.gov RI zhang, xuesong/B-7907-2009 FU NASA [NNH13ZDA001N, NNH12AU03I]; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science) [DE-FC02-07ER64494, KP1601050]; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE EERE) [OBP 20469-19145] FX We sincerely appreciate the valuable comments provided by the anonymous reviewers. This work was funded by the NASA New Investigator Award (NIP, NNH13ZDA001N) and Terrestrial Ecology Program (NNH12AU03I) as part of the North American Carbon Program, and the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-FC02-07ER64494, DOE BER Office of Science KP1601050, DOE EERE OBP 20469-19145). NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 554 BP 266 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.164 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DI1RZ UT WOS:000373274700030 PM 26956174 ER PT J AU McNally, A Shukla, S Arsenault, KR Wang, SG Peters-Lidard, CD Verdin, JP AF McNally, Amy Shukla, Shraddhanand Arsenault, Kristi R. Wang, Shugong Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Verdin, James P. TI Evaluating ESA CCI soil moisture in East Africa SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION LA English DT Article DE Remotely sensed soil moisture; Agricultural drought monitoring; Food security; East Africa ID DROUGHT MONITOR; WATER; DATASET; SYSTEM; MODELS; FOOD; RETRIEVALS; ECOSYSTEM; PRODUCTS; RAINFALL AB To assess growing season conditions where ground based observations are limited or unavailable, food security and agricultural drought monitoring analysts rely on publicly available remotely sensed rainfall and vegetation greenness. There are also remotely sensed soil moisture observations from missions like the European Space Agency (ESA), Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP); however, these time series are still too short to conduct studies that demonstrate the utility of these data for operational applications, or to provide historical context for extreme wet or dry events. To promote the use of remotely sensed soil moisture in agricultural drought and food security monitoring, we evaluate the quality of a 30+ year time series of merged active-passive microwave soil moisture from the ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI-SM) over East Africa. Compared to the Normalized Difference Vegetation index (NDVI) and modeled soil moisture products, we find substantial spatial and temporal gaps in the early part of the CCI-SM record, with adequate data coverage beginning in 1992. From this point forward, growing season CCI-SM anomalies are well correlated (R > 0.5) with modeled soil moisture, and in some regions, NDVI. We use pixel-wise correlation analysis and qualitative comparisons of seasonal maps and time series to show that remotely sensed soil moisture can inform remote drought monitoring that has traditionally relied on rainfall and NDVI in moderately vegetated regions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McNally, Amy] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [McNally, Amy] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Shukla, Shraddhanand] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Arsenault, Kristi R.; Wang, Shugong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, SAIC Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Peters-Lidard, Christa D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Verdin, James P.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP McNally, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; McNally, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM amy.l.mcnally@nasa.gov; shrad@geog.ucsb.edu; kristi.r.arsenault@nasa.gov; shugong.wang@nasa.gov; christa.d.peters-lidard@nasa.gov; verdin@usgs.gov RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 FU NASA Applied Sciences Program [G09AC000001, NN10AN261]; USAID-NASA Participating Agency Program Agreement; United States Geological Survey (USGS) [G14AC00042] FX We acknowledge the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) and the GES DISC for the dissemination of MERRA. This work was supported USGS Cooperative Agreement G09AC000001 "Monitoring and Forecasting Climate, Water and Land Use for Food Production in the Developing World," with funding from the NASA Applied Sciences Program, AwardNN10AN261 for "A Land Data Assimilation System for Famine Early Warning", and a USAID-NASA Participating Agency Program Agreement. Dr. Shukla was supported by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) award number G14AC00042. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for comments, and Gideaon Galu and Tamuka Magadzire for information on FEWS NET crop masks. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 12 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-2434 J9 INT J APPL EARTH OBS JI Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 48 BP 96 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.jag.2016.01.001 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DH3JC UT WOS:000372682300010 ER PT J AU Jepsen, SM Walvoord, MA Voss, CI Rover, J AF Jepsen, Steven M. Walvoord, Michelle A. Voss, Clifford I. Rover, Jennifer TI Effect of permafrost thaw on the dynamics of lakes recharged by ice-jam floods: case study of Yukon Flats, Alaska SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE permafrost; ice-jam; floods; supra-permafrost; groundwater flow; lake recharge; Alaska ID INTERIOR ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARCTIC LAKES; WATER; RIVER; DEGRADATION; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; DELTA; USA AB Large river floods are a key water source for many lakes in fluvial periglacial settings. Where permeable sediments occur, the distribution of permafrost may play an important role in the routing of floodwaters across a floodplain. This relationship is explored for lakes in the discontinuous permafrost of Yukon Flats, interior Alaska, using an analysis that integrates satellite-derived gradients in water surface elevation, knowledge of hydrogeology, and hydrologic modelling. We observed gradients in water surface elevation between neighbouring lakes ranging from 0.001 to 0.004. These high gradients, despite a ubiquitous layer of continuous shallow gravel across the flats, are consistent with limited groundwater flow across lake basins resulting from the presence of permafrost. Permafrost impedes the propagation of floodwaters in the shallow subsurface and constrains transmission to 'fill-and-spill' over topographic depressions (surface sills), as we observed for the Twelvemile-Buddy Lake pair following a May 2013 ice-jam flood on the Yukon River. Model results indicate that permafrost table deepening of 1-11m in gravel, depending on watershed geometry and subsurface properties, could shift important routing of floodwater to lakes from overland flow (fill-and-spill) to shallow groundwater flow ('fill-and-seep'). Such a shift is possible in the next several hundred years of ground surface warming and may bring about more synchronous water level changes between neighbouring lakes following large flood events. This relationship offers a potentially useful tool, well suited to remote sensing, for identifying long-term changes in shallow groundwater flow resulting from thawing of permafrost. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Jepsen, Steven M.] Univ Calif, Sch Engn, 5200 North Lake Rd, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Walvoord, Michelle A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rover, Jennifer] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Jepsen, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif, Sch Engn, 5200 North Lake Rd, Merced, CA 95343 USA. EM thesjepsen@gmail.com OI Rover, Jennifer/0000-0002-3437-4030 FU SERDP [RC-2111]; USGS National Research Program FX We gratefully acknowledge funding provided by SERDP award RC-2111 and the USGS National Research Program. Comments from Colin Penn (USGS) and two anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAY 30 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1782 EP 1795 DI 10.1002/hyp.10756 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DQ4SD UT WOS:000379192700011 ER PT J AU Moschetti, MP Hoover, SM Mueller, CS AF Moschetti, M. P. Hoover, S. M. Mueller, C. S. TI Likelihood testing of seismicity-based rate forecasts of induced earthquakes in Oklahoma and Kansas SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HAZARD MODEL; CALIFORNIA; INJECTION; MAGNITUDE; RESERVOIR; INCREASE AB Likelihood testing of induced earthquakes in Oklahoma and Kansas has identified the parameters that optimize the forecasting ability of smoothed seismicity models and quantified the recent temporal stability of the spatial seismicity patterns. Use of the most recent 1 year period of earthquake data and use of 10-20 km smoothing distances produced the greatest likelihood. The likelihood that the locations of January-June 2015 earthquakes were consistent with optimized forecasts decayed with increasing elapsed time between the catalogs used for model development and testing. Likelihood tests with two additional sets of earthquakes from 2014 exhibit a strong sensitivity of the rate of decay to the smoothing distance. Marked reductions in likelihood are caused by the nonstationarity of the induced earthquake locations. Our results indicate a multiple-fold benefit from smoothed seismicity models in developing short-term earthquake rate forecasts for induced earthquakes in Oklahoma and Kansas, relative to the use of seismic source zones. C1 [Moschetti, M. P.; Hoover, S. M.; Mueller, C. S.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80403 USA. RP Moschetti, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80403 USA. EM mmoschetti@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 10 BP 4913 EP 4921 DI 10.1002/2016GL068948 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP2UC UT WOS:000378347500032 ER PT J AU Brennan, SR Torgersen, CE Hollenbeck, JP Fernandez, DP Jensen, CK Schindler, DE AF Brennan, Sean R. Torgersen, Christian E. Hollenbeck, Jeff P. Fernandez, Diego P. Jensen, Carrie K. Schindler, Daniel E. TI Dendritic network models: Improving isoscapes and quantifying influence of landscape and in-stream processes on strontium isotopes in rivers SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL STATISTICAL-MODELS; MOVING-AVERAGE APPROACH; WATER; PROVENANCE; PATTERN AB A critical challenge for the Earth sciences is to trace the transport and flux of matter within and among aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric systems. Robust descriptions of isotopic patterns across space and time, called "isoscapes," form the basis of a rapidly growing and wide-ranging body of research aimed at quantifying connectivity within and among Earth's systems. However, isoscapes of rivers have been limited by conventional Euclidean approaches in geostatistics and the lack of a quantitative framework to apportion the influence of processes driven by landscape features versus in-stream phenomena. Here we demonstrate how dendritic network models substantially improve the accuracy of isoscapes of strontium isotopes and partition the influence of hydrologic transport versus local geologic features on strontium isotope ratios in a large Alaska river. This work illustrates the analytical power of dendritic network models for the field of isotope biogeochemistry, particularly for provenance studies of modern and ancient animals. C1 [Brennan, Sean R.; Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Torgersen, Christian E.; Hollenbeck, Jeff P.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. [Torgersen, Christian E.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fernandez, Diego P.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Jensen, Carrie K.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Brennan, SR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM srbrenn@uw.edu FU Bristol Bay Regional Seafood Association; Bristol Bay Science Research Institute; Alaska Sea grant [R/100-02]; SPATIAL Short Course faculty at the University of Utah FX The Bristol Bay Regional Seafood Association and Bristol Bay Science Research Institute funded this research. Alaska Sea grant R/100-02 funded non-Tikchik Lake [Sr] analyses. Thanks to Christine Woll and the Alaska Chapter of The Nature Conservancy for work on the Nushagak River topology; Erin Peterson, Jay Ver Hoef, Daniel Isaak, Jeff Falke, and David Hockman-Wert for training in STARS/SSN; Gabriel Bowen and the SPATIAL Short Course faculty at the University of Utah for training and financial support of SRB to attend course; Adrianne Smits for help with fieldwork; Clement Bataille for his helpful discussions; two anonymous reviewers and Christian Zimmerman. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. Data used are listed in the supporting information. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 10 BP 5043 EP 5051 DI 10.1002/2016GL068904 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP2UC UT WOS:000378347500048 ER PT J AU Preston, DL Caine, N McKnight, DM Williams, MW Hell, K Miller, MP Hart, SJ Johnson, PTJ AF Preston, Daniel L. Caine, Nel McKnight, Diane M. Williams, Mark W. Hell, Katherina Miller, Matthew P. Hart, Sarah J. Johnson, Pieter T. J. TI Climate regulates alpine lake ice cover phenology and aquatic ecosystem structure SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; HISTORICAL TRENDS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; UNITED-STATES; SOURCE WATERS; USA; PHYTOPLANKTON; PERMAFROST; DROUGHT AB High-elevation aquatic ecosystems are highly vulnerable to climate change, yet relatively few records are available to characterize shifts in ecosystem structure or their underlying mechanisms. Using a long-term data set on seven alpine lakes (3126 to 3620 m) in Colorado, USA, we show that ice-off dates have shifted 7 days earlier over the past 33 years and that spring weather conditions-especially snowfall-drive yearly variation in ice-off timing. In the most well studied lake, earlier ice-off associated with increases in water residence times, thermal stratification, ion concentrations, dissolved nitrogen, pH, and chlorophyll a. Mechanistically, low spring snowfall and warm temperatures reduce summer stream flow (increasing lake residence times) but enhance melting of glacial and permafrost ice (increasing lake solute inputs). The observed links among hydrological, chemical, and biological responses to climate factors highlight the potential for major shifts in the functioning of alpine lakes due to forecasted climate change. C1 [Preston, Daniel L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Caine, Nel; McKnight, Diane M.; Williams, Mark W.; Hell, Katherina] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Caine, Nel; Williams, Mark W.; Hart, Sarah J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, Matthew P.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Johnson, Pieter T. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Preston, DL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM daniel.preston@oregonstate.edu OI Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2537-1823 FU University of Colorado; NSF Niwot Ridge LTER [DEB-1027341]; NSF [DEB-1311467, DEB-0841758, DEB-1149308, NSF EAR-1124576] FX Data are available through the Niwot Ridge Long Term Ecological Research Website (http://niwot.colorado.edu/). We thank C. Seibold, H. Hughes, E. Kellermans, E. Gardner, D. Garland, T. Bell, C. Flanagan, L. Weber, E. Borgnis, C. Cox, K. Alexander, M. Hough, J. Turner, A. Nadeau, S. Michael, A. Guido, T. Phillips, R. Archuleta, S. Crisp, G. Mena, K. Husk, W. McKnight, K. Portmess, S. Vergara, S. McDougall, M. Woltz, and R. Hull for assistance with data collection and C. Rumsey for comments. Funding for this study came from the University of Colorado, the NSF Niwot Ridge LTER (DEB-1027341), and NSF grants to D. Preston (DEB-1311467), P. Johnson (DEB-0841758 and DEB-1149308), and M. Williams (NSF EAR-1124576). NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 10 BP 5553 EP 5560 DI 10.1002/2016GL069036 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP2UC UT WOS:000378347500106 ER PT J AU Aeby, GS Callahan, S Cox, EF Runyon, C Smith, A Stanton, FG Ushijima, B Work, TM AF Aeby, Greta S. Callahan, Sean Cox, Evelyn F. Runyon, Christina Smith, Ashley Stanton, Frank G. Ushijima, Blake Work, Thierry M. TI Emerging coral diseases in Kane'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i (USA): two major disease outbreaks of acute Montipora white syndrome SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Coral disease; Kane'ohe Bay; Montipora capitata; Hawai'i; Disease outbreak; Emerging diseases ID VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; MASS MORTALITY; STORM RUNOFF; REEF CORALS; DYNAMICS; NORTHWESTERN; ISLANDS; ECOLOGY; CLIMATE; WATERS AB In March 2010 and January 2012, we documented 2 widespread and severe coral disease outbreaks on reefs throughout Kane'ohe Bay, Hawai'i (USA). The disease, acute Montipora white syndrome (aMWS), manifested as acute and progressive tissue loss on the common reef coral M. capitata. Rapid visual surveys in 2010 revealed 338 aMWS-affected M. capitata colonies with a disease abundance of (mean +/- SE) 0.02 +/- 0.01 affected colonies per m of reef surveyed. In 2012, disease abundance was significantly higher (1232 aMWS-affected colonies) with 0.06 +/- 0.02 affected colonies m(-1). Prior surveys found few acute tissue loss lesions in M. capitata in Kane'ohe Bay; thus, the high number of infected colonies found during these outbreaks would classify this as an emerging disease. Disease abundance was highest in the semi-enclosed region of south Kane'ohe Bay, which has a history of nutrient and sediment impacts from terrestrial runoff and stream discharge. In 2010, tagged colonies showed an average tissue loss of 24% after 1 mo, and 92% of the colonies continued to lose tissue in the subsequent month but at a slower rate (chronic tissue loss). The host-specific nature of this disease (affecting only M. capitata) and the apparent spread of lesions between M. capitata colonies in the field suggest a potential transmissible agent. The synchronous appearance of affected colonies on multiple reefs across Kane'ohe Bay suggests a common underlying factor. Both outbreaks occurred during the colder, rainy winter months, and thus it is likely that some parameter(s) associated with winter environmental conditions are linked to the emergence of disease outbreaks on these reefs. C1 [Aeby, Greta S.; Callahan, Sean; Cox, Evelyn F.; Runyon, Christina; Smith, Ashley; Ushijima, Blake] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Aeby, Greta S.; Callahan, Sean; Runyon, Christina] Univ Hawaii, Marine Biol Grad Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Callahan, Sean; Runyon, Christina; Smith, Ashley; Ushijima, Blake] Univ Hawaii, Microbiol Dept, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Cox, Evelyn F.] Univ Hawaii, Kapolei, HI 96707 USA. [Stanton, Frank G.] Leeward Community Coll, Pearl City, HI 96782 USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Aeby, GS (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA.; Aeby, GS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Marine Biol Grad Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM greta@hawaii.edu FU NSF [OCE-0961814] FX Thanks to Dr. S. Coles, R. Eismueller, F. Farrell, and K. Aeby for assistance in the field during the outbreaks. This study was supported, in part, by NSF grant OCE-0961814 awarded to G.S.A. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD MAY 26 PY 2016 VL 119 IS 3 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.3354/dao02996 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA DS0IF UT WOS:000380278200002 PM 27225202 ER PT J AU Wendel, J Buttenfield, BP Stanislawski, LV AF Wendel, Jochen Buttenfield, Barbara P. Stanislawski, Lawrence V. TI An evaluation of unsupervised and supervised learning algorithms for clustering landscape types in the United States SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE unsupervised clustering; landscape regions; Automated generalization; supervised classification ID SELF-ORGANIZING MAP; DRAINAGE DENSITY; MULTIPLE MEASUREMENTS; RANDOM FORESTS; CLASSIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; RUNOFF; TREES AB Knowledge of landscape type can inform cartographic generalization of hydrographic features, because landscape characteristics provide an important geographic context that affects variation in channel geometry, flow pattern, and network configuration. Landscape types are characterized by expansive spatial gradients, lacking abrupt changes between adjacent classes; and as having a limited number of outliers that might confound classification. The US Geological Survey (USGS) is exploring methods to automate generalization of features in the National Hydrography Data set (NHD), to associate specific sequences of processing operations and parameters with specific landscape characteristics, thus obviating manual selection of a unique processing strategy for every NHD watershed unit. A chronology of methods to delineate physiographic regions for the United States is described, including a recent maximum likelihood classification based on seven input variables. This research compares unsupervised and supervised algorithms applied to these seven input variables, to evaluate and possibly refine the recent classification. Evaluation metrics for unsupervised methods include the Davies-Bouldin index, the Silhouette index, and the Dunn index as well as quantization and topographic error metrics. Cross validation and misclassification rate analysis are used to evaluate supervised classification methods. The paper reports the comparative analysis and its impact on the selection of landscape regions. The compared solutions show problems in areas of high landscape diversity. There is some indication that additional input variables, additional classes, or more sophisticated methods can refine the existing classification. C1 [Wendel, Jochen] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, European Inst Energy Res EIFER, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Buttenfield, Barbara P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stanislawski, Lawrence V.] US Geol Survey, CEGIS, Rolla, MO USA. RP Wendel, J (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, European Inst Energy Res EIFER, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM jochen.wendel@kit.edu FU USGS-CEGIS grant [04121HS029] FX This research formed a portion of Dr Wendel's dissertation research, supervised by Dr Buttenfield at the University of Colorado. The work at Colorado is supported by USGS-CEGIS grant # [04121HS029], "Generalization and Data Modeling for New Generation Topographic Mapping." CEGIS is the USGS Center for Excellence in Geospatial Information Science. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1523-0406 EI 1545-0465 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INF SC JI Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci. PD MAY 26 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 3 BP 233 EP 249 DI 10.1080/15230406.2015.1067829 PG 17 WC Geography SC Geography GA DG4JT UT WOS:000372039200004 ER PT J AU Keiter, DA Cunningham, FL Rhodes, OE Irwin, BJ Beasley, JC AF Keiter, David A. Cunningham, Fred L. Rhodes, Olin E., Jr. Irwin, Brian J. Beasley, James C. TI Optimization of Scat Detection Methods for a Social Ungulate, the Wild Pig, and Experimental Evaluation of Factors Affecting Detection of Scat SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BOAR SUS-SCROFA; POPULATION-SIZE; SOUTH-CAROLINA; FECAL DNA; DEER; SELECTION; GENETICS; IMPACT; RANGE; FECES AB Collection of scat samples is common in wildlife research, particularly for genetic capture-mark-recapture applications. Due to high degradation rates of genetic material in scat, large numbers of samples must be collected to generate robust estimates. Optimization of sampling approaches to account for taxa-specific patterns of scat deposition is, therefore, necessary to ensure sufficient sample collection. While scat collection methods have been widely studied in carnivores, research to maximize scat collection and noninvasive sampling efficiency for social ungulates is lacking. Further, environmental factors or scat morphology may influence detection of scat by observers. We contrasted performance of novel radial search protocols with existing adaptive cluster sampling protocols to quantify differences in observed amounts of wild pig (Sus scrofa) scat. We also evaluated the effects of environmental (percentage of vegetative ground cover and occurrence of rain immediately prior to sampling) and scat characteristics (fecal pellet size and number) on the detectability of scat by observers. We found that 15- and 20-m radial search protocols resulted in greater numbers of scats encountered than the previously used adaptive cluster sampling approach across habitat types, and that fecal pellet size, number of fecal pellets, percent vegetative ground cover, and recent rain events were significant predictors of scat detection. Our results suggest that use of a fixed-width radial search protocol may increase the number of scats detected for wild pigs, or other social ungulates, allowing more robust estimation of population metrics using noninvasive genetic sampling methods. Further, as fecal pellet size affected scat detection, juvenile or smaller-sized animals may be less detectable than adult or large animals, which could introduce bias into abundance estimates. Knowledge of relationships between environmental variables and scat detection may allow researchers to optimize sampling protocols to maximize utility of noninvasive sampling for wild pigs and other social ungulates. C1 [Keiter, David A.; Rhodes, Olin E., Jr.; Beasley, James C.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. [Keiter, David A.; Beasley, James C.] Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Cunningham, Fred L.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Starkville, MS USA. [Rhodes, Olin E., Jr.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Irwin, Brian J.] Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Keiter, DA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA.; Keiter, DA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM david.keiter@gmail.com FU United States Department of Energy [DE-FC09-07SR22506]; United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center; U.S. Geological Survey; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Georgia; Wildlife Management Institute; United States Government FX Funding for this research was provided by the United States Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FC09-07SR22506 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation and the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/aphis/ourfocus/wildlifedamage?uri le=wcm%3Apath%3A%2FAPHIS_Content_Library%2FSA_Our_Focus%2FSA_Wildlife_Da mage%2FSA_Programs%2FSA_NWRC). Researchers at the USDA-APHIS National Wildlife Research Center participated in design of this study and preparation of the manuscript.; We thank the volunteers in the fall 2014 Wildlife Techniques course at the University of Georgia who assisted with this research and L. Lee for her photograph of bottomland hardwood habitat at the Savannah River Site. All other photographs were provided by D. Keiter. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife Management Institute. This paper was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the U.S. Department of Agriculture, nor any of its employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data or associated code on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data or code described and/or contained herein. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 25 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 5 AR e0155615 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0155615 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DN2GI UT WOS:000376881700023 PM 27224453 ER PT J AU Westrich, JR Ebling, AM Landing, WM Joyner, JL Kemp, KM Griffin, DW Lipp, EK AF Westrich, Jason R. Ebling, Alina M. Landing, William M. Joyner, Jessica L. Kemp, Keri M. Griffin, Dale W. Lipp, Erin K. TI Saharan dust nutrients promote Vibrio bloom formation in marine surface waters SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Saharan dust; Vibrio; iron; marine biogeochemistry; microbial ecology ID MESOSCALE IRON ENRICHMENT; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; COASTAL; OCEAN; DEPOSITION; COMMUNITY; MICROORGANISMS; SIDEROPHORES; DYNAMICS; PACIFIC AB Vibrio is a ubiquitous genus of marine bacteria, typically comprising a small fraction of the total microbial community in surface waters, but capable of becoming a dominant taxon in response to poorly characterized factors. Iron (Fe), often restricted by limited bioavailability and low external supply, is an essential micronutrient that can limit Vibrio growth. Vibrio species have robust metabolic capabilities and an array of Fe-acquisition mechanisms, and are able to respond rapidly to nutrient influx, yet Vibrio response to environmental pulses of Fe remains uncharacterized. Here we examined the population growth of Vibrio after natural and simulated pulses of atmospherically transported Saharan dust, an important and episodic source of Fe to tropical marine waters. As a model for opportunistic bacterial heterotrophs, we demonstrated that Vibrio proliferate in response to a broad range of dust-Fe additions at rapid timescales. Within 24 h of exposure, strains of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio alginolyticus were able to directly use Saharan dust-Fe to support rapid growth. These findings were also confirmed with in situ field studies; arrival of Saharan dust in the Caribbean and subtropical Atlantic coincided with high levels of dissolved Fe, followed by up to a 30-fold increase of culturable Vibrio over background levels within 24 h. The relative abundance of Vibrio increased from similar to 1 to similar to 20% of the total microbial community. This study, to our knowledge, is the first to describe Vibrio response to Saharan dust nutrients, having implications at the intersection of marine ecology, Fe biogeochemistry, and both human and environmental health. C1 [Westrich, Jason R.; Joyner, Jessica L.; Kemp, Keri M.; Lipp, Erin K.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Westrich, Jason R.; Joyner, Jessica L.; Kemp, Keri M.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ebling, Alina M.; Landing, William M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Griffin, Dale W.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Joyner, Jessica L.] CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Biol, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. RP Lipp, EK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM elipp@uga.edu FU National Science Foundation [EF-1015342, OCE-1357423, OCE-1357140]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health Initiative [S0867882]; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; Association of Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean FX We thank Brian Hopkinson (University of Georgia) for consultation in developing Vib-FeL; Rebecca Auxier (University of Georgia) for ICP-MS analysis; Suzette Morman for analysis of Moroccan source material (USGS Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center); and Kim Love Meyers (University of Georgia) for statistical consultation. We acknowledge collection support from the Mote Tropical Research Lab; Joseph Prospero (University of Miami); and Edmund Blades (Barbados Ministry of Health) for assistance in Barbados. This work was funded through National Science Foundation Grants EF-1015342 and OCE-1357423 (to E.K.L.) and OCE-1357140 (to W.M.L.); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health Initiative S0867882 (to E.K.L.); the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program (D.W.G.); and a student grant from the Association of Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean (to J.R.W.). NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 24 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 21 BP 5964 EP 5969 DI 10.1073/pnas.1518080113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DN0UD UT WOS:000376779900062 PM 27162369 ER PT J AU Aagaard, K Lockwood, JL Green, EJ AF Aagaard, Kevin Lockwood, Julie L. Green, Edwin J. TI A Bayesian approach for characterizing uncertainty in declaring a population collapse SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Audubon Christmas Bird Counts; Bayesian modeling; Birds; Conservation; Hawaiian Islands; Population collapses ID DECLINES; FISHERIES; RECOVERY AB Detecting rapid and substantial population declines (collapses) is of considerable importance to many applied ecological fields. Published definitions of a population collapse describe a decline in abundance over time (e.g., 90% decline within 10 years or less). We develop a flexible, rigorous method to account for uncertainty in the magnitude and period of a collapse, and provide a way to estimate the probability of a collapse having occurred. Using Bayesian approaches we quantify uncertainty in the maximum abundance obtained in a time series and the time step in which this maximum is realized. We then use this estimate of uncertainty as a way to set a confidence interval around a specified percentage decline from the maximum, and as a way to acknowledge uncertainty in how many time steps it took for the decline to occur. We apply this method to evaluate the prevalence of collapses among 12 declining native Hawaiian birds, and show a high probability that six of these 12 have declined by >= 90% within 10 years. Our procedure advances current methods for identifying collapses within time series of abundance data by explicitly and transparently accounting for uncertainty in the key component of any definition of a collapse; the maximum abundance. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Grad Program Ecol & Evolut, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Aagaard, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM kevin.j.aagaard@gmail.com; lockwood@aesop.rutgers.edu; green@crssa.ruters.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY 24 PY 2016 VL 328 BP 78 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.02.014 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK2AL UT WOS:000374716900008 ER PT J AU Grant, EHC Miller, DAW Schmidt, BR Adams, MJ Amburgey, SM Chambert, T Cruickshank, SS Fisher, RN Green, DM Hossack, BR Johnson, PTJ Joseph, MB Rittenhouse, TAG Ryan, ME Waddle, JH Walls, SC Bailey, LL Fellers, GM Gorman, TA Ray, AM Pilliod, DS Price, SJ Saenz, D Sadinski, W Muths, E AF Grant, Evan H. Campbell Miller, David A. W. Schmidt, Benedikt R. Adams, Michael J. Amburgey, Staci M. Chambert, Thierry Cruickshank, Sam S. Fisher, Robert N. Green, David M. Hossack, Blake R. Johnson, Pieter T. J. Joseph, Maxwell B. Rittenhouse, Tracy A. G. Ryan, Maureen E. Waddle, J. Hardin Walls, Susan C. Bailey, Larissa L. Fellers, Gary M. Gorman, Thomas A. Ray, Andrew M. Pilliod, David S. Price, Steven J. Saenz, Daniel Sadinski, Walt Muths, Erin TI Quantitative evidence for the effects of multiple drivers on continental-scale amphibian declines SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID POPULATION DECLINES; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-USE; BIODIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; EXTINCTIONS; OCCUPANCY AB Since amphibian declines were first proposed as a global phenomenon over a quarter century ago, the conservation community has made little progress in halting or reversing these trends. The early search for a "smoking gun" was replaced with the expectation that declines are caused by multiple drivers. While field observations and experiments have identified factors leading to increased local extinction risk, evidence for effects of these drivers is lacking at large spatial scales. Here, we use observations of 389 time-series of 83 species and complexes from 61 study areas across North America to test the effects of 4 of the major hypothesized drivers of declines. While we find that local amphibian populations are being lost from metapopulations at an average rate of 3.79% per year, these declines are not related to any particular threat at the continental scale; likewise the effect of each stressor is variable at regional scales. This result - that exposure to threats varies spatially, and populations vary in their response - provides little generality in the development of conservation strategies. Greater emphasis on local solutions to this globally shared phenomenon is needed. C1 [Grant, Evan H. Campbell] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Miller, David A. W.; Amburgey, Staci M.; Chambert, Thierry] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schmidt, Benedikt R.; Cruickshank, Sam S.] Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. [Schmidt, Benedikt R.] KARCH, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Adams, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chambert, Thierry] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Green, David M.] McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, 859 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Johnson, Pieter T. J.; Joseph, Maxwell B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rittenhouse, Tracy A. G.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Ryan, Maureen E.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Waddle, J. Hardin] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Walls, Susan C.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fellers, Gary M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. [Gorman, Thomas A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ray, Andrew M.] Natl Pk Serv, Greater Yellowstone Network Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Price, Steven J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Saenz, Daniel] Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75961 USA. [Sadinski, Walt] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Muths, Erin] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Grant, EHC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM ehgrant@usgs.gov RI Schmidt, Benedikt/B-8491-2008; Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009; Miller, David/E-4492-2012; Waddle, Hardin/D-3845-2009 OI Schmidt, Benedikt/0000-0002-4023-1001; Waddle, Hardin/0000-0003-1940-2133 FU US Geological Survey FX This work was conducted as part of the Amphibian Decline Working Group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the US Geological Survey. Data deposited at the US Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis. The authors declare no competing financial interests. This manuscript is contribution #541 of the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Comments from D. Hocking, P. Toschik and three anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 16 U2 45 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAY 23 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 25625 DI 10.1038/srep25625 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DM3EQ UT WOS:000376230000001 PM 27212145 ER PT J AU Cutting, KA Cross, WF Anderson, ML Reese, EG AF Cutting, Kyle A. Cross, Wyatt F. Anderson, Michelle L. Reese, Elizabeth G. TI Seasonal Change in Trophic Niche of Adfluvial Arctic Grayling (Thymallus arcticus) and Coexisting Fishes in a High-Elevation Lake System SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISH; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; HABITAT COMPRESSION; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; STABLE-ISOTOPES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RESOURCE USE; POPULATION; NITROGEN AB Introduction of non-native species is a leading threat to global aquatic biodiversity. Competition between native and non-native species is often influenced by changes in suitable habitat or food availability. We investigated diet breadth and degree of trophic niche overlap for a fish assemblage of native and non-native species inhabiting a shallow, high elevation lake system. This assemblage includes one of the last remaining post-glacial endemic populations of adfluvial Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in the contiguous United States. We examined gut contents and stable isotope values of fish taxa in fall and spring to assess both short-(days) and long-term (few months) changes in trophic niches. We incorporate these short-term (gut contents) data into a secondary isotope analysis using a Bayesian statistical framework to estimate long-term trophic niche. Our data suggest that in this system, Arctic grayling share both a short-and long-term common food base with non-native trout of cutthroat x rainbow hybrid species (Oncorhynchus clarkia bouvieri x Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). In addition, trophic niche overlap among Arctic grayling, hybrid trout, and brook trout appeared to be stronger during spring than fall. In contrast, the native species of Arctic grayling, burbot (Lota lota), and suckers (Catostomus spp.) largely consumed different prey items. Our results suggest strong seasonal differences in trophic niche overlap among Arctic grayling and non-native trout, with a potential for greatest competition for food during spring. We suggest that conservation of endemic Arctic grayling in high-elevation lakes will require recognition of the potential for coexisting non-native taxa to impede well-intentioned recovery efforts. C1 [Cutting, Kyle A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Rock Lakes Natl Wildlife Refuge, Lima, MT USA. [Cross, Wyatt F.; Reese, Elizabeth G.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Anderson, Michelle L.] Univ Montana, Dept Biol, Dillon, MT USA. RP Cutting, KA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Rock Lakes Natl Wildlife Refuge, Lima, MT USA. EM kyle_cutting@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Inventory and Monitoring Program FX The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Inventory and Monitoring Program provided financial support for this project. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 29 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 20 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 5 AR e0156187 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0156187 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DM4BV UT WOS:000376291500048 PM 27205901 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JAP Fairen, AG Tanaka, KL Zarroca, M Linares, R Platz, T Komatsu, G Miyamoto, H Kargel, JS Yan, JG Gulick, V Higuchi, K Baker, VR Glines, N AF Rodriguez, J. Alexis P. Fairen, Alberto G. Tanaka, Kenneth L. Zarroca, Mario Linares, Rogelio Platz, Thomas Komatsu, Goro Miyamoto, Hideaki Kargel, Jeffrey S. Yan, Jianguo Gulick, Virginia Higuchi, Kana Baker, Victor R. Glines, Natalie TI Tsunami waves extensively resurfaced the shorelines of an early Martian ocean SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN PLAINS; MARS; MORPHOLOGY; INDONESIA; LOWLANDS; BOUNDARY; DEPOSITS; SURFACE; WATER; FATE AB It has been proposed that similar to 3.4 billion years ago an ocean fed by enormous catastrophic floods covered most of the Martian northern lowlands. However, a persistent problem with this hypothesis is the lack of definitive paleoshoreline features. Here, based on geomorphic and thermal image mapping in the circum-Chryse and northwestern Arabia Terra regions of the northern plains, in combination with numerical analyses, we show evidence for two enormous tsunami events possibly triggered by bolide impacts, resulting in craters similar to 30 km in diameter and occurring perhaps a few million years apart. The tsunamis produced widespread littoral landforms, including run-up water-ice-rich and bouldery lobes, which extended tens to hundreds of kilometers over gently sloping plains and boundary cratered highlands, as well as backwash channels where wave retreat occurred on highland-boundary surfaces. The ice-rich lobes formed in association with the younger tsunami, showing that their emplacement took place following a transition into a colder global climatic regime that occurred after the older tsunami event. We conclude that, on early Mars, tsunamis played a major role in generating and resurfacing coastal terrains. C1 [Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.; Platz, Thomas] Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 East Ft Lowell Rd,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.; Gulick, Virginia; Glines, Natalie] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Fairen, Alberto G.; Higuchi, Kana] INTA, CSIC, Ctr Astrobiol, Dept Planetol & Habitabil, Madrid 28850, Spain. [Fairen, Alberto G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Tanaka, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Zarroca, Mario; Linares, Rogelio] Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Dept Geol, External Geodynam & Hydrogeol Grp, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Platz, Thomas] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci, Planetary Sci & Remote Sensing, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. [Komatsu, Goro] Univ G DAnnunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, Viale Pindaro 42, I-65127 Pescara, Italy. [Miyamoto, Hideaki] Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Kargel, Jeffrey S.; Baker, Victor R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Yan, Jianguo] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & R, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Gulick, Virginia; Glines, Natalie] SETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Platz, Thomas] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Dept Planets & Comets, Justus von Liebig Weg 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Rodriguez, JAP (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 East Ft Lowell Rd,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.; Rodriguez, JAP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM alexis@psi.edu RI Komatsu, Goro/I-7822-2012; Platz, Thomas/F-7539-2013; OI Komatsu, Goro/0000-0003-4155-108X; Platz, Thomas/0000-0002-1253-2034; Zarroca, Mario/0000-0001-6907-1892 FU NASA's Planetary Geologic and Geophysics Program; NASA NPP; KAKENHI [25120006]; Project "icyMARS" - European Research Council [307496]; DFG [PL613/2-1]; MRO HiRISE Co-Investigator funds FX Funding for JAPR was provided by NASA's Planetary Geologic and Geophysics Program, NASA NPP and KAKENHI 25120006. KLT was also funded by NASA's Planetary Geologic and Geophysics Program. AGF was supported by the Project "icyMARS", funded by the European Research Council, Starting Grant No. 307496. TP was supported by a DFG Grant (PL613/2-1). VCG was funded by MRO HiRISE Co-Investigator funds. HM was funded by KAKENHI 25120006. Publications costs were covered by the Project "icyMARS", funded by the European Research Council, Starting Grant No. 307496. We are thankful to Alexander Cox for his valuable editing. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAY 19 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 25106 DI 10.1038/srep25106 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DM1UK UT WOS:000376131900001 PM 27196957 ER PT J AU Costello, CM Cain, SL Pils, S Frattaroli, L Haroldson, MA van Manen, FT AF Costello, Cecily M. Cain, Steven L. Pils, Shannon Frattaroli, Leslie Haroldson, Mark A. van Manen, Frank T. TI Diet and Macronutrient Optimization in Wild Ursids: A Comparison of Grizzly Bears with Sympatric and Allopatric Black Bears SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; URSUS-ARCTOS; BROWN BEARS; FOOD-HABITS; MASS GAIN; PROTEIN; ENERGY; BODY; MYRMECOPHAGY; CONSTRAINTS AB When fed ad libitum, ursids can maximize mass gain by selecting mixed diets wherein protein provides 17 +/- 4% of digestible energy, relative to carbohydrates or lipids. In the wild, this ability is likely constrained by seasonal food availability, limits of intake rate as body size increases, and competition. By visiting locations of 37 individuals during 274 bear-days, we documented foods consumed by grizzly (Ursus arctos) and black bears (Ursus americanus) in Grand Teton National Park during 2004-2006. Based on published nutritional data, we estimated foods and macronutrients as percentages of daily energy intake. Using principal components and cluster analyses, we identified 14 daily diet types. Only 4 diets, accounting for 21% of days, provided protein levels within the optimal range. Nine diets (75% of days) led to over-consumption of protein, and 1 diet (3% of days) led to under-consumption. Highest protein levels were associated with animal matter (i.e., insects, vertebrates), which accounted for 46-47% of daily energy for both species. As predicted: 1) daily diets dominated by high-energy vertebrates were positively associated with grizzly bears and mean percent protein intake was positively associated with bodymass; 2) diets dominated by low-protein fruits were positively associated with smaller-bodied black bears; and 3) mean protein was highest during spring, when high-energy plant foods were scarce, however it was also higher than optimal during summer and fall. Contrary to our prediction: 4) allopatric black bears did not exhibit food selection for high-energy foods similar to grizzly bears. Although optimal gain of body mass was typically constrained, bears usually opted for the energetically superior trade-off of consuming high-energy, high-protein foods. Given protein digestion efficiency similar to obligate carnivores, this choice likely supported mass gain, consistent with studies showing monthly increases in percent body fat among bears in this region. C1 [Costello, Cecily M.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Cain, Steven L.; Frattaroli, Leslie] Grand Teton Natl Pk, Moose, WY USA. [Pils, Shannon; Haroldson, Mark A.; van Manen, Frank T.] US Geol Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Costello, Cecily M.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Kalispell, MT USA. [Cain, Steven L.] Grand Teton Natl Pk Fdn, Moose, WY USA. [Pils, Shannon] Shoshone Natl Forest, Cody, WY USA. [Frattaroli, Leslie] Natl Pk Serv, Natl Capital Reg, Washington, DC 20240 USA. RP Costello, CM (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.; Costello, CM (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Kalispell, MT USA. EM cecostello@mt.gov FU National Park Service-Natural Resource Preservation Program; Grand Teton National Park Foundation; Charles Engelhard Foundation; Earth Friends Wildlife Foundation; Greater Yellowstone Coordinating Committee; University of Wyoming-National Park Service Research Station; John and Karin McQuillan; Wildlife Society-Wyoming Chapter Memorial Bear Fund; Grand Teton National Park; U.S. Geological Survey; Northern Rocky Mountains Science Center; Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team FX Funding was provided by the National Park Service-Natural Resource Preservation Program; Grand Teton National Park Foundation; Charles Engelhard Foundation; Earth Friends Wildlife Foundation; Greater Yellowstone Coordinating Committee; University of Wyoming-National Park Service Research Station; John and Karin McQuillan; and The Wildlife Society-Wyoming Chapter Memorial Bear Fund. The preceding funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Additional support was provided by Grand Teton National Park and U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountains Science Center, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 29 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 18 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 5 AR e0153702 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0153702 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DM3ZU UT WOS:000376286100008 PM 27192407 ER PT J AU Raymond, LA Merschat, A Vance, RK AF Raymond, Loren A. Merschat, Arthur Vance, R. Kelly TI Metaultramafic schists and dismembered ophiolites of the Ashe Metamorphic Suite of northwestern North Carolina, USA SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Review DE polymetamorphic; Ultramafic; ophiolite; North Carolina; Ashe Metamorphic Suite ID BLUE-RIDGE; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; ISLANDS OPHIOLITE; ULTRAMAFIC BODIES; GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; FACIES METAMORPHISM; OCEANIC-CRUST; ARM MOUNTAIN; ORIGIN; PETROLOGY AB Metaultramafic rocks (MUR) in the Ashe Metamorphic Suite (AMS) of northwestern North Carolina include quartz +/- feldspar-bearing QF-amphibolites and quartz-deficient, locally talc-, chlorite-, and/or Mg-amphibole-bearing TC-amphibolites. Some workers divide TC-amphibolites into Todd and Edmonds types, based on mineral and geochemical differences, and we provisionally add a third type - olivine +/- pyroxene-rich, Rich Mountain-type rocks. Regionally, MUR bodies range from equant, Rich Mountain- to highly elongate, Todd-TC-amphibolite-type bodies. The MURs exhibit three to five mineral associations containing assemblages with olivine, anthophyllitic amphibole, Mg-hornblende, Mg-actinolite, cummingtonite, and serpentine representing decreasing eclogite to greenschist facies grades of metamorphism over time. MUR protoliths are difficult to determine. Southwestern MUR bodies have remnant olivine +/- pyroxene-rich assemblages representing ultrabasic-basic, dunite-peridotite-pyroxenite protoliths. Northeastern TC-amphibolite MURs contain hornblende and actinolitic amphiboles plus chlorites - aluminous and calcic assemblages suggesting to some that metasomatism of basic, QF-amphibolites yields all TC-amphibolites. Yet MgO-CaO-Al2O3 and trace element chemistries of many TC-amphibolites resemble compositions of plagioclase peridotites. We show that a few AMS TC-amphibolites had basaltic/gabbroic protoliths, while presenting arguments opposing application of the metasomatic hypothesis to all TC-amphibolites. We establish that MUR bodies are petrologically heterolithic and that TC-amphibolites are in contact with many rock types; that those with high Cr, Ni, and Mg have olivine- or pyroxene-dominated protoliths; that most exhibit three or more metamorphic mineral associations; and that contacts thought to be metasomatic are structural. Clearly, different MUR bodies have different chemistries representing various protoliths, and have different mineral assemblages, reflecting both chemical composition and metamorphic history. Spot sampling of heterolithic MUR bodies does not reveal MUR body character or history or allow 'type' designations. We recommend that the subdivision of MUR bodies into 'types' be abandoned and that the metasomatic hypothesis be carefully applied. AMS MURs and associated metamafic rocks likely represent fragments of dismembered ophiolites from various ophiolite types. C1 [Raymond, Loren A.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Geol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Merschat, Arthur] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Vance, R. Kelly] Georgia So Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Raymond, LA (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Geol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. EM raymondla@bellsouth.net FU National Science Foundation [PRM-8112182] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant [PRM-8112182] to Loren A. Raymond. NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0020-6814 EI 1938-2839 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD MAY 18 PY 2016 VL 58 IS 7 BP 874 EP 912 DI 10.1080/00206814.2015.1129515 PG 39 WC Geology SC Geology GA DE9SJ UT WOS:000370978800005 ER PT J AU Love, JJ Coisson, P Pulkkinen, A AF Love, Jeffrey J. Coisson, Pierdavide Pulkkinen, Antti TI Global statisticalmaps of extreme-event magnetic observatory 1 min first differences in horizontal intensity SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GEOMAGNETICALLY INDUCED CURRENTS; SPACE WEATHER; TIME DERIVATIVES; OCTOBER 2003; FIELD; EARTH; STORM AB Analysis is made of the long-term statistics of three different measures of ground level, storm time geomagnetic activity: instantaneous 1 min first differences in horizontal intensity Delta B-h, the root-mean-square of 10 consecutive 1 min differences S, and the ramp change R over 10 min. Geomagnetic latitude maps of the cumulative exceedances of these three quantities are constructed, giving the threshold (nT/min) for which activity within a 24 h period can be expected to occur once per year, decade, and century. Specifically, at geomagnetic 55 degrees, we estimate once-per-century Delta B-h, S, and R exceedances and a site-to-site, proportional, 1 standard deviation range [1 sigma, lower and upper] to be, respectively, 1000, [690, 1450]; 500, [350, 720]; and 200, [140, 280] nT/min. At 40 degrees, we estimate once-per-century Delta B-h, S, and R exceedances and 1 sigma. values to be 200, [140, 290]; 100, [70, 140]; and 40, [30, 60] nT/min. C1 [Love, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Coisson, Pierdavide] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Paris, France. [Pulkkinen, Antti] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Love, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jlove@usgs.gov RI Coisson, Pierdavide/C-5942-2012 OI Coisson, Pierdavide/0000-0003-4155-2111 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 9 BP 4126 EP 4135 DI 10.1002/2016GL068664 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP2RS UT WOS:000378339200007 ER PT J AU Kirwan, ML Walters, DC Reay, WG Carr, JA AF Kirwan, Matthew L. Walters, David C. Reay, William G. Carr, Joel A. TI Sea level driven marsh expansion in a coupled model of marsh erosion and migration SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SALT-MARSH; CHESAPEAKE BAY; RISE; MANAGEMENT; ATLANTIC; RATES; WATER; FACE; FLOW AB Coastal wetlands are among the most valuable ecosystems on Earth, where ecosystem services such as flood protection depend nonlinearly on wetland size and are threatened by sea level rise and coastal development. Here we propose a simple model of marsh migration into adjacent uplands and couple it with existing models of seaward edge erosion and vertical soil accretion to explore how ecosystem connectivity influences marsh size and response to sea level rise. We find that marsh loss is nearly inevitable where topographic and anthropogenic barriers limit migration. Where unconstrained by barriers, however, rates of marsh migration are much more sensitive to accelerated sea level rise than rates of edge erosion. This behavior suggests a counterintuitive, natural tendency for marsh expansion with sea level rise and emphasizes the disparity between coastal response to climate change with and without human intervention. C1 [Kirwan, Matthew L.; Walters, David C.; Reay, William G.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Phys Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Carr, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Kirwan, ML (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Phys Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM kirwan@vims.edu OI Carr, Joel/0000-0002-9164-4156 FU NSF LTER [1237733]; NSF Coastal SEES [1426981]; NOAA NERRS [NA14NOS4200133]; USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program FX Scott Lerberg performed the geospatial analysis in Figure 4. Lennert Schepers provided the photograph of dead trees in Figure 1. This work was supported by NSF LTER 1237733, NSF Coastal SEES 1426981, NOAA NERRS Cooperative Agreement NA14NOS4200133, and the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This paper is contribution no. 3546 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 9 BP 4366 EP 4373 DI 10.1002/2016GL068507 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP2RS UT WOS:000378339200035 ER PT J AU Scandella, BP Pillsbury, L Weber, T Ruppel, C Hemond, HF Juanes, R AF Scandella, Benjamin P. Pillsbury, Liam Weber, Thomas Ruppel, Carolyn Hemond, Harold F. Juanes, Ruben TI Ephemerality of discrete methane vents in lake sediments SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER; HOT-SPOTS; TRANSPORT; EBULLITION; PROVINCES; EMISSION; SVALBARD; BUBBLES AB Methane is a potent greenhouse gas whose emission from sediments in inland waters and shallow oceans may both contribute to global warming and be exacerbated by it. The fraction of methane emitted by sediments that bypasses dissolution in the water column and reaches the atmosphere as bubbles depends on the mode and spatiotemporal characteristics of venting from the sediments. Earlier studies have concluded that hot spots-persistent, high-flux vents-dominate the regional ebullitive flux from submerged sediments. Here the spatial structure, persistence, and variability in the intensity of methane venting are analyzed using a high-resolution multibeam sonar record acquired at the bottom of a lake during multiple deployments over a 9 month period. We confirm that ebullition is strongly episodic, with distinct regimes of high flux and low flux largely controlled by changes in hydrostatic pressure. Our analysis shows that the spatial pattern of ebullition becomes homogeneous at the sonar's resolution over time scales of hours (for high-flux periods) or days (for low-flux periods), demonstrating that vents are ephemeral rather than persistent, and suggesting that long-term, lake-wide ebullition dynamics may be modeled without resolving the fine-scale spatial structure of venting. C1 [Scandella, Benjamin P.; Hemond, Harold F.; Juanes, Ruben] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Pillsbury, Liam; Weber, Thomas] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Ruppel, Carolyn] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ruppel, Carolyn; Juanes, Ruben] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Juanes, R (reprint author), MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.; Juanes, R (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM juanes@mit.edu RI Weber, Thomas/H-2428-2012; Juanes, Ruben/F-8004-2011; OI Weber, Thomas/0000-0001-8320-361X; Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [1045193]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FE0013999] FX We thank Kyle Delwiche, Hannah Wood and Jared Darby of MIT, W. Baldwin, D. Blackwood and the USGS Woods hole technical and operational group, Carlo Lanzoni of UNH, Jens Greinert of GEOMAR, Doug Wilson and the Imagenex Technology Corporation, Coach Kenneth Legler and the Tufts Sailing Team, and the Winchester Boat Club. This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (award 1045193) and the U.S. Department of Energy (grant DE-FE0013999). Any use of a trade, product, or firm name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 9 BP 4374 EP 4381 DI 10.1002/2016GL068668 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP2RS UT WOS:000378339200036 ER PT J AU Turner, PA Griffis, TJ Baker, JM Lee, X Crawford, JT Loken, LC Venterea, RT AF Turner, P. A. Griffis, T. J. Baker, J. M. Lee, X. Crawford, J. T. Loken, L. C. Venterea, R. T. TI Regional-scale controls on dissolved nitrous oxide in the Upper Mississippi River SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; REGRESSION TREES; OHIO RIVER; EMISSIONS; DENITRIFICATION; N2O; WATER; NITRIFICATION; STREAM; OCEAN AB The U.S. Corn Belt is one of the most intensive agricultural regions of the world and is drained by the Upper Mississippi River (UMR), which forms one of the largest drainage basins in the U.S. While the effects of agricultural nitrate (NO3-) on water quality in the UMR have been well documented, its impact on the production of nitrous oxide (N2O) has not been reported. Using a novel equilibration technique, we present the largest data set of freshwater dissolved N2O concentrations (0.7 to 6 times saturation) and examine the controls on its variability over a 350 km reach of the UMR. Driven by a supersaturated water column, the UMR was an important atmospheric N2O source (+ 68mg N(2)ONm(-2) yr(-1)) that varies nonlinearly with the NO3- concentration. Our analyses indicated that a projected doubling of the NO3- concentration by 2050 would cause dissolved N2O concentrations and emissions to increase by about 40%. C1 [Turner, P. A.; Griffis, T. J.; Baker, J. M.; Venterea, R. T.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Baker, J. M.; Venterea, R. T.] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. [Lee, X.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Lee, X.] Nanjing Univ Informat & Technol, Ctr Atmospher Environm, Yale Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Crawford, J. T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. [Loken, L. C.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI USA. [Loken, L. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI USA. RP Turner, PA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM turne289@umn.edu OI Loken, Luke/0000-0003-3194-1498 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA-NIFA 2013-67019-21364]; USDA-ARS; U.S. Geological Survey's LandCarbon program FX We thank William Breiter, Michael Dolan, Mark Dornblaser, Stephen Powers, and Matt Erickson for field and laboratory assistance. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, grant USDA-NIFA 2013-67019-21364, USDA-ARS, and the U.S. Geological Survey's LandCarbon program. Data are hosted at http://www.biometeorology.umn.edu/research/data-archives. Any use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 15 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 9 BP 4400 EP 4407 DI 10.1002/2016GL068710 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP2RS UT WOS:000378339200039 ER PT J AU Larson, DL Rabie, PA Droege, S Larson, JL Haar, M AF Larson, Diane L. Rabie, Paul A. Droege, Sam Larson, Jennifer L. Haar, Milton TI Exotic Plant Infestation Is Associated with Decreased Modularity and Increased Numbers of Connectors in Mixed-Grass Prairie Pollination Networks SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FLOWER-VISITOR NETWORKS; NATIVE PLANT; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; INVASIVE PLANT; ARCHITECTURE; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT; STABILITY AB The majority of pollinating insects are generalists whose lifetimes overlap flowering periods of many potentially suitable plant species. Such generality is instrumental in allowing exotic plant species to invade pollination networks. The particulars of how existing networks change in response to an invasive plant over the course of its phenology are not well characterized, but may shed light on the probability of long-term effects on plant-pollinator interactions and the stability of network structure. Here we describe changes in network topology and modular structure of infested and non-infested networks during the flowering season of the generalist non-native flowering plant, Cirsium arvense in mixed-grass prairie at Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. Objectives were to compare network-level effects of infestation as they propagate over the season in infested and non-infested (with respect to C. arvense) networks. We characterized plant-pollinator networks on 5 non-infested and 7 infested 1-ha plots during 4 sample periods that collectively covered the length of C. arvense flowering period. Two other abundantly-flowering invasive plants were present during this time: Melilotus officinalis had highly variable floral abundance in both C. arvense-infested and non-infested plots and Convolvulus arvensis, which occurred almost exclusively in infested plots and peaked early in the season. Modularity, including roles of individual species, and network topology were assessed for each sample period as well as in pooled infested and non-infested networks. Differences in modularity and network metrics between infested and non-infested networks were limited to the third and fourth sample periods, during flower senescence of C. arvense and the other invasive species; generality of pollinators rose concurrently, suggesting rewiring of the network and a lag effect of earlier floral abundance. Modularity was lower and number of connectors higher in infested networks, whether they were assessed in individual sample periods or pooled into infested and non-infested networks over the entire blooming period of C. arvense. Connectors typically did not reside within the same modules as C. arvense, suggesting that effects of the other invasive plants may also influence the modularity results, and that effects of infestation extend to co-flowering native plants. We conclude that the presence of abundantly flowering invasive species is associated with greater network stability due to decreased modularity, but whether this is advantageous for the associated native plant-pollinator communities depends on the nature of perturbations they experience. C1 [Larson, Diane L.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN USA. [Rabie, Paul A.] Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Laramie, WY USA. [Droege, Sam] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Larson, Jennifer L.] Polistes Fdn, St Paul, MN USA. [Haar, Milton] Badlands Natl Pk, Interior, SD USA. RP Larson, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN USA. EM dlarson@usgs.gov OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 FU U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program; Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; Badlands National Park; WEST, Inc. FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Badlands National Park and WEST, Inc. WEST, Inc. provided support in the form of salaries for author [PAR], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 16 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 5 AR e0155068 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0155068 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DM3XH UT WOS:000376279500022 PM 27182727 ER PT J AU Barnhart, EP Weeks, EP Jones, EJP Ritter, DJ McIntosh, JC Clark, AC Ruppert, LF Cunningham, AB Vinson, DS Orem, W Fields, MW AF Barnhart, Elliott P. Weeks, Edwin P. Jones, Elizabeth J. P. Ritter, Daniel J. McIntosh, Jennifer C. Clark, Arthur C. Ruppert, Leslie F. Cunningham, Alfred B. Vinson, David S. Orem, William Fields, Matthew W. TI Hydrogeochemistry and coal-associated bacterial populations from a methanogenic coal bed SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Powder River Basin; Coalbed methane; Microbial enhanced CBM (MECoM) technology; Test site; Biosurfactant; Hydrology; Hydrogeochemistry ID POWDER RIVER-BASIN; FORT UNION FORMATION; BIOGENIC METHANE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; FORMATION WATER; ILLINOIS BASIN; UNITED-STATES; GAS; SHALE; USA AB Biogenic coalbed methane (CBM), a microbially-generated source of natural gas trapped within coal beds, is an important energy resource in many countries. Specific bacterial populations and enzymes involved in coal degradation, the potential rate-limiting step of CBM formation, are relatively unknown. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has established a field site, (Birney test site), in an undeveloped area of the Powder River Basin (PRB), with four wells completed in the Flowers-Goodale coal bed, one in the overlying sandstone formation, and four in overlying and underlying coal beds (Knoblach, Nance, and Tenet). The nine wells were positioned to characterize the hydraulic conductivity of the Flowers-Goodale coal bed and were selectively cored to investigate the hydrogeochemistry and microbiology associated with CBM production at the Birney test site. Aquifer-test results indicated the Flowers-Goodale coal bed, in a zone from about 112 to 120 m below land surface at the test site, had very low hydraulic conductivity (0.005 m/d) compared to other PRB coal beds examined. Consistent with microbial methanogenesis, groundwater in the coal bed and overlying sandstone contain dissolved methane (46 mg/L average) with low delta C-13 values (-67%. average), high alkalinity values (22 meq/kg average), relatively positive delta C-13-DIC values (4 parts per thousand average), and no detectable higher chain hydrocarbons, NO3-, or SOi(4)(2-). Bioassay methane production was greatest at the upper interface of the Flowers-Goodale coal bed near the overlying sandstone. Pyrotag analysis identified Aeribacillus as a dominant in situ bacterial community member in the coal near the sandstone and statistical analysis indicated Actinobacteria predominated coal core samples compared to claystone or sandstone cores. These bacteria, which previously have been correlated with hydrocarbon-containing environments such as oil reservoirs, have demonstrated the ability to produce biosurfactants to break down hydrocarbons. Identifying microorganisms involved in coal degradation and the hydrogeochemical conditions that promote their activity is crucial to understanding and improving in situ CBM production, Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barnhart, Elliott P.] US Geol Survey, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Weeks, Edwin P.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Jones, Elizabeth J. P.; Ruppert, Leslie F.; Orem, William] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Ritter, Daniel J.; McIntosh, Jennifer C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Clark, Arthur C.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Barnhart, Elliott P.; Cunningham, Alfred B.; Fields, Matthew W.] Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Barnhart, Elliott P.; Fields, Matthew W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cunningham, Alfred B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Vinson, David S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Fields, Matthew W.] Natl Ctr Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. RP Barnhart, EP (reprint author), USGS Wyoming Montana Water Sci Ctr, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT 59601 USA. OI Ruppert, Leslie/0000-0002-7453-1061 FU U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program; Department of Energy [DE-FE0026155]; DOE ZERT Program [DE-FC26-04NT42262]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomics: GTL Foundational Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF [EAR-1322805] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program. This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FE0026155. This project was supported in part by DOE ZERT Program under grant no. DE-FC26-04NT42262. The development of pyrosequencing techniques was supported as a component of ENIGMA, a scientific focus area program supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomics: GTL Foundational Science through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the U.S. Department of Energy. Research was also supported by a NSF grant (EAR-1322805). NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD MAY 15 PY 2016 VL 162 BP 14 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2016.05.001 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA DR7KT UT WOS:000380079200002 ER PT J AU Olea, RA Luppens, JA Egozcue, JJ Pawlowsky-Glahn, V AF Olea, Ricardo A. Luppens, James A. Egozcue, Juan J. Pawlowsky-Glahn, Vera TI Calorific value and compositional ultimate analysis with a case study of a Texas lignite SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Two-point geostatistics; Compositional data analysis; Geochemistry; Uncertainty ID QUALITY AB Measurements to determine coal quality as fuel include proximate analysis, ultimate analysis and calorific value. The latter is an attribute taking non-negative real values, so a simple transformation is sufficient for its spatial modeling applying geostatistics. The analyses, however, involve proportions that follow the properties of compositional data, thus requiring special preprocessing for an adequate modeling already described in a previous publication for the case of proximate analysis data.(1) Here we model the results of calorific value and ultimate analysis. We propose to use two different binary partitions, one per analysis, map the corresponding isometric logratio transformations, and backtransform the results. The methodology is illustrated using the same coal bed in the previous paper modeling proximate analysis data. Results are summarized using probability maps that, in the case of this deposit, show a prominent channel crossing the deposit and separating the best quality coal from that of lower quality. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Olea, Ricardo A.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Luppens, James A.] US Geol Survey, W 6th Ave & Kipling St,Mail Stop 939, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Egozcue, Juan J.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Barcelona, Spain. [Pawlowsky-Glahn, Vera] Univ Girona, Dept Informat Appl Math & Stat, Girona, Spain. RP Olea, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rolea@usgs.gov OI Pawlowsky-Glahn, Vera/0000-0001-9775-6434 FU Ministerio de Economia y Competividad (Spain) [MTM2015-65016-C2-1-R, MTM2012-33236]; AGAUR of the Generalitat de Catalunya [2014SGR551] FX J.J. Egozcue and V. Pawlowsky-Glahn have been supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competividad (Spain) under the project "CODA-RETOS" (Ref. MTM2015-65016-C2-1-R) and the project "METRICS" (Ref. MTM2012-33236); and by the AGAUR of the Generalitat de Catalunya under the project "COSDA" (Ref: 2014SGR551). NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD MAY 15 PY 2016 VL 162 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2016.05.005 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA DR7KT UT WOS:000380079200003 ER PT J AU Conaway, CH Thordsen, JJ Manning, MA Cook, PJ Trautz, RC Thomas, B Kharaka, YK AF Conaway, Christopher H. Thordsen, James J. Manning, Michael A. Cook, Paul J. Trautz, Robert C. Thomas, Burt Kharaka, Yousif K. TI Comparison of geochemical data obtained using four brine sampling methods at the SECARB Phase III Anthropogenic Test CO2 injection site, Citronelle Oil Field, Alabama SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brine; Carbon capture and storage; Produced water; U-tube; Wireline fluid sampling ID POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL-ISSUES; WATER-ROCK INTERACTIONS; STATES GULF-COAST; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; SALINE AQUIFERS; FRIO-FORMATION; STORAGE; SEQUESTRATION; USA; CARBON AB The chemical composition of formation water and associated gases from the lower Cretaceous Paluxy Formation was determined using four different sampling methods at a characterization well in the Citronelle Oil Field, Alabama, as part of the Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (SECARB) Phase III Anthropogenic Test, which is an integrated carbon capture and storage project. In this study, formation water and gas samples were obtained from well D-9-8 #2 at Citronelle using gas lift, electric submersible pump, U-tube, and a downhole vacuum sampler (VS) and subjected to both field and laboratory analyses. Field chemical analyses included electrical conductivity, dissolved sulfide concentration, alkalinity, and pH; laboratory analyses included major, minor and trace elements, dissolved carbon, volatile fatty acids, free and dissolved gas species. The formation water obtained from this well is a Na-Ca-Cl-type brine with a salinity of about 200,000 mg/L total dissolved solids. Differences were evident between sampling methodologies, particularly in pH, Fe and alkalinity. There was little gas in samples, and gas composition results were strongly influenced by sampling methods. The results of the comparison demonstrate the difficulty and importance of preserving volatile analytes in samples, with the VS and U-tube system performing most favorably in this aspect. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Conaway, Christopher H.; Thordsen, James J.; Thomas, Burt; Kharaka, Yousif K.] USGS Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Manning, Michael A.] USGS Lower Mississippi Gulf Water Sci Ctr, Jackson, MS USA. [Cook, Paul J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Trautz, Robert C.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Thomas, Burt] Willamette Univ, Dept Environm & Earth Sci, Salem, OR 97301 USA. RP Conaway, CH (reprint author), USGS Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cconaway@usgs.gov RI Cook, Paul/I-4788-2016 FU US Department of Energy's (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL); DOE FX This project was conducted as part of the Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (SECARB) Phase III Anthropogenic Test, which is managed by the Southern States Energy Board in partnership with Southern Company, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), and Advanced Resources International (ARI). The test is an integrated capture and storage project funded in part by the US Department of Energy's (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), with Bruce M. Brown and Mary A. Sullivan as Program Coordinators. R. Burt Thomas was supported in part by an appointment to the NETL Research Participation Program, sponsored by the DOE and administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). Barry M. Freifeld from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) provided engineering expertise for the U-tube installation, and Tom Daley (LBNL) provided geophysical support. We thank Gil Ambats, Atosa Abedni, Brent Topping, John Fitzpatrick, and Michael Murphy (USGS) for analytical support. Determinations of NORMs by gamma spectroscopy were performed by Peter Swarzenski (USGS). The U-tube sampler was operated in 2013 by RDH Environmental Services. Gas samples were analyzed by W.C. Evans (USGS). We thank Allen Roberts (USGS), Steve Bumgardner and Hunter Jonsson (ARI), and host-site workers at Denbury Onshore Inc. We thank Mark A. Engle, Gerald R. Hill, and Scott C. Wehner, and two anonymous reviewers for providing comments to improve the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD MAY 15 PY 2016 VL 162 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2016.06.001 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA DR7KT UT WOS:000380079200009 ER PT J AU Qiu, KF Deng, J Taylor, RD Song, KR Song, YH Li, QZ Goldfarb, RJ AF Qiu, Kun-Feng Deng, Jun Taylor, Ryan D. Song, Kai-Rui Song, Yao-Hui Li, Quan-Zhong Goldfarb, Richard J. TI Paleozoic magmatism and porphyry Cu-mineralization in an evolving tectonic setting in the North Qilian Orogenic Belt, NW China SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Geochemistry; Geochronology; Hf isotope; Magmatic oxygen fugacity; Wangdian Cu deposit; Paleo Qilian-Qinling Ocean ID RE-OS AGES; LA-ICP-MS; U-PB; QINLING OROGEN; COPPER-DEPOSITS; TRACE-ELEMENT; GEOCHRONOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE; CONTINENTAL COLLISION; MOLYBDENUM DEPOSITS AB The NWW-striking North Qilian Orogenic Belt records the Paleozoic accretion-collision processes in NW China, and hosts Paleozoic Cu-Pb-Zn mineralization that was temporally and spatially related to the closure of the Paleo Qilian-Qinling Ocean. The Wangdian Cu deposit is located in the eastern part of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt, NW China. Copper mineralization is spatially associated with an altered early Paleozoic porphyritic granodiorite, which intruded tonalites and volcaniclastic rocks. Alteration zones surrounding the mineralization progress outward from a potassic to a feldspar-destructive phyllic assemblage. Mineralization consists mainly of quartz-sulfide stockworks and disseminated sulfides, with ore minerals chalcopyrite, pyrite, molybdenite, and minor galena and sphalerite. Gangue minerals include quartz, orthoclase, biotite, sericite, and K-feldspar. Zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating of the ore-bearing porphyritic granodiorite yielded a mean 206F-0/238U age of 444.6 +/- 7.8 Ma, with a group of inherited zircons yielding a mean U-Pb age of 485 +/- 12 Ma, consistent with the emplacement age (485.3 +/- 6.2 Ma) of the barren precursor tonalite. Rhenium and osmium analyses of molybdenite grains returned model ages of 442.9 +/- 6.8 Ma and 443.3 +/- 6.2 Ma, indicating mineralization was coeval with the emplacement of the host porphyritic granodiorite. Rhenium concentrations in molybdenite (208.9-213.2 ppm) suggest a mantle Re source. The tonalities are medium-K calc-alkaline. They are characterized by enrichment of light rare-earth elements (LREEs) and large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs), depletion of heavy rare-earth elements (HREEs) and high-field-strength elements (HFSEs), and minor negative Eu anomalies. They have epsilon(Hf)(t) values in the range of +3.6 to +11.1, with two-stage Hf model ages of 0.67-1.13 Ga, suggesting that the ca. 485 Ma barren tonalites were products of arc magmatism incorporating melts from the mantle wedge and the lithosphere. In contrast, the 40-m.y.-younger ore-bearing porphyritic granodiorite is sub-alkaline and peraluminous. They are enriched in LREEs and LILEs, depleted in HFSEs, and show weak negative Eu anomalies. They display sHf(t) values of captured or inherited zircons in the range of +8.5 to +10.0, and younger two-stage Hf model ages of 0.78 Ga and 0.86 Ga, similar to those of ca. 485 Ma tonalite. The ca. 445 Ma zircons have WO values of -2.1 to +9.9, with two-stage Hf model ages of 0.75-1.27 Ga. Moreover, they have relatively high oxygen fugacity than that of the precursor barren tonalite. The ca. 445 Ma magmas at Wangdian thus formed in a subduction setting, and incorporated melts from the subduction-modified lithosphere that had previously been enriched by additions of chal-cophile and siderophile element-rich materials by the earlier magmatism and metasomatism during the Paleo Qilian-Qinling Ocean subduction event. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Qiu, Kun-Feng; Deng, Jun; Song, Kai-Rui; Song, Yao-Hui; Goldfarb, Richard J.] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, 29 Xue Yuan Rd, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Qiu, Kun-Feng; Taylor, Ryan D.; Goldfarb, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Song, Yao-Hui] Airborne Survey & Remote Sensing Ctr Nucl Ind, Shijiazhuang 050000, Peoples R China. [Li, Quan-Zhong] Hefei Univ Technol, Sch Resources & Environm Engn, Hefei 230009, Peoples R China. RP Deng, J (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, 29 Xue Yuan Rd, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM djun@cugb.edu.cn OI Taylor, Ryan D/0000-0002-8845-5290 FU National Key Basic Research Development Program [2015CB452605]; Geological investigation work project of China Geological Survey [1212011121090]; 111 Project of the Ministry of Education, China [B07011]; Society of Economic Geologists Foundation; China Scholarship Council; Chinese Government FX We thank Prof. Mei-Fu Zhou, the associate editor Dr. Juhn G Liou at Stanford University and two anonymous reviewers for constructive reviews and comments that have improved the quality of this paper. Thanks are also due to Dr. Jian-Zhen Geng for zircon Lu-Hf isotopic measurements and Dr. Chao Li for molybdenite Re-Os analyses, and Junlie Zhou and Wangzhen Han at Gansu Nonferrous Metal Geological Exploration Bureau for support during our field work. We gratefully acknowledge Hua-Feng Zhang, Tian-Feng Wan, Li-Qiang Yang, and Hao-Cheng Yu at China University of Geo-sciences, and Erin Marsh at the U.S. Geological Survey for their comments and suggestions for this manuscript. This work was financially supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Program (2015CB452605), Geological investigation work project of China Geological Survey (1212011121090), 111 Project of the Ministry of Education, China (Grant No. B07011), and scholarships from Society of Economic Geologists Foundation and China Scholarship Council for Kunfeng Qiu. This work also contributes to the Overseas Professor Award to Richard Goldfarb from the Chinese Government. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 133 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1367-9120 EI 1878-5786 J9 J ASIAN EARTH SCI JI J. Asian Earth Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 2016 VL 122 BP 20 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.02.007 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP4IE UT WOS:000378458800002 ER PT J AU Abramov, O Mojzsis, SJ AF Abramov, Oleg Mojzsis, Stephen J. TI Thermal effects of impact bombardments on Noachian Mars SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mars; bombardment; crust; impacts; thermal modeling; habitability ID INNER SOLAR-SYSTEM; LATE HEAVY BOMBARDMENT; MAIN ASTEROID BELT; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; LUNAR CATACLYSM; MARTIAN CRUST; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; DEPTH PROFILES; HADEAN EARTH; ORIGIN AB Noachian (prior to ca. 3700 Ma) terranes are the oldest and most heavily cratered landscapes on Mars, with crater densities comparable to the ancient highlands of the Moon and Mercury. Intense early cratering affected Mars by melting and fracturing its crust, draping large areas in impact ejecta, generating regional-scale hydrothermal systems, and increasing atmospheric pressure (and thereby, temperature) to periodically re-start an otherwise moribund hydrological cycle. Post primary-accretionary bombardment scenarios that shaped early Mars can be imagined in two ways: either as a simple exponential decay with an approximately 100 Myr half-life, or as a "sawtooth" timeline characterized by both faster-than-exponential decay from primary accretion and relatively lower total delivered mass. Indications are that a late bombardment spike was superposed on an otherwise broadly monotonic decline subsequent to primary accretion, of which two types are investigated: a classical "Late Heavy Bombardment" (LHB) peak of impactors centered at ca. 3900 Ma that lasted 100 Myr, and a protracted bombardment typified by a sudden increase in impactor flux at ca. 4100-4200 Ma with a correspondingly longer decay time (<= 400 Myr). Numerical models for each of the four bombardment scenarios cited above show that the martian crust mostly escaped exogenic melting from bombardment. We find that depending on the chosen scenario, other physical effects of impacts were more important than melt generation. Model output shows that between 10 and 100% of the Noachian surface was covered by impact craters and blanketed in resultant (hot) ejecta. If early Mars was generally arid and cold, impact-induced heating punctuated this surface state by intermittently destabilizing the near-subsurface cryosphere to generate regional-scale hydrothermal systems. Rather than being deleterious to the proclivity of Noachian Mars to host an emergent biosphere, this intense early impact environment instead enhanced the volume and duration of its surface/subsurface geophysical habitable zone. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Abramov, Oleg] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Mojzsis, Stephen J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, CRiO, UCB 399,2200 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mojzsis, Stephen J.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci, Inst Geol & Geochem Res, 45 Budaorsi St, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary. RP Mojzsis, SJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, 2200 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mojzsis@colorado.edu FU John Templeton Foundation - FfAME Origins program; NASA Exobiology Program [NNH14ZDA001N-EXO]; NASA Cosmochemistry Program [NNH13ZDA001N-COS]; John Templeton Foundation; NASA Mars Fundamental Research Program [NNH14AX55I] FX This work benefited from discussions and debates with W.F. Bottke, R. Brasser, A. Kereszturi, D.A. Kring and S. Marchi. OA acknowledges the NASA Mars Fundamental Research Program (NNH14AX55I) in support of this work. SJM is grateful for support from the John Templeton Foundation - FfAME Origins program, the NASA Exobiology Program under grant NNH14ZDA001N-EXO, and the NASA Cosmochemistry Program (NNH13ZDA001N-COS). SJM also acknowledges sabbatical leave support from the Earth-Life Science Institute (ELSI) at Tokyo Institute of Technology. Copyediting by USGS volunteer K. Bebell is also gratefully acknowledged. A portion of the manuscript was completed while SJM was in residence as a Distinguished Research Professor at the Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Center for Astronomy and Earth Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. This is a contribution of the Collaborative for Research in Origins (CRiO), which is funded by the John Templeton Foundation. NR 92 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2016 VL 442 BP 108 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.035 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DL0US UT WOS:000375348700011 ER PT J AU de Moor, JM Aiuppa, A Pacheco, J Avard, G Kern, C Liuzzo, M Martinez, M Giudice, G Fischer, TP AF de Moor, J. M. Aiuppa, A. Pacheco, J. Avard, G. Kern, C. Liuzzo, M. Martinez, M. Giudice, G. Fischer, T. P. TI Short-period volcanic gas precursors to phreatic eruptions: Insights from Pods Volcano, Costa Rica SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE volcanic gas; phreatic eruption; eruption precursor; volcanic lake; hydrothermal system; Poas volcano ID MAGMATIC-HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; CRATER LAKE SYSTEM; POAS VOLCANO; SULFUR; CHEMISTRY; GEOCHEMISTRY; COLOMBIA AB Volcanic eruptions involving interaction with water are amongst the most violent and unpredictable geologic phenomena on Earth. Phreatic eruptions are exceptionally difficult to forecast by traditional geophysical techniques. Here we report on short-term precursory variations in gas emissions related to phreatic blasts at Poas volcano, Costa Rica, as measured with an in situ multiple gas analyzer that was deployed at the edge of the erupting lake. Gas emitted from this hyper-acid crater lake approaches magmatic values of SO2/CO2 1-6 days prior to eruption. The SO2 flux derived from magmatic degassing through the lake is measureable by differential optical absorption spectrometry (sporadic campaign measurements), which allows us to constrain lake gas output and input for the major gas species during eruptive and non-eruptive periods. We can further calculate power supply to the hydrothermal system using volatile mass balance and thermodynamics, which indicates that the magmatic heat flux into the shallow hydrothermal system increases from 27 MW during quiescence to 59 MW during periods of phreatic events. These transient pulses of gas and heat from the deeper magmatic system generate both phreatic eruptions and the observed short-term changes in gas composition, because at high gas flux scrubbing of sulfur by the hydrothermal system is both kinetically and thermodynamically inhibited whereas CO2 gas is always essentially inert in hyperacid conditions. Thus, the SO2/CO2 of lake emissions approaches magmatic values as gas and power supply to the sub-limnic hydrothermal system increase, vaporizing fluids and priming the hydrothermal system for eruption. Our results suggest that high frequency real-time gas monitoring could provide useful short-term eruptive precursors at volcanoes prone to phreatic explosions. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). C1 [de Moor, J. M.; Pacheco, J.; Avard, G.; Martinez, M.] Univ Nacl, Observatorio Vulcanol & Sismol Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica. [de Moor, J. M.; Fischer, T. P.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [de Moor, J. M.; Aiuppa, A.] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento DiSTeM, Palermo, Italy. [Aiuppa, A.; Liuzzo, M.; Giudice, G.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Palermo, Palermo, Italy. [Kern, C.] Cascades Volcano Observ, USGS Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, Vancouver, WA USA. RP de Moor, JM (reprint author), Univ Nacl, Observatorio Vulcanol & Sismol Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica. EM maartenjdemoor@gmail.com FU Deep Carbon Observatory Deep Earth Carbon Degassing program; European Research Council (FP7/ERC grant) [305377]; Comision Nacional de Prevention de Riesgos y Atencion de Emergencias (CNE Costa Rica); USAID Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance FX This project was supported through funding from the Deep Carbon Observatory Deep Earth Carbon Degassing program, as well as from the European Research Council (FP7/ERC grant agreement no. 305377), the Comision Nacional de Prevention de Riesgos y Atencion de Emergencias (CNE Costa Rica), and the USAID Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance. Guillermo Alvarado and Cyril Mullner are thanked for insightful discussions. Cindy Werner, Matthew Kirk, and Simon Robson are thanked for external reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript. Two anonymous reviewers and Tamsin Mather (editor) are thanked for their helpful comments, which improved the quality of this work. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2016 VL 442 BP 218 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.056 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DL0US UT WOS:000375348700021 ER PT J AU Homan, C Beier, C McCay, T Lawrence, G AF Homan, Caitlin Beier, Colin McCay, Timothy Lawrence, Gregory TI Application of lime (CaCO3) to promote forest recovery from severe acidification increases potential for earthworm invasion SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Acid rain; Ecosystem restoration; Northern hardwood forest; Lumbricus terrestris; Soil chemistry; Invasive species ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; CENTRAL NEW-YORK; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; EXOTIC EARTHWORM; SOIL PROPERTIES; LUMBRICUS-TERRESTRIS; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; COMMON GARDEN; CALCIUM; LITTER AB The application of lime (calcium carbonate) may be a cost-effective strategy to promote forest ecosystem recovery from acid impairment, under contemporary low levels of acidic deposition. However, liming acidified soils may create more suitable habitat for invasive earthworms that cause significant damage to forest floor communities and may disrupt ecosystem processes. We investigated the potential effects of liming in acidified soils where earthworms are rare in conjunction with a whole-ecosystem liming experiment in the chronically acidified forests of the western Adirondacks (USA). Using a microcosm experiment that replicated the whole-ecosystem treatment, we evaluated effects of soil liming on Lumbricus terrestris survivorship and biomass growth. We found that a moderate lime application (raising pH from 3.1 to 3.7) dramatically increased survival and biomass of L. terrestris, likely via increases in soil pH and associated reductions in inorganic aluminum, a known toxin. Very few L terrestris individuals survived in unlimed soils, whereas earthworms in limed soils survived, grew, and rapidly consumed leaf litter. We supplemented this experiment with field surveys of extant earthworm communities along a gradient of soil pH in Adirondack hardwood forests, ranging from severely acidified (pH < 3) to well buffered (pH > 5). In the field, no earthworms were observed where soil pH < 3.6. Abundance and species richness of earthworms was greatest in areas where soil pH > 4.4 and human dispersal vectors, including proximity to roads and public fishing access, were most prevalent. Overall our results suggest that moderate lime additions can be sufficient to increase earthworm invasion risk where dispersal vectors are present. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Homan, Caitlin; Beier, Colin] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [McCay, Timothy] Colgate Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA. [Lawrence, Gregory] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY USA. RP Beier, C (reprint author), 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM cbeier@esf.edu FU New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA); SUNY ESF; U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors wish to thank Peter Ducey for assistance with earthworm identification, as well as guidance with the development and review of this study, Stephen Stehmen for statistical recommendations, Patricia Dombrowski for help with field data collection, and the Adirondack League Club for their logistical support. This research was supported by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA), SUNY ESF and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2016 VL 368 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.03.002 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DK8FE UT WOS:000375161800005 ER PT J AU Cao, XY Aiken, GR Spencer, RGM Butler, K Mao, JD Schmidt-Rohr, K AF Cao, Xiaoyan Aiken, George R. Spencer, Robert G. M. Butler, Kenna Mao, Jingdong Schmidt-Rohr, Klaus TI Novel insights from NMR spectroscopy into seasonal changes in the composition of dissolved organic matter exported to the Bering Sea by the Yukon River SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; LARGE ARCTIC RIVERS; C-13 NMR; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PERMAFROST THAW; CROSS-POLARIZATION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON-CYCLE; FRESH-WATER AB Seasonal (spring freshet, summer-autumn, and winter) variability in the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the Yukon River was determined using advanced one-and two-dimensional (2D) solid-state NMR spectroscopy, coupled with isotopic measurements and UV-visible spectroscopy. Analyses were performed on two major DOM fractions, the hydrophobic organic acid (HPOA) and transphilic organic acid (TPIA) fractions obtained using XAD resins. Together these two fractions comprised 64-74% of the total DOM. Carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM) accounted for the majority of carbon atoms in the HPOA (63-77%) and TPIA (54-78%) samples, and more so in winter and summer than in spring samples. 2D and selective NMR data revealed association of abundant nonprotonated O-alkyl and quaternary alkyl C (OCnp, OCnpO and C-q, 13-17% of HPOA and 15-20% of TPIA) and isolated O-CH structures with CRAM, which were not recognized in previous studies. Spectral editing and 2D NMR allowed for the discrimination of carbohydrate-like O-alkyl C from non-carbohydrate O-alkyl C. Whereas two spring freshet TPIA samples contained carbohydrate clusters such as carboxylated carbohydrates (16% and 26%), TPIA samples from other seasons or HPOA samples mostly had small amounts (<8%) of sugar rings dispersed in a nonpolar alkyl environment. Though nonprotonated aromatic C represented the largest fraction of aromatic C in all HPOA/TPIA isolates, only a small fraction (similar to 5% in HPOA and 3% in TPIA) was possibly associated with dissolved black carbon. Our results imply a relatively stable portion of DOM exported by the Yukon River across different seasons, due to the predominance of CRAM and their associated nonprotonated C-O and O-C-O structures, and elevated reactivity (bio- and photo-lability) of spring DOM due to the presence of terrestrial inputs enriched in carbohydrates and aromatic structures. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cao, Xiaoyan; Mao, Jingdong] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Aiken, George R.; Butler, Kenna] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Spencer, Robert G. M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Cao, Xiaoyan; Schmidt-Rohr, Klaus] Brandeis Univ, Dept Chem, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. RP Mao, JD (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.; Aiken, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM graiken@usgs.gov; jmao@odu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was funded by the National Research Program and Climate Effects Network of the Water, Climate, and Land Use Change Mission Areas of the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Paul Schuster, Mark Dornblaser, David Butman, and the field staff of the USGS Alaska Science Center for their assistance collecting samples. We also thank Jack McGeehin (USGS) for assistance with obtaining C isotope analyses. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that prompted our improved presentation of the data. NR 80 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY 15 PY 2016 VL 181 BP 72 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2016.02.029 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DI6OE UT WOS:000373618200005 ER PT J AU Liu, ZYC Radebaugh, J Harris, RA Christiansen, EH Neish, CD Kirk, RL Lorenz, RD AF Liu, Zac Yung-Chun Radebaugh, Jani Harris, Ron A. Christiansen, Eric H. Neish, Catherine D. Kirk, Randolph L. Lorenz, Ralph D. CA Cassini RADAR Team TI The tectonics of Titan: Global structural mapping from Cassini RADAR SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan, surface; Satellites, surfaces; Tectonics; Radar observations; Geological processes ID SURFACE; TOPOGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; FEATURES; SHAPE; CONTRACTION; MORPHOLOGY; MOUNTAINS; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS AB The Cassini RADAR mapper has imaged elevated mountain ridge belts on Titan with a linear-to-arcuate morphology indicative of a tectonic origin. Systematic geomorphologic mapping of the ridges in Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) images reveals that the orientation of ridges is globally E-W and the ridges are more common near the equator than the poles. Comparison with a global topographic map reveals the equatorial ridges are found to lie preferentially at higher-than-average elevations. We conclude the most reasonable formation scenario for Titan's ridges is that contractional tectonism built the ridges and thickened the icy lithosphere near the equator, causing regional uplift. The combination of global and regional tectonic events, likely contractional in nature, followed by erosion, aeolian activity, and enhanced sedimentation at mid-to-high latitudes, would have led to regional infilling and perhaps covering of some mountain features, thus shaping Titan's tectonic landforms and surface morphology into what we see today. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Zac Yung-Chun; Radebaugh, Jani; Harris, Ron A.; Christiansen, Eric H.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Liu, Zac Yung-Chun] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Neish, Catherine D.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Neish, Catherine D.] Univ Western Ontario, Ctr Planetary Sci & Explorat, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Kirk, Randolph L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Div, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Liu, ZYC (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA.; Liu, ZYC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM zacycliu@asu.edu OI Liu, Zac Yung-Chun/0000-0002-0927-3748; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Christiansen, Eric/0000-0002-1108-5260 FU Graduate Research Fellowship at Brigham Young University, United States FX We wish to acknowledge the Cassini RADAR team for acquiring and processing the SAR data and we are grateful to all who developed and operate the Cassini-Huygens mission. Barry Bickmore, Simon A. Kattenhorn and Amanda L. Nahm provided invaluable discussion and encouragement. Z.Y.-C.L. was supported by a Graduate Research Fellowship at Brigham Young University, United States. NR 90 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY 15 PY 2016 VL 270 BP 14 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.021 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DI1IE UT WOS:000373249000003 ER PT J AU Neish, CD Molaro, JL Lora, JM Howard, AD Kirk, RL Schenk, P Bray, VJ Lorenz, RD AF Neish, C. D. Molaro, J. L. Lora, J. M. Howard, A. D. Kirk, R. L. Schenk, P. Bray, V. J. Lorenz, R. D. TI Fluvial erosion as a mechanism for crater modification on Titan SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Impact processes; Titan, hydrology; Titan, surface ID HUYGENS LANDING SITE; GALILEAN SATELLITES; SOIL PRODUCTION; IMPACT CRATER; SURFACE; EVOLUTION; SIMULATIONS; TOPOGRAPHY; LANDSCAPE; INCISION AB There are few identifiable impact craters on Titan, especially in the polar regions. One explanation for this observation is that the craters are being destroyed through fluvial processes, such as weathering, mass wasting, fluvial incision and deposition. In this work, we use a landscape evolution model to determine whether or not this is a viable mechanism for crater destruction on Titan. We find that fluvial degradation can modify craters to the point where they would be unrecognizable by an orbiting spacecraft such as Cassini, given enough time and a large enough erosion rate. A difference in the erosion rate between the equator and the poles of a factor of a few could explain the latitudinal variation in Titan's crater population. Fluvial erosion also removes central peaks and fills in central pits, possibly explaining their infrequent occurrence in Titan craters. Although many craters on Titan appear to be modified by aeolian infilling, fluvial modification is necessary to explain the observed impact crater morphologies. Thus, it is an important secondary modification process even in Titan's drier equatorial regions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Neish, C. D.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Molaro, J. L.; Bray, V. J.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lora, J. M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Howard, A. D.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Schenk, P.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3303 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Lorenz, R. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Neish, CD (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. EM cneish@uwo.ca OI Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lora, Juan/0000-0001-9925-1050 FU NASA Outer Planets Research Program [NNH11ZDA001N-OPR] FX We wish to acknowledge the Cassini RADAR team for acquiring and processing the data presented here. We also wish to thank M. Malaska, C. Wood, guest editor A. Hayes, and two anonymous reviewers for input that helped to improve the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the NASA Outer Planets Research Program (NNH11ZDA001N-OPR) to C.N. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY 15 PY 2016 VL 270 BP 114 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.07.022 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DI1IE UT WOS:000373249000011 ER PT J AU Lopes, RMC Malaska, MJ Solomonidou, A Le Gall, A Janssen, MA Neish, CD Turtle, EP Birch, SPD Hayes, AG Radebaugh, J Coustenis, A Schoenfeld, A Stiles, BW Kirk, RL Mitchell, KL Stofan, ER Lawrence, KJ AF Lopes, Rosaly M. C. Malaska, M. J. Solomonidou, A. Le Gall, A. Janssen, M. A. Neish, C. D. Turtle, E. P. Birch, S. P. D. Hayes, A. G. Radebaugh, J. Coustenis, A. Schoenfeld, A. Stiles, B. W. Kirk, R. L. Mitchell, K. L. Stofan, E. R. Lawrence, K. J. CA Cassini RADAR Team TI Nature, distribution, and origin of Titan's Undifferentiated Plains SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Satellites, surface; Titan, surface; Titan; Radar observations; Infrared observations ID CASSINI RADAR OBSERVATIONS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; DUNE FIELDS; SURFACE; ATMOSPHERE; VIMS; THOLINS; SPECTRA; IMAGES; MODEL AB The Undifferentiated Plains on Titan, first mapped by Lopes et al. (Lopes, R.M.C. et al., 2010. Icarus, 205, 540-588), are vast expanses of terrains that appear radar-dark and fairly uniform in Cassini Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. As a result, these terrains are often referred to as "blandlands". While the interpretation of several other geologic units on Titan - such as dunes, lakes, and well-preserved impact craters - has been relatively straightforward, the origin of the Undifferentiated Plains has remained elusive. SAR images show that these "blandlands" are mostly found at mid-latitudes and appear relatively featureless at radar wavelengths, with no major topographic features. Their gradational boundaries and paucity of recognizable features in SAR data make geologic interpretation particularly challenging. We have mapped the distribution of these terrains using SAR swaths up to flyby T92 (July 2013), which cover >50% of Titan's surface. We compared SAR images with other data sets where available, including topography derived from the SARTopo method and stereo DEMs, the response from RADAR radiometry, hyperspectral imaging data from Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS), and near infrared imaging from the Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS). We examined and evaluated different formation mechanisms, including (i) cryovolcanic origin, consisting of overlapping flows of low relief or (ii) sedimentary origins, resulting from fluvial/lacustrine or aeolian deposition, or accumulation of photolysis products created in the atmosphere. Our analysis indicates that the Undifferentiated Plains unit is consistent with a composition predominantly containing organic rather than icy materials and formed by depositional and/or sedimentary processes. We conclude that aeolian processes played a major part in the formation of the Undifferentiated Plains; however, other processes (fluvial, deposition of photolysis products) are likely to have contributed, possibly in differing proportions depending on location. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lopes, Rosaly M. C.; Malaska, M. J.; Solomonidou, A.; Janssen, M. A.; Schoenfeld, A.; Stiles, B. W.; Mitchell, K. L.; Lawrence, K. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Solomonidou, A.; Coustenis, A.] Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LESIA,Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Le Gall, A.] UVSQ, Lab Atmospheres, Milieux, Observat Spatiales LATMOS, Guyancourt, France. [Neish, C. D.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Turtle, E. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Birch, S. P. D.; Hayes, A. G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Radebaugh, J.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Stofan, E. R.] UCL, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Mortimer St, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Lopes, RMC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016; OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167; Malaska, Michael/0000-0003-0064-5258; Birch, Samuel/0000-0002-4578-1694 NR 97 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY 15 PY 2016 VL 270 BP 162 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.034 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DI1IE UT WOS:000373249000013 ER PT J AU Adamkovics, M Mitchell, JL Hayes, AG Rojo, PM Collies, P Barnes, JW Ivanov, VD Brown, RH Baines, KH Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Nicholson, PD Sotin, C AF Adamkovics, Mate Mitchell, Jonathan L. Hayes, Alexander G. Rojo, Patricio M. Collies, Paul Barnes, Jason W. Ivanov, Valentin D. Brown, Robert H. Baines, Kevin H. Buratti, Bonnie J. Clark, Roger N. Nicholson, Philip D. Sotin, Christophe TI Meridional variation in tropospheric methane on Titan observed with AO spectroscopy at Keck and VLT SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan, atmosphere; Adaptive optics; Atmospheres, evolution; Atmospheres, structure ID MU-M; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; MIDLATITUDE CLOUDS; HYDROCARBON LAKES; CASSINI RADAR; DUNE FIELDS; ATMOSPHERE; SURFACE; MODEL; CYCLE AB The spatial distribution of the tropospheric methane on Titan was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy. Ground-based observations at 1.5 mu m (H-band) were performed during the same night using instruments with adaptive optics at both the W.M. Keck Observatory and at the Paranal Observatory on 17 July 2014 UT. The integral field observations with SINFONI on the VLT covered the entire H-band at moderate resolving power, R = lambda/Delta lambda approximate to 1500, while the Keck observations were performed with NIRSPAO near 1.5525 mu m at higher resolution, R approximate to 25, 000. The moderate resolution observations are used for flux calibration and for the determination of model parameters that can be degenerate in the interpretation of high resolution spectra. Line-by-line calculations of CH4 and CH3D correlated k distributions from the HITRAN 2012 database were used, which incorporate revised line assignments near 1.5 mu m. We fit the surface albedo and aerosol distributions in the VLT SINFONI observations that cover the entire H-band window and used these quantities to constrain the models of the high-resolution Keck NIRSPAO spectra when retrieving the methane abundances. Cassini VIMS images of the polar regions, acquired on 20 July 2014 UT, are used to validate the assumption that the opacity of tropospheric aerosol is relatively uniform below 10 km. We retrieved methane abundances at latitudes between 42 degrees S and 80 degrees N. The tropospheric methane in the Southern mid-latitudes was enhanced by a factor of similar to 10-40% over the nominal profile that was measured using the GCMS on Huygens. The northern hemisphere had similar to 90% of the nominal methane abundance up to polar latitudes (80 degrees N). These measurements suggest that a source of saturated polar air is equilibrating with dryer conditions at lower latitudes. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Adamkovics, Mate] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mitchell, Jonathan L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Mitchell, Jonathan L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hayes, Alexander G.; Collies, Paul] Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rojo, Patricio M.] Univ Chile, Camino Observ 1515,Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile. [Barnes, Jason W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Ivanov, Valentin D.] European So Observ, Ave Alonso de Cordova 3107,Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile. [Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Baines, Kevin H.] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Buratti, Bonnie J.; Sotin, Christophe] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nicholson, Philip D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Adamkovics, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mate@berkeley.edu RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Rojo, Patricio/I-5765-2016; OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Ivanov, Valentin/0000-0002-5963-1283 FU NASA PAAST Grants [NNX14AG82G, NNX12AM81G]; NSF [AST-1008788]; FONDECYT [1120299]; W.M. Keck Foundation FX This work was supported by NASA PAAST Grants NNX14AG82G and NNX12AM81G. MA was supported in part by NSF AST-1008788. PMR was supported by FONDECYT Grant #1120299. We wish to acknowledge Jonathan I. Lunine and Elizabeth P. Turtle, who are members of the VLT SINFONI cloud observing campaign that provided the SINFONI observations presented here. Some of the data presented were obtained at the W.M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W.M. Keck Foundation. The authors wish to recognize the significant cultural role that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY 15 PY 2016 VL 270 BP 376 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.05.023 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DI1IE UT WOS:000373249000027 ER PT J AU Thorn, KA Cox, LG AF Thorn, Kevin A. Cox, Larry G. TI Nitrosation and Nitration of Fulvic Acid, Peat and Coal with Nitric Acid SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ARGONNE PREMIUM COALS; SOLID-STATE NMR; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; NITROHUMIC ACIDS; ORGANIC-MATTER; N-15; C-13; HYDROXYLAMINE AB Nitrohumic acids, produced from base extraction of coals and peats oxidized with nitric acid, have received considerable attention as soil ammendments in agriculture. The nitration chemistry however is incompletely understood. Moreover, there is a need to understand the reaction of nitric acid with natural organic matter (NOM) in general, in the context of a variety of environmental and biogeochemical processes. Suwannee River NOM, Suwannee River fulvic acid, and Pahokee Peat fulvic acid were treated with N-15-labeled nitric acid at concentrations ranging from 15% to 22% and analyzed by liquid and solid state N-15 NMR spectroscopy. Bulk Pahokee peat and Illinois #6 coal were also treated with nitric acid, at 29% and 40% respectively, and analyzed by solid state N-15 NMR spectroscopy. In addition to nitro groups from nitration of aromatic carbon, the N-15 NMR spectra of all five samples exhibited peaks attributable to nitrosation reactions. These include nitrosophenol peaks in the peat fulvic acid and Suwannee River samples, from nitrosation of phenolic rings, and N-nitroso groups in the peat samples, from nitrosation of secondary amides or amines, the latter consistent with the peat samples having the highest naturally abundant nitrogen contents. Peaks attributable to Beckmann and secondary reactions of the initially formed oximes were present in all spectra, including primary amide, secondary amide, lactam, and nitrile nitrogens. The degree of secondary reaction product formation resulting from nitrosation reactions appeared to correlate inversely with the C-13 aromaticities of the samples. The nitrosation reactions are most plausibly effected by nitrous acid formed from the reduction of nitric acid by oxidizable substrates in the NOM and coal samples. C1 [Thorn, Kevin A.; Cox, Larry G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 408, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Thorn, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 408, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kathorn@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX The U.S. Geological Survey provided salaries, operational costs and supplies. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 13 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 5 AR e0154981 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0154981 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DM8CX UT WOS:000376589400056 PM 27175784 ER EF