FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Suryan, RM Kuletz, KJ Parker-Stetter, SL Ressler, PH Renner, M Horne, JK Farley, EV Labunski, EA AF Suryan, Robert M. Kuletz, Kathy J. Parker-Stetter, Sandra L. Ressler, Patrick H. Renner, Martin Horne, John K. Farley, Edward V. Labunski, Elizabeth A. TI Temporal shifts in seabird populations and spatial coherence with prey in the southeastern Bering Sea SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Seabird; Forage fish; Krill; Spatial models; Seasonal patterns ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SHORT-TAILED SHEARWATERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; WALLEYE POLLOCK; MARINE-BIRD; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SCHOOLING FISH; BEAUFORT SEAS AB The Bering Sea is a highly productive ecosystem with abundant prey populations in the summer that support some of the largest seabird colonies in the Northern Hemisphere. In the fall, the Bering Sea is used by large numbers of migrants and post-breeding seabirds. We used over 22 000 km of vessel-based surveys carried out during summer (June to July) and fall (late August to October) from 2008 to 2010 over the southeast Bering Sea to examine annual and seasonal changes in seabird communities and spatial relationships with concurrently sampled prey. Deep-diving murres Uria spp., shallow-diving shearwaters Ardenna spp., and surface-foraging northern fulmars Fulmarus glacialis and kittiwakes Rissa spp. dominated summer and fall seabird communities. Seabird densities in summer were generally less than half of fall densities and species richness was lower in summer than in fall. Summer seabird densities had high interannual variation (highest in 2009), whereas fall densities varied little among years. Seabirds were more spatially clustered around breeding colonies and the outer continental shelf in the summer and then dispersed throughout the middle and inner shelf in fall. In summer, the abundance of age-1 walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus along with spatial (latitude and longitude) and temporal (year) variables best explained broad-scale seabird distribution. In contrast, seabirds in fall had weaker associations with spatial and temporal variables and stronger associations with different prey species or groups. Our results demonstrate seasonal shifts in the distribution and foraging patterns of seabirds in the southeastern Bering Sea with a greater dependence on prey occurring over the middle and inner shelf in fall. C1 [Suryan, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Kuletz, Kathy J.; Labunski, Elizabeth A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Parker-Stetter, Sandra L.; Horne, John K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ressler, Patrick H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Renner, Martin] Tern Again Consulting, 308 E Bayview Ave, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Farley, Edward V.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Parker-Stetter, Sandra L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resources Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Suryan, RM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM rob.suryan@oregonstate.edu FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center; National Marine Fisheries Service; NOAA; US Fish and Wildlife Service; North Pacific Research Board; National Science Foundation as part of the BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project; BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [178] FX We thank the many scientists who collected the seabird and fisheries data and the captains and crews of the research vessels used in these efforts. This work was supported in part by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the North Pacific Research Board and National Science Foundation as part of the BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project. Drafts of this manuscript benefited from comments by J. Zamon and 2 anonymous reviewers. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, or the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. This paper is BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication #178 and NPRB publication number #581. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD MAY 10 PY 2016 VL 549 BP 199 EP 215 DI 10.3354/meps11653 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DM5GR UT WOS:000376376200016 ER PT J AU Eganhouse, RP AF Eganhouse, Robert P. TI Determination of polydimethylsiloxane-water partition coefficients for ten 1-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene-related compounds and twelve polychlorinated biphenyls using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (vol 1438, pg 226, 2016) SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Correction C1 [Eganhouse, Robert P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Eganhouse, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM eganhous@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAY 6 PY 2016 VL 1445 BP 172 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.028 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA DL4TU UT WOS:000375630900021 PM 27067492 ER PT J AU Burton, CA Hoefen, TM Plumlee, GS Baumberger, KL Backlin, AR Gallegos, E Fisher, RN AF Burton, Carmen A. Hoefen, Todd M. Plumlee, Geoffrey S. Baumberger, Katherine L. Backlin, Adam R. Gallegos, Elizabeth Fisher, Robert N. TI Trace Elements in Stormflow, Ash, and Burned Soil following the 2009 Station Fire in Southern California SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WOOD-ASH; WILDFIRE; METALS; REGIMES; MODEL AB Most research on the effects of wildfires on stream water quality has focused on suspended sediment and nutrients in streams and water bodies, and relatively little research has examined the effects of wildfires on trace elements. The purpose of this study was two-fold: 1) to determine the effect of the 2009 Station Fire in the Angeles National Forest northeast of Los Angeles, CA on trace element concentrations in streams, and 2) compare trace elements in post-fire stormflow water quality to criteria for aquatic life to determine if trace elements reached concentrations that can harm aquatic life. Pre-storm and stormflow water-quality samples were collected in streams located inside and outside of the burn area of the Station Fire. Ash and burned soil samples were collected from several locations within the perimeter of the Station Fire. Filtered concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Hg and total concentrations of most trace elements in storm samples were elevated as a result of the Station Fire. In contrast, filtered concentrations of Cu, Pb, Ni, and Se and total concentrations of Cu were elevated primarily due to storms and not the Station Fire. Total concentrations of Se and Zn were elevated as a result of both storms and the Station Fire. Suspended sediment in storm-flows following the Station Fire was an important transport mechanism for trace elements. Cu, Pb, and Zn primarily originate from ash in the suspended sediment. Fe primarily originates from burned soil in the suspended sediment. As, Mn, and Ni originate from both ash and burned soil. Filtered concentrations of trace elements in stormwater samples affected by the Station Fire did not reach levels that were greater than criteria established for aquatic life. Total concentrations for Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn were detected at concentrations above criteria established for aquatic life. C1 [Burton, Carmen A.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Hoefen, Todd M.; Plumlee, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Baumberger, Katherine L.; Backlin, Adam R.; Gallegos, Elizabeth] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Ana, CA USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Burton, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. EM caburton@usgs.gov FU Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) Program; Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was supported by Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) Program and the Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 4 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 5 AR e0153372 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0153372 PG 26 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DL5KR UT WOS:000375676400012 PM 27144270 ER PT J AU Walters, DM Jardine, TD Cade, BS Kidd, KA Muir, DCG Leipzig-Scott, P AF Walters, D. M. Jardine, T. D. Cade, B. S. Kidd, K. A. Muir, D. C. G. Leipzig-Scott, P. TI Trophic Magnification of Organic Chemicals: A Global Synthesis SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE FOOD WEBS; BIOTRANSFORMATION RATES; PARTITION-COEFFICIENT; PLANETARY BOUNDARY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; BIOACCUMULATION; FISH; BIOMAGNIFICATION; POLLUTANTS; ECOSYSTEMS AB Production of organic chemicals (OCs) is increasing exponentially, and some OCs biomagnify through food webs to potentially toxic levels. Biomagnification under field conditions is best described by trophic magnification factors (TMFs; per trophic level change in log-concentration of a chemical) which have been measured for more than two decades. Syntheses of TMF behavior relative to chemical traits and ecosystem properties are lacking. We analyzed >1500 TMFs to identify OCs predisposed to biomagnify and to assess ecosystem vulnerability. The highest TMFs were for OCs that are slowly metabolized by animals (metabolic rate k(M) < 0.01 day(-1)) and are moderately hydrophobic (log K-ow 6-8). TMFs were more variable in marine than freshwaters, unrelated to latitude, and highest in food webs containing endotherms. We modeled the probability that any OC would biomagnify as a combined function of Kow and kM. Probability is greatest (similar to 100%) for slowly metabolized compounds, regardless of Kow, and lowest for chemicals with rapid transformation rates (k(M) > 0.2 day(-1)). This probabilistic model provides a new global tool for screening existing and new OCs for their biomagnification potential. C1 [Walters, D. M.; Cade, B. S.; Leipzig-Scott, P.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Jardine, T. D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada. [Kidd, K. A.] Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, 100 Tucker Pk Rd, St John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada. [Kidd, K. A.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, 100 Tucker Pk Rd, St John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada. [Muir, D. C. G.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Aquat Contaminants Res Div, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada. RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM waltersd@usgs.gov FU USEPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative grant; Canada Research Chair; NSERC programs FX J. Miller helped with data acquisition, and L. Burkhard reviewed the manuscript. This work was supported through a USEPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative grant (DMW) and the Canada Research Chair and NSERC programs (KAK). This research was subjected to USGS review and approved for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 3 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 9 BP 4650 EP 4658 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b00201 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DL3GE UT WOS:000375521400008 PM 27014905 ER PT J AU Lubow, BC Ransom, JI AF Lubow, Bruce C. Ransom, Jason I. TI Practical Bias Correction in Aerial Surveys of Large Mammals: Validation of Hybrid Double-Observer with Sightability Method against Known Abundance of Feral Horse (Equus caballus) Populations SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MARK-RECAPTURE; CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; VISIBILITY BIAS; WILDLIFE; MODEL; ELK; ESTIMATORS; ACCURACY; DISTANCE; COUNTS AB Reliably estimating wildlife abundance is fundamental to effective management. Aerial surveys are one of the only spatially robust tools for estimating large mammal populations, but statistical sampling methods are required to address detection biases that affect accuracy and precision of the estimates. Although various methods for correcting aerial survey bias are employed on large mammal species around the world, these have rarely been rigorously validated. Several populations of feral horses (Equus caballus) in the western United States have been intensively studied, resulting in identification of all unique individuals. This provided a rare opportunity to test aerial survey bias correction on populations of known abundance. We hypothesized that a hybrid method combining simultaneous double-observer and sightability bias correction techniques would accurately estimate abundance. We validated this integrated technique on populations of known size and also on a pair of surveys before and after a known number was removed. Our analysis identified several covariates across the surveys that explained and corrected biases in the estimates. All six tests on known populations produced estimates with deviations from the known value ranging from -8.5% to +13.7% and <0.7 standard errors. Precision varied widely, from 6.1% CV to 25.0% CV. In contrast, the pair of surveys conducted around a known management removal produced an estimated change in population between the surveys that was significantly larger than the known reduction. Although the deviation between was only 9.1%, the precision estimate (CV = 1.6%) may have been artificially low. It was apparent that use of a helicopter in those surveys perturbed the horses, introducing detection error and heterogeneity in a manner that could not be corrected by our statistical models. Our results validate the hybrid method, highlight its potentially broad applicability, identify some limitations, and provide insight and guidance for improving survey designs. C1 [Lubow, Bruce C.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ransom, Jason I.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Lubow, Bruce C.] 1821 Willow Springs Way, Ft Collins, CO 80528 USA. [Ransom, Jason I.] North Cascades Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, Sedro Woolley, WA 98284 USA. RP Ransom, JI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.; Ransom, JI (reprint author), North Cascades Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, Sedro Woolley, WA 98284 USA. EM Jason_I_Ransom@nps.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife Program; U.S. Bureau of Land Management; Colorado State University FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife Program in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and Colorado State University. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or Colorado State University. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 3 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 5 AR e0154902 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0154902 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DL5KK UT WOS:000375675700075 PM 27139732 ER PT J AU Brown, CR Brown, MB Roche, EA O'Brien, VA Page, CE AF Brown, Charles R. Brown, Mary Bomberger Roche, Erin A. O'Brien, Valerie A. Page, Catherine E. TI Fluctuating survival selection explains variation in avian group size SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE cliff swallow; coloniality; group size; natural selection; social behavior ID PARENT-OFFSPRING RESEMBLANCE; CLIFF SWALLOWS; PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; DIRECTIONAL SELECTION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; MARKED ANIMALS; COLONIAL BIRD; BEHAVIOR; ECTOPARASITISM; EVOLUTION AB Most animal groups vary extensively in size. Because individuals in certain sizes of groups often have higher apparent fitness than those in other groups, why wide group size variation persists in most populations remains unexplained. We used a 30-y mark-recapture study of colonially breeding cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) to show that the survival advantages of different colony sizes fluctuated among years. Colony size was under both stabilizing and directional selection in different years, and reversals in the sign of directional selection regularly occurred. Directional selection was predicted in part by drought conditions: birds in larger colonies tended to be favored in cooler and wetter years, and birds in smaller colonies in hotter and drier years. Oscillating selection on colony size likely reflected annual differences in food availability and the consequent importance of information transfer, and/or the level of ectoparasitism, with the net benefit of sociality varying under these different conditions. Averaged across years, there was no net directional change in selection on colony size. The wide range in cliff swallow group size is probably maintained by fluctuating survival selection and represents the first case, to our knowledge, in which fitness advantages of different group sizes regularly oscillate over time in a natural vertebrate population. C1 [Brown, Charles R.; Brown, Mary Bomberger; Roche, Erin A.; O'Brien, Valerie A.; Page, Catherine E.] Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Brown, Mary Bomberger] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Roche, Erin A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [O'Brien, Valerie A.] Tulsa Community Coll, Div Sci & Math, Metro Campus, Tulsa, OK 74119 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. EM charles-brown@utulsa.edu FU National Science Foundation [BSR-8600608, BSR-9015734, DEB-9613638, IBN-9974733, DEB-0075199, DEB-0514824, DEB-1019423, DEB-1453971]; National Institutes of Health [R01AI057569]; National Geographic Society; Erna and Victor Hasselblad Foundation; National Academy of Sciences; Chapman Fund of the American Museum of Natural History; American Philosophical Society; Sigma Xi; American Ornithologists' Union; University of Tulsa; Yale University; Princeton University FX We thank 71 research assistants for help in the field; Amy Moore for data management; the University of Nebraska-Lincoln for use of the Cedar Point Biological Station; the Oren Clary family, Duane Dunwoody, Dave and Deb Knight, Loren Soper, and the Union Pacific Railroad for access to land; and Warren Booth, John Hoogland, Terry Shaffer, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (BSR-8600608, BSR-9015734, DEB-9613638, IBN-9974733, DEB-0075199, DEB-0514824, DEB-1019423, DEB-1453971), the National Institutes of Health (R01AI057569), the National Geographic Society, the Erna and Victor Hasselblad Foundation, the National Academy of Sciences, the Chapman Fund of the American Museum of Natural History, the American Philosophical Society, Sigma Xi, the American Ornithologists' Union, the University of Tulsa, Yale University, and Princeton University. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 13 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 3 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 18 BP 5113 EP 5118 DI 10.1073/pnas.1600218113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DL1MH UT WOS:000375395700057 PM 27091998 ER PT J AU Prosser, DJ Palm, EC Takekawa, JY Zhao, DL Xiao, XM Li, P Liu, Y Newman, SH AF Prosser, Diann J. Palm, Eric C. Takekawa, John Y. Zhao, Delong Xiao, Xiangming Li, Peng Liu, Ying Newman, Scott H. TI Movement analysis of free-grazing domestic ducks in Poyang Lake, China: a disease connection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE disease transmission; domestic poultry; dynamic Brownian bridge movement model ID PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA; BROWNIAN BRIDGE MOVEMENT; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; FLOOD FREQUENCY; WILD BIRDS; VIRUS H5N1; MIGRATION; THAILAND; EVOLUTION AB Previous work suggests domestic poultry are important contributors to the emergence and transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza throughout Asia. In Poyang Lake, China, domestic duck production cycles are synchronized with arrival and departure of thousands of migratory wild birds in the area. During these periods, high densities of juvenile domestic ducks are in close proximity to migratory wild ducks, increasing the potential for the virus to be transmitted and subsequently disseminated via migration. In this paper, we use GPS dataloggers and dynamic Brownian bridge models to describe movements and habitat use of free-grazing domestic ducks in the Poyang Lake basin and identify specific areas that may have the highest risk of H5N1 transmission between domestic and wild birds. Specifically, we determine relative use by free-grazing domestic ducks of natural wetlands, which are the most heavily used areas by migratory wild ducks, and of rice paddies, which provide habitat for resident wild ducks and lower densities of migratory wild ducks. To our knowledge, this is the first movement study on domestic ducks, and our data show potential for free-grazing domestic ducks from farms located near natural wetlands to come in contact with wild waterfowl, thereby increasing the risk for disease transmission. This study provides an example of the importance of movement ecology studies in understanding dynamics such as disease transmission on a complicated landscape. C1 [Prosser, Diann J.; Palm, Eric C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] Natl Audubon Soc, Div Sci, San Francisco, CA USA. [Zhao, Delong; Xiao, Xiangming] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xiao, Xiangming] Fudan Univ, Inst Biodivers Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Li, Peng; Liu, Ying] Jiangxi Normal Univ, Sch Geog & Environm, Nanchang, Peoples R China. [Li, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Newman, Scott H.] United Nations FAO Vietnam, Emergency Ctr Transboundary Anim Dis, FAO, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Prosser, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. EM dprosser@usgs.gov OI Prosser, Diann/0000-0002-5251-1799 FU National Institutes of Health [NIH] [1R01AI101028-01A1]; United States Geological Survey; National Aeronautics and Space Administration Wild-Domestic Duck Interface and H5N1 Transmission (NASA) Public Health Program [NNX11AF66G]; National Science Foundation - National Institutes of Health - Ecology of Infectious Diseases program; United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization; National Institutes of Health - Fogarty International Center [R01-TW007869] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [NIH 1R01AI101028-01A1]; United States Geological Survey; National Aeronautics and Space Administration Wild-Domestic Duck Interface and H5N1 Transmission (NASA) Public Health Program [NNX11AF66G]; National Science Foundation - National Institutes of Health - Ecology of Infectious Diseases program; United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization; National Institutes of Health - Fogarty International Center [R01-TW007869]. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1365-8816 EI 1362-3087 J9 INT J GEOGR INF SCI JI Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. PD MAY 3 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 5 SI SI BP 869 EP 880 DI 10.1080/13658816.2015.1065496 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography; Geography, Physical; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Geography; Physical Geography; Information Science & Library Science GA DG8TD UT WOS:000372355600004 PM 27695384 ER PT J AU Wang, YW Luo, Z Takekawa, J Prosser, D Xiong, Y Newman, S Xiao, XM Batbayar, N Spragens, K Balachandran, S Yan, BP AF Wang, Yuwei Luo, Ze Takekawa, John Prosser, Diann Xiong, Yan Newman, Scott Xiao, Xiangming Batbayar, Nyambayar Spragens, Kyle Balachandran, Sivananinthaperumal Yan, Baoping TI A new method for discovering behavior patterns among animal movements SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE continuous behavior patterns; animal movements; Spatiotemporal data mining ID BIRDS; MIGRATION; SCHEDULES; AREAS; H5N1 AB Advanced satellite tracking technologies enable biologists to track animal movements at fine spatial and temporal scales. The resultant data present opportunities and challenges for understanding animal behavioral mechanisms. In this paper, we develop a new method to elucidate animal movement patterns from tracking data. Here, we propose the notion of continuous behavior patterns as a concise representation of popular migration routes and underlying sequential behaviors during migration. Each stage in the pattern is characterized in terms of space (i.e., the places traversed during movements) and time (i.e. the time spent in those places); that is, the behavioral state corresponding to a stage is inferred according to the spatiotemporal and sequential context. Hence, the pattern may be interpreted predictably. We develop a candidate generation and refinement framework to derive all continuous behavior patterns from raw trajectories. In the framework, we first define the representative spots to denote the underlying potential behavioral states that are extracted from individual trajectories according to the similarity of relaxed continuous locations in certain distinct time intervals. We determine the common behaviors of multiple individuals according to the spatiotemporal proximity of representative spots and apply a projection-based extension approach to generate candidate sequential behavior sequences as candidate patterns. Finally, the candidate generation procedure is combined with a refinement procedure to derive continuous behavior patterns. We apply an ordered processing strategy to accelerate candidate refinement. The proposed patterns and discovery framework are evaluated through conceptual experiments on both real GPS-tracking and large synthetic datasets. C1 [Wang, Yuwei] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yuwei; Luo, Ze; Xiong, Yan; Yan, Baoping] Chinese Acad Sci, Comp Network Informat Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Takekawa, John; Spragens, Kyle] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA USA. [Takekawa, John] Natl Audubon Soc, Div Sci, San Francisco, CA USA. [Prosser, Diann] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Newman, Scott] UN, EMPRES Wildlife Hlth & Ecol Unit, Anim Prod & Hlth Div, FAO, Rome, Italy. [Xiao, Xiangming] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Batbayar, Nyambayar] Wildlife Sci & Conservat Ctr, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Balachandran, Sivananinthaperumal] Bombay Nat Hist Soc, Hornbill House, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. RP Luo, Z (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Comp Network Informat Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM luoze@cnic.cn OI Prosser, Diann/0000-0002-5251-1799 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [61361126011, 90912006]; Special Project of Informatization of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 'the Twelfth Five-Year Plan' [XXH12504-1-06]; National R&D Infrastructure and Facility Development Program of China [BSDN2009-18]; Five Top Priorities of 'One-Three-Five' Strategic Planning, CNIC [CNIC_PY-1408, CNIC_PY-1409]; United States Geological Survey (Patuxent Wildlife Research Center); United States Geological Survey (Western Ecological Research Center); United States Geological Survey (Avian Influenza Program); United Nations FAO; Animal Production and Health Division, EMPRES Wildlife Unit; National Science Foundation Small Grants for Exploratory Research [0713027]; United States Geological Survey (Alaska Science Center) FX Funding was provided by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61361126011, No. 90912006; the Special Project of Informatization of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 'the Twelfth Five-Year Plan' under Grant No. XXH12504-1-06; The National R&D Infrastructure and Facility Development Program of China under Grant No. BSDN2009-18; Five Top Priorities of 'One-Three-Five' Strategic Planning, CNIC under Grant No. CNIC_PY-1408, No. CNIC_PY-1409; United States Geological Survey (Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Western Ecological Research Center, Alaska Science Center, and Avian Influenza Program); the United Nations FAO, Animal Production and Health Division, EMPRES Wildlife Unit; National Science Foundation Small Grants for Exploratory Research [No. 0713027]. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1365-8816 EI 1362-3087 J9 INT J GEOGR INF SCI JI Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. PD MAY 3 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 5 SI SI BP 929 EP 947 DI 10.1080/13658816.2015.1091462 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography; Geography, Physical; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Geography; Physical Geography; Information Science & Library Science GA DG8TD UT WOS:000372355600007 PM 27217810 ER PT J AU Katz, J Hafner, SD Donovan, T AF Katz, Jonathan Hafner, Sasha D. Donovan, Therese TI Assessment of Error Rates in Acoustic Monitoring with the R package monitoR SO BIOACOUSTICS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SOUND AND ITS RECORDING LA English DT Article DE Acoustics; spectrogram; correlation matching; template matching; template detection; monitoR ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AUTOMATED METHODS; SPECIES RICHNESS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; CONSERVATION; RECORDINGS; SOUNDS; TIME; LESSONS AB Detecting population-scale reactions to climate change and landuse change may require monitoring many sites for many years, a process that is suited for an automated system. We developed and tested monitoR, an R package for long-term, multi-taxa acoustic monitoring programs. We tested monitoR with two northeastern songbird species: black-throated green warbler (Setophaga virens) and ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla). We compared detection results from monitoR in 52 10-minute surveys recorded at 10 sites in Vermont and New York, USA to a subset of songs identified by a human that were of a single song type and had visually identifiable spectrograms (e.g. a signal: noise ratio of at least 10 dB: 166 out of 439 total songs for black-throated green warbler, 502 out of 990 total songs for ovenbird). monitoR's automated detection process uses a 'score cutoff', which is the minimum match needed for an unknown event to be considered a detection and results in a true positive, true negative, false positive or false negative detection. At the chosen score cutoffs, monitoR correctly identified presence for black-throated green warbler and ovenbird in 64% and 72% of the 52 surveys using binary point matching, respectively, and 73% and 72% of the 52 surveys using spectrogram cross-correlation, respectively. Of individual songs, 72% of black-throated green warbler songs and 62% of ovenbird songs were identified by binary point matching. Spectrogram cross-correlation identified 83% of black-throated green warbler songs and 66% of ovenbird songs. False positive rates were < 1% for song event detection. C1 [Katz, Jonathan] Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 302 Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Hafner, Sasha D.] Univ Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Alle 1, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark. [Donovan, Therese] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 302b Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Katz, J (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 302 Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM jkatz3@uvm.edu RI Hafner, Sasha/N-3970-2013 OI Hafner, Sasha/0000-0003-0955-0327 FU U.S. National Park Service [P10AC00288]; Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (VTCFWRU); U.S. Geological Survey; University of Vermont; Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife; Wildlife Management Institute FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Park Service [cooperative agreement P10AC00288] and the Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (VTCFWRU). The VTCFWRU is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Vermont, the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0952-4622 EI 2165-0586 J9 BIOACOUSTICS JI Bioacoustics PD MAY 3 PY 2016 VL 25 IS 2 BP 177 EP 196 DI 10.1080/09524622.2015.1133320 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DF9PI UT WOS:000371693100003 ER PT J AU Katz, J Hafner, SD Donovan, T AF Katz, Jonathan Hafner, Sasha D. Donovan, Therese TI Tools for automated acoustic monitoring within the R package monitoR SO BIOACOUSTICS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SOUND AND ITS RECORDING LA English DT Article DE Acoustics; spectrogram; correlation matching; template matching; template detection; wildlife monitoring ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; POINT COUNTS; TIME; CONSERVATION; EFFICIENCY; SOUNDS; FOREST AB The R package monitoR contains tools for managing an acoustic-monitoring program including survey metadata, template creation and manipulation, automated detection and results management. These tools are scalable for use with small projects as well as larger long-term projects and those with expansive spatial extents. Here, we describe typical workflow when using the tools in monitoR. Typical workflow utilizes a generic sequence of functions, with the option for either binary point matching or spectrogram cross-correlation detectors. C1 [Katz, Jonathan] Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT USA. [Hafner, Sasha D.] Univ Southern Denmark, Inst Chem Engn Biotechnol & Environm Technol, Odense M, Denmark. [Donovan, Therese] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT USA. RP Katz, J (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT USA. EM jkatz3@uvm.edu RI Hafner, Sasha/N-3970-2013 OI Hafner, Sasha/0000-0003-0955-0327 FU U.S. National Park Service [P10AC00288]; Vermont Cooperative Fish andWildlife Research Unit (VTCFWRU); U.S. Geological Survey; University of Vermont; Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife; Wildlife Management Institute FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Park Service [cooperative agreement P10AC00288]; the Vermont Cooperative Fish andWildlife Research Unit (VTCFWRU). The VTCFWRU is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Vermont, the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0952-4622 EI 2165-0586 J9 BIOACOUSTICS JI Bioacoustics PD MAY 3 PY 2016 VL 25 IS 2 BP 197 EP 210 DI 10.1080/09524622.2016.1138415 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DF9PI UT WOS:000371693100004 ER PT J AU Giroux, MA Ditlecadet, D Martin, LJ Lanctot, RB Lecomte, N AF Giroux, Marie-Andree Ditlecadet, Delphine Martin, Luc J. Lanctot, Richard B. Lecomte, Nicolas TI Sexing a sex-role-reversed species based on plumage: potential challenges in the red phalarope SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Charadriiformes; Phalaropus fulicarius; Shorebirds; Sexual dichromatism; Secondary sexual traits ID IGLOOLIK-ISLAND; COMPETITION; SELECTION; FEMALES; BIRDS AB Sex role reversal,in which ma lescalre for offspring, c anoccur when mate com peti ti on i s strongerbetween females t an males,secondarysex traits and mate attracting displays in sex-role-reversed species are usually more infemales thanin males. The redphalaroPe (PhalarcPusf. arias) is a textbook example of a sex role reversed species. It is generally agreed that males are responsible for all ncubation and parental care duties, whereas females typically desert males after having completed a clutch and may pair with new males to lay additional clutches. The breeding plumage of female red phalaropes is usually more brightly colored than male plumage, a reversed sexual dichromatism usually associated with sex-role reversal, Here, we confirm with PCR-based sexing that male red phalaropes can exhibit both the red body plumage typical of a female and the incubation behavior typical of a male. Our result, combined with previous observations of brightly colored red phalaropes incubating nests at the same arctic location (Igloolik Island, Nunavut, Canada), suggests that plumage dichromatism alone may not be sufficient to distinguish males from females in this breeding population of red phalaropes. This stresses the need for more systematic genetic sexing combined with standardized description of intersexual differences in red phalarope plumages, Determining whether such female-like plumage on males is a result of phenotypic plasticity or genetic variation could contribute to further understanding sex-role reversal strategies in the short Arctic summer. C1 [Giroux, Marie-Andree; Lecomte, Nicolas] Univ Moncton, Canada Res Chair Polar & Boreal Ecol, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada. [Giroux, Marie-Andree; Lecomte, Nicolas] Univ Quebec, Ctr Etud Nord, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. [Giroux, Marie-Andree] Univ Quebec, Canada Res Chair Northern Biodivers, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. [Ditlecadet, Delphine] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Mol Biol Unit, Moncton, NB, Canada. [Martin, Luc J.; Lecomte, Nicolas] Univ Moncton, Dept Biol, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada. [Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK USA. [Lecomte, Nicolas] Univ Quebec, Quebec Ctr Biodivers Sci, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. RP Giroux, MA (reprint author), Univ Moncton, Canada Res Chair Polar & Boreal Ecol, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada.; Giroux, MA (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Ctr Etud Nord, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada.; Giroux, MA (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Canada Res Chair Northern Biodivers, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. EM marie.a.giroux@gmail.com FU The W. Garfield Weston Foundation; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Foundation for Innovation FX The funding sources for this study were: The W. Garfield Weston Foundation (fellowship to MAG), Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (EnviroNorth scholarship to MAG, Discovery grants to NL and LM), Canadian Foundation for Innovation (grants to NL and LM), Polar Continental Shelf Project (in-kind support to NL), Canada Research Chair Program to NL, Government of Nunavut (in-kind support), Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Igloolik Hunters and Trappers Organization, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Universite de Moncton. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD MAY 2 PY 2016 VL 4 AR e1989 DI 10.7717/peerj.1989 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DM6UO UT WOS:000376488300006 PM 27168992 ER PT J AU Zank, B Bagstad, KJ Voigt, B Villa, F AF Zank, Ben Bagstad, Kenneth J. Voigt, Brian Villa, Ferdinando TI Modeling the effects of urban expansion on natural capital stocks and ecosystem service flows: A case study in the Puget Sound, Washington, USA SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE ARIES; Ecosystem service flows; Land-use change; Natural capital; Scenario analysis ID LAND-USE CHANGE; LANDSCAPE PATTERN; IMPACT; CHINA; URBANIZATION; TRADEOFFS; VALUATION; DYNAMICS; VALUES AB Urban expansion and its associated landscape modifications are important drivers of changes in ecosystem service (ES). This study examined the effects of two alternative land use-change development scenarios in the Puget Sound region of Washington State on natural capital stocks and ES flows. Land-use change model outputs served as inputs to five ES models developed using the Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (ARIES) platform. While natural capital stocks declined under managed (1.3-5.8%) and unmanaged (2.8-11.8%) development scenarios, ES flows increased by 18.5-56% and 23.2-55.7%, respectively. Human development of natural landscapes reduced their capacity for service provision, while simultaneously adding beneficiaries, particularly along the urban fringe. Using global and local Moran's I, we identified three distinct patterns of change in ES due to projected landuse change. For services with location-dependent beneficiaries - open space proximity, viewsheds, and flood regulation - urbanization led to increased clustering and hot-spot intensities. ES flows were greatest in the managed land-use change scenario for open space proximity and flood regulation, and in the unmanaged land-use change scenario for viewsheds a consequence of the differing ES flow mechanisms underpinning these services. We observed a third pattern - general declines in service provision - for carbon storage and sediment retention, where beneficiaries in our analysis were not location dependent. Contrary to past authors' finding of ES declines under urbanization, a more nuanced analysis that maps and quantifies ES provision, beneficiaries, and flows better identifies gains and losses for specific ES beneficiaries as urban areas expand. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zank, Ben] Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Denver, CO USA. [Bagstad, Kenneth J.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Voigt, Brian] Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT USA. [Villa, Ferdinando] Ikerbasque, Basque Fdn Sci, Basque Ctr Climate Change BC3, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain. RP Bagstad, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM zankapfel@googlemail.com; kjbagstad@usgs.gov; bvoigt@uvm.edu; ferdinando.villa@bc3rescarch.org OI Villa, Ferdinando/0000-0002-5114-3007 FU U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research program; U.S. Geological Survey Land Change Science program FX Partial support for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research and Land Change Science programs. Zach Ancona assisted with development of view shed results, and Gary Johnson assisted with ARIES models for Puget Sound. We thank Earth Economics, particularly Dave Batker, Zachary Christin, Jennifer Harrison-Cox, Maya Kocian, Jim Pittman, and Paula Swedeen, and their academic, public, and NGO-sector partners, particularly Doug Osterman, for providing spatial data and an improved understanding of regional ES dynamics in the Puget Sound. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 149 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.01.001 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA EE8HQ UT WOS:000389866700004 ER PT J AU Antoninka, A Bowker, MA Reed, SC Doherty, K AF Antoninka, Anita Bowker, Matthew A. Reed, Sasha C. Doherty, Kyle TI Production of greenhouse-grown biocrust mosses and associated cyanobacteria to rehabilitate dryland soil function SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocrust cultivation; biological soil crust; C and nitrogen fixation; dryland rehabilitation technology; dryland restoration material; Syntrichia spp. ID DESICCATION-TOLERANCE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; SYNTRICHIA-CANINERVIS; ARTIFICIAL CULTURE; CRUSTS; BRYOPHYTES; GRASSLAND; RECOVERY; DESERT; INFILTRATION AB Mosses are an often-overlooked component of dryland ecosystems, yet they are common members of biological soil crust communities (biocrusts) and provide key ecosystem services, including soil stabilization, water retention, carbon fixation, and housing of N-2 fixing cyanobacteria. Mosses are able to survive long dry periods, respond rapidly to precipitation, and reproduce vegetatively. With these qualities, drylandmosses have the potential to be an excellent dryland restoration material. Unfortunately, dryland mosses are often slow growing in nature, and ex situ cultivation methods are needed to enhance their utility. Our goal was to determine how to rapidly produce, vegetatively, Syntrichia caninervis and S. ruralis, common and abundant moss species in drylands of North America and elsewhere, in a greenhouse. We manipulated the length of hydration on a weekly schedule (5, 4, 3, or 2 days continuous hydration per week), crossed with fertilization (once at the beginning, monthly, biweekly, or not at all). Moss biomass increased sixfold for both species in 4 months, an increase that would require years under dryland field conditions. Both moss species preferred short hydration and monthly fertilizer. Remarkably, we also unintentionally cultured a variety of other important biocrust organisms, including cyanobacteria and lichens. In only 6 months, we produced functionally mature biocrusts, as evidenced by high productivity and ecosystem-relevant levels of N-2 fixation. Our results suggest that biocrust mossesmight be the ideal candidate for biocrust cultivation for restoration purposes. With optimization, these methods are the first step in developing a moss-based biocrust rehabilitation technology. C1 [Antoninka, Anita; Bowker, Matthew A.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, 200 East Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Bowker, Matthew A.; Doherty, Kyle] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 Southwest Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Antoninka, A (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, 200 East Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM anita.antoninka@nau.edu FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [RC-2329]; Northern Arizona University's Faculty Grants Program FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (Grant number RC-2329; Department of Defense, Department of Energy, and Environmental Protection Agency) and Northern Arizona University's Faculty Grants Program. We thank K. Coe and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions that significantly improved the manuscript. Photo analysis was conducted by R. Belnap with the NAU IDEA Lab. We also thank R. Lawrence for providing UTTR site access and information. We gratefully acknowledge the help of the greenhouse manager, P. Patterson, and greenhouse and laboratory technicians, J. Wright, K. Fruth, and H. Smith, and field technicians, P. Chuckran, M. Logowitz, and N. Kainrath. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for information purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 24 IS 3 BP 324 EP 335 DI 10.1111/rec.12311 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DW5VY UT WOS:000383716800006 ER PT J AU Ellings, CS Davis, MJ Grossman, EE Woo, I Hodgson, S Turner, KL Nakai, G Takekawa, JE Takekawa, JY AF Ellings, Christopher S. Davis, Melanie J. Grossman, Eric E. Woo, Isa Hodgson, Sayre Turner, Kelley L. Nakai, Glynnis Takekawa, Jean E. Takekawa, John Y. TI Changes in habitat availability for outmigrating juvenile salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) following estuary restoration SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish; Nisqually River Delta; Oncorhynchus tshawytcha; Puget Sound; tidal channel; tidal marsh estuary ID CHINOOK SALMON; WATER TEMPERATURE; TIDAL CHANNEL; RIVER ESTUARY; SMALL STREAMS; SALT-MARSH; TSHAWYTSCHA; GROWTH; RESIDENCY; SALINITY AB The restoration of the Nisqually RiverDelta (Washington, U.S.A.) represents one of the largest efforts toward reestablishing the ecosystem function and resilience of modified habitat in the Puget Sound, particularly for anadromous salmonid species. The opportunity for outmigrating salmon to access and benefit from the expansion of available tidal habitat can be quantified by several physical attributes, which are related to the ecological and physiological responses of juvenile salmon. We monitored a variety of physical parameters to measure changes in opportunity potential from historic, pre-restoration, and post-restoration habitat conditions at several sites across the delta. These parameters included channel morphology, water quality, tidal elevation, and landscape connectivity. We conducted fish catch surveys across the delta to determine if salmon was utilizing restored estuary habitat. Overall major channel area increased 42% and major channel length increased 131% from preto post-restoration conditions. Furthermore, the results of our tidal inundation model indicated that major channels were accessible up to 75% of the time, as opposed to 30% pre-restoration. Outmigrating salmon utilized this newly accessible habitat as quickly as 1 year post-restoration. The presence of salmon in restored tidal channels confirmed rapid post-restoration increases in opportunity potential on the delta despite habitat quality differences between restored and reference sites. C1 [Ellings, Christopher S.; Hodgson, Sayre] Nisqually Indian Tribe, Dept Nat Resources, 12501 Yelm Highway SE, Olympia, WA 98513 USA. [Davis, Melanie J.; Turner, Kelley L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Nisqually Field Stn, 100 Brown Farm Rd NE, Olympia, WA 98516 USA. [Grossman, Eric E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Woo, Isa; Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Turner, Kelley L.] Hamer Environm, 1510 South 3rd St, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. [Nakai, Glynnis; Takekawa, Jean E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Nisqually Natl Wildlife Refuge, 100 Brown Farm Rd NE, Olympia, WA 98516 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] Natl Audubon Soc, Div Sci, 220 Montgomery St, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. RP Davis, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Nisqually Field Stn, 100 Brown Farm Rd NE, Olympia, WA 98516 USA. EM melaniedavis@usgs.gov FU EPA Tribal Assistance Grant [PA-00J15001]; Estuary and Salmon Restoration Program; USGS WERC/USFWS Science Support Program; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Ducks Unlimited; USGS Western Ecological Research Center; Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound Large River Deltas Project; USGS internship program: Students in Support of Native American Relations; USGS internship program: National Association of Geoscience Teachers, and Youth and Education in Science FX This research was funded by EPA Tribal Assistance Grant No. PA-00J15001, Estuary and Salmon Restoration Program, USGS WERC/USFWS Science Support Program, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Ducks Unlimited, USGS Western Ecological Research Center, and Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound Large River Deltas Project. The study was also supported by USGS internship programs: Students in Support of Native American Relations, National Association of Geoscience Teachers, and Youth and Education in Science. We could not have completed this research without numerous USGS and Nisqually Indian Tribe staff including J. Cutler, A. David, L. Mitchell, A. Calahan, W. Duval, E. Perez, C. Smith, M. Moyer, C. Curran, P. Horne, K. B. Gustafson, H. Minella, H. Allgood, M. Holt, L. Belleveau, S. Kaviar, B. Quigley, K. Lovett, L. Shakeri, S. Blakely, and A. Hissem. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of our Refuge collaborators, J. Barham and D. Roster, without whom this project would not be possible. Input from anonymous reviewers was greatly beneficial to the editing process. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 24 IS 3 BP 415 EP 427 DI 10.1111/rec.12333 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DW5VY UT WOS:000383716800016 ER PT J AU Coates, PS Brussee, BE Hothem, RL Howe, KH Casazza, ML Eadie, JM AF Coates, Peter S. Brussee, Brianne E. Hothem, Roger L. Howe, Kristy H. Casazza, Michael L. Eadie, John M. TI The effects of heterospecifics and climatic conditions on incubation behavior within a mixed-species colony SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; PREDATION RISK; GULL COLONIES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FOOD AVAILABILITY; ALCATRAZ ISLAND; TEMPERATURE; PATTERNS AB Parental incubation behavior largely influences nest survival, a critical demographic process in avian population dynamics, and behaviors vary across species with different life history breeding strategies. Although research has identified nest survival advantages of mixing colonies, behavioral mechanisms that might explain these effects is largely lacking. We examined parental incubation behavior using video-monitoring techniques on Alcatraz Island, California, of black-crowned night-heron Nycticorax nycticorax (hereinafter, night-heron) in a mixed-species colony with California gulls Larus californicus and western gulls L. occidentalis. We first quantified general nesting behaviors (i.e. incubation constancy, and nest attendance), and a suite of specific nesting behaviors (i.e. inactivity, vigilance, preening, and nest maintenance) with respect to six different daily time periods. We employed linear mixed effects models to investigate environmental and temporal factors as sources of variation in incubation constancy and nest attendance using 211 nest days across three nesting seasons (2010-2012). We found incubation constancy (percent of time on the eggs) and nest attendance (percent of time at the nest) were lower for nests that were located <3 m from one or more gull nest, which indirectly supports the predator protection hypothesis, whereby heterospecifics provide protection allowing more time for foraging and other self-maintenance activities. To our knowledge, this is the first empirical evidence of the influence of one nesting species on the incubation behavior of another. We also identified distinct differences between incubation constancy and nest attentiveness, indicating that these biparental incubating species do not share similar energetic constraints as those that are observed for uniparental species. Additionally, we found that variation in incubation behavior was a function of temperature and precipitation, where the strength of these effects was dependent on the time of day. Overall, these findings strengthen our understanding of incubation behavior and nest ecology of a colonial-nesting species. C1 [Coates, Peter S.; Brussee, Brianne E.; Hothem, Roger L.; Howe, Kristy H.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Brussee, Brianne E.; Eadie, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Coates, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM pcoates@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy; U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center FX This research was conducted with support from the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy and the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center. We would particularly like to thank Bill Merkle and Victoria Seher at the National Park Service for their continued support of this research. We would also like to thank Michelle Fearon and Daniel Smith for assistance with fieldwork and video analysis. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 EI 1600-048X J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 47 IS 3 BP 399 EP 408 DI 10.1111/jav.00900 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DX9AR UT WOS:000384685500012 ER PT J AU Wahl, T Plant, NG Long, JW AF Wahl, Thomas Plant, Nathaniel G. Long, Joseph W. TI Probabilistic assessment of erosion and flooding risk in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL SIMULATION; WATER LEVELS; SEA STORMS; COPULAS; TRENDS; BEACH; RUNUP AB We assess erosion and flooding risk in the northern Gulf of Mexico by identifying interdependencies among oceanographic drivers and probabilistically modeling the resulting potential for coastal change. Wave and water level observations are used to determine relationships between six hydrodynamic parameters that influence total water level and therefore erosion and flooding, through consideration of a wide range of univariate distribution functions and multivariate elliptical copulas. Using these relationships, we explore how different our interpretation of the present-day erosion/flooding risk could be if we had seen more or fewer extreme realizations of individual and combinations of parameters in the past by simulating 10,000 physically and statistically consistent sea-storm time series. We find that seasonal total water levels associated with the 100 year return period could be up to 3 m higher in summer and 0.6 m higher in winter relative to our best estimate based on the observational records. Impact hours of collision and overwash-where total water levels exceed the dune toe or dune crest elevations-could be on average 70% (collision) and 100% (overwash) larger than inferred from the observations. Our model accounts for non-stationarity in a straightforward, non-parametric way that can be applied (with little adjustments) to many other coastlines. The probabilistic model presented here, which accounts for observational uncertainty, can be applied to other coastlines where short record lengths limit the ability to identify the full range of possible wave and water level conditions that coastal mangers and planners must consider to develop sustainable management strategies. C1 [Wahl, Thomas] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Wahl, Thomas] Univ Southampton, Engn & Environm, Southampton, Hants, England. [Plant, Nathaniel G.; Long, Joseph W.] St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, USGS Coastal & Marine Geol Program, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Wahl, T (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.; Wahl, T (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Engn & Environm, Southampton, Hants, England. EM t.wahl@soton.ac.uk NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY PY 2016 VL 121 IS 5 BP 3029 EP 3043 DI 10.1002/2015JC011482 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DW2IQ UT WOS:000383466500011 ER PT J AU Cheriton, OM Storlazzi, CD Rosenberger, KJ AF Cheriton, Olivia M. Storlazzi, Curt D. Rosenberger, Kurt J. TI Observations of wave transformation over a fringing coral reef and the importance oflow-frequency waves and offshore water levels to runup, overwash, and coastal flooding SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; INFRAGRAVITY WAVE; GRAVITY WAVES; LAGOON SYSTEM; WIND-WAVES; PACIFIC; ISLAND; RISE AB Many low-lying tropical islands are susceptible to sea level rise and often subjected to overwash and flooding during large wave events. To quantify wave dynamics and wave-driven water levels on fringing coral reefs, a 5 month deployment of wave gauges and a current meter was conducted across two shore-normal transects on Roi-Namur Island in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. These observations captured two large wave events that had waves with maximum heights greater than 6 m with peak periods of 16 s over the fore reef. The larger event coincided with a peak spring tide, leading to energetic, highly skewed infragravity (0.04-0.004 Hz) and very low frequency (0.004-0.001 Hz) waves at the shoreline, which reached heights of 1.0 and 0.7 m, respectively. Water surface elevations, combined with wave runup, reached 3.7 m above the reef bed at the innermost reef flat adjacent to the toe of the beach, resulting in flooding of inland areas. This overwash occurred during a 3 h time window that coincided with high tide and maximum low-frequency reef flat wave heights. The relatively low-relief characteristics of this narrow reef flat may further drive shoreline amplification of low-frequency waves due to resonance modes. These results (1) demonstrate how the coupling of high offshore water levels with low-frequency reef flat wave energetics can lead to large impacts along fringing reef-lined shorelines, such as island overwash, and (2) lend support to the hypothesis that predicted higher sea levels will lead to more frequent occurrences of these extreme events, negatively impacting coastal resources and infrastructure. C1 [Cheriton, Olivia M.; Storlazzi, Curt D.; Rosenberger, Kurt J.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Cheriton, OM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM ocheriton@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of Defense [RC-2334]; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Army Garrison-Kwajalein Atoll (USAG-KA) FX This work was funded by U.S. Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) under project RC-2334 and the U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program. We thank T. Reiss, J. Logan, and P. Swarzenski (USGS), as well as G. Piniak and D. Field (NOAA) for their help with instrument deployment and data collection. We thank E. Quataert, A. van Dongeren, and M. Gawehn (Deltares) for helpful collaborations. We also thank the Captain and crew of the D/V Patriot, D. Miller and C. Nakasone (Kwajalein Range Services), and the U.S. Army Garrison-Kwajalein Atoll (USAG-KA) for their support of this project. We are grateful to A. Pomeroy (UWA) for helpful discussions, J. Lacy (USGS) for an initial review of the manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and constructive comments. Data used in this study are available upon request to the corresponding author (ocheriton@usgs.gov). Use of trademark names does not imply USGS endorsement of products. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY PY 2016 VL 121 IS 5 BP 3121 EP 3140 DI 10.1002/2015JC011231 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DW2IQ UT WOS:000383466500017 ER PT J AU Brant, CO Johnson, NS Li, K Buchinger, TJ Li, WM AF Brant, Cory O. Johnson, Nicholas S. Li, Ke Buchinger, Tyler J. Li, Weiming TI Female sea lamprey shift orientation toward a conspecific chemical cue to escape a sensory trap SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mate search; olfaction; Petromyzon marinus; pheromone; sensory bias ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS L.; MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; BILE-ACIDS; MATING PHEROMONE; HONEST SIGNALS; GREAT-LAKES; MATE CHOICE; SULFATE; COMMUNICATION; EVOLUTION AB The sensory trap model of signal evolution hypothesizes that signalers adapt to exploit a cue used by the receiver in another context. Although exploitation of receiver biases can result in conflict between the sexes, deceptive signaling systems that are mutually beneficial drive the evolution of stable communication systems. However, female responses in the nonsexual and sexual contexts may become uncoupled if costs are associated with exhibiting a similar response to a trait in both contexts. Male sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) signal with a mating pheromone, 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS), which may be a match to a juvenile cue used by females during migration. Upstream movement of migratory lampreys is partially guided by 3kPZS, but females only move toward 3kPZS with proximal accuracy during spawning. Here, we use in-stream behavioral assays paired with gonad histology to document the transition of female preference for juvenile-and male-released 3kPZS that coincides with the functional shift of 3kPZS as a migratory cue to a mating pheromone. Females became increasingly biased toward the source of synthesized 3kPZS as their maturation progressed into the reproductive phase, at which point, a preference for juvenile odor (also containing 3kPZS naturally) ceased to exist. Uncoupling of female responses during migration and spawning makes the 3kPZS communication system a reliable means of synchronizing mate search. The present study offers a rare example of a transition in female responses to a chemical cue between nonsexual and sexual contexts, provides insights into the origins of stable communication signaling systems. C1 [Brant, Cory O.; Johnson, Nicholas S.; Li, Ke; Buchinger, Tyler J.; Li, Weiming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Room 13 Nat Resources Bldg,480 Wilson Rd, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Johnson, Nicholas S.] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Li, WM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Room 13 Nat Resources Bldg,480 Wilson Rd, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM liweim@msu.edu FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Ann Arbor, MI FX This work was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Ann Arbor, MI (to W. L.). NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 EI 1465-7279 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 27 IS 3 BP 810 EP 819 DI 10.1093/beheco/arv224 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DT1EM UT WOS:000381224500022 ER PT J AU Villarreal, ML Webb, RH Norman, LM Psillas, JL Rosenberg, AS Carmichael, S Petrakis, RE Sparks, PE AF Villarreal, Miguel L. Webb, Robert H. Norman, Laura M. Psillas, Jennifer L. Rosenberg, Abigail S. Carmichael, Shinji Petrakis, Roy E. Sparks, Philip E. TI MODELING LANDSCAPE-SCALE EROSION POTENTIAL RELATED TO VEHICLE DISTURBANCES ALONG THE USA-MEXICO BORDER SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE soil compaction; soil erosion; off-highway vehicles; USLE; RUSLE; erosion potential model; Sonoran Desert; USA-Mexico border; arid lands ID SOIL LOSS EQUATION; OFF-ROAD VEHICLES; DESERT ECOSYSTEM; LAND DEGRADATION; WATER EROSION; IMPACTS; GIS; PREDICTION; RISK; CALIFORNIA AB Decades of intensive off-road vehicle use for border security, immigration, smuggling, recreation, and military training along the USA-Mexico border have prompted concerns about long-term human impacts on sensitive desert ecosystems. To help managers identify areas susceptible to soil erosion from anthropogenic activities, we developed a series of erosion potential models based on factors from the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). To better express the vulnerability of soils to human disturbances, we refined two factors whose categorical and spatial representations limit the application of the USLE for non-agricultural landscapes: the C-factor (vegetation cover) and the P-factor (support practice/management). A soil compaction index (P-factor) was calculated as the difference in saturated hydrologic conductivity (K-s) between disturbed and undisturbed soils, which was then scaled up to maps of vehicle disturbances digitized from aerial photography. The C-factor was improved using a satellite-based vegetation index, which was better correlated with estimated ground cover (r(2) = 0.77) than data derived from land cover (r(2) = 0.06). We identified 9,780 km of unauthorized off-road tracks in the 2,800-km(2) study area. Maps of these disturbances, when integrated with soil compaction data using the USLE, provided landscape-scale information on areas vulnerable to erosion from both natural processes and human activities and are detailed enough for adaptive management and restoration planning. The models revealed erosion potential hotspots adjacent to the border and within areas managed as critical habitat for the threatened flat-tailed horned lizard and endangered Sonoran pronghorn. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Villarreal, Miguel L.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Webb, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Norman, Laura M.; Carmichael, Shinji] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Psillas, Jennifer L.; Petrakis, Roy E.; Sparks, Philip E.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Rosenberg, Abigail S.] Marine Corps Air Stn, Yuma, AZ 85369 USA. RP Villarreal, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mvillarreal@usgs.gov OI Villarreal, Miguel/0000-0003-0720-1422 FU Army Corps of Engineers [W9126G-11-1-0045]; University of Arizona [W9126G-11-1-0045]; US Geological Survey's Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program; Land Change Science Program; National Research Program; University of Arizona/NASA Space Grant Undergraduate Research Internship FX This research was funded by a Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit agreement (W9126G-11-1-0045) between the Army Corps of Engineers and the University of Arizona, with additional support from the US Geological Survey's Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program, Land Change Science Program, and National Research Program. Philip Sparks was supported by a University of Arizona/NASA Space Grant Undergraduate Research Internship. We appreciate the efforts of Michelle Coe, Jakeb Prickett, Panjak Jamwal, Laura Bookman, and Ken Stockton from the University of Arizona. Thanks to Chris Lukinbeal, Director of the Masters of Science in Geographic Information Systems Technology at the University of Arizona. We thank Joel Sankey, Michael Duniway, and Mara Tongue for their reviews and comments on an early draft of this paper and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1085-3278 EI 1099-145X J9 LAND DEGRAD DEV JI Land Degrad. Dev. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1106 EP 1121 DI 10.1002/ldr.2317 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA DS7LB UT WOS:000380963900021 ER PT J AU Ely, CR Meixell, BW AF Ely, Craig R. Meixell, Brandt W. TI Demographic outcomes of diverse migration strategies assessed in a metapopulation of tundra swans SO MOVEMENT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cygnus columbianus; Known fate; Life history; Metapopulation; Migration distance; Productivity; Satellite telemetry; Survival; Transmitter effects; Tundra swan ID GREATER SNOW GEESE; LOWER ALASKA PENINSULA; ANNUAL SURVIVAL RATES; SEASONAL SURVIVAL; PERCUTANEOUS ANTENNAS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CYGNUS-COLUMBIANUS; DISTANCE MIGRATION; COMMON EIDERS; EMPEROR GEESE AB Background: Migration is a prominent aspect of the life history of many avian species, but the demographic consequences of variable migration strategies have only infrequently been investigated, and rarely when using modern technological and analytical methods for assessing survival, movement patterns, and long-term productivity in the context of life history theory. We monitored the fates of 50 satellite-implanted tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus) over 4 years from five disparate breeding areas in Alaska, and used known-fate analyses to estimate monthly survival probability relative to migration distance, breeding area, migratory flyway, breeding status, and age. We specifically tested whether migratory birds face a trade-off, whereby long-distance migrants realize higher survival rates at the cost of lower productivity because of reduced time on breeding areas relative to birds that migrate shorter distances and spend more time on breeding areas. Results: Annual migration distances varied significantly among breeding areas (1020 to 12720 km), and were strongly negatively correlated with time spent on breeding areas (r = -0.986). Estimates of annual survival probability varied by wintering area (Pacific coast, Alaska Peninsula, and Eastern seaboard) and ranged from 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70-0.88) to 1.0, depending on criteria used to discern mortalities from radio failures. We did not find evidence for a linear relationship between migration distance and survival as swans from the breeding areas with the shortest and longest migration distances had the highest survival probabilities. Survival was lower in the first year post-marking than in subsequent years, but there was not support for seasonal differences in survival. Productivity varied among breeding populations and was generally inversely correlated to survival, but not migration distance or time spent on breeding areas. Conclusions: Tundra swans conformed to a major tenet of life history theory, as populations with the highest survival generally had the lowest productivity. The lack of a uniform relationship between time spent on breeding areas and productivity, or time spent on wintering areas and survival, indicates that factors other than temporal investment dictate demographic outcomes in this species. The tremendous diversity of migration strategies we identify in Alaskan tundra swans, without clear impacts on survival, underscores the ability of this species to adapt to different environments and climatic regimes. C1 [Ely, Craig R.; Meixell, Brandt W.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Ely, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cely@usgs.gov OI Meixell, Brandt/0000-0002-6738-0349 NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 2051-3933 J9 MOV ECOL JI Mov. Ecol. PD MAY 1 PY 2016 VL 4 AR UNSP 10 DI 10.1186/s40462-016-0075-8 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU0YZ UT WOS:000381932500001 PM 27134751 ER PT J AU Rose, A Wing, IS Wei, D Wein, A AF Rose, Adam Wing, Ian Sue Wei, Dan Wein, Anne TI Economic Impacts of a California Tsunami SO NATURAL HAZARDS REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SHUTDOWN; DEMAND AB The economic consequences of a tsunami scenario for Southern California are estimated using computable general equilibrium analysis. The economy is modeled as a set of interconnected supply chains interacting through markets but with explicit constraints stemming from property damage and business downtime. Economic impacts are measured by the reduction of Gross Domestic Product for Southern California, Rest of California, and U.S. economies. For California, total economic impacts represent the general equilibrium ( essentially quantity and price multiplier) effects of lost production in industries upstream and downstream in the supply-chain of sectors that are directly impacted by port cargo disruptions at Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach ( POLA/ POLB), property damage along the coast, and evacuation of potentially inundated areas. These impacts are estimated to be $2.2 billion from port disruptions, $0.9 billion from property damages, and $2.8 billion from evacuations. Various economic-resilience tactics can potentially reduce the direct and total impacts by 80-85%. (C) 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Rose, Adam] Univ Southern Calif, Sol Price Sch Publ Policy, 230 RGL,650 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Rose, Adam] Univ Southern Calif, CREATE, 230 RGL,650 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Wing, Ian Sue] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, 675 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Wei, Dan] Univ Southern Calif, Sol Price Sch Publ Policy, 100D Univ Gateway, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Wei, Dan] Univ Southern Calif, CREATE, 100D Univ Gateway, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Wein, Anne] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wei, D (reprint author), Univ Southern Calif, Sol Price Sch Publ Policy, 100D Univ Gateway, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.; Wei, D (reprint author), Univ Southern Calif, CREATE, 100D Univ Gateway, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM adamzros@price.usc.edu; isw@bu.edu; danwei@usc.edu; awein@ugsg.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1527-6988 EI 1527-6996 J9 NAT HAZARDS REV JI Nat. Hazards Rev. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 17 IS 2 AR UNSP 4016002 DI 10.1061/(ASCHE)NH.1527-6996.0000212 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Studies; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA DS8UG UT WOS:000381057900001 ER PT J AU Delbridge, BG Burgmann, R Fielding, E Hensley, S Schulz, WH AF Delbridge, Brent G. Burgmann, Roland Fielding, Eric Hensley, Scott Schulz, William H. TI Three-dimensional surface deformation derived from airborne interferometric UAVSAR: Application to the Slumgullion Landslide SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUSLY MOVING LANDSLIDE; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SEASONAL MOVEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TOPOGRAPHY; CALIFORNIA; EARTHFLOW; VELOCITY; COLORADO; EVOLUTION AB In order to provide surface geodetic measurements with "landslide-wide" spatial coverage, we develop and validate a method for the characterization of 3-D surface deformation using the unique capabilities of the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) airborne repeat-pass radar interferometry system. We apply our method at the well-studied Slumgullion Landslide, which is 3.9 km long and moves persistently at rates up to similar to 2 cm/day. A comparison with concurrent GPS measurements validates this method and shows that it provides reliable and accurate 3-D surface deformation measurements. The UAVSAR-derived vector velocity field measurements accurately capture the sharp boundaries defining previously identified kinematic units and geomorphic domains within the landslide. We acquired data across the landslide during spring and summer and identify that the landslide moves more slowly during summer except at its head, presumably in response to spatiotemporal variations in snowmelt infiltration. In order to constrain the mechanics controlling landslide motion from surface velocity measurements, we present an inversion framework for the extraction of slide thickness and basal geometry from dense 3-D surface velocity fields. We find that the average depth of the Slumgullion Landslide is 7.5 m, several meters less than previous depth estimates. We show that by considering a viscoplastic rheology, we can derive tighter theoretical bounds on the rheological parameter relating mean horizontal flow rate to surface velocity. Using inclinometer data for slow-moving, clay-rich landslides across the globe, we find a consistent value for the rheological parameter of 0.85 +/- 0.08. C1 [Delbridge, Brent G.; Burgmann, Roland] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fielding, Eric; Hensley, Scott] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Schulz, William H.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Delbridge, BG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM delbridge@berkeley.edu RI Fielding, Eric/A-1288-2007 OI Fielding, Eric/0000-0002-6648-8067 FU NASA Earth Surface and Interior Geodetic Imaging program; NASA/JPL subaward [1492856]; NSF GRFP Fellowship [923843294] FX Part of this research was sponsored by the NASA Earth Surface and Interior Geodetic Imaging program and performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. We thank Jeff Coe (USGS) for performing GPS surveys at the landslide and for helpful discussions. We also thank the UAVSAR flight and data processing teams for their help with acquiring and processing the data. All UAVSAR interferograms and metadata used in this study can be downloaded from the Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF, https://www.asf.alaska.edu). This work was generously supported by NASA/JPL subward1492856, and NSF GRFP Fellowship923843294. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY PY 2016 VL 121 IS 5 BP 3951 EP 3977 DI 10.1002/2015JB012559 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DT6XA UT WOS:000381626900042 ER PT J AU Sibrell, PL Kehler, T AF Sibrell, Philip L. Kehler, T. TI Phosphorus removal from aquaculture effluents at the Northeast Fishery Center in Lamar, Pennsylvania using iron oxide sorption media SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Aquaculture; Mine drainage; Phosphorus removal; Media regeneration ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; WASTE-WATER; BREAKTHROUGH; TECHNOLOGIES; RECOVERY; SLUDGE AB Three different iron oxide-based sorption media samples were tested for removal of phosphorus (P) from fish hatchery effluents using fixed bed processing. Two of the media samples were derived from residuals produced by the treatment of acid mine drainage, which were then compared to granular ferric hydroxide (GFH), a commercially available sorption medium. All of the media types removed from 50 to 70% of the P from the incoming aquaculture wastewater over 70-175 days of operation without regeneration. In some of the sorption trials, the GFH media showed superior adsorption in the earlier stages of the trial, but the GFH appeared to reach saturation more quickly, so that media performance was similar - at about 60% removal of P - over a longer time period of 175 days. Media regeneration tests were also conducted for both the commercial and mine drainage media, and demonstrated longer term performance, with overall P removal of 50-55%, over 223 days of total operation, with the advantages of phosphorus recycle and media reuse. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sibrell, Philip L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Kehler, T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Sibrell, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM psibrell@usgs.gov OI Sibrell, Philip/0000-0001-5666-1228 FU USGS Science Support Partnership; USFWS Northeast Fishery Center; Steven Summerfelt of the Conservation Fund's Freshwater Institute FX This study was supported in part by funds from the USGS Science Support Partnership and by the USFWS Northeast Fishery Center. The authors also thank Steven Summerfelt of the Conservation Fund's Freshwater Institute and three anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions for improvement of the manuscript. Finally, we would like to thank John W. (Bill) Fletcher, whose support and guidance during the initial phases of this study were invaluable. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 EI 1873-5614 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD MAY-JUL PY 2016 VL 72-73 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2016.04.003 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA DS2KJ UT WOS:000380598100006 ER PT J AU McClelland, JW Holmes, RM Peterson, BJ Raymond, PA Striegl, RG Zhulidov, AV Zimov, SA Zimov, N Tank, SE Spencer, RGM Staples, R Gurtovaya, TY Griffin, CG AF McClelland, J. W. Holmes, R. M. Peterson, B. J. Raymond, P. A. Striegl, R. G. Zhulidov, A. V. Zimov, S. A. Zimov, N. Tank, S. E. Spencer, R. G. M. Staples, R. Gurtovaya, T. Y. Griffin, C. G. TI Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen export from major Arctic rivers SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID CANADIAN BEAUFORT SHELF; EAST SIBERIAN SEA; MACKENZIE RIVER; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; ATMOSPHERIC CH4; GLACIER BAY; LENA RIVER; MATTER; OCEAN; PERMAFROST AB Northern rivers connect a land area of approximately 20.5 million km(2) to the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas. These rivers account for similar to 10% of global river discharge and transport massive quantities of dissolved and particulate materials that reflect watershed sources and impact biogeochemical cycling in the ocean. In this paper, multiyear data sets from a coordinated sampling program are used to characterize particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate nitrogen (PN) export from the six largest rivers within the pan-Arctic watershed (Yenisey, Lena, Ob', Mackenzie, Yukon, Kolyma). Together, these rivers export an average of 3055 x 10(9) g of POC and 368 x 10(9) g of PN each year. Scaled up to the pan-Arctic watershed as a whole, fluvial export estimates increase to 5767 x 10(9) g and 695 x 10(9) g of POC and PN per year, respectively. POC export is substantially lower than dissolved organic carbon export by these rivers, whereas PN export is roughly equal to dissolved nitrogen export. Seasonal patterns in concentrations and source/composition indicators (C:N, delta C-13, Delta C-14, delta N-15) are broadly similar among rivers, but distinct regional differences are also evident. For example, average radiocarbon ages of POC range from similar to 2000 (Ob') to similar to 5500 (Mackenzie) years before present. Rapid changes within the Arctic system as a consequence of global warming make it challenging to establish a contemporary baseline of fluvial export, but the results presented in this paper capture variability and quantify average conditions for nearly a decade at the beginning of the 21st century. C1 [McClelland, J. W.; Griffin, C. G.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Holmes, R. M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. [Peterson, B. J.] Marine Biol Lab, Ecosyst Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Raymond, P. A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Striegl, R. G.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Zhulidov, A. V.; Gurtovaya, T. Y.] South Russia Ctr Preparat & Implementat Int Proje, Rostov Na Donu, Russia. [Zimov, S. A.; Zimov, N.] Northeast Sci Stn, Cherskiy, Russia. [Tank, S. E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Spencer, R. G. M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Staples, R.] Govt Northwest Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT, Canada. RP McClelland, JW (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM jimm@utexas.edu RI Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012; McClelland, James/C-5396-2008 OI Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577; McClelland, James/0000-0001-9619-8194 FU National Science Foundation [0229302, 0732985]; U.S. Geological Survey; Department of Indian and Northern Affairs FX We thank Yana Adreeva, Bart Blais, Tim Brabets, Ludmila Boeva, Charlie Couvillon, Elena Dunaeva, Martin Kelly, Ludmila Kosmenko, Dave Milburn, Anna Suslova, Mikhail Suslov, and Suzanne Thomas, for assistance with project implementation, including sample collection, sample analysis, and/or coordination efforts. We also thank CH2M HILL Polar Services for logistical support. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through grants 0229302 and 0732985. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (Yukon River) and the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs (Mackenzie River). All of the data used in this paper are freely available at www.arcticgreatrivers.org/data.html. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAY PY 2016 VL 30 IS 5 BP 629 EP 643 DI 10.1002/2015GB005351 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DR5NG UT WOS:000379949100002 ER PT J AU Bayse, SM Pol, MV He, PG AF Bayse, Shannon M. Pol, Michael V. He, Pingguo TI Fish and squid behaviour at the mouth of a drop-chain trawl: factors contributing to capture or escape SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bycatch reduction devices; flatfish behaviour; groundgear; skate behaviour; squid behaviour; squid trawl; underwater observation ID COMMERCIAL BOTTOM TRAWL; SIZE-SORTING SYSTEM; PINK SHRIMP FISHERY; OTTER TRAWL; BYCATCH REDUCTION; FLATFISH BEHAVIOR; FINFISH BYCATCH; SELECTIVITY; MAINE; GULF AB Underwater video recordings in the mouth of a squid trawl were used to evaluate the effectiveness of a trawl configured with drop-chain ground-gear to catch longfin inshore squid (Doryteuthis pealeii) and reduce bycatch of finfish in the Nantucket Sound squid fishery off Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA. Entrance through the trawl mouth or escape underneath the fishing line and between drop chains was quantified for targeted squid, and two major bycatch species, summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) and skates (family Rajidae). Additionally, contact and impingement between animals and groundgear were also quantified. Fish and squid swimming behaviours, positions, orientations, and time in the trawl mouth were quantified and related to capture or escape at the trawl mouth. Squid entered the trawl singly and in schools, and no squid were observed escaping under the fishing line. Most squid entered the trawl in the upper portion of the trawl mouth; mantle orientated away from the trawl and swimming in the same direction, and were gradually overtaken, not actively attempting to escape. Summer flounder and skates were observed to remain on or near the seabed, orientated, and swimming in the same direction as the approaching trawl. The majority (60.5%) of summer flounder entered the trawl above the fishing line. Summer flounder that changed their orientation and turned 1808 were significantly more likely to enter the trawl (p < 0.05). Most skates (89.7%) avoided trawl entrance and escaped under the fishing line. Neither squid nor summer flounder were observed to make contact or become impinged to the groundgear; however, 35.4% of skates had substantial contact with groundgear, with 12.3% becoming impinged. Video analysis results showed that the drop-chain trawl is effective at retaining targeted squid while allowing skates to escape. However, it is ineffective at avoiding the capture of summer flounder. C1 [Bayse, Shannon M.; Pol, Michael V.; He, Pingguo] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 706 South Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. [Pol, Michael V.] Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, 1213 Purchase St, New Bedford, MA 02740 USA. [Bayse, Shannon M.] US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Bayse, SM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 706 South Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA.; Bayse, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM sbayse@umassd.edu FU NOAA Fisheries Northeast Cooperative Research Partners Program through the University of New Hampshire [EA133F-09-BAA-17093]; NOAA Inter-jurisdictional Fisheries Management Grant FX We express our thanks to Michael and Andrew Walsh for collaboration and partnership. Additionally, we thank Tor Bendiksen and Reidar's Trawl-Scallop Gear and Marine Supply for design and rigging advice. We also thank David Chosid and Mark Szymanski for their extensive efforts which include project design, field support, and comments and edits that greatly improved the manuscript. Additionally, we thank the crew of F/V "Atlantic Prince" for field support. This research was funded to the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth by NOAA Fisheries Northeast Cooperative Research Partners Program, contract no. EA133F-09-BAA-17093 through the University of New Hampshire. Additional support for Pol was provided by a NOAA Inter-jurisdictional Fisheries Management Grant. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1545 EP 1556 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsw007 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DQ7AK UT WOS:000379358600010 ER PT J AU Le Deit, L Mangold, N Forni, O Cousin, A Lasue, J Schroder, S Wiens, RC Sumner, D Fabre, C Stack, KM Anderson, RB Blaney, D Clegg, S Dromart, G Fisk, M Gasnault, O Grotzinger, JP Gupta, S Lanza, N Le Mouelic, S Maurice, S McLennan, SM Meslin, PY Nachon, M Newsom, H Payre, V Rapin, W Rice, M Sautter, V Treiman, AH AF Le Deit, L. Mangold, N. Forni, O. Cousin, A. Lasue, J. Schroder, S. Wiens, R. C. Sumner, D. Fabre, C. Stack, K. M. Anderson, R. B. Blaney, D. Clegg, S. Dromart, G. Fisk, M. Gasnault, O. Grotzinger, J. P. Gupta, S. Lanza, N. Le Mouelic, S. Maurice, S. McLennan, S. M. Meslin, P. -Y. Nachon, M. Newsom, H. Payre, V. Rapin, W. Rice, M. Sautter, V. Treiman, A. H. TI The potassic sedimentary rocks in Gale Crater, Mars, as seen by ChemCam on board Curiosity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU; INSTRUMENT SUITE; K-FELDSPAR; ORIGIN; ROVER; SANDSTONE; EVOLUTION; ROCKNEST; OLIVINE; OUTCROP AB The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity encountered potassium-rich clastic sedimentary rocks at two sites in Gale Crater, the waypoints Cooperstown and Kimberley. These rocks include several distinct meters thick sedimentary outcrops ranging from fine sandstone to conglomerate, interpreted to record an ancient fluvial or fluvio-deltaic depositional system. From ChemCam Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) chemical analyses, this suite of sedimentary rocks has an overall mean K2O abundance that is more than 5 times higher than that of the average Martian crust. The combined analysis of ChemCam data with stratigraphic and geographic locations reveals that the mean K2O abundance increases upward through the stratigraphic section. Chemical analyses across each unit can be represented as mixtures of several distinct chemical components, i.e., mineral phases, including K-bearing minerals, mafic silicates, Fe-oxides, and Fe-hydroxide/oxyhydroxides. Possible K-bearing minerals include alkali feldspar (including anorthoclase and sanidine) and K-bearing phyllosilicate such as illite. Mixtures of different source rocks, including a potassium-rich rock located on the rim and walls of Gale Crater, are the likely origin of observed chemical variations within each unit. Physical sorting may have also played a role in the enrichment in K in the Kimberley formation. The occurrence of these potassic sedimentary rocks provides additional evidence for the chemical diversity of the crust exposed at Gale Crater. C1 [Le Deit, L.; Mangold, N.; Le Mouelic, S.; Nachon, M.] Univ Nantes, UMR CNRS 6112, LPG Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, Nantes, France. [Forni, O.; Cousin, A.; Lasue, J.; Schroder, S.; Gasnault, O.; Maurice, S.; Meslin, P. -Y.; Rapin, W.] Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, Toulouse, France. [Schroder, S.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Opt Sensorsyst, Berlin, Germany. [Wiens, R. C.; Clegg, S.; Lanza, N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Sumner, D.] Univ Calif Davis, Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fabre, C.; Payre, V.] Univ Lorraine, GeoRessources, Nancy, France. [Stack, K. M.; Blaney, D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Anderson, R. B.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Dromart, G.] ENS Lyon, Lab Geol Lyon, Terre Planetes Environm, Lyon, France. [Fisk, M.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Grotzinger, J. P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gupta, S.] Imperial Coll London, London, England. [McLennan, S. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Newsom, H.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Rice, M.] Western Washington Univ, Geol Dept, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Sautter, V.] Museum Hist Nat, LMCM, Paris, France. [Treiman, A. H.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3303 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Le Deit, L (reprint author), Univ Nantes, UMR CNRS 6112, LPG Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, Nantes, France. EM Laetitia.Ledeit@univ-nantes.fr RI Gasnault, Olivier/F-4327-2010; OI Gasnault, Olivier/0000-0002-6979-9012; Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), France; NASA Mars Program Office FX This work is supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), France, and by the NASA Mars Program Office. We gratefully thank the Curiosity rover operation team at Jet Propulsion Laboratory for the success of this mission. We also thank Jeff Taylor, our anonymous reviewer, and associate editor for their very thoughtful and thorough comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Imaging and chemical data presented here are available in the NASA Planetary Data System (PDS) http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/missions/msl. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAY PY 2016 VL 121 IS 5 BP 784 EP 804 DI 10.1002/2015JE004987 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DR5FB UT WOS:000379927600004 ER PT J AU Plant, NG Thieler, ER Passeri, DL AF Plant, Nathaniel G. Thieler, E. Robert Passeri, Davina L. TI Coupling centennial-scale shoreline change to sea-level rise and coastal morphology in the Gulf of Mexico using a Bayesian network SO EARTHS FUTURE LA English DT Article DE shoreline change; sea-level rise; prediction; dune height; uncertainty; skill ID POTENTIAL IMPACT; EM ALGORITHM; ISLAND; MODEL; HYDRODYNAMICS; MISSISSIPPI; LANDSCAPE; EVOLUTION; OVERWASH; EROSION AB Predictions of coastal evolution driven by episodic and persistent processes associated with storms and relative sea-level rise (SLR) are required to test our understanding, evaluate our predictive capability, and to provide guidance for coastal management decisions. Previous work demonstrated that the spatial variability of long-term shoreline change can be predicted using observed SLR rates, tide range, wave height, coastal slope, and a characterization of the geomorphic setting. The shoreline is not sufficient to indicate which processes are important in causing shoreline change, such as overwash that depends on coastal dune elevations. Predicting dune height is intrinsically important to assess future storm vulnerability. Here, we enhance shoreline-change predictions by including dune height as a variable in a statistical modeling approach. Dune height can also be used as an input variable, but it does not improve the shoreline-change prediction skill. Dune-height input does help to reduce prediction uncertainty. That is, by including dune height, the prediction is more precise but not more accurate. Comparing hindcast evaluations, better predictive skill was found when predicting dune height (0.8) compared with shoreline change (0.6). The skill depends on the level of detail of the model and we identify an optimized model that has high skill and minimal overfitting. The predictive model can be implemented with a range of forecast scenarios, and we illustrate the impacts of a higher future sea-level. This scenario shows that the shoreline change becomes increasingly erosional and more uncertain. Predicted dune heights are lower and the dune height uncertainty decreases. C1 [Plant, Nathaniel G.; Passeri, Davina L.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Thieler, E. Robert] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Plant, NG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM nplant@usgs.gov RI wang, baylor09/C-5190-2009 FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program; USGS Southeast Regional Assessment Project FX We are indebted to our colleagues Ben Gutierrez and Erika Lentz for their roles in guiding our BN model developments. Specifically, Ben has demonstrated to us the value of using storm-related metrics (e.g., dune height) along with long-term change metrics that have been part of our earlier collaboration. Erika exposed the fact that the BN approach included several types of mathematical operations, and that not all of them actually rely on Bayes rule. We are also grateful for the efforts of Elizabeth Pendleton, who assembled much of the data that we relied on and Peter Howd who assembled the data for the first incarnation of the BN model that we utilized here. Thomas Wahl reviewed an early draft of the manuscript and we thank him and two anonymous reviewers for their careful reading and constructive comments that improved the clarity and accuracy of this paper. This work was supported by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program and the USGS Southeast Regional Assessment Project. All data for this paper are properly cited and referred to in the reference list. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2328-4277 J9 EARTHS FUTURE JI Earth Future PD MAY PY 2016 VL 4 IS 5 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1002/2015EF000331 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DR1LP UT WOS:000379667300002 ER PT J AU Passeri, DL Hagen, SC Plant, NG Bilskie, MV Medeiros, SC Alizad, K AF Passeri, Davina L. Hagen, Scott C. Plant, Nathaniel G. Bilskie, Matthew V. Medeiros, Stephen C. Alizad, Karim TI Tidal hydrodynamics under future sea level rise and coastal morphology in the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO EARTHS FUTURE LA English DT Article DE tidal hydrodynamics; sea level rise; Gulf of Mexico; coastal morphology ID TIDES; MISSISSIPPI; IMPACT; PART; SCENARIOS; EVOLUTION; ESTUARY; MODEL AB This study examines the integrated influence of sea level rise (SLR) and future morphology on tidal hydrodynamics along the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) coast including seven embayments and three ecologically and economically significant estuaries. A large-domain hydrodynamic model was used to simulate astronomic tides for present and future conditions (circa 2050 and 2100). Future conditions were simulated by imposing four SLR scenarios to alter hydrodynamic boundary conditions and updating shoreline position and dune heights using a probabilistic model that is coupled to SLR. Under the highest SLR scenario, tidal amplitudes within the bays increased as much as 67% (10.0cm) because of increases in the inlet cross-sectional area. Changes in harmonic constituent phases indicated that tidal propagation was faster in the future scenarios within most of the bays. Maximum tidal velocities increased in all of the bays, especially in Grand Bay where velocities doubled under the highest SLR scenario. In addition, the ratio of the maximum flood to maximum ebb velocity decreased in the future scenarios (i.e., currents became more ebb dominant) by as much as 26% and 39% in Weeks Bay and Apalachicola, respectively. In Grand Bay, the flood-ebb ratio increased (i.e., currents became more flood dominant) by 25% under the lower SLR scenarios, but decreased by 16% under the higher SLR as a result of the offshore barrier islands being overtopped, which altered the tidal prism. Results from this study can inform future storm surge and ecological assessments of SLR, and improve monitoring and management decisions within the NGOM. C1 [Passeri, Davina L.; Plant, Nathaniel G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Hagen, Scott C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Computat & Technol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Bilskie, Matthew V.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Medeiros, Stephen C.; Alizad, Karim] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Passeri, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM dpasseri@usgs.gov RI wang, baylor09/C-5190-2009 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (CSCOR) [NA10NOS4780146]; Louisiana Sea Grant Laborde Chair endowment; National Science Foundation [ACI-1053575] FX The authors wish to thank Christine Szpilka for providing post-processing resources for the simulations and Jenna Brown, Thomas Wahl, Bruce Taggart, and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This research was funded in part under Award NA10NOS4780146 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (CSCOR) and the Louisiana Sea Grant Laborde Chair endowment. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discover Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by the National Science Foundation grant ACI-1053575. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The statements and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA-CSCOR, Louisiana Sea Grant, XSEDE, or their affiliates. All data for this paper are properly cited and referred to in the reference list. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2328-4277 J9 EARTHS FUTURE JI Earth Future PD MAY PY 2016 VL 4 IS 5 BP 159 EP 176 DI 10.1002/2015EF000332 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DR1LP UT WOS:000379667300003 ER PT J AU Bilskie, MV Hagen, SC Alizad, K Medeiros, SC Passeri, DL Needham, HF Cox, A AF Bilskie, Matthew V. Hagen, S. C. Alizad, K. Medeiros, S. C. Passeri, D. L. Needham, H. F. Cox, A. TI Dynamic simulation and numerical analysis of hurricane storm surge under sea level rise with geomorphologic changes along the northern Gulf of Mexico SO EARTHS FUTURE LA English DT Article DE Sea Level Rise; Storm Surge; Hurricane; Climate Change; Land Use Land Cover; Geomorphology ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; POTENTIAL IMPACT; MODEL; HYDRODYNAMICS; LANDSCAPE; EXTREMES; FLORIDA; SYSTEM; WAVES AB This work outlines a dynamic modeling framework to examine the effects of global climate change, and sea level rise (SLR) in particular, on tropical cyclone-driven storm surge inundation. The methodology, applied across the northern Gulf of Mexico, adapts a present day large-domain, high resolution, tide, wind-wave, and hurricane storm surge model to characterize the potential outlook of the coastal landscape under four SLR scenarios for the year 2100. The modifications include shoreline and barrier island morphology, marsh migration, and land use land cover change. Hydrodynamics of 10 historic hurricanes were simulated through each of the five model configurations (present day and four SLR scenarios). Under SLR, the total inundated land area increased by 87% and developed and agricultural lands by 138% and 189%, respectively. Peak surge increased by as much as 1m above the applied SLR in some areas, and other regions were subject to a reduction in peak surge, with respect to the applied SLR, indicating a nonlinear response. Analysis of time-series water surface elevation suggests the interaction between SLR and storm surge is nonlinear in time; SLR increased the time of inundation and caused an earlier arrival of the peak surge, which cannot be addressed using a static (bathtub) modeling framework. This work supports the paradigm shift to using a dynamic modeling framework to examine the effects of global climate change on coastal inundation. The outcomes have broad implications and ultimately support a better holistic understanding of the coastal system and aid restoration and long-term coastal sustainability. C1 [Bilskie, Matthew V.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hagen, S. C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Computat & Technol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Alizad, K.; Medeiros, S. C.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Passeri, D. L.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Needham, H. F.] Marine Weather & Climate, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Cox, A.] Oceanweather Inc, Cos Cob, CT USA. RP Bilskie, MV (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM matt.bilskie@gmail.com RI wang, baylor09/C-5190-2009 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (CSCOR) [NA10NOS4780146]; Northwest Florida Water Management District (NWFWMD) [NFWMD-08-073]; Louisiana Sea Grant Laborde Chair; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ACI-1053575] FX This research was funded in part under award NA10NOS4780146 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (CSCOR), award NFWMD-08-073 from the Northwest Florida Water Management District (NWFWMD), and the Louisiana Sea Grant Laborde Chair. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) grant ACI-1053575 [Towns et al., 2014]. This work also used High Performance Computing at Louisiana State University (LSU) and the Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI). The statements and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA, NWFWMD, Louisiana Sea Grant, XSEDE, NSF, LSU, or LONI. All data for this paper are properly cited and referred to in the reference list. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2328-4277 J9 EARTHS FUTURE JI Earth Future PD MAY PY 2016 VL 4 IS 5 BP 177 EP 193 DI 10.1002/2015EF000347 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DR1LP UT WOS:000379667300004 ER PT J AU Yates, JR Watkins, CJ Quist, MC AF Yates, Jarrod R. Watkins, Carson J. Quist, Michael C. TI Evaluation of Hard Structures Used to Estimate Age of Common Carp SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Common carp; dorsal fin spine; pectoral fin ray; scale; otolith ID PECTORAL FIN RAYS; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; WATER-QUALITY; PRECISION; SHALLOW; FISHES; SCALES; MACROPHYTES; VALIDATION; MORTALITY AB Understanding age distributions and dynamic rate functions is critical for effective management of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) populations, but requires the use of readable hard structures that produce precise age estimates. Various non-lethal hard structures for estimating age of Common Carp have been evaluated, but a comprehensive evaluation of the precision of age estimates and relative readability among widely-used hard structures is lacking. We verified age estimates obtained from asteriscus otoliths, scales, pectoral fin rays, and dorsal fin spines of 207 Common Carp from Crane Creek Reservoir and Lake Lowell in southwestern Idaho. Between-reader precision, readability, and differences in age estimates among hard structures were evaluated. Percent agreement (PA) was lower and the coefficient of variation (CV) was higher for otoliths (PA = 18.4%; CV = 17.6) and scales (PA = 29.7%; CV = 15.4) compared with pectoral fin rays (PA= 51.7%; CV = 4.9) and dorsal fin spines (PA = 65.2%; CV = 3.0). Both readers displayed higher confidence in estimating age using dorsal fin spines than pectoral fin rays. In general, age estimates from scales and otoliths were lower than both pectoral fin rays and dorsal fin spines. Between-reader analysis showed high exact and within-1 year agreement, low CV, and higher confidence ratings for age estimates obtained from dorsal fin spines when compared with the other hard structures. Dorsal fin spines provide the most repeatable estimates of Common Carp age and annuli formed on dorsal fin spines were easily read. Thus, understanding Common Carp population age structure and growth can be achieved using dorsal fin spines. C1 [Yates, Jarrod R.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, 875 Perimeter Dr MS 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Watkins, Carson J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 875 Perimeter Dr MS 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, 875 Perimeter Dr MS 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Yates, Jarrod R.] Washington Dept Fish & Wild Life, 165 Osprey Ln, Toledo, WA 98591 USA. [Watkins, Carson J.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 2885 W Kathleen Ave, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. RP Watkins, CJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 875 Perimeter Dr MS 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.; Watkins, CJ (reprint author), Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 2885 W Kathleen Ave, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. EM carson.watkins@idfg.idaho.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; University of Idaho; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Joseph Kozfkay, Art Butts, and technicians with the Idaho Department of Fish and Game for their assistance with fish sampling; technicians at University of Idaho for assistance with hard structure preparation and processing; and Michael Weber for providing helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Idaho Department of Fish and Game. The Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Idaho, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 90 IS 2 BP 195 EP 205 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ9JA UT WOS:000379525000006 ER PT J AU Schumann, GJP Frye, S Wells, G Adler, R Brakenridge, R Bolten, J Murray, J Slayback, D Policelli, F Kirschbaum, D Wu, H Cappelaere, P Howard, T Flamig, Z Clark, R Stough, T Chini, M Matgen, P Green, D Jones, B AF Schumann, G. J-P. Frye, S. Wells, G. Adler, R. Brakenridge, R. Bolten, J. Murray, J. Slayback, D. Policelli, F. Kirschbaum, D. Wu, H. Cappelaere, P. Howard, T. Flamig, Z. Clark, R. Stough, T. Chini, M. Matgen, P. Green, D. Jones, B. TI Unlocking the full potential of Earth observation during the 2015 Texas flood disaster SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE earth observation; flooding; emergency response ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR AB Intense rainfall during late April and early May 2015 in Texas and Oklahoma led to widespread and sustained flooding in several river basins. Texas state agencies relevant to emergency response were activated when severe weather then ensued for 6 weeks from 8 May until 19 June following Tropical Storm Bill. An international team of scientists and flood response experts assembled and collaborated with decision-making authorities for user-driven high-resolution satellite acquisitions over the most critical areas; while experimental automated flood mapping techniques provided daily ongoing monitoring. This allowed mapping of flood inundation from an unprecedented number of spaceborne and airborne images. In fact, a total of 27,174 images have been ingested to the USGS Hazards Data Distribution System (HDDS) Explorer, except for the SAR images used. Based on the Texas flood use case, we describe the success of this effort as well as the limitations in fulfilling the needs of the decision-makers, and reflect upon these. In order to unlock the full potential for Earth observation data in flood disaster response, we suggest in a call for action (i) stronger collaboration from the onset between agencies, product developers, and decision-makers; (ii) quantification of uncertainties when combining data from different sources in order to augment information content; (iii) include a default role for the end-user in satellite acquisition planning; and (iv) proactive assimilation of methodologies and tools into the mandated agencies. C1 [Schumann, G. J-P.] Remote Sensing Solut Inc, Monrovia, CA 91016 USA. [Schumann, G. J-P.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Frye, S.; Bolten, J.; Policelli, F.; Kirschbaum, D.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wells, G.; Howard, T.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Space Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Adler, R.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brakenridge, R.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, CSDMS, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Murray, J.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Slayback, D.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Wu, H.] ESSIC, College Pk, MD USA. [Wu, H.] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Cappelaere, P.] Vightel Corp, Ellicott City, MD USA. [Flamig, Z.; Clark, R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Stough, T.] NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Chini, M.; Matgen, P.] Luxembourg Inst Sci & Technol, Esch Sur Alzette, Luxembourg. [Green, D.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. [Jones, B.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Schumann, GJP (reprint author), Remote Sensing Solut Inc, Monrovia, CA 91016 USA.; Schumann, GJP (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. EM gjpschumann@gmail.com NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 52 IS 5 BP 3288 EP 3293 DI 10.1002/2015WR018428 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DQ5QL UT WOS:000379259800001 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Buto, SG Susong, DD Rumsey, CA AF Miller, Matthew P. Buto, Susan G. Susong, David D. Rumsey, Christine A. TI The importance of base flow in sustaining surface water flow in the Upper Colorado River Basin SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE groundwater; Colorado River; base flow; SPARROW ID SEPARATION METHODS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; QUALITY DATA; HYDROLOGY; RESOURCES; DROUGHT; TOPOGRAPHY; REGIONS; STREAMS AB The Colorado River has been identified as the most overallocated river in the world. Considering predicted future imbalances between water supply and demand and the growing recognition that base flow (a proxy for groundwater discharge to streams) is critical for sustaining flow in streams and rivers, there is a need to develop methods to better quantify present-day base flow across large regions. We adapted and applied the spatially referenced regression on watershed attributes (SPARROW) water quality model to assess the spatial distribution of base flow, the fraction of streamflow supported by base flow, and estimates of and potential processes contributing to the amount of base flow that is lost during in-stream transport in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB). On average, 56% of the streamflow in the UCRB originated as base flow, and precipitation was identified as the dominant driver of spatial variability in base flow at the scale of the UCRB, with the majority of base flow discharge to streams occurring in upper elevation watersheds. The model estimates an average of 1.8 x 10(10) m(3)/yr of base flow in the UCRB; greater than 80% of which is lost during in-stream transport to the Lower Colorado River Basin via processes including evapotranspiration and water diversion for irrigation. Our results indicate that surface waters in the Colorado River Basin are dependent on base flow, and that management approaches that consider groundwater and surface water as a joint resource will be needed to effectively manage current and future water resources in the Basin. C1 [Miller, Matthew P.; Susong, David D.; Rumsey, Christine A.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Buto, Susan G.] US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM mamiller@usgs.gov OI Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2537-1823 FU U.S. Geological Survey WaterSMART Initiative; National Water Quality Assessment Project of the National Water Quality Program FX We thank Richard Alexander, Gregory Schwarz, and Terry Kenney for their assistance with SPARROW model development. We are also grateful to Molly Maupin for sharing estimates of water withdrawal volumes in the UCRB. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey WaterSMART Initiative and National Water Quality Assessment Project of the National Water Quality Program. Neil Dubrovsky, the Associate Editor, and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. The data for this paper are publicly available at the websites and publications referenced in the text or by contacting the corresponding author. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 52 IS 5 BP 3547 EP 3562 DI 10.1002/2015WR017963 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DQ5QL UT WOS:000379259800016 ER PT J AU Legleiter, CJ AF Legleiter, Carl J. TI Inferring river bathymetry via Image-to-Depth Quantile Transformation (IDQT) SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; depth retrieval; calibration; image processing; gamma distribution; hyperspectral ID VELOCITY FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTIONS; GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; STREAM REACHES; HABITAT SUITABILITY; HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY; MODELS; MORPHOLOGY; FISH; QUANTIFICATION; TOPOGRAPHY AB Conventional, regression-based methods of inferring depth from passive optical image data undermine the advantages of remote sensing for characterizing river systems. This study introduces and evaluates a more flexible framework, Image-to-Depth Quantile Transformation (IDQT), that involves linking the frequency distribution of pixel values to that of depth. In addition, a new image processing workflow involving deep water correction and Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transformation can reduce a hyperspectral data set to a single variable related to depth and thus suitable for input to IDQT. Applied to a gravel bed river, IDQT avoided negative depth estimates along channel margins and underpredictions of pool depth. Depth retrieval accuracy (R-2=0.79) and precision (0.27 m) were comparable to an established band ratio-based method, although a small shallow bias (0.04 m) was observed. Several ways of specifying distributions of pixel values and depths were evaluated but had negligible impact on the resulting depth estimates, implying that IDQT was robust to these implementation details. In essence, IDQT uses frequency distributions of pixel values and depths to achieve an aspatial calibration; the image itself provides information on the spatial distribution of depths. The approach thus reduces sensitivity to misalignment between field and image data sets and allows greater flexibility in the timing of field data collection relative to image acquisition, a significant advantage in dynamic channels. IDQT also creates new possibilities for depth retrieval in the absence of field data if a model could be used to predict the distribution of depths within a reach. C1 [Legleiter, Carl J.] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA. [Legleiter, Carl J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Legleiter, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA.; Legleiter, CJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM cjl@usgs.gov OI Legleiter, Carl/0000-0003-0940-8013 FU Office of Naval Research Littoral Geosciences and Optics Program [N000141010873]; University of Wyoming-National Park Service Research Center [1001576E] FX Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This investigation was supported by grants from the Office of Naval Research Littoral Geosciences and Optics Program (grant N000141010873) and the University of Wyoming-National Park Service Research Center (grant 1001576E). Brandon Overstreet, C.L. Rawlins, and Toby Stegman assisted with field work. The National Park Service granted permission to conduct research in Grand Teton National Park. The University of Wyoming-National Park Service Research Center provided logistical support. The field and image data used in this study are available from the author upon request. Software developed for implementing the methods described herein is provided as supporting information and is posted at www.fluvialremotesensing.org. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 52 IS 5 BP 3722 EP 3741 DI 10.1002/2016WR018730 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DQ5QL UT WOS:000379259800026 ER PT J AU Arvidson, RE Squyres, SW Morris, RV Knoll, AH Gellert, R Clark, BC Catalano, JG Jolliff, BL McLennan, SM Herkenhoff, KE VanBommel, S Mittlefehldt, DW Grotzinger, JP Guinness, EA Johnson, JR Bell, JF Farrand, WH Stein, N Fox, VK Golombek, MP Hinkle, MAG Calvin, WM de Souza, PA AF Arvidson, Raymond E. Squyres, Steven W. Morris, Richard V. Knoll, Andrew H. Gellert, Ralf Clark, Benton C. Catalano, Jeffrey G. Jolliff, Brad L. McLennan, Scott M. Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. VanBommel, Scott Mittlefehldt, David W. Grotzinger, John P. Guinness, Edward A. Johnson, Jeffrey R. Bell, James F., III Farrand, William H. Stein, Nathan Fox, Valerie K. Golombek, Matthew P. Hinkle, Margaret A. G. Calvin, Wendy M. de Souza, Paulo A., Jr. TI High concentrations of manganese and sulfur in deposits on Murray Ridge, Endeavour Crater, Mars SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Mars; geochemistry; mineralogy; manganese oxides; sulfates ID MERIDIANI-PLANUM; IMPACT STRUCTURE; MARTIAN SURFACE; IRON CHEMISTRY; OXIDE MINERALS; SPECTROSCOPY; MODEL AB Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter HiRISE images and Opportunity rover observations of the similar to 22 km wide Noachian age Endeavour Crater on Mars show that the rim and surrounding terrains were densely fractured during the impact crater-forming event. Fractures have also propagated upward into the overlying Burns formation sandstones. Opportunity's observations show that the western crater rim segment, called Murray Ridge, is composed of impact breccias with basaltic compositions, as well as occasional fracture-filling calcium sulfate veins. Cook Haven, a gentle depression on Murray Ridge, and the site where Opportunity spent its sixth winter, exposes highly fractured, recessive outcrops that have relatively high concentrations of S and Cl, consistent with modest aqueous alteration. Opportunity's rover wheels serendipitously excavated and overturned several small rocks from a Cook Haven fracture zone. Extensive measurement campaigns were conducted on two of them: Pinnacle Island and Stuart Island. These rocks have the highest concentrations of Mn and S measured to date by Opportunity and occur as a relatively bright sulfate-rich coating on basaltic rock, capped by a thin deposit of one or more dark Mn oxide phases intermixed with sulfate minerals. We infer from these unique Pinnacle Island and Stuart Island rock measurements that subsurface precipitation of sulfate dominated coatings was followed by an interval of partial dissolution and reaction with one or more strong oxidants (e.g., O-2) to produce the Mn oxide mineral(s) intermixed with sulfate-rich salt coatings. In contrast to arid regions on Earth, where Mn oxides are widely incorporated into coatings on surface rocks, our results demonstrate that on Mars the most likely place to deposit and preserve Mn oxides was in fracture zones where migrating fluids intersected surface oxidants, forming precipitates shielded from subsequent physical erosion. C1 [Arvidson, Raymond E.; Catalano, Jeffrey G.; Jolliff, Brad L.; Guinness, Edward A.; Stein, Nathan; Fox, Valerie K.; Hinkle, Margaret A. G.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Squyres, Steven W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Morris, Richard V.; Mittlefehldt, David W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Knoll, Andrew H.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gellert, Ralf; VanBommel, Scott] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Clark, Benton C.; Farrand, William H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [McLennan, Scott M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Grotzinger, John P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Johnson, Jeffrey R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Bell, James F., III] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Golombek, Matthew P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91011 USA. [Calvin, Wendy M.] Univ Nevada, Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89503 USA. [de Souza, Paulo A., Jr.] CSIRO Digital Prod Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7004, Australia. RP Arvidson, RE (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM arvidson@wunder.wustl.edu RI Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013; de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; OI Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X; de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Hinkle, Margaret/0000-0003-2652-1683 FU Mars Fundamental Research Program FX We thank the Opportunity Project Team at the NASA/Caltech Jet Propulsion Laboratory and scientists from many institutions who made possible the collection of data included in this paper. We thank Paolo Bellutta for help in localizing APXS fields of view and Susan Slavney and Jennifer Ward for careful review and editing of text and figures. Bonnie Redding, U.S. Geological Survey, kindly generated the MI anaglyphs. We also thank NASA for the support needed to operate Opportunity and collect and analyze the data included in this paper and the Mars Fundamental Research Program support to J.G. Catalano. The NASA Planetary Data System Geosciences Node houses the data included in this paper and we thank them for their efforts. See http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 19 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 101 IS 5-6 BP 1389 EP 1405 DI 10.2138/am-2016-5599 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA DP0ND UT WOS:000378185600038 ER PT J AU Prosser, DJ Hungerford, LL Erwin, RM Ottinger, MA Takekawa, JY Newman, SH Xiao, XM Ellis, EC AF Prosser, Diann J. Hungerford, Laura L. Erwin, R. Michael Ottinger, Mary Ann Takekawa, John Y. Newman, Scott H. Xiao, Xiangming Ellis, Erle C. TI Spatial Modeling of Wild Bird Risk Factors for Highly Pathogenic A(H5N1) Avian Influenza Virus Transmission SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 12-15, 2015 CL Univ Georgia, Ctr Continuing Educ, Athens, GA SP Merial, Merck Anim Hlth, CEVA, Amer Assoc Avian Pathologists, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Boehringer Ingelheim Anim Hlth, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Wildlife Serv, US Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, US Dept Interior, US Geol Surv, Zoetis Anim Hlth, OIE FAO Anim Influenza Network, United Nations Food & Agr Org, World Org Anim Hlth HO Univ Georgia, Ctr Continuing Educ DE H5N1; highly pathogenic avian influenza virus; spatial modeling; waterfowl; GIS ID H5N1; DUCKS; CHINA; GEESE; SWANS AB One of the longest-persisting avian influenza viruses in history, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) A (H5N1), continues to evolve after 18 yr, advancing the threat of a global pandemic. Wild waterfowl (family Anatidae) are reported as secondary transmitters of HPAIV and primary reservoirs for low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses, yet spatial inputs for disease risk modeling for this group have been lacking. Using geographic information software and Monte Carlo simulations, we developed geospatial indices of waterfowl abundance at 1 and 30 km resolutions and for the breeding and wintering seasons for China, the epicenter of H5N1. Two spatial layers were developed: cumulative waterfowl abundance (W-AB), a measure of predicted abundance across species, and cumulative abundance weighted by H5N1 prevalence (W-PR), whereby abundance for each species was adjusted based on prevalence values and then totaled across species. Spatial patterns of the model output differed between seasons, with higher W-AB and W-PR in the northern and western regions of China for the breeding season and in the southeast for the wintering season. Uncertainty measures indicated highest error in southeastern China for both W-AB and W-PR. We also explored the effect of resampling waterfowl layers from 1 to 30 km resolution for multiscale risk modeling. Results indicated low average difference (less than 0.16 and 0.01 standard deviations for W-AB and W-PR, respectively), with greatest differences in the north for the breeding season and southeast for the wintering season. This work provides the first geospatial models of waterfowl abundance available for China. The indices provide important inputs for modeling disease transmission risk at the interface of poultry and wild birds. These models are easily adaptable, have broad utility to both disease and conservation needs, and will be available to the scientific community for advanced modeling applications. C1 [Prosser, Diann J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hungerford, Laura L.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Erwin, R. Michael] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Ottinger, Mary Ann] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] Natl Audubon Soc, Div Sci, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Newman, Scott H.] UN, FAO, Emergency Ctr Transboundary Anim Dis, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Xiao, Xiangming] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ellis, Erle C.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Geog & Environm Syst, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Prosser, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dprosser@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 EI 1938-4351 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 60 IS 1 SU S BP 329 EP 336 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DO9EA UT WOS:000378085900033 PM 27309075 ER PT J AU Bailey, E Long, LP Zhao, N Hall, JS Baroch, JA Nolting, J Senter, L Cunningham, FL Pharr, GT Hanson, L Slemons, R DeLiberto, TJ Wanag, XF AF Bailey, Elizabeth Long, Li-Ping Zhao, Nan Hall, Jeffrey S. Baroch, John A. Nolting, Jacqueline Senter, Lucy Cunningham, Frederick L. Pharr, G. Todd Hanson, Larry Slemons, Richard DeLiberto, Thomas J. Wanag, Xiu-Feng TI Antigenic Characterization of H3 Subtypes of Avian Influenza A Viruses from North America SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 12-15, 2015 CL Univ Georgia, Ctr Continuing Educ, Athens, GA SP Merial, Merck Anim Hlth, CEVA, Amer Assoc Avian Pathologists, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Boehringer Ingelheim Anim Hlth, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Wildlife Serv, US Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, US Dept Interior, US Geol Surv, Zoetis Anim Hlth, OIE FAO Anim Influenza Network, United Nations Food & Agr Org, World Org Anim Hlth HO Univ Georgia, Ctr Continuing Educ DE influenza A virus; avian influenza virus; migratory waterfowl; H3; low pathogenic avian influenza virus; antigenic cartography; migratory flyway ID UNITED-STATES; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; SWINE; TRANSMISSION; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; MORTALITY; ASIA; HEMAGGLUTININ AB Besides humans, H3 subtypes of influenza A viruses (IAVs) can infect various animal hosts, including avian, swine, equine, canine, and sea mammal species. These H3 viruses are both antigenically and genetically diverse. Here, we characterized the antigenic diversity of contemporary H3 avian IAVs recovered from migratory birds in North America. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays were performed on 37 H3 isolates of avian IAVs recovered from 2007 to 2011 using generated reference chicken sera. These isolates were recovered from samples taken in the Atlantic, Mississippi, Central, and Pacific waterfowl migration flyways. Antisera to all the tested H3 isolates cross-reacted with each other and, to a lesser extent, with those to H3 canine and H3 equine IAVs. Antigenic cartography showed that the largest antigenic distance among the 37 avian IAVs is about four units, and each unit corresponds to a 2 log & thinsp;(2) difference in the HI titer. However, none of the tested H3 IAVs cross-reacted with ferret sera derived from contemporary swine and human IAVs. Our results showed that the H3 avian IAVs we tested lacked significant antigenic diversity, and these viruses were antigenically different from those circulating in swine and human populations. This suggests that H3 avian IAVs in North American waterfowl are antigenically relatively stable. C1 [Bailey, Elizabeth; Long, Li-Ping; Zhao, Nan; Pharr, G. Todd; Hanson, Larry; Wanag, Xiu-Feng] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Hall, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Baroch, John A.; DeLiberto, Thomas J.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Nolting, Jacqueline; Slemons, Richard] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Senter, Lucy] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Cunningham, Frederick L.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Mississippi Field Stn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Wanag, XF (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM wan@cvm.msstate.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI116744] NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 EI 1938-4351 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 60 IS 1 SU S BP 346 EP 353 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DO9EA UT WOS:000378085900036 PM 27309078 ER PT J AU Ip, HS Dusek, RJ Bodenstein, B Torchetti, MK DeBruyn, P Mansfield, KG DeLiberto, T Sleeman, JM AF Ip, Hon S. Dusek, Robert J. Bodenstein, Barbara Torchetti, Mia Kim DeBruyn, Paul Mansfield, Kristin G. DeLiberto, Thomas Sleeman, Jonathan M. TI High Rates of Detection of Clade 2.3.4.4 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Viruses in Wild Birds in the Pacific Northwest During the Winter of 2014-15 SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 12-15, 2015 CL Univ Georgia, Ctr Continuing Educ, Athens, GA SP Merial, Merck Anim Hlth, CEVA, Amer Assoc Avian Pathologists, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Boehringer Ingelheim Anim Hlth, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Wildlife Serv, US Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, US Dept Interior, US Geol Surv, Zoetis Anim Hlth, OIE FAO Anim Influenza Network, United Nations Food & Agr Org, World Org Anim Hlth HO Univ Georgia, Ctr Continuing Educ DE avian influenza; intercontinental transmission; wild; migratory birds; surveillance strategy; HPAIV; H5Nx ID A(H5N8) VIRUS; SOUTH-KOREA; POULTRY; DUCKS; CHINA AB In 2014, clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses spread across the Republic of Korea and ultimately were reported in China, Japan, Russia, and Europe. Mortality associated with a reassortant HPAI H5N2 virus was detected in poultry farms in western Canada at the end of November. The same strain (with identical genetic structure) was then detected in free-living wild birds that had died prior to December 8, 2014, of unrelated causes in Whatcom County, Washington, U. S. A., in an area contiguous with the index Canadian location. A gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) that had hunted and fed on an American wigeon (Anas americana) on December 6, 2014, in the same area, and died 2 days later, tested positive for the Eurasian-origin HPAI H5N8. Subsequently, an active surveillance program using hunter-harvested waterfowl in Washington and Oregon detected 10 HPAI H5 viruses, of three different subtypes (four H5N2, three H5N8, and three H5N1) with four segments in common (HA, PB2, NP, and MA). In addition, a mortality-based passive surveillance program detected 18 HPAI (14 H5N2 and four H5N8) cases from Idaho, Kansas, Oregon, Minnesota, Montana, Washington, and Wisconsin. Comparatively, mortality-based passive surveillance appears to have detected these HPAI infections at a higher rate than active surveillance during the period following initial introduction into the United States. C1 [Ip, Hon S.; Dusek, Robert J.; Bodenstein, Barbara; Sleeman, Jonathan M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Torchetti, Mia Kim] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [DeBruyn, Paul; Mansfield, Kristin G.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 2315 N Discovery Pl, Olympia, WA 99216 USA. [DeLiberto, Thomas] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Ip, HS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM hip@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 EI 1938-4351 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 60 IS 1 SU S BP 354 EP 358 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DO9EA UT WOS:000378085900037 PM 27309079 ER PT J AU Lang, AS Lebarbenchon, C Ramey, AM Robertson, GJ Waldenstrom, J Wille, M AF Lang, Andrew S. Lebarbenchon, Camille Ramey, Andrew M. Robertson, Gregory J. Waldenstrom, Jonas Wille, Michelle TI Assessing the Role of Seabirds in the Ecology of Influenza A Viruses SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 12-15, 2015 CL Univ Georgia, Ctr Continuing Educ, Athens, GA SP Merial, Merck Anim Hlth, CEVA, Amer Assoc Avian Pathologists, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Boehringer Ingelheim Anim Hlth, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Wildlife Serv, US Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, US Dept Interior, US Geol Surv, Zoetis Anim Hlth, OIE FAO Anim Influenza Network, United Nations Food & Agr Org, World Org Anim Hlth HO Univ Georgia, Ctr Continuing Educ DE murre; tern; penguin; shearwater; marine; virus ecology; influenza ID WILD BIRDS; HEMAGGLUTININ SUBTYPE; TERN VIRUS; GULLS; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB Wild waterbirds, specifically waterfowl, gulls, and shorebirds, are recognized as the primordial reservoir of influenza A viruses (IAVs). However, the role of seabirds, an abundant, diverse, and globally distributed group of birds, in the perpetuation and transmission of IAVs is less clear. Here we summarize published and publicly available data for influenza viruses in seabirds, which for the purposes of this study are defined as birds that exhibit a largely or exclusively pelagic lifestyle and exclude waterfowl, gulls, and shorebirds, and we review this collective dataset to assess the role of seabirds in the influenza A ecology. Since 1961, more than 40,000 samples have been collected worldwide from the seabirds considered here and screened, using a variety of techniques, for evidence of active or past IAV infection. From these data, the overall prevalence of active infection has been estimated to be very low; however, serological data provide evidence that some seabird species are more frequently exposed to IAVs. Sequence data for viruses from seabirds are limited, except for murres (common murre, Uria aalge, and thick-billed murre, Uria lomvia; family Alcidae) for which there are full or partial genome sequences available for more than 80 viruses. Characterization of these viruses suggests that murres are infected with Group 1 hemagglutinin subtype viruses more frequently as compared to Group 2 and also indicates that these northern, circumpolar birds are frequently infected by intercontinental reassortant viruses. Greater temporal and spatial sampling and characterization of additional viruses are required to better understand the role of seabirds in global IAV dynamics. C1 [Lang, Andrew S.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. [Lebarbenchon, Camille] Univ Reunion, UMR PIMIT Proc Infectieux Milieu Insulaire Trop, INSERM, CNRS,IRD 249,1187,9192, St Denis, Reunion. [Ramey, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Robertson, Gregory J.] Environm Canada, Wildlife Res Div, 6 Bruce St, Mt Pearl, ON A1N 4T3, Canada. [Waldenstrom, Jonas; Wille, Michelle] Linnaeus Univ, Ctr Ecol & Evolut Microbial Model Syst, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Lang, AS (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. EM aslang@mun.ca RI Wille, Michelle/F-4819-2013; Lebarbenchon, Camille/H-7245-2013; OI Wille, Michelle/0000-0002-5629-0196; Lebarbenchon, Camille/0000-0002-0922-7573; Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 EI 1938-4351 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 60 IS 1 SU S BP 378 EP 386 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DO9EA UT WOS:000378085900040 PM 27309082 ER PT J AU Waitt, RB AF Waitt, Richard B. TI Megafloods and Clovis cache at Wenatchee, Washington SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Missoula floods; Clovis; Megafloods; Columbia valley ID GLACIAL LAKE MISSOULA; COLUMBIA RIVER VALLEY; CHANNELED SCABLAND; NORTH-AMERICA; PRE-CLOVIS; SOUTHERN WASHINGTON; PROJECTILE POINTS; HUMAN COPROLITES; AGE; JOKULHLAUPS AB Immense late Wisconsin floods from glacial Lake Missoula drowned the Wenatchee reach of Washington's Columbia valley by different routes. The earliest debacles, nearly 19,000 cal yr BP, raged 335 m deep down the Columbia and built high Pangborn bar at Wenatchee. As advancing ice blocked the northwest of Columbia valley, several giant floods descended Moses Coulee and backflooded up the Columbia past Wenatchee. Ice then blocked Moses Coulee, and Grand Coulee to Quincy basin became the westmost floodway. From Quincy basin many Missoula floods backflowed 50 km upvalley to Wenatchee 18,000 to 15,500 years ago. Receding ice dammed glacial Lake Columbia centuries more till it burst about 15,000 years ago. After Glacier Peak ashfall about 13,600 years ago, smaller great flood(s) swept down the Columbia from glacial Lake Kootenay in British Columbia. The East Wenatchee cache of huge fluted Clovis points had been laid atop Pangborn bar after the Glacier Peak ashfall, then buried by loess. Clovis people came five and a half millennia after the early gigantic Missoula floods, two and a half millennia after the last small Missoula flood, and two millennia after the glacial Lake Columbia flood. People likely saw outburst flood(s) from glacial Lake Kootenay. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington. C1 [Waitt, Richard B.] US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Waitt, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM waitt@usgs.gov NR 107 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 85 IS 3 BP 430 EP 444 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2016.02.007 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DO8EB UT WOS:000378014300009 ER PT J AU Soulard, CE Albano, CM Villarreal, ML Walker, JJ AF Soulard, Christopher E. Albano, Christine M. Villarreal, Miguel L. Walker, Jessica J. TI Continuous 1985-2012 Landsat Monitoring to Assess Fire Effects on Meadows in Yosemite National Park, California SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE wildfire; meadow; vegetation change; NDVI; Google Earth Engine; Landsat; Sierra Nevada; Yosemite ID SUB-ALPINE MEADOWS; TIME-SERIES; CONIFER ENCROACHMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; VEGETATION RECOVERY; SURFACE REFLECTANCE; FOREST DISTURBANCE; DETECTING TRENDS; SIERRA-NEVADA; COVER CHANGE AB To assess how montane meadow vegetation recovered after a wildfire that occurred in Yosemite National Park, CA in 1996, Google Earth Engine image processing was applied to leverage the entire Landsat Thematic Mapper archive from 1985 to 2012. Vegetation greenness (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)) was summarized every 16 days across the 28-year Landsat time series for 26 meadows. Disturbance event detection was hindered by the subtle influence of low-severity fire on meadow vegetation. A hard break (August 1996) was identified corresponding to the Ackerson Fire, and monthly composites were used to compare NDVI values and NDVI trends within burned and unburned meadows before, immediately after, and continuously for more than a decade following the fire date. Results indicate that NDVI values were significantly lower at 95% confidence level for burned meadows following the fire date, yet not significantly lower at 95% confidence level in the unburned meadows. Burned meadows continued to exhibit lower monthly NDVI in the dormant season through 2012. Over the entire monitoring period, the negative-trending, dormant season NDVI slopes in the burned meadows were also significantly lower than unburned meadows at 90% confidence level. Lower than average NDVI values and slopes in the dormant season compared to unburned meadows, coupled with photographic evidence, strongly suggest that evergreen vegetation was removed from the periphery of some meadows after the fire. These analyses provide insight into how satellite imagery can be used to monitor low-severity fire effects on meadow vegetation. C1 [Soulard, Christopher E.; Villarreal, Miguel L.; Walker, Jessica J.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-531, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Albano, Christine M.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Soulard, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-531, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM csoulard@usgs.gov; calbano@ucdavis.edu; mvillarreal@usgs.gov; jjwalker@usgs.gov OI Villarreal, Miguel/0000-0003-0720-1422; Soulard, Christopher/0000-0002-5777-9516 FU U.S. Department of Interior Southwest Climate Science Center (SWCSC) [G14AP00101] FX The U.S. Department of Interior Southwest Climate Science Center (SWCSC) supported this study (Grant #G14AP00101). We thank J.L. Huntington and C.G. Morton from the University of Nevada Desert Research Institute in Reno, who performed the continuous NDVI analysis in Google Earth Engine. We also thank Mara Tongue (USGS), Zhouting Wu (USGS), and five anonymous reviewers for their insightful reviews of prior versions of the article. Any use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 14 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 8 IS 5 AR 371 DI 10.3390/rs8050371 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DP3PC UT WOS:000378406400015 ER PT J AU Sihota, NJ Trost, JJ Bekins, BA Berg, A Delin, GN Mason, B Warren, E Mayer, KU AF Sihota, N. J. Trost, J. J. Bekins, B. A. Berg, A. Delin, G. N. Mason, B. Warren, E. Mayer, K. U. TI Seasonal Variability in Vadose Zone Biodegradation at a Crude Oil Pipeline Rupture Site SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ATTENUATION PROCESSES; HYDROCARBON SPILL SITES; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL-MOISTURE; MINE DRAINAGE; RESPIRATION; TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT; BEMIDJI AB Understanding seasonal changes in natural attenuation processes is critical for evaluating source-zone longevity and informing management decisions. The seasonal variations of natural attenuation were investigated through measurements of surficial CO2 effluxes, shallow soil CO2 radiocarbon contents, subsurface gas concentrations, soil temperature, and volumetric water contents during a 2-yr period. Surficial CO2 effluxes varied seasonally, with peak values of total soil respiration (TSR) occurring in the late spring and summer. Efflux and radiocarbon data indicated that the fractional contributions of natural soil respiration (NSR) and contaminant soil respiration (CSR) to TSR varied seasonally. The NSR dominated in the spring and summer, and CSR dominated in the fall and winter. Subsurface gas concentrations also varied seasonally, with peak values of CO2 and CH4 occurring in the fall and winter. Vadose zone temperatures and subsurface CO2 concentrations revealed a correlation between contaminant respiration and temperature. A time lag of 5 to 7 mo between peak subsurface CO2 concentrations and peak surface efflux is consistent with travel-time estimates for subsurface gas migration. Periods of frozen soils coincided with depressed surface CO2 effluxes and elevated CO2 concentrations, pointing to the temporary presence of an ice layer that inhibited gas transport. Quantitative reactive transport simulations demonstrated aspects of the conceptual model developed from field measurements. Overall, results indicated that source-zone natural attenuation (SZNA) rates and gas transport processes varied seasonally and that the average annual SZNA rate estimated from periodic surface efflux measurements is 60% lower than rates determined from measurements during the summer. C1 [Sihota, N. J.; Mayer, K. U.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Sihota, N. J.] Chevron Energy Technol Co, 6001 Bollinger Canyon Rd, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. [Trost, J. J.; Berg, A.; Mason, B.] US Geol Survey, 2280 Woodale Dr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. [Bekins, B. A.; Warren, E.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Delin, G. N.] US Geol Survey, DFC, Box 25046,MS 406, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Sihota, NJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.; Sihota, NJ (reprint author), Chevron Energy Technol Co, 6001 Bollinger Canyon Rd, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA.; Trost, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2280 Woodale Dr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. EM nsihota@chevron.com; jtrost@usgs.gov OI Mayer, K. Ulrich/0000-0002-4168-781X FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; USGS's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site; collaborative venture of the USGS; Enbridge Energy Limited Partnership; Minnesota Pollution Control Agency; Beltrami County FX Funding for this research was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada through a Discovery Grant (DG), a Discovery Accelerator Supplement (DAS) Award, and a Research Tools and Instrument (RTI) Grant held by K.U. Mayer, as well as a PGS-D scholarship held by N. Sihota. Funding was also provided by the USGS's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and from the National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site, a collaborative venture of the USGS, Enbridge Energy Limited Partnership, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, and Beltrami County. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Constructive comments by Dave Stonestrom (USGS, Menlo Park, CA) and two anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 15 IS 5 DI 10.2136/vzj2015.09.0125 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA DP2PW UT WOS:000378332400001 ER PT J AU Snedden, GA AF Snedden, Gregg A. TI Drivers of Barotropic and Baroclinic Exchange through an Estuarine Navigation Channel in the Mississippi River Delta Plain SO WATER LA English DT Article DE estuaries; salt transport; circulation; wavelet analysis; Mississippi River delta ID PARTIALLY MIXED ESTUARY; SEA-LEVEL VARIABILITY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; NW SPAIN; CIRCULATION; WIND; SALINITY; STRATIFICATION; TOLERANCE AB Estuarine navigation channels have long been recognized as conduits for saltwater intrusion into coastal wetlands. Salt flux decomposition and time series measurements of velocity and salinity were used to examine salt flux components and drivers of baroclinic and barotropic exchange in the Houma Navigation Channel, an estuarine channel located in the Mississippi River delta plain that receives substantial freshwater inputs from the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River system at its inland extent. Two modes of vertical current structure were identified from the time series data. The first mode, accounting for 90% of the total flow field variability, strongly resembled a barotropic current structure and was coherent with alongshelf wind stress over the coastal Gulf of Mexico. The second mode was indicative of gravitational circulation and was linked to variability in tidal stirring and the horizontal salinity gradient along the channel's length. Tidal oscillatory salt flux was more important than gravitational circulation in transporting salt upestuary, except over equatorial phases of the fortnightly tidal cycle during times when river inflows were minimal. During all tidal cycles sampled, the advective flux, driven by a combination of freshwater discharge and wind-driven changes in storage, was the dominant transport term, and net flux of salt was always out of the estuary. These findings indicate that although human-made channels can effectively facilitate inland intrusion of saline water, this intrusion can be minimized or even reversed when they are subject to significant freshwater inputs. C1 [Snedden, Gregg A.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Snedden, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM sneddeng@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management FX This study was funded in part by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. Holly Beck provided assistance with the figures in this manuscript. Erick Swenson provided a critical review of an earlier version of this manuscript. Thanks to Michael Descant, Brett Patton, David Heckman, Michael Bell, Todd Baumann, Paul Frederick, Lane Simmons, Errol Meche, Calvin Jones, Van Bergeron, and Garron Ross for assistance in the field. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD MAY PY 2016 VL 8 IS 5 AR UNSP 184 DI 10.3390/w8050184 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DO7SW UT WOS:000377984300015 ER PT J AU Chu, DZ Lawson, GL Wiebe, PH AF Chu, Dezhang Lawson, Gareth L. Wiebe, Peter H. TI Estimation of biological parameters of marine organisms using linear and nonlinear acoustic scattering model-based inversion methods SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WESTERN ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; TARGET-STRENGTH; SOUND-SCATTERING; EUPHAUSIID AGGREGATIONS; ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS; INDIVIDUAL FISH; KRILL; BIOMASS; CYLINDERS; ABUNDANCE AB The linear inversion commonly used in fisheries and zooplankton acoustics assumes a constant inversion kernel and ignores the uncertainties associated with the shape and behavior of the scattering targets, as well as other relevant animal parameters. Here, errors of the linear inversion due to uncertainty associated with the inversion kernel are quantified. A scattering model-based nonlinear inversion method is presented that takes into account the nonlinearity of the inverse problem and is able to estimate simultaneously animal abundance and the parameters associated with the scattering model inherent to the kernel. It uses sophisticated scattering models to estimate first, the abundance, and second, the relevant shape and behavioral parameters of the target organisms. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the abundance, size, and behavior (tilt angle) parameters of marine animals (fish or zooplankton) can be accurately inferred from the inversion by using multi-frequency acoustic data. The influence of the singularity and uncertainty in the inversion kernel on the inversion results can be mitigated by examining the singular values for linear inverse problems and employing a non-linear inversion involving a scattering model-based kernel. C1 [Chu, Dezhang] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Lawson, Gareth L.; Wiebe, Peter H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Chu, DZ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM dezhang.chu@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0928801]; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; NOAA Cooperative Agreement through the NOAA Fisheries Quantitative Ecology and Socioeconomics Training (QUEST) program [NA09OAR4320129, NA14OAR4320158] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE-0928801 and the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center. G.L.L. was partially supported by NOAA Cooperative Agreement Nos. NA09OAR4320129 and NA14OAR4320158 through the NOAA Fisheries Quantitative Ecology and Socioeconomics Training (QUEST) program. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 139 IS 5 BP 2885 EP 2895 DI 10.1121/1.4948759 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA DO3XF UT WOS:000377715100069 PM 27250181 ER PT J AU Crowell, SE Wells-Berlin, AM Therrien, RE Yannuzzi, SE Carr, CE AF Crowell, Sara E. Wells-Berlin, Alicia M. Therrien, Ronald E. Yannuzzi, Sally E. Carr, Catherine E. TI In-air hearing of a diving duck: A comparison of psychoacoustic and auditory brainstem response thresholds SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LESSER SCAUP; MELOPSITTACUS-UNDULATUS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SENSITIVITY; AUDIOGRAMS; CANARIES; BIRDS AB Auditory sensitivity was measured in a species of diving duck that is not often kept in captivity, the lesser scaup. Behavioral (psychoacoustics) and electrophysiological [the auditory brainstem response (ABR)] methods were used to measure in-air auditory sensitivity, and the resulting audiograms were compared. Both approaches yielded audiograms with similar U-shapes and regions of greatest sensitivity (2000 - 3000 Hz). However, ABR thresholds were higher than psychoacoustic thresholds at all frequencies. This difference was least at the highest frequency tested using both methods (5700 Hz) and greatest at 1000 Hz, where the ABR threshold was 26.8 dB higher than the behavioral measure of threshold. This difference is commonly reported in studies involving many different species. These results highlight the usefulness of each method, depending on the testing conditions and availability of the animals. C1 [Crowell, Sara E.; Wells-Berlin, Alicia M.; Therrien, Ronald E.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Yannuzzi, Sally E.; Carr, Catherine E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Therrien, Ronald E.] EcoSmart Res, 202 Baltimore Dr, Stevensville, MD 21666 USA. RP Crowell, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM scrowell@usgs.gov FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [DC00436, P30 DC004664]; National Institute of Deafness and Communicative Disorders of the National Institutes of Health [T32DC-0046]; U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center FX The Animal Care and Use Committees at both the University of Maryland and the U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (where the birds were housed and tested) approved all of the following procedures. We thank Robert Dooling, Arthur Popper, and Cynthia Moss for valuable input. Funding for this project was provided by several sources: National Institutes of Health (NIH) DC00436 to C.E.C., NIH P30 DC004664 to the University of Maryland Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, by training grant T32DC-0046 from the National Institute of Deafness and Communicative Disorders of the National Institutes of Health, and from U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 139 IS 5 BP 3001 EP 3008 DI 10.1121/1.4948574 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA DO3XF UT WOS:000377715100079 PM 27250191 ER PT J AU Smith, JB Windels, SK Wolf, T Klaver, RW Belant, JL AF Smith, Joshua B. Windels, Steve K. Wolf, Tiffany Klaver, Robert W. Belant, Jerrold L. TI Do transmitters affect survival and body condition of American beavers Castor canadensis? SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIO TRANSMITTERS; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS; NATIONAL-PARK; BEHAVIOR; IMPLANTATION; MINNESOTA; CANADA; FIBER; POPULATIONS; TELEMETRY AB One key assumption often inferred with using radio-equipped individuals is that the transmitter has no effect on the metric of interest. To evaluate this assumption, we used a known fate model to assess the effect of transmitter type (i.e. tail-mounted or peritoneal implant) on short-term (one year) survival and a joint live-dead recovery model and results from a mark-recapture study to compare long-term (eight years) survival and body condition of ear-tagged only American beavers Castor canadensis to those equipped with radio transmitters in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, USA. Short-term (1-year) survival was not influenced by transmitter type (w(i) = 0.64). Over the 8-year study period, annual survival was similar between transmitter-equipped beavers (tail-mounted and implant transmitters combined; 0.76; 95% CI = 0.45-0.91) versus ear-tagged only (0.78; 95% CI = 0.45-0.93). Additionally, we found no difference in weight gain (t(9) = 0.25, p = 0.80) or tail area (t(11) = 1.25, p = 0.24) from spring to summer between the two groups. In contrast, winter weight loss (t(22) = -2.03, p = 0.05) and tail area decrease (t(30) = -3.04, p = 0.01) was greater for transmitterequipped (weight = -3.09 kg, SE = 0.55; tail area = -33.71 cm(2), SE = 4.80) than ear-tagged only (weight = -1.80 kg, SE = 0.33; tail area = -12.38 cm(2), SE = 5.13) beavers. Our results generally support the continued use of transmitters on beavers for estimating demographic parameters, although we recommend additional assessments of transmitter effects under different environmental conditions. C1 [Smith, Joshua B.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, POB Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. [Windels, Steve K.] Voyageurs Natl Pk, 360 Hwy 11 E, Int Falls, MN 56649 USA. [Wolf, Tiffany] Minnesota Zoo, 13000 Zoo Blvd, Apple Valley, MN 55124 USA. [Wolf, Tiffany] Univ Minnesota, Vet Populat Med, 1988 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Belant, Jerrold L.] Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Carnivore Ecol Lab, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Windels, SK (reprint author), Voyageurs Natl Pk, 360 Hwy 11 E, Int Falls, MN 56649 USA. EM steve_windels@nps.gov FU Voyageurs National Park; U.S. National Park Service; Minnesota Zoo; Voyageurs National Park Association FX We thank numerous field technicians, volunteers and colleagues who helped with beaver trapping. We also thank many fur trappers for reporting capture of ear-tagged beavers. Funding was provided by Voyageurs National Park, U.S. National Park Service, and the Minnesota Zoo. Funding for the analyses and manuscript preparation was provided by a generous donation from the Voyageurs National Park Association. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 14 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 EI 1903-220X J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 22 IS 3 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.2981/wlb.00160 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DO5DP UT WOS:000377804100006 ER PT J AU Stewart, JP Boore, DM Seyhan, E Atkinson, GM AF Stewart, Jonathan P. Boore, David M. Seyhan, Emel Atkinson, Gail M. TI NGA-West2 Equations for Predicting Vertical-Component PGA, PGV, and 5%-Damped PSA from Shallow Crustal Earthquakes SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION; SPECTRAL RATIOS; DESIGN SPECTRA; MIDDLE-EAST; MOTION; DATABASE; EUROPE AB We present ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for computing natural log means and standard deviations of vertical-component intensity measures (IMs) for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions. The equations were derived from a global database with M 3.0-7.9 events. The functions are similar to those for our horizontal GMPEs. We derive equations for the primary M- and distance-dependence of peak acceleration, peak velocity, and 5%-damped pseudo-spectral accelerations at oscillator periods between 0.01-10 s. We observe pronounced M-dependent geometric spreading and region-dependent anelastic attenuation for high-frequency IMs. We do not observe significant region-dependence in site amplification. Aleatory uncertainty is found to decrease with increasing magnitude; within-event variability is independent of distance. Compared to our horizontal-component GMPEs, attenuation rates are broadly comparable (somewhat slower geometric spreading, faster apparent anelastic attenuation), V-S30-scaling is reduced, nonlinear site response is much weaker, within-event variability is comparable, and between-event variability is greater. C1 [Stewart, Jonathan P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Seyhan, Emel] Risk Management Solut, 7575 Gateway Blvd, Newark, CA 94560 USA. [Atkinson, Gail M.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. RP Stewart, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. EM jstewart@seas.ucla.edu FU Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER); California Earthquake Authority; California Department of Transportation; Pacific Gas & Electric Company; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This NGA-West2 study was sponsored by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority, the California Department of Transportation, and the Pacific Gas & Electric Company. Participation of the fourth author was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. This study has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication consistent with U.S. Geological Survey Fundamental Science Practices policies, but does not necessarily reflect the opinions, findings, or conclusions of the other sponsoring agencies. Any use of trade, Eta, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work described in this report benefitted from the constructive discussions among the NGA vertical GMPE developers N. A. Abrahamson, Y. Bozorgnia, K. W. Campbell, B. Chiou, Z. Gulerce, I. M. Idriss, R. Kamai, W. J. Silva, and R. E. Youngs. Input from other supporting researchers was also valuable, especially T. Kishida. We thank John Zhao, Chuck Mueller, Diane Moore, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on this paper. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2016 VL 32 IS 2 BP 1005 EP 1031 DI 10.1193/072114EQS116M PG 27 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA DN9SN UT WOS:000377421100016 ER PT J AU Rai, M Rodriguez-Marek, A Yong, A AF Rai, Manisha Rodriguez-Marek, Adrian Yong, Alan TI An Empirical Model to Predict Topographic Effects in Strong Ground Motion Using California Small- to Medium-Magnitude Earthquake Database SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TOPOGRAPHY; LANDFORM ELEMENTS; DIFFRACTED WAVES; SEISMIC-WAVES; SAN-FERNANDO; PACOIMA-DAM; FUZZY; CLASSIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; TARZANA AB We develop a model to predict the effects of topography on earthquake ground motions using a database of small- to medium-magnitude earthquakes from California. The proposed model relies on a parameter called relative elevation that quantifies topography using the elevation of a site relative to its surroundings. We also investigate an alternative parameterization of topography called smoothed curvature. We study the bias in the residuals from the Chiou et al. (2010) ground motion model with respect to these parameters and fit a model to remedy those biases. We then compare these models by assessing their goodness of fit to the data. The proposed model for topographic effects is intended as a correction to the Chiou et al. (2010) small- to medium-magnitude earthquake prediction model. C1 [Rai, Manisha; Rodriguez-Marek, Adrian] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Yong, Alan] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Rai, M (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. FU National Science Foundation [CMII 1132373]; California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP) [1012-955] FX This research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under award number CMII 1132373 and the California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP) under Standard Agreement No. 1012-955. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or CSMIP. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Brian Chiou who provided the residuals for the Chiou et al. (2010) database. The constructive comments from the Editor, the Editorial Board Member and three anonymous reviewers have also greatly improved this manuscript. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAY PY 2016 VL 32 IS 2 BP 1033 EP 1054 DI 10.1193/113014EQS202M PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA DN9SN UT WOS:000377421100017 ER PT J AU Bjorndal, KA Chaloupka, M Saba, VS Diez, CE van Dam, RP Krueger, BH Horrocks, JA Santos, AJB Bellini, C Marcovaldi, MAG Nava, M Willis, S Godley, BJ Gore, S Hawkes, LA McGowan, A Witt, MJ Stringell, TB Sanghera, A Richardson, PB Broderick, AC Phillips, Q Calosso, MC Claydon, JAB Blumenthal, J Moncada, F Nodarse, G Medina, Y Dunbar, SG Wood, LD Lagueux, CJ Campbell, CL Meylan, AB Meylan, PA Perez, VRB Coleman, RA Strindberg, S Guzman, V Hart, KM Cherkiss, MS Hillis-Starr, Z Lundgren, IF Boulon, RH Connett, S Outerbridge, ME Bolten, AB AF Bjorndal, Karen A. Chaloupka, Milani Saba, Vincent S. Diez, Carlos E. van Dam, Robert P. Krueger, Barry H. Horrocks, Julia A. Santos, Armando J. B. Bellini, Claudio Marcovaldi, Maria A. G. Nava, Mabel Willis, Sue Godley, Brendan J. Gore, Shannon Hawkes, Lucy A. McGowan, Andrew Witt, Matthew J. Stringell, Thomas B. Sanghera, Amdeep Richardson, Peter B. Broderick, Annette C. Phillips, Quinton Calosso, Marta C. Claydon, John A. B. Blumenthal, Janice Moncada, Felix Nodarse, Gonzalo Medina, Yosvani Dunbar, Stephen G. Wood, Lawrence D. Lagueux, Cynthia J. Campbell, Cathi L. Meylan, Anne B. Meylan, Peter A. Perez, Virginia R. Burns Coleman, Robin A. Strindberg, Samantha Guzman-H, Vicente Hart, Kristen M. Cherkiss, Michael S. Hillis-Starr, Zandy Lundgren, Ian F. Boulon, Ralf H., Jr. Connett, Stephen Outerbridge, Mark E. Bolten, Alan B. TI Somatic growth dynamics of West Atlantic hawksbill sea turtles: a spatio-temporal perspective SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE climate effects; coral reefs; Eretmochelys imbricata; Greater Caribbean; marine turtles; multivariate ENSO index; sea surface temperature; somatic growth rates; West Atlantic ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CARIBBEAN CORAL-REEF; GULF-OF-MEXICO; ERETMOCHELYS-IMBRICATA; MARINE TURTLES; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RATES; RAINFALL; FLORIDA AB Somatic growth dynamics are an integrated response to environmental conditions. Hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) are long-lived, major consumers in coral reef habitats that move over broad geographic areas (hundreds to thousands of kilometers). We evaluated spatio-temporal effects on hawksbill growth dynamics over a 33-yr period and 24 study sites throughout the West Atlantic and explored relationships between growth dynamics and climate indices. We compiled the largest ever data set on somatic growth rates for hawksbills -3541 growth increments from 1980 to 2013. Using generalized additive mixed model analyses, we evaluated 10 covariates, including spatial and temporal variation, that could affect growth rates. Growth rates throughout the region responded similarly over space and time. The lack of a spatial effect or spatio-temporal interaction and the very strong temporal effect reveal that growth rates in West Atlantic hawksbills are likely driven by region-wide forces. Between 1997 and 2013, mean growth rates declined significantly and steadily by 18%. Regional climate indices have significant relationships with annual growth rates with 0- or 1-yr lags: positive with the Multivariate El Nino Southern Oscillation Index (correlation = 0.99) and negative with Caribbean sea surface temperature (correlation = -0.85). Declines in growth rates between 1997 and 2013 throughout the West Atlantic most likely resulted from warming waters through indirect negative effects on foraging resources of hawksbills. These climatic influences are complex. With increasing temperatures, trajectories of decline of coral cover and availability in reef habitats of major prey species of hawksbills are not parallel. Knowledge of how choice of foraging habitats, prey selection, and prey abundance are affected by warming water temperatures is needed to understand how climate change will affect productivity of consumers that live in association with coral reefs. C1 [Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Chaloupka, Milani] Univ Queensland, Ecol Modelling Serv PL, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Saba, Vincent S.] Princeton Univ, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Diez, Carlos E.] Dept Recursos Nat & Ambientales, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [van Dam, Robert P.] Chelonia Inc, San Juan, PR 00902 USA. [Krueger, Barry H.; Horrocks, Julia A.] Univ W Indies, Dept Biol & Chem Sci, Cave Hill Campus, St Michael, Barbados. [Santos, Armando J. B.] Fundacao Pro TAMAR, BR-53990000 Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco, Brazil. [Bellini, Claudio] Parnamirim, Base Parnamirim, Ctr Tamar ICMBio, BR-59160530 Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil. [Marcovaldi, Maria A. G.] Fundacao Pro TAMAR, BR-41815135 Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Nava, Mabel; Willis, Sue] Sea Turtle Conservat Bonaire, Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean, Netherlands. [Godley, Brendan J.; Hawkes, Lucy A.; McGowan, Andrew; Stringell, Thomas B.; Broderick, Annette C.] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9FE, England. [Gore, Shannon] Associat Reef Keepers, Tortola, British Virgin, North Ireland. [Witt, Matthew J.] Univ Exeter, Environm & Sustainabil Inst, Penryn TR10 9FE, England. [Sanghera, Amdeep; Richardson, Peter B.] Marine Conservat Soc, Ross On Wye HR9 5NB, Herts, England. [Phillips, Quinton] Dept Environm & Maritime Affairs, South Caicos, Turks & Caicos, Bahamas. [Calosso, Marta C.; Claydon, John A. B.] Ctr Marine Resource Studies, Sch Field Studies, South Caicos, Turks & Caicos, Bahamas. [Blumenthal, Janice] Dept Environm, KY1-1002, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, North Ireland. [Moncada, Felix; Nodarse, Gonzalo; Medina, Yosvani] Ctr Invest Pesqueras, CP 19100, Havana, Cuba. [Dunbar, Stephen G.] Loma Linda Univ, Dept Earth & Biol Sci, Protect Turtle Ecol Ctr Training Outreach & Res I, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. [Wood, Lawrence D.] Natl Save Sea Turtle Fdn, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33308 USA. [Lagueux, Cynthia J.; Campbell, Cathi L.; Strindberg, Samantha] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Global Conservat Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Meylan, Anne B.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Meylan, Peter A.] Eckerd Coll, Nat Sci Collegium, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA. [Perez, Virginia R. Burns; Coleman, Robin A.] Wildlife Conservat Soc Belize, Belize City, Belize. [Guzman-H, Vicente] Comis Nacl Areas Nat Protegidas, Area Protecc Flora & Fauna Laguna de Terminos, Ciudad Del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico. [Hart, Kristen M.; Cherkiss, Michael S.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Hillis-Starr, Zandy; Lundgren, Ian F.] Buck Isl Reef Natl Monument, Natl Pk Serv, St Croix, VI 00821 USA. [Boulon, Ralf H., Jr.] Natl Pk Serv, St John, VI 00802 USA. [Connett, Stephen] Family Isl Sea Turtle Res & Educ, Newport, RI 02840 USA. [Outerbridge, Mark E.] Dept Conservat Serv, Hamilton, Bermuda. [Krueger, Barry H.] Marine Environm Survey, Perth, WA, Australia. [Stringell, Thomas B.] Nat Resources Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales. [Calosso, Marta C.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Claydon, John A. B.] Dept Environm & Maritime Affairs, Providenciales, Turks & Caicos, Bahamas. [Lagueux, Cynthia J.; Campbell, Cathi L.] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lagueux, Cynthia J.; Campbell, Cathi L.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Coleman, Robin A.] Sawfish Consulting Ltd, Belmopan City, Belize. [Lundgren, Ian F.] US Navy, Honolulu, HI 96860 USA. RP Bjorndal, KA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM bjorndal@ufl.edu OI Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901 NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAY PY 2016 VL 7 IS 5 AR e01279 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1279 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN6VS UT WOS:000377215200013 ER PT J AU Hoekman, D Springer, YP Barker, CM Barrera, R Blackmore, MS Bradshaw, WE Foley, DH Ginsberg, HS Hayden, MH Holzapfel, CM Juliano, SA Kramer, LD LaDeau, SL Livdahl, TP Moore, CG Nasci, RS Reisen, WK Savage, HM AF Hoekman, D. Springer, Y. P. Barker, C. M. Barrera, R. Blackmore, M. S. Bradshaw, W. E. Foley, D. H. Ginsberg, H. S. Hayden, M. H. Holzapfel, C. M. Juliano, S. A. Kramer, L. D. LaDeau, S. L. Livdahl, T. P. Moore, C. G. Nasci, R. S. Reisen, W. K. Savage, H. M. TI Design for mosquito abundance, diversity, and phenology sampling within the National Ecological Observatory Network SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE abundance; climate; Culicidae; diversity; global change; long-term monitoring; mosquito; phenology; Special Feature: NEON Design ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; BORNE DISEASES; KERN COUNTY; CLIMATE; TRAPS; SURVEILLANCE; ENVIRONMENT; CALIFORNIA; CATCHES AB The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) intends to monitor mosquito populations across its broad geographical range of sites because of their prevalence in food webs, sensitivity to abiotic factors, and relevance for human health. We describe the design of mosquito population sampling in the context of NEON's long-term continental scale monitoring program, emphasizing the sampling design schedule, priorities, and collection methods. Freely available NEON data and associated field and laboratory samples, will increase our understanding of how mosquito abundance, demography, diversity, and phenology are responding to land use and climate change. C1 [Hoekman, D.; Springer, Y. P.] Natl Ecol Observ Network NEON Inc, 1685 38th St Suite 100, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Springer, Y. P.; Nasci, R. S.; Savage, H. M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, 3156 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Barker, C. M.; Reisen, W. K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Barker, C. M.; Reisen, W. K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Barrera, R.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00969 USA. [Blackmore, M. S.] Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. [Bradshaw, W. E.; Holzapfel, C. M.] Univ Oregon, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Foley, D. H.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Div Entomol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ginsberg, H. S.] Univ Rhode Isl, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Coastal Field Stn,PSE, Woodward Hall, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Hayden, M. H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Juliano, S. A.] Illinois State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Normal, IL 61790 USA. [Kramer, L. D.] New York State Dept Hlth, Arbovirus Lab, Wadsworth Ctr, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA. [Kramer, L. D.] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [LaDeau, S. L.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Livdahl, T. P.] Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Moore, C. G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, 1690 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hoekman, D.] Southern Nazarene Univ, Dept Biol, 6729 NW 39th Expressway, Bethany, OK 73008 USA. [Nasci, R. S.] North Shore Mosquito Abatement Dist, 117 Northfield Rd, Northfield, IL 60093 USA. RP Hoekman, D (reprint author), Natl Ecol Observ Network NEON Inc, 1685 38th St Suite 100, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.; Hoekman, D (reprint author), Southern Nazarene Univ, Dept Biol, 6729 NW 39th Expressway, Bethany, OK 73008 USA. EM dhoekman@snu.edu OI Foley, Desmond/0000-0001-7525-4601 FU National Science Foundation [EF-1029808] FX The National Ecological Observatory Network is a project sponsored by the National Science Foundation and managed under cooperative agreement by NEON Inc. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Service Agreement EF-1029808. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NEON Inc., the NSF, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the United States Geological Survey, the United States Department of the Army, or the United States Department of Defense. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors acknowledge K.K. Blevins and C.M. Gibson for contributions to early drafts of the design as well as members of the terrestrial observation system group at NEON for formal and informal input during the iteration process. Comments from two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript and we are grateful to Dr. E.-L.S. Hinckley for coordinating its review. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAY PY 2016 VL 7 IS 5 AR e01320 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1320 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN6VS UT WOS:000377215200029 ER PT J AU Kenison, EK Litt, AR Pilliod, DS McMahon, TE AF Kenison, Erin K. Litt, Andrea R. Pilliod, David S. McMahon, Thomas E. TI Larval long-toed salamanders incur nonconsumptive effects in the presence of nonnative trout SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma macrodactylum; amphibian larvae; avoidance behavior; body morphology; energy acquisition; field experiment; metamorphosis; mountain lakes; NCEs; phenotypic plasticity; predator cues; predator-prey dynamics ID RED-LEGGED FROGS; INDUCED PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; COMPLEX LIFE-HISTORIES; HIGH-ELEVATION LAKES; AMBYSTOMA-MACRODACTYLUM; RANA-AURORA; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; INTRODUCED BULLFROGS; ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS AB Predators can influence prey directly through consumption or indirectly through nonconsumptive effects (NCEs) by altering prey behavior, morphology, and life history. We investigated whether predator-avoidance behaviors by larval long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) in lakes with nonnative trout result in NCEs on morphology and development. Field studies in lakes with and without trout were corroborated by experimental enclosures, where prey were exposed only to visual and chemical cues of predators. We found that salamanders in lakes with trout were consistently smaller than in lakes without trout: 38% lower weight, 24% shorter body length, and 29% shorter tail length. Similarly, salamanders in protective enclosures grew 2.9 times slower when exposed to visual and olfactory trout cues than when no trout cues were present. Salamanders in trout-free lakes and enclosures were 22.7 times and 1.48 times, respectively, more likely to metamorphose during the summer season than those exposed to trout in lakes and/or their cues. Observed changes in larval growth rate and development likely resulted from a facultative response to predator-avoidance behavior and demonstrate NCEs occurred even when predation risk was only perceived. Reduced body size and growth, as well as delayed metamorphosis, could have ecological consequences for salamander populations existing with fish if those effects carry-over into lower recruitment, survival, and fecundity. C1 [Kenison, Erin K.; Litt, Andrea R.; McMahon, Thomas E.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Kenison, Erin K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Kenison, EK (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.; Kenison, EK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ekenison@purdue.edu FU Montana State University; Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Counter Assault; Montana Institute on Ecosystems FX This study was funded by Montana State University with additional financial support from Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Counter Assault, and Montana Institute on Ecosystems. We are grateful to Mike Forzley for his work as a field technician, Brian Tornabene for his statistical assistance, and reviewers for their constructive comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAY PY 2016 VL 7 IS 5 AR e01258 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1258 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN6VS UT WOS:000377215200008 ER PT J AU Lorda, J Hechinger, RF Cooper, SD Kuris, AM Lafferty, KD AF Lorda, J. Hechinger, R. F. Cooper, S. D. Kuris, A. M. Lafferty, K. D. TI Intraguild predation by shore crabs affects mortality, behavior, growth, and densities of California horn snails SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Baja California; California horn snail; Cerithidea californica = Cerithideopsis californica; coexistence estuaries; Hemigrapsus oregonensis; intertidal; intraguild predation; Pachygrapsus crassipes; shore crabs ID MEDIATED INDIRECT INTERACTIONS; SALT-MARSH; FOOD-WEB; HEMIGRAPSUS-OREGONENSIS; CERITHIDEA-CALIFORNICA; FIELD EVIDENCE; COMMUNITIES; SIZE; REPRODUCTION; CASCADE AB The California horn snail, Cerithideopsis californica, and the shore crabs, Pachygrapsus crassipes and Hemigrapsus oregonensis, compete for epibenthic microalgae, but the crabs also eat snails. Such intraguild predation is common in nature, despite models predicting instability. Using a series of manipulations and field surveys, we examined intraguild predation from several angles, including the effects of stage-dependent predation along with direct consumptive and nonconsumptive predator effects on intraguild prey. In the laboratory, we found that crabs fed on macroalgae, snail eggs, and snails, and the size of consumed snails increased with predator crab size. In field experiments, snails grew less in the presence of crabs partially because snails behaved differently and were buried in the sediment (nonconsumptive effects). Consistent with these results, crab and snail abundances were negatively correlated in three field surveys conducted at three different spatial scales in estuaries of California, Baja California, and Baja California Sur: (1) among 61 sites spanning multiple habitat types in three estuaries, (2) among the habitats of 13 estuaries, and (3) among 34 tidal creek sites in one estuary. These results indicate that shore crabs are intraguild predators on California horn snails that affect snail populations via predation and by influencing snail behavior and performance. C1 [Lorda, J.; Cooper, S. D.; Kuris, A. M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hechinger, R. F.; Kuris, A. M.; Lafferty, K. D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Marine Sci Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hechinger, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Lafferty, K. D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lorda, J.] Tijuana River Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, 301 Caspian Way, Imperial Beach, CA 91932 USA. RP Lorda, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.; Lorda, J (reprint author), Tijuana River Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, 301 Caspian Way, Imperial Beach, CA 91932 USA. EM jlorda@trnerr.org FU CONACYT; UC-MEXUS; NIH/NSF EID program [DEB-0224565]; California SeaGrant FX We thank Humberto Bracho, Todd Huspeni, Maria Meza-Lopez, Lincoln Pitcher, John Quinn, and Alan Wood for their field and laboratory assistance. We thank Sarah Teck and two anonymous reviewers for comments. Julio Lorda was funded by CONACYT and UC-MEXUS. The study also was partially funded by grants from the NIH/NSF EID program (DEB-0224565) and California SeaGrant. We also thank all the reserve managers for granting access to sample the estuaries (Table 1), particularly to the managers of Carpinteria Salt Marsh and Kendall-Frost Mission Bay Marsh of the University of California's Natural Reserve System. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAY PY 2016 VL 7 IS 5 AR e01262 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1262 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN6VS UT WOS:000377215200010 ER PT J AU Siers, SR Reed, RN Savidge, JA AF Siers, Shane R. Reed, Robert N. Savidge, Julie A. TI To cross or not to cross: modeling wildlife road crossings as a binary response variable with contextual predictors SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE animal behavior; Boiga irregularis; Guam; invasive species; mixed effects logistic regression; movement ecology; radiotelemetry; road crossing avoidance; road ecology ID TREESNAKES BOIGA-IRREGULARIS; BROWN TREE SNAKE; MALE-BIASED DISPERSAL; HOME-RANGE SIZE; HABITAT USE; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; EASTERN MASSASAUGA; SPATIAL ECOLOGY; STEGONOTUS-CUCULLATUS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY AB Roads are significant barriers to landscape-scale movements of individuals or populations of many wildlife taxa. The decision by an animal near a road to either cross or not cross may be influenced by characteristics of the road, environmental conditions, traits of the individual animal, and other aspects of the context within which the decision is made. We considered such factors in a mixed-effects logistic regression model describing the nightly road crossing probabilities of invasive nocturnal Brown Treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) through short-term radiotracking of 691 snakes within close proximity to 50 road segments across the island of Guam. All measures of road magnitude (traffic volume, gap width, surface type, etc.) were significantly negatively correlated with crossing probabilities. Snake body size was the only intrinsic factor associated with crossing rates, with larger snakes crossing roads more frequently. Humidity was the only environmental variable affecting crossing rate. The distance of the snake from the road at the start of nightly movement trials was the most significant predictor of crossings. The presence of snake traps with live mouse lures during a portion of the trials indicated that localized prey cues reduced the probability of a snake crossing the road away from the traps, suggesting that a snake's decision to cross roads is influenced by local foraging opportunities. Per capita road crossing rates of Brown Treesnakes were very low, and comparisons to historical records suggest that crossing rates have declined in the 60+ yr since introduction to Guam. We report a simplified model that will allow managers to predict road crossing rates based on snake, road, and contextual characteristics. Road crossing simulations based on actual snake size distributions demonstrate that populations with size distributions skewed toward larger snakes will result in a higher number of road crossings. Our method of modeling per capita road crossing probabilities as a binary response variable, influenced by contextual factors, may be useful for describing or predicting road crossings by individuals of other taxa provided that appropriate spatial and temporal resolution can be achieved and that potentially influential covariate data can be obtained. C1 [Siers, Shane R.; Savidge, Julie A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Siers, Shane R.] USDA, APHIS, WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Hawaii Field Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Siers, SR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Siers, SR (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Hawaii Field Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM shane.r.siers@aphis.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs via the U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs via the U.S. Geological Survey. Site access was facilitated by S. Mosher. M. Mazurek coordinated the assistance of field staff. M. Cook was particularly helpful with field activities. Administrative and logistical support were provided by L. Bonewell and G. Engler. E. Guinness of the Washington University Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences provided guidance on acquiring and interpreting moonlight data. D. Ouren, U.S. Geological Survey, provided traffic monitoring equipment and guidance. All animal use was conducted in accordance with Colorado State University IACUC Protocol #12-3271A. Any use of trade, product or firm name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAY PY 2016 VL 7 IS 5 AR e01292 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1292 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN6VS UT WOS:000377215200019 ER PT J AU Soykan, CU Sauer, J Schuetz, JG LeBaron, GS Dale, K Langham, GM AF Soykan, Candan U. Sauer, John Schuetz, Justin G. LeBaron, Geoffrey S. Dale, Kathy Langham, Gary M. TI Population trends for North American winter birds based on hierarchical models SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Audubon; Bayesian hierarchical modeling; bird conservation; Christmas Bird Count; citizen science; monitoring; North America; North American Breeding Bird Survey; population trend ID EXTINCTION RISK; CITIZEN SCIENCE; EUROPEAN BIRDS; BODY-SIZE; COUNT; SONGBIRDS; PARADIGM; DECLINES; RANGE AB Managing widespread and persistent threats to birds requires knowledge of population dynamics at large spatial and temporal scales. For over 100 yrs, the Audubon Christmas Bird Count (CBC) has enlisted volunteers in bird monitoring efforts that span the Americas, especially southern Canada and the United States. We employed a Bayesian hierarchical model to control for variation in survey effort among CBC circles and, using CBC data from 1966 to 2013, generated early-winter population trend estimates for 551 species of birds. Selecting a subset of species that do not frequent bird feeders and have >= 25% range overlap with the distribution of CBC circles (228 species) we further estimated aggregate (i.e., across species) trends for the entire study region and at the level of states/provinces, Bird Conservation Regions, and Landscape Conservation Cooperatives. Moreover, we examined the relationship between ten biological traits-range size, population size, migratory strategy, habitat affiliation, body size, diet, number of eggs per clutch, age at sexual maturity, lifespan, and tolerance of urban/suburban settings-and CBC trend estimates. Our results indicate that 68% of the 551 species had increasing trends within the study area over the interval 1966-2013. When trends were examined across the subset of 228 species, the median population trend for the group was 0.9% per year at the continental level. At the regional level, aggregate trends were positive in all but a few areas. Negative population trends were evident in lower latitudes, whereas the largest increases were at higher latitudes, a pattern consistent with range shifts due to climate change. Nine of 10 biological traits were significantly associated with median population trend; however, none of the traits explained >34% of the deviance in the data, reflecting the indirect relationships between population trend estimates and species traits. Trend estimates based on the CBC are broadly congruent with estimates based on the North American Breeding Bird Survey, another large-scale monitoring program. Both of these efforts, conducted by citizen scientists, will be required going forward to ensure robust inference about population dynamics in the face of climate and land cover changes. C1 [Soykan, Candan U.; Schuetz, Justin G.] Natl Audubon Soc, Conservat Sci, 220 Montgomery St,Suite 1000, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Sauer, John] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [LeBaron, Geoffrey S.; Dale, Kathy] Natl Audubon Soc, Citizen Sci, 2300 Comp Ave,I-49, Willow Grove, PA 19090 USA. [Langham, Gary M.] Natl Audubon Soc, 1200 18th St NW,Suite 500, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Soykan, CU (reprint author), Natl Audubon Soc, Conservat Sci, 220 Montgomery St,Suite 1000, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. EM cbc@audubon.org NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAY PY 2016 VL 7 IS 5 AR e01351 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1351 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN6VS UT WOS:000377215200042 ER PT J AU Springer, YP Hoekman, D Johnson, PTJ Duffy, PA Hufft, RA Barnett, DT Allan, BF Amman, BR Barker, CM Barrera, R Beard, CB Beati, L Begon, M Blackmore, MS Bradshaw, WE Brisson, D Calisher, CH Childs, JE Diuk-Wasser, MA Douglass, RJ Eisen, RJ Foley, DH Foley, JE Gaff, HD Gardner, SL Ginsberg, HS Glass, GE Hamer, SA Hayden, MH Hjelle, B Holzapfel, CM Juliano, SA Kramer, LD Kuenzi, AJ LaDeau, SL Livdahl, TP Mills, JN Moore, CG Morand, S Nasci, RS Ogden, NH Ostfeld, RS Parmenter, RR Piesman, J Reisen, WK Savage, HM Sonenshine, DE Swei, A Yabsley, MJ AF Springer, Yuri P. Hoekman, David Johnson, Pieter T. J. Duffy, Paul A. Hufft, Rebecca A. Barnett, David T. Allan, Brian F. Amman, Brian R. Barker, Christopher M. Barrera, Roberto Beard, Charles B. Beati, Lorenza Begon, Mike Blackmore, Mark S. Bradshaw, William E. Brisson, Dustin Calisher, Charles H. Childs, James E. Diuk-Wasser, Maria A. Douglass, Richard J. Eisen, Rebecca J. Foley, Desmond H. Foley, Janet E. Gaff, Holly D. Gardner, Scott L. Ginsberg, Howard S. Glass, Gregory E. Hamer, Sarah A. Hayden, Mary H. Hjelle, Brian Holzapfel, Christina M. Juliano, Steven A. Kramer, Laura D. Kuenzi, Amy J. LaDeau, Shannon L. Livdahl, Todd P. Mills, James N. Moore, Chester G. Morand, Serge Nasci, Roger S. Ogden, Nicholas H. Ostfeld, Richard S. Parmenter, Robert R. Piesman, Joseph Reisen, William K. Savage, Harry M. Sonenshine, Daniel E. Swei, Andrea Yabsley, Michael J. TI Tick-, mosquito-, and rodent-borne parasite sampling designs for the National Ecological Observatory Network SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE infectious disease; mosquito; National Ecological Observatory Network; NEON design; parasite; pathogen; reservoir; rodent; sampling design; Special Feature: NEON Design; tick; vector; zoonoses ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; SIN-NOMBRE-VIRUS; HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; FIELD-COLLECTED MOSQUITOS; LAND-USE CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Parasites and pathogens are increasingly recognized as significant drivers of ecological and evolutionary change in natural ecosystems. Concurrently, transmission of infectious agents among human, livestock, and wildlife populations represents a growing threat to veterinary and human health. In light of these trends and the scarcity of long-term time series data on infection rates among vectors and reservoirs, the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) will collect measurements and samples of a suite of tick-, mosquito-, and rodent-borne parasites through a continental-scale surveillance program. Here, we describe the sampling designs for these efforts, highlighting sampling priorities, field and analytical methods, and the data as well as archived samples to be made available to the research community. Insights generated by this sampling will advance current understanding of and ability to predict changes in infection and disease dynamics in novel, interdisciplinary, and collaborative ways. C1 [Springer, Yuri P.; Hoekman, David; Barnett, David T.] Natl Ecological Observ Network NEON Inc, 1685 38th St Suite 100, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Springer, Yuri P.; Beard, Charles B.; Eisen, Rebecca J.; Nasci, Roger S.; Piesman, Joseph; Savage, Harry M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Hoekman, David] Southern Nazarene Univ, Dept Biol, 6729 NW 29th Expy, Bethany, OK 73008 USA. [Johnson, Pieter T. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ramaley N122, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Duffy, Paul A.] Neptune & Co Inc, 1435 Garrison St Suite 100, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. [Hufft, Rebecca A.] Denver Bot Gardens, 909 York St, Denver, CO 80206 USA. [Allan, Brian F.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Amman, Brian R.] Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Div High Consequence Pathogens & Pathol, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Barker, Christopher M.; Reisen, William K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Barker, Christopher M.; Reisen, William K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Barrera, Roberto] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00969 USA. [Beati, Lorenza] Georgia So Coll, Inst Arthropodol & Parasitol, Georgia Ave,Bldg 204,POB 8056, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Begon, Mike] Univ Liverpool, IIB, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England. [Blackmore, Mark S.] Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. [Bradshaw, William E.; Holzapfel, Christina M.] Univ Oregon, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Brisson, Dustin] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Evolut & Ecol Dis Syst Lab, 209 Leidy Labs, 433 S Univ Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Calisher, Charles H.] Colorado State Univ, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, 3195 Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Childs, James E.] Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Microbiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Diuk-Wasser, Maria A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, 1200 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Douglass, Richard J.; Kuenzi, Amy J.] Montana Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Foley, Desmond H.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Entomol, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Foley, Janet E.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gaff, Holly D.; Sonenshine, Daniel E.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Gardner, Scott L.] Univ Nebraska, State Museum, Harold W Manter Lab Parasitol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Ginsberg, Howard S.] Univ Rhode Isl, PSE, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey,Coastal Field Stn, Woodward Hall, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Glass, Gregory E.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Hamer, Sarah A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hayden, Mary H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hjelle, Brian] Univ New Mexico HSC, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hjelle, Brian] Univ New Mexico HSC, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hjelle, Brian] Univ New Mexico HSC, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Juliano, Steven A.] Illinois State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Normal, IL 61790 USA. [Kramer, Laura D.] New York State Dept Hlth Slingerlands, Arbovirus Labs Wadsworth Ctr, New York, NY 12159 USA. [Kramer, Laura D.] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [LaDeau, Shannon L.; Ostfeld, Richard S.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Livdahl, Todd P.] Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Mills, James N.] Emory Univ, Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut Program, 1335 Springdale Rd, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. [Moore, Chester G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, 1690 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Morand, Serge] Ctr Infectiol Christophe Merieux Laos, CNRS CIRAD AGIRs, Viangchan, Laos. [Ogden, Nicholas H.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, 3200 Sicotte, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. [Parmenter, Robert R.] Valles Caldera Natl Preserve, POB 359, Jemez Springs, NM 87025 USA. [Swei, Andrea] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Springer, Yuri P.] Venice Bike Fix, 1101 Ocean Front Walk, Venice, CA 90291 USA. RP Springer, YP (reprint author), Natl Ecological Observ Network NEON Inc, 1685 38th St Suite 100, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM yurispringer@gmail.com OI Foley, Desmond/0000-0001-7525-4601 FU National Science Foundation; RRA grant [DBI-0752017] FX The NEON is a project sponsored by the National Science Foundation. At the time this paper was written, the project was managed under cooperative agreement by NEON, Inc. The material presented in this paper is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Service Agreement and RRA grant DBI-0752017. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NEON, Inc., the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. Department of the Army, or the U.S. Department of Defense. Similarly, changes to the designs proposed herein during implementation by NEON, Inc. do not necessarily reflect the scientific recommendations of the authors. This article and the designs presented within it were developed and written when Y.P. Springer and D. Hoekman were employed as the disease and insect ecologists, respectively, at NEON, Inc. The authors gratefully acknowledge C.M. Gibson and V.J. McKenzie for their contributions to early versions of these designs, and E.L.S. Hinckley and S.V. Ollinger for publication support. We also thank scientists and technicians of the NEON terrestrial observation systems team for their collaborative efforts to create the larger NEON terrestrial sampling plan of which these designs are a part. W. Barnett assisted with the writing of the power analysis code. Comments from J.R. Sauer, S.R. Campbell, S.C. Elmendorf, E.L.S. Hinckley, K.E. Levan, and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NEON working group members are as follows: Tick and tick-borne parasite technical working group: B. F. Allan, C. B. Beard, L. B. Dustin Brisson, M. A. Diuk-Wasser, R. J. Eisen, H. D. Gaff, S. A. Hamer, N. H. Ogden, R. S. Ostfeld, J. Piesman, D. E. Sonenshine, A. Swei, and M. J. Yabsley; Mosquito and mosquito-borne parasite technical working group: C. M. Barker, R. Barrera, M. S. Blackmore, W. E. Bradshaw, D. H. Foley, H. S. Ginsberg, M. H. Hayden, C. M. Holzapfel, S. A. Juliano, L. D. Kramer, S. L. LaDeau, T. P. Livdahl, C. G. Moore, R. S. Nasci, W. K. Reisen, and H. M. Savage; Rodent-borne parasite technical working group: M. Begon, C. H. Calisher, J. E. Childs, R. J. Douglass, J. E. Foley, S. L. Gardner, G. E. Glass, B. Hjelle, A. J. Kuenzi, J. N. Mills, S. Morand, and R. R. Parmenter. NR 242 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAY PY 2016 VL 7 IS 5 AR e01271 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1271 PG 40 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN6VS UT WOS:000377215200011 ER PT J AU Tucker, CL Tamang, S Pendall, E Ogle, K AF Tucker, Colin L. Tamang, Shanker Pendall, Elise Ogle, Kiona TI Shallow snowpack inhibits soil respiration in sagebrush steppe through multiple biotic and abiotic mechanisms SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Bayesian modeling; microbial biomass; microbial substrate use; root respiration; sagebrush steppe; snowpack; soil moisture; soil respiration; temperature sensitivity; vegetation ID ORGANIC-MATTER DECOMPOSITION; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST/; MICROBIAL RESPIRATION; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; HETEROTROPHIC RESPIRATION; THERMAL-ACCLIMATION; UNFROZEN WATER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; MODEL AB In sagebrush steppe, snowpack may govern soil respiration through its effect on multiple abiotic and biotic factors. Across the Intermountain West of the United States, snowpack has been declining for decades and is projected to decline further over the next century, making the response of soil respiration to snowpack a potentially important factor in the ecosystem carbon cycle. In this study, we evaluated the direct and indirect roles of the snowpack in driving soil respiration in sagebrush steppe ecosystems by taking advantage of highway snowfences in Wyoming to manipulate snowpack. An important contribution of this study is the use of Bayesian modeling to quantify the effects of soil moisture and temperature on soil respiration across a wide range of conditions from frozen to hot and dry, while simultaneously accounting for biotic factors (e.g., vegetation cover, root density, and microbial biomass and substrate-use diversity) affected by snowpack. Elevated snow depth increased soil temperature (in the winter) and moisture (winter and spring), and was associated with reduced vegetation cover and microbial biomass carbon. Soil respiration showed an exponential increase with temperature, with a temperature sensitivity that decreased with increasing seasonal temperature (Q(10) = 4.3 [winter], 2.3 [spring], and 1.7 [summer]); frozen soils were associated with unrealistic Q10 approximate to 7989 due to the liquid-to-ice transition of soil water. Soil respiration was sensitive to soil water content; predicted respiration under very dry conditions was less than 10% of respiration under moist conditions. While higher vegetation cover increased soil respiration, this was not due to increased root density, and may reflect differences in litter inputs. Microbial substrate-use diversity was negatively related to reference respiration (i.e., respiration rate at a reference temperature and optimal soil moisture), although the mechanism remains unclear. This study indicates that soil respiration is inhibited by shallow snowpack through multiple mechanisms; thus, future decreases in snowpack across the sagebrush steppe have the potential to reduce losses of soil C, potentially affecting regional carbon balance. C1 [Tucker, Colin L.] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Tucker, Colin L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Tamang, Shanker] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, 1200 S Franklin St, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Pendall, Elise] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. [Ogle, Kiona] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, PO 874701, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Tucker, Colin L.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 SW Resource Blvd Moab, Grand, UT 84532 USA. [Ogle, Kiona] No Arizona Univ, Informat & Comp Program, POB 5693, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Tucker, CL (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.; Tucker, CL (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.; Tucker, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 SW Resource Blvd Moab, Grand, UT 84532 USA. EM ctucker@usgs.gov FU US National Science Foundation (NSF); National Atmospheric and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX10AP26H]; US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science (BER), through the Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program [DE-SC0006973]; NSF (DEB) [1021559] FX This project was funded through a US National Science Foundation (NSF) Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant, and a National Atmospheric and Space Administration (NASA) Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NNX10AP26H) to CT. This material was partially supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science (BER), through the Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program (#DE-SC0006973), and by the NSF (DEB#1021559). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAY PY 2016 VL 7 IS 5 AR e01297 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1297 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN6VS UT WOS:000377215200022 ER PT J AU Penney, Z Moffitt, C Jones, B Marston, B AF Penney, Zachary L. Moffitt, Christine M. Jones, Bryan Marston, Brian TI Physiological comparisons of steelhead kelts emigrating from the Situk River, AK and Clearwater River, ID SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Steelhead; Kelt; Iteroparity; Plasma profiles; Repeat spawning; Physiology ID BASS DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; SPAWNING MIGRATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; PACIFIC SALMON AB The physiological status of migrating steelhead kelts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from the Situk River, Alaska, and two tributaries of the Clearwater River, Idaho, was evaluated to explore potential differences in post-spawning survival related to energy reserves. Blood plasma samples were analyzed for metrics related to nutritional and osmotic status, and samples of white muscle tissue collected from recent mortalities at weirs were analyzed for proximate constituents. Female kelts from the Situk River had significantly higher plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and calcium concentrations, all of which suggested higher lipid and energy stores. Additional support for energy limitation in kelts was provided by evaluating the presence of detectable proteins in the plasma. Most all kelts sampled from the Situk River populations had detectable plasma proteins, in contrast to kelts sampled from the Clearwater River tributary populations where 27 % of kelts from one tributary, and 68 % of the second tributary were below the limits of detection. We found proximate constituents of kelt mortalities were similar between the Situk and Clearwater River populations, and the lipid fraction of white muscle averaged 0.1 and 0.2 %. Our findings lend support to the hypothesis that energetic limitations likely affect post-spawn survival in the Clearwater River kelts. C1 [Penney, Zachary L.; Moffitt, Christine M.; Jones, Bryan] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Penney, Zachary L.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Multnomah St Suite 1200,NE 700, Portland, OR USA. [Marston, Brian] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 1 Fish & Game Plaza,POB 49, Yakutat, AK USA. RP Moffitt, C (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu FU Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission; Bonneville Power Administration [2007-401-00]; United States Geological Survey FX Funding for this study was provided by the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission through the Columbia Basin Fish Accords partnership with the Bonneville Power Administration (under Project 2007-401-00; Doug Hatch, project manager). Additional support for synthesis was provided by the United States Geological Survey. We are grateful to Brett Bowersox and Tim Copeland and their Idaho Department of Fish and Game staff for assistance with sampling at Clearwater River weirs. We are grateful to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, especially the Situk weir crew and Bob Chadwick for assistance and collaboration for sampling. At the University of Idaho Carol Hoffman, Boling Sun, Andy Pape, Kala Hamilton, and Will Schrader provided field and laboratory assistance, and Chris Williams provided advice regarding statistical analysis. We are also grateful to Todd Seamons and two anonymous reviewers for insight and critique of earlier drafts this manuscript. All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of University of Idaho Animal Care and Use Committee protocol #2009-10. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 2016 VL 99 IS 5 BP 487 EP 498 DI 10.1007/s10641-016-0493-x PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DO0LA UT WOS:000377469200004 ER PT J AU Lefebvre, KA Quakenbush, L Frame, E Huntington, KB Sheffield, G Stimmelmayr, R Bryan, A Kendrick, P Ziel, H Goldstein, T Snyder, JA Gelatt, T Gulland, F Dickerson, B Gill, V AF Lefebvre, Kathi A. Quakenbush, Lori Frame, Elizabeth Huntington, Kathy Burek Sheffield, Gay Stimmelmayr, Raphaela Bryan, Anna Kendrick, Preston Ziel, Heather Goldstein, Tracey Snyder, Jonathan A. Gelatt, Tom Gulland, Frances Dickerson, Bobette Gill, Verena TI Prevalence of algal toxins in Alaskan marine mammals foraging in a changing arctic and subarctic environment SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS-DIVERGENS; NORTHERN FUR SEALS; WHALES MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; CEREBELLAR GRANULE NEURONS; DOMOIC ACID NEUROTOXICITY; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-KENYONI; BERING-SEA; RINGED SEALS; CHUKCHI SEAS AB Current climate trends resulting in rapid declines in sea ice and increasing water temperatures are likely to expand the northern geographic range and duration of favorable conditions for harmful algal blooms (HABs), making algal toxins a growing concern in Alaskan marine food webs. Two of the most common HAB toxins along the west coast of North America are the neurotoxins domoic acid (DA) and saxitoxin (STX). Over the last 20 years, DA toxicosis has caused significant illness and mortality in marine mammals along the west coast of the USA, but has not been reported to impact marine mammals foraging in Alaskan waters. Saxitoxin, the most potent of the paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins, has been well-documented in shellfish in the Aleutians and Gulf of Alaska for decades and associated with human illnesses and deaths due to consumption of toxic clams. There is little information regarding exposure of Alaskan marine mammals. Here, the spatial patterns and prevalence of DA and STX exposure in Alaskan marine mammals are documented in order to assess health risks to northern populations including those species that are important to the nutritional, cultural, and economic well-being of Alaskan coastal communities. In this study, 905 marine mammals from 13 species were sampled including; humpback whales, bowhead whales, beluga whales, harbor porpoises, northern fur seals, Steller sea lions, harbor seals, ringed seals, bearded seals, spotted seals, ribbon seals, Pacific walruses, and northern sea otters. Domoic acid was detected in all 13 species examined and had the greatest prevalence in bowhead whales (68%) and harbor seals (67%). Saxitoxin was detected in 10 of the 13 species, with the highest prevalence in humpback whales (50%) and bowhead whales (32%). Pacific walruses contained the highest concentrations of both STX and DA, with DA concentrations similar to those detected in California sea lions exhibiting clinical signs of DA toxicosis (seizures) off the coast of Central California, USA. Forty-six individual marine mammals contained detectable concentrations of both toxins emphasizing the potential for combined exposure risks. Additionally, fetuses from a beluga whale, a harbor porpoise and a Steller sea lion contained detectable concentrations of DA documenting maternal toxin transfer in these species. These results provide evidence that HAB toxins are present throughout Alaska waters at levels high enough to be detected in marine mammals and have the potential to impact marine mammal health in the Arctic marine environment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lefebvre, Kathi A.; Frame, Elizabeth; Kendrick, Preston] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Quakenbush, Lori; Bryan, Anna] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Arctic Marine Mammal Program, 1300 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Huntington, Kathy Burek] Alaska Vet Pathol Serv AVPS, 23834 Clearing Dr, Eagle River, AK USA. [Sheffield, Gay] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Sea Grant, Marine Advisory Program, POB 400, Nome, AK USA. [Stimmelmayr, Raphaela] North Slope Borough Dept Wildlife Management, POB 69, Barrow, AK USA. [Ziel, Heather; Gelatt, Tom; Dickerson, Bobette] NOAA, Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Goldstein, Tracey] Univ Calif Davis, Hlth Inst 1, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Snyder, Jonathan A.; Gill, Verena] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, 1011 East Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK USA. [Gulland, Frances] Marine Mammal Ctr, 2000 Bunker Rd, Sausalito, CA USA. [Frame, Elizabeth] King Cty Environm Lab, Aquat Toxicol Unit, Seattle, WA USA. [Gill, Verena] Bur Ocean Energy Management, 3801 Centerpoint Dr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Lefebvre, KA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Kathi.Lefebvre@noaa.gov FU John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance grants [NA09NMF4390236, NA12NMF4390162]; USFWS; ADFG; NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); North Pacific Research Board (NPRB project) [1113, 575]; National Institute of Health (NIH) [R01 ES021930]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-1314088] FX Without the efforts and support of the coastal communities of northern and western Alaska allowing us to examine their marine mammals, we would not have the information presented in this manuscript regarding Arctic species. We greatly appreciate the willingness of subsistence hunters to share their harvested seals, walrus, bowhead and belugas for research. We thank the whaling captains of Barrow, Alaska and the Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission for allowing the sampling of subsistence harvested bowhead whales. Samples were collected under NMFS Permit 17350-00 issued to the North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management. We would like to thank the Native Villages of Gambell and Savoonga and all of the subsistence hunters who donated walrus samples, and the subsistence hunters and Tribal government of St. Paul Island for their assistance collecting northern fur seal samples. We would also like to thank Mark Nelson, Louise Foster, Sheena Anningayou, Harold Kiyuklook and Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) college interns for their help with sample collection and processing. We would like to thank the volunteer Alaska Marine Mammal Stranding Network and the Alaska SeaLife Center for helping with sample collection. Additionally, we express gratitude to Kristin Worman at the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for helping with sea otter samples. Sea otter samples were collected under MMPA permit No. MA041309-5 issued to USFWS Marine Mammals Management office. Other stranded marine mammal samples were collected under NMFS permits 932-1489 and 932-1905 and some of the work was funded through John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance grants NA09NMF4390236 and NA12NMF4390162. Sample collection was funded by the USFWS, ADF&G and NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). Samples contributed by ADF&G were collected and analyzed under NMFS research permit #s 358-1787, 15324 and 10091 and USFWS collection letters issued to ADF&G. Samples of adult female northern fur seals were collected under authorization of NMFS permit #14327 issued to the Marine Mammal Laboratory. Data for intoxicated California sea lions shown in Fig. 2 came from the US West Coast Wildlife Algal Toxin Research and Response Network (WARRN-West) and the Marine Mammal Center databases. This project was funded by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB project #1113, publication #575). Additional support for research staff and toxin analyses came from grants from the National Institute of Health (NIH) R01 ES021930 and the National Science Foundation (NSF) OCE-1314088. We thank Dr. Linda Rhodes and Dr. Walt Dickhoff of the NWFSC, Dr. Teri Rowles of the Office of Protected Resources (NOAA) and Dr. Peter Boveng of the Polar Ecosystems Program (NOAA/MML) for careful review of the manuscript. Special thanks goes to Su Kim and Damon Holzer of the NWFSC for help creating the Fig. 1 map. NR 124 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 38 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD MAY PY 2016 VL 55 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2016.01.007 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DN8IV UT WOS:000377323300002 PM 28073526 ER PT J AU Rastogi, B Williams, AP Fischer, DT Iacobellis, SF McEachern, K Carvalho, L Jones, C Baguskas, SA Still, CJ AF Rastogi, Bharat Williams, A. Park Fischer, Douglas T. Iacobellis, Sam F. McEachern, Kathryn Carvalho, Leila Jones, Charles Baguskas, Sara A. Still, Christopher J. TI Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Cloud Cover and Fog Inundation in Coastal California: Ecological Implications SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Circulation/dynamics; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Cloud cover; Atmosphere/ocean structure/phenomena; Fog; Vegetation; Observational techniques and algorithms; Radiosonde observations; Remote sensing ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; REDWOOD FOREST; FOLIAR UPTAKE; SUMMER FOG; WEST-COAST; MODIS DATA; REGION; PLANT; WATER; PINE AB The presence of low-lying stratocumulus clouds and fog has been known to modify biophysical and ecological properties in coastal California where forests are frequently shaded by low-lying clouds or immersed in fog during otherwise warm and dry summer months. Summer fog and stratus can ameliorate summer drought stress and enhance soil water budgets and often have different spatial and temporal patterns. Here, this study uses remote sensing datasets to characterize the spatial and temporal patterns of cloud cover over California's northern Channel Islands. The authors found marine stratus to be persistent from May to September across the years 2001-12. Stratus clouds were both most frequent and had the greatest spatial extent in July. Clouds typically formed in the evening and dissipated by the following early afternoon. This study presents a novel method to downscale satellite imagery using atmospheric observations and discriminate patterns of fog from those of stratus and help explain patterns of fog deposition previously studied on the islands. The outcomes of this study contribute significantly to the ability to quantify the occurrence of coastal fog at biologically meaningful spatial and temporal scales that can improve the understanding of cloud-ecosystem interactions, species distributions, and coastal ecohydrology. C1 [Rastogi, Bharat; Still, Christopher J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rastogi, Bharat; Fischer, Douglas T.; Carvalho, Leila; Jones, Charles; Baguskas, Sara A.; Still, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Williams, A. Park] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Williams, A. Park] Columbia Univ, Palisades, NY USA. [Fischer, Douglas T.] ARCADIS, Strateg Environm Consulting, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Fischer, Douglas T.] Ronin Inst, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Iacobellis, Sam F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [McEachern, Kathryn] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Channel Islands Field Stn, Ventura, CA USA. [Baguskas, Sara A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Rastogi, B (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bharat.rastogi@oregonstate.edu RI Fischer, Douglas/A-3022-2008 OI Fischer, Douglas/0000-0002-8320-7159 FU Save the Redwoods League; USGS FX This work was funded by grants from "Save the Redwoods League" and the USGS awarded to Chris Still (PI). We thank Bodo Bookhagen and John Potapenko for providing the LiDAR datasets and Alicia Torregrosa for comments on the manuscript. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 20 AR 15 DI 10.1175/EI-D-15-0033.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN4KU UT WOS:000377036200001 ER PT J AU Eagles-Smith, CA Herring, G Johnson, B Graw, R AF Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Herring, Garth Johnson, Branden Graw, Rick TI Conifer density within lake catchments predicts fish mercury concentrations in remote subalpine lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Fish; Landscape; Bioaccumulation; Forest; Conifer; Condition factor ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; METHYL MERCURY; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; YELLOW PERCH; SPORT FISH; CHEMISTRY; FOREST; METHYLMERCURY; CONTAMINATION AB Remote high-elevation lakes represent unique environments for evaluating the bioaccumulation of atmospherically deposited mercury through freshwater food webs, as well as for evaluating the relative importance of mercury loading versus landscape influences on mercury bioaccumulation. The increase in mercury deposition to these systems over the past century, coupled with their limited exposure to direct anthropogenic disturbance make them useful indicators for estimating how changes in mercury emissions may propagate to changes in Hg bioaccumulation and ecological risk. We evaluated mercury concentrations in resident fish from 28 high-elevation, sub-alpine lakes in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Fish total mercury (THg) concentrations ranged from 4 to 438 ng/g wet weight, with a geometric mean concentration (+/- standard error) of 43 +/- 2 ng/g ww. Fish THg concentrations were negatively correlated with relative condition factor, indicating that faster growing fish that are in better condition have lower THg concentrations. Across the 28 study lakes, mean THg concentrations of resident salmonid fishes varied as much as 18-fold among lakes. We used a hierarchal statistical approach to evaluate the relative importance of physiological, limnological, and catchment drivers of fish Hg concentrations. Our top statistical model explained 87% of the variability in fish THg concentrations among lakes with four key landscape and limnological variables: catchment conifer density (basal area of conifers within a lake's catchment), lake surface area, aqueous dissolved sulfate, and dissolved organic carbon. Conifer density within a lake's catchment was the most important variable explaining fish THg concentrations across lakes, with THg concentrations differing by more than 400 percent across the forest density spectrum. These results illustrate the importance of landscape characteristics in controlling mercury bioaccumulation in fish. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Herring, Garth; Johnson, Branden] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Graw, Rick] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Eagles-Smith, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ceagles-smith@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program FX This study was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program. This study would not have been possible without many dedicated field hours from a number of people. In particular, we appreciate the support of David Salo, Alan Miller, Bob Rock, Leigh Woodruff, Mary Ellen Emerick, Holly Akenson, Amy Busch, Randi Jandt, Tim Bailey, and Jeff Yanke. We also are grateful for the efforts of Kevin Donner, John Pierce, Brandon Kowalski, and Nick Baker for their laboratory efforts; and Patti Haggerty for her expertise and guidance on geospatial analyses. We also thank David Salo, Alan Miller, Martin Fitzpatrick, Leigh Woodruff, Gene Foster, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on previous versions of the report. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 212 BP 279 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.049 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN1BA UT WOS:000376800000033 PM 26854697 ER PT J AU Lewis, AS Huntington, TG Marvin-DiPasquale, MC Amirbahman, A AF Lewis, Ariel S. Huntington, Thomas G. Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. Amirbahman, Aria TI Mercury remediation in wetland sediment using zero-valent iron and granular activated carbon SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Zero valent iron; Granular activated carbon; Wetlands; Remediation ID METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; PRINCIPAL METHYLATORS; REDUCING BACTERIA; FOOD WEBS; BIOACCUMULATION; LAKE; BIOAVAILABILITY; GROUNDWATER; ECOSYSTEMS; REDUCTION AB Wetlands are hotspots for production of toxic methylmercury (MeHg) that can bioaccumulate in the food web. The objective of this study was to determine whether the application of zero-valent iron (ZVI) or granular activated carbon (GAC) to wetland sediment could reduce MeHg production and bioavailability to benthic organisms. Field mesocosms were installed in a wetland fringing Hodgdon Pond (Maine, USA), and ZVI and GAC were applied. Pore-water MeHg concentrations were lower in treated compared with untreated mesocosms; however, sediment MeHg, as well as total Hg (THg), concentrations were not significantly different between treated and untreated mesocosms, suggesting that smaller pore-water MeHg concentrations in treated sediment were likely due to adsorption to ZVI and GAC, rather than inhibition of MeHg production. In laboratory experiments with intact vegetated sediment clumps, amendments did not significantly change sediment THg and MeHg concentrations; however, the mean pore-water MeHg and MeHg:THg ratios were lower in the amended sediment than the control. In the laboratory microcosms, snails (Lymnaea stagnalis) accumulated less MeHg in sediment treated with ZVI or GAC. The study results suggest that both GAC and ZVI have potential for reducing MeHg bioaccumulation in wetland sediment. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lewis, Ariel S.; Amirbahman, Aria] Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME USA. [Huntington, Thomas G.] US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME USA. [Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Amirbahman, A (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME USA. EM ariaa@maine.edu OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 FU USGS-National Park Service Water Quality Partnership Program; USGS-Toxics Program FX Funding for this work was provided by a grant from the USGS-National Park Service Water Quality Partnership Program. Additional funding was provided by the USGS-Toxics Program. Clive Devoy, Karen Small and the staff of the Sawyer Environmental Chemistry Research Laboratory at the University of Maine, and Evangelos Kakouros, Michelle Arias, Le Kieu and Jennifer Agee of the US Geological Survey (Menlo Park, CA) are acknowledged for their help with sample analysis. Daniel Cain of the US Geological Survey (Menlo Park, CA) provided the L. stagnalis eggs and advice on their handling. William Halteman is acknowledged for his advice on the statistical treatment of data. Upal Ghosh and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable critiques of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 212 BP 366 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.047 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN1BA UT WOS:000376800000043 PM 26874318 ER PT J AU Brown, ME Converse, SJ Chandler, JN Shafer, C Brown, JL Keefer, CL Songsasen, N AF Brown, Megan E. Converse, Sarah J. Chandler, Jane N. Shafer, Charles Brown, Janine L. Keefer, Carol L. Songsasen, Nucharin TI Female gonadal hormones and reproductive behaviors as key determinants of successful reproductive output of breeding whooping cranes (Grus americana) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Whooping crane; Reproduction; Endocrinology; Glucocorticoids; Behavior; Egg laying ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; REINTRODUCED POPULATION; GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; MODEL SELECTION; OVULATORY CYCLE; TURKEY HENS; PROGESTERONE; CORTICOSTERONE; STRESS; TESTOSTERONE AB Reproductive success of endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) maintained ex situ is poor. As part of an effort to identify potential causes of poor reproductive success in a captive colony, we used non-invasive endocrine monitoring to assess gonadal and adrenal steroids of bird pairs with various reproductive outcomes and evaluated the relationships of hormones and behaviors to reproductive performance. Overall, reproductively successful (i.e., egg laying) females had significantly higher mean estrogen levels but lower mean progestogen concentrations than did unsuccessful females. Other hormones, including glucocorticoids and androgens, were not significantly different between successful and unsuccessful individuals. Observations of specific behaviors such as unison calling, marching, and the number of copulation attempts, along with overall time spent performing reproductive behaviors, were significantly higher in successful pairs. Our findings indicate that overall reproductive performance of whooping crane pairs is linked to female gonadal hormone excretion and reproductive behaviors, but not to altered adrenal hormone production. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Brown, Megan E.; Keefer, Carol L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, 8127 Regents Dr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brown, Megan E.; Brown, Janine L.; Songsasen, Nucharin] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Converse, Sarah J.; Chandler, Jane N.; Shafer, Charles] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Songsasen, N (reprint author), Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM songsasenn@si.edu OI Shafer, Charles/0000-0002-1864-2461; Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441 FU Morris Animal Foundation - United States; Cosmos Club FX The authors thank: the Morris Animal Foundation - United States and the Cosmos Club for financial support; the crane crew (B. Clauss, B.A. Clauss, R. Doyle, S. Pegory, A. Lopez, and P. Coontz), and veterinary staff (G. Olsen and C. Caldwell) at the PWRC for its dedication and for providing special assistance to conduct this study; the endocrine lab staff at Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (N. Boisseau, N. Parker, N. Prado-Oviedo, S. Putnam, and S. Paris) for technical assistance in endocrine analysis; A. Willis at MP Biomedicals for his assistance during purchase and validation of the two RIA kits; F. Kromm for support and assistance in editing. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAY 1 PY 2016 VL 230 BP 158 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.04.009 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA DN4QB UT WOS:000377051200015 PM 27080552 ER PT J AU Tighe, RL Bonde, RK Avery, JP AF Tighe, Rachel L. Bonde, Robert K. Avery, Julie P. TI Seasonal response of ghrelin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor I in the free-ranging Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) SO MAMMALIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Growth hormone; Ghrelin; Insulin-like growth factor I; Photoperiod; Season; Development; Body condition ID FOXES ALOPEX-LAGOPUS; MALE RED DEER; FOOD-INTAKE; SOMATOTROPIC AXIS; ARCTIC FOXES; BODY-MASS; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; CARCASS COMPOSITION; ENERGY-METABOLISM; ACYLATED PEPTIDE AB Seasonal changes in light, temperature, and food availability stimulate a physiological response in an animal. Seasonal adaptations are well studied in Arctic, Sub-Arctic, and hibernating mammals; however, limited studies have been conducted in sub-tropical species. The Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris), a sub-tropical marine mammal, forages less during colder temperatures and may rely on adipose stores for maintenance energy requirements. Metabolic hormones, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and ghrelin influence growth rate, accretion of lean and adipose tissue. They have been shown to regulate seasonal changes in body composition. The objective of this research was to investigate manatee metabolic hormones in two seasons to determine if manatees exhibit seasonality and if these hormones are associated with seasonal changes in body composition. In addition, age related differences in these metabolic hormones were assessed in multiple age classes. Concentrations of GH, IGF-I, and ghrelin were quantified in adult manatee serum using heterologous radioimmunoassays. Samples were compared between short (winter) and long (summer) photoperiods (n = 22 male, 20 female) and by age class (adult, juvenile, and calf) in long photoperiods (n = 37). Short photoperiods tended to have reduced GH (p = 0.08), greater IGF-I (p = 0.01), and greater blubber depth (p = 0.03) compared with long photoperiods. No differences were observed in ghrelin (p = 0.66). Surprisingly, no age related differences were observed in IGF-I or ghrelin concentrations (p > 0.05). However, serum concentrations of GH tended (p = 0.07) to be greater in calves and juveniles compared with adults. Increased IGF-I, greater blubber thickness, and reduced GH during short photoperiod suggest a prioritization for adipose deposition. Whereas, increased GH, reduced blubber thickness, and decreased IGF-I in long photoperiod suggest prioritization of lean tissue accretion. Hormone profiles in conjunction with difference in body composition between photoperiods indicate seasonal adjustments in manatee nutrient partitioning priorities. (C) 2016 Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Saugetierkunde. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Tighe, Rachel L.; Avery, Julie P.] Univ N Florida, Dept Biol Sci, 1 UNF Dr, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. [Bonde, Robert K.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Avery, JP (reprint author), Univ N Florida, Dept Biol Sci, 1 UNF Dr, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. EM RachelLynnTighe@gmail.com; rbonde@usgs.gov; j.avery@unf.edu OI Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 FU UNF Coastal Biology FX Manatee health assessments were made possible through the dedicated efforts of staff and volunteers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, and University of Florida. Archived serum samples were collected during health assessments were provided by the USGS to the University of North Florida (UNF) for laboratory analysis. Sample collection was authorized to the USGS under the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Research Permit (MA791721-5). Protocols were reviewed and approved by UNF Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC# 12-013). Funding for the laboratory analyses were provided by the UNF Coastal Biology program and laboratory start-up funds issued to J.P. Avery. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1616-5047 EI 1618-1476 J9 MAMM BIOL JI Mamm. Biol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 81 IS 3 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.mambio.2016.02.006 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DN1CV UT WOS:000376804800003 ER PT J AU McHugh, TA Schwartz, E AF McHugh, Theresa A. Schwartz, Egbert TI A watering manipulation in a semiarid grassland induced changes in fungal but not bacterial community composition SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Illumina sequencing; Monsoon precipitation; Activity; Soil microorganisms; Water stress ID SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; MARITIME TROPICAL AIR; N-MINERALIZATION; RESPIRATION; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; CALIFORNIA; ECOSYSTEM; MICROORGANISMS; DIVERSITY AB Monsoon precipitation in the arid southwestern United States is an important driver of ecosystem productivity, delivering up to 50% of annual precipitation during the summer months. These sporadic rainfall events typify drying-rewetting cycles and impose a physiological stress on the soil microbial communities responsible for carbon and nutrient cycling. As one aspect of climate change is an intensification of the hydrologic cycle, understanding how soil microbial communities and the processes they mediate are impacted by moisture fluctuations is increasingly important. We performed a month-long watering manipulation in the field and characterized bacterial and fungal communities across five time points using high-throughput sequencing. Watering treatment had a significant impact on fungal community composition, and there was a trend toward decreased fungal diversity and OTU richness in watered plots. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in bacterial communities between watered and control plots nor among sampling times. These findings suggest that fungi are more sensitive than bacteria to changes in soil moisture. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [McHugh, Theresa A.; Schwartz, Egbert] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [McHugh, Theresa A.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP McHugh, TA (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.; McHugh, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM mchughtheresa@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation IGERT Fellowship [DGE-0549505]; NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant FX T. McHugh was supported by a National Science Foundation IGERT Fellowship (DGE-0549505). A NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant also helped to fund this research. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PD MAY PY 2016 VL 59 IS 3 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.pedobi.2016.04.003 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA DN1DD UT WOS:000376805600006 ER PT J AU Morrison, TA Link, WA Newmark, WD Foley, CAH Bolger, DT AF Morrison, Thomas A. Link, William A. Newmark, William D. Foley, Charles A. H. Bolger, Douglas T. TI Tarangire revisited: Consequences of declining connectivity in a tropical ungulate population SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian estimation; Corridor; Habitat change; Population dynamics; Site fidelity; Tarangire-Manyara Ecosystem ID MIGRATORY UNGULATE; NORTHERN TANZANIA; LARGE HERBIVORES; NATIONAL-PARK; WILDEBEEST; RECAPTURE; PREDATION; TRENDS; MISIDENTIFICATION; CONSERVATION AB The hyper-abundance of migratory wildlife in many ecosystems depends on maintaining access to seasonally available resources. In Eastern and Southern Africa, land-use change and a loss of connectivity have coincided with widespread declines in the abundance and geographic range of ungulate populations. Using photographic capture-mark-recapture, we examine the historical pattern of loss of connectivity and its impact on population trends in a partially migratory wildebeest population in northern Tanzania. To estimate abundance, we use a novel modeling approach that overcomes bias associated with photo misidentifications. Our data indicate (1) diminished connectivity within and between seasonal areas as a result of human activities, (2) a reduction in the overall population size compared to historical numbers, with high variability over time, (3) the continued use of highly constrained movement corridors between the three main seasonal ranges, (4) higher recruitment in the non-migratory subpopulation (Lake Manyara National Park) than in other areas of the ecosystem, and (5) an increase in the relative abundance of resident to migrant wildebeest. Recent conservation efforts to protect seasonal habitat and to enforce anti-poaching policies outside protected areas have likely helped stabilize the population, at least temporarily, but we caution that several key vulnerabilities remain. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Morrison, Thomas A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Link, William A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Newmark, William D.] Univ Utah, Nat Hist Museum Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. [Foley, Charles A. H.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, POB 2703, Arusha, Tanzania. [Bolger, Douglas T.] Dartmouth Coll, Environm Studies Program, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Morrison, TA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM tmorrison80@gmail.com OI Morrison, Thomas/0000-0001-7262-1402 FU Wildlife Conservation Society Tarangire Elephant Project; Tembo Foundation; Switzer Foundation Fellowship; Dartmouth College; Earthwatch Institute FX We are grateful to the many villages on whose land this research took place, including Gelai Lumbwa, Engaruka, Selela, Esilale, Ol Tukai, Mto wa Mbu, Minjungu, Mswakini Juu, Mswakini Chini, Emboreet, Terat, Loiborsoit, Loiborseret and Kimotorok. We thank the Tanzania National Parks, the Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute and the Tanzanian Wildlife Division for permission to conduct fieldwork. Funding was provided by Wildlife Conservation Society Tarangire Elephant Project, Tembo Foundation, Switzer Foundation Fellowship, Dartmouth College and the Earthwatch Institute. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive use only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government The manuscript is dedicated to the memory of R. Godson Mollel, who was instrumental to the success of this research. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 197 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.02.034 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN1AS UT WOS:000376798800008 ER PT J AU Ryu, HY Shoemaker, KT Kneip, E Pidgeon, AM Heglund, PJ Bateman, BL Thogmartin, WE Akcakaya, HR AF Ryu, Hae Yeong Shoemaker, Kevin T. Kneip, Eva Pidgeon, Anna M. Heglund, Patricia J. Bateman, Brooke L. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Akcakaya, H. Resit TI Developing population models with data from marked individuals SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Population viability analysis; Stage-structured demographic models; Survival; Fecundity; Density-dependence; Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; ROBUST DESIGN; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; EXTINCTION RISK; SURVIVAL RATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AGE RATIOS; SENSITIVITY; PARAMETERS; VIABILITY AB Population viability analysis (PVA) is a powerful tool for biodiversity assessments, but its use has been limited because of the requirements for fully specified population models such as demographic structure, density dependence, environmental stochasticity, and specification of uncertainties. Developing a fully specified population model from commonly available data sources - notably, mark-recapture studies - remains complicated due to lack of practical methods for estimating fecundity, true survival (as opposed to apparent survival), natural temporal variability in both survival and fecundity, density-dependence in the demographic parameters, and uncertainty in model parameters. We present a general method that estimates all the key parameters required to specify a stochastic, matrix-based population model, constructed using a long-term mark-recapture dataset. Unlike standard mark-recapture analyses, our approach provides estimates of true survival rates and fecundities, their respective natural temporal variabilities, and density-dependence functions, making it possible to construct a population model for long-term projection of population dynamics. Furthermore, our method includes a formal quantification of parameter uncertainty for global (multivariate) sensitivity analysis. We apply this approach to 9 bird species and demonstrate the feasibility of using data from the Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) program. Bias-correction factors for raw estimates of survival and fecundity derived from mark recapture data (apparent survival and juvenile:adult ratio, respectively) were non-negligible, and corrected parameters were generally more biologically reasonable than their uncorrected counterparts. Our method allows the development of fully specified stochastic population models using a single, widely available data source, substantially reducing the barriers that have until now limited the widespread application of PVA. This method is expected to greatly enhance our understanding of the processes underlying population dynamics and our ability to analyze viability and project trends for species of conservation concern. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ryu, Hae Yeong; Shoemaker, Kevin T.; Kneip, Eva; Akcakaya, H. Resit] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Pidgeon, Anna M.; Bateman, Brooke L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Heglund, Patricia J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Shoemaker, Kevin T.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Akcakaya, HR (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM Resit.Akcakaya@stonybrook.edu RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 FU NASA Biodiversity Program; Climate and Biological Response [NNH10ZDA001N-BIOCLIM] FX We thank the NASA Biodiversity Program and the Climate and Biological Response funding opportunity (NNH10ZDA001N-BIOCLIM) for support of this research. We thank the many volunteers who have contributed to the MAPS program and those who have run BBS routes. We also thank the Institute for Bird Populations for development and active curation of the MAPS dataset. Any use of trade, product, or firm names are for descriptive purposes only and do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 197 BP 190 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.02.031 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN1AS UT WOS:000376798800024 ER PT J AU Wiest, WA Correll, MD Olsen, BJ Elphick, CS Hodgman, TP Curson, DR Shriver, WG AF Wiest, Whitney A. Correll, Maureen D. Olsen, Brian J. Elphick, Chris S. Hodgman, Thomas P. Curson, David R. Shriver, W. Gregory TI Population estimates for tidal marsh birds of high conservation concern in the northeastern USA from a design-based survey SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE abundance; marsh birds; monitoring; northeastern USA; population; sampling design; tidal marsh ID SHARP-TAILED SPARROWS; SEA-LEVEL RISE; NEST-SITE SELECTION; SALT-MARSH; AMMODRAMUS-CAUDACUTUS; NEW-ENGLAND; HABITAT USE; ATLANTIC COAST; NELSONS; RESOURCES AB Tidal marsh loss to anthropogenic environmental impacts and climate change, particularly sea level rise, has and will continue to cause declines in tidal marsh bird populations. Distribution patterns of tidal marsh birds are generally known, yet we lack detailed knowledge of local abundance and regional population sizes, which limits our ability to develop effective conservation strategies that will mitigate the impacts of marsh loss. We designed and implemented a probabilistic sampling framework to establish a regional marsh bird monitoring program, and collected baseline information for breeding tidal marsh birds in the northeastern USA (Maine to Virginia). We sampled 1,780 locations in 2011-2012 to provide regional population estimates for 5 tidal marsh-specialist birds. We estimated that there were 151,000 Clapper Rails (Rallus crepitans; 95% CI = 90,000-212,000), 117,000 Willets (Tringa semipalmata; 95% CI = 88,000-146,000), 5,000 Nelson's Sparrows (Ammodramus nelsoni; 95% CI = 1,000-9,000), 53,000 Saltmarsh Sparrows (A. caudacutus; 95% CI = 37,000-69,000), and 230,000 Seaside Sparrows (A. maritimus; 95% CI = 174,000-286,000) in northeastern tidal marshes. Our baseline assessment can be used to identify local habitat patches important to regional populations for each species and to prioritize conservation actions in targeted areas to maximize tidal marsh bird persistence. The flexibility and probabilistic design of our sampling framework also allow for integration with other monitoring programs (e.g., the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Salt Marsh Integrity Program and National Park Service Vital Signs Monitoring Program) so that inferences for these species can be made at multiple spatial scales. C1 [Wiest, Whitney A.; Shriver, W. Gregory] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE USA. [Correll, Maureen D.; Olsen, Brian J.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME USA. [Elphick, Chris S.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT USA. [Elphick, Chris S.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Conservat & Biodivers, Storrs, CT USA. [Hodgman, Thomas P.] Maine Dept Inland Fish & Wildlife, Bangor, ME USA. [Curson, David R.] Audubon Maryland DC, Baltimore, MD USA. [Wiest, Whitney A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Charleston, SC USA. RP Wiest, WA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE USA.; Wiest, WA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Charleston, SC USA. EM Whitney_Wiest@fws.gov OI Olsen, Brian/0000-0001-5608-2779 FU Competitive State Wildlife Grant via Federal Aid in Sportfish and Wildlife Restoration to the States of Delaware, Maryland, Connecticut, and Maine [U2-5-R-1]; Northeast Regional Conservation Needs Grant [2010-03]; National Science Foundation RAPID [DEB-1340008] FX Financial support was provided by a Competitive State Wildlife Grant (U2-5-R-1) via Federal Aid in Sportfish and Wildlife Restoration to the States of Delaware, Maryland, Connecticut, and Maine. Additional funding was provided by Northeast Regional Conservation Needs Grant 2010-03 and National Science Foundation RAPID Grant DEB-1340008. No funders had any input into the content of the manuscript nor required their approval of the manuscript before submission or publication. NR 112 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 14 U2 23 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2016 VL 118 IS 2 BP 274 EP 288 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-15-30.1 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DN0QO UT WOS:000376769000004 ER PT J AU Theimer, TC Smith, AD Mahoney, SM Ironside, KE AF Theimer, Tad C. Smith, Aaron D. Mahoney, Sean M. Ironside, Kirsten E. TI Available data support protection of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher under the Endangered Species Act SO CONDOR LA English DT Editorial Material DE Endangered Species Act; mitochondrial DNA; niche modeling; plumage coloration; subspecies; Willow Flycatcher; song ID EMPIDONAX-TRAILLII-EXTIMUS; HYBRID ZONE; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; CONSERVATION; INTROGRESSION; POPULATION; SPECIATION; HABITAT AB Zink (2015) argued there was no evidence for genetic, morphological, or ecological differentiation between the federally endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) and other Willow Flycatcher subspecies. Using the same data, we show there is a step-cline in both the frequency of a mtDNA haplotype and in plumage variation roughly concordant with the currently recognized boundary between E. t. extimus and E. t adastus, the subspecies with which it shares the longest common boundary. The geographical pattern of plumage variation is also concordant with previous song analyses differentiating those 2 subspecies and identified birds in one low-latitude, high-elevation site in Arizona as the northern subspecies. We also demonstrate that the ecological niche modeling approach used by Zink yields the same result whether applied to the 2 flycatcher subspecies or to 2 unrelated species, E. t. extimus and Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia). As a result, any interpretation of those results as evidence for lack of ecological niche differentiation among Willow Flycatcher subspecies would also indicate no differentiation among recognized species and would therefore be an inappropriate standard for delineating subspecies. We agree that many analytical techniques now available to examine genetic, morphological, and ecological differentiation would improve our understanding of the distinctness (or lack thereof) of Willow Flycatcher subspecies, but we argue that currently available evidence supports protection of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher under the Endangered Species Act. C1 [Theimer, Tad C.; Smith, Aaron D.; Mahoney, Sean M.; Ironside, Kirsten E.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Ironside, Kirsten E.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Theimer, TC (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Tad.Theimer@nau.edu NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2016 VL 118 IS 2 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-15-71.1 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DN0QO UT WOS:000376769000005 ER PT J AU Rivera-Milan, FF Boomer, GS Martinez, AJ AF Rivera-Milan, Frank F. Boomer, G. Scott Martinez, Alexis J. TI Sustainability assessment of Plain Pigeons and White-crowned Pigeons illegally hunted in Puerto Rico SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Bayesian state-space model; distance sampling; monitoring; Patagioenas inornata wetmorei; P. leucocephala; population assessment ID SCALY-NAPED PIGEONS; POPULATION-SIZE; DENSITY; VIEQUES AB The Puerto Rican Plain Pigeon (Patagioenas inornata wetmorei) and the White-crowned Pigeon (P. leucocephala) are hunted illegally in Puerto Rico, despite being protected. Data are lacking to estimate how many are hunted illegally each year. For this reason, we used abundance estimates derived from distance sampling surveys conducted in 19862014 to (1) fit a Bayesian state-space model, (2) estimate posterior distributions for population and harvest management parameters (e.g., growth rate, carrying capacity, and maximum sustainable harvest rate), and (3) predict abundance in 2025 as a function of potential illegal hunting in 2015-2024. For the Plain Pigeon and White-crowned Pigeon, respectively, the intrinsic rate of population growth was 0.351 (95% credible interval = 0.086-0.737) and 0.352 (0.094-0.699), population carrying capacity was 55,840 (29,649-96,505) and 73,692 (47,225-98,434) individuals, maximum sustainable harvest rate was 0.176 (0.043-0.369 and 0.047-0.349), and predicted abundance was 20,536 (8,167-89,040) and 29,361 (1,779-100,937) individuals in 2025. Both pigeon populations increased from low numbers in the 1980-1990s, recovered quickly after hurricanes in 1989 and 1998, surpassed carrying capacity in 1995-2008, and decreased sharply at the same time that legal hunting of columbids increased in 2008-2014. Our monitoring and modeling results suggest that an increase in illegal hunting may be responsible for some of the abundance decline in 2008-2014, and that population sustainability may be affected by illegal hunting in 2015-2025. Therefore, data collection and the control of illegal hunting should be considered management priorities. Because we are updating model-based abundance predictions annually with monitoring data, we can inform management decisions, evaluate the results of conservation actions taken to maintain the pigeon populations fluctuating around carrying-capacity levels, and learn from the comparison of estimated and predicted abundances. Our monitoring and modeling scheme is applicable to other resident and migratory bird populations in the Caribbean. C1 [Rivera-Milan, Frank F.; Boomer, G. Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD USA. [Martinez, Alexis J.] Bur Fisheries & Wildlife, Dept Nat & Environm Resources, San Juan, PR USA. RP Rivera-Milan, FF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD USA. EM frank_rivera@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management; Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, Division of Terrestrial Resources, through Commonwealth and Federal Aid funds (USFWS, Region 4) FX We received support from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management, and the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, Division of Terrestrial Resources, through Commonwealth and Federal Aid funds (USFWS, Region 4). NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2016 VL 118 IS 2 BP 300 EP 308 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-15-110.1 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DN0QO UT WOS:000376769000006 ER PT J AU Miller, WB Winchell, CS AF Miller, William B. Winchell, Clark S. TI A comparison of point-count and area-search surveys for monitoring site occupancy of the Coastal California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica californica) SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Coastal California Gnatcatcher; detectability; occupancy; optimization; playback recording; point count; walking survey AB Improving the efficiency of monitoring protocols prescribed by conservation plans can release typically limited funding for other management and conservation activities. We present an approach for optimizing protocols that considers the precision of parameter estimates, costs of implementation, and broader monitoring-program goals. In a case study of the Coastal California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica californica), we compared the efficiency of point-count surveys (with and without playbacks of vocalizations) and area-search surveys (with playbacks) for estimating site occupancy. Conducting an area-search survey of a 2.25 ha plot required an average of 19 min longer than conducting an 18-min point-count survey (15 min of silent observation followed by 3 min of playbacks) at the same location. However, the estimated detection probability (p) during a single visit was lower for point counts (0.41 +/- 0.05) than for area searches (0.69 +/- 0.05), while both methods generated similar occupancy (Psi) estimates (0.34 +/- 0.06). To obtain the specified level of precision for estimates of occupancy (i.e. with 10% coefficient of variation), the total survey effort (travel time+survey time) was projected to be 35% lower for area searches than for point counts because of differences in detection probability and, thus, in the required numbers of sites and visits per site. For point counts, detection probability increased from 0.35 +/- 0.02 to 0.46 +/- 0.03 visit(-1) after playbacks were broadcast at the end of the count. Free use of playbacks is one of the factors that contributed to the higher detection probability of the area-search method, but playbacks may introduce a slight positive bias into occupancy estimates. Because there are tradeoffs in switching to area-search methods, the decision to switch protocols demands full consideration of monitoring-program goals and the costs and benefits of each survey approach. C1 [Miller, William B.; Winchell, Clark S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, Carlsbad, CA USA. RP Miller, WB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, Carlsbad, CA USA. EM william_b_miller@fws.gov FU Natural Communities Coalition via TRANSNET [5000793]; SANDAG via TRANSNET [5000793] FX This work was jointly funded by a grant from the Natural Communities Coalition and SANDAG Agreement no. 5000793 with funds provided via TRANSNET. None of the funders had any input into the content or required approval of the manuscript before submission or publication. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 8 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2016 VL 118 IS 2 BP 329 EP 337 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-15-67.1 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DN0QO UT WOS:000376769000008 ER PT J AU Mahoney, A Chalfoun, AD AF Mahoney, Anika Chalfoun, Anna D. TI Reproductive success of Horned Lark and McCown's Longspur in relation to wind energy infrastructure SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE wind facility; grassland bird; nest success; turbine density; turbine proximity; habitat ID NEST-PREDATION RISK; GRASSLAND SONGBIRDS; PARUS-MAJOR; INVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; HABITAT SELECTION; FOOD AVAILABILITY; GREAT TITS; SURVIVAL; BIRDS; PRAIRIE AB Wind energy is a rapidly expanding industry with potential indirect effects to wildlife populations that are largely unexplored. In 2011 and 2012, we monitored 211 nests of 2 grassland songbirds, Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris) and McCown's Longspur (Rhynchophanes mccownii), at 3 wind farms and 2 undeveloped reference sites in Wyoming, USA. We evaluated several indices of reproductive investment and success: clutch size, size-adjusted nestling mass, daily nest survival rate, and number of fledglings. We compared reproductive success between wind farms and undeveloped sites and modeled reproductive success within wind farms as a function of wind energy infrastructure and habitat. Size-adjusted nestling mass of Horned Lark was weakly negatively related to turbine density. In 2011, nest survival of Horned Lark decreased 55% as turbine density increased from 10 to 39 within 2 km of the nest. In 2012, however, nest survival of Horned Lark was best predicted by the combination of vegetation height, distance to shrub edge, and turbine density, with survival increasing weakly with increasing vegetation height. McCown's Longspur nest survival was weakly positively related to vegetation density at the nest site when considered with the amount of grassland habitat in the neighborhood and turbine density within 1 km of the nest. Habitat and distance to infrastructure did not explain clutch size or number of fledglings for either species, or size-adjusted nestling mass for McCown's Longspur. Our results suggest that the influence of wind energy infrastructure varies temporally and by species, even among species using similar habitats. Turbine density was repeatedly the most informative measure of wind energy development. Turbine density could influence wildlife responses to wind energy production and may become increasingly important to consider as development continues in areas with high-quality wind resources. C1 [Mahoney, Anika] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Chalfoun, Anna D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Mahoney, A (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM anikamahoney@gmail.com FU Wyoming Game and Fish Department FX We thank the Wyoming Game and Fish Department for funding this research. None of our funders had any influence on the content of the submitted or published manuscript. None of our funders required approval of the final manuscript to be published. NR 88 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 17 U2 30 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2016 VL 118 IS 2 BP 360 EP 375 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-15-25.1 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DN0QO UT WOS:000376769000011 ER PT J AU Pearse, AT Brandt, DA Krapu, GL AF Pearse, Aaron T. Brandt, David A. Krapu, Gary L. TI Wintering Sandhill Crane exposure to wind energy development in the central and southern Great Plains, USA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Grus canadensis; Sandhill Crane; resource selection function; risk assessment; satellite telemetry; wind energy ID UNDERSTANDING BIRD COLLISIONS; PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; RESOURCE SELECTION; HABITAT USE; GRASSLAND SONGBIRDS; POWER-LINES; MORTALITY; TURBINES; FARMS; CONSERVATION AB Numerous wind energy projects have been constructed in the central and southern Great Plains, USA, the main wintering area for midcontinental Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis). In an initial assessment of the potential risks of wind towers to cranes, we estimated spatial overlap, investigated potential avoidance behavior, and determined the habitat associations of cranes. We used data from cranes marked with platform transmitting terminals (PTTs) with and without global positioning system (GPS) capabilities. We estimated the wintering distributions of PTT-marked cranes prior to the construction of wind towers, which we compared with current tower locations. Based on this analysis, we found 7% spatial overlap between the distributions of cranes and towers. When we looked at individually marked cranes, we found that 52% would have occurred within 10 km of a tower at some point during winter. Using data from cranes marked after tower construction, we found a potential indication of avoidance behavior, whereby GPS-marked cranes generally used areas slightly more distant from existing wind towers than would be expected by chance. Results from a habitat selection model suggested that distances between crane locations and towers may have been driven more by habitat selection than by avoidance, as most wind towers were constructed in locations not often selected by wintering cranes. Our findings of modest regional overlap and that few towers have been placed in preferred crane habitat suggest that the current distribution of wind towers may be of low risk to the continued persistence of wintering midcontinental Sandhill Cranes in the central and southern Great Plains. C1 [Pearse, Aaron T.; Brandt, David A.; Krapu, Gary L.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. RP Pearse, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. EM apearse@usgs.gov FU Region 6 of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey - Platte River Priority Ecosystems Study; Central Flyway Council; Webless Migratory Game Bird Research Program FX We thank Region 6 of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey - Platte River Priority Ecosystems Study, the Central Flyway Council, and the Webless Migratory Game Bird Research Program for funding and in-kind assistance. None of our funders had any influence on the content of the submitted or published manuscript. The U.S. Geological Survey required approval of the final manuscript before submission and publication. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 16 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2016 VL 118 IS 2 BP 391 EP 401 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-15-99.1 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DN0QO UT WOS:000376769000013 ER PT J AU Sedinger, JS Nicolai, CA VanDellen, AW Leach, AG Wilson, HM Anthony, RM AF Sedinger, James S. Nicolai, Christopher A. VanDellen, Amanda W. Leach, Alan G. Wilson, Heather M. Anthony, R. Michael TI Predation and reduced grazing interact to reduce recruitment and population growth in Black Brant SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Arctic fox; Alopex lagopus; Black Brant; Branta bernicla nigricans; grazing; nest success; population dynamics; predation; recruitment; survival; trophic cascade ID YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; LESSER SNOW GOOSE; FOXES ALOPEX-LAGOPUS; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; BRENT GEESE; BERNICLA-NIGRICANS; WESTERN ALASKA; ARCTIC FOXES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BREEDING PROBABILITY AB Dynamics of avian populations may be governed by a complex interaction between immediate effects of predation and longer-term trophic feedbacks between individuals and their foods. We used a long-term study of uniquely marked Black Brant geese (Branta bernicla nigricans) to estimate recruitment into the breeding population. We related recruitment to nest success, which directly affects recruitment 2 to 3 years later. We also assessed similarly time-lagged relationships between recruitment and number of nests in the colony, a measure of local density, and pre-fledging and first-year survival, the latter of which is strongly influenced by growth conditions and food availability for young of the year. We assessed relationships between number of recruits and explanatory variables in 2 sets of models, which either included or excluded a linear trend across years in numbers of recruits. The best-performing models in each model set explained a substantial proportion of the variation in numbers of recruits 2 to 3 years later (85 and 78% in the 2 model sets, respectively). First-year survival was an important predictor of number of recruits in both sets of models, whereas nest success was important only in models lacking a trend across years. Number of nests in the colony had a relatively weak negative association with number of recruits. First-year survival reflects a lagged response to earlier nest-predation events. Reduced grazing during predation events can result in loss of grazing lawns and thus reduced growth rates of future cohorts of goslings, which are regulated by food abundance and density of broods. Our finding that recruitment is insufficient to maintain the breeding population results from both direct effect of predation on nests, primarily by Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus), and longer-term indirect effects of such predation on first-year survival of Black Brant. C1 [Sedinger, James S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Nicolai, Christopher A.; VanDellen, Amanda W.; Leach, Alan G.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Wilson, Heather M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK USA. [Anthony, R. Michael] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Sedinger, JS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM jsedinger@cabnr.unr.edu OI Leach, Alan/0000-0002-7645-8312 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management Region 7; Ducks Unlimited; Morro Bay Brant Group; National Science Foundation [OPP 9214970, DEB 9815383, OPP 9985931, OPP 0196406, DEB 0743152, DEB 1252656] FX Studies at the Tutakoke River colony were supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management Region 7; Ducks Unlimited; the Morro Bay Brant Group; Phil Jebbia (in memory of Marnie Shepherd); and the National Science Foundation (OPP 9214970, DEB 9815383, OPP 9985931, OPP 0196406, DEB 0743152, DEB 1252656, respectively); the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge provided logistical support. None of the funders required their approval of the manuscript before submission or publication. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 17 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2016 VL 118 IS 2 BP 433 EP 444 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-15-109.1 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DN0QO UT WOS:000376769000017 ER PT J AU Tank, SE Striegl, RG McClelland, JW Kokelj, SV AF Tank, Suzanne E. Striegl, Robert G. McClelland, James W. Kokelj, Steven V. TI Multi-decadal increases in dissolved organic carbon and alkalinity flux from the Mackenzie drainage basin to the Arctic Ocean SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Arctic; dissolved organic carbon; weathering; pyrite oxidation; Mackenzie River ID PERMAFROST THAW; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; THERMAL STATE; DELTA REGION; RIVER-BASIN; CANADA; GEOCHEMISTRY; IMPACTS; SLUMPS AB Riverine exports of organic and inorganic carbon (OC, IC) to oceans are intricately linked to processes occurring on land. Across high latitudes, thawing permafrost, alteration of hydrologic flow paths, and changes in vegetation may all affect this flux, with subsequent implications for regional and global carbon (C) budgets. Using a unique, multi-decadal dataset of continuous discharge coupled with water chemistry measurements for the Mackenzie River, we show major increases in dissolved OC (DOC) and IC (as alkalinity) fluxes since the early 1970s, for a watershed that covers 1.8 M km(2) of northwestern Canada, and provides substantial inputs of freshwater and biogeochemical constituents to the Arctic Ocean. Over a 39-year period of record, DOC flux at the Mackenzie mouth increased by 39.3% (44.5 +/- 22.6 Gmol), while alkalinity flux increased by 12.5% (61.5 +/- 60.1 Gmol). Isotopic analyses and substantial increases in sulfate flux indicate that increases in alkalinity are driven by accelerating sulfide oxidation, a process that liberates IC from rock and soils in the absence of CO2 consumption. Seasonal and sub-catchment trends suggest that permafrost thaw plays an important role in the observed increases in DOC and alkalinity: sub-catchment increases for all constituents are confined to northern, permafrost-affected regions, while observed increases in autumn to winter are consistent with documented landscape-scale changes that have resulted from changing thaw dynamics. This increase in DOC and sulfide-derived alkalinity represents a substantial intensification of land-to-ocean C mobilization, at a level that is significant within the regional C budget. The change we observe, for example, is similar to current and projected future rates of CO2 consumption by weathering in the Mackenzie basin. C1 [Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [McClelland, James W.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, 750 Channel View Dr, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Kokelj, Steven V.] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, 4601-B 52 Ave, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada. RP Tank, SE (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. EM suzanne.tank@ualberta.ca RI Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012; McClelland, James/C-5396-2008 OI Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577; McClelland, James/0000-0001-9619-8194 FU NSERC; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; NSF [1107774] FX This analysis was only possible as a result of a decades-long data collection effort by numerous individuals within Environment Canada's Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Division and Water Survey of Canada branch. We specifically thank Minzhen Su and Kerry Pippy for their help to identify relevant datasets, and provide data access. SET acknowledges support from NSERC (Discovery Grant and Northern Research Supplement) and Campus Alberta Innovates Program Chair support. Les Kutny assisted with the collection of the winter SO4 isotope sample (funding via NSF 1107774). Charlene Neilson (University of Alberta) provided GIS support, and generated the map in figure 1. Helpful comments from Ted Stets (USGS) greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 11 IS 5 AR 054015 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/5/054015 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM6TC UT WOS:000376484300015 ER PT J AU Walker, DA Daniels, FJA Alsos, I Bhatt, US Breen, AL Buchhorn, M Bultmann, H Druckenmiller, LA Edwards, ME Ehrich, D Epstein, HE Gould, WA Ims, RA Meltofte, H Raynolds, MK Sibik, J Talbot, SS Webber, PJ AF Walker, D. A. Daniels, F. J. A. Alsos, I. Bhatt, U. S. Breen, A. L. Buchhorn, M. Bueltmann, H. Druckenmiller, L. A. Edwards, M. E. Ehrich, D. Epstein, H. E. Gould, W. A. Ims, R. A. Meltofte, H. Raynolds, M. K. Sibik, J. Talbot, S. S. Webber, P. J. TI Circumpolar Arctic vegetation: a hierarchic review and roadmap toward an internationally consistent approach to survey, archive and classify tundra plot data SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Review DE climate change; remote sensing; vegetation classification; Arctic; biodiversity; circumpolar ID LAND-COVER MAP; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; BIOCLIMATE GRADIENT; GLACIAL SURVIVAL; SHRUB EXPANSION; NORTHERN ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CLASSIFICATION; PATTERNS; RIVER AB Satellite-derived remote-sensing products are providing a modern circumpolar perspective of Arctic vegetation and its changes, but this new view is dependent on a long heritage of ground-based observations in the Arctic. Several products of the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna are key to our current understanding. We review aspects of the PanArctic Flora, the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map, the Arctic Biodiversity Assessment, and the Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA) as they relate to efforts to describe and map the vegetation, plant biomass, and biodiversity of the Arctic at circumpolar, regional, landscape and plot scales. Cornerstones for all these tools are ground-based plant-species and plant-community surveys. The AVA is in progress and will store plot-based vegetation observations in a public-accessible database for vegetation classification, modeling, diversity studies, and other applications. We present the current status of the Alaska Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA-AK), as a regional example for the panarctic archive, and with a roadmap for a coordinated international approach to survey, archive and classify Arctic vegetation. We note the need for more consistent standards of plot-based observations, and make several recommendations to improve the linkage between plot-based observations biodiversity studies and satellite-based observations of Arctic vegetation. C1 [Walker, D. A.; Buchhorn, M.; Druckenmiller, L. A.; Raynolds, M. K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Daniels, F. J. A.; Bueltmann, H.] Univ Munster, Inst Biol & Biotechnol Plants, Munster, Germany. [Alsos, I.] UiT, Tromso Museum, Tromso, Norway. [Bhatt, U. S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Amospher Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Breen, A. L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Edwards, M. E.] Univ Southampton, Dept Geog & Environm, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. [Ehrich, D.; Ims, R. A.] UiT, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, Tromso, Norway. [Epstein, H. E.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Gould, W. A.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. [Meltofte, H.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Sibik, J.] Slovak Acad Sci, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Talbot, S. S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Webber, P. J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Walker, DA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dawalker@alaska.edu RI Ehrich, Dorothee/F-6492-2015 OI Ehrich, Dorothee/0000-0002-3028-9488 FU USA National Atmospheric and Space Administration Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) [NNX13AM20G]; NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change Program (LCLUC) [NNX14AD90G]; International Arctic Science Committee (IASC); Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) FX This paper evolved from a paper presented at the Arctic Biomass Workshop at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2-3 September 2014. Most of the research described here has been supported in part by the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) and the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF). Primary funds for this article came from the USA National Atmospheric and Space Administration Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE, Grant No. NNX13AM20G and the NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change Program (LCLUC Grant No. NNX14AD90G). NR 112 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 22 U2 31 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 11 IS 5 AR 055005 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/5/055005 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM6TC UT WOS:000376484300029 ER PT J AU Wilson, TS Sleeter, BM Cameron, DR AF Wilson, Tamara S. Sleeter, Benjamin M. Cameron, D. Richard TI Future land-use related water demand in California SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE land use; land cover; modeling; state-and-transition simulation modeling; water use; water demand projections; California ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; COVER DATABASE; COMPLETION; IRRIGATION; RISK AB Water shortages in California are a growing concern amidst ongoing drought, earlier spring snowmelt, projected future climate warming, and currently mandated water use restrictions. Increases in population and land use in coming decades will place additional pressure on already limited available water supplies. We used a state-and-transition simulation model to project future changes in developed (municipal and industrial) and agricultural land use to estimate associated water use demand from 2012 to 2062. Under current efficiency rates, total water use was projected to increase 1.8 billion cubic meters (+4.1%) driven primarily by urbanization and shifts to more water intensive crops. Only if currently mandated 25% reductions in municipal water use are continuously implemented would water demand in 2062 balance to water use levels in 2012. This is the first modeling effort of its kind to examine regional land-use related water demand incorporating historical trends of both developed and agricultural land uses. C1 [Wilson, Tamara S.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 531, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sleeter, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 934 Broadway, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Cameron, D. Richard] Nature Conservancy, 201 Mission St,4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP Wilson, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 531, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tswilson@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program; USGS Land Change Science Program; Nature Conservancy FX This research was supported by the US Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Research and Development Program, the USGS Land Change Science Program, and funding from The Nature Conservancy. We are grateful for the detailed and thoughtful internal peer review provided by Dr Claudia Faunt and our anonymous peer reviewers. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 21 U2 35 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 11 IS 5 AR 054018 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/5/054018 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM6TC UT WOS:000376484300018 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD AF Nichols, James D. TI And the First One Now Will Later Be Last: Time-Reversal in Cormack-Jolly-Seber Models SO STATISTICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Capture-recapture models; contributions to population growth; Cormack-Jolly-Seber models; metapopulations; reverse-time ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; POLLOCKS ROBUST DESIGN; MARK-RECAPTURE; DEMOGRAPHIC CONTRIBUTIONS; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; BREEDING PROPORTIONS; POPULATION-GROWTH; EXTINCTION RATES; LOCAL EXTINCTION AB The models of Cormack, Jolly and Seber (CJS) are remarkable in providing a rich set of inferences about population survival, recruitment, abundance and even sampling probabilities from a seemingly limited data source: a matrix of 1's and 0's reflecting animal captures and recaptures at multiple sampling occasions. Survival and sampling probabilities are estimated directly in CJS models, whereas estimators for recruitment and abundance were initially obtained as derived quantities. Various investigators have noted that just as standard modeling provides direct inferences about survival, reversing the time order of capture history data permits direct modeling and inference about recruitment. Here we review the development of reverse-time modeling efforts, emphasizing the kinds of inferences and questions to which they seem well suited. C1 [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jnichols@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 8 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI CLEVELAND PA 3163 SOMERSET DR, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0883-4237 J9 STAT SCI JI Stat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 BP 175 EP 190 DI 10.1214/16-STS546 PG 16 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA DM7DW UT WOS:000376516700005 ER PT J AU Borchert, MI DeFalco, LA AF Borchert, Mark I. DeFalco, Lesley A. TI Yucca brevifolia fruit production, predispersal seed predation, and fruit removal by rodents during two years of contrasting reproduction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Joshua tree; Yucca brevifolia; masting; fruit production; Mojave Desert; fruit removal; pre-dispersal seed predation; Ammospermophilus leucurus; desert rodents ID PINE PINUS-MONOPHYLLA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MOJAVE DESERT; JOSHUA TREES; CACHING RODENTS; DISPERSAL; AGAVACEAE; CALIFORNIA; PLANTS; ESTABLISHMENT AB PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The distribution of Yucca brevifolia, a keystone species of the Mojave Desert, may contract with climate change, yet reproduction and dispersal are poorly understood. We tracked reproduction, seed predation, and fruit dispersal for two years and discuss whether Y. brevifolia is a masting species. METHODS: Fruit maturation, seed predation (larval yucca moths), and fruit dispersal (rodents) were monitored on a random sample of panicles during 2013 and 2014, which were years of high and low reproduction, respectively. Fates of fruits placed on the ground and in canopies were also tracked. Rodents were live-trapped to assess abundance and species composition. KEY RESULTS: In 2013, 66% of inflorescences produced fruit of which 53% escaped larval predation; 19.5% of seeds were destroyed in infested fruits. Total seed production was estimated to be > 100 times greater in 2013 than 2014. One-third of the fruit crop fell to the ground and was removed by rodents over the course of 120 d. After ground fruits became scarce, rodents exploited canopy fruits. Rodent numbers were low in 2013, so fruits remained in canopies for 370 d. In 2014, fruit production was approximately 20% lower. Larvae infested the majority of fruits, and almost twice the number of seeds were damaged. Fruits were exploited by rodents within 65 d. CONCLUSIONS: High fertilization, prolific seed production, and low predispersal predation in 2013 suggests that pollinator attraction and satiation of seed predators influence masting in Y. brevifolia. Abundant, prolonged fruit availability to seed-dispersing rodents likely extends recruitment opportunities during mast years. C1 [Borchert, Mark I.] San Bernardino Natl Forest, POB 292, Fawnskin, CA 92333 USA. [DeFalco, Lesley A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Borchert, MI (reprint author), San Bernardino Natl Forest, POB 292, Fawnskin, CA 92333 USA. EM borchert1@charter.net FU U.S. Geological Survey-Ecosystem Mission Area FX The authors thank S. E. Meyer, P. A. Medica, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments, which significantly improved the final manuscript. This project was partially supported by the U.S. Geological Survey-Ecosystem Mission Area. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 29 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 103 IS 5 BP 830 EP 836 DI 10.3732/ajb.1500516 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DM2FB UT WOS:000376161100006 PM 27208351 ER PT J AU Costea, M Stefanovic, S Garcia, MA De La Cruz, S Casazza, ML Green, AJ AF Costea, Mihai Stefanovic, Sasa Garcia, Miguel A. De La Cruz, Susan Casazza, Michael L. Green, Andy J. TI Waterfowl endozoochory: An overlooked long-distance dispersal mode for Cuscuta (dodder) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Anas acuta; Convolvulaceae; identification; invasive plants; long-distance dispersal; northern pintail; parasitic plants; pest; seed viability ID SUBGENUS GRAMMICA; NORTHERN PINTAILS; CONVOLVULACEAE EVIDENCE; COMPLEX CONVOLVULACEAE; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; SPRING MIGRATION; PLANT DISPERSAL; CAMPESTRIS; SEED; GERMINATION AB PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Dispersal of parasitic Cuscuta species (dodders) worldwide has been assumed to be largely anthropomorphic because their seeds do not match any previously known dispersal syndrome and no natural dispersal vectors have been reliably documented. However, the genus has a sub-cosmopolitan distribution and recent phylogeographic results have indicated that at least 18 historical cases of long-distance dispersal (LDD) have occurred during its evolution. The objective of this study is to report the first LDD biological vector for Cuscuta seeds. METHODS: Twelve northern pintails (Anas acuta) were collected from Suisun Marsh, California and the contents of their lowest part of the large intestine (rectum) were extracted and analyzed. Seed identification was done both morphologically and using a molecular approach. Extracted seeds were tested for germination and compared to seeds not subjected to gut passage to determine the extent of structural changes caused to the seed coat by passing through the digestive tract. KEY RESULTS: Four hundred and twenty dodder seeds were found in the rectum of four northern pintails. From these, 411 seeds were identified as Cuscuta campestris and nine as most likely C. pacifica. The germination rate of C. campestris seeds after gut passage was 55%. Structural changes caused by the gut passage in both species were similar to those caused by an acid scarification. CONCLUSIONS: Endozoochory by waterbirds may explain the historical LDD cases in the evolution of Cuscuta. This also suggests that current border quarantine measures may be insufficient to stopping spreading of dodder pests along migratory flyways. C1 [Costea, Mihai] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. [Stefanovic, Sasa; Garcia, Miguel A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Biol, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [De La Cruz, Susan] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Green, Andy J.] CSIC, Estn Biol Donana, Wetland Ecol Dept, Seville 41092, Spain. RP Costea, M (reprint author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. EM mcostea@wlu.ca RI Garcia, Miguel Angel/N-6275-2016; Green, Andy/A-5189-2008; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; OI Garcia, Miguel Angel/0000-0002-0366-043X; Green, Andy/0000-0002-1268-4951; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU Severo Ochoa Program for Centers of Excellence in R+D+I [SEV-2012-0262]; NSERC of Canada Discovery grants [327013, 326439]; USGS Western Ecological Research Center through Ecosystems Mission Area program FX A.J. Green received financial support through the Severo Ochoa Program for Centers of Excellence in R+D+I (SEV-2012-0262). M. Costea and S. Stefanovic gratefully acknowledge financial support from NSERC of Canada Discovery grants (327013 and 326439, respectively). Field work was supported by the USGS Western Ecological Research Center through the Ecosystems Mission Area program. Kyle Spragens, Mason Hill, Jessica Donald, Vivian Bui, and Cory Overton provided essential help collecting and processing samples. Adam Lovas-Kiss provided vital assistance in the initial identification of the Cuscuta seeds. Cory Overton and two anonymous reviewers reviewed the manuscript and kindly provided comments that improved the quality of the article. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 103 IS 5 BP 957 EP 962 DI 10.3732/ajb.1500507 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DM2FB UT WOS:000376161100017 PM 27208362 ER PT J AU Skelton, A Sturkell, E Jakobsson, M Einarsson, D Tollefsen, E Orr, T AF Skelton, Alasdair Sturkell, Erik Jakobsson, Martin Einarsson, Draupnir Tollefsen, Elin Orr, Tim TI Dimmuborgir: a rootless shield complex in northern Iceland SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dimmuborgir; Iceland; Rootless shields; LiDAR; Younger Laxa Lava ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; LAVA PILLARS; PAHOEHOE; ERUPTION; VOLCANO; HAWAII; WATER; FLOW AB The origin of Dimmuborgir, a shield-like volcanic structure within the Younger Laxa lava flow field near Lake Myvatn, in northern Iceland, has long been questioned. New airborne laser mapping (light detection and ranging (LiDAR)), combined with ground-penetrating radar results and a detailed field study, suggests that Dimmuborgir is a complex of at least two overlapping rootless shields fed by lava erupting from the nearby Ludentarborgir crater row. This model builds upon previous explanations for the formation of Dimmuborgir and is consistent with observations of rootless shield development at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. The larger rootless shields at Dimmuborgir, 1-1.5 km in diameter, elliptical in plan view, similar to 30 m in height, and each with a 500-m-wide summit depression, were capable of storing as much as 2-3x10(6) m(3) of lava. They were fed by lava which descended 30-60 min lava tubes along a distance of 3 km from the crater row. The height difference generated pressure sufficient to build rootless shields at Dimmuborgir in a timescale of weeks. The main summit depressions, inferred to be drained lava ponds, could have emptied via a 30-m-wide x 5-m-deep channel, with estimated effusion rates of 0.7-7 m(3) s(-1) and minimum flow durations of 5-50 days. We argue that the pillars for which Dimmuborgir is famed are remnants of lava pond rims, at various stages of disintegration that formed during pond drainage. C1 [Skelton, Alasdair; Jakobsson, Martin; Einarsson, Draupnir; Tollefsen, Elin] Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Sturkell, Erik] Gothenburg Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Orr, Tim] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI USA. RP Skelton, A (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM alasdair.skelton@geo.su.se NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 78 IS 5 AR 40 DI 10.1007/s00445-016-1032-5 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DM3WZ UT WOS:000376278700007 ER PT J AU van der Burg, MP Anteau, MJ McCauley, LA Wiltermuth, MT AF van der Burg, Max Post Anteau, Michael J. McCauley, Lisa A. Wiltermuth, Mark T. TI A Bayesian approach for temporally scaling climate for modeling ecological systems SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical models; drought indices; hydrology; semipermanent wetlands; Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index; Prairie Pothole Region ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; NORTH-DAKOTA; WETLANDS; DROUGHT; PRECIPITATION; INDEX; AREA AB With climate change becoming more of concern, many ecologists are including climate variables in their system and statistical models. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is a drought index that has potential advantages in modeling ecological response variables, including a flexible computation of the index over different timescales. However, little development has been made in terms of the choice of timescale for SPEI. We developed a Bayesian modeling approach for estimating the timescale for SPEI and demonstrated its use in modeling wetland hydrologic dynamics in two different eras (i.e., historical [pre-1970] and contemporary [post-2003]). Our goal was to determine whether differences in climate between the two eras could explain changes in the amount of water in wetlands. Our results showed that wetland water surface areas tended to be larger in wetter conditions, but also changed less in response to climate fluctuations in the contemporary era. We also found that the average timescale parameter was greater in the historical period, compared with the contemporary period. We were not able to determine whether this shift in timescale was due to a change in the timing of wet-dry periods or whether it was due to changes in the way wetlands responded to climate. Our results suggest that perhaps some interaction between climate and hydrologic response may be at work, and further analysis is needed to determine which has a stronger influence. Despite this, we suggest that our modeling approach enabled us to estimate the relevant timescale for SPEI and make inferences from those estimates. Likewise, our approach provides a mechanism for using prior information with future data to assess whether these patterns may continue over time. We suggest that ecologists consider using temporally scalable climate indices in conjunction with Bayesian analysis for assessing the role of climate in ecological systems. C1 [van der Burg, Max Post; Anteau, Michael J.; Wiltermuth, Mark T.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [McCauley, Lisa A.] S Dakota State Univ, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 8711 37th 5 St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP van der Burg, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov OI Post van der Burg, Max/0000-0002-3943-4194; Wiltermuth, Mark/0000-0002-8871-2816 FU Plains and Prairie Potholes Landscape Conservation Cooperative; USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center FX This research was funded by the Plains and Prairie Potholes Landscape Conservation Cooperative and USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 6 IS 9 BP 2978 EP 2987 DI 10.1002/ece3.2092 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DM2AX UT WOS:000376149400029 ER PT J AU Saalfeld, DT Matz, AC McCaffery, BJ Johnson, OW Bruner, P Lanctot, RB AF Saalfeld, David T. Matz, Angela C. McCaffery, Brian J. Johnson, Oscar W. Bruner, Phil Lanctot, Richard B. TI Inorganic and organic contaminants in Alaskan shorebird eggs SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Shorebirds; Mercury; Organochlorines; Strontium; Prince William Sound; Arctic ID NORTH-AMERICAN SHOREBIRDS; NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-REFUGE; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; TOXICOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SELENIUM CONCENTRATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; WINTERING SHOREBIRDS; INCLUDING MERCURY; ARCTIC SHOREBIRDS AB Many shorebird populations throughout North America are thought to be declining, with potential causes attributed to habitat loss and fragmentation, reduced prey availability, increased predation, human disturbance, and increased exposure to environmental pollutants. Shorebirds may be particularly vulnerable to contaminant exposure throughout their life cycle, as they forage primarily on invertebrates in wetlands, where many contaminants accumulate disproportionately in the sediments. Therefore, it is important to document and monitor shorebird populations thought to be at risk and assess the role that environmental contaminants may have on population declines. To investigate potential threats and provide baseline data on shorebird contaminant levels in Alaskan shorebirds, contaminant concentrations were evaluated in shorebird eggs from 16 species residing in seven geographic distinct regions of Alaska. Similar to previous studies, low levels of most inorganic and organic contaminants were found, although concentrations of several inorganic and organic contaminants were higher than those of previous studies. For example, elevated strontium levels were observed in several species, especially black oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani) sampled in PrinceWilliam Sound, Alaska. Additionally, contaminant concentrations varied among species, with significantly higher concentrations of inorganic contaminants found in eggs of pectoral sandpiper (Calidris melanotos), semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla), black oystercatcher, and bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica). Similarly, significantly higher concentrations of some organic contaminants were found in the eggs of American golden plover (Pluvialis dominica), black-bellied plover (Pluvialis squatarola), pacific golden plover (Pluvialis fulva), bar-tailed godwit, and semipalmated sandpiper. Despite these elevated levels, current concentrations of contaminants in shorebird eggs suggest that breeding environments are relatively free of most contaminants and that contaminant concentrations are below levels (except potentially strontium) that would likely affect the survival of individuals and consequently regulate the species at the population level. C1 [Saalfeld, David T.; Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management Div, 1011 East Tudor Rd,MS 201, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Matz, Angela C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks Fish & Wildlife Field Off, 101 12th Ave,Room 110, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [McCaffery, Brian J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 346, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. [Johnson, Oscar W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Bruner, Phil] Brigham Young Univ Hawaii, 55-220 Kulanui St, Laie, HI 96762 USA. [Saalfeld, David T.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Saalfeld, DT (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM dsaalfeld@gmail.com FU US Fish and Wildlife Service Avian Health and Disease Program; Region 7 Migratory Bird Management and Ecological Services divisions FX We are grateful to the many biologists across Alaska who provided samples for this study, including S. Brown, S. Connors, S. Dieni, M. Greenlee, R. Hunnewell, J. Johnson, M. Johnson, J. Juillerat, D. Kainai, S. Kendall, G. Norwood, D. Payer, D. Ruthrauff, K. Sowl, M. Spies, K. Sullivan, C. Villa, and B. Winn. Samples were collected under the USFWS federal permit MB026962-0 (2002) and MB085371-3 (2004) and the State of Alaska scientific permit 02-021 and 04-062. Funding was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service Avian Health and Disease Program and the Region 7 Migratory Bird Management and Ecological Services divisions. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 188 IS 5 AR 276 DI 10.1007/s10661-016-5270-y PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM0FC UT WOS:000376017400017 PM 27059035 ER PT J AU Ton, R Martin, TE AF Ton, Riccardo Martin, Thomas E. TI Metabolism correlates with variation in post-natal growth rate among songbirds at three latitudes SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body mass; life-history theory; metabolic rate; physiology; temperate and tropical nestlings ID LIFE-SPAN; TROPICAL BIRDS; GENERAL-MODEL; SLOW PACE; EVOLUTION; HISTORY; RESPIRATION; ALLOCATION; SELECTION; PATTERNS AB 1. Variation in post-natal growth rates is substantial among organisms and especially strong among latitudes because tropical and south temperate species typically have slower growth than north temperate relatives. Metabolic rate is thought to be a critical mechanism underlying growth rates after accounting for allometric effects of body mass. However, comparative tests on a large spatial scale are lacking, and the importance of metabolism for growth rates remains unclear both within and particularly across latitudes. 2. Songbirds exhibit strong interspecific variation in growth rates across geographic space, although within latitudes an association between metabolic rate and growth rate has not always been observed. Moreover, the hypothesis that differences in growth rates across latitudes reflect underlying differences in metabolism is untested. Here, we investigate these possibilities across north temperate, south temperate and tropical study sites. 3. Phylogenetic analyses showed that, for a given body mass, metabolic rates of north temperate nestlings were higher than tropical and south temperate species. Metabolic rates controlled for body mass correlated with post-natal growth rates both within and among latitudes. Offspring body mass explained substantial residual variation in growth rates as expected under classic allometric theory. 4. Our results suggest that variation in metabolic rates has an important influence on broad patterns of avian growth rates at a global scale. We suggest further studies that address the ecological and physiological costs and consequences of variation in metabolism and growth rates. C1 [Ton, Riccardo] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Ton, R (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM riccardo.ton@mso.umt.edu OI Martin, Thomas E/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU U. S. Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program; National Science Foundation [DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041, IOS-1349178]; Drollinger-Dial Foundation; University of Montana IACUC FX We are thankful to our laboratory and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. We thank many field assistants that helped with this project, in particular M. L. Markowsky, J. Olson, K. Corder, J.A. Brandauer, N. Gobbo, O. M. Sutto and V.J. Kerrigan. Sabah Parks and the Sabah Biodiversity Council in Malaysia, and Western Cape Nature Conservation Board in South Africa helped to make the present study possible. The U. S. Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program, the National Science Foundation (DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041, IOS-1349178) and the Drollinger-Dial Foundation supported this work. We performed this research under the auspices of University of Montana IACUC protocol #059-10TMMCWRU. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors of this paper declare no conflict of interest. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-8463 EI 1365-2435 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 30 IS 5 BP 743 EP 748 DI 10.1111/1365-2435.12548 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DL9DN UT WOS:000375941800008 ER PT J AU Day-Lewis, FD Johnson, CD Slater, LD Robinson, JL Williams, JH Boyden, CL Werkema, D Lane, JW AF Day-Lewis, F. D. Johnson, C. D. Slater, L. D. Robinson, J. L. Williams, J. H. Boyden, C. L. Werkema, D. Lane, J. W. TI A Fractured Rock Geophysical Toolbox Method Selection Tool SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Editorial Material AB Article impact statement: A spreadsheet-based software is presented to identify methods for use at fractured-rock sites, based on project goals and site description. C1 [Day-Lewis, F. D.; Johnson, C. D.; Boyden, C. L.; Lane, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Branch Geophys, Off Groundwater, 11 Sherman Pl,Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Slater, L. D.; Robinson, J. L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Williams, J. H.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Werkema, D.] US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Characterizat & Monitoring Branch, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Day-Lewis, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Branch Geophys, Off Groundwater, 11 Sherman Pl,Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM daylewis@usgs.gov OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 54 IS 3 BP 315 EP 316 DI 10.1111/gwat.12397 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DM2WU UT WOS:000376209600003 PM 26743439 ER PT J AU Koch, FW Voytek, EB Day-Lewis, FD Healy, R Briggs, MA Lane, JW Werkema, D AF Koch, Franklin W. Voytek, Emily B. Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Healy, Richard Briggs, Martin A. Lane, John W., Jr. Werkema, Dale TI 1DTempPro V2: New Features for Inferring Groundwater/Surface-Water Exchange SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE TIME-SERIES; FLUX AB A new version of the computer program 1DTempPro extends the original code to include new capabilities for (1) automated parameter estimation, (2) layer heterogeneity, and (3) time-varying specific discharge. The code serves as an interface to the U.S. Geological Survey model VS2DH and supports analysis of vertical one-dimensional temperature profiles under saturated flow conditions to assess groundwater/surface-water exchange and estimate hydraulic conductivity for cases where hydraulic head is known. C1 [Koch, Franklin W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Koch, Franklin W.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, ES118 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Voytek, Emily B.; Day-Lewis, Frederick D.; Briggs, Martin A.; Lane, John W., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, 11 Sherman Pl,Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Day-Lewis, Frederick D.] US Geol Survey, Branch Geophys, Off Groundwater, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 418,Bldng 53, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Healy, Richard] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 418,Bldng 53, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Werkema, Dale] US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Characterizat & Monitoring Branch, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Day-Lewis, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Branch Geophys, Off Groundwater, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 418,Bldng 53, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM daylewis@usgs.gov OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology and Groundwater Resources Programs; United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP10D000782] FX The authors are grateful for useful comments from Timothy McCobb (USGS). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology and Groundwater Resources Programs supported this work. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract EP10D000782. This paper has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 54 IS 3 BP 434 EP 439 DI 10.1111/gwat.12369 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DM2WU UT WOS:000376209600016 PM 26372016 ER PT J AU La Peyre, MK Geaghan, J Decossas, G La Peyre, JF AF La Peyre, Megan K. Geaghan, James Decossas, Gary La Peyre, Jerome F. TI Analysis of Environmental Factors Influencing Salinity Patterns, Oyster Growth, and Mortality in Lower Breton Sound Estuary, Louisiana, Using 20 Years of Data SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE River discharge; Crassostrea virginica; hydrodynamics; Mississippi River; northern Gulf of Mexico ID FRESH-WATER FLOW; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA POPULATION; PERKINSUS-MARINUS INFECTION; EASTERN OYSTERS; MANAGEMENT; TEMPERATURE; IMPACTS; INFLOW; MODEL; TEXAS AB Freshwater inflow characteristics define estuarine functioning by delivering nutrients, sediments, and freshwater, which affect biological resources and ultimately system production. Using 20 years of water quality, weather, and oyster growth and mortality data from Breton Sound Estuary (BSE), Louisiana, we examined the relationship of riverine, weather, and tidal influence on estuarine salinity, and the relationship of salinity to oyster growth and mortality. Mississippi River discharge was found to be the most important factor determining salinity patterns over oyster grounds within lower portions of BSE, with increased river flow associated with lowered salinities, while easterly winds associated with increased salinity were less influential. These patterns were consistent throughout the year. Salinity and temperature (season) were found to critically control oyster growth and mortality, suggesting that seasonal changes to river discharge affecting water quality over the oyster grounds have profound impacts on oyster populations. The management of oyster reefs in estuaries (such as BSE) requires an understanding of how estuarine hydrodynamics and salinity are influenced by forcing factors such as winds, river flow, and by the volume, timing, and location of controlled releases of riverine water. C1 [La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, US Geol Survey,Agr Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Geaghan, James; Decossas, Gary] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Expt Stat, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [La Peyre, Jerome F.] Louisiana State Univ, Vet Sci Unit, Sch Anim Sci, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP La Peyre, MK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, US Geol Survey,Agr Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mlapey@lsu.edu FU Louisiana Sea Grant FX Louisiana Sea Grant funded this project. We thank Patrick Banks and Greg Laiche, at Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, for help with the oyster survey data. We thank D. Blouin, Louisiana State University Department of Experimental Statistics for assistance with the oyster data management and analyses. This manuscript benefited significantly from comments from Shaye Sable on an earlier version, and several anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 12 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 32 IS 3 BP 519 EP 530 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-15-00146.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA DL7MF UT WOS:000375824100006 ER PT J AU Carlson, T Barns, C Brownlie, D Cordell, K Dawson, C Koch, W Oye, G Ryan, C AF Carlson, Tom Barns, Chris Brownlie, David Cordell, Ken Dawson, Chad Koch, William Oye, Garry Ryan, Chris TI An Overview of America's National Wilderness Preservation System SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 [Carlson, Tom] US Forest Serv, Arthur Carhart Natl Wilderness Training Ctr, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. [Barns, Chris] Bur Land Management, Arthur Carhart Natl Wilderness Training Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Brownlie, David] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Monomoy Natl Wildlife Refuge, Washington, DC USA. [Cordell, Ken] US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. [Dawson, Chad] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY USA. [Koch, William] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Swamp Natl Wildlife Refuge, New York, NY USA. [Oye, Garry] Natl Pk Serv, Wilderness Stewardship & Recreat Management, New York, NY USA. [Ryan, Chris] US Forest Serv, Wilderness Rivers & Outfitters, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. RP Carlson, T (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Arthur Carhart Natl Wilderness Training Ctr, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. EM sws.tom@gmail.com NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 114 IS 3 BP 289 EP 291 DI 10.5849/jof.15-064 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DM3BJ UT WOS:000376221500005 ER PT J AU Cordell, K Barns, C Brownlie, D Carlson, T Dawson, C Koch, W Oye, G Ryan, C AF Cordell, Ken Barns, Chris Brownlie, David Carlson, Tom Dawson, Chad Koch, William Oye, Garry Ryan, Chris TI Wilderness Stewardship in America Today and What We Can Do to Improve It SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cordell, Ken] US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Inst Wilderness Res, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. [Barns, Chris] Arthur Carhart Natl Wilderness Training Ctr, Bur Land Management, New York, NY USA. [Carlson, Tom] US Forest Serv, Arthur Carhart Natl Wilderness Training Ctr, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. [Dawson, Chad] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY USA. [Koch, William] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Swamp Natl Wildlife Refuge, New York, NY USA. [Oye, Garry] Natl Pk Serv, New York, NY USA. [Ryan, Chris] US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. RP Cordell, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Inst Wilderness Res, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. EM kencordell@gmail.com NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 114 IS 3 BP 292 EP 297 DI 10.5849/jof.15-067 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DM3BJ UT WOS:000376221500006 ER PT J AU Marion, JL AF Marion, Jeffrey L. TI A Review and Synthesis of Recreation Ecology Research Supporting Carrying Capacity and Visitor Use Management Decisionmaking SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Review DE recreation ecology; carrying capacity; visitor impact management; management efficacy; wilderness; visitor use management ID NO TRACE PRACTICES; NATIONAL-PARK; WALKING TRACK; WILDERNESS CAMPSITES; PROTECTED AREAS; INFORMAL TRAILS; VEGETATION; IMPACTS; RECOVERY; BEHAVIOR AB Resource and experiential impacts associated with visitation to wilderness and other similar backcountry settings have long been addressed by land managers under the context of "carrying capacity" decisionmaking. Determining a maximum level of allowable use, below which high-quality resource and experiential conditions would be sustained, was an early focus in the 1960s and 1970s. However, decades of recreation ecology research have shown that the severity and areal extent of visitor impact problems are influenced by an interrelated array of use-related, environmental, and managerial factors. This complexity, with similar findings from social science research, prompted scientists and managers to develop more comprehensive carrying capacity frameworks, including a new Visitor Use Management framework. These frameworks rely on a diverse array of management strategies and actions, often termed a "management toolbox," for resolving visitor impact problems. This article reviews the most recent and relevant recreation ecology studies that have been applied in wildland settings to avoid or minimize resource impacts. The key findings and their management implications are highlighted to support the professional management of common trail, recreation site, and wildlife impact problems. These studies illustrate the need to select from a more diverse array of impact management strategies and actions based on an evaluation of problems to identify the most influential factors that can be manipulated. C1 [Marion, Jeffrey L.] Virginia Tech, US Geol Survey, Field Stn, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Marion, JL (reprint author), Virginia Tech, US Geol Survey, Field Stn, Blacksburg, VA USA. EM jmarion@vt.edu NR 116 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 15 U2 23 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 114 IS 3 BP 339 EP 351 DI 10.5849/jof.15-062 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DM3BJ UT WOS:000376221500012 ER PT J AU Marion, JL Leung, YF Eagleston, H Burroughs, K AF Marion, Jeffrey L. Leung, Yu-Fai Eagleston, Holly Burroughs, Kaitlin TI A Review and Synthesis of Recreation Ecology Research Findings on Visitor Impacts to Wilderness and Protected Natural Areas SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Review DE recreation ecology; visitor impacts; wilderness recreation ID YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; NONNATIVE PLANT INVASIONS; COLIFORM BACTERIA; TRAIL CONDITIONS; WESTERN MONTANA; WATER-QUALITY; USA; VEGETATION; WILDLIFE; SOIL AB The 50th anniversary of the US Wilderness Act of 1964 presents a worthy opportunity to review our collective knowledge on how recreation visitation affects wilderness and protected natural area resources. Studies of recreation impacts, examined within the recreation ecology field of study, have spanned 80 years and generated more than 1,200 citations. This article examines the recreation ecology literature most relevant to wilderness and backcountry, with a focus on visitor impacts to vegetation, soil, wildlife, and water resources. We also review relationships with influential factors, such as the amount of use, visitor behavior, and vegetation type. An understanding of these impacts and their relationships with influential factors is necessary for land managers seeking to identify acceptable limits of impact or selecting management actions that will effectively avoid or minimize resource impacts. C1 [Marion, Jeffrey L.] US Geol Survey, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Leung, Yu-Fai; Burroughs, Kaitlin] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Eagleston, Holly] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Marion, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA.; Leung, YF; Burroughs, K (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.; Eagleston, H (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jmarion@vt.edu; leung@ncsu.edu; hollye1@vt.edu; kburrou@ncsu.edu NR 83 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 14 U2 17 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 114 IS 3 BP 352 EP 362 DI 10.5849/jof.15-498 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DM3BJ UT WOS:000376221500013 ER PT J AU Omernik, J Paulsen, S Griffith, G Weber, M AF Omernik, J. Paulsen, S. Griffith, G. Weber, M. TI Regional patterns of total nitrogen concentrations in the National Rivers and Streams Assessment SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE ecoregions; environmental sampling; nitrogen; nutrients; water quality; watersheds ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; REACTIVE NITROGEN; LAND; ECOREGIONS; WATERSHEDS; POULTRY AB Patterns of nitrogen (N) concentrations in streams sampled by the National Rivers and Streams Assessment (NRSA) were examined semiquantitatively to identify regional differences in stream N levels. The data were categorized and analyzed by watershed size classes to reveal patterns of the concentrations that are consistent with the spatial homogeneity in natural and anthropogenic characteristics associated with regional differences in N levels. Ecoregions and mapped information on human activities including agricultural practices were used to determine the resultant regions. Marked differences in N levels were found among the nine aggregations of ecoregions used to report the results of the NRSA. We identified distinct regional patterns of stream N concentrations within the reporting regions that are associated with the characteristics of specific Level III ecoregions, groups of Level III ecoregions, groups of Level IV ecoregions, certain geographic characteristics within ecoregions, and/or particular watershed size classes. We described each of these regions and illustrated their areal extent and median and range in N concentrations. Understanding the spatial variability of nutrient concentrations in flowing waters and the apparent contributions that human and nonhuman factors have on different sizes of streams and rivers is critical to the development of effective water quality assessment and management plans. This semi quantitative analysis is also intended to identify areas within which more detailed quantitative work can be conducted to determine specific regional factors associated with variations in stream N concentrations. C1 [Omernik, J.; Griffith, G.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR USA. [Paulsen, S.; Weber, M.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Omernik, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR USA. OI Weber, Marc/0000-0002-9742-4744 NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 14 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 71 IS 3 BP 167 EP 181 DI 10.2489/jswc.71.3.167 PG 15 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA DM3BC UT WOS:000376220800005 ER PT J AU Merten, GH Welch, HL Tomer, MD AF Merten, G. H. Welch, H. L. Tomer, M. D. TI Y Effects of hydrology, watershed size, and agricultural practices on sediment yields in two river basins in Iowa and Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE agriculture; annual sediment loads; scale effect; sediment yield; soil management practices ID EFFECTS ASSESSMENT PROJECT; ESTIMATING SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; CONSERVATION PRACTICES; METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DELIVERY PROBLEM; SOUTHERN BRAZIL; TRACE-ELEMENT; RATING CURVES; UNITED-STATES AB The specific sediment yield (SSY) from watersheds is the result of the balance between natural, scale-dependent erosion and deposition processes, but can be greatly altered by human activities. In general, the SSY decreases along the course of a river as sediments are trapped in alluvial plains and other sinks. However, this relation between SSY and basin area can actually be an increasing one when there is a predominance of channel erosion relative to hillslope erosion. The US Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a study of suspended sediment in the Iowa River basin (IRB), Iowa, and the Yazoo River basin (YRB), Mississippi, from 2006 through 2008. Within each river basin, the SSY from four largely agricultural watersheds of various sizes (2.3 to 35,000 km(2) [0.9 to 13,513 mi(2)]) was investigated. In the smallest watersheds,YRB sites had greater SSY compared to IRB sites due to higher rain erosivity, more erodible soils, more overland flow, and fluvial geomorphological differences. Watersheds in the YRB showed a steady decrease in SSY with increasing drainage basin area, whereas in the IRB, the maximum SSY occurred at the 30 to 500 km(2) (11.6 to 193 mi(2)) scale. Subsurface tile drainage and limits to channel downcutting restrict the upstream migration of sediment sources in the IRB. Nevertheless, by comparing the SSY-basin size scaling relationships with estimated rates of field erosion under conservation and conventional tillage treatments reported in previous literature, we show evidence that the SSY-basin size relationship in both the IRB and YRB remain impacted by historical erosion rates that occurred prior to conservation efforts. C1 [Merten, G. H.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Welch, H. L.] US Geol Survey, Lower Mississippi Gulf Water Sci Ctr, Jackson, MS USA. [Tomer, M. D.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. RP Merten, GH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 71 IS 3 BP 267 EP 278 DI 10.2489/jswc.71.3.267 PG 12 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA DM3BC UT WOS:000376220800012 ER PT J AU Hackley, PC SanFilipo, JR AF Hackley, Paul C. SanFilipo, John R. TI Organic petrology and geochemistry of Eocene Suzak bituminous marl, north-central Afghanistan: Depositional environment and source rock potential SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Afghanistan oil shale; Source rock; Biomarkers; Thermal maturity; Organic petrology; Organic geochemistry ID KIMMERIDGE CLAY FORMATION; BLACK-SEA; SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; CRUDE OILS; NATURAL SULFURIZATION; MOLECULAR INDICATORS; BIOMARKERS; BASIN; SEDIMENTS; MARINE AB Organic geochemistry and petrology of Eocene Suzak bituminous marl outcrop samples from Madr village in north-central Afghanistan were characterized via an integrated analytical approach to evaluate depositional environment and source rock potential. Multiple proxies suggest the organic-rich (TOC similar to 6 wt.%) bituminous marls are 'immature' for oil generation (e.g., vitrinite R-o < 0.4%, T-max < 425 degrees C, PI <= 0.05, C-29 alpha alpha alpha S/S + R <= 0.12, C-29 beta beta S/beta beta S+alpha alpha R <= 0.10, others), yet oil seeps are present at outcrop and live oil and abundant solid bitumen were observed via optical microscopy. Whole rock sulfur content is similar to 23 wt.% whereas sulfur content is similar to 5.0-5.6 wt.% in whole rock extracts with high polar components, consistent with extraction from S-rich Type Its organic matter which could generate hydrocarbons at low thermal maturity. Low Fe-sulfide mineral abundance and comparison of Pr/Ph ratios between saturate and whole extracts suggest limited Fe concentration resulted in sulfurization of organic matter during early diagenesis. From these observations, we infer that a Type Its kerogen in 'immature' bituminous marl at Madr could be generating high sulfur viscous oil which is seeping from outcrop. However, oil-seep samples were not collected for correlation studies. Aluminum-normalized trace element concentrations indicate enrichment of redox sensitive trace elements Mo, U and V and suggest anoxic-euxinic conditions during sediment deposition. The bulk of organic matter observed via optical microscopy is strongly fluorescent amorphous bituminite grading to lamalginite, possibly representing microbial mat facies. Short chain n-alkanes peak at C-14-C-16 (n-C-17/n-C-29 > 1) indicating organic input from marine algae and/or bacterial biomass, and sterane/hopane ratios are low (0.12-0.14). Monoaromatic steroids are dominated by C-28 clearly indicating a marine setting. High gammacerane index values (similar to 0.9) are consistent with anoxia stratification and may indicate intermittent saline-hypersaline conditions. Stable C isotope ratios also suggest a marine depositional scenario for the Suzak samples, consistent with the presence of marine foraminifera including abundant planktic globigerinida(?) and rare benthic discocyclina(?) and nummulites(?). Biomarker 2 alpha-methylhopane for photosynthetic cyanobacteria implies shallow photic zone deposition of Madr marls and 3 beta-methylhopane indicates presence of methanotrophic archaea in the microbial consortium. The data presented herein are consistent with deposition of Suzak bituminous marls in shallow stratified waters of a restricted marine basin associated with the southeastern incipient or proto-Paratethys. Geochemical proxies from Suzak rock extracts (S content, high polar content, C isotopes, normal (alpha alpha alpha R) C27-29 steranes, and C-29/C-30 and C-26/C-25 hopane ratios) are similar to extant data from Paleogene oils produced to the north in the Afghan-Tajik Basin. This observation may indicate laterally equivalent strata are effective source rocks as suggested by previous workers; however, further work is needed to strengthen oil-source correlations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hackley, Paul C.; SanFilipo, John R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS956, 12207 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Hackley, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS956, 12207 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM phackley@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program; Departments of State and Interior; U.S. Embassy in Kabul; U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) FX Comments from journal editor Barry Katz and technical reviews by Palma Jarboe (USGS) and journal reviewers Michael Hsieh and David Curry improved this paper. Frank Dulong (USGS) provided XRD analyses. Vicky Rocha (Weatherford Laboratories) coordinated geochemical analyses. Scott Wagner (Wagner Petrographic) prepared thin sections. Harvey Belkin (USGS) helped with SEM/EDX analyses. Steve Suitt (USGS) helped with preparation of Fig. 1. Philip Davis (USGS) helped with sampling and Anya Bogdanow (USGS) assisted in translations from the German. Sincere appreciation is expressed for Maj. Kendall Peacock, Patrol Commander and the soldiers of NZPRT S2 ISAF forces for providing logistics and force protection for SanFilipo and Davis in the field. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program and completed in coordination with other U.S. government organizations including the Departments of State and Interior, the U.S. Embassy in Kabul, and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 80 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 EI 1873-4073 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 73 BP 572 EP 589 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.02.029 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DM2XR UT WOS:000376211900036 ER PT J AU Jackson, JC Horton, JW Chou, IM Belkin, HE AF Jackson, John C. Horton, J. Wright, Jr. Chou, I-Ming Belkin, Harvey E. TI Coesite in suevites from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHOCK METAMORPHISM; VREDEFORT DOME; SOUTH-AFRICA; CRYSTALLINE ROCKS; SILICA POLYMORPH; VITREOUS SILICA; METEOR CRATER; QUARTZ; STISHOVITE; RAMAN AB The occurrence of coesite in suevites from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure is confirmed within a variety of textural domains insitu by Raman spectroscopy for the first time and in mechanically separated grains by X-ray diffraction. Microtextures of coesite identified insitu investigated under transmitted light and by scanning electron microscope reveal coesite as micrometer-sized grains (1-3 mu m) within amorphous silica of impact-melt clasts and as submicrometer-sized grains and polycrystalline aggregates within shocked quartz grains. Coesite-bearing quartz grains are present both idiomorphically with original grain margins intact and as highly strained grains that underwent shock-produced plastic deformation. Coesite commonly occurs in plastically deformed quartz grains within domains that appear brown (toasted) in transmitted light and rarely within quartz of spheroidal texture. The coesite likely developed by a mechanism of solid-state transformation from precursor quartz. Raman spectroscopy also showed a series of unidentified peaks associated with shocked quartz grains that likely represent unidentified silica phases, possibly including a moganite-like phase that has not previously been associated with coesite. C1 [Jackson, John C.; Horton, J. Wright, Jr.; Belkin, Harvey E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Chou, I-Ming] Sanya Inst Deep Sea Sci & Engn, Sanya, Peoples R China. RP Jackson, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jjackson@usgs.gov OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 51 IS 5 BP 946 EP 965 DI 10.1111/maps.12638 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DL9DB UT WOS:000375940600008 ER PT J AU Ault, T Van Gosen, B Krahn, S Croff, A AF Ault, Timothy Van Gosen, Bradley Krahn, Steven Croff, Allen TI Natural Thorium Resources and Recovery: Options and Impacts SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT GLOBAL 2013 International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2013 CL Salt Lake City, UT DE Thorium fuel cycle; thorium recovery; thorium resources ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; MONAZITE; DEPOSIT; ACID; MINERALIZATION; SEPARATION; EXPOSURE; GEOLOGY; LIQUOR AB This paper reviews the front end of the thorium fuel cycle, including the extent and variety of thorium deposits, the potential sources of thorium production, and the physical and chemical technologies required to isolate and pur thorium. Thorium is frequently found within rare earth element bearing minerals that exist in diverse types of mineral deposits, often in conjunction with other minerals mined for their commercial value. It may be possible to recover substantial quantities of thorium as a by-product from active titanium, uranium, tin, iron, and rare earth mines. Incremental physical and chemical processing is required to obtain a purified thorium product from thorium minerals, but documented experience with these processes is extensive, and incorporating thorium recovery should not be overly challenging. The anticipated environmental impacts of by-product thorium recovery are small relative to those of uranium recovery since existing mining infrastructure utilization avoids the opening and operation of new mines and thorium recovery removes radionuclides from the mining tailings. C1 [Ault, Timothy; Krahn, Steven; Croff, Allen] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2301 Vanderbilt Pl PMB 351831, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Van Gosen, Bradley] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ault, T (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2301 Vanderbilt Pl PMB 351831, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM timothy.m.ault@vanderbilt.edu OI Van Gosen, Bradley/0000-0003-4214-3811 NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 EI 1943-7471 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 194 IS 2 SI SI BP 136 EP 151 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA DM0RL UT WOS:000376053400003 ER PT J AU Rode, KD Stricker, CA Erlenbach, J Robbins, CT Cherry, SG Newsome, SD Cutting, A Jensen, S Stenhouse, G Brooks, M Hash, A Nicassio, N AF Rode, K. D. Stricker, C. A. Erlenbach, J. Robbins, C. T. Cherry, S. G. Newsome, S. D. Cutting, A. Jensen, S. Stenhouse, G. Brooks, M. Hash, A. Nicassio, N. TI Isotopic Incorporation and the Effects of Fasting and Dietary Lipid Content on Isotopic Discrimination in Large Carnivorous Mammals SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bears; brown bears; carbon; nitrogen; polar bears ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; POLAR BEARS; BROWN BEARS; GRIZZLY BEARS; BLACK BEARS; KILL RATES; DELTA-C-13 ANALYSIS; NUTRITIONAL STRESS; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; TROPHIC ECOLOGY AB There has been considerable emphasis on understanding isotopic discrimination for diet estimation in omnivores. However, discrimination may differ for carnivores, particularly species that consume lipid-rich diets. Here, we examined the potential implications of several factors when using stable isotopes to estimate the diets of bears, which can consume lipid-rich diets and, alternatively, fast for weeks to months. We conducted feeding trials with captive brown bears (Ursus arctos) and polar bears (Ursus maritimus). As dietary lipid content increased to similar to 90%, we observed increasing differences between blood plasma and diets that had not been lipid extracted (Delta C-13(tissue-bulk diet)) and slightly decreasing differences between plasma delta C-13 and lipid-extracted diet. Plasma Delta N-15(tissue-bulk diet) increased with increasing protein content for the four polar bears in this study and data for other mammals from previous studies that were fed purely carnivorous diets. Four adult and four yearling brown bears that fasted 120 d had plasma delta N-15 values that changed by <+/- 2 parts per thousand. Fasting bears exhibited no trend in plasma delta C-13. Isotopic incorporation in red blood cells and whole blood was >= 6 mo in subadult and adult bears, which is considerably longer than previously measured in younger and smaller black bears (Ursus americanus). Our results suggest that short-term fasting in carnivores has minimal effects on delta C-13 and delta N-15 discrimination between predators and their prey but that dietary lipid content is an important factor directly affecting delta C-13 discrimination and indirectly affecting delta N-15 discrimination via the inverse relationship with dietary protein content. C1 [Rode, K. D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Stricker, C. A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Bldg 95,MS963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Erlenbach, J.; Robbins, C. T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Erlenbach, J.; Robbins, C. T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Cherry, S. G.] Pk Canada, Waskesiu Lake, SK S0J 2Y0, Canada. [Newsome, S. D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, 167 Castetter Hall,MSC03 2020,1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cutting, A.; Brooks, M.; Hash, A.; Nicassio, N.] Oregon Zoo, 4001 SW Canyon Rd, Portland, OR 97221 USA. [Jensen, S.] Alaska Zoo, 4731 OMalley Rd, Anchorage, AK 99507 USA. [Stenhouse, G.] Foothills Res Inst, Grizzly Bear Program, Hinton, AB T7V 1X6, Canada. RP Rode, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM krode@usgs.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service polar bear program; US Geological Survey Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative; many partners of the Foothills Research Institute Grizzly Bear Program; Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee; US Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center; Alaska and Oregon Zoos; Alberta Innovates-Biosolutions FX This study was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service polar bear program, the US Geological Survey Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative, and in-kind support from the Alaska and Oregon Zoos. Funding support for some brown bear components of this project was provided by Alberta Innovates-Biosolutions, the many partners of the Foothills Research Institute Grizzly Bear Program, the Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee, and the US Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center. We thank Cayce Gulbransen (USGS) for conducting the stable isotope analyses and Merav Ben-David, Todd Atwood, and several anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on manuscript drafts. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does notimply endorsement by the US government. This article was reviewed and approved by USGS under its Fundamental Science Practices policy (http://www.usgs.gov/fsp). NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 31 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1522-2152 EI 1537-5293 J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool. PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 89 IS 3 BP 182 EP 197 DI 10.1086/686490 PG 16 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA DL8YO UT WOS:000375928300002 PM 27153128 ER PT J AU Webber, QMR Brigham, RM Park, AD Gillam, EH O'Shea, TJ Willis, CKR AF Webber, Quinn M. R. Brigham, R. Mark Park, Andrew D. Gillam, Erin H. O'Shea, Thomas J. Willis, Craig K. R. TI Social network characteristics and predicted pathogen transmission in summer colonies of female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coloniality; Fission-fusion; Network analysis; Susceptible-infected model; Seasonal aggregation ID FISSION-FUSION DYNAMICS; ROOST SELECTION; ROCK CREVICES; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; MYOTIS-BECHSTEINII; POPULATION BIOLOGY; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; GROUP-SIZE; HOST; THERMOREGULATION AB Host behavior can affect host-pathogen dynamics, and sociality is predicted to increase risk of pathogen exposure. Many species minimize costs of parasitism by only aggregating seasonally, such as during reproductive periods, but colonial species may still be limited in their potential to evade pathogens. Bats are among the most gregarious mammals and females of many temperate species form maternity colonies in summer where they communally raise pups in both natural and anthropogenic roost structures. Social network structure may differ between natural and anthropogenic roosts in ways that affect pathogen dynamics. We used social network analysis to quantify interactions of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in a tree-roosting colony, where the colony is divided among multiple trees each day, and a building colony, where most of the colony roosts together each day. We simulated transmission of a pathogen throughout both sets of networks. We tested three hypotheses: (1) network metrics differ between pregnancy and lactation; (2) changing network structure between reproductive stages influences predicted pathogen dynamics; and (3) network metrics and predicted pathogen dynamics differ between colonies of bats in trees versus buildings. Network structure was weaker for bats roosting in trees during pregnancy and lactation compared to bats roosting in a building, and our models showed that a hypothetical pathogen would spread more rapidly for bats in the building colony. Our results are important for understanding variation in social tendencies and pathogen transmission among colonies of bats and have implications for conservation and public health. Host behavior, particularly social behavior, can affect dynamics of wildlife pathogens. Bats are highly social mammals and females of temperate species form colonies in spring and early summer in tree or building roosts. Thermal characteristics of trees and buildings appear to differ in ways that affect roosting behavior and social interactions. We used social network analyses to quantify interactions of big brown bats in tree and building roosts and simulated consequences for pathogen dynamics. Network structure was weaker for bats roosting in trees with more frequent roost switching and relatively diffuse contacts across the network. Our models showed that a hypothetical pathogen could spread up to four times faster in a building colony compared to a colony of bats roosting in trees. Our results are important for understanding how sociality can influence pathogen dynamics in bats and have implications for conservation and public health. C1 [Webber, Quinn M. R.; Park, Andrew D.; Willis, Craig K. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Biol, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Webber, Quinn M. R.; Park, Andrew D.; Willis, Craig K. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Ctr Forest Interdisciplinary Res, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Brigham, R. Mark] Univ Regina, Dept Biol, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Gillam, Erin H.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [O'Shea, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, POB 65, Glen Haven, CO 80532 USA. RP Webber, QMR (reprint author), Univ Winnipeg, Dept Biol, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada.; Webber, QMR (reprint author), Univ Winnipeg, Ctr Forest Interdisciplinary Res, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. EM webber.quinn@gmail.com RI Brigham, R Mark/E-6825-2010 OI Brigham, R Mark/0000-0001-6765-4250 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC, Canada); Manitoba Graduate Scholarship; NSERC; National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program [0094959] FX We are grateful to Julie Adams, Ryan Fisher, Quinn Fletcher, Amanda Karst, Kristen Kolar, Seb Martinez, Melissa Ranalli, Christine Voss, and Michael Yaremko for helping with fieldwork in the Cypress Hills. We thank all staff and volunteers who collected data in Fort Collins. We also thank Alex Silvis for help with social network analysis, Quinn Fletcher, Gerald Wilkinson, and two anonymous reviewers for outstanding suggestions on earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding was provided by a Discovery Grant to CKRW from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC, Canada), a Manitoba Graduate Scholarship to QMRW, a Discovery Grant to RMB from NSERC, and field portions of the Fort Collins study were funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program (#0094959). NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 EI 1432-0762 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 70 IS 5 BP 701 EP 712 DI 10.1007/s00265-016-2093-3 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DJ9WI UT WOS:000374563600006 ER PT J AU Yamaura, Y Kery, M Royle, JA AF Yamaura, Yuichi Kery, Marc Royle, J. Andrew TI Study of biological communities subject to imperfect detection: bias and precision of community N-mixture abundance models in small-sample situations SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE beta (beta) diversity; Count data; Data augmentation; False negative; Species richness ID SPECIES RICHNESS ESTIMATORS; OCCUPANCY MODELS; BETA-DIVERSITY; DESIGNING OCCUPANCY; REPLICATED COUNTS; BIODIVERSITY; LANDSCAPES; DETECTABILITY; INFERENCE; DYNAMICS AB Community N-mixture abundance models for replicated counts provide a powerful and novel framework for drawing inferences related to species abundance within communities subject to imperfect detection. To assess the performance of these models, and to compare them to related community occupancy models in situations with marginal information, we used simulation to examine the effects of mean abundance : 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5), detection probability : 0.1, 0.2, 0.5), and number of sampling sites (n (site) : 10, 20, 40) and visits (n (visit) : 2, 3, 4) on the bias and precision of species-level parameters (mean abundance and covariate effect) and a community-level parameter (species richness). Bias and imprecision of estimates decreased when any of the four variables , , n (site) , n (visit) ) increased. Detection probability was most important for the estimates of mean abundance, while was most influential for covariate effect and species richness estimates. For all parameters, increasing n (site) was more beneficial than increasing n (visit) . Minimal conditions for obtaining adequate performance of community abundance models were n (site) a parts per thousand yen 20, a parts per thousand yen 0.2, and a parts per thousand yen 0.5. At lower abundance, the performance of community abundance and community occupancy models as species richness estimators were comparable. We then used additive partitioning analysis to reveal that raw species counts can overestimate beta diversity both of species richness and the Shannon index, while community abundance models yielded better estimates. Community N-mixture abundance models thus have great potential for use with community ecology or conservation applications provided that replicated counts are available. C1 [Yamaura, Yuichi] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Kita Ku, Kita 9,Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608589, Japan. [Yamaura, Yuichi] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Dept Forest Vegetat, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058587, Japan. [Kery, Marc] Swiss Ornithol Inst, Seerose 1, CH-6204 Sempach, Lucerne, Switzerland. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Yamaura, Y (reprint author), Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Dept Forest Vegetat, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058587, Japan. EM yamaura@ffpri.affrc.go.jp RI Yamaura, Yuichi/A-3638-2012 OI Yamaura, Yuichi/0000-0001-9355-4413 FU KAKENHI from Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science [23780153, 26292074]; Swiss National Science Foundation [31_146125] FX Y. Yamaura was supported by a KAKENHI Grant in Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant Nos. 23780153 and 26292074). M. Kery was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. 31_146125). We are grateful to G. Guillera-Arroita for her helpful suggestions on our initial manuscript. Our manuscript was greatly improved by comments from M. Tingley, an anonymous reviewer and R. Russell. NR 90 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 15 U2 30 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 0912-3814 EI 1440-1703 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 31 IS 3 BP 289 EP 305 DI 10.1007/s11284-016-1340-4 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK1LH UT WOS:000374673300002 ER PT J AU Deacy, W Leacock, W Armstrong, JB Stanford, JA AF Deacy, William Leacock, William Armstrong, Jonathan B. Stanford, Jack A. TI Kodiak brown bears surf the salmon red wave: direct evidence from GPS collared individuals SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brown bear; foraging; GPS collar; grizzly bear; Kodiak; landscape; phenological tracking; portfolio effect; resource subsidy; resource wave; salmon; sockeye ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; POPULATION DIVERSITY; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SPRING MIGRATION; ALASKA; BIODIVERSITY; PREDATION; HABITAT; RIVER; SUSTAINABILITY AB A key constraint faced by consumers is achieving a positive energy balance in the face of temporal variation in foraging opportunities. Recent work has shown that spatial heterogeneity in resource phenology can buffer mobile consumers from this constraint by allowing them to track changes in resource availability across space. For example, salmon populations spawn asynchronously across watersheds, causing high-quality foraging opportunities to propagate across the landscape, prolonging the availability of salmon at the regional scale. However, we know little about how individual consumers integrate across phenological variation or the benefits they receive by doing so. Here, we present direct evidence that individual brown bears track spatial variation in salmon phenology. Data from 40 GPS collared brown bears show that bears visited multiple spawning sites in synchrony with the order of spawning phenology. The number of sites used was correlated with the number of days a bear exploited salmon, suggesting the phenological variation in the study area influenced bear access to salmon, a resource which strongly influences bear fitness. Fisheries managers attempting to maximize harvest while maintaining ecosystem function should strive to protect the population diversity that underlies the phenological variation used by wildlife consumers. C1 [Deacy, William; Stanford, Jack A.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Leacock, William] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1390 Buskin River Rd, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Armstrong, Jonathan B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Deacy, W (reprint author), Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. EM will.deacy@gmail.com FU Jessie M. Bierman Professorship; David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); USFWS FX W. Deacy and J. Stanford were supported by the Jessie M. Bierman Professorship, J. Armstrong was supported by the David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship, and W. Leacock was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Funding for fieldwork was provided by the USFWS Inventory and Monitoring and Refuge Programs. We appreciate the staff at the Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge and Flathead Lake Biological Station for their committed support and assistance. We thank Mat Sorum, Caroline Cheung, and volunteer field technicians Barbara Svoboda, Alex May, Bill Dunker, Tim Melham, Tyler Tran, Marie Jamison, Louisa Pless, Francesca Cannizzo, Isaac Kelsey, Mark Melham, Jane Murawski, Prescott Weldon, Shelby Flemming, Andy Orlando, and Kristina Hsu for assisting with data collection. We thank helicopter pilot Joe Fieldman and fixed-wing pilots Kurt Rees, Kevin Vanhatten, Kevin Fox, and Issac Beddingfield for their skilled flying during bear captures and aerial telemetry. Thanks also to Marie Kohler for her assistance in preparing and submitting this manuscript. Comments by Mark Hebblewhite, Kate Searle, and one anonymous reviewer improved this manuscript. This work is dedicated to the memory of Tip Leacock, who we miss dearly. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAY PY 2016 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1091 EP 1098 DI 10.1890/15-1060.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DL3XL UT WOS:000375566800001 PM 27349087 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JB Takimoto, G Schindler, DE Hayes, MM Kauffman, MJ AF Armstrong, Jonathan B. Takimoto, Gaku Schindler, Daniel E. Hayes, Matthew M. Kauffman, Matthew J. TI Resource waves: phenological diversity enhances foraging opportunities for mobile consumers SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem-based management; foraging; landscape heterogeneity; model; movement; phenological diversity; phenological tracking; resource wave; time-constraint; trophic interaction ID SPRING MIGRATION; PLANT PHENOLOGY; POPULATION DIVERSITY; PACIFIC SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; SERENGETI GRAZERS; SPAWNING BEHAVIOR; LARGE HERBIVORES; HERRING SPAWN AB Time can be a limiting constraint for consumers, particularly when resource phenology mediates foraging opportunity. Though a large body of research has explored how resource phenology influences trophic interactions, this work has focused on the topics of trophic mismatch or predator swamping, which typically occur over short periods, at small spatial extents or coarse resolutions. In contrast many consumers integrate across landscape heterogeneity in resource phenology, moving to track ephemeral food sources that propagate across space as resource waves. Here we provide a conceptual framework to advance the study of phenological diversity and resource waves. We define resource waves, review evidence of their importance in recent case studies, and demonstrate their broader ecological significance with a simulation model. We found that consumers ranging from fig wasps (Chalcidoidea) to grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) exploit resource waves, integrating across phenological diversity to make resource aggregates available for much longer than their component parts. In model simulations, phenological diversity was often more important to consumer energy gain than resource abundance per se. Current ecosystem-based management assumes that species abundance mediates the strength of trophic-interactions. Our results challenge this assumption and highlight new opportunities for conservation and management. Resource waves are an emergent property of consumer-resource interactions and are broadly significant in ecology and conservation. C1 [Armstrong, Jonathan B.; Hayes, Matthew M.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1000 East Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Takimoto, Gaku] Toho Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 2748510, Japan. [Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew J.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Armstrong, Jonathan B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Armstrong, JB (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1000 East Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.; Armstrong, JB (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jonathan.armstrong@oregonstate.edu FU David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship; National Science Foundation FX Funding for this project was provided by the David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship (for J. Armstrong) and the National Science Foundation (for D. Schindler). H. Sawyer provided data and support for Fig. 2. D. Esler and E. Lok provided data and guidance for the silver wave section of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 95 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 18 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAY PY 2016 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1099 EP 1112 DI 10.1890/15-0554.1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DL3XL UT WOS:000375566800002 PM 27349088 ER PT J AU Groff, SC Loftin, CS Drummond, F Bushmann, S McGill, B AF Groff, Shannon C. Loftin, Cynthia S. Drummond, Frank Bushmann, Sara McGill, Brian TI Parameterization of the InVEST Crop Pollination Model to spatially predict abundance of wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) native bee pollinators in Maine, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Bee community; Prediction; Model; Maine; Blueberry; Landscape; Expert ID EXPERT OPINION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; ECOSYSTEM-SERVICES; LANDSCAPE; HYMENOPTERA; AGROECOSYSTEMS; OPTIMIZATION; CONSERVATION; APOIDEA; SCALE AB Non-native honeybees historically have been managed for crop pollination, however, recent population declines draw attention to pollination services provided by native bees. We applied the InVEST Crop Pollination model, developed to predict native bee abundance from habitat resources, in Maine's wild blueberry crop landscape. We evaluated model performance with parameters informed by four approaches: 1) expert opinion; 2) sensitivity analysis.; 3) sensitivity analysis informed model optimization; and, 4) simulated annealing (uninformed) model optimization. Uninformed optimization improved model performance by 29% compared to expert opinion-informed model, while sensitivity-analysis informed optimization improved model performance by 54%. This suggests that expert opinion may not result in the best parameter values for the InVEST model. The proportion of deciduous/mixed forest within 2000 m of a blueberry field also reliably predicted native bee abundance in blueberry fields, however, the InVEST model provides an efficient tool to estimate bee abundance beyond the field perimeter. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Groff, Shannon C.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Loftin, Cynthia S.] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Drummond, Frank; Bushmann, Sara; McGill, Brian] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, 5751 Murray Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Groff, SC (reprint author), Southern Environm Law Ctr, 601 West Rosemary St,Suite 220, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. EM scgroff@gmail.com; cynthia.loftin@maine.edu; Frank_Drummond@umit.maine.edu; sara.bushmann@maine.edu; brian.mcgill@maine.edu RI McGill, Brian/A-3476-2008 OI McGill, Brian/0000-0002-0850-1913 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture - Specialty Crops Research Initiative, U.S. Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research [2011-51181-30673]; University of Maine Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology; MAFES project [ME0-21505] FX Financial support for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture - Specialty Crops Research Initiative Contract/Grant/Agreement No. 2011-51181-30673, U.S. Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research, and the University of Maine Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology. The expert opinion survey was approved by the University of Maine Institutional Review Board, Application #2013-0506. The manuscript was improved with a review provided by E. Nelson and three anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station publication no.3460. This research was funded by MAFES project ME0-21505. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 17 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 79 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.01.003 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK0KP UT WOS:000374602000001 ER PT J AU Hladik, ML Hubbard, LE Kolpin, DW Focazion, MJ AF Hladik, Michelle L. Hubbard, Laura E. Kolpin, Dana W. Focazion, Michael J. TI Dairy-Impacted Wastewater Is a Source of Iodinated Disinfection Byproducts in the Environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; TOXICITY; GAS AB Iodinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are among the most toxic DBPs, but they are not typically measured in treated water. Iodinated DBPs can be toxic to humans, and they also have the potential to affect aquatic communities. Because of the specific use of iodine and iodine-containing compounds in dairies, such livestock operations can be a potential source of iodinated DBPs in corresponding receiving water bodies. DBPs [trihalomethanes (THMs), including iodinated THMs] were measured within dairy processing facilities (milking and cheese manufacturing) and surface waters that receive dairy-impacted effluents [either directly from the dairy or through wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)] in three areas of the United States (California, New York, and Wisconsin). Iodo-THMs comprised 15-29% of the total THMs in surface water near WWTP effluents that were impacted by dairy waste and 0-100% of the total THMs in samples from dairy processing facilities. C1 [Hladik, Michelle L.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Hubbard, Laura E.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, 400 South Clinton St, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. [Focazion, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Tox Subst Hydrol Program, Environm Hlth Mission Area, 412 Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Hladik, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM mhladik@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX The authors thank Matthew De Parsia, Brett Hayhurst, and James Orlando for helping with site selection and field sampling and Megan McWayne, Corey Sanders, and Sean Stout for their assistance in sample collection and processing. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2328-8930 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECH LET JI Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 3 IS 5 BP 190 EP 193 DI 10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00109 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DL7NO UT WOS:000375827600001 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM Battaglin, WA Iwanowicz, LR Clark, JM Journeyy, CA AF Bradley, Paul M. Battaglin, William A. Iwanowicz, Luke R. Clark, Jimmy M. Journeyy, Celeste A. TI AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION POTENTIAL OF ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS IN SURFACE-WATER SEDIMENT AT ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biodegradation; Endocrine-disrupting chemicals; Aerobic; Streams; Bed sediment ID ISOMER-SPECIFIC DEGRADATION; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; WASTE-WATER; BISPHENOL-A; IN-VITRO; 4-NONYLPHENOL ISOMERS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; STEROIDAL HORMONES; UNITED-STATES AB Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in surface water and bed sediment threaten the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems. In natural, remote, and protected surface-water environments where contaminant releases are sporadic, contaminant biodegradation is a fundamental driver of exposure concentration, timing, duration, and, thus, EDC ecological risk. Anthropogenic contaminants, including known and suspected EDCs, were detected in surface water and sediment collected from 2 streams and 2 lakes in Rocky Mountain National Park (Colorado, USA). The potential for aerobic EDC biodegradation was assessed in collected sediments using 6 C-14-radiolabeled model compounds. Aerobic microbial mineralization of natural (estrone and 17 beta-estradiol) and synthetic (17 alpha-ethinylestradiol) estrogen was significant at all sites. Bed sediment microbial communities in Rocky Mountain National Park also effectively degraded the xenoestrogens bisphenol-A and 4-nonylphenol. The same sediment samples exhibited little potential for aerobic biodegradation of triclocarban, however, illustrating the need to assess a wider range of contaminant compounds. The present study's results support recent concerns over the widespread environmental occurrence of carbanalide antibacterials, like triclocarban and triclosan, and suggest that backcountry use of products containing these compounds should be discouraged. Published 2015 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Bradley, Paul M.; Clark, Jimmy M.; Journeyy, Celeste A.] US Geol Survey, South Atlantic Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC USA. [Battaglin, William A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Iwanowicz, Luke R.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, South Atlantic Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC USA. EM pbradley@usgs.gov OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178; Journey, Celeste/0000-0002-2284-5851 FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; USGS-National Park Service Water Quality Partnership Program FX The USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the USGS-National Park Service Water Quality Partnership Program supported the present study. NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1087 EP 1096 DI 10.1002/etc.3266 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DJ9QH UT WOS:000374547500008 PM 26588039 ER PT J AU Cortes-Avizanda, A Blanco, G DeVault, TL Markandya, A Virani, MZ Brandt, J Donazar, JA AF Cortes-Avizanda, Ainara Blanco, Guillermo DeVault, Travis L. Markandya, Anil Virani, Munir Z. Brandt, Joseph Donazar, Jose A. TI Supplementary feeding and endangered avian scavengers: benefits, caveats, and controversies SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID VULTURE GYPAETUS-BARBATUS; SPANISH IMPERIAL EAGLE; FACULTATIVE SCAVENGERS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; SANITARY POLICIES; BEARDED VULTURES; BREEDING SUCCESS; ASIAN VULTURES; GYPS-FULVUS; CONSERVATION AB Large avian scavengers are among the most vulnerable vertebrates, and many of their populations have declined severely in recent decades. To help mitigate this marked reduction in abundance, supplementary feeding stations (SFS; colloquially termed "vulture restaurants") have been created worldwide, often without consideration of the scientific evidence supporting the suitability of the practice. SFS have been effective and important tools for conservation and reintroduction of avian scavengers. However, negative consequences can result from large aggregations of individual birds, disrupting intraguild processes and promoting density dependent decreases in productivity. At the community level, SFS favor the congregation of predators (ie facultative scavengers), increasing predation risk on small-and medium-sized vertebrates in the vicinity of the SFS. These feeding stations might also affect processes of natural selection and even render populations maladapted to their natural environments. We also examine future scenarios for avian scavengers in relation to ecosystem services, to changes in agro-grazing economies and in land uses, and ultimately to rewilding landscapes where SFS play a controversial role. C1 [Cortes-Avizanda, Ainara] Infraestruturas Portugal Biodivers Chair CIBIO In, Campus Agr Vairao, Vairao, Portugal. [Cortes-Avizanda, Ainara; Donazar, Jose A.] CSIC, Dept Conservat Biol, Estn Biol Donana, E-41080 Seville, Spain. [Blanco, Guillermo] CSIC, Dept Evolutionary Ecol, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Madrid, Spain. [DeVault, Travis L.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH USA. [Markandya, Anil] Basque Ctr Climate Change, Bilbao, Spain. [Virani, Munir Z.] Peregrine Fund, Boise, ID USA. [Virani, Munir Z.] Natl Museums Kenya, Ornithol Sect, Dept Zool, Nairobi, Kenya. [Brandt, Joseph] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Calif Condor Recovery Program, Hopper Mt Natl Wildlife Refuge, Ventura, CA USA. RP Cortes-Avizanda, A (reprint author), Infraestruturas Portugal Biodivers Chair CIBIO In, Campus Agr Vairao, Vairao, Portugal.; Cortes-Avizanda, A (reprint author), CSIC, Dept Conservat Biol, Estn Biol Donana, E-41080 Seville, Spain. EM cortesavizanda@gmail.com RI CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; Evolutionary Ecology, Ecologia Evolutiva/M-3553-2014; OI CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; CORTES-AVIZANDA, AINARA/0000-0002-9674-6434 FU [CGL2012-40013-C01]; [CGL2010-15726]; [RNM-1925]; [FCT-SFRH/BPD/91609/2012] FX This work was funded by the projects CGL2012-40013-C01, CGL2010-15726, and RNM-1925. ACA was supported by a postdoctoral grant FCT-SFRH/BPD/91609/2012. I Afan (LAST-EBD) and M de la Riva assisted with map and Figure 2 creation, respectively. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 14 IS 4 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1002/fee.1257 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DL5KP UT WOS:000375676200016 ER PT J AU Blanchong, JA Robinson, SJ Samuel, MD Foster, JT AF Blanchong, Julie A. Robinson, Stacie J. Samuel, Michael D. Foster, Jeffrey T. TI Application of genetics and genomics to wildlife epidemiology SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; genetics; genomics; pathogen; transmission; virulence; wildlife disease ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; WHITE-TAILED DEER; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; PARASITE-MEDIATED SELECTION; TASMANIAN DEVIL POPULATIONS; MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES AB Wildlife diseases can have significant impacts on wildlife conservation and management. Many of the pathogens that affect wildlife also have important implications for domestic animal and human health. However, management interventions to prevent or control wildlife disease are hampered by uncertainties about the complex interactions between pathogens and free-ranging wildlife. We often lack crucial knowledge about host ecology, pathogen characteristics, and host-pathogen dynamics. The purpose of this review is to familiarize wildlife biologists and managers with the application of genetic and genomic methodologies for investigating pathogen and host biology to better understand and manage wildlife diseases. The genesis of this review was a symposium at the 2013 annual Wildlife Society Conference. We reviewed the scientific literature and used our personal experiences to identify studies that illustrate the application of genetic and genomic methods to advance our understanding of wildlife epidemiology, focusing on recent research, new techniques, and innovative approaches. Using examples from a variety of pathogen types and a broad array of vertebrate taxa, we describe how genetics and genomics can provide tools to detect and characterize pathogens, uncover routes of disease transmission and spread, shed light on the ways that disease susceptibility is influenced by both host and pathogen attributes, and elucidate the impacts of disease on wildlife populations. Genetic and increasingly genomic methodologies will continue to contribute important insights into pathogen and host biology that will aid efforts to assess and mitigate the impacts of wildlife diseases on global health and conservation of biodiversity. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Blanchong, Julie A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Robinson, Stacie J.] NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 204 Russell Labs,1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Foster, Jeffrey T.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mol Cellular & Biomed Sci, 291 Rudman Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Blanchong, JA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM julieb@iastate.edu OI Foster, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8235-8564 NR 201 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 22 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 80 IS 4 BP 593 EP 608 DI 10.1002/jwmg.1064 PG 16 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DJ8TT UT WOS:000374486800002 ER PT J AU Ambrose, S Florian, C Ritchie, RJ Payer, D O'brien, RM AF Ambrose, Skip Florian, Chris Ritchie, Robert J. Payer, David O'brien, Robert M. TI Recovery of American peregrine falcons along the upper Yukon River, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; American peregrine falcon; breeding success; Falco peregrinus anatum; population recovery; reproduction ID BREEDING SUCCESS; EGGSHELL CHANGES; POPULATION; PESTICIDES; SELECTION; WEATHER; BIRDS; NEST AB American peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus anatum) throughout North America declined following the introduction of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in 1947. In the 1960s, intensive studies were initiated in many areas of North America, including interior Alaska, to determine the cause of the decline and assess population status. From 1977 to 2015, we studied peregrine falcons along a 265-km section of the upper Yukon River in east-central Alaska. We counted occupied territories, documented breeding success and productivity, and collected unhatched eggs for contaminant analysis. We observed 1,602 occupied territories and 2,349 nestlings. Annual breeding success averaged 64%, and annual productivity averaged 1.54 nestlings/territory and 2.38 nestlings/successful territory. Annual rates of increase in the number of occupied territories were greatest in the late 1970s and 1980s (8.6%), moderate in the 1990s (2.8%), and least in the 2000s (1.5%). Reproductive metrics were highest in the late 1970s and 1980s, declining in recent years. As the number of occupied territories increased (14-60) and average nearest neighbor distance decreased (from 9.8km to 2.6km), breeding success declined (from 71% in the 1980s to 57% in the 2000s). Productivity, as measured by nestlings per occupied territory, declined (from 1.84 in the 1980s to 1.29 in the 2000s). Nestlings per successful territory also declined from 2.56 in the 1980s to 2.25 in the 2000s. Survey data for 1966-2015 reveal a declining population in the 1960s and early 1970s, increasing in the late 1970s through the early 2000s, and apparently stabilizing in recent years. The recovery of this local population took roughly 40 years, from a low of 12 occupied territories in early 1970s to 60 in 2012-2014. Importantly, the recovery of American peregrine falcons in Alaska occurred without captive breeding, releases, or nest site manipulations. Long-term studies are essential in fully understanding the biology of any species, and this study provides insight into the unaided, natural recovery of American peregrine falcons in Alaska. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Ambrose, Skip; Florian, Chris; Payer, David] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 101 12th Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Ritchie, Robert J.] ABR Inc, POB 80410, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. [O'brien, Robert M.] Univ Oregon, HC 64 Box 2604, Castle Valley, UT 84532 USA. [Ambrose, Skip; Florian, Chris] Sandhill Co, HC 64 Box 2205, Castle Valley, UT 84532 USA. [Payer, David] Natl Pk Serv, 240 West 5th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Ambrose, S (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 101 12th Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.; Ambrose, S (reprint author), Sandhill Co, HC 64 Box 2205, Castle Valley, UT 84532 USA. EM skipambrose@frontiernet.net NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 80 IS 4 BP 609 EP 620 DI 10.1002/jwmg.1058 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DJ8TT UT WOS:000374486800003 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JF Harness, RE Gerber, BD Landon, MA Petersen, P Austin, DD Woodbridge, B Williams, GE Eccleston, D AF Dwyer, James F. Harness, Rick E. Gerber, Brian D. Landon, Melissa A. Petersen, Paul Austin, Daryl D. Woodbridge, Brian Williams, Gary E. Eccleston, Duncan TI Power pole density informs spatial prioritization for mitigating avian electrocution SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aquila chrysaetos; Colorado; electric utility; golden eagle; model; random forest; raptor electrocution; Wyoming ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; RAPTOR ELECTROCUTION; RANDOM FORESTS; POPULATION; PREDATION; HABITAT; UTILITY; RANGE; AREAS; BIRDS AB Raptor and corvid electrocutions cause continental conservation concerns for breeding, migrating, and wintering birds. Although concerns are widespread, mitigation is implemented primarily at local scales of individual electric utilities. By not considering landscape-scale patterns, conservation strategies may fail to focus mitigation where efforts are needed most. To enable resource managers to consider electrocution risk at larger scales, we developed a regional model of distribution power pole (pole) density in a grid of 1-km(2) cells throughout Colorado and Wyoming. To do so, we obtained data on pole locations from a sample of electric utilities covering 31% of Colorado and Wyoming, and developed a predictive model of poles throughout the remainder of the 2 states. Pole density was influenced by road lengths, number of oil and gas wells, slope, development, and land cover. Poles were densest in areas with high road lengths, high numbers of wells, and relatively flat terrain, and in areas developed for agriculture or human residences. When model predictions are viewed together with species-specific habitat maps, locations where high pole densities overlap habitat suggest areas where mitigating electrocution risk could be prioritized. Communication between resource managers and local utilities could then clarify the poles that caused the highest risk to raptors from electrocution. Thus, the model provides a framework for systematic spatial prioritization in support of regional conservation planning to minimize electrocution of raptors and corvids. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Dwyer, James F.; Harness, Rick E.; Landon, Melissa A.; Petersen, Paul; Austin, Daryl D.; Eccleston, Duncan] EDM Int, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Gerber, Brian D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Woodbridge, Brian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, Reg 6, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. [Williams, Gary E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, Reg 6, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Dwyer, JF (reprint author), EDM Int, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM jdwyer@edmlink.com FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; EDM International FX We are extraordinarily grateful to our friends in the electric industry who made this work possible, particularly S. Ligouri who provided a review that greatly improved the clarity of this report. We also thank A. Hernandez-Matias and an anonymous reviewer for comments improving this description of our work. We thank H. L. Bates for assistance with GIS, L. A. Nielsen for coordinating with utilities, and C. A. Riebe for editorial support. This project was funded by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and EDM International with guidance from G. C. Hazard, T. M. Lickfett, V. A. Steen, and J. D. Tack, whose comments also vastly improved this report. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 80 IS 4 BP 634 EP 642 DI 10.1002/jwmg.1048 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DJ8TT UT WOS:000374486800005 ER PT J AU Monroe, AP Edmunds, DR Aldridge, CL AF Monroe, Adrian P. Edmunds, David R. Aldridge, Cameron L. TI Effects of lek count protocols on greater sage-grouse population trend estimates SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; greater sage-grouse; lek attendance; monitoring; observation error; population trends; sampling theory; Wyoming ID NORTH-AMERICAN WATERFOWL; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; GRASSLAND BIRDS; BASICS RIGHT; ABUNDANCE; SCALE; PERSISTENCE; EXTINCTION; ATTENDANCE; SELECTION AB Annual counts of males displaying at lek sites are an important tool for monitoring greater sage-grouse populations (Centrocercus urophasianus), but seasonal and diurnal variation in lek attendance may increase variance and bias of trend analyses. Recommendations for protocols to reduce observation error have called for restricting lek counts to within 30minutes of sunrise, but this may limit the number of lek counts available for analysis, particularly from years before monitoring was widely standardized. Reducing the temporal window for conducting lek counts also may constrain the ability of agencies to monitor leks efficiently. We used lek count data collected across Wyoming during 1995-2014 to investigate the effect of lek counts conducted between 30minutes before and 30, 60, or 90minutes after sunrise on population trend estimates. We also evaluated trends across scales relevant to management, including statewide, within Working Group Areas and Core Areas, and for individual leks. To further evaluate accuracy and precision of trend estimates from lek count protocols, we used simulations based on a lek attendance model and compared simulated and estimated values of annual rate of change in population size () from scenarios of varying numbers of leks, lek count timing, and count frequency (counts/lek/year). We found that restricting analyses to counts conducted within 30minutes of sunrise generally did not improve precision of population trend estimates, although differences among timings increased as the number of leks and count frequency decreased. Lek attendance declined >30minutes after sunrise, but simulations indicated that including lek counts conducted up to 90minutes after sunrise can increase the number of leks monitored compared to trend estimates based on counts conducted within 30minutes of sunrise. This increase in leks monitored resulted in greater precision of estimates without reducing accuracy. Increasing count frequency also improved precision. These results suggest that the current distribution of count timings available in lek count databases such as that of Wyoming (conducted up to 90minutes after sunrise) can be used to estimate sage-grouse population trends without reducing precision or accuracy relative to trends from counts conducted within 30minutes of sunrise. However, only 10% of all Wyoming counts in our sample (1995-2014) were conducted 61-90minutes after sunrise, and further increasing this percentage may still bias trend estimates because of declining lek attendance. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Monroe, Adrian P.; Edmunds, David R.; Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Monroe, AP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM adrian.monroe@colostate.edu RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011; OI Monroe, Adrian/0000-0003-0934-8225 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative FX We are grateful to M. S. O'Donnell and T. J. Christiansen for their help with accessing the Wyoming lek count dataset. We also thank T. J. Christiansen, M. J. Holloran, an anonymous referee, and the associate editor for their helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. The U.S. Geological Survey and the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative provided support for this work. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 80 IS 4 BP 667 EP 678 DI 10.1002/jwmg.1050 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DJ8TT UT WOS:000374486800008 ER PT J AU Fleskes, JP Yee, JL Yarris, GS Loughman, DL AF Fleskes, Joseph P. Yee, Julie L. Yarris, Gregory S. Loughman, Daniel L. TI Increased body mass of ducks wintering in California's Central Valley SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American wigeon; Anas spp; body condition; California; ducks; green-winged teal; mallard; northern pintail; northern shoveler; wintering waterfowl ID MALLARDS ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; AMERICAN BLACK DUCKS; NORTHERN PINTAILS; SACRAMENTO-VALLEY; SURVIVAL; WEIGHT; WATERFOWL; HABITAT; COAST; RICE AB Waterfowl managers lack the information needed to fully evaluate the biological effects of their habitat conservation programs. We studied body condition of dabbling ducks shot by hunters at public hunting areas throughout the Central Valley of California during 2006-2008 compared with condition of ducks from 1979 to 1993. These time periods coincide with habitat increases due to Central Valley Joint Venture conservation programs and changing agricultural practices; we modeled to ascertain whether body condition differed among waterfowl during these periods. Three dataset comparisons indicate that dabbling duck body mass was greater in 2006-2008 than earlier years and the increase was greater in the Sacramento Valley and Suisun Marsh than in the San Joaquin Valley, differed among species (mallard [Anas platyrhynchos], northern pintail [Anas acuta], America wigeon [Anas americana], green-winged teal [Anas crecca], and northern shoveler [Anas clypeata]), and was greater in ducks harvested late in the season. Change in body mass also varied by age-sex cohort and month for all 5 species and by September-January rainfall for all except green-winged teal. The random effect of year nested in period, and sometimes interacting with other factors, improved models in many cases. Results indicate that improved habitat conditions in the Central Valley have resulted in increased winter body mass of dabbling ducks, especially those that feed primarily on seeds, and this increase was greater in regions where area of post-harvest flooding of rice and other crops, and wetland area, has increased. Conservation programs that continue to promote post-harvest flooding and other agricultural practices that benefit wintering waterfowl and continue to restore and conserve wetlands would likely help maintain body condition of wintering dabbling ducks in the Central Valley of California. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Fleskes, Joseph P.; Yee, Julie L.; Yarris, Gregory S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Loughman, Daniel L.] Calif Waterfowl Assoc, 1346 Blue Oaks Blvd, Roseville, CA 95678 USA. [Yarris, Gregory S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cent Valley Joint Venture, 2800 Cottage Way W-1916, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. [Loughman, Daniel L.] 1530 Rue Francais, Chico, CA 95973 USA. RP Fleskes, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM joe_fleskes@usgs.gov FU CVJV; California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW); U.S. Geological Survey; CDFW; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; CWA FX We thank hunters and check station personnel for their cooperation. M. R. Miller and M. R. McLandress provided original data for comparisons. S. Brueggeman, A. Atkinson, G. Gerstenberg, L. Wychoff, P. Graham, J. Beam, W. Cook, N. Overton, S. Allen, S. Miyamoto, E. King, G. Mensik, M. Wolder, M. Peters, M. Carpenter, M. Rakestraw, R. Pence, J. Laughlin, A. Perkins, R. Wright, C. Hildebrandt, D. Skalos, J. Kohl, N. Smith, C. Tierney, and P. Carter collected or facilitated collection of data. Funding was provided to U.S. Geological Survey by CVJV via an interagency agreement facilitated by R. Holbrook, R. Shaffer, and R. Ostroff of the CVJV and by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) via a contract with California Waterfowl Association (CWA) facilitated by D. Kwasny and J. Messerli. The U.S. Geological Survey, CDFW, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and CWA also donated salary costs and provided logistical support. Any use of trade, product, website, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 80 IS 4 BP 679 EP 690 DI 10.1002/jwmg.1053 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DJ8TT UT WOS:000374486800009 ER PT J AU Diller, LV Hamm, KA Early, DA Lamphear, DW Dugger, KM Yackulic, CB Schwarz, CJ Carlson, PC McDonald, TL AF Diller, Lowell V. Hamm, Keith A. Early, Desiree A. Lamphear, David W. Dugger, Katie M. Yackulic, Charles B. Schwarz, Carl J. Carlson, Peter C. McDonald, Trent L. TI Demographic response of northern spotted owls to barred owl removal SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE barred owl; competition; demography; northern spotted owl; removal experiment ID STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS-CAURINA; SITE OCCUPANCY DYNAMICS; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; REGIONAL CLIMATE; LOCAL WEATHER; HABITAT; FORESTS; OREGON; HYBRIDIZATION; REPRODUCTION AB Federally listed as threatened in 1990 primarily because of habitat loss, the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) has continued to decline despite conservation efforts resulting in forested habitat being reserved throughout its range. Recently, there is growing evidence the congeneric invasive barred owl (Strix varia) may be responsible for the continued decline primarily by excluding spotted owls from their preferred habitat. We used a long-term demographic study for spotted owls in coastal northern California as the basis for a pilot barred owl removal experiment. Our demography study used capture-recapture, reproductive output, and territory occupancy data collected from 1990 to 2013 to evaluate trends in vital rates and populations. We used a classic before-after-control-impact (BACI) experimental design to investigate the demographic response of northern spotted owls to the lethal removal of barred owls. According to the best 2-species dynamic occupancy model, there was no evidence of differences in barred or northern spotted owl occupancy prior to the initiation of the treatment (barred owl removal). After treatment, barred owl occupancy was lower in the treated relative to the untreated areas and spotted owl occupancy was higher relative to the untreated areas. Barred owl removal decreased spotted owl territory extinction rates but did not affect territory colonization rates. As a result, spotted owl occupancy increased in the treated area and continued to decline in the untreated areas. Prior to and after barred owl removal, there was no evidence that average fecundity differed on the 2 study areas. However, the greater number of occupied spotted owl sites on the treated areas resulted in greater productivity in the treated areas based on empirical counts of fledged young. Prior to removal, survival was declining at a rate of approximately 0.2% per year for treated and untreated areas. Following treatment, estimated survival was 0.859 for the treated areas and 0.822 for the untreated areas. Derived estimates of population change on both study areas showed the same general decline before removal with an estimated slope of -0.0036 per year. Following removal, the rate of population change on the treated areas increased to an average of 1.029 but decreased to an average of 0.870 on the untreated areas. The results from this first experiment demonstrated that lethal removal of barred owls allowed the recovery of northern spotted owl populations in the treated portions of our study area. If additional federally funded barred owl removal experiments provide similar results, this could be the foundation for development of a long-term conservation strategy for northern spotted owls. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Diller, Lowell V.; Hamm, Keith A.; Early, Desiree A.; Lamphear, David W.] Green Diamond Resource Co, Korbel, CA 95550 USA. [Dugger, Katie M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Yackulic, Charles B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Schwarz, Carl J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Carlson, Peter C.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [McDonald, Trent L.] Western EcoSyst Technol, Laramie, WY USA. RP Diller, LV (reprint author), Green Diamond Resource Co, Korbel, CA 95550 USA. EM ldillerconsulting@gmail.com FU Green Diamond Resource Company FX We thank J. P. Dumbacher, J. A. Thrailkill, R. P. Bosch, R. R. Bown, R. J. Gutierrez, and the USFWS Barred Owl Working Group provided encouragement and guidance in the development of this study. We thank A. B. Franklin and many others at the 2013 northern spotted owl meta-analysis workshop for comments and contribution to the analysis, and finally R. J. Davis for developing the covariates used in some of the analyses. We especially thank Green Diamond Resource Company for supporting the spotted owl demography study for over 2 decades and all the many dedicated field biologist who conducted the extensive surveys that made the study possible. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 23 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 80 IS 4 BP 691 EP 707 DI 10.1002/jwmg.1046 PG 17 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DJ8TT UT WOS:000374486800010 ER PT J AU Clark, DE DeStefano, S MacKenzie, KG Koenen, KKG Whitney, JJ AF Clark, Daniel E. DeStefano, Stephen MacKenzie, Kenneth G. Koenen, Kiana K. G. Whitney, Jillian J. TI Roost site selection by ring-billed and herring gulls SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE herring gull; Larus argentatus; Larus delawarensis; Massachusetts; ring-billed gull; roosting; selection ID FOOD; INFORMATION; REGRESSION; ABUNDANCE; BIRDS AB Gulls (Larus spp.) commonly roost in large numbers on inland and coastal waters, yet there is little information on how or where gulls choose sites for roosting. Roost site selection can lead to water quality degradation or aviation hazards when roosts are formed on water supply reservoirs or are close to airports. Harassment programs are frequently initiated to move or relocate roosting gulls but often have mixed results because gulls are reluctant to leave or keep returning. As such, knowledge of gull roost site selection and roosting ecology has applied and ecological importance. We used satellite telemetry and an information-theoretic approach to model seasonal roost selection of ring-billed (L. delawarensis) and herring gulls (L. argentatus) in Massachusetts, USA. Our results indicated that ring-billed gulls preferred freshwater roosts and will use a variety of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Herring gulls regularly roosted on fresh water but used salt water roosts more often than ring-billed gulls and also roosted on a variety of land habitats. Roost modeling showed that herring and ring-billed gulls selected inland fresh water roosts based on size of the water body and proximity to their last daytime location; they selected the largest roost closest to where they ended the day. Management strategies to reduce or eliminate roosting gulls could identify and try to eliminate other habitat variables (e.g., close-by foraging sites) that are attracting gulls before attempting to relocate or redistribute (e.g., through hazing programs) roosting birds. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Clark, Daniel E.; MacKenzie, Kenneth G.; Whitney, Jillian J.] Massachusetts Dept Conservat & Recreat, Div Water Supply Protect, 180 Beaman St, West Boylston, MA 01583 USA. [DeStefano, Stephen] Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Koenen, Kiana K. G.] Massachusetts Dept Conservat & Recreat, Div Water Supply Protect, 485 Ware Rd, Belchertown, MA 01003 USA. RP Clark, DE (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Conservat & Recreat, Div Water Supply Protect, 180 Beaman St, West Boylston, MA 01583 USA. EM dan.clark@state.ma.us FU Massachusetts Water Resources Authority FX D. W. Wattles and J. T. Finn assisted with data analyses, and J. C. Ellis provided comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. We thank S. Abbott, J. G. Anderson, A. W. Diamond, J.-F. Giroux, N. G. Perlut, G. H. Mittlehauser, R. Ronconi, D. Shutler, and D. V. Weseloh for their input on predictive variables to use for gull roost site modeling. We thank the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority for financial support. Mention of trade names does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 80 IS 4 BP 708 EP 719 DI 10.1002/jwmg.1066 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DJ8TT UT WOS:000374486800011 ER PT J AU Todd, BD Halstead, BJ Chiquoine, LP Peaden, JM Buhlmann, KA Tuberville, TD Nafus, MG AF Todd, Brian D. Halstead, Brian J. Chiquoine, Lindsay P. Peaden, J. Mark Buhlmann, Kurt A. Tuberville, Tracey D. Nafus, Melia G. TI Habitat selection by juvenile Mojave Desert tortoises SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE California; development; Gopherus agassizii; habitat selection; Mojave Desert; renewable energy; restoration; solar energy ID SOLAR-ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; SOUTH-CENTRAL ARIZONA; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; SONORAN DESERT; CONSERVATION; REGRESSION; IMPACTS; ECOLOGY; NEONATE; WATER AB Growing pressure to develop public lands for renewable energy production places several protected species at increased risk of habitat loss. One example is the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), a species often at the center of conflicts over public land development. For this species and others on public lands, a better understanding of their habitat needs can help minimize negative impacts and facilitate protection or restoration of habitat. We used radio-telemetry to track 46 neonate and juvenile tortoises in the Eastern Mojave Desert, California, USA, to quantify habitat at tortoise locations and paired random points to assess habitat selection. Tortoise locations near burrows were more likely to be under canopy cover and had greater coverage of perennial plants (especially creosote [Larrea tridentata]), more coverage by washes, a greater number of small-mammal burrows, and fewer white bursage (Ambrosia dumosa) than random points. Active tortoise locations away from burrows were closer to washes and perennial plants than were random points. Our results can help planners locate juvenile tortoises and avoid impacts to habitat critical for this life stage. Additionally, our results provide targets for habitat protection and restoration and suggest that diverse and abundant small-mammal populations and the availability of creosote bush are vital for juvenile desert tortoises in the Eastern Mojave Desert. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Todd, Brian D.; Chiquoine, Lindsay P.; Peaden, J. Mark] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Halstead, Brian J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Buhlmann, Kurt A.; Tuberville, Tracey D.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Nafus, Melia G.] San Diego Zoo Inst Conservat Res, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Rd, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. RP Todd, BD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM btodd@ucdavis.edu OI Nafus, Melia/0000-0002-7325-3055 FU California Energy Commission [500-10-020]; University of California, Davis; U.S. Department of the Interior-National Park Service [P08AC00193]; University of Georgia; U.S. Department of the Interior-Bureau of Land Management [L11AC20333]; U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project [CA-D-WFB-2097-H]; Department of Energy [DE-FC09-07SR22506]; National Science Foundation [DGE-1148897] FX T. C. Esque provided valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by California Energy Commission agreement 500-10-020 with University of California, Davis. Additional support was provided by U.S. Department of the Interior-National Park Service agreement P08AC00193 with University of Georgia and U.S. Department of the Interior-Bureau of Land Management agreement L11AC20333 to University of California, Davis. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project CA-D-WFB-2097-H. Manuscript preparation by T. D. Tuberville and K. A. Buhlmann was partially supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FC09-07SR22506 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation. Additional funding was provided to M. G. Nafus from the National Science Foundation (no. DGE-1148897). Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 80 IS 4 BP 720 EP 728 DI 10.1002/jwmg.1054 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DJ8TT UT WOS:000374486800012 ER PT J AU Graff, BJ Jenks, JA Stafford, JD Jensen, KC Grovenburg, TW AF Graff, Brianna J. Jenks, Jonathan A. Stafford, Joshua D. Jensen, Kent C. Grovenburg, Troy W. TI Assessing spring direct mortality to avifauna from wind energy facilities in the Dakotas SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bat; bird; carcass; collision; fatality; mortality; turbine; wildlife; wind energy ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; COLLISION MORTALITY; BAT FATALITIES; BIRD MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-DAKOTA; NEST SUCCESS; NORTH-DAKOTA; LAND-USE; CANADA AB The Northern Great Plains (NGP) contains much of the remaining temperate grasslands, an ecosystem that is one of the most converted and least protected in the world. Within the NGP, the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) provides important habitat for >50% of North America's breeding waterfowl and many species of shorebirds, waterbirds, and grassland songbirds. This region also has high wind energy potential, but the effects of wind energy developments on migratory and resident bird and bat populations in the NGP remains understudied. This is troubling considering >2,200 wind turbines are actively generating power in the region and numerous wind energy projects have been proposed for development in the future. Our objectives were to estimate avian and bat fatality rates for wind turbines situated in cropland- and grassland-dominated landscapes, document species at high risk to direct mortality, and assess the influence of habitat variables on waterfowl mortality at 2 wind farms in the NGP. From 10 March to 7 June 2013-2014, we completed 2,398 searches around turbines for carcasses at the Tatanka Wind Farm (TAWF) and the Edgeley-Kulm Wind Farm (EKWF) in South Dakota and North Dakota. During spring, we found 92 turbine-related mortalities comprising 33 species and documented a greater diversity of species (n=30) killed at TAWF (predominately grassland) than at EKWF (n=9; predominately agricultural fields). After accounting for detection rates, we estimated spring mortality of 1.86 (SE=0.22) deaths/megawatt (MW) at TAWF and 2.55 (SE=0.51) deaths/MW at EKWF. Waterfowl spring (Mar-Jun) fatality rates were 0.79 (SE=0.11) and 0.91 (SE=0.10) deaths/MW at TAWF and EKWF, respectively. Our results suggest that future wind facility siting decisions consider avoiding grassland habitats and locate turbines in pre-existing fragmented and converted habitat outside of high densities of breeding waterfowl and major migration corridors. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Graff, Brianna J.; Jenks, Jonathan A.; Jensen, Kent C.; Grovenburg, Troy W.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Stafford, Joshua D.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Grovenburg, TW (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM troy.grovenburg@sdstate.edu RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009 FU Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University (SDSU); United States Fish and Wildlife Service Mountain-Prairie Region through United States Geological Survey South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at SDSU FX We thank the Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University (SDSU) for their support and C. C. Swanson, M. A. Erickson, R. W. Klaver, J. T. Sholly, A. Halvorson, R. R. Zinter, and J. A. Hill for their assistance. We thank C. Ylijoki, E. S. Morata, T. Michels, R. D. Johnson, J. Lefever, G. A. Mooney, E. Hoskins, A. J. Kunkel, and B. J. Schmoke for assistance in the field, and the many landowners that allowed access to their land. We thank K. S. Smallwood for design assistance and C. R. Loesch, N. D. Niemuth, C. C. Swanson, J. A. Walker, and J. S. Gleason for reviewing earlier drafts of the manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Mountain-Prairie Region through the United States Geological Survey South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at SDSU. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 80 IS 4 BP 736 EP 745 DI 10.1002/jwmg.1051 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DJ8TT UT WOS:000374486800014 ER PT J AU Honeycutt, RK Lowe, WH Hossack, BR AF Honeycutt, R. Ken Lowe, Winsor H. Hossack, Blake R. TI Movement and survival of an amphibian in relation to sediment and culvert design SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE barriers; culverts; Dicamptodon; movement; sediment; spatial Cormack-Jolly-Seber; stream amphibians ID IDAHO GIANT SALAMANDER; ROAD CROSSINGS; DICAMPTODON-ATERRIMUS; STREAM FRAGMENTATION; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; MARKED ANIMALS; BROOK TROUT; POPULATION; BARRIERS; DENSITY AB Habitat disturbance from stream culverts can affect aquatic organisms by increasing sedimentation or forming barriers to movement. Land managers are replacing many culverts to reduce these negative effects, primarily for stream fishes. However, these management actions are likely to have broad implications for many organisms, including amphibians in small streams. To assess the effects of culverts on movement and survival of the Idaho giant salamander (Dicamptodon aterrimus), we used capture-mark-recapture surveys and measured sediment in streams with 2 culvert types (i.e., unimproved culverts, improved culverts) and in streams without culverts (i.e., reference streams). We predicted culverts would increase stream sediment levels, limit movement, and reduce survival of Idaho giant salamanders. We also determined the effect of sediment levels on survival of salamanders because although sediment is often associated with distribution and abundance of stream amphibians, links with vital rates remain unclear. To estimate survival, we used a spatial Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) model that explicitly incorporated information on movement, eliminating bias in apparent survival estimated from traditional (i.e., non-spatial) CJS models caused by permanent emigration beyond the study area. To demonstrate the importance of using spatial data in studies of wildlife populations, we compared estimates from the spatial CJS to estimates of apparent survival from a traditional CJS model. Although high levels of sediment reduced survival of salamanders, culvert type was unrelated to sediment levels or true survival of salamanders. Across all streams, we documented only 15 movement events between study reaches. All movement events were downstream, and they occurred disproportionately in 1 stream, which precluded measuring the effect of culvert design on movement. Although movement was low overall, the variance among streams was high enough to bias estimates of apparent survival compared to true survival. Our results suggest that where sedimentation occurs from roads and culverts, survival of the Idaho giant salamander could be reduced. Though culverts clearly do not completely block downstream movements of Idaho giant salamanders, the degree to which culvert improvements affect movements under roads in comparison to unimproved culverts remains unclear, especially for rare, but potentially important, upstream movements. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Honeycutt, R. Ken] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Lowe, Winsor H.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Honeycutt, RK (reprint author), Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM rkenhoneycutt@gmail.com FU USFS Aquatic Organism Passage program FX This project was made possible by field technicians (K. J. Van Atta, M. P. Capozzoli, N. E. Proffitt, and J. W. Wilkerson) and insight and review on project development from L. A. Eby and P. M. Lukacs. M. Schaub provided assistance with coding Bayesian models. K. A. Smith and many other USFS personnel provided logistical assistance. P. R. Krausman, J. C. Maerz, T. Chambert, and 4 anonymous reviewers provided helpful advice on this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Funding was provided by the USFS Aquatic Organism Passage program. This manuscript is USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative product no. 529. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 80 IS 4 BP 761 EP 770 DI 10.1002/jwmg.1056 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DJ8TT UT WOS:000374486800017 ER PT J AU Hansen, AM Kraus, TEC Pellerin, BA Fleck, JA Downing, BD Bergamaschi, BA AF Hansen, Angela M. Kraus, Tamara E. C. Pellerin, Brian A. Fleck, Jacob A. Downing, Bryan D. Bergamaschi, Brian A. TI Optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM): Effects of biological and photolytic degradation SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; DRINKING-WATER; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; NATURAL-WATERS; LIGNIN PHENOLS; MARINE AB Advances in spectroscopic techniques have led to an increase in the use of optical properties (absorbance and fluorescence) to assess dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition and infer sources and processing. However, little information is available to assess the impact of biological and photolytic processing on the optical properties of original DOM source materials. Over a 3.5 month laboratory study, we measured changes in commonly used optical properties and indices in DOM leached from peat soil, plants, and algae following biological and photochemical degradation to determine whether they provide unique signatures that can be linked to original DOM source. Changes in individual optical parameters varied by source material and process, with biodegradation and photodegradation often causing values to shift in opposite directions. Although values for different source materials frequently overlapped, multivariate statistical analyses showed that unique optical signatures could be linked to original DOM source material, with 17 optical properties determined by discriminant analysis to be significant (p < 0.05) in distinguishing between DOM source and environmental processing. These results demonstrate that inferring source material from optical properties is possible when parameters are evaluated in combination even after extensive biological and photochemical alteration. C1 [Hansen, Angela M.; Kraus, Tamara E. C.; Pellerin, Brian A.; Fleck, Jacob A.; Downing, Bryan D.; Bergamaschi, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Hansen, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM anhansen@usgs.gov OI Downing, Bryan/0000-0002-2007-5304; Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Kraus, Tamara/0000-0002-5187-8644 FU California Water Science Center Research Program; California Department of Water Resources FX We thank Elizabeth Stumpner and Laurel Moll for laboratory analyses and Travis von Dessonneck for support with data processing. We thank Aron Stubbins for his guidance in constructing a photosimulator. We also thank Matt Miller and two anonymous reviewers whose valuable comments and suggestions improved the quality of this manuscript. This work was funded by the California Water Science Center Research Program and the California Department of Water Resources. The use of brand names in this manuscript is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Geological Survey. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 18 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 61 IS 3 BP 1015 EP 1032 DI 10.1002/lno.10270 PG 18 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DL6KP UT WOS:000375748400015 ER PT J AU Achete, FM van der Wegen, M Roelvink, D Jaffe, B AF Achete, Fernanda Minikowski van der Wegen, Mick Roelvink, Dano Jaffe, Bruce TI Suspended sediment dynamics in a tidal channel network under peak river flow SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Numerical model; Cohesive sediment; Estuary; Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta; Sedimentation ID SAN-JOAQUIN DELTA; FRANCISCO BAY; ESTUARY; SACRAMENTO; ASYMMETRY; WATER; MASS; RESTORATION; BUDGETS; MODEL AB Peak river flows transport fine sediment, nutrients, and contaminants that may deposit in the estuary. This study explores the importance of peak river flows on sediment dynamics with special emphasis on channel network configurations. The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which is connected to San Francisco Bay (California, USA), motivates this study and is used as a validation case. Besides data analysis of observations, we applied a calibrated process-based model (D-Flow FM) to explore and analyze high-resolution (similar to 100 m, similar to 1 h) dynamics. Peak river flows supply the vast majority of sediment into the system. Data analysis of six peak flows (between 2012 and 2014) shows that on average, 40 % of the input sediment in the system is trapped and that trapping efficiency depends on timing and magnitude of river flows. The model has 90 % accuracy reproducing these trapping efficiencies. Modeled deposition patterns develop as the result of peak river flows after which, during low river flow conditions, tidal currents are not able to significantly redistribute deposited sediment. Deposition is quite local and mainly takes place at a deep junction. Tidal movement is important for sediment resuspension, but river induced, tide residual currents are responsible for redistributing the sediment towards the river banks and to the bay. We applied the same forcing for four different channel configurations ranging from a full delta network to a schematization of the main river. A higher degree of network schematization leads to higher peak-sediment export downstream to the bay. However, the area of sedimentation is similar for all the configurations because it is mostly driven by geometry and bathymetry. C1 [Achete, Fernanda Minikowski; van der Wegen, Mick; Roelvink, Dano] UNESCO IHE, POB 3015, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands. [Roelvink, Dano] Deltares, POB 177, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. [Roelvink, Dano] Delft Univ Technol, POB 5, NL-2600 AA Delft, Netherlands. [Jaffe, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Achete, FM (reprint author), UNESCO IHE, POB 3015, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands. EM f.achete@unesco-ihe.org RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; van der Wegen, Mick/C-6787-2009; OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; van der Wegen, Mick/0000-0002-5227-2679; Achete, Fernanda/0000-0001-8581-924X FU US Geological Survey CASCaDE climate change project (CASCaDE) [65]; US Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Studies; CALFED; CAPES FX The research is part of the US Geological Survey CASCaDE climate change project (CASCaDE contribution 65). The authors acknowledge the US Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Studies and CALFED for making this research financially possible. The data used in this work are freely available on the USGS website (http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov). This work is partially financed by CAPES. The model applied in this work will be freely available from http://www.d3d-baydelta.org/. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 66 IS 5 BP 703 EP 718 DI 10.1007/s10236-016-0944-0 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DK0CG UT WOS:000374579400007 ER PT J AU Bohu, T Akob, DM Abratis, M Lazar, CS Kusel, K AF Bohu, Tsing Akob, Denise M. Abratis, Michael Lazar, Cassandre S. Kuesel, Kirsten TI Biological Low-pH Mn(II) Oxidation in a Manganese Deposit Influenced by Metal-Rich Groundwater SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAL-MINE DRAINAGE; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA GB-1; FERROMANGANESE DEPOSITS; AURANTIMONAS-MANGANOXYDANS; MN(II)-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; LEPTOTHRIX-DISCOPHORA; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; MULTICOPPER OXIDASE; OXIDIZING BACTERIUM; TREATMENT SYSTEMS AB The mechanisms, key organisms, and geochemical significance of biological low-pH Mn(II) oxidation are largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the structure of indigenous Mn(II)-oxidizing microbial communities in a secondary subsurface Mn oxide deposit influenced by acidic (pH 4.8) metal-rich groundwater in a former uranium mining area. Microbial diversity was highest in the Mn deposit compared to the adjacent soil layers and included the majority of known Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) and two genera of known Mn(II)-oxidizing fungi (MOF). Electron X-ray microanalysis showed that romanechite [(Ba, H2O)(2)(Mn4+, Mn3+)(5)O-10] was conspicuously enriched in the deposit. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that certain fungal, bacterial, and archaeal groups were firmly associated with the autochthonous Mn oxides. Eight MOB within the Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes and one MOF strain belonging to Ascomycota were isolated at pH 5.5 or 7.2 from the acidic Mn deposit. Soil-groundwater microcosms demonstrated 2.5-fold-faster Mn(II) depletion in the Mn deposit than adjacent soil layers. No depletion was observed in the abiotic controls, suggesting that biological contribution is the main driver for Mn(II) oxidation at low pH. The composition and species specificity of the native low-pH Mn(II) oxidizers were highly adapted to in situ conditions, and these organisms may play a central role in the fundamental biogeochemical processes (e. g., metal natural attenuation) occurring in the acidic, oligotrophic, and metalliferous subsoil ecosystems. IMPORTANCE This study provides multiple lines of evidence to show that microbes are the main drivers of Mn(II) oxidation even at acidic pH, offering new insights into Mn biogeochemical cycling. A distinct, highly adapted microbial community inhabits acidic, oligotrophic Mn deposits and mediates biological Mn oxidation. These data highlight the importance of biological processes for Mn biogeochemical cycling and show the potential for new bioremediation strategies aimed at enhancing biological Mn oxidation in low-pH environments for contaminant mitigation. C1 [Bohu, Tsing; Lazar, Cassandre S.; Kuesel, Kirsten] Univ Jena, Inst Ecol, Aquat Geomicrobiol, Jena, Germany. [Akob, Denise M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Abratis, Michael] Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, Jena, Germany. [Kuesel, Kirsten] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany. RP Kusel, K (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Ecol, Aquat Geomicrobiol, Jena, Germany.; Kusel, K (reprint author), German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany. EM kirsten.kuesel@uni-jena.de FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [DFG GRK 1257] FX This work, including the efforts of Tsing Bohu and Kirsten Kusel, was funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (DFG GRK 1257). NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 31 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 82 IS 10 BP 3009 EP 3021 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA DK9EU UT WOS:000375234400014 PM 26969702 ER PT J AU Dodrill, MJ Yackulic, CB Kennedy, TA Hayes, JW AF Dodrill, Michael J. Yackulic, Charles B. Kennedy, Theodore A. Hayes, John W. TI Prey size and availability limits maximum size of rainbow trout in a large tailwater: insights from a drift-foraging bioenergetics model SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; LARGE REGULATED RIVER; ZEALAND MUD SNAILS; GLEN CANYON DAM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BROWN TROUT; COLORADO RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS AB The cold and clear water conditions present below many large dams create ideal conditions for the development of economically important salmonid fisheries. Many of these tailwater fisheries have experienced declines in the abundance and condition of large trout species, yet the causes of these declines remain uncertain. Here, we develop, assess, and apply a drift-foraging bioenergetics model to identify the factors limiting rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth in a large tailwater. We explored the relative importance of temperature, prey quantity, and prey size by constructing scenarios where these variables, both singly and in combination, were altered. Predicted growth matched empirical mass-at-age estimates, particularly for younger ages, demonstrating that the model accurately describes how current temperature and prey conditions interact to determine rainbow trout growth. Modeling scenarios that artificially inflated prey size and abundance demonstrate that rainbow trout growth is limited by the scarcity of large prey items and overall prey availability. For example, shifting 10% of the prey biomass to the 13 mm (large) length class, without increasing overall prey biomass, increased lifetime maximum mass of rainbow trout by 88%. Additionally, warmer temperatures resulted in lower predicted growth at current and lower levels of prey availability; however, growth was similar across all temperatures at higher levels of prey availability. Climate change will likely alter flow and temperature regimes in large rivers with corresponding changes to invertebrate prey resources used by fish. Broader application of drift-foraging bioenergetics models to build a mechanistic understanding of how changes to habitat conditions and prey resources affect growth of salmonids will benefit management of tailwater fisheries. C1 [Dodrill, Michael J.; Yackulic, Charles B.; Kennedy, Theodore A.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hayes, John W.] Cawthron Inst, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand. RP Dodrill, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM mdodrill@usgs.gov NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 9 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 73 IS 5 BP 759 EP 772 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0268 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DL1XG UT WOS:000375425900004 ER PT J AU Hershberger, PK Garver, KA Winton, JR AF Hershberger, Paul K. Garver, Kyle A. Winton, James R. TI Principles underlying the epizootiology of viral hemorrhagic septicemia in Pacific herring and other fishes throughout the North Pacific Ocean SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLUPEA-PALLASII VALENCIENNES; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; VIRUS GENOTYPE IVB; AMERICAN STRAIN; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PUGET-SOUND; ICHTHYOPHONUS-HOFERI; NECROSIS VIRUS; VHSV; WILD AB Although viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) typically occurs at low prevalence and intensity in natural populations of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) and other marine fishes in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, epizootics of the resulting disease (VHS) periodically occur, often in association with observed fish kills. Here we identify a list of principles, based on a combination of field studies, controlled laboratory experiments, and previously unpublished observations, that govern the epizootiology of VHS in Pacific herring. A thorough understanding of these principles provides the basis for identifying risk factors that predispose certain marine fish populations to VHS epizootics, including the lack of population resistance, presence of chronic viral carriers in a population, copious viral shedding by infected individuals, cool water temperatures, limited water circulation patterns, and gregarious host behavioral patterns. Further, these principles are used to define the epizootiological stages of the disease in Pacific herring, including the susceptible (where susceptible individuals predominate a school or subpopulation), enzootic (where infection prevalence and intensity are often below the limits of reasonable laboratory detection), disease amplification (where infection prevalence and intensity increase rapidly), outbreak (often accompanied by host mortalities with high virus loads and active shedding), recovery (in which the mortality rate and virus load decline owing to an active host immune response), and refractory stages (characterized by little or no susceptibility and where viral clearance occurs in most VHS survivors). In addition to providing a foundation for quantitatively assessing the potential risks of future VHS epizootics in Pacific herring, these principles provide insights into the epizootiology of VHS in other fish communities where susceptible species exist. C1 [Hershberger, Paul K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [Garver, Kyle A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Winton, James R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hershberger, PK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM phershberger@usgs.gov FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [12120111-K]; US Geological Survey - Fisheries Program, Ecosystems Mission Area FX Funding was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, project No. 12120111-K and the US Geological Survey - Fisheries Program, Ecosystems Mission Area. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Government of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 73 IS 5 BP 853 EP 859 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0417 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DL1XG UT WOS:000375425900013 ER PT J AU Riley, SC Dunlop, ES AF Riley, Stephen C. Dunlop, Erin S. TI Misapplied survey data and model uncertainty result in incorrect conclusions about the role of predation on alewife population dynamics in Lake Huron: a comment on He et al. (2015) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID BOTTOM-TRAWL SURVEYS; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE POPULATIONS; PELAGIC FISH COMMUNITY; FRESH-WATER ALEWIVES; LONG-TERM TRENDS; GREAT-LAKES; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; ECOSYSTEM CHANGE; ABUNDANCE; CATCHABILITY C1 [Riley, Stephen C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Dunlop, Erin S.] Trent Univ, Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Aquat Res & Monitoring Sect, 2140 East Bank Dr,DNA Bldg, Peterborough, ON K9B 7B8, Canada. RP Riley, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM sriley@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 10 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 73 IS 5 BP 860 EP 864 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0237 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DL1XG UT WOS:000375425900014 ER PT J AU Bence, JR Madenjian, CP He, JX Fielder, DG Pothoven, SA Dobiesz, NE Johnson, JE Ebener, MP Cottrill, RA Mohr, LC Koproski, SR AF Bence, James R. Madenjian, Charles P. He, Ji X. Fielder, David G. Pothoven, Steven A. Dobiesz, Norine E. Johnson, James E. Ebener, Mark P. Cottrill, R. Adam Mohr, Lloyd C. Koproski, Scott R. TI Reply to comments by Riley and Dunlop on He et al. (2015) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID FRESH-WATER ALEWIVES; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; LAKE-MICHIGAN; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; GREAT-LAKES; RECRUITMENT; ONTARIO; HURON; TROUT C1 [Bence, James R.; Dobiesz, Norine E.] Michigan State Univ, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [He, Ji X.; Fielder, David G.; Johnson, James E.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lake Huron Res Stn, 160 East Fletcher St, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Ebener, Mark P.] Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, 179 West Three Mile Rd, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. [Cottrill, R. Adam; Mohr, Lloyd C.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, 1450 East 7th Ave, Owen Sound, ON N4K 2Z1, Canada. [Koproski, Scott R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 480 West Fletcher St, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. RP He, JX (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lake Huron Res Stn, 160 East Fletcher St, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. EM hej@michigan.gov RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 73 IS 5 BP 865 EP 868 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0522 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DL1XG UT WOS:000375425900015 ER PT J AU Xu, KH Mickey, RC Chen, Q Harris, CK Hetland, RD Hu, KL Wang, JZ AF Xu, Kehui Mickey, Rangley C. Chen, Qin Harris, Courtney K. Hetland, Robert D. Hu, Kelin Wang, Jiaze TI Shelf sediment transport during hurricanes Katrina and Rita SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Sediment transport; Numerical model; Hurricanes Katrina and Rita; Seabed erodibility; Erosional rate; Settling velocity ID LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MODELING-SYSTEM; PO RIVER; WAVE; UNCERTAINTY; STORM; PERFORMANCE; HYPOXIA; SURFACE; OCEAN AB Hurricanes can greatly modify the sedimentary record, but our coastal scientific community has rather limited capability to predict hurricane-induced sediment deposition. A three-dimensional sediment transport model was developed in the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) to study seabed erosion and deposition on the Louisiana shelf in response to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in the year 2005. Sensitivity tests were performed on both erosional and depositional processes for a wide range of erosional rates and settling velocities, and uncertainty analysis was done on critical shear stresses using the polynomial chaos approximation method. A total of 22 model runs were performed in sensitivity and uncertainty tests. Estimated maximum erosional depths were sensitive to the inputs, but horizontal erosional patterns seemed to be controlled mainly by hurricane tracks, wave-current combined shear stresses, seabed grain sizes, and shelf bathymetry. During the passage of two hurricanes, local re suspension and deposition dominated the sediment transport mechanisms. Hurricane Katrina followed a shelf-perpendicular track before making landfall and its energy dissipated rapidly within about 48 h along the eastern Louisiana coast. In contrast, Hurricane Rita followed a more shelf-oblique track and disturbed the seabed extensively during its 84-h passage from the Alabama-Mississippi border to the Louisiana-Texas border. Conditions to either side of Hurricane Rita's storm track differed substantially, with the region to the east having stronger winds, taller waves and thus deeper erosions. This study indicated that major hurricanes can disturb the shelf at centimeter to meter levels. Each of these two hurricanes suspended seabed sediment mass that far exceeded the annual sediment inputs from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, but the net transport from shelves to estuaries is yet to be determined. Future studies should focus on the modeling of sediment exchange between estuaries and shelves and the field measurement of erosional rates and settling velocities. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Kehui; Wang, Jiaze] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, 2165 Energy,Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Xu, Kehui; Chen, Qin; Wang, Jiaze] Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, 2165 Energy,Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Mickey, Rangley C.] US Geol Survey, Cherokee Nation Technol, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Chen, Qin] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2165 Energy,Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Chen, Qin; Hu, Kelin] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Computat & Technol, 2165 Energy,Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Harris, Courtney K.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Hetland, Robert D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Xu, KH (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, 2165 Energy,Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM kxu@lsu.edu RI Xu, Kehui/D-5446-2009 FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA09NOS4780229, 205] FX J.P. Walsh and D. Reide Corbett of East Carolina University provided post-hurricane deposit data which were published in Goni et al. (2007), facilitating the comparison between the modeled and observed hurricane deposit. Paul Mattern (Dalhousie University) gave advice of uncertainty analysis and helped with polynomial chaos approximation. Martinho Marta-Almeida (Texas A&M University) helped with the access of boundary and climatology files used in the ROMS model. Chunyan Li of Louisiana State University provided WAVCIS data for model-observation comparison. Julia Moriarty of Virginia Institute of Marine Science provided suggestions on the use of the erosional rates in the ROMS model. We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers and the editors for their critical reviews and helpful suggestions. This study was supported by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA09NOS4780229, NGOMEX contribution #205). It is also contribution No. 3507 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 90 BP 24 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2015.10.009 PN B PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA DK3HL UT WOS:000374807600004 ER PT J AU Howell, FW Haywood, AM Dowsett, HJ Pickering, SJ AF Howell, Fergus W. Haywood, Alan M. Dowsett, Harry J. Pickering, Steven J. TI Sensitivity of Pliocene Arctic climate to orbital forcing, atmospheric CO2 and sea ice albedo parameterisation SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE palaeoclimate; Pliocene; climate model; sea ice; orbital variability; CO2 ID MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; AIR-TEMPERATURE; WARM-PERIOD; OCEAN; RECONSTRUCTION; IMPACT; AMPLIFICATION; SIMULATIONS; HISTORY AB General circulation model (GCM) simulations of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP, 3.264 to 3.025 Myr ago) do not reproduce the magnitude of Northern Hemisphere high latitude surface air and sea surface temperature (SAT and SST) warming that proxy data indicate. There is also large uncertainty regarding the state of sea ice cover in the mPWP. Evidence for both perennial and seasonal mPWP Arctic sea ice is found through analyses of marine sediments, whilst in a multi-model ensemble of mPWP climate simulations, half of the ensemble simulated ice-free summer Arctic conditions. Given the strong influence that sea ice exerts on high latitude temperatures, an understanding of the nature of mPWP Arctic sea ice would be highly beneficial. Using the HadCM3 GCM, this paper explores the impact of various combinations of potential mPWP orbital forcing, atmospheric CO2 concentrations and minimum sea ice albedo on sea ice extent and high latitude warming. The focus is on the Northern Hemisphere, due to availability of proxy data, and the large data-model discrepancies in this region. Changes in orbital forcings are demonstrated to be sufficient to alter the Arctic sea ice simulated by HadCM3 from perennial to seasonal. However, this occurs only when atmospheric CO2 concentrations exceed 300 ppm. Reduction of the minimum sea ice albedo from 0.5 to 0.2 is also sufficient to simulate seasonal sea ice, with any of the combinations of atmospheric CO2 and orbital forcing. Compared to a mPWP control simulation, monthly mean increases north of 60 degrees N of up to 4.2 degrees C (SST) and 9.8 degrees C (SAT) are simulated. With varying CO2, orbit and sea ice albedo values we are able to reproduce proxy temperature records that lean towards modest levels of high latitude warming, but other proxy data showing greater warming remain beyond the reach of our model. This highlights the importance of additional proxy records at high latitudes and ongoing efforts to compare proxy signals between sites. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Howell, Fergus W.; Haywood, Alan M.; Pickering, Steven J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Howell, FW (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM eefwh@leeds.ac.uk FU European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)/ERC grant [278636]; USGS Climate Research and Development (Climate RD) Program FX F.W. Howell acknowledges NERC for the provision of a doctoral training grant. F.W. Howell and A.M. Haywood acknowledge that the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 278636. H.J. Dowsett acknowledges funding from the USGS Climate Research and Development (Climate R&D) Program. A.M. Dolan is acknowledged for providing access to the orbital forcing calculations and files. D.J. Hill is acknowledged for providing the code for the energy balance calculations. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2016 VL 441 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.036 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK8GJ UT WOS:000375164900013 ER PT J AU Stanley, EH Casson, NJ Christel, ST Crawford, JT Loken, LC Oliver, SK AF Stanley, Emily H. Casson, Nora J. Christel, Samuel T. Crawford, John T. Loken, Luke C. Oliver, Samantha K. TI The ecology of methane in streams and rivers: patterns, controls, and global significance SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE anaerobic respiration; carbon; database; ecosystem metabolism; efflux; global; greenhouse gas; heterogeneity; lotic; methanogenesis; methanotrophy ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; SMALL LOWLAND STREAM; FRESH-WATER WETLAND; HYPORHEIC ZONE; HEADWATER STREAMS; AQUATIC CARBON; UNITED-STATES; DRAINAGE DITCHES AB Streams and rivers can substantially modify organic carbon (OC) inputs from terrestrial landscapes, and much of this processing is the result of microbial respiration. While carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major end-product of ecosystem respiration, methane (CH4) is also present in many fluvial environments even though methanogenesis typically requires anoxic conditions that may be scarce in these systems. Given recent recognition of the pervasiveness of this greenhouse gas in streams and rivers, we synthesized existing research and data to identify patterns and drivers of CH4, knowledge gaps, and research opportunities. This included examining the history of lotic CH4 research, creating a database of concentrations and fluxes (MethDB) to generate a global-scale estimate of fluvial CH4 efflux, and developing a conceptual framework and using this framework to consider how human activities may modify fluvial CH4 dynamics. Current understanding of CH4 in streams and rivers has been strongly influenced by goals of understanding OC processing and quantifying the contribution of CH4 to ecosystem C fluxes. Less effort has been directed towards investigating processes that dictate in situ CH4 production and loss. CH4 makes a meager contribution to watershed or landscape C budgets, but streams and rivers are often significant CH4 sources to the atmosphere across these same spatial extents. Most fluvial systems are supersaturated with CH4 and we estimate an annual global emission of 26.8 Tg CH4, equivalent to similar to 15-40% of wetland and lake effluxes, respectively. Less clear is the role of CH4 oxidation, methanogenesis, and total anaerobic respiration to whole ecosystem production and respiration. Controls on CH4 generation and persistence can be viewed in terms of proximate controls that influence methanogenesis (organic matter, temperature, alternative electron acceptors, nutrients) and distal geomorphic and hydrologic drivers. Multiple controls combined with its extreme redox status and low solubility result in high spatial and temporal variance of CH4 in fluvial environments, which presents a substantial challenge for understanding its larger-scale dynamics. Further understanding of CH4 production and consumption, anaerobic metabolism, and ecosystem energetics in streams and rivers can be achieved through more directed studies and comparison with knowledge from terrestrial, wetland, and aquatic disciplines. C1 [Stanley, Emily H.; Casson, Nora J.; Christel, Samuel T.; Loken, Luke C.; Oliver, Samantha K.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, 680 North Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Crawford, John T.] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Casson, Nora J.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Geog, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. RP Stanley, EH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, 680 North Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ehstanley@wisc.edu OI Oliver, Samantha/0000-0001-5668-1165; Loken, Luke/0000-0003-3194-1498; Stanley, Emily/0000-0003-4922-8121 FU North Temperate Lakes LTER program, NSF [DEB-0822700] FX We are very grateful to M. Baker, S. Bouillon, S. Bresney, E. Hertwich, N. Snyder, and C. Teodoru for providing additional information about their publications. Thanks also go to J. Rosentreter, S. Ruiz-Halpern, D. Maher, as well as M. Demarty, and V. Heilweil for generously sharing unpublished or supplemental methane data. M C. McAleavey assisted with data entry, and C. Gries provided substantial help with database development and logistics, and translated German publications. We thank A. Appling, J. Corman, K. Rose, R. Smith, and two anonymous reviewers for providing thoughtful comments that greatly improved this article. Support for this paper was provided by funding from the North Temperate Lakes LTER program, NSF DEB-0822700. NR 229 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 44 U2 100 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 86 IS 2 BP 146 EP 171 DI 10.1890/15-1027.1 PG 26 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DL1EZ UT WOS:000375376400001 ER PT J AU Sholeh, A Rastad, E Huston, D Gemmell, JB Taylor, RD AF Sholeh, Ali Rastad, Ebrahim Huston, David Gemmell, J. Bruce Taylor, Ryan D. TI The Chahnaly Low-Sulfidation Epithermal Gold Deposit, Western Makran Volcanic Arc, Southeast Iran SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PORPHYRY COPPER-DEPOSIT; ZIRCON U-PB; NW IRAN; GPS MEASUREMENTS; SUBDUCTION ZONE; PHASE-RELATIONS; NORTHWEST IRAN; PAKISTAN; ROCKS; CU AB The Chahnaly low-sulfidation epithermal Au deposit and nearby Au prospects are located northwest of the intermittently active Bazman stratovolcano on the western end of the Makran volcanic arc, which formed as the result of subduction of the remnant Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust beneath the Lut block. The arc hosts the Siah Jangal epithermal and Kharestan porphyry prospects, near Taftan volcano, as well as the Saindak Cu-Au porphyry deposit and world-class Reko Diq Cu-Au porphyry deposit, near Koh-i-Sultan volcano to the east-northeast in Pakistan. The host rocks for the Chahnaly deposit include early Miocene andesite and andesitic volcaniclastic rocks that are intruded by younger dacitic domes. Unaltered late Miocene dacitic ignimbrites overlie these rocks. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb zircon geochronology data yield ages between 21.8 and 9.9 Ma for the acidic-intermediate regional volcanism. The most recent volcanic activity of the Bazman stratovolcano involved extrusion of an olivine basalt during Pliocene to Quaternary times. Interpretation of geochemical data indicate that the volcanic rocks are synsubduction and cake-alkaline to subalkaline. The lack of a significant negative Eu anomaly, a listric-shaped rare earth element pattern, and moderate La/Yb ratios of host suites indicate a high water content of the source magma. Gold and electrum are temporally and spatially related to a series of structurally controlled, 030 degrees-trending, subvertical hydrothermal breccias with chalcedony-adularia that cut porphyritic andesite and andesitic volcaniclastic rocks. Gold is associated with pyrite, a siliceous matrix of hydrothermal breccia, and previously formed vein clasts, as well as with iron oxides and hydroxides in oxidized zones. Rare silver minerals include Ag-bearing electrum and naumannite, iodargyrite, an unnamed silver diiodide, and hessite. Hydrothermal alteration is generally well developed surrounding the ore-bearing hydrothermal breccia. The main types of alteration in the area include an inner similar to 0.5- to 20-in-thick gold-bearing hydrothermal breccia composed of quartz-chalcedony-adularia-illite-pyrite, a similar to 5- to 50-m-thick zone of quartz, chalcedony, pyrite, illitic phengite, phengite, illitic muscovite, illite, illitic paragonite, paragonite, muscovite, montmorillonite and, rarely, siderite, and a 30- to 70-m outer propylitic zone of Fe-Mg chlorite, calcite, ankerite, dolomite, epidote, palygorskite, and pyrite. The Chahnaly Au deposit formed during the early stages of magmatism. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology of host andesite and Ar-40/Ar-39 dating of two samples of gold-associated adularia show that the ore-stage adularia (19.83 +/- 0.10 and 19.2 +/- 0.5 Ma) is younger, by as much as 1.5 million years, than the volcanic host rock (20.32 +/- 0.4 Ma). Therefore, either hydrothermal activity continued well after volcanism or a second magmatic event rejuvenated hydrothermal activity. This second magmatic event may be related to eruption of porphyritic andesite at similar to 20.32 +/- 0.40 Ma, which is within error of similar to 19.83 +/- 0.10 Ma adularia. The new LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb host rock and vein adularia Ar-40/Ar-39 ages suggest that early Miocene magmatism and mineralization in the Bazman area is of a similar age to that of the Saindak porphyry and Tanjeel porphyry center of the giant Reko Diq deposit. This confirms the existence of early Miocene arc magmatism and mineralization along the Iranian part of the Makran volcanic arc. Ore, alteration mineralogy, and alteration patterns indicate that the Chahnaly,deposit is a typical low-sulfidation epithermal Au deposit, located in a poorly explored part of the Makrtm volcanic arc in Iran. C1 [Sholeh, Ali; Rastad, Ebrahim] Tarbiat Modares Univ, Fac Basic Sci, Dept Geol, Tehran, Iran. [Huston, David] Geosci Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Gemmell, J. Bruce] Univ Tasmania, ARC Ctr Excellence Ore Deposits CODES, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Taylor, Ryan D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rastad, E (reprint author), Tarbiat Modares Univ, Fac Basic Sci, Dept Geol, Tehran, Iran. EM Rastad@modares.ac.ir OI Taylor, Ryan D/0000-0002-8845-5290 FU Tarbiat Modares University Research Grant Council; Geological Survey of Iran; SEG research grant; REFLEX Geochemistry, Australia; ACME, Canada; REFLEX Geochemistry FX This paper is a part of the first author's Ph.D. thesis at Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, during which the first author collaborated with colleagues at the University of Tasmania, Geoscience Australia (GA), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The authors thank Tarbiat Modares University Research Grant Council and the Geological Survey of Iran for funding field work studies and providing access to exploration data and core logs. The paper benefited from detailed comments by Richard Goldfarb, Jeffrey Hedenquist, and Jeremy Richards. Particular thanks go to H. Askarizadeh, M. Karimi, B. Borna, B. Rashidi, M. Masnabadi, and H. Moosazadeh for helping the first author during data collection. The LA-ICP-MS analyses were supported by a 2012 SEG research grant. We thank the USGS for providing access to their argon geochronology and stable isotope labs. Terry Mernagh from GA is also thanked for providing access to laser Raman spectroscopy. Whole-rock geochemical assay was funded by REFLEX Geochemistry, Australia, and ACME, Canada, through a student stipend. All geochemical data reduction was completed using ioGAS software licensed to the first author as a part of the REFLEX Geochemistry student stipend. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by any private or governmental offices. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 14 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 111 IS 3 BP 619 EP 639 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DL0WB UT WOS:000375352200003 ER PT J AU Groves, DI Goldfarb, RJ Santosh, M AF Groves, David I. Goldfarb, Richard J. Santosh, M. TI The conjunction of factors that lead to formation of giant gold provinces and deposits in non-arc settings SO GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS LA English DT Article AB It is quite evident that it is not anomalous metal transport, nor unique depositional conditions, nor any single factor at the deposit scale, that dictates whether a mineral deposit becomes a giant or not. A hierarchical approach thus is required to progressively examine controlling parameters at successively decreasing scales in the total mineral system to understand the location of giant gold deposits in non-arc environments. For giant orogenic, intrusion-related gold systems (IRGS) and Carlin-type gold deposits and iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposits, there are common factors among all of these at the lithospheric to crustal scale. All are sited in giant gold provinces controlled by complex fundamental fault or shear zones that follow craton margins or, in the case of most Phanerozoic orogenic giants, define the primary suture zones between tectonic terranes. Giant provinces of IRGS, IOCG, and Carlin-type deposits require melting of metasomatized lithosphere beneath craton margins with ascent of hybrid lamprophyric to granitic magmas and associated heat flux to generate the giant province. The IRGS and IOCG deposits require direct exsolution of volatile-rich magmatic-hydrothermal fluids, whereas the association of such melts with Carlin-type ores is more indirect and enigmatic. Giant orogenic gold provinces show no direct relationship to such magmatism, forming from metamorphic fluids, but show an indirect relationship to lamprophyres that reflect the mantle connectivity of controlling first-order structures. In contrast to their province scale similarities, the different giant gold deposit styles show contrasting critical controls at the district to deposit scale. For orogenic gold deposits, the giants appear to have formed by conjunction of a greater number of parameters to those that control smaller deposits, with resultant geometrical and lithostratigraphic complexity as a guide to their location. There are few giant IRGS due to their inferior fluid-flux systems relative to orogenic gold deposits, and those few giants are essentially preservational exceptions. Many Carlin-type deposits are giants due to the exceptional conjunction of both structural and lithological parameters that caused reactive and permeable rocks, enriched in syngenetic gold, to be located below an impermeable cap along antiformal "trends". Hydrocarbons probably played an important role in concentrating metal. The supergiant Post-Betze deposit has additional ore zones in strain heterogeneities surrounding the pre-gold Goldstrike stock. All unequivocal IOCG deposits are giant or near-giant deposits in terms of gold-equivalent resources, partly due to economic factors for this relatively poorly understood, low Cu-Au grade deposit type. The supergiant Olympic Dam deposit, the most shallowly formed deposit among the larger IOCGs, probably owes its origin to eruption of volatile-rich hybrid magma at surface, with formation of a large maar and intense and widespread brecciation, alteration and Cu-Au-U deposition in a huge rock volume. (C) 2015, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Groves, David I.; Goldfarb, Richard J.] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Explorat Targeting, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. [Groves, David I.; Goldfarb, Richard J.; Santosh, M.] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Goldfarb, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Santosh, M.] Univ Adelaide, Dept Earth Sci, Ctr Tecton Resources & Explorat, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Santosh, M.] Kochi Univ, Fac Sci, Div Interdisciplinary Sci, Kochi 7808520, Japan. RP Santosh, M (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM santosh@cugb.edu.cn FU Chinese Government FX We are indebted to mentors such as Samuel Warren Carey, Mike Solomon, and Rob Kerrich for their insight that one can only resolve problems by viewing them at the correct scale using a hierarchical approach, as applied by Neil Phillips at Kalgoorlie, for example. We are also indebted to Poul Emsbo for stimulating discussions on Carlin and for providing key references. M. Santosh is funded by Talent Award under the 1000 Plan Project from the Chinese Government, and thanks Li Qing, Weiru Lin and Chengxue Yang for help with some of the figures. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 14 PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES PI BEIJING PA 29 XUEYUAN RD, BEIJING, 100083, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-9871 J9 GEOSCI FRONT JI Geosci. Front. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 7 IS 3 SI SI BP 303 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.gsf.2015.07.001 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DK6YL UT WOS:000375071600002 ER PT J AU Galloway, DL Erkens, G Kuniansky, EL Rowland, JC AF Galloway, Devin L. Erkens, Gilles Kuniansky, Eve L. Rowland, Joel C. TI Preface: Land subsidence processes SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Galloway, Devin L.] US Geol Survey, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Erkens, Gilles] Deltares Res Inst, 8 POB 85467, NL-3508 AL Utrecht, Netherlands. [Erkens, Gilles] Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys Geog, POB 80115, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Kuniansky, Eve L.] US Geol Survey, 1770 Corp Dr,Ste 500, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Rowland, Joel C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Galloway, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. EM dlgallow@usgs.gov OI Kuniansky, Eve/0000-0002-5581-0225; Galloway, Devin/0000-0003-0904-5355 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 24 IS 3 BP 547 EP 550 DI 10.1007/s10040-016-1386-y PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DK5QA UT WOS:000374973500001 ER PT J AU Kuniansky, EL Weary, DJ Kaufmann, JE AF Kuniansky, Eve L. Weary, David J. Kaufmann, James E. TI The current status of mapping karst areas and availability of public sinkhole-risk resources in karst terrains of the United States SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Subsidence; Geohazards; Sinkholes; Karst; United States AB Subsidence from sinkhole collapse is a common occurrence in areas underlain by water-soluble rocks such as carbonate and evaporite rocks, typical of karst terrain. Almost all 50 States within the United States (excluding Delaware and Rhode Island) have karst areas, with sinkhole damage highest in Florida, Texas, Alabama, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Pennsylvania. A conservative estimate of losses to all types of ground subsidence was $125 million per year in 1997. This estimate may now be low, as review of cost reports from the last 15 years indicates that the cost of karst collapses in the United States averages more than $300 million per year. Knowing when a catastrophic event will occur is not possible; however, understanding where such occurrences are likely is possible. The US Geological Survey has developed and maintains national-scale maps of karst areas and areas prone to sinkhole formation. Several States provide additional resources for their citizens; Alabama, Colorado, Florida, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, and Pennsylvania maintain databases of sinkholes or karst features, with Florida, Kentucky, Missouri, and Ohio providing sinkhole reporting mechanisms for the public. C1 [Kuniansky, Eve L.] US Geol Survey, 1770 Corp Dr,Suite 500, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Weary, David J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS926A, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kaufmann, James E.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 19986 State Route F, St James, MO 65559 USA. RP Kuniansky, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1770 Corp Dr,Suite 500, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. EM elkunian@usgs.gov OI Kuniansky, Eve/0000-0002-5581-0225 NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 24 IS 3 BP 613 EP 624 DI 10.1007/s10040-015-1333-3 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DK5QA UT WOS:000374973500006 ER PT J AU Faunt, CC Sneed, M Traum, J Brandt, JT AF Faunt, Claudia C. Sneed, Michelle Traum, Jon Brandt, Justin T. TI Water availability and land subsidence in the Central Valley, California, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Subsidence; Groundwater/surface-water relations; Compaction; USA; Geohazards AB The Central Valley in California (USA) covers about 52,000 km(2) and is one of the most productive agricultural regions in the world. This agriculture relies heavily on surface-water diversions and groundwater pumpage to meet irrigation water demand. Because the valley is semi-arid and surface-water availability varies substantially, agriculture relies heavily on local groundwater. In the southern two thirds of the valley, the San Joaquin Valley, historic and recent groundwater pumpage has caused significant and extensive drawdowns, aquifer-system compaction and subsidence. During recent drought periods (2007-2009 and 2012-present), groundwater pumping has increased owing to a combination of decreased surface-water availability and land-use changes. Declining groundwater levels, approaching or surpassing historical low levels, have caused accelerated and renewed compaction and subsidence that likely is mostly permanent. The subsidence has caused operational, maintenance, and construction-design problems for water-delivery and flood-control canals in the San Joaquin Valley. Planning for the effects of continued subsidence in the area is important for water agencies. As land use, managed aquifer recharge, and surface-water availability continue to vary, long-term groundwater-level and subsidence monitoring and modelling are critical to understanding the dynamics of historical and continued groundwater use resulting in additional water-level and groundwater storage declines, and associated subsidence. Modeling tools such as the Central Valley Hydrologic Model, can be used in the evaluation of management strategies to mitigate adverse impacts due to subsidence while also optimizing water availability. This knowledge will be critical for successful implementation of recent legislation aimed toward sustainable groundwater use. C1 [Faunt, Claudia C.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego Projects Off, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92024 USA. [Sneed, Michelle; Traum, Jon; Brandt, Justin T.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Faunt, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego Projects Off, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92024 USA. EM ccfaunt@usgs.gov FU USGS Groundwater Resources Program FX This paper was encouraged by Devin Galloway (guest editor for the theme issue 'Land Subsidence Processes', Hydrogeology Journal) and supported by the USGS Groundwater Resources Program. Peer reviews by Kevin Dennehy (USGS), Lenny Konikow, and Jim Borchers and input from Devin Galloway greatly improved the manuscript. Errors of omission and commission are the sole responsibility of the authors. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 41 U2 66 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 24 IS 3 BP 675 EP 684 DI 10.1007/s10040-015-1339-x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DK5QA UT WOS:000374973500011 ER PT J AU Verdin, A Funk, C Rajagopalan, B Kleiber, W AF Verdin, Andrew Funk, Chris Rajagopalan, Balaji Kleiber, William TI Kriging and Local Polynomial Methods for Blending Satellite-Derived and Gauge Precipitation Estimates to Support Hydrologic Early Warning Systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Blending data; hydrologic early warning systems; local polynomials; ordinary kriging; rainfall estimation ID GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; TROPICAL RAINFALL; SOUTH-AMERICA; MODEL; TRMM; INTERPOLATION; VALIDATION; RESOLUTION; PROJECT AB Robust estimates of precipitation in space and time are important for efficient natural resource management and for mitigating natural hazards. This is particularly true in regions with developing infrastructure and regions that are frequently exposed to extreme events. Gauge observations of rainfall are sparse but capture the precipitation process with high fidelity. Due to its high resolution and complete spatial coverage, satellite-derived rainfall data are an attractive alternative in data-sparse regions and are often used to support hydrometeorological early warning systems. Satellite-derived precipitation data, however, tend to underrepresent extreme precipitation events. Thus, it is often desirable to blend spatially extensive satellite-derived rainfall estimates with high-fidelity rain gauge observations to obtain more accurate precipitation estimates. In this research, we use two different methods, namely, ordinary kriging and k-nearest neighbor local polynomials, to blend rain gauge observations with the Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation satellite-derived precipitation estimates in data-sparse Central America and Colombia. The utility of these methods in producing blended precipitation estimates at pentadal (five-day) and monthly time scales is demonstrated. We find that these blending methods significantly improve the satellite-derived estimates and are competitive in their ability to capture extreme precipitation. C1 [Verdin, Andrew; Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Funk, Chris] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Climate Hazards Grp, Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kleiber, William] Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Verdin, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM verdina@colorado.edu NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2016 VL 54 IS 5 BP 2552 EP 2562 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2502956 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DK5OF UT WOS:000374968500005 ER PT J AU Aiello, CM Nussear, KE Esque, TC Emblidge, PG Sah, P Bansal, S Hudson, PJ AF Aiello, Christina M. Nussear, Kenneth E. Esque, Todd C. Emblidge, Patrick G. Sah, Pratha Bansal, Shweta Hudson, Peter J. TI Host contact and shedding patterns clarify variation in pathogen exposure and transmission in threatened tortoise Gopherus agassizii: implications for disease modelling and management SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contact heterogeneity; detecting infection; infectiousness; per-contact transmission probability; social behaviour; upper respiratory tract disease; wildlife disease ecology ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT DISEASE; MYCOPLASMA-AGASSIZII; DESERT TORTOISES; SOCIAL NETWORKS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; MOJAVE DESERT; WILDLIFE; PREVALENCE; DYNAMICS; GALLISEPTICUM AB Most directly transmitted infections require some form of close contact between infectious and susceptible hosts to spread. Often disease models assume contacts are equal and use mean field estimates of transmission probability for all interactions with infectious hosts. Such methods may inaccurately describe transmission when interactions differ substantially in their ability to cause infection. Understanding this variation in transmission risk may be critical to properly model and manage some infectious diseases. In this study, we investigate how varying exposure and transmission may be key to understanding disease dynamics in the threatened desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii. We created heterogeneity in Mycoplasma agassizii exposure (the putative bacterial agent of a respiratory disease) by varying the duration of interactions between naturally infected and uninfected captive desert tortoises. Using qPCR, we identified new infections and compared models of transmission probability as a function of contact duration and pathogen load. We then examined the contact patterns of a wild tortoise population using proximity loggers to identify heterogeneity in contact duration. The top-ranked model predicting M.agassizii transmission included a dose term defined as the product of the number of days in proximity to an infected host and the infection level of that host. Models predicted low transmission probability for short interactions, unless the infectious host had a high load of M.agassizii: such hosts were predicted to transmit infection at higher rates with any amount of contact. We observed predominantly short-lived interactions in a free-ranging tortoise population and thus, expect transmission patterns in this population to vary considerably with the frequency and duration of high infection levels. Mean field models may misrepresent natural transmission patterns in this and other populations depending on the distribution of high-risk contact and shedding events. Rapid outbreaks in generally solitary species may result from changes to their naturally low-risk contact patterns or due to increases in the frequency of severe infections or super-shedding events - population characteristics that should be further investigated to develop effective management strategies. C1 [Aiello, Christina M.; Emblidge, Patrick G.; Hudson, Peter J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Aiello, Christina M.; Esque, Todd C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Nussear, Kenneth E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Sah, Pratha; Bansal, Shweta] Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Bansal, Shweta] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Aiello, CM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Aiello, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM caiello@usgs.gov OI Bansal, Shweta/0000-0002-1740-5421; Sah, Pratha/0000-0001-8936-5871; Aiello, Christina/0000-0002-2399-5464 FU National Science Foundation EID grant [1216054]; BLM grant [L11AC20382] FX We thank our research assistants: A. Berger, J. Jozkowski, J. Lopez, R. Moylan and M. Walden as well as numerous SCA interns and volunteers; Fort Irwin NTC for use of lands to collect wild tortoise contact data; the BLM for use of DTCC facilities and San Diego Zoo Global for logistical support; K. Drake, R. Averill-Murray, K. Fields and C. Everly for collaboration and support. The content of this paper was stimulated by the collaboration and discussions of members of the desert tortoise disease assessment workgroup including N. Lamberski, B. Rideout, J. Simecka, R. Swaisgood, C. R. Tracy, and several others. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation EID grant # 1216054 and BLM grant L11AC20382. All activities were performed under federal wildlife permits TE102235-5 and TE030659-9, state wildlife permits S36421 (NV) and 9383 (CA) and Pennsylvania State University IACUC # 38532. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 85 IS 3 BP 829 EP 842 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12511 PG 14 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DK7QS UT WOS:000375121400023 PM 26935482 ER PT J AU Chen, MS Senay, GB Singh, RK Verdin, JP AF Chen, Mingshi Senay, Gabriel B. Singh, Ramesh K. Verdin, James P. TI Uncertainty analysis of the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model at multiple flux tower sites SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE SSEBop model; Uncertainty analysis; Mean value analysis; Monte Carlo; Eddy covariance ID EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE DATA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; EVAPORATION; PRODUCTS; PARAMETERIZATION; ALGORITHM; SOIL AB Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of the water cycle - ET from the land surface returns approximately 60% of the global precipitation back to the atmosphere. ET also plays an important role in energy transport among the biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. Current regional to global and daily to annual ET estimation relies mainly on surface energy balance (SEB) ET models or statistical and empirical methods driven by remote sensing data and various climatological databases. These models have uncertainties due to inevitable input errors, poorly defined parameters, and inadequate model structures. The eddy covariance measurements on water, energy, and carbon fluxes at the AmeriFlux tower sites provide an opportunity to assess the ET modeling uncertainties. In this study, we focused on uncertainty analysis of the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model for ET estimation at multiple AmeriFlux tower sites with diverse land cover characteristics and climatic conditions. The 8-day composite 1-km MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) was used as input land surface temperature for the SSEBop algorithms. The other input data were taken from the AmeriFlux database. Results of statistical analysis indicated that the SSEBop model performed well in estimating ET with an R2 of 0.86 between estimated ET and eddy covariance measurements at 42 AmeriFlux tower sites during 2001-2007. It was encouraging to see that the best performance was observed for croplands, where R2 was 0.92 with a root mean square error of 13 mm/month. The uncertainties or random errors from input variables and parameters of the SSEBop model led to monthly ET estimates with relative errors less than 20% across multiple flux tower sites distributed across different biomes. This uncertainty of the SSEBop model lies within the error range of other SEB models, suggesting systematic error or bias of the SSEBop model is within the normal range. This finding implies that the simplified parameterization of the SSEBop model did not significantly affect the accuracy of the ET estimate while increasing the ease of model setup for operational applications. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the SSEBop model is most sensitive to input variables, land surface temperature (LST) and reference ET (ET0); and parameters, differential temperature (dT), and maximum ET scalar (K-max), particularly during the non-growing season and in dry areas. In summary, the uncertainty assessment verifies that the SSEBop model is a reliable and robust method for large-area ET estimation. The SSEBop model estimates can be further improved by reducing errors in two input variables (ET and LST) and two key parameters (Kmax and dT). (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chen, Mingshi; Singh, Ramesh K.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC InuTeq, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Senay, Gabriel B.] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Verdin, James P.] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Chen, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC InuTeq, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM mchen@usgs.gov OI Singh, Ramesh/0000-0002-8164-3483 FU USGS [G13PC00028] FX This work was performed under USGS contract G13PC00028 in support of the WaterSMART and FEWSNET projects. The authors thank the AmeriFlux Principal Investigators and their funding organizations for allowing their data to be used in our research. We also appreciate the helpful suggestions from the anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 536 BP 384 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.02.026 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DK3IV UT WOS:000374811200032 ER PT J AU Kamath, PL Foster, JT Drees, KP Luikart, G Quance, C Anderson, NJ Clarke, PR Cole, EK Drew, ML Edwards, WH Rhyan, JC Treanor, JJ Wallen, RL White, PJ Robbe-Austerman, S Cross, PC AF Kamath, Pauline L. Foster, Jeffrey T. Drees, Kevin P. Luikart, Gordon Quance, Christine Anderson, Neil J. Clarke, P. Ryan Cole, Eric K. Drew, Mark L. Edwards, William H. Rhyan, Jack C. Treanor, John J. Wallen, Rick L. White, Patrick J. Robbe-Austerman, Suelee Cross, Paul C. TI Genomics reveals historic and contemporary transmission dynamics of a bacterial disease among wildlife and livestock SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; BISON BISON-BISON; FREE-RANGING ELK; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; UNITED-STATES; RABIES VIRUS; BRUCELLOSIS; TIME AB Whole-genome sequencing has provided fundamental insights into infectious disease epidemiology, but has rarely been used for examining transmission dynamics of a bacterial pathogen in wildlife. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), outbreaks of brucellosis have increased in cattle along with rising seroprevalence in elk. Here we use a genomic approach to examine Brucella abortus evolution, cross-species transmission and spatial spread in the GYE. We find that brucellosis was introduced into wildlife in this region at least five times. The diffusion rate varies among Brucella lineages (similar to 3 to 8 km per year) and over time. We also estimate 12 host transitions from bison to elk, and 5 from elk to bison. Our results support the notion that free-ranging elk are currently a self-sustaining brucellosis reservoir and the source of livestock infections, and that control measures in bison are unlikely to affect the dynamics of unrelated strains circulating in nearby elk populations. C1 [Kamath, Pauline L.; Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Foster, Jeffrey T.; Drees, Kevin P.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Quance, Christine; Robbe-Austerman, Suelee] USDA APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Anderson, Neil J.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Clarke, P. Ryan; Rhyan, Jack C.] USDA APHIS, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Cole, Eric K.] USFWS, Natl Elk Refuge, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Drew, Mark L.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Hlth Lab, Caldwell, ID 83607 USA. [Edwards, William H.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Treanor, John J.; Wallen, Rick L.; White, Patrick J.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Natl Pk, Mammoth, WY 82190 USA. [Foster, Jeffrey T.; Drees, Kevin P.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mol Cellular & Biomed Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Kamath, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM pkamath@usgs.gov RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012; OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213; Foster, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8235-8564 FU National Science Foundation-Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases [DEB-1067129]; New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station [2664]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project [1007917]; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Department of Agriculture FX We thank the Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Park Service for providing B. abortus isolates and associated data from wildlife. Slaughterhouse owners provided access to their facilities for sampling, and Claudia Almandra, Mike O'Brien, Chris Geremia, Doug Blanton, Troy Davis and the Stephen's Creek staff helped obtain wildlife tissues. The National Veterinary Services Laboratories provided livestock data. We are also grateful to Roman Biek for providing an insightful review as part of the USGS Fundamental Science Practices; Philippe Lemey, Samantha Lycett, Roland Kao, Julio Benavides and Tod Stuber for technical assistance; Angela Brennan, Emily Almberg and Raina Plowright for helpful comments on earlier drafts. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of Agriculture and National Science Foundation-Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases (DEB-1067129). Partial funding was provided by the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station (Scientific Contribution Number 2664). This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project (1007917). NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 7 AR 11448 DI 10.1038/ncomms11448 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DL2VI UT WOS:000375492900001 PM 27165544 ER PT J AU Briggs, R AF Briggs, Rich TI EARTHQUAKES Megathrusts and mountain building SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUBDUCTION ZONE; GORKHA C1 [Briggs, Rich] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Briggs, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rbriggs@usgs.gov OI Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 9 IS 5 BP 346 EP 348 DI 10.1038/ngeo2697 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DK9TQ UT WOS:000375274800008 ER PT J AU Collins, BD Stock, GM AF Collins, Brian D. Stock, Greg M. TI Rockfall triggering by cyclic thermal stressing of exfoliation fractures SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID YOSEMITE VALLEY; SHEET STRUCTURE; JOINT FORMATION; GRANITIC-ROCKS; SWISS ALPS; EROSION; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDE; SLOPES; ORIGIN AB Exfoliation of rock deteriorates cliffs through the formation and subsequent opening of fractures, which in turn can lead to potentially hazardous rockfalls. Although a number of mechanisms are known to trigger rockfalls, many rockfalls occur during periods when likely triggers such as precipitation, seismic activity and freezing conditions are absent. It has been suggested that these enigmatic rockfalls may occur due to solar heating of rock surfaces, which can cause outward expansion. Here we use data from 3.5 years of field monitoring of an exfoliating granite cliff in Yosemite National Park in California, USA, to assess the magnitude and temporal pattern of thermally induced rock deformation. From a thermodynamic analysis, we find that daily, seasonal and annual temperature variations are sufficient to drive cyclic and cumulative opening of fractures. Application of fracture theory suggests that these changes can lead to further fracture propagation and the consequent detachment of rock. Our data indicate that the warmest times of the day and year are particularly conducive to triggering rockfalls, and that cyclic thermal forcing may enhance the efficacy of other, more typical rockfall triggers. C1 [Collins, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Landslide Hazards Program, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stock, Greg M.] Natl Pk Serv, Yosemite Natl Pk, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Collins, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Landslide Hazards Program, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bcollins@usgs.gov FU USGS Landslide Hazards Program; US National Park Service, Yosemite National Park FX This work was supported by the USGS Landslide Hazards Program and the US National Park Service, Yosemite National Park. We thank B. Murchey (USGS) for supporting the efforts to initiate this work. F. Sandrone, L. Gastaldo, B. Matasci and M. Jaboyedoff (Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Laboratory for Rock Mechanics and the Universite de Lausanne, Institute of Earth Sciences Terre, Lausanne, Switzerland) performed laboratory testing of rock samples for rock mechanics characterization. We appreciate discussions with R. S. Anderson, M. E. Reid, S. J. Martel and J. R. Moore, who provided helpful suggestions and encouragement throughout the project. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 9 IS 5 BP 395 EP + DI 10.1038/NGEO2686 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DK9TQ UT WOS:000375274800019 ER PT J AU Lienkaemper, JJ DeLong, SB Domrose, CJ Rosa, CM AF Lienkaemper, James J. DeLong, Stephen B. Domrose, Carolyn J. Rosa, Carla M. TI Afterslip Behavior following the 2014 M 6.0 South Napa Earthquake with Implications for Afterslip Forecasting on Other Seismogenic Faults SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; HAYWARD FAULT; 2004 PARKFIELD; SURFACE SLIP; CREEP RATE; CALIFORNIA; TURKEY; SYSTEM; EXTENT AB The 24 August 2014 M 6.0 South Napa, California, earthquake exhibited unusually large slip for a California strike-slip event of its size with a maximum coseismic surface slip of 40-50 cm in the north section of the 15-km-long rupture. Although only minor (<10 cm) surface slip occurred coseismically in the southern 9 km section of the rupture, considerable postseismic slip occurred, so that the maximum total slip one year after the event approached 40-50 cm, approximately equal to the coseismic maximum in the north. We measured the accumulation of postseismic surface slip on four similar to 100-m-long alignment arrays for one year following the event. Because prolonged afterslip can delay reconstruction of fault-damaged buildings and infrastructure, we analyzed its gradual decay to estimate when significant afterslip would likely end. This forecasting of Napa afterslip suggests how we might approach the scientific and engineering challenges of afterslip from a much larger M similar to 7 earthquake anticipated on the nearby urban Hayward fault. However, we expect its afterslip to last much longer than one year. C1 [Lienkaemper, James J.; DeLong, Stephen B.; Rosa, Carla M.] US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Domrose, Carolyn J.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Geosci, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Lienkaemper, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jlienk@usgs.gov OI DeLong, Stephen/0000-0002-0945-2172 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) [G15AC00079] FX We greatly appreciate the support of S. John Caskey, head of the San Francisco State University Creep Project [U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Cooperative Agreement Number G15AC00079], by enabling several joint afterslip surveys with the USGS and by encouraging us to integrate the ongoing afterslip data record with the existing Northern California creep archival system. We thank Ben Brooks of USGS for his suggestion early on 25 August 2014 to install the arrays and for providing us with scaled photos from a home owner of the South Avenue curb offset (NSAV); John Langbein for making available his Omori4 program to obtain the modified Omori law (MOL) fits to our data; and UNAVCO for use of lidar analysis software. We also thank Jay and Maxine Jacobs for assistance in measuring their offset vineyard row near NLAR and Clos du Val Vineyard for permission to survey their vineyard row near NHNR. Reviews by Brad Aagaard and Jack Boatwright greatly improved the clarity of this article. We also appreciate the reviews of two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 87 IS 3 BP 609 EP 619 DI 10.1785/0220150262 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK6PX UT WOS:000375047900006 ER PT J AU Mai, PM Schorlemmer, D Page, M Ampuero, JP Asano, K Causse, M Custodio, S Fan, WY Festa, G Galis, M Gallovic, F Imperatori, W Kaser, M Malytskyy, D Okuwaki, R Pollitz, F Passone, L Razafindrakoto, HNT Sekiguchi, H Song, SG Somala, SN Thingbaijam, KKS Twardzik, C van Driel, M Vyas, JC Wang, RJ Yagi, Y Zielke, O AF Mai, P. Martin Schorlemmer, Danijel Page, Morgan Ampuero, Jean-Paul Asano, Kimiyuki Causse, Mathieu Custodio, Susana Fan, Wenyuan Festa, Gaetano Galis, Martin Gallovic, Frantisek Imperatori, Walter Kaeser, Martin Malytskyy, Dmytro Okuwaki, Ryo Pollitz, Fred Passone, Luca Razafindrakoto, Hoby N. T. Sekiguchi, Haruko Song, Seok Goo Somala, Surendra N. Thingbaijam, Kiran K. S. Twardzik, Cedric van Driel, Martin Vyas, Jagdish C. Wang, Rongjiang Yagi, Yuji Zielke, Olaf TI The Earthquake-Source Inversion Validation (SIV) Project SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL GREENS-FUNCTIONS; FAULT-RUPTURE MODELS; 1979 IMPERIAL-VALLEY; STRONG-MOTION DATA; DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHOD; 2011 TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE; STRONG GROUND MOTION; 1989 LOMA-PRIETA; SLIP INVERSIONS; JOINT INVERSION AB Finite-fault earthquake source inversions infer the (time-dependent) displacement on the rupture surface from geophysical data. The resulting earthquake source models document the complexity of the rupture process. However, multiple source models for the same earthquake, obtained by different research teams, often exhibit remarkable dissimilarities. To address the uncertainties in earthquake-source inversion methods and to understand strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches used, the Source Inversion Validation (SIV) project conducts a set of forward-modeling exercises and inversion benchmarks. In this article, we describe the SIV strategy, the initial benchmarks, and current SIV results. Furthermore, we apply statistical tools for quantitative waveform comparison and for investigating source-model (dis)similarities that enable us to rank the solutions, and to identify particularly promising source inversion approaches. All SIV exercises (with related data and descriptions) and statistical comparison tools are available via an online collaboration platform, and we encourage source modelers to use the SIV benchmarks for developing and testing new methods. We envision that the SIV efforts will lead to new developments for tackling the earthquake-source imaging problem. C1 [Mai, P. Martin; Galis, Martin; Imperatori, Walter; Passone, Luca; Razafindrakoto, Hoby N. T.; Thingbaijam, Kiran K. S.; Vyas, Jagdish C.; Zielke, Olaf] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Phys Sci & Engn, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Schorlemmer, Danijel; Wang, Rongjiang] GFZ, Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Page, Morgan] US Geol Survey, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Ampuero, Jean-Paul] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, 1200 East Calif Blvd,MC 252-21, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Asano, Kimiyuki; Sekiguchi, Haruko] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Causse, Mathieu] Univ Grenoble Alpes, IFSTTAR, CNRS, CS 40700, F-38058 Grenoble 9, France. [Custodio, Susana] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Inst Dom Luiz, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Fan, Wenyuan] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, IGPP 0225, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Festa, Gaetano] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Phys, Naples, Italy. [Gallovic, Frantisek] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Dept Geophys, Holesovickach 2, CR-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Kaeser, Martin] Univ Munich, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Theresienstr 41, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Malytskyy, Dmytro] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Subbotin Inst Geophys, Carpathian Branch, UA-79060 Lvov, Ukraine. [Okuwaki, Ryo; Yagi, Yuji] Univ Tsukuba, Fac Life & Environm Sci, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058572, Japan. [Pollitz, Fred] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Song, Seok Goo] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources KIGAM, Earthquake Res Ctr, 124 Gwahang No, Daejeon 34132, South Korea. [Somala, Surendra N.] Indian Inst Technol IIT Hyderabad, Dept Civil Engn, Hyderabad 502285, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Twardzik, Cedric] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, 1006 Webb Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Imperatori, Walter; van Driel, Martin] ETH, Dept Earth Sci, Sonneggstr 5, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Razafindrakoto, Hoby N. T.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Civil & Nat Resources Engn, Christchurch 8040, New Zealand. RP Mai, PM (reprint author), King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Phys Sci & Engn, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. EM martin.mai@kaust.edu.sa RI Gallovic, Frantisek/G-7986-2011; fan, wenyuan/I-2220-2016; Song, Seok Goo/B-8482-2012; Custodio, Susana/K-7598-2012; Okuwaki, Ryo/A-1601-2016; Fan, Wenyuan/M-2748-2016; Asano, Kimiyuki/B-8745-2008; Ampuero, Jean Paul/N-3348-2013; Festa, Gaetano /F-8525-2010 OI Gallovic, Frantisek/0000-0002-9268-3923; fan, wenyuan/0000-0002-2983-8240; Song, Seok Goo/0000-0002-6603-1542; Custodio, Susana/0000-0001-7457-4179; Okuwaki, Ryo/0000-0001-7149-4763; Fan, Wenyuan/0000-0002-2983-8240; Asano, Kimiyuki/0000-0002-8530-4198; zielke, olaf/0000-0002-4797-0034; Ampuero, Jean Paul/0000-0002-4827-7987; Festa, Gaetano /0000-0002-2588-8160 FU Southern California Earthquake Center [6159]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-1033462]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) [G12AC20038]; Czech Science Foundation [14-04372S]; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia FX We thank Juerg Hauser for developing the initial Source Inversion Validation (SIV) benchmark platform. Constructive criticism by and inspiring discussion with Ralph Archuleta, Greg Beroza, Bill Ellsworth, Chen Ji, Ruth Harris, Thorne Lay, Lingsen Meng, Peter Shearer, and others helped to steer the SIV initiative. Constructive criticism by three anonymous reviewers helped to improve the manuscript. We are grateful to the SRL editorial staff for their support and guidance. This research was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center (Contribution Number 6159). Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) is funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) Cooperative Agreement EAR-1033462 and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Cooperative Agreement G12AC20038. F. G. was supported by the Czech Science Foundation project 14-04372S. This study is also funded by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. Earthquake-rupture simulations were carried out using the KAUST Supercomputing Laboratory (KSL), and we acknowledge support by KSL staff. NR 99 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 14 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 87 IS 3 BP 690 EP 708 DI 10.1785/0220150231 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK6PX UT WOS:000375047900014 ER PT J AU Unema, JA Ort, MH Larsen, JF Neal, CA Schaefer, JR AF Unema, Joel A. Ort, Michael H. Larsen, Jessica F. Neal, Christina A. Schaefer, Janet R. TI Water-magma interaction and plume processes in the 2008 Okmok eruption, Alaska SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID VOLCANIC ASH AGGREGATION; ACCRETIONARY LAPILLI; MECHANISMS; PARTICLES; DYNAMICS; FEATURES; FALLOUT; ORIGIN; CLOUD; FIELD AB Eruptions of similar explosivity can have divergent effects on the surroundings due to differences in the behavior of the tephra in the eruption column and atmosphere. Okmok volcano, located on Umnak Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands, erupted explosively between 12 July and 19 August 2008. The basaltic andesitic eruption ejected similar to 0.24 km(3) dense rock equivalent (DRE) of tephra, primarily directed to the northeast of the vent area. The first 4 h of the eruption produced dominantly coarse-grained tephra, but the following 5 wk of the eruption deposited almost exclusively ash, much of it very fine and deposited as ash pellets and ashy rain and mist. Meteorological storms combined with abundant plume water to efficiently scrub ash from the eruption column, with a rapid decrease in deposit thickness with distance from the vent. Grain-size analysis shows that the modes (although not their relative proportions) are very constant throughout the deposit, implying that the fragmentation mechanisms did not vary much. Grain-shape features consistent with molten fuel-coolant interaction are common. Surface and groundwater drainage into the vents provided the water for phreatomagmatic fragmentation. The available water (water that could reach the vent area during the eruption) was similar to 2.8 x 10(10) kg, and the erupted magma totaled similar to 7 x 10(11) kg, which yield an overall water: magma mass ratio of similar to 0.04, but much of the water was not interactive. Although magma flux dropped from 1 x 107 kg/s during the initial 4 h to 1.8 x 10(5) kg/s for the remainder of the eruption, most of the erupted material was ejected during the lower-mass-flux period due to its much greater length, and this tephra was dominantly deposited within 10 km downwind of the vent. This highlights the importance of ash scrubbing in the evaluation of hazards from explosive eruptions. C1 [Unema, Joel A.; Ort, Michael H.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Box 4099, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Larsen, Jessica F.] Univ Alaska, Dept Geol & Geophys, Room 308 Reichardt Bldg,900 Yukon Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Larsen, Jessica F.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Room 308 Reichardt Bldg,900 Yukon Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Neal, Christina A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4230 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Schaefer, Janet R.] State Alaska Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, 3354 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Neal, Christina A.] USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51,1 Crater Rim Dr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Ort, MH (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Box 4099, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM michael.ort@nau.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) [G10AC00056, G10AC00028] FX This study was supported by U.S. Geological Survey American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) awards G10AC00056 to M. Ort at Northern Arizona University and G10AC00028 to S. McNutt at University of Alaska-Fairbanks. The hospitality and help of the staff at the Bering Pacific Ranch at Fort Glenn on Umnak Island are greatly appreciated. Helicopter pilots Kenny Clark and Bill Springer flew us safely around the volcano, at times in difficult weather. Reviews by L. Mastin, P. Dellino, and J. White greatly improved this manuscript. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 128 IS 5-6 BP 792 EP 806 DI 10.1130/B31360.1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DK8XJ UT WOS:000375212200007 ER PT J AU Martinez, FJ Dietsch, C Aleinikoff, J Cires, J Arboleya, ML Reche, J Gomez-Gras, D AF Martinez, F. J. Dietsch, C. Aleinikoff, J. Cires, J. Arboleya, M. L. Reche, J. Gomez-Gras, D. TI Provenance, age, and tectonic evolution of Variscan flysch, southeastern France and northeastern Spain, based on zircon geochronology SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NW IBERIAN MASSIF; HIGH-GRADE ROCKS; FORELAND BASIN; EASTERN PYRENEES; NORTHERN AFRICA; SOUTHERN EUROPE; THRUST BELT; AXIAL ZONE; ID-TIMS; WESTERN AB Small basins filled with Early Carboniferous (Mississippian) flysch in the Variscan chain in southwestern Europe formed as ocean basins between Laurussia and Gondwana closed and deformation was transferred into Gond-wanan crust. To identify flysch source areas and the spatial distribution and timing of deformation as continental collision progressed, sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb ages were determined for (1) detrital zircon and zircon in orthogneiss cobbles from flysch sediments in basins along a 300 km transect from the Montagne Noire in southeastern France across the Catalonian Massif to Minorca in northeastern Spain; (2) monazite from a potential source area; and (3) undeformed granite that crosscuts flysch sediments. A remarkable feature of flysch conglomerates all along the transect south of the Montagne Noire is that they contain pebbles and cobbles of deformed leucocratic granite, gneiss, and pegmatite, felsic volcanic porphyritic rocks, schist, and slate that resemble rocks exposed in massifs adjacent to the flysch basins. Age distributions of detrital zircon populations from 13 basins show that most grains are Neoproterozoic (younger than 850 Ma), Cambrian-Ordovician, and Early Carboniferous (Mississippian). Fewer Devonian zircons are all post-Emsian, and most are Frasnian-Famen-nian (Late Devonian); i.e., between ca. 359 and 385 Ma. A younger zircon population is composed mostly of igneous grains that are Early Carboniferous, in the range 360-325 Ma. In several basins, the youngest detrital zircon age group is Tournaisian; in others, it is Visean (345-330 Ma), only a few million years older than the age of flysch deposition based on biostratigraphy. The youngest zircon age group in flysch from the Canoves Basin along the Catalonian Massif has an age of 327 +/- 4 Ma; this age overlaps the biostratigraphic age of Canoves flysch and coin-cides with monazite ages determined from a high-grade pelitic gneiss exposed in the Guilleries massif similar to 30 km away along strike. An orthogneiss cobble from Canoves has a crystallization age of 489 +/- 5 Ma, matching the age of bedrock orthogneiss from Guilleries. These data suggest that Variscan deformation of Gondwanan crust began during the late Visean and that individual flysch basins developed in front of a series of uplifted thrust wedges where midcrustal igneous and metamorphic rocks were rapidly exhumed and eroded. A slaty cleavage is developed in all of the flysch basins, and undeformed granites that intrude four flysch basins have ages that range between 305 and 295 Ma. C1 [Martinez, F. J.; Arboleya, M. L.; Reche, J.; Gomez-Gras, D.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Geol, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Dietsch, C.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Aleinikoff, J.] US Geol Survey, MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cires, J.] Inst Cartograf & Geol Catalunya, Parc Montjuic, Barcelona 080393, Spain. RP Dietsch, C (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dietscc@ucmail.uc.edu FU Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [CLG2006-09509]; Department of Geology at the University of Cincinnati FX This research was supported by funding provided by grant CLG2006-09509 from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion to F.J. Martinez, who is grateful for their support. Discussions with Antonio Teixell (Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona) and Alberto Marcos (Universidad de Oviedo) are highly appreciated. Dietsch thanks the Department of Geology at the University of Cincinnati for supporting his field work and travel to the Stanford sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) laboratory. Renee Pillers (U.S. Geological Survey, Denver) is acknowledged for her excellent help with mineral separations and image processing. Marta Roige and Mireia Domenech (Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona) are thanked for their help in drafting figures. Thought-provoking reviews by J. von Raumer, Gabriel Gutierrez-Alonso, U. Linnemann, and Associate Editor F. Corfu significantly improved an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 96 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 16 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 128 IS 5-6 BP 842 EP 859 DI 10.1130/B31316.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DK8XJ UT WOS:000375212200010 ER PT J AU Nemergut, DR Knelman, JE Ferrenberg, S Bilinski, T Melbourne, B Jiang, L Violle, C Darcy, JL Prest, T Schmidt, SK Townsend, AR AF Nemergut, Diana R. Knelman, Joseph E. Ferrenberg, Scott Bilinski, Teresa Melbourne, Brett Jiang, Lin Violle, Cyrille Darcy, John L. Prest, Tiffany Schmidt, Steven K. Townsend, Alan R. TI Decreases in average bacterial community rRNA operon copy number during succession SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRAIT-BASED APPROACH; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLY PROCESSES; SOIL BACTERIA; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; PHYLOGENETIC STRUCTURE; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PLANT TRAITS; MECHANISMS AB Trait-based studies can help clarify the mechanisms driving patterns of microbial community assembly and coexistence. Here, we use a trait-based approach to explore the importance of rRNA operon copy number in microbial succession, building on prior evidence that organisms with higher copy numbers respond more rapidly to nutrient inputs. We set flasks of heterotrophic media into the environment and examined bacterial community assembly at seven time points. Communities were arrayed along a geographic gradient to introduce stochasticity via dispersal processes and were analyzed using 16 S rRNA gene pyrosequencing, and rRNA operon copy number was modeled using ancestral trait reconstruction. We found that taxonomic composition was similar between communities at the beginning of the experiment and then diverged through time; as well, phylogenetic clustering within communities decreased over time. The average rRNA operon copy number decreased over the experiment, and variance in rRNA operon copy number was lowest both early and late in succession. We then analyzed bacterial community data from other soil and sediment primary and secondary successional sequences from three markedly different ecosystem types. Our results demonstrate that decreases in average copy number are a consistent feature of communities across various drivers of ecological succession. Importantly, our work supports the scaling of the copy number trait over multiple levels of biological organization, ranging from cells to populations and communities, with implications for both microbial ecology and evolution. C1 [Nemergut, Diana R.; Prest, Tiffany] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC USA. [Nemergut, Diana R.; Knelman, Joseph E.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knelman, Joseph E.; Ferrenberg, Scott; Melbourne, Brett; Darcy, John L.; Schmidt, Steven K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Campus Box 334, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ferrenberg, Scott] US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT USA. [Bilinski, Teresa] St Edwards Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Austin, TX 78704 USA. [Jiang, Lin] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Violle, Cyrille] CNRS, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34033 Montpellier, France. [Townsend, Alan R.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Knelman, JE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Campus Box 334, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM joseph.knelman@colorado.edu RI Schmidt, Steven/G-2771-2010; OI Schmidt, Steven/0000-0002-9175-2085; Ferrenberg, Scott/0000-0002-3542-0334 FU National Science Foundation of the USA [DEB-1258160, DGE 1144083] FX We thank Sean O'Neill for laboratory assistance, Emily Graham for insightful discussions and two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the quality of this paper. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation of the USA through grants to DRN, SKS, and BM (DEB-1258160) and a graduate research fellowship to JEK (DGE 1144083). NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 13 U2 34 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1751-7362 EI 1751-7370 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1147 EP 1156 DI 10.1038/ismej.2015.191 PG 10 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA DJ7FL UT WOS:000374377200012 PM 26565722 ER PT J AU Norman, LM Brinkerhoff, F Gwilliam, E Guertin, DP Callegary, J Goodrich, DC Nagler, PL Gray, F AF Norman, L. M. Brinkerhoff, F. Gwilliam, E. Guertin, D. P. Callegary, J. Goodrich, D. C. Nagler, P. L. Gray, F. TI HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE OF STREAMS RESTORED WITH CHECK DAMS IN THE CHIRICAHUA MOUNTAINS, ARIZONA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE check dams; restoration; semi-arid watersheds; water budget; runoff ratio ID TURKEY CREEK CALDERA; SEMIARID WATERSHEDS; EROSION CONTROL; RUNOFF; SOIL; VARIABILITY; CATCHMENT; RANGELAND; SOUTHWEST; YIELD AB In this study, hydrological processes are evaluated to determine impacts of stream restoration in the West Turkey Creek, Chiricahua Mountains, southeast Arizona, during a summer-monsoon season (June-October of 2013). A paired-watershed approach was used to analyze the effectiveness of check dams to mitigate high flows and impact long-term maintenance of hydrologic function. One watershed had been extensively altered by the installation of numerous small check dams over the past 30years, and the other was untreated (control). We modified and installed a new stream-gauging mechanism developed for remote areas, to compare the water balance and calculate rainfall-runoff ratios. Results show that even 30years after installation, most of the check dams were still functional. The watershed treated with check dams has a lower runoff response to precipitation compared with the untreated, most notably in measurements of peak flow. Concerns that downstream flows would be reduced in the treated watershed, due to storage of water behind upstream check dams, were not realized; instead, flow volumes were actually higher overall in the treated stream, even though peak flows were dampened. We surmise that check dams are a useful management tool for reducing flow velocities associated with erosion and degradation and posit they can increase baseflow in aridlands. (C) 2015 The Authors. River Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Norman, L. M.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 520N Pk Ave,Ste 102K, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Brinkerhoff, F.; Callegary, J.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, 520N Pk Ave,Ste 102K, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Gwilliam, E.] Natl Pk Serv, Sonoran Desert Network, Tucson, AZ USA. [Guertin, D. P.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ USA. [Goodrich, D. C.] USDA ARS, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Nagler, P. L.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, 520N Pk Ave,Ste 102K, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Gray, F.] US Geol Survey, Geol Minerals Energy & Geophys Sci Ctr, 520N Pk Ave,Ste 102K, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Norman, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 520N Pk Ave,Ste 102K, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM lnorman@usgs.gov FU Land Change Science (LCS) Program, under the Climate and Land Use Change (CLU) Mission Area of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This research was conducted with support from the Land Change Science (LCS) Program, under the Climate and Land Use Change (CLU) Mission Area of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The National Park Service's Sonoran Desert Network (NPS SODN) supplied equipment for the study in relationship to nearby Chiricahua National Monument. We appreciate the peer reviews done by Stephen Wiele and Ann Youberg. Many thanks to Valer and Josiah Austin (EC; Cuenca Los Ojos Foundation); Joel Sankey, Miguel Villarreal, Leila Gass, Jeff Cordova and Hanna Coy (USGS); Jon Pelletier and Edward Glenn (University of Arizona); Kara Raymond (NPS); Erin Boyle (National Weather Service); Michele Girard and Duane Bennett (USFS, Coronado National Forest); Ryan Faught and Chelsea Smith (University of Oklahoma); Ron Pulliam and David Seibert (Borderlands Restoration); and Gerry Norman for all their help making our research a success. References to commercial vendors of software products or services are provided solely for the convenience of users when obtaining or using USGS software. Such references do not imply any endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 519 EP 527 DI 10.1002/rra.2895 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DK1WE UT WOS:000374704900001 ER PT J AU Wilkison, DH Armstrong, DJ AF Wilkison, D. H. Armstrong, D. J. TI Water-Quality Assessment of the Lower Grand River Basin, Missouri and Iowa, USA, in Support of Integrated Conservation Practices SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE land conservation; northern Missouri; nutrient reduction; nutrient export; conservation programmes; N sources; P sources; water quality ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; LAND-USE; TRIBUTARIES; PHOSPHORUS; NITRATE AB The effectiveness of agricultural conservation programmes to adequately reduce nutrient exports to receiving streams and to help limit downstream hypoxia issues remains a concern. Quantifying programme success can be difficult given that short-term basin changes may be masked by long-term water-quality shifts. We evaluated nutrient export at stream sites in the 44months that followed a period of increased, integrated conservation implementation within the Lower Grand River Basin. These short-term responses were then compared with export that occurred in the main stem and adjacent rivers in northern Missouri over a 22-year period to better contextualize any recent changes. Results indicate that short-term (October 2010 through May 2014) total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in the Grand River were 20% less than the long-term average, and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were 23% less. Nutrient reductions in the short term were primarily the result of the less-than-average precipitation and, consequently, streamflow that was 36% below normal. Therefore, nutrient concentrations measured in tributary streams were likely less than normal during the implementation period. Northern Missouri streamflow-normalized TN concentrations remained relatively flat or declined over the period 1991 through 2013 likely because available sources of nitrogen, determined as the sum of commercial fertilizers, available animal manures and atmospheric inputs, were typically less than crop requirement for much of that time frame. Conversely, flow-normalized stream TP concentrations increased over the past 22years in northern Missouri streams, likely in response to many years of phosphorus inputs in excess of crop requirements. Stream nutrient changes were most pronounced during periods that coincided with the major tillage, planting and growth phases of row crops and increased streamflow. Nutrient reduction strategies targeted at the period February through June would likely have the greatest impact on reducing nutrient export from the basin. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Wilkison, D. H.; Armstrong, D. J.] US Geol Survey, Missouri Water Sci Ctr, Lees Summit, MO USA. RP Wilkison, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Missouri Water Sci Ctr, Kansas City Off, 401 NW Capital Dr, Lees Summit, MO 64086 USA. EM wilkison@usgs.gov FU Missouri Department of Natural Resources; USGS Cooperative Water Science Program FX We thank Jennifer Graham, Steve Hefner, Dave Heimann, Brian Kelly and Steve Walker for providing valuable comments. This study was funded with financial support from the Missouri Department of Natural Resources and the USGS Cooperative Water Science Program. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 583 EP 596 DI 10.1002/rra.2887 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DK1WE UT WOS:000374704900007 ER PT J AU Smith, CD Quist, MC Hardy, RS AF Smith, C. D. Quist, M. C. Hardy, R. S. TI Fish Assemblage Structure and Habitat Associations in a Large Western River System SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fish assemblage; rivers; habitat; populations; longitudinal gradient; species addition ID GREAT-PLAINS RIVER; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; WADEABLE IOWA STREAMS; SPECIES RICHNESS; COMMUNITY CHANGE; KOOTENAI RIVER; COLORADO RIVER; NATIVE FISHES; WATER-QUALITY; GRAND-CANYON AB Longitudinal gradients of fish assemblage and habitat structure were investigated in the Kootenai River of northern Idaho. A total of 43500-m river reaches was sampled repeatedly with several techniques (boat-mounted electrofishing, hoop nets and benthic trawls) in the summers of 2012 and 2013. Differences in habitat and fish assemblage structure were apparent along the longitudinal gradient of the Kootenai River. Habitat characteristics (e.g. depth, substrate composition and water velocity) were related to fish assemblage structure in three different geomorphic river sections. Upper river sections were characterized by native salmonids (e.g. mountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni), whereas native cyprinids (peamouth Mylocheilus caurinus, northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis) and non-native fishes (pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus, yellow perch Perca flavescens) were common in the downstream section. Overall, a general pattern of species addition from upstream to downstream sections was discovered and is likely related to increased habitat complexity and additions of non-native species in downstream sections. Assemblage structure of the upper sections were similar, but were both dissimilar to the lower section of the Kootenai River. Species-specific hurdle regressions indicated the relationships among habitat characteristics and the predicted probability of occurrence and relative abundance varied by species. Understanding fish assemblage structure in relation to habitat could improve conservation efforts of rare fishes and improve management of coldwater river systems. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Smith, C. D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Quist, M. C.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hardy, R. S.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Coeur Dalene, ID 83814 USA. RP Smith, CD (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 23070 North Lakeshore Dr, Glenwood, MN 56334 USA. EM Christopher.D.Smith@state.mn.us FU Idaho Department of Fish and Game; U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish, and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Geological Survey, University of Idaho; Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank C. Brown, D. Donnely, W. Field, K. Griffin, J. Hansen, E. Landers, N. Porter, J. Walrath, C. Watkins, S. Whitlock and J. Yates for assistance with field research. We also thank C. Gidley, P. Rust and T.J. Ross of the Idaho Department of Fish and Game for assistance in planning and implementing field work. Helpful comments on previous versions of this manuscript were provided by K. Cain, C. Hoagstrom, D. Schill, C. Williams and an anonymous reviewer. Funding for the project was provided by the Idaho Department of Fish and Game. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish, and Wildlife Research Unit. The Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Idaho, and the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute. This project was conducted under the University of Idaho Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol 2011-33. The use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 98 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 622 EP 638 DI 10.1002/rra.2877 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DK1WE UT WOS:000374704900010 ER PT J AU Holmes, RW Rankin, DE Ballard, E Gard, M AF Holmes, R. W. Rankin, D. E. Ballard, E. Gard, M. TI Evaluation of Steelhead Passage Flows Using Hydraulic Modeling on an Unregulated Coastal California River SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE passage; habitat connectivity; steelhead; River2D; critical riffle analysis ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; INSTREAM FLOW; KEOGH RIVER; HABITAT; CONNECTIVITY; STREAMS; SCALES; RESTORATION; UPSTREAM AB Passage and habitat connectivity flows for steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss through depth sensitive natural, low gradient, critical riffle sites were investigated in the unregulated Big Sur River, California. The River2D two-dimensional hydraulic habitat model, along with quantitative passage metrics and species-specific and lifestage-specific depth criteria, were used to evaluate and compare predicted fish passage flows with flows derived by a traditional empirical critical riffle fish passage method. Passage flows were also compared with historical unimpaired natural hydrology patterns to assess the frequency and duration of suitable passage flows under the naturally variable flow regimes characteristic of Central California coastal rivers. A strong relationship (r(2) = 0.93) was observed between flows predicted by hydraulic modeling and flows identified by the empirical critical riffle method. River2D provided validation that the flows derived using the traditional critical riffle methodology provided for contiguous passable pathways of suitable hydraulic (depth and velocity) conditions through complex cobble-dominated riffle sites. Furthermore, steelhead passage flows were spatially and temporally consistent between lagoon and upstream riffles for adults, and were generally indicative of a river system in equilibrium with a naturally variable flow regime and associated intact ecological processes. An analysis of 25years of continuous flow data indicated sufficient flows for upstream passage by young-of-year and juvenile steelhead were produced between 37% and 100% and between 1% and 95% of the time, respectively. September and October are the most challenging months for natural flows to meet young-of-year and juvenile passage and habitat connectivity flows. Careful consideration of seasonal and interannual flow variability dynamics, therefore, are critical components of an effective flow management strategy for the maintenance and protection of passage and habitat connectivity flows between lagoon and upriver habitats. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Holmes, R. W.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Water Branch, Instream Flow Program, 830 S St, Sacramento, CA 95811 USA. [Rankin, D. E.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Biogeog Database, Sacramento, CA 95811 USA. [Ballard, E.; Gard, M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Holmes, RW (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Water Branch, Instream Flow Program, 830 S St, Sacramento, CA 95811 USA. EM Robert.Holmes@wildlife.ca.gov NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 697 EP 710 DI 10.1002/rra.2884 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DK1WE UT WOS:000374704900016 ER PT J AU Plumb, JM Adams, NS Perry, RW Holbrook, CM Romine, JG Blake, AR Burau, JR AF Plumb, J. M. Adams, N. S. Perry, R. W. Holbrook, C. M. Romine, J. G. Blake, A. R. Burau, J. R. TI Diel Activity Patterns of Juvenile Late Fall-run Chinook Salmon with Implications for Operation of a Gated Water Diversion in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fish entrainment; diel fish movement; gate operations; water withdrawal ID IMPLANTED RADIO TRANSMITTERS; COLUMBIA RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; MIGRATION; STEELHEAD; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR; CHANNEL; ESTUARY AB In the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California, tidal forces that reverse river flows increase the proportion of water and juvenile late fall-run Chinook salmon diverted into a network of channels that were constructed to support agriculture and human consumption. This area is known as the interior delta, and it has been associated with poor fish survival. Under the rationale that the fish will be diverted in proportion to the amount of water that is diverted, the Delta Cross Channel (DCC) has been prescriptively closed during the winter out-migration to reduce fish entrainment and mortality into the interior delta. The fish are thought to migrate mostly at night, and so daytime operation of the DCC may allow for water diversion that minimizes fish entrainment and mortality. To assess this, the DCC gate was experimentally opened and closed while we released 2983 of the fish with acoustic transmitters upstream of the DCC to monitor their arrival and entrainment into the DCC. We used logistic regression to model night-time arrival and entrainment probabilities with covariates that included the proportion of each diel period with upstream flow, flow, rate of change in flow and water temperature. The proportion of time with upstream flow was the most important driver of night-time arrival probability, yet river flow had the largest effect on fish entrainment into the DCC. Modelling results suggest opening the DCC during daytime while keeping the DCC closed during night-time may allow for water diversion that minimizes fish entrainment into the interior delta. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Plumb, J. M.; Adams, N. S.; Perry, R. W.; Romine, J. G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Holbrook, C. M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI USA. [Blake, A. R.; Burau, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Plumb, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jplumb@usgs.gov FU CALFED Bay-Delta review panel, the California Department of Water Resources; Bay-Delta Office of the Bureau of Reclamation FX We extend much gratitude to the members of the CALFED Bay-Delta review panel, the California Department of Water Resources (Victor Pacheco) for funding the field study and the Bay-Delta Office of the Bureau of Reclamation (Erwin Van Nieuwenhuyse) for funding the analysis of the data. We also thank our colleagues at the Columbia River Research Laboratory and the California Water Science Center for their dedication, hard work and perseverance in the face of adversity. We simply could not have done it without their involvement. This article is contribution no. 1919 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 711 EP 720 DI 10.1002/rra.2885 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DK1WE UT WOS:000374704900017 ER PT J AU Starks, TA Long, JM Dzialowski, AR AF Starks, T. A. Long, J. M. Dzialowski, A. R. TI Community Structure of Age-0 Fishes in Paired Mainstem and Created Shallow-water Habitats in the Lower Missouri River SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE river restoration; larval fish communities; constructed river habitat; larval fish diversity ID SECONDARY CHANNELS; FLOW REGULATION; LOWLAND RIVER; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; RESTORATION; REHABILITATION; FRAGMENTATION; CONNECTIVITY; ZOOPLANKTON AB Anthropogenic alterations to aquatic ecosystems have greatly reduced and homogenized riverine habitat, especially those used by larval and juvenile fishes. Creation of shallow-water habitats is used as a restoration technique in response to altered conditions in several studies globally, but only recently in the USA. In the summer of 2012, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers sampled larval and juvenile fishes at six paired sites (mainstem and constructed chute shallow-water habitats) along a section of the Missouri River between Rulo, NE and St. Louis, MO, USA. From those samples, we enumerated and identified a total of 7622 fishes representing 12 families. Community responses of fishes to created shallow-water habitats were assessed by comparisons of species richness and diversity measures between paired sites and among sampling events. Shannon entropy measures were transformed, and gamma diversity (total diversity) was partitioned into two components, alpha (within community) and beta (between community) diversity using a multiplicative decomposition method. Mantel test results suggest site location, time of sampling event and habitat type were drivers of larval and juvenile community structure. Paired t-test results indicated little to no differences in beta diversity between habitat types; however, chute habitats had significantly higher alpha and gamma diversity as well as increased abundances of Asian carp larvae when compared with mainstem shallow-water habitat. Our results not only show the importance of created shallow-water habitat in promoting stream fish diversity but also highlight the role space and time may play in future restoration and management efforts. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Starks, T. A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Long, J. M.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Ecol & Management, 007 Ag Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Dzialowski, A. R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Long, JM (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Ecol & Management, 007 Ag Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM longjm@okstate.edu FU USACE; U.S. Geological Survey [G12AC20430] FX Financial support for this publication was provided by the USACE and the U.S. Geological Survey through Cooperative Agreement G12AC20430. S. Brewer and J. Perkin provided constructive comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. A. George provided invaluable training in larval fish identification, and A. Taylor provided statistical advice. The Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is a cooperation among Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, U.S. Geological Survey, USFWS and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 753 EP 762 DI 10.1002/rra.2891 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DK1WE UT WOS:000374704900021 ER PT J AU Finch, C Pine, WE Yackulic, CB Dodrill, MJ Yard, M Gerig, BS Coggins, LG Korman, J AF Finch, C. Pine, W. E., III Yackulic, C. B. Dodrill, M. J. Yard, M. Gerig, B. S. Coggins, L. G., Jr. Korman, J. TI Assessing Juvenile Native Fish Demographic Responses to a Steady Flow Experiment in a Large Regulated River SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE peaking flows; hydropower; endangered species; Colorado River; regulated river ID ENDANGERED HUMPBACK CHUB; AGE-0 RAINBOW-TROUT; COLORADO RIVER; GRAND-CANYON; GILA-CYPHA; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; SALMO-TRUTTA; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT; ARIZONA AB The Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, is part of an adaptive management programme which optimizes dam operations to improve various resources in the downstream ecosystem within Grand Canyon. Understanding how populations of federally endangered humpback chub Gila cypha respond to these dam operations is a high priority. Here, we test hypotheses concerning temporal variation in juvenile humpback chub apparent survival rates and abundance by comparing estimates between hydropeaking and steady discharge regimes over a 3-year period (July 2009-July 2012). The most supported model ignored flow type (steady vs hydropeaking) and estimated a declining trend in daily apparent survival rate across years (99.90%, 99.79% and 99.67% for 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively). Corresponding abundance of juvenile humpback chub increased temporally; open population model estimates ranged from 615 to 2802individuals/km, and closed model estimates ranged from 94 to 1515individuals/km. These changes in apparent survival and abundance may reflect broader trends, or simply represent inter-annual variation. Important findings include (i) juvenile humpback chub are currently surviving and recruiting in the mainstem Colorado River with increasing abundance; (ii) apparent survival does not benefit from steady fall discharges from Glen Canyon Dam; and (iii) direct assessment of demographic parameters for juvenile endangered fish are possible and can rapidly inform management actions in regulated rivers. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Finch, C.; Pine, W. E., III; Dodrill, M. J.; Gerig, B. S.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Yackulic, C. B.; Dodrill, M. J.; Yard, M.] US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Coggins, L. G., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 346, Bethel, AK USA. [Korman, J.] Ecometr Res, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Pine, WE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM billpine@ufl.edu FU US Bureau of Reclamation; University of Florida FX This paper was developed as part of the 'Nearshore Ecology Project' funded by US Bureau of Reclamation to the US Geological Survey Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center and the University of Florida. We would like to thank our many cooperators including Navajo Nation Department of Fish and Wildlife, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Arizona Game and Fish Department and United States National Park Service for permitting and providing technical and field assistance. We are very appreciative of our many boatmen and volunteers who assisted with this project, and we thank Humphrey Summit Support and GCMRC logistics for their many hours of hard work to make this project possible. We thank J. Hines for the assistance with the simulations and C. Walters and M. Allen for reviewing the earlier drafts of this work. We thank the University of Florida and the Florida Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit for the administrative and technical support. The use of trade, firm or corporation names in this publication is for informational use only and does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US government. NR 79 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 763 EP 775 DI 10.1002/rra.2893 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DK1WE UT WOS:000374704900022 ER PT J AU Minias, P Bateson, ZW Whittingham, LA Johnson, JA Oyler-McCance, S Dunn, PO AF Minias, P. Bateson, Z. W. Whittingham, L. A. Johnson, J. A. Oyler-McCance, S. Dunn, P. O. TI Contrasting evolutionary histories of MHC class I and class II loci in grouse-effects of selection and gene conversion SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; GREATER PRAIRIE-CHICKENS; STICKLEBACK GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; COPY NUMBER VARIATION; TRANSSPECIES POLYMORPHISM; SAGE-GROUSE; TRICHOSTRONGYLUS-TENUIS; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; RECOMBINATION DRIVE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES AB Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encode receptor molecules that are responsible for recognition of intracellular and extracellular pathogens (class I and class II genes, respectively) in vertebrates. Given the different roles of class I and II MHC genes, one might expect the strength of selection to differ between these two classes. Different selective pressures may also promote different rates of gene conversion at each class. Despite these predictions, surprisingly few studies have looked at differences between class I and II genes in terms of both selection and gene conversion. Here, we investigated the molecular evolution of MHC class I and II genes in five closely related species of prairie grouse (Centrocercus and Tympanuchus) that possess one class I and two class II loci. We found striking differences in the strength of balancing selection acting on MHC class I versus class II genes. More than half of the putative antigen-binding sites (ABS) of class II were under positive or episodic diversifying selection, compared with only 10% at class I. We also found that gene conversion had a stronger role in shaping the evolution of MHC class II than class I. Overall, the combination of strong positive (balancing) selection and frequent gene conversion has maintained higher diversity of MHC class II than class I in prairie grouse. This is one of the first studies clearly demonstrating that macroevolutionary mechanisms can act differently on genes involved in the immune response against intracellular and extracellular pathogens. C1 [Minias, P.] Univ Lodz, Dept Teacher Training & Biodivers Studies, Banacha 1-3, PL-90237 Lodz, Poland. [Minias, P.; Bateson, Z. W.; Whittingham, L. A.; Dunn, P. O.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Behav & Mol Ecol Grp, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Johnson, J. A.] Univ N Texas, Inst Appl Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Oyler-McCance, S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Minias, P (reprint author), Univ Lodz, Dept Teacher Training & Biodivers Studies, Banacha 1-3, PL-90237 Lodz, Poland. EM pminias@op.pl FU Research Growth Initiative; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Graduate School; National Science Foundation [DEB-0948695]; Fulbright Fellowship FX Funding was provided by grants from the Research Growth Initiative, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Graduate School, and National Science Foundation (DEB-0948695) to POD and LAW and a Fulbright Fellowship to PM. We thank A Spaulding, D Wolfe and J Toepfer for tissue collection. Any mention of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 117 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X EI 1365-2540 J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD MAY PY 2016 VL 116 IS 5 BP 466 EP 476 DI 10.1038/hdy.2016.6 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DJ3TT UT WOS:000374130300006 PM 26860199 ER PT J AU Herzog, MP Ackerman, JT Eagles-Smith, CA Hartman, CA AF Herzog, Mark P. Ackerman, Joshua T. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Hartman, C. Alex TI It's what's inside that counts: egg contaminant concentrations are influenced by estimates of egg density, egg volume, and fresh egg mass SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Egg density; Egg-shape coefficients; Egg volume; Fresh wet weight; Eggshell; Egg contaminants ID EGGSHELL THICKNESS; INITIAL DENSITY; BIRD EGGS; INCUBATION; CALIFORNIA; MERCURY; EMBRYO AB In egg contaminant studies, it is necessary to calculate egg contaminant concentrations on a fresh wet weight basis and this requires accurate estimates of egg density and egg volume. We show that the inclusion or exclusion of the eggshell can influence egg contaminant concentrations, and we provide estimates of egg density (both with and without the eggshell) and egg-shape coefficients (used to estimate egg volume from egg morphometrics) for American avocet (Recurvirostra americana), black-necked stilt (Himantopus mexicanus), and Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri). Egg densities (g/cm(3)) estimated for whole eggs (1.056 +/- A 0.003) were higher than egg densities estimated for egg contents (1.024 +/- A 0.001), and were 1.059 +/- A 0.001 and 1.025 +/- A 0.001 for avocets, 1.056 +/- A 0.001 and 1.023 +/- A 0.001 for stilts, and 1.053 +/- A 0.002 and 1.025 +/- A 0.002 for terns. The egg-shape coefficients for egg volume (K (v) ) and egg mass (K (w) ) also differed depending on whether the eggshell was included (K (v) = 0.491 +/- A 0.001; K (w) = 0.518 +/- A 0.001) or excluded (K (v) = 0.493 +/- A 0.001; K (w) = 0.505 +/- A 0.001), and varied among species. Although egg contaminant concentrations are rarely meant to include the eggshell, we show that the typical inclusion of the eggshell in egg density and egg volume estimates results in egg contaminant concentrations being underestimated by 6-13 %. Our results demonstrate that the inclusion of the eggshell significantly influences estimates of egg density, egg volume, and fresh egg mass, which leads to egg contaminant concentrations that are biased low. We suggest that egg contaminant concentrations be calculated on a fresh wet weight basis using only internal egg-content densities, volumes, and masses appropriate for the species. For the three waterbirds in our study, these corrected coefficients are 1.024 +/- A 0.001 for egg density, 0.493 +/- A 0.001 for K (v) , and 0.505 +/- A 0.001 for K (w) . C1 [Herzog, Mark P.; Ackerman, Joshua T.; Hartman, C. Alex] US Geol Survey, Dixon Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Herzog, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dixon Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM mherzog@usgs.gov OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285; Herzog, Mark/0000-0002-5203-2835 FU U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center; CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program FX This research was funded by U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center and the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program. We thank Sarah Stoner-Duncan and Brittany Wensky for assistance in the field and lab, and Julie Yee for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAY PY 2016 VL 25 IS 4 BP 770 EP 776 DI 10.1007/s10646-016-1635-9 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DI8ID UT WOS:000373743800014 PM 26932462 ER PT J AU Churchwell, RT Kendall, SJ Blanchard, AL Dunton, KH Powell, AN AF Churchwell, Roy T. Kendall, Steve J. Blanchard, Arny L. Dunton, Kenneth H. Powell, Abby N. TI Natural Disturbance Shapes Benthic Intertidal Macroinvertebrate Communities of High Latitude River Deltas SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Arctic delta; Benthic macroinvertebrate; Carbon nitrogen isotopes; Beaufort Sea; Intertidal; Shorebird ID FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; BEAUFORT SEA; OIL-SPILL; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; SHOREBIRD DENSITIES; MACKENZIE DELTA; CRUDE-OIL; ALASKA; PATTERNS; ICE AB Unlike lower latitude coastlines, the estuarine nearshore zones of the Alaskan Beaufort Sea are icebound and frozen up to 9 months annually. This annual freezing event represents a dramatic physical disturbance to fauna living within intertidal sediments. The main objectives of this study were to describe the benthic communities of Beaufort Sea deltas, including temporal changes and trophic structure. Understanding benthic invertebrate communities provided a baseline for concurrent research on shorebird foraging ecology at these sites. We found that despite continuous year-to-year episodes of annual freezing, these estuarine deltas are populated by a range of invertebrates that represent both marine and freshwater assemblages. Freshwater organisms like Diptera and Oligochaeta not only survive this extreme event, but a marine invasion of infaunal organisms such as Amphipoda and Polychaeta rapidly recolonizes the delta mudflats following ice ablation. These delta sediments of sand, silt, and clay are fine in structure compared to sediments of other Beaufort Sea coastal intertidal habitats. The relatively depauperate invertebrate community that ultimately develops is composed of marine and freshwater benthic invertebrates. The composition of the infauna also reflects two strategies that make life on Beaufort Sea deltas possible: a migration of marine organisms from deeper lagoons to the intertidal and freshwater biota that survive the 9-month ice-covered period in frozen sediments. Stable isotopic analyses reveal that both infaunal assemblages assimilate marine and terrestrial sources of organic carbon. These results provide some of the first quantitative information on the infaunal food resources of shallow arctic estuarine systems and the long-term persistence of these invertebrate assemblages. Our data help explain the presence of large numbers of shorebirds in these habitats during the brief summer open-water period and their trophic importance to migrating waterfowl and nearshore populations of estuarine fishes that are the basis of subsistence lifestyles by native inhabitants of the Beaufort Sea coast. C1 [Churchwell, Roy T.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kendall, Steve J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hakalau Forest Natl Wildlife Refuge, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Blanchard, Arny L.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Dunton, Kenneth H.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Churchwell, RT (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Powell, AN (reprint author), Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Powell, AN (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM rchurchw@alaska.edu; abby.powell@alaska.edu OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative; Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Institute of Arctic Biology; Manomet Conservation Sciences; Mark Wipfli aquatic invertebrate lab, Alaska Stable Isotope Facility, University of Alaska Forestry Soil Sciences Lab; Alaska Monitoring and Assessment Program FX We thank the many dedicated field technicians who helped collect samples. The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, and the Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative funded this study. We had logistical support from the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Institute of Arctic Biology, and Manomet Conservation Sciences. We had lab support from the Mark Wipfli aquatic invertebrate lab, Alaska Stable Isotope Facility, University of Alaska Forestry Soil Sciences Lab, and the Alaska Monitoring and Assessment Program. We are also thankful to the Kaktovik Inupiat Corporation for letting us conduct research on their lands and the people of the village of Kaktovik for their help and friendship. We thank Craig Davis, A. Norkko, and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful review of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2016 VL 39 IS 3 BP 798 EP 814 DI 10.1007/s12237-015-0028-2 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DI2WS UT WOS:000373360500017 ER PT J AU Okubo, CH AF Okubo, Chris H. TI Morphologic evidence of subsurface sediment mobilization and mud volcanism in Candor and Coprates Chasmata, Valles Marineris, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, surface; Tectonics; Volcanism; Geological processes ID SOUTH CASPIAN BASIN; INTERIOR LAYERED DEPOSITS; EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN SEA; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; TERRESTRIAL ANALOGS; RESURFACING HISTORY; NORTHERN APENNINES; TITHONIUM CHASMA; UTOPIA PLANITIA; ANCIENT OCEAN AB Populations of distinctive knobs, rings and lobate structures are observed in the Candor and Coprates Chasmata regions of Mars. To interpret the formation mechanisms of these landforms, I investigate their morphologies, facies, superposition and crosscutting relationships using data from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) and the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC). The knobs and rings have quasi-circular to elliptical shapes in map view, with basal diameters between several hundred meters and three kilometers. The knobs rise similar to 10 to 350 m above the surrounding terrain, while the rings are similar to 10 to 70 m tall. In three dimensions the knobs have a rounded cone shape, and some knobs exhibit a summit depression, which in some examples contains a subordinate mound. The rings have rounded to sharp crests and in some instances contain subordinate rings and mounds. The lobate structures are commonly similar to 1 to 2 km wide, similar to 3 to 5 km long and rise up to 50 m above the surrounding terrain. The lobate structures partially or completely encircle some knobs, rings and irregularly shaped rock masses. The knobs, rings and lobate structures exhibit massive and stratified facies, with some structures exhibiting both, such as a massive central rock mass surrounded by outwardly dipping layers. I interpret these landforms as mud volcanoes, injectites and mud flows based on superposition and cross-cutting relationships as well as similarities between the morphologies and facies of these landforms with terrestrial products of mud volcanism. I infer the source of sediment for this mud volcanism to be the Hesperian eolian deposits that occur within these chasmata. Further, I suggest that groundwater upwelling during the Hesperian to possibly the Early Amazonian facilitated the mobilization of these sediments within the subsurface and thereby contributed to the ensuing mud volcanism. Based on these results, I propose that the Candor Chaos formed through subsurface sediment mobilization and mud volcanism. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Okubo, Chris H.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 1541 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Okubo, CH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 1541 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cokubo@usgs.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Science Mission Directorate [NNH10AN96I, NNH11AQ101, NNH14AX991] FX C. Dundas, R. Hayward, J. Richie, and J. Skinner, provided thoughtful and helpful comments as part of the USGS internal review of this paper (IP-069444). Two anonymous external reviewers also helped to clarify and strengthen the content of this work. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Agreement nos. NNH10AN96I, NNH11AQ101 and NNH14AX991 issued through the Science Mission Directorate. NR 108 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY 1 PY 2016 VL 269 BP 23 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.12.051 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DI3QY UT WOS:000373414800003 ER PT J AU Coupe, RH Capel, PD AF Coupe, Richard H. Capel, Paul D. TI Trends in pesticide use on soybean, corn andcotton since the introduction of major genetically modified crops in the United States SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pesticide use; genetically modified crops; glyphosate; Bacillus thuringiensis ID GLYPHOSATE; HERBICIDE; IMPACTS AB BACKGROUNDGenetically modified (GM) varieties of soybean, corn and cotton have largely replaced conventional varieties in the United States. The most widely used applications of GM technology have been the development of crops that are resistant to a specific broad-spectrum herbicide (primarily glyphosate) or that produce insecticidal compounds within the plant itself. With the widespread adoption of GM crops, a decline in the use of conventional pesticides was expected. RESULTSThere has been a reduction in the annual herbicide application rate to corn since the advent of GM crops, but the herbicide application rate is mostly unchanged for cotton. Herbicide use on soybean has increased. There has been a substantial reduction in the amount of insecticides used on both corn and cotton since the introduction of GM crops. CONCLUSIONSThe observed changes in pesticide use are likely to be the result of many factors, including the introduction of GM crops, regulatory restrictions on some conventional pesticides, introduction of new pesticide technologies and changes in farming practices. In order to help protect human and environmental health and to help agriculture plan for the future, more detailed and complete documentation on pesticide use is needed on a frequent and ongoing basis. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Capel, Paul D.] US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Coupe, Richard H.] US Geol Survey, Jackson, MS USA. RP Capel, PD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN USA. EM capel@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program FX We would like to acknowledge the support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 30 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1013 EP 1022 DI 10.1002/ps.4082 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA DI6JM UT WOS:000373605000020 PM 26194175 ER PT J AU Hoover, DL Rogers, BM AF Hoover, David L. Rogers, Brendan M. TI Not all droughts are created equal: the impacts of interannual drought pattern and magnitude on grassland carbon cycling SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon fluxes; climate change; climate extremes; drought; ecosystem respiration; grassland; gross primary production ID GREAT-PLAINS GRASSLANDS; TERRESTRIAL CARBON; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; CLIMATE EXTREMES; RAINFALL REGIMES; WATER LIMITATION; SOIL-MOISTURE; RESPONSES; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEM AB Climate extremes, such as drought, may have immediate and potentially prolonged effects on carbon cycling. Grasslands store approximately one-third of all terrestrial carbon and may become carbon sources during droughts. However, the magnitude and duration of drought-induced disruptions to the carbon cycle, as well as the mechanisms responsible, remain poorly understood. Over the next century, global climate models predict an increase in two types of drought: chronic but subtle press-droughts', and shorter term but extreme pulse-droughts'. Much of our current understanding of the ecological impacts of drought comes from experimental rainfall manipulations. These studies have been highly valuable, but are often short term and rarely quantify carbon feedbacks. To address this knowledge gap, we used the Community Land Model 4.0 to examine the individual and interactive effects of pulse- and press-droughts on carbon cycling in a mesic grassland of the US Great Plains. A series of modeling experiments were imposed by varying drought magnitude (precipitation amount) and interannual pattern (press- vs. pulse-droughts) to examine the effects on carbon storage and cycling at annual to century timescales. We present three main findings. First, a single-year pulse-drought had immediate and prolonged effects on carbon storage due to differential sensitivities of ecosystem respiration and gross primary production. Second, short-term pulse-droughts caused greater carbon loss than chronic press-droughts when total precipitation reductions over a 20-year period were equivalent. Third, combining pulse- and press-droughts had intermediate effects on carbon loss compared to the independent drought types, except at high drought levels. Overall, these results suggest that interannual drought pattern may be as important for carbon dynamics as drought magnitude and that extreme droughts may have long-lasting carbon feedbacks in grassland ecosystems. C1 [Hoover, David L.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Ctr, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT USA. [Rogers, Brendan M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA USA. RP Hoover, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Ctr, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT USA. EM DLHoover@usgs.gov FU Integrated Network for Terrestrial Ecosystem Research on Feedbacks to the Atmosphere and Climate (INTERFACE) and their Student Collaborative Exchange program; US National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [2009067341]; USGS FX We would like to thank the Integrated Network for Terrestrial Ecosystem Research on Feedbacks to the Atmosphere and Climate (INTERFACE) and their Student Collaborative Exchange program for supporting this project. Precipitation data were supported by the NSF Long Term Ecological Research Program at Konza Prairie Biological Station. We would also like to thank Alan Knapp and James Randerson for providing assistance with the development of this project as well as Colorado State University and UC Irvine for institutional support. This work was funded by a US National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (ID 2009067341) to BM Rogers. Finally, we would like to thank the USGS Climate and Land Use and Ecosystems programs for providing DL Hoover with support. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 23 U2 71 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1809 EP 1820 DI 10.1111/gcb.13161 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH9QL UT WOS:000373130700011 PM 26568424 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Schumacher, W Gara, B Monteith, SE AF Stapanian, Martin A. Schumacher, William Gara, Brian Monteith, Steven E. TI Negative effects of excessive soil phosphorus on floristic quality in Ohio wetlands SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Wetland; Mehlich-3 phosphorus; Soil; Vegetation index of biological integrity; Rapid assessment method ID AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; RIPARIAN WETLANDS; VEGETATION INDEX; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; WASTE-WATER; RUNOFF; DISTURBANCE; INVASION; LAND; DENITRIFICATION AB Excessive soil nutrients, often from agricultural runoff, have been shown to negatively impact some aspects of wetland plant communities. We measured plant-available phosphorus (Mehlich-3: MeP) in soil samples, and assessed the vascular plant community and habitat degradation at 27 emergent and 13 forested wetlands in Ohio, USA. We tested two hypotheses: (1) that an index of vegetation biological integrity based on floristic quality was lower in wetlands with higher concentrations of MeP in the soil, and (2) that higher concentrations of MeP occurred in wetlands with more habitat degradation (i.e., lower quality), as estimated by a rapid assessment method. Hypothesis (1) was supported for emergent, but not for forested wetlands. Hypothesis (2) was marginally supported (P = 0.09) for emergent, but not supported for forested wetlands. The results indicate that the effect of concentration of phosphorus in wetland soils and the quality of plant species assemblages in wetlands is more complex than shown in site-specific studies and may depend in part on degree of disturbance in the surrounding watershed and dominant wetland vegetation type. Woody plants in forested wetlands are typically longer lived than herbaceous species in the understory and emergent wetlands, and may persist despite high inputs of phosphorus. Further, the forested wetlands were typically surrounded by a wide band of forest vegetation, which may provide a barrier against sedimentation and the associated phosphorus inputs to the wetland interior. Our results indicate that inferences about soil nutrient conditions made from rapid assessment methods for assessing wetland habitat condition may not be reliable. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Schumacher, William; Gara, Brian] Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, 4675 Homer Ohio Lane, Groveport, OH 43125 USA. [Monteith, Steven E.] Nat Resource Conservat Serv, USDA, 100 Centennial Mall North, Lincoln, NE 66508 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 17 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 1 PY 2016 VL 551 BP 556 EP 562 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.041 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH2BT UT WOS:000372589800058 PM 26896584 ER PT J AU Drexler, JZ Alpers, CN Neymark, LA Paces, JB Taylor, HE Fuller, CC AF Drexler, Judith Z. Alpers, Charles N. Neymark, Leonid A. Paces, James B. Taylor, Howard E. Fuller, Christopher C. TI A millennial-scale record of Pb and Hg contamination in peatlands of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE California Gold Rush; Lead; Lead isotopes; Mercury; Peat archive ID C-14 YR BP; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY DEPOSITION; SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION RATES; LEADED GASOLINE EMISSIONS; OMBROTROPHIC PEAT BOG; FRANCISCO BAY ESTUARY; JURA MOUNTAINS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ANTHROPOGENIC ENRICHMENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT AB In this paper, we provide the first record of millennial patterns of Pb and Hg concentrations on the west coast of the United States. Peat cores were collected from two micro-tidal marshes in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. Core samples were analyzed for Pb, Hg, and Ti concentrations and dated using radiocarbon and Pb-210. Pre-anthropogenic concentrations of Pb and Hg in peat ranged from 0.60 to 13.0 mu g g(-1) and from 6.9 to 71 ng g(-1), respectively. For much of the past 6000+ years, the Delta was free from anthropogenic pollution, however, beginning in similar to 1425 CE, Hg and Pb concentrations, Pb/Ti ratios, Pb enrichment factors (EFs), and HgEFs all increased. Pb isotope compositions of the peat suggest that this uptick was likely caused by smelting activities originating in Asia. The next increases in Pb and Hg contamination occurred during the California Gold Rush (beginning similar to 1850 CE), when concentrations reached their highest levels (74 mu g g(-1) Pb, 990 ng g(-1) Hg; PbEF=12 and HgEF=28). Lead concentrations increased again beginning in the similar to 1920s with the incorporation of Pb additives in gasoline. The phase-out of lead additives in the late 1980s was reflected in changes in Pb isotope ratios and reductions in Pb concentrations in the surface layers of the peat. The rise and subsequent fall of Hg contamination was also tracked by the peat archive, with the highest Hg concentrations occurring just before 1963 CE and then decreasing during the post-1963 period. Overall, the results show that the Delta was a pristine region for most of its similar to 6700-year existence; however, since similar to 1425 CE, it has received Pb and Hg contamination from both global and regional sources. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Drexler, Judith Z.; Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Neymark, Leonid A.; Paces, James B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Taylor, Howard E.] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Fuller, Christopher C.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Drexler, JZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM jdrexler@usgs.gov; cnalpers@usgs.gov; lneymark@usgs.gov; jbpaces@usgs.gov; hetaylor@usgs.gov; ccfuller@usgs.gov OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365; Fuller, Christopher/0000-0002-2354-8074 FU CALFED Science Programof the California Resources Agency [F-O3-RE-029] FX This studywas funded by the CALFED Science Programof the California Resources Agency, Agreement # F-O3-RE-029. We extend special thanks to Stephanie Wong, Christian de Fontaine, Nicole Lunning, Terry Plowman, Dale Peart, David Roth, Ronald Antweiler, and Loretta Kwak (USGS) for their assistance in the laboratory. We are grateful for the expert comments of four insightful and comprehensive STOTEN reviewers, whose input greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 118 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 1 PY 2016 VL 551 BP 738 EP 751 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.201 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH2BT UT WOS:000372589800077 PM 26918488 ER PT J AU Vanderhoof, MK Alexander, LC Todd, MJ AF Vanderhoof, Melanie K. Alexander, Laurie C. Todd, M. Jason TI Temporal and spatial patterns of wetland extent influence variability of surface water connectivity in the Prairie Pothole Region, United States SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wetland inundation; Wetland-stream connectivity; Geographically isolated wetlands; Prairie Pothole Region; Landsat; Interannual variability ID DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX; GREAT-PLAINS; NORTH-DAKOTA; SOUTH-DAKOTA; LANDSCAPES; QUALITY; TRANSFORMATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; CALIFORNIA; DATASET AB Quantifying variability in landscape-scale surface water connectivity can help improve our understanding of the multiple effects of wetlands on downstream waterways. We examined how wetland merging and the coalescence of wetlands with streams varied both spatially (among ecoregions) and interannually (from drought to deluge) across parts of the Prairie Pothole Region. Wetland extent was derived over a time series (1990-2011) using Landsat imagery. Changes in landscape-scale connectivity, generated by the physical coalescence of wetlands with other surface water features, were quantified by fusing static wetland and stream datasets with Landsat-derived wetland extent maps, and related to multiple wetness indices. The usage of Landsat allows for decadal-scale analysis, but limits the types of surface water connections that can be detected. Wetland extent correlated positively with the merging of wetlands and wetlands with streams. Wetness conditions, as defined by drought indices and runoff, were positively correlated with wetland extent, but less consistently correlated with measures of surface water connectivity. The degree of wetland-wetland merging was found to depend less on total wetland area or density, and more on climate conditions, as well as the threshold for how wetland/upland was defined. In contrast, the merging of wetlands with streams was positively correlated with stream density, and inversely related to wetland density. Characterizing the degree of surface water connectivity within the Prairie Pothole Region in North America requires consideration of (1) climate-driven variation in wetness conditions and (2) within-region variation in wetland and stream spatial arrangements. C1 [Vanderhoof, Melanie K.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, DFC, POB 25046,MS980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Alexander, Laurie C.; Todd, M. Jason] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Vanderhoof, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, DFC, POB 25046,MS980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM melvanderhoof@gmail.com FU U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment FX This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and EPA. This work was also funded by the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment. We thank Megan Lang and Greg McCarty at USDA for their logistical support, and Scott Leibowitz, Megan Lang, Jay Christensen, Heather Golden and Scot Hagerthey for their comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments to improve the manuscript. The views expressed in this manuscript are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. EPA. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 31 IS 4 BP 805 EP 824 DI 10.1007/s10980-015-0290-5 PG 20 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA DG8FZ UT WOS:000372319700009 ER PT J AU Engle, MA Reyes, FR Varonka, MS Orem, WH Ma, L Ianno, AJ Schell, TM Xu, P Carroll, KC AF Engle, Mark A. Reyes, Francisco R. Varonka, Matthew S. Orem, William H. Ma, Lin Ianno, Adam J. Schell, Tiffani M. Xu, Pei Carroll, Kenneth C. TI Geochemistry of formation waters from the Wolfcamp and "Cline" shales: Insights into brine origin, reservoir connectivity, and fluid flow in the Permian Basin, USA SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Produced water; Shale oil; Tight oil; Isotope geochemistry; Permian Basin ID SOUTHEASTERN NEW-MEXICO; PALO-DURO BASIN; COMPOSITIONAL DATA-ANALYSIS; BORON ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; COAST SEDIMENTARY BASIN; ISOLATION PILOT-PLANT; MARCELLUS SHALE; SEA-WATER; APPALACHIAN BASIN; DELAWARE BASIN AB Despite being one of the most important oil producing provinces in the United States, information on basinal hydrogeology and fluid flow in the Permian Basin of Texas and New Mexico is lacking. The source and geochemistry of brines from the basin were investigated (Ordovician-to Guadalupian-age reservoirs) by combining previously published data from conventional reservoirs with geochemical results for 39 new produced water samples, with a focus on those from shales. Salinity of the Ca-Cl-type brines in the basin generally increases with depth reaching a maximum in Devonian (median = 154 g/L) reservoirs, followed by decreases in salinity in the Silurian (median= 77 g/L) and Ordovician (median = 70 g/L) reservoirs. Isotopic data for B, O, H, and Sr and ion chemistry indicate three major types of water. Lower salinity fluids (<70 g/L) of meteoric origin in the middle and upper Permian hydrocarbon reservoirs (1.2-2.5 km depth; Guadalupian and Leonardian age) likely represent meteoric waters that infiltrated through and dissolved halite and anhydrite in the overlying evaporite layer. Saline (>100 g/L), isotopically heavy (O and H) water in Leonardian [Permian] to Pennsylvanian reservoirs (2-3.2 km depth) is evaporated, Late Permian seawater. Water from the Permian Wolfcamp and Pennsylvanian "Cline" shales, which are isotopically similar but lower in salinity and enriched in alkalis, appear to have developed their composition due to post-illitization diffusion into the shales. Samples from the "Cline" shale are further enriched with NH4, Br, I and isotopically light B, sourced from the breakdown of marine kerogen in the unit. Lower salinitywaters (<100 g/L) in Devonian and deeper reservoirs (>3 kmdepth), which plot near the modern local meteoric water line, are distinct from the water in overlying reservoirs. We propose that these deep meteoric-waters are part of a newly identified hydrogeologic unit: the Deep Basin Meteoric Aquifer System. Chemical, isotopic, and pressure data suggest that despite over-pressuring in the Wolfcamp shale, there is little potential for vertical fluid migration to the surface environment via natural conduits. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Engle, Mark A.; Varonka, Matthew S.; Orem, William H.; Schell, Tiffani M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Engle, Mark A.; Reyes, Francisco R.; Ma, Lin; Ianno, Adam J.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, 500 West Univ Ave, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Xu, Pei] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Carroll, Kenneth C.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Engle, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM engle@usgs.gov RI Carroll, Kenneth/H-5160-2011; OI Carroll, Kenneth/0000-0003-2097-9589; Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374; Varonka, Matthew/0000-0003-3620-5262 FU U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program FX Funding from this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program. The authors would like to thank Apache Corporation, CrownQuest, and Pioneer Natural Resources for access to sample their wells, valuable insight into their operations, and necessary data. Helpful conversations and feedback were provided by Elisabeth Rowan (USGS), Robert Baumgardner (Texas Bureau of Economic Geology), and Benjamin Brunner (UTEP). Assistance with fieldwork and laboratory analysis was provided by Madalyn Blondes (USGS), Tanya Gallegos (USGS), Belinda Gonzalez (UTEP), Josue Magana (NMSU), and Stephanie Ray (UTEP). Reviews by Gwen Macpherson (Univ. Kansas), Anna Martini (Amherst College), and Tina Roberts-Ashby (USGS) are acknowledged for providing critical and constructive feedback, which greatly improved the quality of this work. NR 80 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 15 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAY 1 PY 2016 VL 425 BP 76 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.01.025 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DF1WS UT WOS:000371130700006 ER PT J AU Larina, E Garb, M Landman, N Dastas, N Thibault, N Edwards, L Phillips, G Rovelli, R Myers, C Naujokaityte, J AF Larina, Ekaterina Garb, Matthew Landman, Neil Dastas, Natalie Thibault, Nicolas Edwards, Lucy Phillips, George Rovelli, Remy Myers, Corinne Naujokaityte, Jone TI Upper Maastrichtian ammonite biostratigraphy of the Gulf Coastal Plain (Mississippi Embayment, southern USA) SO CRETACEOUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ammonite biostratigraphy; Owl Creek Formation; Prairie Bluff Chalk; K/Pg; Maastrichtian; Gulf Coastal Plain ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; HOT-SPRING COUNTY; MASS EXTINCTION; ASTRONOMICAL CALIBRATION; PALEOGENE BOUNDARY; MONMOUTH COUNTY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INDIAN-OCEAN; NEW-JERSEY AB The Cretaceous outcrop belt of the Mississippi Embayment in the Gulf Coastal Plain (GCP) spans the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary. A detailed reconstruction of this time interval is critical for understanding the nature of biotic and environmental changes preceding the end-Cretaceous Mass Extinction event and for deciphering the likely extinction mechanism (i.e., bolide impact versus volcanism). Eight sections encompassing the K/Pg succession across the Mississippi Embayment were analyzed using biostratigraphic sampling of ammonites, dinoflagellates, and nannofossils. An upper Maastrichtian ammonite zonation is proposed as follows, from oldest to youngest: Discoscaphites conradi Zone, D. minardi Zone, and D. iris Zone. Our study documents that the ammonite zonation established in the Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP) extends to the GCP. This zonation is integrated with nannofossil and dinoflagellate biostratigraphy to provide a framework to more accurately determine the age relationships in this region. We demonstrate that ammonites and dinoflagellates are more reliable stratigraphic indicators in this area than nannofossils because age-diagnostic nannofossils are not consistently present within the upper Maastrichtian in the GCP. This biostratigraphic framework has the potential to become a useful tool for correlation of strata both within the GCP and between the GCP, Western Interior, and ACP. The presence of the uppermost Maastrichtian ammonite D. iris, calcareous nannofossil Micula prinsii, and dinoflagellates Palynodinium grallator and Disphaerogena carposphaeropsis suggests that the K/Pg succession in the GCP is nearly complete. Consequently, the GCP is an excellent setting for investigating fine scale temporal changes across the K/Pg boundary and ultimately elucidating the mechanisms causing extinction. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Larina, Ekaterina] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90018 USA. [Garb, Matthew; Dastas, Natalie; Naujokaityte, Jone] CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. [Landman, Neil] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Paleontol Invertebrates, 79th St & Cent Pk West, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Thibault, Nicolas] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Oster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen C, Denmark. [Edwards, Lucy] US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Phillips, George] Museum Nat Sci, Conservat Biol Sect, 2148 Riverside Dr, Jackson, MS 39202 USA. [Rovelli, Remy; Myers, Corinne] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Landman, Neil; Dastas, Natalie] CUNY, Earth & Environm Sci, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Larina, E (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90018 USA. EM elarina@usc.edu RI Thibault, Nicolas/B-1106-2013 OI Thibault, Nicolas/0000-0003-4147-5531 FU N. D. Newell Fund (AMNH); Lerner-Gray Scholarship (AMNH); Richard K. Bambach Scholarship (Paleontological Society); James Welch Scholarship (MPS); National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program [2013171808] FX Extended gratitude to John Chamberlain for proofreading a previous draft. We thank Charles Smith, Jonathan Bryan, Carl Campbell, Caitlin Boas, Susan Klofak, Jocelyn Sessa, Katja Knoll, Carson Sloan, Anastasia Danilova, Shannon Brophy and Joshua Slattery for assistance in the field and constructive discussions. Steve Thurston was invaluable for assistance with the photography and figures. We are grateful to Evan Alexieff who helped with the preparation and identification of specimens. Special thanks to all the property owners for giving access to the sites; Allan and Betty Carrol (Owl Creek Type Locality), Charlie Gardner (site manager of the Prairie Bluff Landfill), John Henderson (owner of the Mooseland site), W.C. Smallwood (owner of the 4th Street locality), and Bruce Stinchcomb (owner of the Crowley's Ridge site). We would also like to thank Carson Sloan for his assistance in accessing the Malvern site. Without the kind assistance of all the aforementioned people, this project would not be possible. We greatly appreciate the thoughtful reviews by an anonymous referee and by Birgit Niebuhr. We would like to thank David Bottjer and Frank Corsetti for proofreading a previous draft and providing constructive suggestions. This project was supported by the N. D. Newell Fund (AMNH), Lerner-Gray Scholarship (AMNH), Richard K. Bambach Scholarship (Paleontological Society), and James Welch Scholarship (MPS). This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. 2013171808. NR 117 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6671 EI 1095-998X J9 CRETACEOUS RES JI Cretac. Res. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 60 BP 128 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.cretres.2015.11.010 PG 24 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA DD7JC UT WOS:000370098900008 ER PT J AU Nagler, PL Doody, TM Glenn, EP Jarchow, CJ Barreto-Munoz, A Didan, K AF Nagler, Pamela L. Doody, Tanya M. Glenn, Edward P. Jarchow, Christopher J. Barreto-Munoz, Armando Didan, Kamel TI Wide-area estimates of evapotranspiration by red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and associated vegetation in the Murray-Darling River Basin, Australia SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; Landsat; Enhanced Vegetation Index; Murray-Darling Basin; Riparian; MODIS; environmental flows ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; MURRUMBIDGEE RIVER; ARID AUSTRALIA; TAMARIX SPP.; WATER; ECOSYSTEMS; MODIS; FLOODPLAIN; WETLAND AB Floodplain red gum forests (Eucalyptus camaldulensis plus associated grasses, reeds and sedges) are sites of high biodiversity in otherwise arid regions of southeastern Australia. They depend on periodic floods from rivers, but dams and diversions have reduced flood frequencies and volumes, leading to deterioration of trees and associated biota. There is a need to determine their water requirements so environmental flows can be administered to maintain or restore the forests. Their water requirements include the frequency and extent of overbank flooding, which recharges the floodplain soils with water, as well as the actual amount of water consumed in evapotranspiration (ET). We estimated the flooding requirements and ET for a 38134ha area of red gum forest fed by the Murrumbidgee River in Yanga National Park, New South Wales. ET was estimated by three methods: sap flux sensors placed in individual trees; a remote sensing method based on the Enhanced Vegetation Index from MODIS satellite imagery and a water balance method based on differences between river flows into and out of the forest. The methods gave comparable estimates yet covered different spatial and temporal scales. We estimated flood frequency and volume requirements by comparing Normalized Difference Vegetation Index values from Landsat images with flood history from 1995 to 2014, which included both wet periods and dry periods. ET during wet years is about 50% of potential ET but is much less in dry years because of the trees' ability to control stomatal conductance. Based on our analyses plus other studies, red gum trees at this location require environmental flows of 2000GLyr(-1) every other year, with peak flows of 20000MLd(-1), to produce flooding sufficient to keep them in good condition. However, only about 120-200GLyr(-1) of river water is consumed in ET, with the remainder flowing out of the forest where it enters the Murray River system. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Nagler, Pamela L.; Jarchow, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 1110 E South Campus Dr,Room 123, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Doody, Tanya M.] CSIRO, Land & Water, Waite Road Gate 4, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia. [Glenn, Edward P.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, 2601 E Airport Dr, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Barreto-Munoz, Armando; Didan, Kamel] Univ Arizona, Vegetat Index & Phenol Lab, Elect & Comp Engn, 1230 E Speedway, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Nagler, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 1110 E South Campus Dr,Room 123, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pamela.nagler@csiro.au RI doody, tanya/C-6890-2011 FU Commonwealth Science Industry Research Organization (CSIRO); U.S. Geological Survey FX This work would not have been possible without the OCE Award granted in 2013 by the Commonwealth Science Industry Research Organization (CSIRO) and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We are especially grateful to the reviewers who provided very insightful comments. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 14 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD APR 30 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1376 EP 1387 DI 10.1002/hyp.10734 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DJ7HZ UT WOS:000374383800006 ER PT J AU Weiser, EL Lanctot, RB Brown, SC Alves, JA Battley, PF Bentzen, R Bety, J Bishop, MA Boldenow, M Bollache, L Casler, B Christie, M Coleman, JT Conklin, JR English, WB Gates, HR Gilg, O Giroux, MA Gosbell, K Hassell, C Helmericks, J Johnson, A Katrinardottir, B Koivula, K Kwon, E Lamarre, JF Lang, J Lank, DB Lecomte, N Liebezeit, J Loverti, V McKinnon, L Minton, C Mizrahi, D Nol, E Pakanen, VM Perz, J Porter, R Rausch, J Reneerkens, J Ronka, N Saalfeld, S Senner, N Sittler, B Smith, PA Sowl, K Taylor, A Ward, DH Yezerinac, S Sandercock, BK AF Weiser, Emily L. Lanctot, Richard B. Brown, Stephen C. Alves, Jose A. Battley, Phil F. Bentzen, Rebecca Bety, Joel Bishop, Mary Anne Boldenow, Megan Bollache, Loic Casler, Bruce Christie, Maureen Coleman, Jonathan T. Conklin, Jesse R. English, Willow B. Gates, H. River Gilg, Olivier Giroux, Marie-Andree Gosbell, Ken Hassell, Chris Helmericks, Jim Johnson, Andrew Katrinardottir, Borgny Koivula, Kari Kwon, Eunbi Lamarre, Jean-Francois Lang, Johannes Lank, David B. Lecomte, Nicolas Liebezeit, Joe Loverti, Vanessa McKinnon, Laura Minton, Clive Mizrahi, David Nol, Erica Pakanen, Veli-Matti Perz, Johanna Porter, Ron Rausch, Jennie Reneerkens, Jeroen Ronka, Nelli Saalfeld, Sarah Senner, Nathan Sittler, Benoit Smith, Paul A. Sowl, Kristine Taylor, Audrey Ward, David H. Yezerinac, Stephen Sandercock, Brett K. TI Effects of geolocators on hatching success, return rates, breeding movements, and change in body mass in 16 species of Arctic-breeding shorebirds SO MOVEMENT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Breeding success; Geologger; Global location sensor (GLS); Research impacts; Return rates; Tracking methods; Waders ID PLOVERS PLUVIALIS-FULVA; CALIDRIS-CANUTUS-RUFA; MATE FIDELITY; SITE-TENACITY; MIGRATORY BIRDS; TRACKING; DISPERSAL; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR; NORTH AB Background: Geolocators are useful for tracking movements of long-distance migrants, but potential negative effects on birds have not been well studied. We tested for effects of geolocators (0.8-2.0 g total, representing 0.1-3.9 % of mean body mass) on 16 species of migratory shorebirds, including five species with 2-4 subspecies each for a total of 23 study taxa. Study species spanned a range of body sizes (26-1091 g) and eight genera, and were tagged at 23 breeding and eight nonbreeding sites. We compared breeding performance and return rates of birds with geolocators to control groups while controlling for potential confounding variables. Results: We detected negative effects of tags for three small-bodied species. Geolocators reduced annual return rates for two of 23 taxa: by 63 % for semipalmated sandpipers and by 43 % for the arcticola subspecies of dunlin. High resighting effort for geolocator birds could have masked additional negative effects. Geolocators were more likely to negatively affect return rates if the total mass of geolocators and color markers was 2.5-5.8 % of body mass than if tags were 0.3-2.3 % of body mass. Carrying a geolocator reduced nest success by 42 % for semipalmated sandpipers and tripled the probability of partial clutch failure in semipalmated and western sandpipers. Geolocators mounted perpendicular to the leg on a flag had stronger negative effects on nest success than geolocators mounted parallel to the leg on a band. However, parallel-band geolocators were more likely to reduce return rates and cause injuries to the leg. No effects of geolocators were found on breeding movements or changes in body mass. Among-site variation in geolocator effect size was high, suggesting that local factors were important. Conclusions: Negative effects of geolocators occurred only for three of the smallest species in our dataset, but were substantial when present. Future studies could mitigate impacts of tags by reducing protruding parts and minimizing use of additional markers. Investigators could maximize recovery of tags by strategically deploying geolocators on males, previously marked individuals, and successful breeders, though targeting subsets of a population could bias the resulting migratory movement data in some species. C1 [Weiser, Emily L.; Kwon, Eunbi; Sandercock, Brett K.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Lanctot, Richard B.; Gates, H. River; Saalfeld, Sarah] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Brown, Stephen C.; Gates, H. River] Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA USA. [Alves, Jose A.] Univ Aveiro, CESAM, Campus Univ Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal. [Alves, Jose A.] Univ Iceland, South Iceland Res Ctr, Selfoss, Iceland. [Battley, Phil F.] Massey Univ, Inst Agr & Environm, Ecol Grp, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Bentzen, Rebecca] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Bety, Joel; Giroux, Marie-Andree; Lamarre, Jean-Francois] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Rimouski, PQ, Canada. [Bety, Joel; Giroux, Marie-Andree; Lamarre, Jean-Francois] Univ Quebec, Ctr Etud Nord, Rimouski, PQ, Canada. [Bishop, Mary Anne] Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, Cordova, AK USA. [Boldenow, Megan] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Bollache, Loic] Univ Bourgogne Franche Comte, Dijon, France. [Bollache, Loic] CNRS, UMR 6249, Lab Chronoenvironm, Besancon, France. [Bollache, Loic; Gilg, Olivier; Lang, Johannes; Sittler, Benoit] Grp Rech Ecol Arctique, Francheville, France. [Christie, Maureen; Gosbell, Ken; Minton, Clive] Victorian Wader Study Grp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Coleman, Jonathan T.] Queensland Wader Study Grp, Shailer Pk, Qld, Australia. [Conklin, Jesse R.; Reneerkens, Jeroen] Univ Groningen, GELIFES, Chair Global Flyway Ecol Conservat Ecol Grp, Groningen, Netherlands. [English, Willow B.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC, Canada. [Gates, H. River] ABR Inc, Environm Res & Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Gilg, Olivier] Univ Bourgogne, Lab Biogeosci, Dijon, France. [Giroux, Marie-Andree; Lecomte, Nicolas] Univ Moncton, Canada Res Chair Polar & Boreal Ecol, Moncton, NB, Canada. [Gosbell, Ken; Hassell, Chris; Minton, Clive] Australasian Wader Studies Grp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Hassell, Chris] Global Flyway Network, Broome, WA, Australia. [Helmericks, Jim] Helmericks Homestead, Colville Village, AK USA. [Johnson, Andrew] Cornell Univ, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Katrinardottir, Borgny] Iceland Inst Nat Hist, Ecol Dept, Gardabaer, Iceland. [Koivula, Kari; Pakanen, Veli-Matti; Ronka, Nelli] Univ Oulu, Dept Ecol, Oulu, Finland. [Lang, Johannes] Inst Anim Ecol & Nat Educ, Gonterskirchen, Germany. [Lank, David B.] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Burnaby, BC, Canada. [Liebezeit, Joe] Audubon Soc Portland, Portland, OR USA. [Loverti, Vanessa] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR USA. [McKinnon, Laura; Nol, Erica; Perz, Johanna] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [McKinnon, Laura] York Univ Glendon Campus, Dept Multidisciplinary Studies, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Mizrahi, David] New Jersey Audubon Soc, Cape May, NJ USA. [Porter, Ron] Delaware Bay Shorebird Project, Ambler, PA USA. [Rausch, Jennie] Environm Canada, Yellowknife, NT, Canada. [Reneerkens, Jeroen] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Arctic Res Ctr, Roskilde, Denmark. [Senner, Nathan] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Sittler, Benoit] Univ Freiburg, Inst Landespflege, Freiburg, Germany. [Smith, Paul A.] Environm Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Sowl, Kristine] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, Bethel, AK USA. [Taylor, Audrey] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Anchorage, AK USA. [Ward, David H.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Weiser, EL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM Emily.L.Weiser@gmail.com RI CESAM, UA/M-3762-2015; Pakanen, Veli-Matti/L-8134-2015; Reneerkens, Jeroen/J-3880-2015; GILG, Olivier/C-2588-2008; Sandercock, Brett/L-1644-2016 OI Reneerkens, Jeroen/0000-0003-0674-8143; GILG, Olivier/0000-0002-9083-4492; Weiser, Emily/0000-0003-1598-659X; Sandercock, Brett/0000-0002-9240-0268 NR 80 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 34 U2 40 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 2051-3933 J9 MOV ECOL JI Mov. Ecol. PD APR 29 PY 2016 VL 4 AR UNSP 12 DI 10.1186/s40462-016-0077-6 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU0ZD UT WOS:000381933100001 PM 27134752 ER PT J AU Mann, ML Batllori, E Moritz, MA Waller, EK Berck, P Flint, AL Flint, LE Dolfi, E AF Mann, Michael L. Batllori, Enric Moritz, Max A. Waller, Eric K. Berck, Peter Flint, Alan L. Flint, Lorraine E. Dolfi, Emmalee TI Incorporating Anthropogenic Influences into Fire Probability Models: Effects of Human Activity and Climate Change on Fire Activity in California SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; SPATIAL SCALES; UNITED-STATES; WILDFIRE; IMPACT; PRECIPITATION; PATTERNS; DRIVERS; ECOLOGY AB The costly interactions between humans and wildfires throughout California demonstrate the need to understand the relationships between them, especially in the face of a changing climate and expanding human communities. Although a number of statistical and process-based wildfire models exist for California, there is enormous uncertainty about the location and number of future fires, with previously published estimates of increases ranging from nine to fifty-three percent by the end of the century. Our goal is to assess the role of climate and anthropogenic influences on the state's fire regimes from 1975 to 2050. We develop an empirical model that integrates estimates of biophysical indicators relevant to plant communities and anthropogenic influences at each forecast time step. Historically, we find that anthropogenic influences account for up to fifty percent of explanatory power in the model. We also find that the total area burned is likely to increase, with burned area expected to increase by 2.2 and 5.0 percent by 2050 under climatic bookends (PCM and GFDL climate models, respectively). Our two climate models show considerable agreement, but due to potential shifts in rainfall patterns, substantial uncertainty remains for the semiarid inland deserts and coastal areas of the south. Given the strength of human-related variables in some regions, however, it is clear that comprehensive projections of future fire activity should include both anthropogenic and biophysical influences. Previous findings of substantially increased numbers of fires and burned area for California may be tied to omitted variable bias from the exclusion of human influences. The omission of anthropogenic variables in our model would overstate the importance of climatic ones by at least 24%. As such, the failure to include anthropogenic effects in many models likely overstates the response of wildfire to climatic change. C1 [Mann, Michael L.; Dolfi, Emmalee] George Washington Univ, Dept Geog, Washington, DC USA. [Mann, Michael L.; Moritz, Max A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Batllori, Enric] CSIC CTFC CREAF, InForest Joint Res Unit, CEMFOR CTFC, E-25280 Solsona, Spain. [Batllori, Enric] CREAF, E-08193 Cerdanyola Del Valles, Spain. [Waller, Eric K.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Berck, Peter] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Flint, Alan L.; Flint, Lorraine E.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Mann, ML (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Geog, Washington, DC USA.; Mann, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mmann1123@gwu.edu OI Mann, Michael/0000-0002-6268-6867; Batllori, Enric/0000-0002-2130-0489 FU Nature Conservancy; Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship FX This work was supported by The Nature Conservancy (http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/ california/) to MAM, and a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship to EB. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; We are grateful to The Nature Conservancy for their generous support. E.B. also thanks the support of a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 17 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 28 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 4 AR e0153589 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0153589 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DK8XE UT WOS:000375211700019 PM 27124597 ER PT J AU Sharma, S Magnuson, JJ Batt, RD Winslow, LA Korhonen, J Aono, Y AF Sharma, Sapna Magnuson, John J. Batt, Ryan D. Winslow, Luke A. Korhonen, Johanna Aono, Yasuyuki TI Direct observations of ice seasonality reveal changes in climate over the past 320-570 years SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; RIVER-ICE; LAKE DISTRICTS; TEMPERATURE; TRENDS; HEMISPHERE; COVER; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; JAPAN AB Lake and river ice seasonality (dates of ice freeze and breakup) responds sensitively to climatic change and variability. We analyzed climate-related changes using direct human observations of ice freeze dates (1443-2014) for Lake Suwa, Japan, and of ice breakup dates (1693-2013) for Torne River, Finland. We found a rich array of changes in ice seasonality of two inland waters from geographically distant regions: namely a shift towards later ice formation for Suwa and earlier spring melt for Torne, increasing frequencies of years with warm extremes, changing inter-annual variability, waning of dominant interdecadal quasi-periodic dynamics, and stronger correlations of ice seasonality with atmospheric CO2 concentration and air temperature after the start of the Industrial Revolution. Although local factors, including human population growth, land use change, and water management influence Suwa and Torne, the general patterns of ice seasonality are similar for both systems, suggesting that global processes including climate change and variability are driving the long-term changes in ice seasonality. C1 [Sharma, Sapna] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M3P 1J3, Canada. [Magnuson, John J.; Batt, Ryan D.; Winslow, Luke A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Batt, Ryan D.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Winslow, Luke A.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Korhonen, Johanna] Finnish Environm Inst, Freshwater Ctr, FI-00260 Helsinki, Finland. [Aono, Yasuyuki] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Osaka 5998531, Japan. RP Sharma, S (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M3P 1J3, Canada. EM sharma11@yorku.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; York University; North Temperate Lakes Long Term Ecological Research Program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison; U.S. National Science Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey Office of Water Information; Rutgers Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences; Cooperative Institute of the North Atlantic Region [A101058 from the] FX We thank Drs Tadashi Arai and Takayuki Hanazato for providing a closer view of Lake Suwa and the generation of the remarkable dataset. We thank Mr. Kiyoshi Miyasaki, the priest at Yatsurugi Jinja Shrine and Tenaga Jinja Shrine for providing recent Suwa ice data; Drs. Barbara Benson and Jonathan Ruppert for their work in the early phases of the project; Masami Nii Glines, Asuka Momose, Naomi Shiraishi, and Mayu Takasaki for their translations of Japanese text; and John Kutzbach for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. We acknowledge the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, York University, the North Temperate Lakes Long Term Ecological Research Program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S. Geological Survey Office of Water Information, and Rutgers Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences and grant #A101058 from the Cooperative Institute of the North Atlantic Region for funding. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD APR 26 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 25061 DI 10.1038/srep25061 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DK3PW UT WOS:000374830600002 PM 27113125 ER PT J AU Jiang, J DeAngelis, DL Teh, SY Krauss, KW Wang, HQ Li, HD Smith, TJ Koh, HL AF Jiang, Jiang DeAngelis, Donald L. Teh, Su-Yean Krauss, Ken W. Wang, Hongqing Li, Haidong Smith, Thomas J., III Koh, Hock-Lye TI Defining the next generation modeling of coastal ecotone dynamics in response to global change SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Coastal habitat; Vegetation change; Ecotone migration; Sea level rise; Feedback ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SURFACE ELEVATION DYNAMICS; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; WATER FORESTED WETLANDS; FRESH-WATER; MANGROVE FORESTS; ESTUARINE WETLANDS; VEGETATION CHANGE; SOIL ELEVATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Coastal ecosystems are especially vulnerable to global change; e.g., sea level rise (SLR) and extreme events. Over the past century, global change has resulted in salt-tolerant (halophytic) plant species migrating into upland salt-intolerant (glycophytic) dominated habitats along major rivers and large wetland expanses along the coast. While habitat transitions can be abrupt, modeling the specific drivers of abrupt change between halophytic and glycophytic vegetation is not a simple task. Correlative studies, which dominate the literature, are unlikely to establish ultimate causation for habitat shifts, and do not generate strong predictive capacity for coastal land managers and climate change adaptation exercises. In this paper, we first review possible drivers of ecotone shifts for coastal wetlands, our understanding of which has expanded rapidly in recent years. Any exogenous factor that increases growth or establishment of halophytic species will favor the ecotone boundary moving upslope. However, internal feedbacks between vegetation and the environment, through which vegetation modifies the local microhabitat (e.g., by changing salinity or surface elevation), can either help the system become resilient to future changes or strengthen ecotone migration. Following this idea, we review a succession of models that have provided progressively better insight into the relative importance of internal positive feedbacks versus external environmental factors. We end with developing a theoretical model to show that both abrupt environmental gradients and internal positive feedbacks can generate the sharp ecotonal boundaries that we commonly see, and we demonstrate that the responses to gradual global change (e.g., SLR) can be quite diverse. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiang, Jiang] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Teh, Su-Yean] Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Math Sci, George Town 11800, Malaysia. [Krauss, Ken W.; Wang, Hongqing] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Li, Haidong] Minist Environm Protect, Nanjing Inst Environm Sci, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 600 Fourth St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Koh, Hock-Lye] UCSI Univ, Off DVC Res & Postgrad Studies, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia. RP Jiang, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ecologyjiang@gmail.com RI Teh, Su Yean/B-3892-2011; OI Teh, Su Yean/0000-0003-4404-661X; Wang, Hongqing/0000-0002-2977-7732 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0010562]; Postdoctoral Fellow at the NIMBioS (NSF) [DBI-1300426]; FISCHS Project at the USGS; USGS Ecosystems Mapping; USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science; USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program; Natural Science Foundation of China [41301611]; Jiangsu Province [BK20130103]; [305/PMATHS/613418]; [203/PMATHS/6730101] FX We thank Karen L. McKee and William C. Vervaeke for sharing their temperature data from the Louisiana mangrove and salt marsh ecotone. Comments from two reviewers were much appreciated. JJ was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Award Number DE-SC0010562 and Postdoctoral Fellow at the NIMBioS (NSF Award No. DBI-1300426). DLD and TJS were partially supported by the FISCHS Project at the USGS, funded by USGS Ecosystems Mapping and the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science. KWK and HW were partially supported by the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. SYT and HLK were partially supported by the grants 305/PMATHS/613418 and 203/PMATHS/6730101. HL was partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41301611) and Jiangsu Province (BK20130103). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 79 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 12 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR 24 PY 2016 VL 326 SI SI BP 168 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.04.013 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH4RG UT WOS:000372772500017 ER PT J AU Talbot, SL Sage, GK Rearick, JR Fowler, MC Muniz-Salazar, R Baibak, B Wyllie-Echeverria, S Cabello-Pasini, A Ward, DH AF Talbot, Sandra L. Sage, George K. Rearick, Jolene R. Fowler, Meg C. Muniz-Salazar, Raquel Baibak, Bethany Wyllie-Echeverria, Sandy Cabello-Pasini, Alejandro Ward, David H. TI The Structure of Genetic Diversity in Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) along the North Pacific and Bering Sea Coasts of Alaska SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; GLACIAL REFUGIA; HETEROZOSTERA ZOSTERACEAE; HYDROPHILOUS ANGIOSPERMS; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; GEOGRAPHIC DISTANCE; COALESCENT APPROACH; COMPUTER-PROGRAM AB Eelgrass (Zostera marina) populations occupying coastal waters of Alaska are separated by a peninsula and island archipelago into two Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs). From populations in both LMEs, we characterize genetic diversity, population structure, and polarity in gene flow using nuclear microsatellite fragment and chloroplast and nuclear sequence data. An inverse relationship between genetic diversity and latitude was observed (heterozygosity: R-2 = 0.738, P < 0.001; allelic richness: R-2 = 0.327, P = 0.047), as was significant genetic partitioning across most sampling sites (theta = 0.302, P < 0.0001). Variance in allele frequency was significantly partitioned by region only in cases when a population geographically in the Gulf of Alaska LME (Kinzarof Lagoon) was instead included with populations in the Eastern Bering Sea LME (theta(p) = 0.128-0.172; P < 0.003), suggesting gene flow between the two LMEs in this region. Gene flow among locales was rarely symmetrical, with notable exceptions generally following net coastal ocean current direction. Genetic data failed to support recent proposals that multiple Zostera species (i.e. Z. japonica and Z. angustifolia) are codistributed with Z. marina in Alaska. Comparative analyses also failed to support the hypothesis that eelgrass populations in the North Atlantic derived from eelgrass retained in northeastern Pacific Last Glacial Maximum refugia. These data suggest northeastern Pacific populations are derived from populations expanding northward from temperate populations following climate amelioration at the terminus of the last Pleistocene glaciation. C1 [Talbot, Sandra L.; Sage, George K.; Rearick, Jolene R.; Fowler, Meg C.; Ward, David H.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Rearick, Jolene R.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Muniz-Salazar, Raquel] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Escuela Ciencias Salud, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Baibak, Bethany] Humboldt State Univ, Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Wyllie-Echeverria, Sandy] Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. [Wyllie-Echeverria, Sandy] Univ Virgin Islands, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI USA. [Cabello-Pasini, Alejandro] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Tijuana, CA, Mexico. RP Talbot, SL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. EM stalbot@usgs.gov FU Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey; Universidad Autonoma de Baja California [4033, 4023]; Ramsar Convention on Wetlands [WFF/00-2/MEX/3] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey to SLT, the Universidad Autonoma de Baja California (#4033, #4023) to RMS and ACP and Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (WFF/00-2/MEX/3) to DHW. NR 161 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 22 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 4 AR e0152701 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0152701 PG 31 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DJ9WX UT WOS:000374565100005 PM 27104836 ER PT J AU Janousek, CN Buffington, KJ Thorne, KM Guntenspergen, GR Takekawa, JY Dugger, BD AF Janousek, Christopher N. Buffington, Kevin J. Thorne, Karen M. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. Takekawa, John Y. Dugger, Bruce D. TI Potential effects of sea-level rise on plant productivity: species-specific responses in northeast Pacific tidal marshes SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Marsh organs; Plant biomass; Root-to-shoot ratio; Tidal wetlands; Zonation ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; CORDGRASS SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; SALICORNIA-VIRGINICA L; ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; COASTAL WETLANDS; SARCOCORNIA-PACIFICA; INCREASED INUNDATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FOLIOSA TRIN; ELEVATED CO2 AB Coastal wetland plants are adapted to varying degrees of inundation. However, functional relationships between inundation and productivity are poorly characterized for most species. Determining species-specific tolerances to inundation is necessary to evaluate sea-level rise (SLR) effects on future marsh plant community composition, quantify organic matter inputs to marsh accretion, and inform predictive modeling of tidal wetland persistence. In 2 macrotidal estuaries in the northeast Pacific we grew 5 common species in experimental mesocosms across a gradient of tidal elevations to assess effects on growth. We also tested whether species abundance distributions along elevation gradients in adjacent marshes matched productivity profiles in the mesocosms. We found parabolic relationships between inundation and total plant biomass and shoot counts in Spartina foliosa and Bolboschoenus maritimus in California, USA, and in Carex lyngbyei in Oregon, USA, with maximum total plant biomass occurring at 38, 28, and 15% time submerged, respectively. However, biomass of Salicornia pacifica and Juncus balticus declined monotonically with increasing inundation. Inundation effects on the ratio of belowground to aboveground biomass varied inconsistently among species. In comparisons of field distributions with mesocosm results, B. maritimus, C. lyngbyei and J. balticus were abundant in marshes at or above elevations corresponding with their maximum productivity; however, S. foliosa and S. pacifica were frequently abundant at lower elevations corresponding with sub-optimal productivity. Our findings show species-level differences in how marsh plant growth may respond to future SLR and highlight the sensitivity of high marsh species such as S. pacifica and J. balticus to increases in flooding. C1 [Janousek, Christopher N.; Buffington, Kevin J.; Dugger, Bruce D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Janousek, Christopher N.; Buffington, Kevin J.; Thorne, Karen M.; Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] Natl Audubon Soc, Div Sci, 220 Montgomery St, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. RP Janousek, CN (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.; Janousek, CN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM janousec@onid.oregonstate.edu FU Southwest and Northwest Climate Science Center (SWCSC) of the US Department of the Interior; Southwest and Northwest Climate Science Center (NWCSC) of the US Department of the Interior; DOI On The Landscape program; USGS Climate and Land-Use Research and Development Program; USGS Western Ecological Research Center in partnership; Oregon State University; NWCSC graduate fellowship FX The project described in this publication was supported by the Southwest and Northwest Climate Science Centers (SWCSC and NWCSC) of the US Department of the Interior, the DOI On The Landscape program, the USGS Climate and Land-Use Research and Development Program, the USGS Western Ecological Research Center in partnership with Oregon State University and a NWCSC graduate fellowship to K.J.B. The US EPA loaned conductivity loggers used in this study and the US Fish and Wildlife Service and California Department of Fish and Wildlife approved site access. We thank W. Chan, J. Converse, S. de la Cruz, L. Curry, C. Davis, J. Day, J. Donald, T. Endicott, M. Hammett, M. Hill, L. Hollander, K. Lovett, B. McKay, C. Norton, K. Powelson, Y. Sanchez, E. Schultz, A. Stargel, D. Steele, S. Stephensen and especially T. Edgarian for research assistance. K. Byrd, J. Yee and anonymous reviewers kindly provided comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USA Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NWCSC or SWCSC. The United States Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints of this article for governmental purposes. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 25 U2 36 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD APR 21 PY 2016 VL 548 BP 111 EP 125 DI 10.3354/meps11683 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DM5GF UT WOS:000376375000008 ER PT J AU Bergman, PS Schumer, G Blankenship, S Campbell, E AF Bergman, Paul S. Schumer, Gregg Blankenship, Scott Campbell, Elizabeth TI Detection of Adult Green Sturgeon Using Environmental DNA Analysis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SURVEY TOOL; EDNA AB Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an emerging sampling method that has been used successfully for detection of rare aquatic species. The Identification of sampling tools that are less stressful for target organisms has become increasingly important for rare and endangered species. A decline in abundance of the Southern Distinct Population Segment (DPS) of North American Green Sturgeon located in California's Central Valley has led to its listing as Threatened under the Federal Endangered Species Act in 2006. While visual surveys of spawning Green Sturgeon in the Central Valley are effective at monitoring fish densities in concentrated pool habitats, results do not scale well to the watershed level, providing limited spatial and temporal context. Unlike most traditional survey methods, environmental DNA analysis provides a relatively quick, inexpensive tool that could efficiently monitor the presence and distribution of aquatic species. We positively identified Green Sturgeon DNA at two locations of known presence in the Sacramento River, proving that eDNA can be effective for monitoring the presence of adult sturgeon. While further study is needed to understand uncertainties of the sampling method, our study represents the first documented detection of Green Sturgeon eDNA, indicating that eDNA analysis could provide a new tool for monitoring Green Sturgeon distribution in the Central Valley, complimenting traditional on-going survey methods. C1 [Bergman, Paul S.; Schumer, Gregg; Blankenship, Scott] Cramer Fish Sci, West Sacramento, CA USA. [Campbell, Elizabeth] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anadromous Fish Restorat Program, Lodi, CA USA. RP Bergman, PS (reprint author), Cramer Fish Sci, West Sacramento, CA USA. EM pbergman@fishsciences.net FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife (USFWS) Service grant [813329G011] FX This study was funded exclusively through a U.S. Fish and Wildlife (USFWS) Service grant, award number 813329G011. Except for USFWS employee and author EB, no other funders played a role in the study to develop study design, conduct data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or prepare the manuscript. Cramer Fish Sciences provided support in the form of salaries for authors PB, SB, and GS, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 20 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 4 AR e0153500 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0153500 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DJ9OU UT WOS:000374543600040 PM 27096433 ER PT J AU Stamps, BW Lyles, CN Suflita, JM Masoner, JR Cozzarelli, IM Kolpin, DW Stevenson, BS AF Stamps, Blake W. Lyles, Christopher N. Suflita, Joseph M. Masoner, Jason R. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Kolpin, Dana W. Stevenson, Bradley S. TI Municipal Solid Waste Landfills Harbor Distinct Microbiomes SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE landfill; leachate; microbiome; microbial ecology; chemicals of emerging concern ID PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; EMERGING CONCERN; SEQUENCE DATA; COMMUNITY; LEACHATE; CULTIVATION; SAMPLES; PHYLUM; REFUSE AB Landfills are the final repository for most of the discarded material from human society and its "built environments." Microorganisms subsequently degrade this discarded material in the landfill, releasing gases (largely CH4 and CO2) and a complex mixture of soluble chemical compounds in leachate. Characterization of "landfill microbiomes" and their comparison across several landfills should allow the identification of environmental or operational properties that influence the composition of these microbiomes and potentially their biodegradation capabilities. To this end, the composition of landfill microbiomes was characterized as part of an ongoing USGS national survey studying the chemical composition of leachates from 19 non -hazardous landfills across 16 states in the continental U.S. The landfills varied in parameters such as size, waste composition, management strategy, geography, and climate zone. The diversity and composition of bacterial and archaeal populations in leachate samples were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and compared against a variety of physical and chemical parameters in an attempt to identify their impact on selection. Members of the Epsilonproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Clostridia, and candidate division OP3 were the most abundant. The distribution of the observed phylogenetic diversity could best be explained by a combination of variables and was correlated most strongly with the concentrations of chloride and barium, rate of evapotranspiration, age of waste, and the number of detected household chemicals. This study illustrates how leachate microbiomes are distinct from those of other natural or built environments, and sheds light on the major selective forces responsible for this microbial diversity. C1 [Stamps, Blake W.; Lyles, Christopher N.; Suflita, Joseph M.; Stevenson, Bradley S.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Masoner, Jason R.] US Geol Survey, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa, IA USA. [Lyles, Christopher N.] Northwestern State Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol Microbiol & Vet Sci, Natchitoches, LA USA. RP Stevenson, BS (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM bradley.stevenson@ou.edu RI Stevenson, Bradley/A-2786-2011; OI Stevenson, Bradley/0000-0001-9432-9744; Stamps, Blake/0000-0001-9713-9014; Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program; USGS Oklahoma Water Science Center [G12AC20148] FX This project was supported by the USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program and USGS Oklahoma Water Science Center under grant #G12AC20148. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 17 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD APR 20 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 534 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00534 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DJ7DR UT WOS:000374372600001 PM 27148222 ER PT J AU Schimmelrnann, A Qi, HP Coplen, TB Brand, WA Fong, J Meier-Augenstein, W Kemp, HF Toman, B Ackermann, A Assonov, S Aerts-Bijma, AT Brejcha, R Chikaraishi, Y Darwish, T Elsner, M Gehre, M Geilmann, H Groing, M Helie, JF Herrero-Martin, S Meijer, HAJ Sauer, PE Sessions, AL Werner, RA AF Schimmelrnann, Arndt Qi, Haiping Coplen, Tyler B. Brand, Willi A. Fong, Jon Meier-Augenstein, Wolfram Kemp, Helen F. Toman, Blaza Ackermann, Annika Assonov, Sergey Aerts-Bijma, Anita T. Brejcha, Ramona Chikaraishi, Yoshito Darwish, Tamim Elsner, Martin Gehre, Matthias Geilmann, Heike Groeing, Manfred Helie, Jean-Francois Herrero-Martin, Sara Meijer, Harro A. J. Sauer, Peter E. Sessions, Alex L. Werner, Roland A. TI Organic Reference Materials for Hydrogen, Carbon, and Nitrogen Stable Isotope-Ratio Measurements: Caffeines, n-Alkanes, Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, Glycines, L-Valines, Polyethylenes, and Oils SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DELTA-C-13; NORMALIZATION; CALIBRATION; GUIDELINES; PRECISION; ABUNDANCE; CHROMIUM; OXYGEN AB An international project developed, quality-tested, and determined isotope-delta values of 19 new organic reference materials (RMs) for hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen stable isotope-ratio measurements, in addition to analyzing pre-existing RMs NBS 22 (oil), IAEA-CH-7 (polyethylene foil), and IAEA-600 (caffeine). These new RMs enable users to normalize measurements of samples to isotope-delta scales. The RMs span a range of delta H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) values from -210.8 to +397.0 mUr or parts per thousand, for delta C-13(VPDB-LSVEC) from -40.81 to +0.49 mUr and for delta N-15(Air) from -5.21 to +61.53 mUr. Many of the new RMs are amenable to gas and liquid chromatography. The RMs include triads of isotopically contrasting caffeines, C-16 n-alkanes, n-C-20-fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), glycines, and L-valines, together with polyethylene powder and string, one n-C-17-FAME, a vacuum oil (NBS 22a) to replace NBS 22 oil, and a H-2-enriched vacuum oil. A total of 11 laboratories from 7 countries used multiple analytical approaches and instrumentation for 2-point isotopic normalization against international primary measurement standards. The use of reference waters in silver tubes allowed direct normalization of delta H-2 values of organic materials against isotopic reference waters following the principle of identical treatment. Bayesian statistical analysis yielded the mean values reported here. New RMs are numbered from USGS61 through USGS78, in addition to NBS 22a. Because of exchangeable hydrogen, amino acid RMs currently are recommended only for carbon- and nitrogen-isotope measurements. Some amino acids contain C-13 and carbon-bound organic H-2-enrichments at different molecular sites to provide RMs for potential site-specific isotopic analysis in future studies. C1 [Schimmelrnann, Arndt; Fong, Jon; Sauer, Peter E.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 1001 East 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Qi, Haiping; Coplen, Tyler B.] US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Brand, Willi A.; Geilmann, Heike] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Beutenberg Campus,POB 100164, D-07701 Jena, Germany. [Meier-Augenstein, Wolfram; Kemp, Helen F.] James Hutton Inst, Stable Isotope Forens Lab, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Toman, Blaza] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,M-S 8980, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ackermann, Annika; Werner, Roland A.] ETH, Inst Agrarwissensch, LFW C48-1,Univ Str 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Assonov, Sergey; Groeing, Manfred] IAEA, Dept Nucl Applicat, Environm Labs, Terr Environm Lab, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Aerts-Bijma, Anita T.; Meijer, Harro A. J.] Univ Groningen, ESRIG, CIO, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. [Brejcha, Ramona; Elsner, Martin] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Grundwasserokol, Ingolstadter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Chikaraishi, Yoshito] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Dept Biogeochem, 2-15 Natsushima Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. [Darwish, Tamim] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Natl Deuterat Facil, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia. [Gehre, Matthias; Meijer, Harro A. J.] Helmholtz Centre Environm Res UFZ, Dept Isotope Biogeochem, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Helie, Jean-Francois] Univ Quebec, Ctr Rech GEOTOP, Dept Sci Terre & Atmosphere, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Sessions, Alex L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Robert Gordon Univ, Sch Pharm & Life Sci, Sir Ian Wood Bldg, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, Scotland. RP Schimmelrnann, A (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 1001 East 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM aschimme@indiana.edu RI Elsner, Martin/J-4637-2012 OI Elsner, Martin/0000-0003-4746-9052 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-1052927]; National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS), an initiative of the Australian Government; U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX We are indebted to Marilyn Fogel, Libby Stern, and Michael Wieser for assisting with the initiation of this project. Stefanie Poppenhager (Amino GmbH, Frellstedt, Germany; www.amino.de) donated pure L-valine. Tetyana Gilevska, Henk Jansen, Steffen Kummel, and Harald Lowag provided analytical assistance. The manuscript benefited from constructive reviews by L. I. Wassenaar, Linda Stalker, and two anonymous reviewers. This project was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation Grant EAR-1052927. The National Deuteration Facility is partly supported by the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS), an initiative of the Australian Government. The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this report possible. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 19 PY 2016 VL 88 IS 8 BP 4294 EP 4302 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04392 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA DK1WP UT WOS:000374706000020 PM 26974360 ER PT J AU Isaak, DJ Young, MK Luce, CH Hostetler, SW Wenger, SJ Peterson, EE Hoef, JMV Groce, MC Horan, DL Nagel, DE AF Isaak, Daniel J. Young, Michael K. Luce, Charles H. Hostetler, Steven W. Wenger, Seth J. Peterson, Erin E. Hoef, Jay M. Ver Groce, Matthew C. Horan, Dona L. Nagel, David E. TI Slow climate velocities of mountain streams portend their role as refugia for cold-water biodiversity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate refugia; climate velocity; biodiversity; fish; network ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; THERMAL SENSITIVITY; AIR-TEMPERATURE; BROOK TROUT; NETWORKS; HABITAT; FISHES; POPULATIONS; PERSISTENCE; TELEOSTEI AB The imminent demise of montane species is a recurrent theme in the climate change literature, particularly for aquatic species that are constrained to networks and elevational rather than latitudinal retreat as temperatures increase. Predictions of widespread species losses, however, have yet to be fulfilled despite decades of climate change, suggesting that trends are much weaker than anticipated and may be too subtle for detection given the widespread use of sparse water temperature datasets or imprecise surrogates like elevation and air temperature. Through application of large water-temperature databases evaluated for sensitivity to historical air-temperature variability and computationally interpolated to provide high-resolution thermal habitat information for a 222,000-km network, we estimate a less dire thermal plight for cold-water species within mountains of the northwestern United States. Stream warming rates and climate velocities were both relatively low for 1968-2011 (average warming rate = 0.101 degrees C/ decade; median velocity = 1.07 km/decade) when air temperatures warmed at 0.21 degrees C/decade. Many cold-water vertebrate species occurred in a subset of the network characterized by low climate velocities, and three native species of conservation concern occurred in extremely cold, slow velocity environments (0.33-0.48 km/decade). Examination of aggressive warming scenarios indicated that although network climate velocities could increase, they remain low in headwaters because of strong local temperature gradients associated with topographic controls. Better information about changing hydrology and disturbance regimes is needed to complement these results, but rather than being climatic cul-de-sacs, many mountain streams appear poised to be redoubts for cold-water biodiversity this century. C1 [Isaak, Daniel J.; Luce, Charles H.; Groce, Matthew C.; Horan, Dona L.; Nagel, David E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Young, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Hostetler, Steven W.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wenger, Seth J.] Univ Georgia, River Basins Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Peterson, Erin E.] Queensland Univ Technol, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Math & Stat Frontiers, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia. [Peterson, Erin E.] Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Future Environm, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia. [Hoef, Jay M. Ver] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Isaak, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM disaak@fs.fed.us RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008; OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662; Peterson, Erin/0000-0003-2992-0372; Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 FU US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; US Fish and Wildlife Service's Great Northern; North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperatives FX This research was supported by the US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station and grants from the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Great Northern and North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperatives. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 14 U2 23 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 19 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 16 BP 4374 EP 4379 DI 10.1073/pnas.1522429113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DJ7LV UT WOS:000374393800048 PM 27044091 ER PT J AU Landis, ME Byrne, S Daubar, IJ Herkenhoff, KE Dundas, CM AF Landis, Margaret E. Byrne, Shane Daubar, Ingrid J. Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. Dundas, Colin M. TI A revised surface age for the North Polar Layered Deposits of Mars SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRATERING RATE; IMPACT CRATERS; CAP; STRATIGRAPHY; CLIMATE; RATES; EVOLUTION; EVENTS; SIZE; FLOW AB The North Polar Layered Deposits (NPLD) of Mars contain a complex stratigraphy that has been suggested to retain a record of past eccentricity- and obliquity-forced climate changes. The surface accumulation rate in the current climate can be constrained by the crater retention age. We scale NPLD crater diameters to account for icy target strength and compare surface age using a new production function for recent small impacts on Mars to the previously used model of Hartmann (2005). Our results indicate that ice is accumulating in these craters several times faster than previously thought, with a 100m diameter crater being completely infilled within centuries. Craters appear to have a diameter-dependent lifetime, but the data also permit a complete resurfacing of the NPLD at similar to 1.5 ka. C1 [Landis, Margaret E.; Byrne, Shane] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Daubar, Ingrid J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.; Dundas, Colin M.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Landis, ME (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mlandis@lpl.arizona.edu OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 FU NASA [NNX13AG72G]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program [DGE-1143953] FX This work was funded by NASA grant NNX13AG72G. M.E.L. was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program, grant DGE-1143953. HiRISE images referenced are available on the instrument's public website: https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu. The crater catalog used in this work is included with this paper as supporting information. The authors thank S. Sutton for help with SOCET Set software, M.M. Sori for useful discussion on viscous relaxation, and M.E. Banks for useful discussion on the impact population. The authors additionally thank J.A. Skinner, P. Becerra, D. Laikko, M. Sori, N. Barlow, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 7 BP 3060 EP 3068 DI 10.1002/2016GL068434 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DL3MG UT WOS:000375537300007 ER PT J AU Han, SC Sauber, J Pollitz, F AF Han, Shin-Chan Sauber, Jeanne Pollitz, Fred TI Postseismic gravity change after the 2006-2007 great earthquake doublet and constraints on the asthenosphere structure in the central Kuril Islands SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; TOHOKU-OKI EARTHQUAKE; VISCOELASTIC RELAXATION; OCEAN CONTRIBUTION; SUBDUCTION ZONES; DEFORMATION; MODELS; SYSTEM; SLAB; FLOW AB Large earthquakes often trigger viscoelastic adjustment for years to decades depending on the rheological properties and the nature and spatial extent of coseismic stress. The 2006 M(w)8.3 thrust and 2007 M(w)8.1 normal fault earthquakes of the central Kuril Islands resulted in significant postseismic gravity change in Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) but without a discernible coseismic gravity change. The gravity increase of similar to 4 mu Gal, observed consistently from various GRACE solutions around the epicentral area during 2007-2015, is interpreted as resulting from gradual seafloor uplift by similar to 6 cm produced by postseismic relaxation. The GRACE data are best fit with a model of 25-35 km for the elastic thickness and similar to 10(18) Pa s for the Maxwell viscosity of the asthenosphere. The large measurable postseismic gravity change (greater than coseismic change) emphasizes the importance of viscoelastic relaxation in understanding tectonic deformation and fault-locking scenarios in the Kuril subduction zone. C1 [Han, Shin-Chan] Univ Newcastle, Sch Engn, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [Sauber, Jeanne] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Pollitz, Fred] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Han, SC (reprint author), Univ Newcastle, Sch Engn, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. EM shin-chan.han@newcastle.edu.au FU NASA's GRACE project; Earth Surface and Interior program FX This work was supported partly by NASA's GRACE project and Earth Surface and Interior program. We thank Riccardo Riva for the computer codes of the normal mode analysis used in Figure 3. We thank DLR for the GRACE telemetry data and JPL, CSR, GFZ, and GRGS for the high-quality level 1B and level 2 products. The GRACE data for this paper are available at podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/GRACE and www.thegrace-plotter.com. We thank Jeanne Hardebeck and Ruth Harris for their comments on a preliminary draft. We thank Taco Broerse, an anonymous reviewer, and the Editor for their constructive reviews. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 7 BP 3169 EP 3177 DI 10.1002/2016GL068167 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DL3MG UT WOS:000375537300020 PM 27642200 ER PT J AU Van Eaton, AR Amigo, A Bertin, D Mastin, LG Giacosa, RE Gonzalez, J Valderrama, O Fontijn, K Behnke, SA AF Van Eaton, Alexa R. Amigo, Alvaro Bertin, Daniel Mastin, Larry G. Giacosa, Raul E. Gonzalez, Jeronimo Valderrama, Oscar Fontijn, Karen Behnke, Sonja A. TI Volcanic lightning and plume behavior reveal evolving hazards during the April 2015 eruption of Calbuco volcano, Chile SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REDOUBT VOLCANO; SOURCE PARAMETERS; ASH; COLUMNS; WATER; AGGREGATION; DYNAMICS; CLOUD; MAGMA AB Soon after the onset of an eruption, model forecasts of ash dispersal are used to mitigate the hazards to aircraft, infrastructure, and communities downwind. However, it is a significant challenge to constrain the model inputs during an evolving eruption. Here we demonstrate that volcanic lightning may be used in tandem with satellite detection to recognize and quantify changes in eruption style and intensity. Using the eruption of Calbuco volcano in southern Chile on 22 and 23 April 2015, we investigate rates of umbrella cloud expansion from satellite observations, occurrence of lightning, and mapped characteristics of the fall deposits. Our remote sensing analysis gives a total erupted volume that is within uncertainty of the mapped volume (0.56 +/- 0.28 km(3) bulk). Observations and volcanic plume modeling further suggest that electrical activity was enhanced both by ice formation in the ash clouds >10 km above sea level and development of a low-level charge layer from ground-hugging currents. C1 [Van Eaton, Alexa R.; Mastin, Larry G.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Amigo, Alvaro; Bertin, Daniel; Valderrama, Oscar] Serv Nacl Geol & Mineria, Observ Volcanol Los Andes Sur, Temuco, Chile. [Amigo, Alvaro] Univ Chile, Ctr Excelencia Geotermia Los Andes, Santiago, Chile. [Giacosa, Raul E.; Gonzalez, Jeronimo] Serv Geol Minero Argentino, Delegac Reg Comahue, Gen Roca, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Fontijn, Karen] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. [Behnke, Sonja A.] Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Van Eaton, AR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. EM avaneaton@usgs.gov RI Fontijn, Karen/A-2720-2012 OI Fontijn, Karen/0000-0001-7218-4513 FU NERC [NE/N007271/1]; Fondap Conicyt [15090013] FX The authors wish to thank Bob Holzworth and the World Wide Lightning Location Network (http://wwlln.net), a collaboration among over 50 universities and institutions, for providing the lightning location data used in this paper. James Muirhead, Gregory Schill, Hans Schwaiger, Heather Wright, Dave Schneider, Sebastian Garcia, Lizette Bertin, and Mauricio Mella are thanked for assistance and discussion. A. Van Eaton acknowledges a U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship. K. Fontijn acknowledges support by NERC urgency grant NE/N007271/1, and assistance by David Pyle, Jonathan Hunt, Romina Daga, Alexandre Corgne, Eduardo Jaramillo, and students from the Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia. This work is a contribution from the Fondap Conicyt #15090013 project "Centro de Excelencia en Geotermia de los Andes (CEGA)." Reviewers John Ewert, Earle R. Williams, and Magnus T. Gudmundsson are thanked for valuable comments. GeoMapApp and Unidata's IDV were used in the production of Figure 1. Data used in this study are listed in the references, tables, and supporting information. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 7 BP 3563 EP 3571 DI 10.1002/2016GL068076 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DL3MG UT WOS:000375537300066 ER PT J AU Valentim, B Algarra, M Guedes, A Ruppert, LF Hower, JC AF Valentim, Bruno Algarra, Manuel Guedes, Alexandra Ruppert, Leslie F. Hower, James C. TI Notes on the origin of copromacrinite based on nitrogen functionalities and delta C-13 and delta N-15 determined on samples from the Peach Orchard coal bed, southern Magoffin County, Kentucky SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C isotopes; N isotopes; Macrinite; Vitrinite; Fusinite; Semifusinite; XPS; IRMS; Pyridinic-nitrogen; Quaternary-nitrogen; Pyrrolic-nitrogen ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; COPROPHILOUS FUNGUS SUCCESSION; EDGE STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY; CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; ORGANIC NITROGEN; BITUMINOUS COAL; STABLE CARBON; FOSSIL-WOOD AB This paper represents the first attempt to show, by means other than just petrographic ones, that one type of macrinite, herein designated copromacrinite, may result from macrofauna feces. For that purpose a combination of coal petrography, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elemental-analysis continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry methods were used to determine nitrogen functionalities and delta C-13 and delta N-15 compositions in 1) vitrinite-rich, 2) fusinite + semifusinite-rich, and 3) macrinite-rich (with a possible coprolitic origin) samples of the high volatile A bituminous Peach Orchard coal (Bolsovian; Middle Pennsylvanian) from Magoffin County, Kentucky. There were no significant differences between pyridinic-N and quaternary-N abundance in the three samples, however, pyrrolic-N was higher (similar to 54%) in the macrinite-rich sample than in the other two samples (similar to 38%). The data suggest that pyridinic-N and quaternary-N are independent of maceral group composition and that pyrrolic-N is dependent on maceral composition (fusinite + semifusinite versus macrinite). delta C-13 values obtained for bulk and demineralized coal of the vitrinite- and fusinite + semifusinite-rich samples are similar with delta C-13 values of -24.80 +/- 0.01 parts per thousand. VPDB and 24.61 +/- 0.09 parts per thousand VPDB for bulk samples and -24.81 +/- 0.07 parts per thousand VPDB and -24.52 +/- 0.04 parts per thousand VPDB for demineralized samples. These values are within the expected range for vitrinite-rich samples and the slightly higher delta C-13 value of the fusinite + semifusiniterich sample is expected as delta C-13 values for inertinite are higher than for vitrinite. However, there was a significant shift to a lower delta C-13 value (-26.80 +/- 0.01 parts per thousand VPDB for the bulk sample value) for the macrinite-rich sample. Because the samples are basically isorank, and delta C-13 (and delta N-15) shifts do not occur during maturation until anthracite rank, the difference may be related to the presence or composition of the macrinite within the sample which lacks heat-effect indicators, such as devolatilization vacuoles and distorted pores. delta N-15 values are also similar for bulk and demineralized coal of the vitrinite- and fusinite + semifusinite-rich samples, and the bulk values were heavier in this samples (3.07 +/- 0.03 parts per thousand Air and 2.92 +/- 0.10 parts per thousand Air, respectively), and much lighter (-2.83 +/- 0.09 parts per thousand Air) for the macrinite-rich sample. The study of Peach Orchard coal samples using reflected-light microscopy, isotopic composition, and nitrogen forms analyses revealed that the macrinite-rich sample contains macrinite with coprolitic features (e.g. oxidation rind, mix of undigested palynomorphs, frequent and randomly located funginite, agglutination pulp of semifusinite reflectance, internal lack of bedding fabric, and suggestion of structures resulting from intestines and stomach walls), more pyrrolic-N (similar to 16%), and lower delta C-13 (similar to 2 parts per thousand VPDB) and delta N-15 (similar to 4 parts per thousand Air) values than the vitrinite and semifusinite + fusinite rich samples. These findings suggest that the maceral macrinite has multiple origins based on petrography and measurable chemical differences between the macrinite, vitrinite, and semifusinite + fusinite fractions within the coal. Assuming that copromacrinite observed is an excretion then the anomalies observed may result from the symbiotic relations between the macrofauna (e.g. cockroaches) and microbiota during the digestive processes, and the nitrogen balance mechanisms inside macrofauna body. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Valentim, Bruno; Guedes, Alexandra] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ciencias Terra, Dept Geociencias Ambiente & Ordenamento Terr, Polo Fac Ciencias UP, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. [Algarra, Manuel] Univ Malaga, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim Inorgan, Campus Teatinos S-N, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. [Ruppert, Leslie F.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Hower, James C.] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, 2540 Res Pk Dr, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. RP Valentim, B (reprint author), Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ciencias Terra, Dept Geociencias Ambiente & Ordenamento Terr, Polo Fac Ciencias UP, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. EM bvvalent@fc.up.pt OI Valentim, Bruno/0000-0002-1463-9126 NR 131 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD APR 15 PY 2016 VL 160 BP 63 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2016.05.004 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA DP0PY UT WOS:000378192900006 ER PT J AU Rooney, AD Selby, D Lloyd, JM Roberts, DH Luckge, A Sageman, BB Prouty, NG AF Rooney, Alan D. Selby, David Lloyd, Jeremy M. Roberts, David H. Lueckge, Andreas Sageman, Bradley B. Prouty, Nancy G. TI Tracking millennial-scale Holocene glacial advance and retreat using osmium isotopes: Insights from the Greenland ice sheet SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Greenland ice sheet; Osmium; Holocene; Ocean-ice interaction ID RE-OS GEOCHRONOLOGY; WEST GREENLAND; DISKO BUGT; SEAWATER OS-187/OS-188; SNOWBALL EARTH; NORTH-ATLANTIC; HIGH-PRECISION; BLACK SHALE; OCEAN; BASIN AB High-resolution Os isotope stratigraphy can aid in reconstructing Pleistocene ice sheet fluctuation and elucidating the role of local and regional weathering fluxes on the marine Os residence time. This paper presents new Os isotope data from ocean cores adjacent to the West Greenland ice sheet that have excellent chronological controls. Cores MSM-520 and DA00-06 represent distal to proximal sites adjacent to two West Greenland ice streams. Core MSM-520 has a steadily decreasing Os signal over the last 10 kyr (Os-187/Os-188 = 1.35-0.81). In contrast, Os isotopes from core DA00-06 (proximal to the calving front of Jakobshavn Isbr) highlight four stages of ice stream retreat and advance over the past 10 kyr (Os-187/Os-188 = 2.31; 1.68; 2.09; 1.47). Our high-resolution chemostratigraphic records provide vital benchmarks for ice-sheet modelers as we attempt to better constrain the future response of major ice sheets to climate change. Variations in Os isotope composition from sediment and macro-algae (seaweed) sourced from regional and global settings serve to emphasize the overwhelming effect weathering sources have on seawater Os isotope composition. Further, these findings demonstrate that the residence time of Os is shorter than previous estimates of similar to 10(4) yr. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rooney, Alan D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rooney, Alan D.; Selby, David] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Lloyd, Jeremy M.; Roberts, David H.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Lueckge, Andreas] Bundesanstalt Geowissensch & Rohstoffe, Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. [Sageman, Bradley B.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1850 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL USA. [Prouty, Nancy G.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Rooney, AD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM alanrooney@fas.harvard.edu FU Bundesministerium fuer Bildung and Forschung (BMBF, Bonn) [SO139 (03G01390A), SO130 (03G0130A)]; NERC CIAF [9063/0409, 9106/0411]; NERC Radiocarbon Facility [1559.0411] FX We thank Barbara Stroem-Baris, Antony Long and Sarah Woodroffe for seaweed samples and Brice Rea and Tim Lane for assistance in collecting bedrock samples. We acknowledge the Bundesministerium fuer Bildung and Forschung (BMBF, Bonn) for funding the SO139 (03G01390A) and SO130 (03G0130A) cruises. This paper benefited from constructive criticisms from Greg Ravizza and Bernhard Peucker-Ehrenbrink and valuable discussions with Francis Macdonald, Sierra Petersen and Alice Doughty. An anonymous reviewer and editor Neil Glasser are also thanked for improving this manuscript. Durham authors also wish to acknowledge: NERC CIAF Grant No: 9063/0409, NERC CIAF Grant No: 9106/0411 and NERC Radiocarbon Facility Grant No: 1559.0411. NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD APR 15 PY 2016 VL 138 BP 49 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.02.021 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DJ7CO UT WOS:000374369700005 ER PT J AU Ryberg, KR Akyuz, FA Wiche, GJ Lin, W AF Ryberg, Karen R. Akyuez, F. Adnan Wiche, Gregg J. Lin, Wei TI Changes in seasonality and timing of peak streamflow in snow and semi-arid climates of the north-central United States, 1910-2012 SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE peak streamflow; timing; seasonality; snowmelt; climate; trend analysis; Great Plains ID TRENDS; 20TH-CENTURY; RUNOFF; VARIABILITY; AMERICA; FLOWS; RIVER AB Changes in the seasonality and timing of annual peak streamflow in the north-central USA are likely because of changes in precipitation and temperature regimes. A source of long-term information about flood events across the study area is the U.S. Geological Survey peak streamflow database. However, one challenge of answering climate-related questions with this dataset is that even in snowmelt-dominated areas, it is a mixed population of snowmelt/spring rain generated peaks and summer/fall rain generated peaks. Therefore, a process was developed to divide the annual peaks into two populations, or seasons, snowmelt/spring, and summer/fall. The two series were then tested for the hypotheses that because of changes in precipitation regimes, the odds of summer/fall peaks have increased and, because of temperature changes, snowmelt/spring peaks happen earlier. Over climatologically and geographically similar regions in the north-central USA, logistic regression was used to model the odds of getting a summer/fall peak. When controlling for antecedent wet and dry conditions and geographical differences, the odds of summer/fall peaks occurring have increased across the study area. With respect to timing within the seasons, trend analysis showed that in northern portions of the study region, snowmelt/spring peaks are occurring earlier. The timing of snowmelt/spring peaks in three regions in the northern part of the study area is earlier by 8.7- 14.3days. These changes have implications for water interests, such as potential changes in lead-time for flood forecasting or changes in the operation of flood-control dams. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Ryberg, Karen R.] US Geol Survey, 821 E Interstate Ave, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. [Ryberg, Karen R.] N Dakota State Univ, Environm & Conservat Sci Program, 218 Stevens Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Akyuez, F. Adnan] N Dakota State Univ, North Dakota State Climatologist, POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Wiche, Gregg J.] US Geol Survey, North Dakota Water Sci Ctr, 821 E Interstate Ave, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. [Lin, Wei] N Dakota State Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58018 USA. RP Ryberg, KR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 821 E Interstate Ave, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. EM karen.ryberg@ndsu.edu OI Ryberg, Karen/0000-0002-9834-2046 FU USGS FX This work was funded in part by the USGS. Glenn Hodgkins of the USGS and Steve Buan of the NOAA North Central River Forecast Center provided insightful early reviews, and three anonymous referees provided reviews that improved the final paper. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD APR 15 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1208 EP 1218 DI 10.1002/hyp.10693 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DJ1JQ UT WOS:000373959500004 ER PT J AU Qi, HP Coplen, TB Mroczkowski, SJ Brand, WA Brandes, L Geilmann, H Schimmelmann, A AF Qi, Haiping Coplen, Tyler B. Mroczkowski, Stanley J. Brand, Willi A. Brandes, Lauren Geilmann, Heike Schimmelmann, Arndt TI A new organic reference material, L-glutamic acid, USGS41a, for C-13 and N-15 measurements - a replacement for USGS41 SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID RATIO MASS-SPECTROMETER; PYROGLUTAMIC ACID; DELTA-C-13; PRECISION; SYSTEM; CO2 AB RationaleThe widely used l-glutamic acid isotopic reference material USGS41, enriched in both C-13 and N-15, is nearly exhausted. A new material, USGS41a, has been prepared as a replacement for USGS41. MethodsUSGS41a was prepared by dissolving analytical grade l-glutamic acid enriched in C-13 and N-15 together with l-glutamic acid of normal isotopic composition. The C-13 and N-15 values of USGS41a were directly or indirectly normalized with the international reference materials NBS 19 calcium carbonate (C-13(VPDB) = +1.95 mUr, where milliurey = 0.001 = 1 ), LSVEC lithium carbonate (C-13(VPDB) = -46.6 mUr), and IAEA-N-1 ammonium sulfate (N-15(Air) = +0.43 mUr) and USGS32 potassium nitrate (N-15 = +180 mUr exactly) by on-line combustion, continuous-flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, and off-line dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. ResultsUSGS41a is isotopically homogeneous; the reproducibility of C-13 and N-15 is better than 0.07 mUr and 0.09 mUr, respectively, in 200-g amounts. It has a C-13 value of +36.55 mUr relative to VPDB and a N-15 value of +47.55 mUr relative to N-2 in air. USGS41 was found to be hydroscopic, probably due to the presence of pyroglutamic acid. Experimental results indicate that the chemical purity of USGS41a is substantially better than that of USGS41. ConclusionsThe new isotopic reference material USGS41a can be used with USGS40 (having a C-13(VPDB) value of -26.39 mUr and a N-15(Air) value of -4.52 mUr) for (i) analyzing local laboratory isotopic reference materials, and (ii) quantifying drift with time, mass-dependent isotopic fractionation, and isotope-ratio-scale contraction for isotopic analysis of biological and organic materials. Published in 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Qi, Haiping; Coplen, Tyler B.; Mroczkowski, Stanley J.; Brandes, Lauren] US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Brand, Willi A.; Geilmann, Heike] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, POB 10 01 64, D-07701 Jena, Germany. [Schimmelmann, Arndt] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Qi, HP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM haipingq@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX We thank Robert D. Vocke, Jr (National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST) for providing aliquots of LSVEC lithium carbonate from the original stock of this reference material. We thank S. Assonov (International Atomic Energy Agency) for discussions on the increase in 13C abundance of LSVEC lithium carbonate over time. The authors wish to thank Helen Folger (U.S. Geological Survey) and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions that improved this manuscript. The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this report possible. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD APR 15 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 7 BP 859 EP 866 DI 10.1002/rcm.7510 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA DH0XS UT WOS:000372508100009 PM 26969927 ER PT J AU Nowell, LH Norman, JE Ingersoll, CG Moran, PW AF Nowell, Lisa H. Norman, Julia E. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Moran, Patrick W. TI Development and application of freshwater sediment-toxicity benchmarks for currently used pesticides SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Sediment benchmarks; Spiked-sediment bioassay; Mixtures; Sediment toxicity; Hyalella azteca; Chironomus ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ENVIRONMENTAL BLACK CARBON; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; QUALITY GUIDELINES; ORGANIC-MATTER; METROPOLITAN-AREAS; STREAM SEDIMENTS; UNITED-STATES; CONTAMINANT BIOAVAILABILITY; POTENTIAL TOXICITY AB Sediment-toxicity benchmarks are needed to interpret the biological significance of currently used pesticides detected in whole sediments. Two types of freshwater sediment benchmarks for pesticides were developed using spiked-sediment bioassay (SSB) data from the literature. These benchmarks can be used to interpret sediment-toxicity data or to assess the potential toxicity of pesticides in whole sediment. The Likely Effect Benchmark (LEB) defines a pesticide concentration in whole sediment above which there is a high probability of adverse effects on benthic invertebrates, and the Threshold Effect Benchmark (TEB) defines a concentration below which adverse effects are unlikely. For compounds without available SSBs, benchmarks were estimated using equilibrium partitioning (EqP). When a sediment sample contains a pesticide mixture, benchmark quotients can be summed for all detected pesticides to produce an indicator of potential toxicity for that mixture. Benchmarks were developed for 48 pesticide compounds using SSB data and 81 compounds using the EqP approach. In an example application, data for pesticides measured in sediment from 197 streams across the United States were evaluated using these benchmarks, and compared to measured toxicity from whole-sediment toxicity tests conducted with the amphipod Hyalella azteca (28-d exposures) and the midge Chironomus dilutus (10-d exposures). Amphipod survival, weight, and biomass were significantly and inversely related to summed benchmark quotients, whereas midge survival, weight, and biomass showed no relationship to benchmarks. Samples with LEB exceedances were rare (n=3), but all were toxic to amphipods (i.e., significantly different from control). Significant toxicity to amphipods was observed for 72% of samples exceeding one or more TEBs, compared to 18% of samples below all TEBs. Factors affecting toxicity below TEBs may include the presence of contaminants other than pesticides, physical/chemical characteristics of sediment, and uncertainty in TEB values. Additional evaluations of benchmarks in relation to sediment chemistry and toxicity are ongoing. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nowell, Lisa H.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Norman, Julia E.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Ingersoll, Christopher G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65021 USA. [Moran, Patrick W.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, 934 Broadway,Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Nowell, LH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM lhnowell@usgs.gov; jnorman@usgs.gov; cingersoll@usgs.gov; pwmoran@usgs.gov FU USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Project of the National Water Quality Program; USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center FX This work was conducted with the support of the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Project of the National Water Quality Program, and the USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center. The authors are grateful to Keith Sappington (USEPA) for providing access to Data Evaluation Records for pesticide spiked-sediment studies in the USEPA Ecotoxicity database; the Pyrethroid Working Group and Jeffrey Giddings (Compliance Services International) for providing prepublication access to the Pyrethroid Working Group database of pyrethroid toxicity data; Steven Bay (Southern California Coastal Water Research Project) for providing an early draft of the Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Sediment Advisory Group database of spiked-sediment data; USGS personnel for collecting sediment samples for the case studies; Michelle Hladik and Kathy Kuivila (USGS) for providing the chemistry data for the case studies; Nile Kemble (USGS) for providing toxicity data for the case studies; Naomi Nakagaki (USGS) for maps and Jerry Tran (USGS) for assistance with illustrations; and Keith Sappington (USEPA), John Besser, Patricia Toccalino (USGS), and the anonymous reviewers at the journal for their thoughtful reviews of this manuscript. NR 91 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2016 VL 550 BP 835 EP 850 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.081 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF3EM UT WOS:000371226700083 PM 26851756 ER PT J AU Tape, KD Gustine, DD Ruess, RW Adams, LG Clark, JA AF Tape, Ken D. Gustine, David D. Ruess, Roger W. Adams, Layne G. Clark, Jason A. TI Range Expansion of Moose in Arctic Alaska Linked to Warming and Increased Shrub Habitat SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FOREST-TUNDRA ECOTONE; NORTHERN ALASKA; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; STRATEGIES; VEGETATION; WILLOW; HETEROGENEITY; POPULATION; EXTINCTION AB Twentieth century warming has increased vegetation productivity and shrub cover across northern tundra and treeline regions, but effects on terrestrial wildlife have not been demonstrated on a comparable scale. During this period, Alaskan moose (Alces alces gigas) extended their range from the boreal forest into tundra riparian shrub habitat; similar extensions have been observed in Canada (A. a. andersoni) and Eurasia (A. a. alces). Northern moose distribution is thought to be limited by forage availability above the snow in late winter, so the observed increase in shrub habitat could be causing the northward moose establishment, but a previous hypothesis suggested that hunting cessation triggered moose establishment. Here, we use recent changes in shrub cover and empirical relationships between shrub height and growing season temperature to estimate available moose habitat in Arctic Alaska c. 1860. We estimate that riparian shrubs were approximately 1.1 m tall c. 1860, greatly reducing the available forage above the snowpack, compared to 2 m tall in 2009. We believe that increases in riparian shrub habitat after 1860 allowed moose to colonize tundra regions of Alaska hundreds of kilometers north and west of previous distribution limits. The northern shift in the distribution of moose, like that of snowshoe hares, has been in response to the spread of their shrub habitat in the Arctic, but at the same time, herbivores have likely had pronounced impacts on the structure and function of these shrub communities. These northward range shifts are a bellwether for other boreal species and their associated predators. C1 [Tape, Ken D.; Clark, Jason A.] Univ Alaska, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Gustine, David D.; Adams, Layne G.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Ruess, Roger W.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Tape, KD (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM kdtape@alaska.edu FU EPSCoR NSF award [OIA-1208927]; U.S. Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative within the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area FX KDT was supported by EPSCoR NSF award #OIA-1208927. DDG and LGA received support from U.S. Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative within the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 20 U2 39 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 13 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 4 AR e0152636 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0152636 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DJ3UC UT WOS:000374131200031 PM 27074023 ER PT J AU Raymundo, LJ Work, TM Miller, RL Lozada-Misa, PL AF Raymundo, L. J. Work, T. M. Miller, R. L. Lozada-Misa, P. L. TI Effects of Coralliophila violacea on tissue loss in the scleractinian corals Porites spp. depend on host response SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Coralliophila; Coral disease; White syndrome; Porites; Guam ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; WHITE SYNDROME; BAND DISEASE; LESIONS; GROSS; TRANSMISSION; CORALLIVORE; COMMUNITIES; ABBREVIATA; DRUPELLA AB We investigated interactions between the corallivorous gastropod Coralliophila violacea and its preferred hosts Porites spp. Our objectives were to experimentally determine whether tissue loss could progress in Porites during or after Coralliophila predation on corals with and without tissue loss and to histologically document snail predation. In 64% of feeding scars, tissue regenerated within 3 wk, leaving no trace of predation. However, in roughly 28% of scars, lesions progressed to subacute tissue loss resembling white syndrome. In feeding experiments, scars from snails previously fed diseased tissue developed progressive tissue loss twice as frequently as scars from snails previously fed healthy tissue. Scars from previously healthy-fed snails were 3 times as likely to heal as those from previously diseased-fed snails. Histology revealed marked differences in host responses to snails; P. cylindrica manifested a robust inflammatory response with fewer secondary colonizing organisms such as algae, sponges, and helminths, whereas P. rus showed no evident inflammation and more secondary colonization. We conclude that lesion progression associated with Coralliophila may be associated with secondary colonization of coral tissues damaged by predator-induced trauma and necrosis. Importantly, variation at the cellular level should be considered when explaining interspecific differences in host responses in corals impacted by phenomena such as predation. C1 [Raymundo, L. J.] Univ Guam, Marine Lab, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. [Work, T. M.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Miller, R. L.] Bur Stat & Plans, Guam Coral Reef Monitoring Program, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. [Lozada-Misa, P. L.] NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Raymundo, LJ (reprint author), Univ Guam, Marine Lab, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. EM ljraymundo@gmail.com FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program FX This work was supported by a grant from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program to L.J.R. and G. Aeby. A. Miller, T. Reynolds, and R. Diaz assisted in laboratory experiments. Discussions with G. Aeby guided the experimental set up. Mention of products or trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments, which greatly improved the paper. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD APR 12 PY 2016 VL 119 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.3354/dao02982 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA DK0AX UT WOS:000374575900007 PM 27068505 ER PT J AU Jones, HP Holmes, ND Butchart, SHM Tershy, BR Kappes, PJ Corkery, I Aguirre-Munoz, A Armstrong, DP Bonnaud, E Burbidge, AA Campbell, K Courchamp, F Cowan, PE Cuthbert, RJ Ebbert, S Genovesi, P Howald, GR Keitt, BS Kress, SW Miskelly, CM Oppel, S Poncet, S Rauzon, MJ Rocamora, G Russell, JC Samaniego-Herrera, A Seddon, PJ Spatz, DR Towns, DR Croll, DA AF Jones, Holly P. Holmes, Nick D. Butchart, Stuart H. M. Tershy, Bernie R. Kappes, Peter J. Corkery, Ilse Aguirre-Munoz, Alfonso Armstrong, Doug P. Bonnaud, Elsa Burbidge, Andrew A. Campbell, Karl Courchamp, Franck Cowan, Philip E. Cuthbert, Richard J. Ebbert, Steve Genovesi, Piero Howald, Gregg R. Keitt, Bradford S. Kress, Stephen W. Miskelly, Colin M. Oppel, Steffen Poncet, Sally Rauzon, Mark J. Rocamora, Gerard Russell, James C. Samaniego-Herrera, Araceli Seddon, Philip J. Spatz, Dena R. Towns, David R. Croll, Donald A. TI Invasive mammal eradication on islands results in substantial conservation gains SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE conservation; restoration; invasive species; island; eradication ID FILE DRAWER PROBLEM; INTRODUCED PREDATORS; SEABIRD RESTORATION; ANACAPA ISLAND; RECOVERY; ARCHIPELAGO; RESPONSES; RATS; VERTEBRATES; EXTINCTION AB More than US$21 billion is spent annually on biodiversity conservation. Despite their importance for preventing or slowing extinctions and preserving biodiversity, conservation interventions are rarely assessed systematically for their global impact. Islands house a disproportionately higher amount of biodiversity compared with mainlands, much of which is highly threatened with extinction. Indeed, island species make up nearly two-thirds of recent extinctions. Islands therefore are critical targets of conservation. We used an extensive literature and database review paired with expert interviews to estimate the global benefits of an increasingly used conservation action to stem biodiversity loss: eradication of invasive mammals on islands. We found 236 native terrestrial insular faunal species (596 populations) that benefitted through positive demographic and/or distributional responses from 251 eradications of invasive mammals on 181 islands. Seven native species (eight populations) were negatively impacted by invasive mammal eradication. Four threatened species had their International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List extinction-risk categories reduced as a direct result of invasive mammal eradication, and no species moved to a higher extinction-risk category. We predict that 107 highly threatened birds, mammals, and reptiles on the IUCN Red List-6% of all these highly threatened species-likely have benefitted from invasive mammal eradications on islands. Because monitoring of eradication outcomes is sporadic and limited, the impacts of global eradications are likely greater than we report here. Our results highlight the importance of invasive mammal eradication on islands for protecting the world's most imperiled fauna. C1 [Jones, Holly P.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Jones, Holly P.] No Illinois Univ, Inst Study Environm Sustainabil & Energy, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Holmes, Nick D.; Campbell, Karl; Howald, Gregg R.; Keitt, Bradford S.; Spatz, Dena R.] Isl Conservat, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Butchart, Stuart H. M.] BirdLife Int, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Tershy, Bernie R.; Spatz, Dena R.; Croll, Donald A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Kappes, Peter J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Corkery, Ilse] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Zool & Ecol, Corcaigh, Ireland. [Aguirre-Munoz, Alfonso; Samaniego-Herrera, Araceli] Grp Ecol & Conservac Islas AC, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. [Armstrong, Doug P.] Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Wildlife Ecol Grp, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand. [Bonnaud, Elsa; Courchamp, Franck] Univ Paris 11, Lab Ecol Systemat & Evolut, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Campbell, Karl] Univ Queensland, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Cowan, Philip E.] Landcare Res, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand. [Cuthbert, Richard J.; Oppel, Steffen] Royal Soc Protect Birds, Ctr Conservat Sci, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Cuthbert, Richard J.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Goroka, Eastern Highlan, Papua N Guinea. [Ebbert, Steve] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Natl Maritime Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Genovesi, Piero] Inst Environm Protect & Res, I-00144 Rome, Italy. [Genovesi, Piero] Species Survival Commiss, Int Union Conservat Nat, Invas Species Specialist Grp, I-00144 Rome, Italy. [Kress, Stephen W.] Natl Audubon Soc, Seabird Restorat Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Miskelly, Colin M.] Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington 6011, New Zealand. [Poncet, Sally] South Georgia Surveys, Beaver Isl LandCare, Stanley F1QQ 1ZZ, Falkland Island, Rep of Georgia. [Rauzon, Mark J.] Laney Coll, Geog Dept, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. [Rocamora, Gerard] Univ Seychelles, Isl Biodivers & Conservat Ctr, Anse Royale, Seychelles. [Rocamora, Gerard] Isl Conservat Soc, Pointe Larue, Mahe, Seychelles. [Russell, James C.] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Russell, James C.] Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Seddon, Philip J.] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand. [Towns, David R.] Dept Conservat, Sci & Capabil Grp, Auckland 1145, New Zealand. [Towns, David R.] Auckland Univ Technol, Inst Appl Ecol, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. RP Jones, HP (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM hjones@niu.edu RI Kappes, Peter/C-4063-2015; Seddon, Philip/G-8659-2011; OI Kappes, Peter/0000-0001-6029-5355; Seddon, Philip/0000-0001-9076-9566; Oppel, Steffen/0000-0002-8220-3789 FU David and Lucille Packard Foundation; Northern Illinois University; BiodivERsA European Research Area-Net Forecasting Future Invasions and their Impacts FX We thank Pat Matyot and Maria Felix for providing data for these analyses and the many organizations and individuals who contributed to the Database of Island Invasive Species Eradications, the Threatened Island Biodiversity database, and International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments. Research supporting this study was funded by The David and Lucille Packard Foundation, Northern Illinois University, and BiodivERsA European Research Area-Net Forecasting Future Invasions and their Impacts. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 32 U2 67 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 12 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 15 BP 4033 EP 4038 DI 10.1073/pnas.1521179113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DI8PG UT WOS:000373762400046 PM 27001852 ER PT J AU Simkin, SM Allen, EB Bowman, WD Clark, CM Belnap, J Brooks, ML Cade, BS Collins, SL Geiser, LH Gilliam, FS Jovan, SE Pardo, LH Schulz, BK Stevens, CJ Suding, KN Throop, HL Waller, DM AF Simkin, Samuel M. Allen, Edith B. Bowman, William D. Clark, Christopher M. Belnap, Jayne Brooks, Matthew L. Cade, Brian S. Collins, Scott L. Geiser, Linda H. Gilliam, Frank S. Jovan, Sarah E. Pardo, Linda H. Schulz, Bethany K. Stevens, Carly J. Suding, Katharine N. Throop, Heather L. Waller, Donald M. TI Conditional vulnerability of plant diversity to atmospheric nitrogen deposition across the United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE nitrogen deposition; plant species richness; diversity; soil pH; climate ID SPECIES RICHNESS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE; BIODIVERSITY LOSS; CRITICAL LOADS; VEGETATION; GRASSLANDS; EUTROPHICATION; TERRESTRIAL; COMMUNITIES AB Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been shown to decrease plant species richness along regional deposition gradients in Europe and in experimental manipulations. However, the general response of species richness to N deposition across different vegetation types, soil conditions, and climates remains largely unknown even though responses may be contingent on these environmental factors. We assessed the effect of N deposition on herbaceous richness for 15,136 forest, woodland, shrubland, and grassland sites across the continental United States, to address how edaphic and climatic conditions altered vulnerability to this stressor. In our dataset, with N deposition ranging from 1 to 19 kg N.ha(-1).y(-1), we found a unimodal relationship; richness increased at low deposition levels and decreased above 8.7 and 13.4 kg N.ha(-1).y(-1) in open and closed-canopy vegetation, respectively. N deposition exceeded critical loads for loss of plant species richness in 24% of 15,136 sites examined nationwide. There were negative relationships between species richness and N deposition in 36% of 44 community gradients. Vulnerability to N deposition was consistently higher in more acidic soils whereas the moderating roles of temperature and precipitation varied across scales. We demonstrate here that negative relationships between N deposition and species richness are common, albeit not universal, and that fine-scale processes can moderate vegetation responses to N deposition. Our results highlight the importance of contingent factors when estimating ecosystem vulnerability to N deposition and suggest that N deposition is affecting species richness in forested and nonforested systems across much of the continental United States. C1 [Simkin, Samuel M.; Bowman, William D.; Suding, Katharine N.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Simkin, Samuel M.; Bowman, William D.; Suding, Katharine N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Allen, Edith B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Allen, Edith B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Clark, Christopher M.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. [Cade, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80226 USA. [Collins, Scott L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Geiser, Linda H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Reg Air Resource Management Pro, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. [Gilliam, Frank S.] Marshall Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. [Jovan, Sarah E.] US Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, USDA, Portland, OR 97339 USA. [Pardo, Linda H.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Schulz, Bethany K.] US Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, USDA, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Stevens, Carly J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Throop, Heather L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Throop, Heather L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Waller, Donald M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Simkin, SM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Simkin, SM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM samuel.simkin@colorado.edu RI Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014; Throop, Heather/D-6391-2012 OI Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892; Throop, Heather/0000-0002-7963-4342 FU John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis - USGS; US Environmental Protection Agency [EP-12-H-000491]; Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Units Network (National Park Service Grant) [P13AC00407]; Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Units Network (USGS Grant) [G14AC00028]; USGS FX Vegetation data were shared by the Forest Inventory and Analysis Database (FIADB) Vegetation Indicators Program, the Ecological Society of America VegBank, the Minnesota Biological Survey, the New York, Virginia, and West Virginia Natural Heritage Programs, Robert Peet and the Carolina Vegetation Survey, the US National Park Service Southern Colorado Plateau Network, the University of Wisconsin Plant Ecology Laboratory, Kevin Knutson of the US Geological Survey (USGS), and the coauthors. This paper arose from the "Diversity and Nitrogen Deposition" working group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the USGS. The US Environmental Protection Agency (Contract EP-12-H-000491) and the Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Units Network (National Park Service Grant P13AC00407 and USGS Grant G14AC00028) provided additional funding. The USGS supports the conclusions of research conducted by their employees, and peer reviews and approves all of their products consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices. The views expressed in this manuscript do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency or the USDA Forest Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 37 U2 69 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 12 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 15 BP 4086 EP 4091 DI 10.1073/pnas.1515241113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DI8PG UT WOS:000373762400055 PM 27035943 ER PT J AU Edwards, HH Martin, J Deutsch, CJ Muller, RG Koslovsky, SM Smith, AJ Barlas, ME AF Edwards, Holly H. Martin, Julien Deutsch, Charles J. Muller, Robert G. Koslovsky, Stacie M. Smith, Alexander J. Barlas, Margaret E. TI Influence of Manatees' Diving on Their Risk of Collision with Watercraft SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; LARGE SPATIAL SCALES; FLORIDA MANATEES; AGGREGATION SITE; MARINE MAMMALS; AERIAL SURVEYS; DUGONG-DUGON; ABUNDANCE; PROBABILITY; FRAMEWORK AB Watercraft pose a threat to endangered Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Mortality from watercraft collisions has adversely impacted the manatee population's growth rate, therefore reducing this threat is an important management goal. To assess factors that contribute to the risk of watercraft strikes to manatees, we studied the diving behavior of nine manatees carrying GPS tags and time-depth recorders in Tampa Bay, Florida, during winters 2002-2006. We applied a Bayesian formulation of generalized linear mixed models to depth data to model the probability (P-t) that manatees would be no deeper than 1.25 m from the water's surface as a function of behavioral and habitat covariates. Manatees above this threshold were considered to be within striking depth of a watercraft. Seventy-eight percent of depth records (individual range 62-86%) were within striking depth (mean = 1.09 m, max = 16.20 m), illustrating how vulnerable manatees are to strikes. In some circumstances manatees made consecutive dives to the bottom while traveling, even in areas >14 m, possibly to conserve energy. This is the first documentation of potential cost-efficient diving behavior in manatees. Manatees were at higher risk of being within striking depth in shallow water (<0.91 m), over seagrass, at night, and while stationary or moving slowly; they were less likely to be within striking depth when <= 50 m from a charted waterway. In shallow water the probability of a manatee being within striking depth was 0.96 (CI = 0.93-0.98) and decreased as water depth increased. The probability was greater over seagrass (P-t = 0.96, CI = 0.93-0.98) than over other substrates (P-t = 0.73, CI = 0.58-0.84). Quantitative approaches to assessing risk can improve the effectiveness of manatee conservation measures by helping identify areas for protection. C1 [Edwards, Holly H.; Muller, Robert G.; Koslovsky, Stacie M.; Smith, Alexander J.; Barlas, Margaret E.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 Eighth Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33710 USA. [Martin, Julien] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Deutsch, Charles J.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Wildlife Res Lab, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 1105 SW Williston Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Smith, Alexander J.] Ramboll ENVIRON Int Corp, 10150 Highland Manor Dr, Tampa, FL 33610 USA. RP Edwards, HH (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 Eighth Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33710 USA. EM holly.edwards@myfwc.com FU Wildlife Foundation of Florida (Conserve Wildlife Tag Fund); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Pinellas County Environmental Fund; Tampa Port Authority; FWC's Save the Manatee Trust Fund; National Sea Grant College Program of the USA; Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA 14OAR4170108] FX This work was funded by the Wildlife Foundation of Florida (Conserve Wildlife Tag Fund), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Pinellas County Environmental Fund, Tampa Port Authority, and FWC's Save the Manatee Trust Fund. Support was also provided by the National Sea Grant College Program of the USA. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Grant No. NA 14OAR4170108. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 6 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 4 AR e0151450 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0151450 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DI6IX UT WOS:000373603500007 PM 27049326 ER PT J AU Wallace, ZP Kennedy, PL Squires, JR Oakleaf, RJ Olson, LE Dugger, KM AF Wallace, Zachary P. Kennedy, Patricia L. Squires, John R. Oakleaf, Robert J. Olson, Lucretia E. Dugger, Katie M. TI Re-Occupancy of Breeding Territories by Ferruginous Hawks in Wyoming: Relationships to Environmental and Anthropogenic Factors SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; SWAINSONS HAWKS; HABITAT QUALITY; SPOTTED OWLS; BARRED OWLS; POPULATIONS; SELECTION; RAPTORS; USA; DISTURBANCE AB Grassland and shrubland birds are declining globally due in part to anthropogenic habitat modification. Because population performance of these species is also influenced by non-anthropogenic factors, it is important to incorporate all relevant ecological drivers into demographic models. We used design-based sampling and occupancy models to test relationships of environmental factors that influence raptor demographics with re-occupancy of breeding territories by ferruginous hawks (Buteo regalis) across Wyoming, USA, 2011-2013. We also tested correlations of territory re-occupancy with oil and gas infrastructure-a leading cause of habitat modification throughout the range of this species of conservation concern. Probability of re-occupancy was not related to any covariates we investigated in 2011, had a strong negative relationship with cover of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) in 2012, was slightly higher for territories with artificial platforms than other nest substrates in 2013, and had a positive relationship with abundance of ground squirrels (Urocitellus spp.) that was strong in 2012 and weak in 2013. Associations with roads were weak and varied by year, road-type, and scale: in 2012, re-occupancy probability had a weak positive correlation with density of roads not associated with oil and gas fields at the territory-scale; however, in 2013 re-occupancy had a very weak negative correlation with density of oil and gas field roads near nest sites (<= 500 m). Although our results indicate re-occupancy of breeding territories by ferruginous hawks was compatible with densities of anthropogenic infrastructure in our study area, the lack of relationships between oil and gas well density and territory re-occupancy may have occurred because pre-treatment data were unavailable. We used probabilistic sampling at a broad spatial extent, methods to account for imperfect detection, and conducted extensive prey sampling; nonetheless, future research using before-after-control-impact designs is needed to fully assess impacts of oil and gas development on ferruginous hawks. C1 [Wallace, Zachary P.; Kennedy, Patricia L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wallace, Zachary P.; Kennedy, Patricia L.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr & Nat Resource Program, Union, OR USA. [Squires, John R.; Olson, Lucretia E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. [Oakleaf, Robert J.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Lander, WY USA. [Dugger, Katie M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wallace, Zachary P.] Eagle Environm Inc, Taos, NM USA. RP Wallace, ZP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.; Wallace, ZP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr & Nat Resource Program, Union, OR USA.; Wallace, ZP (reprint author), Eagle Environm Inc, Taos, NM USA. EM zach@eagleenvironmental.net FU U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; Wyoming Game and Fish Department; Bureau of Land Management; Wyoming Wildlife Heritage Foundation; Wyoming Governor's Office; PacifiCorp; Pathfinder Renewable Wind Energy; Oregon State University Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Eastern Oregon Agriculture & Natural Resource Program FX The U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, and Bureau of Land Management provided funding and assisted with study design and data collection. Additional funding was provided by the Wyoming Wildlife Heritage Foundation, Wyoming Governor's Office, PacifiCorp, and Pathfinder Renewable Wind Energy, none of whom were involved in research design, collection and analysis of data, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; We thank the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Oregon State University Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, and Eastern Oregon Agriculture & Natural Resource Program for providing field and administrative support. We thank Ricardo Mata-Gonzalez for advice on study design; pilots Bobby Laird, Dave Stinson, Neil Cadwell, and Ken Overfield; field technicians Justin Broderick, Raymond Buchheit, Justin Caraway, Joseph Ceradini, David Chrismon, Nick Dobric, Andrew Greenawalt, Tia Hunter, Allyson Larned, Rod Lawrence, Jon Lipke, Peter Mahoney, Ryan Mong, Brennan Price, Mary Raikes, Sam Sellers, Edward Whitehead, Matthew Wilson, and Robert Wiltzen; and all private land owners who granted access for field work. Review by David Weins and two anonymous referees greatly improved the manuscript. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 6 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 4 AR e0152977 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0152977 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DI6IX UT WOS:000373603500075 PM 27049324 ER PT J AU Stoliker, DL Repert, DA Smith, RL Song, BK LeBlanc, DR McCobb, TD Conaway, CH Hyun, SP Koh, DC Moon, HS Kent, DB AF Stoliker, Deborah L. Repert, Deborah A. Smith, Richard L. Song, Bongkeun LeBlanc, Denis R. McCobb, Timothy D. Conaway, Christopher H. Hyun, Sung Pil Koh, Dong-Chan Moon, Hee Sun Kent, Douglas B. TI Hydrologic Controls on Nitrogen Cycling Processes and Functional Gene Abundance in Sediments of a Groundwater Flow-Through Lake SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; GRAVEL AQUIFER; CAPE-COD; WATER INTERFACE; HYPORHEIC FLOW; UNITED-STATES; SEEPAGE; NITRATE; SAND; REMOVAL AB The fate and transport of inorganic nitrogen (N) is a critically important issue for human and aquatic ecosystem health because discharging N-contaminated groundwater can foul drinking water and cause algal blooms. Factors controlling N-processing were examined in sediments at three sites with contrasting hydrologic regimes at a lake on Cape Cod, MA. These factors included water chemistry, seepage rates and direction of groundwater flow, and the abundance and potential rates of activity of N-cycling microbial communities. Genes coding for denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), and nitrification were identified at all sites regardless of flow direction or groundwater dissolved oxygen concentrations. Flow direction was, however, a controlling factor in the potential for N-attenuation via denitrification in the sediments. Potential rates of denitrification varied from 6 to 4500 pmol N/g/h from the inflow to the outflow side of the lake, owing to fundamental differences in the supply of labile organic matter. The results of laboratory incubations suggested that when anoxia and limiting labile organic matter prevailed, the potential existed for concomitant anammox and denitrification. Where oxic lake water was downwelling, potential rates of nitrification at shallow depths were substantial (1640 pmol N/g/h). Rates of anammox, denitrification, and nitrification maybe linked to rates of organic N-mineralization, serving to increase N-mobility and transport downgradient. C1 [Stoliker, Deborah L.; Conaway, Christopher H.; Kent, Douglas B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Repert, Deborah A.; Smith, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Song, Bongkeun] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [LeBlanc, Denis R.; McCobb, Timothy D.] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. [Hyun, Sung Pil; Koh, Dong-Chan; Moon, Hee Sun] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, South Korea. RP Stoliker, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.; Hyun, SP (reprint author), Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, South Korea. EM dlstoliker@usgs.gov; sphyun@kigam.re.kr FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology, Hydrologic Research and Development and National Water Quality Assessment Programs; National Science Foundation [EAR 1329284]; KIGAM Basic Research Project - Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning [14-3211-2] FX We thank Katherine Akstin for ICP analyses, Mark Huebner for IC analyses, Paige Morkner for dissolved carbon analyses, and Ariel Reed for laboratory assistance. Reviews by Donald Rosenberry and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. Funding was provided by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology, Hydrologic Research and Development and National Water Quality Assessment Programs; the National Science Foundation (EAR 1329284); and the KIGAM Basic Research Project (14-3211-2) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 22 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 5 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 7 BP 3649 EP 3657 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b06155 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DI7CD UT WOS:000373655800042 PM 26967929 ER PT J AU Nicholson, KL Arthur, SM Horne, JS Garton, EO Del Vecchio, PA AF Nicholson, Kerry L. Arthur, Stephen M. Horne, Jon S. Garton, Edward O. Del Vecchio, Patricia A. TI Modeling Caribou Movements: Seasonal Ranges and Migration Routes of the Central Arctic Herd SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TRANS-ALASKA PIPELINE; SPRING MIGRATION; CALVING CARIBOU; PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT; RANGIFER-TARANDUS; WOODLAND CARIBOU; NORTHERN ALASKA; MULE DEER; DYNAMICS; OIL AB Migration is an important component of the life history of many animals, but persistence of large-scale terrestrial migrations is being challenged by environmental changes that fragment habitats and create obstacles to animal movements. In northern Alaska, the Central Arctic herd (CAH) of barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) is known to migrate over large distances, but the herd's seasonal distributions and migratory movements are not well documented. From 2003-2007, we used GPS radio-collars to determine seasonal ranges and migration routes of 54 female caribou from the CAH. We calculated Brownian bridges to model fall and spring migrations for each year and used the mean of these over all 4 years to identify areas that were used repeatedly. Annual estimates of sizes of seasonal ranges determined by 90% fixed kernel utilization distributions were similar between summer and winter ((X) over bar = 27,929 SE = 1,064 and (X) over bar = 26,585 SE = 4912 km(2), respectively). Overlap between consecutive summer and winter ranges varied from 3.3-18.3%. Percent overlap between summer ranges used during consecutive years ((X) over bar = 62.4% SE = 3.7%) was higher than for winter ranges ((X) over bar = 42.8% SE = 5.9%). Caribou used multiple migration routes each year, but some areas were used by caribou during all years, suggesting that these areas should be managed to allow for continued utilization by caribou. Restoring migration routes after they have been disturbed or fragmented is challenging. However, prior knowledge of movements and threats may facilitate maintenance of migratory paths and seasonal ranges necessary for long-term persistence of migratory species. C1 [Nicholson, Kerry L.; Horne, Jon S.; Garton, Edward O.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Nicholson, Kerry L.; Arthur, Stephen M.; Del Vecchio, Patricia A.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Arthur, Stephen M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arctic Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Horne, Jon S.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Lewiston, ID USA. [Del Vecchio, Patricia A.] 1580 Ivans Alley, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Nicholson, KL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.; Nicholson, KL (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK USA. EM kerry.nicholson@alaska.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management; Alaska Department of Fish and Game through Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Projects [3.46, 3.49]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [P30 GM103324]; Bureau of Land Management ARRA [L10AC16256]; ConocoPhillips-Alaska, Inc. FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, ConocoPhillips-Alaska, Inc., and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game through Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Projects 3.46 and 3.49. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number P30 GM103324. Radiocollars were purchased by the Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. National Park Service provided logistical support for winter surveys and caribou captures. Support for JSH was provided by Bureau of Land Management ARRA agreement L10AC16256. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, ConocoPhillips-Alaska, Inc., and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game through Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Projects 3.46 and 3.49. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number P30 GM103324. Radiocollars were purchased by the Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. National Park Service provided logistical support for winter surveys and caribou captures. Support for JSH was provided by Bureau of Land Management ARRA agreement L10AC16256. C. Beddingfield and A. Everts of the Alaska State Troopers provided housing and aircraft facilities for field crews. We are especially grateful for the expertise of net gunners B. Miner, J. Lawler, and M. Kienzler and pilots R. Swisher, T. Cambier, A. Einer, M. Webb, S. Hamilton, P. Zaczkowski, L. Larrivee, and D. Miller. We thank L. Adams, S. Brainerd, L. Parrett, B. Taras, and K. Whitten for reviewing earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 34 U2 54 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 5 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 4 AR e0150333 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0150333 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DI6HK UT WOS:000373599600001 PM 27045587 ER PT J AU Lawler, SN Kellogg, CA France, SC Clostio, RW Brooke, SD Ross, SW AF Lawler, Stephanie N. Kellogg, Christina A. France, Scott C. Clostio, Rachel W. Brooke, Sandra D. Ross, Steve W. TI Coral-Associated Bacterial Diversity Is Conserved across Two Deep-Sea Anthothela Species SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cold-water corals; deep sea; bacteria; octocoral; gorgonian; submarine canyons; microbiome ID REEF-BUILDING CORAL; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; LOPHELIA-PERTUSA SCLERACTINIA; FIXATION ACETYLENE-REDUCTION; MUCUS-ASSOCIATED BACTERIA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; WHITE PLAGUE DISEASE; COLD-WATER CORALS; SP-NOV.; RED-SEA AB Cold-water corals, similar to tropical corals, contain diverse and complex microbial assemblages. These bacteria provide essential biological functions within coral holobionts, facilitating increased nutrient utilization and production of antimicrobial compounds. To date, few cold-water octocoral species have been analyzed to explore the diversity and abundance of their microbial associates. For this study, 23 samples of the family Anthothelidae were collected from Norfolk (n = 12) and Baltimore Canyons (n = 11) from the western Atlantic in August 2012 and May 2013. Genetic testing found that these samples comprised two Anthothela species (Anthothela grandiflora and Anthothela sp.) and Alcyonium grandiflorurn. DNA was extracted and sequenced with primers targeting the V4-V5 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene using 454 pyrosequencing with GS FLX Titanium chemistry. Results demonstrated that the coral host was the primary driver of bacterial community composition. Al. grandiflorum, dominated by Alteromonadales and Pirellulales had much higher species richness, and a distinct bacterial community compared to Anthothela samples. Anthothela species (A. grandiflora and Anthothela sp.) had very similar bacterial communities, dominated by Oceanospirillales and Spirochaetes. Additional analysis of core-conserved bacteria at 90% sample coverage revealed genus level conservation across Anthothela samples. This core included unclassified Oceanospirillales, Kiloniellales, Campylobacterales, and genus Spirochaeta. Members of this core were previously recognized for their functional capabilities in nitrogen cycling and suggest the possibility of a nearly complete nitrogen cycle within Anthothela species. Overall, many of the bacterial associates identified in this study have the potential to contribute to the acquisition and cycling of nutrients within the coral holobiont. C1 [Lawler, Stephanie N.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Kellogg, Christina A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. [France, Scott C.; Clostio, Rachel W.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Brooke, Sandra D.] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL USA. [Ross, Steve W.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. RP Kellogg, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. EM ckellogg@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area, Environments Program through Outer Continental Shelf study on Mid-Atlantic Canyons; National Oceanographic Partnership Program; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) [M10PC00100]; George Lorton Endowed Fellowship through University of South Florida, College of Marine Science; Aylesworth Scholarship FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area, Environments Program through the Outer Continental Shelf study on Mid-Atlantic Canyons. Funding was sponsored by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program and supplied by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) contract number M10PC00100 (contracted to CSA Ocean Sciences, Inc.). Special thanks to G. Boland and R. Green (BOEM) for their coordination efforts, as well S. Viada (CSA) for support during the overall project. Additional funding for SL was provided by the George Lorton Endowed Fellowship through the University of South Florida, College of Marine Science as well as the Aylesworth Scholarship. NR 182 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 21 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD APR 5 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 458 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00458 PG 18 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DI2JG UT WOS:000373321300001 PM 27092120 ER PT J AU Scribner, KT Lowe, WH Landguth, E Luikart, G Infante, DM Whelan, GE Muhlfeld, CC AF Scribner, Kim T. Lowe, Winsor H. Landguth, Erin Luikart, Gordon Infante, Dana M. Whelan, Gary E. Muhlfeld, Clint C. TI Applications of Genetic Data to Improve Management and Conservation of River Fishes and Their Habitats SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID STURGEON ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; LAND-USE; HEADWATER STREAMS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; LOCAL ADAPTATION; BROOK TROUT AB Environmental variation and landscape features affect ecological processes in fluvial systems; however, assessing effects at management-relevant temporal and spatial scales is challenging. Genetic data can be used with landscape models and traditional ecological assessment data to identify biodiversity hotspots, predict ecosystem responses to anthropogenic effects, and detect impairments to underlying processes. We show that by combining taxonomic, demographic, and genetic data of species in complex riverscapes, managers can better understand the spatial and temporal scales over which environmental processes and disturbance influence biodiversity. We describe how population genetic models using empirical or simulated genetic data quantify effects of environmental processes affecting species diversity and distribution. Our summary shows that aquatic assessment initiatives that use standardized data sets to direct management actions can benefit from integration of genetic data to improve the predictability of disturbance-response relationships of river fishes and their habitats over a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. C1 [Scribner, Kim T.; Infante, Dana M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 480 Wilson Rd,13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Scribner, Kim T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, 480 Wilson Rd,13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lowe, Winsor H.; Landguth, Erin; Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Whelan, Gary E.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Div Fisheries, Lansing, MI USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT USA. RP Scribner, KT (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 480 Wilson Rd,13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.; Scribner, KT (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, 480 Wilson Rd,13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM scribne3@msu.edu FU Fisheries Division of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR); Michigan State University; USFWS Sport Fish Restoration Program funds; NASA [NNX14AC91G]; USGS Northwest Climate Science Center; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-1258203]; NSF [DEB-1050459]; Michigan DNR Fisheries Division from USFWS; USFWS FX K.S. and D.I. were supported through the Partnership for Ecosystem Research and Management (PERM) program between the Fisheries Division of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and Michigan State University and USFWS Sport Fish Restoration Program funds. G.L., C.C.M., and E.L. were partially supported by a grant from NASA, grant NNX14AC91G, and USGS Northwest Climate Science Center. G.L. was also supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant DEB-1258203. W.H.L. was supported by NSF grant DEB-1050459. G.W. was supported by the Michigan DNR Fisheries Division from USFWS. The USFWS provided support in development of assessment scores. NR 105 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD APR 2 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 4 BP 174 EP 188 DI 10.1080/03632415.2016.1150838 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DI9CA UT WOS:000373797800008 ER PT J AU Allen, MB Engle, RO Zendt, JS Shrier, FC Wilson, JT Connolly, PJ AF Allen, M. Brady Engle, Rod O. Zendt, Joseph S. Shrier, Frank C. Wilson, Jeremy T. Connolly, Patrick J. TI Salmon and Steelhead in the White Salmon River after the Removal of Condit Dam-Planning Efforts and Recolonization Results SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CHINOOK SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; ELWHA RIVER; WASHINGTON; POPULATION; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS; FLOW AB Condit Dam, at river kilometer 5.3 on the White Salmon River, Washington, was breached in 2011 and completely removed in 2012. This action opened habitat to migratory fish for the first time in 100 years. The White Salmon Working Group was formed to create plans for fish salvage in preparation for fish recolonization and to prescribe the actions necessary to restore anadromous salmonid populations in the White Salmon River after Condit Dam removal. Studies conducted by work group members and others served to inform management decisions. Management options for individual species were considered, including natural recolonization, introduction of a neighboring stock, hatchery supplementation, and monitoring natural recolonization for some time period to assess the need for hatchery supplementation. Monitoring to date indicates that multiple species and stocks of anadromous salmonids are finding and spawning in the now accessible and recovering habitat. C1 [Allen, M. Brady; Connolly, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Engle, Rod O.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA USA. [Zendt, Joseph S.] Yakama Nation Fisheries, Klickitat, WA USA. [Shrier, Frank C.] PacifiCorp, Portland, OR USA. [Wilson, Jeremy T.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Vancouver, WA USA. [Allen, M. Brady] Bonneville Power Adm, POB 3621, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Engle, Rod O.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Snake River Compensat Plan Off, 1387 South Vinnell Way,Suite 343, Boise, ID 83709 USA. RP Allen, MB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA.; Allen, MB (reprint author), Bonneville Power Adm, POB 3621, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM mballen@bpa.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 32 U2 43 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD APR 2 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 4 BP 190 EP 203 DI 10.1080/03632415.2016.1150839 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DI9CA UT WOS:000373797800009 ER PT J AU Wu, ZT Dye, D Vogel, J Middleton, B AF Wu, Zhuoting Dye, Dennis Vogel, John Middleton, Barry TI Estimating Forest and Woodland Aboveground Biomass Using Active and Passive Remote Sensing SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; STAND CHARACTERISTICS; CARBON STORAGE; WOODY BIOMASS; GROUND CARBON; TREE; VEGETATION; CLIMATE; SCALE AB Aboveground biomass was estimated from active and passive remote sensing sources, including airborne lidar and Landsat-8 satellites, in an eastern Arizona (USA) study area comprised of forest and woodland ecosystems. Compared to field measurements, airborne lidar enabled direct estimation of individual tree height with a slope of 0.98 (R-2 = 0.98). At the plot-level, lidar-derived height and intensity metrics provided the most robust estimate for aboveground biomass, producing dominant species-based aboveground models with errors ranging from 4 to 14 Mg ha(-1) across all woodland and forest species. Land-sat-8 imagery produced dominant species-based aboveground biomass models with errors ranging from 10 to 28 Mg ha(-1). Thus, airborne lidar allowed for estimates for fine-scale aboveground biomass mapping with low uncertainty, while Landsat-8 seems best suited for broader spatial scale products such as a national biomass essential climate variable (ECV) based on land cover types for the United States. C1 [Wu, Zhuoting; Dye, Dennis; Vogel, John; Middleton, Barry] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Wu, Zhuoting] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Dye, Dennis] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Wu, ZT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.; Wu, ZT (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM zwu@usgs.gov FU USGS Mendenhall, Land Remote Sensing and Land Change Science programs FX This study is supported by the USGS Mendenhall, Land Remote Sensing and Land Change Science programs. Thanks to the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency for providing the WorldView-2 data. Thanks to Drew Decker for helping with the contract for airborne lidar acquisition, and Jason Stoker for post-acquisition QA/QC. Thanks to Robert Hetzler, Kelly Hetzler, Charles Truettner, Jacob Higgins, Beverly Maxwell, and Terri Victor for providing help in field data collection. Thanks to Todd Hawbaker, Jason Stoker, and Prasad Thenkabail from US Geological Survey, and the three anonymous reviewers for providing valuable inputs to the manuscript. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 EI 2374-8079 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2016 VL 82 IS 4 BP 271 EP 281 DI 10.14358/PERS.82.4.271 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DX0LZ UT WOS:000384055000008 ER PT J AU Detweiler, S Reddy, PR AF Detweiler, Shane Reddy, P. R. TI The 2015 M7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake: Possible Implications for Northeastern India SO JOURNAL OF INDIAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION LA English DT Article DE Gorkha earthquake; Nepal; Kathmandu Valley; Northeastern India; Thrust faulting; Disaster preparedness AB We study the mechanism and pattern of the 25 April, 2015 M7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake and examine the seismotectonics of the region (including the occurrence of the 28 June, 2015 M5.6 Basugaon earthquake in Assam). We also compare the recent events with historical earthquakes along the Himalayan front, and question whether this present event was typical or if we might expect even larger earthquakes to occur in this region. We conclude that there remains a significant seismic hazard, and that it may be prudent to strengthen close monitoring efforts (focused GPS studies, deployment of state-of-the-art seismic networks and high resolution imaging studies) in anticipation of a future event in Nepal, its surroundings, and northeastern India. C1 [Detweiler, Shane] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Reddy, P. R.] Natl Geophys Res Inst, Uppal Rd, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Detweiler, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM shane@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INDIAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION-IGU PI HYDERABAD PA NGRI, UPPAL RD, HYDERABAD, 500 007, INDIA SN 0257-7968 J9 J INDIAN GEOPHYS UNI JI J. Indian Geophys. Union PD APR PY 2016 VL 20 IS 2 BP 291 EP 294 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DU3EC UT WOS:000382092600015 ER PT J AU Peacock, JR Selway, K AF Peacock, J. R. Selway, K. TI Magnetotelluric investigation of the Vestfold Hills and Rauer Group, East Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TIME-FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTIONS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PHASE TENSOR; MAFIC DYKES; PRYDZ BAY; INVERSION; EVOLUTION; METAMORPHISM; RESPONSES; GONDWANA AB The Vestfold Hills and Rauer Group in East Antarctica have contrasting Archean to Neoproterozoic geological histories and are believed to be juxtaposed along a suture zone that now lies beneath the Sorsdal Glacier. Exact location and age of this suture zone are unknown, as is its relationship to regional deformation associated with the amalgamation of East Gondwana. To image the suture zone, magnetotelluric (MT) data were collected in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, mainly along a profile crossing the Sorsdal Glacier and regions inland of the Vestfold Hills and Rauer Group islands. Time-frequency analysis of the MT time series yielded three important observations: (1) Wind speeds in excess of similar to 8 m/s reduce coherence between electric and magnetic fields due to charged wind-blown particles of ice and snow. (2) Estimation of the MT transfer function is best between 1000 and 1400 UT when ionospheric Hall currents enhance the magnetic source field. (3) Nonplanar source field effects were minimal but detectable and removed from estimation of the MT transfer function. Inversions of MT data in 2-D and 3-D produce similar resistivity models, where structures in the preferred 3-D resistivity model correlate strongly with regional magnetic data. The electrically conductive Rauer Group is separated from the less conductive Vestfold Hills by a resistive zone under the Sorsdal Glacier, which is interpreted to be caused by oxidation during suturing. Though a suture zone has been imaged, no time constrains on suturing can be made from the MT data. C1 [Peacock, J. R.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Peacock, J. R.; Selway, K.] Univ Adelaide, Dept Earth Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Selway, K.] Univ Oslo, Ctr Earth Evolut & Dynam, Oslo, Norway. RP Peacock, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.; Peacock, JR (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Dept Earth Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia. EM jpeacock@usgs.gov FU Australian Antarctic Division Grant [2771]; AuScope; University of Adelaide; Australian Research Council [LP0774891, DP0988263]; Research Council of Norway Centre of Excellence [223272] FX Field work was funded by the Australian Antarctic Division Grant 2771 (Chief Investigator A. Collins, University of Adelaide). AuScope provided instruments and some additional funding. Extremely helpful technical support was provided by G. Boren and G. Heinson, University of Adelaide. During this work, J.R.P. was supported by International Postgraduate Research Scholarship at the University of Adelaide. K.S. was supported by Australian Research Council grants LP0774891 and DP0988263 and Research Council of Norway Centre of Excellence project 223272. In addition to logistical support, the Australian Antarctic Division provided archived magnetic time series and hF2 data. The authors are grateful to Pete Carrigan, Jason Watson, and Campbell Harvey for their invaluable assistance with field work and to Phil Wannamaker, John Stodt, and Louise Pellerin for advice on collecting MT data in Antarctica. The manuscript was greatly improved by comments from two anonymous referees. This is TraX publication number 350. The data are available upon request. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 4 BP 2258 EP 2273 DI 10.1002/2015JB012677 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DT6WY UT WOS:000381626700003 ER PT J AU Fletcher, JB Erdem, J Seats, K Lawrence, J AF Fletcher, Jon B. Erdem, Jemile Seats, Kevin Lawrence, Jesse TI Tomographic Rayleigh wave group velocities in the Central Valley, California, centered on the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT SEISMIC NOISE; RESOLUTION; DISPERSION AB If shaking from a local or regional earthquake in the San Francisco Bay region were to rupture levees in the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta, then brackish water from San Francisco Bay would contaminate the water in the Delta: the source of freshwater for about half of California. As a prelude to a full shear-wave velocity model that can be used in computer simulations and further seismic hazard analysis, we report on the use of ambient noise tomography to build a fundamental mode, Rayleigh wave group velocity model for the region around the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta in the western Central Valley, California. Recordings from the vertical component of about 31 stations were processed to compute the spatial distribution of Rayleigh wave group velocities. Complex coherency between pairs of stations was stacked over 8months to more than a year. Dispersion curves were determined from 4 to about 18 s. We calculated average group velocities for each period and inverted for deviations from the average for a matrix of cells that covered the study area. Smoothing using the first difference is applied. Cells of the model were about 5.6km in either dimension. Checkerboard tests of resolution, which are dependent on station density, suggest that the resolving ability of the array is reasonably goodwithin the middle of the array with resolution between 0.2 and 0.4 degrees. Overall, low velocities in the middle of each image reflect the deeper sedimentary syncline in the Central Valley. In detail, the model shows several centers of low velocity that may be associated with gross geologic features such as faulting along the western margin of the Central Valley, oil and gas reservoirs, and large crosscutting features like the Stockton arch. At shorter periods around 5.5s, the model's western boundary between low and high velocities closely follows regional fault geometry and the edge of a residual isostatic gravity low. In the eastern part of the valley, the boundaries of the low-velocity zone and gravity anomaly are better aligned at longer periods (around 10.5s) suggesting that the eastern edge of the gravity low is associated with deeper structure. There is a strong correspondence between a low in gravity near the Kirby Hills fault and low velocities from the ambient noise tomography. At longer periods, higher velocities creep in from the east and narrow the overall dimension defined by the lower velocities. Overall, there is a strong correspondence between the shape and location of low velocities in the Rayleigh wave velocity images, and geological and geophysical features. C1 [Fletcher, Jon B.; Erdem, Jemile] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Seats, Kevin; Lawrence, Jesse] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Fletcher, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jfletcher@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 4 BP 2429 EP 2446 DI 10.1002/2015JB012376 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DT6WY UT WOS:000381626700012 ER PT J AU Murru, M Akinci, A Falcone, G Pucci, S Console, R Parsons, T AF Murru, M. Akinci, A. Falcone, G. Pucci, S. Console, R. Parsons, T. TI M >= 7 earthquake rupture forecast and time-dependent probability for the sea of Marmara region, Turkey SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT; AUGUST 1999 IZMIT; POSITIONING SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS; MOMENT TENSOR INVERSION; GAZIKOY-SAROS SEGMENT; CONSTANT STRESS DROP; STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; SEISMIC-HAZARD; NW TURKEY; ACTIVE TECTONICS AB We forecast time-independent and time-dependent earthquake ruptures in the Marmara region of Turkey for the next 30 years using a new fault segmentationmodel. We also augment time-dependent Brownian passage time (BPT) probability with static Coulomb stress changes (Delta CFF) from interacting faults. We calculate M(w)w 6.5 probability from 26 individual fault sources in the Marmara region. We also consider a multisegment rupture model that allows higher-magnitude ruptures over some segments of the northern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone beneath the Marmara Sea. A total of 10 different M-w=7.0 to M-w= 8.0 multisegment ruptures are combined with the other regional faults at rates that balance the overall moment accumulation. We use Gaussian random distributions to treat parameter uncertainties (e.g., aperiodicity, maximum expected magnitude, slip rate, and consequentlymean recurrence time) of the statistical distributions associated with each fault source. We then estimate uncertainties of the 30 year probability values for the next characteristic event obtained fromthree different models (Poisson, BPT, and BPT +Delta CFF) using a Monte Carlo procedure. The Gerede fault segment located at the eastern end of the Marmara region shows the highest 30 year probability, with a Poisson value of 29% and a time-dependent interaction probability of 48%. We find an aggregated 30 year Poisson probability of M 7.3 earthquakes at Istanbul of 35%, which increases to 47% if time dependence and stress transfer are considered. We calculate a twofold probability gain (ratio time dependent to time independent) on the southern strands of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. C1 [Murru, M.; Akinci, A.; Falcone, G.; Pucci, S.; Console, R.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Rome, Italy. [Console, R.] Ctr Integrated Geomorphol Mediterranean Area, Potenza, Italy. [Parsons, T.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Murru, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Rome, Italy. EM maura.murru@ingv.it FU MARSite (Marmara Supersite) "New Directions in Seismic Hazard Assessment through Focused Earth Observation in the Marmara Supersite," European Integrated Project [THEME-ENV.2012.6.4-2, 308417] FX This work has been partially supported by the MARSite (Marmara Supersite) "New Directions in Seismic Hazard Assessment through Focused Earth Observation in the Marmara Supersite," European Integrated Project, THEME-ENV.2012.6.4-2 (Long-term monitoring experiment in geologically active regions of Europe prone to natural hazards: the Supersite concept), grant agreement 308417. Authors are grateful to David Rhoades, Eleftheria Papadimitriou, and Vassilis Karakostas for the useful discussions and suggestions also on the statistical treatment of data. In this paper, some figures were prepared using the Generic Mapping Tools version 4.2.1. All data and software are freely available from the authors. NR 156 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 4 BP 2679 EP 2707 DI 10.1002/2015JB012595 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DT6WY UT WOS:000381626700025 ER PT J AU Thatcher, W Savage, JC Simpson, RW AF Thatcher, W. Savage, J. C. Simpson, R. W. TI The Eastern California Shear Zone as the northward extension of the southern San Andreas Fault SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SLIP RATES; GPS; EARTHQUAKE; VELOCITIES; LANDERS; BLOCK; CREEK AB Cluster analysis offers an agnostic way to organize and explore features of the current GPS velocity field without reference to geologic information or physical models using information only contained in the velocity field itself. We have used cluster analysis of the Southern California Global Positioning System (GPS) velocity field to determine the partitioning of Pacific-North America relative motion onto major regional faults. Our results indicate the large-scale kinematics of the region is best described with two boundaries of high velocity gradient, one centered on the Coachella section of the San Andreas Fault and the Eastern California Shear Zone and the other defined by the San Jacinto Fault south of Cajon Pass and the San Andreas Fault farther north. The similar to 120km long strand of the San Andreas between Cajon Pass and Coachella Valley (often termed the San Bernardino and San Gorgonio sections) is thus currently of secondary importance and carries lesser amounts of slip over most or all of its length. We show these first order results are present inmaps of the smoothed GPS velocity field itself. They are also generally consistent with currently available, loosely bounded geologic and geodetic fault slip rate estimates that alone do not provide useful constraints on the large-scale partitioning we show here. Our analysis does not preclude the existence of smaller blocks and more block boundaries in Southern California. However, attempts to identify smaller blocks along and adjacent to the San Gorgonio section were not successful. C1 [Thatcher, W.; Savage, J. C.; Simpson, R. W.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Thatcher, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM thatcher@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 4 BP 2904 EP 2914 DI 10.1002/2015JB012678 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DT6WY UT WOS:000381626700035 ER PT J AU Masterlark, T Donovan, T Feigl, KL Haney, M Thurber, CH Tung, S AF Masterlark, Timothy Donovan, Theodore Feigl, Kurt L. Haney, Matthew Thurber, Clifford H. Tung, Sui TI Volcano deformation source parameters estimated from InSAR: Sensitivities to uncertainties in seismic tomography SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; OKMOK VOLCANO; SURFACE DEFORMATION; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; ALASKA; ERUPTION; CALDERA; INTERFEROMETRY; MODEL AB The eruption cycle of a volcano is controlled in part by the upward migration of magma. The characteristics of the magma flux produce a deformation signature at the Earth's surface. Inverse analyses use geodetic data to estimate strategic controlling parameters that describe the position and pressurization of a magma chamber at depth. The specific distribution of material properties controls how observed surface deformation translates to source parameter estimates. Seismic tomography models describe the spatial distributions of material properties that are necessary for accurate models of volcano deformation. This study investigates how uncertainties in seismic tomography models propagate into variations in the estimates of volcano deformation source parameters inverted from geodetic data. We conduct finite element model-based nonlinear inverse analyses of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data for Okmok volcano, Alaska, as an example. We then analyze the estimated parameters and their uncertainties to characterize the magma chamber. Analyses are performed separately for models simulating a pressurized chamber embedded in a homogeneous domain as well as for a domain having a heterogeneous distribution of material properties according to seismic tomography. The estimated depth of the source is sensitive to the distribution of material properties. The estimated depths for the homogeneous and heterogeneous domains are 2666 +/- 42 and 3527 +/- 56 m below mean sea level, respectively (99% confidence). A Monte Carlo analysis indicates that uncertainties of the seismic tomography cannot account for this discrepancy at the 99% confidence level. Accounting for the spatial distribution of elastic properties according to seismic tomography significantly improves the fit of the deformation model predictions and significantly influences estimates for parameters that describe the location of a pressurized magma chamber. C1 [Masterlark, Timothy; Donovan, Theodore; Tung, Sui] South Dakota Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Feigl, Kurt L.; Thurber, Clifford H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI USA. [Haney, Matthew] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Masterlark, T (reprint author), South Dakota Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM masterlark@sdsmt.edu RI Feigl, Kurt/E-8106-2012 OI Feigl, Kurt/0000-0002-2059-6708 FU NSF-EAR [1316082, 0943943, 0943965, 1264290]; NASA ROSES-ESI [1468758] FX We thank the Editor, Associate Editor, and two anonymous reviewers for providing insightful guidance. We also thank Zhong Lu, Tabrez Ali, Ninfa Bennington, and Summer Ohlendorf for helpful discussions. This project was partially supported by NSF-EAR 1316082, 0943943, 0943965, and 1264290 and NASA ROSES-ESI subcontract 1468758. Academic licensing and technical support for Abaqus software was provided by Dassault Systemes Simulia Corp. Data are available from referenced publications. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 4 BP 3002 EP 3016 DI 10.1002/2015JB012656 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DT6WY UT WOS:000381626700041 ER PT J AU Kyong-Song, R Hammond, JOS Chol-Nam, K Hyok, K Yong-Gun, Y Gil-Jong, P Chong-Song, R Oppenheimer, C Liu, KW Iacovino, K Kum-Ran, R AF Kyong-Song, Ri Hammond, James O. S. Chol-Nam, Ko Hyok, Kim Yong-Gun, Yun Gil-Jong, Pak Chong-Song, Ri Oppenheimer, Clive Liu, Kosima W. Iacovino, Kayla Kum-Ran, Ryu TI Evidence for partial melt in the crust beneath Mt. Paektu (Changbaishan), Democratic People's Republic of Korea and China SO SCIENCE ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID TELESEISMIC RECEIVER FUNCTIONS; NORTHEAST CHINA; NE CHINA; INTRAPLATE VOLCANISM; POISSONS RATIO; SUBDUCTION; ERUPTION; ZONE; ETHIOPIA; INSIGHT AB Mt. Paektu (also known as Changbaishan) is an enigmatic volcano on the border between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) and China. Despite being responsible for one of the largest eruptions in history, comparatively little is known about its magmatic evolution, geochronology, or underlying structure. We present receiver function results from an unprecedented seismic deployment in the DPRK. These are the first estimates of the crustal structure on the DPRK side of the volcano and, indeed, for anywhere beneath the DPRK. The crust 60 km from the volcano has a thickness of 35 km and a bulk V-P/V-S of 1.76, similar to that of the Sino-Korean craton. The V-P/V-S ratio increases similar to 20 km from the volcano, rising to >1.87 directly beneath the volcano. This shows that a large region of the crust has been modified by magmatism associated with the volcanism. Such high values of V-P/V-S suggest that partial melt is present in the crust beneath Mt. Paektu. This region of melt represents a potential source for magmas erupted in the last few thousand years and may be associated with an episode of volcanic unrest observed between 2002 and 2005. C1 [Kyong-Song, Ri; Chol-Nam, Ko; Hyok, Kim; Yong-Gun, Yun; Gil-Jong, Pak; Chong-Song, Ri] Earthquake Adm, Pyongyang, North Korea. [Hammond, James O. S.] Univ London, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Birkbeck Coll, London WC1E 7HX, England. [Oppenheimer, Clive] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England. [Liu, Kosima W.] Environm Educ Media Project, Beijing 100025, Peoples R China. [Iacovino, Kayla] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kum-Ran, Ryu] Pyongyang Int Informat Ctr New Technol & Econ, Pyongyang, North Korea. RP Hammond, JOS (reprint author), Univ London, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Birkbeck Coll, London WC1E 7HX, England. EM j.hammond@ucl.ac.uk RI Geophysical Equipment Facility, NERC/G-5260-2010 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 2375-2548 J9 SCI ADV JI Sci. Adv. PD APR PY 2016 VL 2 IS 4 AR e1501513 DI 10.1126/sciadv.1501513 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DR7IB UT WOS:000380072100023 PM 27152343 ER PT J AU Mittelhauser, GH Allen, RB Chalfant, J Schauffler, RP Welch, LJ AF Mittelhauser, Glen H. Allen, R. Bradford Chalfant, Jordan Schauffler, Richard P. Welch, Linda J. TI Trends in the Nesting Populations of Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) and Great Black-backed Gulls (Larus marinus) in Maine, USA, 1977-2013 SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE breeding survey; Great Black-backed Gull; Herring Gull; Larus argentatus; Larus marinus; Maine; population ID FORAGING ECOLOGY; NEW-ENGLAND; SURVIVAL; SEABIRDS AB The status and trends of Maine's island-nesting Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) and Great Black-backed Gull (L. marinus) populations have changed dramatically over the last century. Aerial photographs were used to count nesting Herring and Great Black-backed gulls at all colonies along the coast of Maine, USA, in 2008 and 2013. Population trends were assessed by comparing current survey data to a previous coastwide survey in 1977. The breeding population of Herring Gulls in Maine was estimated at 24,302 pairs nesting on 180 islands during 2008 and 21,488 pairs nesting on 180 islands during 2013. This represents an annual decline of 2.3% in the number of nests in Maine from 2008 to 2013. The breeding population of Great Black-backed Gulls in Maine was estimated at 10,094 pairs nesting on 197 islands during 2008 and 6,934 pairs nesting on 191 islands during 2013. This represents an annual decline of 6.3% in the number of nests in Maine from 2008 to 2013. Nesting populations for both species appeared to peak in the 1990s. Between 1977 and 2013, the number of Herring Gull nests in Maine declined by 17%, and the number of nesting islands declined by 19%. Great Black-backed Gull populations also declined between 1977 and 2013, with a 30% decline in the number of nests and a 14% decline in the number of islands supporting nesting. The reason for the decline is unknown, but we speculate that these declines may be related to changing food availability around colonies and increased predation rates by Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and mammals. C1 [Mittelhauser, Glen H.; Chalfant, Jordan] Maine Nat Hist Observ, 317 Guzzle Rd, Gouldsboro, ME 04607 USA. [Allen, R. Bradford] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, 650 State St, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [Schauffler, Richard P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 100 Merrimac Dr, Newington, NH 03801 USA. [Welch, Linda J.] Maine Coastal Isl Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 279, Milbridge, ME 04658 USA. RP Mittelhauser, GH (reprint author), Maine Nat Hist Observ, 317 Guzzle Rd, Gouldsboro, ME 04607 USA. EM purplesandpiper@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Dorr Foundation; Maine Natural History Observatory; Federal Pittman-Robertson Funds program; Maine Coastal Islands National Wildlife Refuge; Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife; Region 5 FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 5, Maine Coastal Islands National Wildlife Refuge, Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, The Dorr Foundation, and Maine Natural History Observatory for financial support of this project. Portions of this work were also supported by the Federal Pittman-Robertson Funds program and revenue from the sales of hunting licenses. Thanks also to the staff at Maine Coastal Islands National Wildlife Refuge and Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, and Robert Houston of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Gulf of Maine Coastal Program for their considerable contributions to this project. Photography and georeferencing work during 2013 was contracted to Resource Mapping Hawaii LLC. We are grateful to the College of the Atlantic GIS Lab and Gordon Longsworth for letting us use their GIS lab for some of our work. We also thank all of the numerous volunteers and field assistants who spent many hours conducting nest counts over the years. We appreciate Sabina Wilhelm, Greg Robertson, and Paul Regular for sharing information on nesting gull populations in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. We thank Scott Swann, Jill Weber, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD APR PY 2016 VL 39 SI 1 BP 57 EP 67 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DR4PF UT WOS:000379882900007 ER PT J AU Clark, DE Koenen, KKG Whitney, JJ MacKenzie, KG DeStefano, S AF Clark, Daniel E. Koenen, Kiana K. G. Whitney, Jillian J. MacKenzie, Kenneth G. DeStefano, Stephen TI Fidelity and Persistence of Ring-billed (Larus delawarensis) and Herring (Larus argentatus) Gulls to Wintering Sites SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE fidelity; Herring Gull; Larus argentatus; Larus delawarensis; Massachusetts; Ring-billed Gull; winter ID PATAGIAL TAGS; SABINES GULLS; WING TAGS; PHILOPATRY; SURVIVAL; GEESE; POPULATIONS; DISPERSAL; MOVEMENTS; MIGRATION AB While the breeding ecology of gulls (Laridae) has been well studied, their movements and spatial organization during the non-breeding season is poorly understood. The seasonal movements, winter-site fidelity, and site persistence of Ring-billed (Larus delawarensis) and Herring (L. argentatus) gulls to wintering areas were studied from 2008-2012. Satellite transmitters were deployed on Ring-billed Gulls (n = 21) and Herring Gulls (n = 14). Ten Ring-billed and six Herring gulls were tracked over multiple winters and > 300 wing-tagged Ring- billed Gulls were followed to determine winter-site fidelity and persistence. Home range overlap for individuals between years ranged between 0-1.0 (95% minimum convex polygon) and 0.31-0.79 (kernel utilization distributions). Ring-billed and Herring gulls remained at local wintering sites during the non-breeding season from 20-167 days and 74161 days, respectively. The probability of a tagged Ring- billed Gull returning to the same site in subsequent winters was high; conversely, there was a low probability of a Ring- billed Gull returning to a different site. Ring- billed and Herring gulls exhibited high winter-site fidelity, but exhibited variable site persistence during the winter season, leading to a high probability of encountering the same individuals in subsequent winters. C1 [Clark, Daniel E.; Whitney, Jillian J.; MacKenzie, Kenneth G.] Massachusetts Dept Conservat & Recreat, Div Water Supply Protect, 180 Beaman St, West Boylston, MA 01583 USA. [Koenen, Kiana K. G.] Massachusetts Dept Conservat & Recreat, Div Water Supply Protect, 485 Ware Rd, Belchertown, MA 01003 USA. [DeStefano, Stephen] Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Clark, DE (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Conservat & Recreat, Div Water Supply Protect, 180 Beaman St, West Boylston, MA 01583 USA. EM dan.clark@state.ma.us FU Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Water Supply Protection FX Funding for this project was provided by the Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Water Supply Protection, through a trust agreement with the Massachusetts Water Resource Authority. We thank C. Weseloh for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Animal care and use procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Massachusetts-Amherst (letter dated 17 August 2011). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD APR PY 2016 VL 39 SI 1 BP 220 EP 234 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DR4PF UT WOS:000379882900020 ER PT J AU Lease, RO Haeussler, PJ O'Sullivan, P AF Lease, Richard O. Haeussler, Peter J. O'Sullivan, Paul TI Changing exhumation patterns during Cenozoic growth and glaciation of the Alaska Range: Insights from detrital thermochronology and geochronology SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID FLAT-SLAB SUBDUCTION; DENALI FAULT SYSTEM; FISSION-TRACK THERMOCHRONOLOGY; ST-ELIAS OROGEN; SOUTHERN ALASKA; STRIKE-SLIP; U-PB; SOUTHWESTERN ALASKA; FOCUSED EXHUMATION; TECTONIC EVOLUTION AB Cenozoic growth of the Alaska Range created the highest topography in North America, but the space-time pattern and drivers of exhumation are poorly constrained. We analyzed U/Pb and fission-track double dates of detrital zircon and apatite grains from 12 catchments that span a 450 km length of the Alaska Range to illuminate the timing and extent of exhumation during different periods. U/Pb ages indicate a dominant Late Cretaceous to Oligocene plutonic provenance for the detrital grains, with only a small percentage of grains recycled from the Mesozoic and Paleozoic sedimentary cover. Fission-track ages record exhumation during Alaska Range growth and incision and reveal three distinctive patterns. First, initial Oligocene exhumation was focused in the central Alaska Range at similar to 30 Ma and expanded outward along the entire length of the range until 18 Ma. Oligocene exhumation, coeval with initial Yakutat microplate collision >600 km to the southeast, suggests a far-field response to collision that was localized by the Denali Fault within a weak Mesozoic suture zone. Second, the variable timing of middle to late Miocene exhumation suggests independently evolving histories influenced by local structures. Time-transgressive cooling ages suggest successive rock uplift and erosion of Mounts Foraker (12 Ma) through Denali (6 Ma) as crust was advected through a restraining bend in the Denali Fault and indicate a long-term slip rate similar to 4 mm/yr. Third, Pliocene exhumation is synchronous (3.7-2.7 Ma) along the length of the Alaska Range but only occurs in high-relief, glacier-covered catchments. Pliocene exhumation may record an acceleration in glacial incision that was coincident with the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. C1 [Lease, Richard O.; Haeussler, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [O'Sullivan, Paul] GeoSep Serv, Moscow, ID USA. RP Lease, RO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rlease@usgs.gov OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247; Lease, Richard/0000-0003-2582-8966 FU U.S. Geological Survey-Mineral Resources Program; U.S. Geological Survey-Alaska Science Center FX We acknowledge Ray Donelick for ZFT-UPb analyses and Jeff Benowitz, Steve Box, Julie Dumoulin, Eva Enkelmann, Jamey Jones, Sue Karl, Dave LePain, and Erin Todd for discussions. This paper was improved by reviews from Matthias Bernet, Eva Enkelmann, and Rick Stanley. Supporting data are included as 1 table, 12 figures, and 4 data sets in the supporting information. Financial support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey-Mineral Resources Program and U.S. Geological Survey-Alaska Science Center. Support for Haeussler's fieldwork in the Susitna basin was graciously provided by the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 135 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 EI 1944-9194 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD APR PY 2016 VL 35 IS 4 BP 934 EP 955 DI 10.1002/2015TC004067 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DQ9AD UT WOS:000379501900004 ER PT J AU Stumpf, RP Davis, TW Wynne, TT Graham, JL Loftin, KA Johengen, TH Gossiaux, D Palladino, D Burtner, A AF Stumpf, Richard P. Davis, Timothy W. Wynne, Timothy T. Graham, Jennifer L. Loftin, Keith A. Johengen, Thomas H. Gossiaux, Duane Palladino, Danna Burtner, Ashley TI Challenges for mapping cyanotoxin patterns from remote sensing of cyanobacteria SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Review DE Microcystins; Satellite; MERIS; Chlorophyll; Phycocyanin ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; CHLOROPHYLL-A; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; COASTAL WATERS; INLAND WATERS; TIME-SERIES; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; MERIS OBSERVATIONS; NONTOXIC STRAINS AB Using satellite imagery to quantify the spatial patterns of cyanobacterial toxins has several challenges. These challenges include the need for surrogate pigments - since cyanotoxins cannot be directly detected by remote sensing, the-variability in the relationship between the pigments and cyanotoxins especially microcystins (MC), and the lack of standardization of the various measurement methods. A dual-model strategy can provide an approach to address these challenges. One model uses either chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) or phycocyanin (PC) collected in situ as a surrogate to estimate the MC concentration. The other uses a remote sensing algorithm to estimate the concentration of the surrogate pigment. Where blooms are mixtures of cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae, PC should be the preferred surrogate to Chl-a. Where cyanobacteria dominate, Chl-a is a better surrogate than PC for remote sensing. Phycocyanin is less sensitive to detection by optical remote sensing, it is less frequently measured, PC laboratory methods are still not standardized, and PC has greater intracellular variability. Either pigment should not be presumed to have a fixed relationship with MC for any water body. The MC pigment relationship can be valid over weeks, but have considerable intra- and inter-annual variability due to changes in the amount of MC produced relative to cyanobacterial biomass. To detect pigments by satellite, three classes of algorithms (analytic, semi-analytic, and derivative) have been used. Analytical and semi-analytical algorithms are more sensitive but less robust than derivatives because they depend on accurate atmospheric correction; as a result derivatives are more commonly used. Derivatives can estimate Chl-a concentration, and research suggests they can detect and possibly quantify PC. Derivative algorithms, however, need to be standardized in order to evaluate the reproducibility of parameterizations between lakes. A strategy for producing useful estimates of microcystins from cyanobacterial biomass is described, provided cyanotoxin variability is addressed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stumpf, Richard P.; Wynne, Timothy T.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Davis, Timothy W.; Gossiaux, Duane] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Graham, Jennifer L.; Loftin, Keith A.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS USA. [Johengen, Thomas H.; Palladino, Danna; Burtner, Ashley] CILER, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Stumpf, RP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM richard.stumpf@noaa.gov FU NASA [NNH08ZDA001N, NNH09AL53I, 14-SMDUNSOL14-0001]; U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lake Research Initiative FX This work was partially funded by the NASA Public Health and Water Quality Program (NNH08ZDA001N) under contract NNH09AL53I, the NASA Ocean Biology and Biochemistry Programs under proposal 14-SMDUNSOL14-0001, the U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, and the Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lake Research Initiative. This is NOAA GLERL publication number 1804. Steve Ruberg and the captains and crew of NOAA GLERL's research vessels provided invaluable support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The paper benefitted from the insightful comments of the reviewers. NR 104 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD APR PY 2016 VL 54 SI SI BP 160 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2016.01.005 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DN8HK UT WOS:000377319600012 PM 28073474 ER PT J AU Bondi, CA Beier, CM Ducey, PK Lawrence, GB Bailey, S AF Bondi, Cheryl A. Beier, Colin M. Ducey, Peter K. Lawrence, Gregory B. Bailey, Scott TI Can the eastern red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) persist in an acidified landscape? SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE acidic deposition; generalist; local adaptation; northern hardwood forests; Plethodon cinereus; soil acidity; woodland salamanders ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; LOW PH; LOCAL ADAPTATION; NEW-YORK; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; AMBYSTOMA-MACULATUM; EMBRYONIC MORTALITY; SPECIES COMPOSITION; ACID PRECIPITATION AB Hardwood forests of eastern North America have experienced decades of acidic deposition, leading to soil acidification where base cation supply was insufficient to neutralize acid inputs. Negative impacts of soil acidity on amphibians include disrupted embryonic development, lower growth rates, and habitat loss. However, some amphibians exhibit intraspecific variation in acid tolerance, suggesting the potential for local adaptation in areas where soils are naturally acidic. The eastern red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) is a highly abundant top predator of the northern hardwood forest floor. Early research found that P. cinereus was sensitive to acidic soils, avoiding substrates with pH < 3.8 and experiencing decreased growth rates in acidic habitats. However, recent studies have documented P. cinereus populations in lower pH conditions than previously observed, suggesting some populations may persist in acidic conditions. Here, we evaluated relationships between organic horizon soil pH and P. cinereus abundance, adult health (body size and condition), and microhabitat selection, based on surveys of 34 hardwood forests in northeastern United States that encompass a regional soil pH gradient. We found no associations between soil pH and P. cinereus abundance or health, and observed that this salamander used substrates with pH similar to that available, suggesting that pH does not mediate their fine-scale distributions. The strongest negative predictor of P. cinereus abundance was the presence of dusky salamanders (Desmognathus spp.), which were most abundant in the western Adirondacks. Our results indicate that P. cinereus occupies a wider range of soil pH than has been previously thought, which has implications for their functional role in forest food webs and nutrient cycles in acid-impaired ecosystems. Tolerance of P. cinereus for more acidic habitats, including anthropogenically acidified forests, may be due to local adaptation in reproductively isolated populations and/or generalist life history traits that allow them to exploit a wider resource niche. C1 [Bondi, Cheryl A.; Beier, Colin M.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Grad Program Environm Sci, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Beier, Colin M.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Ducey, Peter K.] SUNY Coll Cortland, Biol Sci Dept, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Lawrence, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Bailey, Scott] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, North Woodstock, NH 03262 USA. RP Beier, CM (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Grad Program Environm Sci, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.; Beier, CM (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM cbeier@esf.edu OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X FU U.S. Forest Service Northeastern States Research Cooperative; National Science Foundation FX This research was supported by a grant from the U.S. Forest Service Northeastern States Research Cooperative (www.nsrc.org). We are grateful to Chelsea Geyer, Jamie Wahls, Amanda Temple, Drew Smith, and Sabrina Green for field and laboratory assistance, and to Blair Page, Steve Horsley, Robert Long, and Richard Hallett for sharing data from their research sites. Plots from Bartlett Experimental Forest (USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station) were established as part of a larger project on Multiple Element Limitation in Northern Hardwood Ecosystems (http://www.esf.edu/melnhe/), funded by the National Science Foundation. We thank the staff of the Green Mountain National Forest, White Mountain National Forest, and the Equinox Preservation Trust, for their cooperation in providing access to their lands. We obtained Scientific Collecting permits from New Hampshire Fish and Game, Vermont Fish and Wildlife, and New York Department of Environmental Conservation to handle salamanders, and followed methods approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry (IACUC #120403). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD APR PY 2016 VL 7 IS 4 AR e01318 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1318 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN6VA UT WOS:000377213400012 ER PT J AU Elmendorf, SC Jones, KD Cook, BI Diez, JM Enquist, CAF Hufft, RA Jones, MO Mazer, SJ Miller-Rushing, AJ Moore, DJP Schwartz, MD Weltzin, JF AF Elmendorf, Sarah C. Jones, Katherine D. Cook, Benjamin I. Diez, Jeffrey M. Enquist, Carolyn A. F. Hufft, Rebecca A. Jones, Matthew O. Mazer, Susan J. Miller-Rushing, Abraham J. Moore, David J. P. Schwartz, Mark D. Weltzin, Jake F. TI The plant phenology monitoring design for The National Ecological Observatory Network SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE long-term monitoring; NEON; open-source data; plant phenology; sample design; Special Feature: NEON Design ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; FORECASTING PHENOLOGY; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; SPECIES RESPONSES; SPRING PHENOLOGY; NORTH-AMERICA; ONSET; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY AB Phenology is an integrative science that comprises the study of recurring biological activities or events. In an era of rapidly changing climate, the relationship between the timing of those events and environmental cues such as temperature, snowmelt, water availability, or day length are of particular interest. This article provides an overview of the observer-based plant phenology sampling conducted by the U.S. National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), the resulting data, and the rationale behind the design. Trained technicians will conduct regular in situ observations of plant phenology at all terrestrial NEON sites for the 30-yr life of the observatory. Standardized and coordinated data across the network of sites can be used to quantify the direction and magnitude of the relationships between phenology and environmental forcings, as well as the degree to which these relationships vary among sites, among species, among phenophases, and through time. Vegetation at NEON sites will also be monitored with tower-based cameras, satellite remote sensing, and annual high-resolution airborne remote sensing. Ground-based measurements can be used to calibrate and improve satellite-derived phenometrics. NEON's phenology monitoring design is complementary to existing phenology research efforts and citizen science initiatives throughout the world and will produce interoperable data. By collocating plant phenology observations with a suite of additional meteorological, biophysical, and ecological measurements (e.g., climate, carbon flux, plant productivity, population dynamics of consumers) at 47 terrestrial sites, the NEON design will enable continental-scale inference about the status, trends, causes, and ecological consequences of phenological change. C1 [Elmendorf, Sarah C.; Jones, Katherine D.] Natl Ecol Observ Network, 1685 38th St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Elmendorf, Sarah C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cook, Benjamin I.] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Diez, Jeffrey M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Enquist, Carolyn A. F.] USA Natl Phenol Network, Natl Coordinating Off, 1955 E 6th St, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Enquist, Carolyn A. F.] US Geol Survey, DOI Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, 1064 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hufft, Rebecca A.] Denver Bot Gardens, 909 York St, Denver, CO 80206 USA. [Jones, Matthew O.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mazer, Susan J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Miller-Rushing, Abraham J.] Natl Pk Serv, Acad Natl Pk & Schood Educ & Res Ctr, Bar Harbor, ME 04660 USA. [Moore, David J. P.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1064 East Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Schwartz, Mark D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Weltzin, Jake F.] US Geol Survey, 1955 East 6th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Elmendorf, SC (reprint author), Natl Ecol Observ Network, 1685 38th St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.; Elmendorf, SC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM selmendorf@neoninc.org RI Cook, Benjamin/H-2265-2012 FU National Science Foundation [EF-1029808] FX We thank Shirley Papuga, Yuri Springer, and Lee Stanish for helpful comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Service Agreement EF-1029808. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD APR PY 2016 VL 7 IS 4 AR e01303 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1303 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN6VA UT WOS:000377213400010 ER PT J AU Dunwiddie, PW Haan, NL Linders, M Bakker, JD Fimbel, C Thomas, TB AF Dunwiddie, Peter W. Haan, Nathan L. Linders, Mary Bakker, Jonathan D. Fimbel, Cheryl Thomas, Theodore B. TI Intertwined Fates: Opportunities and Challenges in the Linked Recovery of Two Rare Species SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Castilleja levisecta; Euphydryas editha taylori; rare species; synergistic recovery ID CASTILLEJA-LEVISECTA; EUPHYDRYAS-EDITHA; HOST PLANTS; MANAGEMENT; RESTORATION; BUTTERFLIES AB Rare species recovery presents several challenges for conservation managers, particularly when listed species interact with one another. We present a case study involving two such species: golden paintbrush (Castilleja levisecta) and Taylor's checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas editha taylori), both of which occur in lowland prairies in the Puget Sound region and are federally protected (threatened and endangered, respectively). These two species occupy some of the same sites, and golden paintbrush likely historically served as a larval food plant for Taylor's checkerspot. Managers working to recover these species have encountered a number of challenges and opportunities-recovery efforts for one species may have no effect, positive effects, or negative effects on the other. Furthermore, sometimes rapid recovery actions are necessary on shorter time scales than those at which research typically occurs, and must proceed in spite of significant knowledge gaps. Here we share how our growing understanding of the complex ecology of these species has given rise to large-scale management questions and conflicts, and outline the strategies we are using to navigate these challenges. Our approach has included convening periodic workshops with experts on both species; designing and implementing research studies to fill knowledge gaps about the two species' relationship; and identifying "no regrets" actions that can be taken to benefit one or both species with minimal risk in the face of uncertainty. While the details of this case study are highly specific, the lessons can be applied to other systems with interacting listed species. C1 [Dunwiddie, Peter W.; Fimbel, Cheryl] Ctr Nat Lands Management, Union Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Dunwiddie, Peter W.; Haan, Nathan L.; Bakker, Jonathan D.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & ForestSci, Box 354115, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Linders, Mary] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Thomas, Theodore B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Field Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. RP Dunwiddie, PW (reprint author), Ctr Nat Lands Management, Union Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.; Dunwiddie, PW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Environm & ForestSci, Box 354115, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM pdunwidd@uw.edu RI Dunwiddie, Peter/Q-7709-2016 OI Dunwiddie, Peter/0000-0002-7254-0423 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Department of Defense through the Army Compatible Use Buffer program; Joint Base Lewis-McChord Fish and Wildlife program; Oregon Zoo; Washington State Department of Corrections FX Many researchers, land managers, organizations, and agencies have contributed to the recovery efforts for golden paintbrush and Taylor's checkerspot, and to the formative discussions described herein. Extensive funding has been provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the US Department of Defense through the Army Compatible Use Buffer program, and the Joint Base Lewis-McChord Fish and Wildlife program. In-kind funding has also been provided by the Oregon Zoo and the Washington State Department of Corrections. Numerous other funders have contributed to habitat conservation and restoration efforts. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 10 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 EI 2162-4399 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD APR PY 2016 VL 36 IS 2 BP 207 EP 215 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA DO0OA UT WOS:000377477000013 ER PT J AU Kelly, AE Goulden, ML AF Kelly, Anne E. Goulden, Michael L. TI A montane Mediterranean climate supports year-round photosynthesis and high forest biomass SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Abies concolor; cold limitation; cold sensitivity; drought sensitivity; drought stress; mixed conifer; NPP; primary productivity; white fir ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; SIERRA-NEVADA; EDDY-COVARIANCE; CALIFORNIA; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEM; EXCHANGE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB The mid-elevation forest of California's Sierra Nevada poses a bioclimatic paradox. Mid-elevation trees experience a montane Mediterranean climate, with near-freezing winter days and rain-free summers. The asynchrony between warmth and water input suggests low primary production, limited by photosynthetic dormancy in winter cold, and again in summer and early autumn with drought, yet this forest is characterized by tall trees and high biomass. We used eddy covariance in a mid-elevation Sierra stand to understand how winter cold and summer drought limit canopy photosynthesis and production. The trees exhibited canopy photosynthesis year-round. Trees avoided winter dormancy, and daytime CO2 uptake continued despite a deep snowpack and near-freezing temperatures. Photosynthesis on sunny days continued at half of maximum rates when air temperature was 0 degrees C. Likewise, the vegetation avoided summer drought dormancy, and high rates of daytime CO2 uptake and transpiration continued despite a 5-month period with only negligible water input. We attribute this drought avoidance to deep rooting and availability of deep soil water. Year-round photosynthesis helps explain the large biomass observed in the Sierra Nevada, and implies adaptive strategies that may contribute to the resiliency or vulnerability of Sierran vegetation to climate change. C1 [Kelly, Anne E.; Goulden, Michael L.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Kelly, Anne E.] US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Kelly, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.; Kelly, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM akelly@usgs.gov RI Goulden, Michael/B-9934-2008 FU US National Science Foundation through the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory [EAR 0725097]; US Department of Energy; Jenkins Fellowship; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Fellowship FX This research was supported by the US National Science Foundation through the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory (EAR 0725097) and the US Department of Energy Terrestrial Ecosystem Studies program to M.L.G. Funding was also provided by a Jenkins Fellowship, a National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth and Space Science Fellowship and an Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Fellowship to A.E.K. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 36 IS 4 BP 459 EP 468 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpv131 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DN9MP UT WOS:000377404000006 PM 26764269 ER PT J AU Bonnema, MG Sikder, S Hossain, F Durand, M Gleason, CJ Bjerklie, DM AF Bonnema, Matthew G. Sikder, Safat Hossain, Faisal Durand, Michael Gleason, Colin J. Bjerklie, David M. TI Benchmarking wide swath altimetry-based river discharge estimation algorithms for the Ganges river system SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WATER AB The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of three algorithms that estimate discharge from remotely sensed observables (river width, water surface height, and water surface slope) in anticipation of the forthcoming NASA/CNES Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission. SWOT promises to provide these measurements simultaneously, and the river discharge algorithms included here are designed to work with these data. Two algorithms were built around Manning's equation, the Metropolis Manning (MetroMan) method, and the Mean Flow and Geomorphology (MFG) method, and one approach uses hydraulic geometry to estimate discharge, the at-many-stations hydraulic geometry (AMHG) method. A well-calibrated and ground-truthed hydrodynamic model of the Ganges river system (HEC-RAS) was used as reference for three rivers from the Ganges River Delta: the main stem of Ganges, the Arial-Khan, and the Mohananda Rivers. The high seasonal variability of these rivers due to the Monsoon presented a unique opportunity to thoroughly assess the discharge algorithms in light of typical monsoon regime rivers. It was found that the MFG method provides the most accurate discharge estimations in most cases, with an average relative root-mean-squared error (RRMSE) across all three reaches of 35.5%. It is followed closely by the Metropolis Manning algorithm, with an average RRMSE of 51.5%. However, the MFG method's reliance on knowledge of prior river discharge limits its application on ungauged rivers. In terms of input data requirement at ungauged regions with no prior records, the Metropolis Manning algorithm provides a more practical alternative over a region that is lacking in historical observations as the algorithm requires less ancillary data. The AMHG algorithm, while requiring the least prior river data, provided the least accurate discharge measurements with an average wet and dry season RRMSE of 79.8% and 119.1%, respectively, across all rivers studied. This poor performance is directly traced to poor estimation of AMHG via a remotely sensed proxy, and results improve commensurate with MFG and MetroMan when prior AMHG information is given to the method. Therefore, we cannot recommend use of AMHG without inclusion of this prior information, at least for the studied rivers. The dry season discharge (within-bank flow) was captured well by all methods, while the wet season (floodplain flow) appeared more challenging. The picture that emerges from this study is that a multialgorithm approach may be appropriate during flood inundation periods in Ganges Delta. C1 [Bonnema, Matthew G.; Sikder, Safat; Hossain, Faisal] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Durand, Michael] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Gleason, Colin J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Bjerklie, David M.] US Geol Survey, Hartford, CT USA. RP Hossain, F (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM fhossain@uw.edu FU NASA Physical Oceanography program [NN13AD97G]; NASA SERVIR program [NNX12AM85AG] FX The authors acknowledge the NASA Physical Oceanography program (NN13AD97G) and NASA SERVIR program (NNX12AM85AG) for supporting this work. The Institute of Water Modeling (Bangladesh) is gratefully acknowledged for their generous support with data acquisition and hydrodynamic modeling as part of a 5 year memorandum of understanding with the University of Washington's Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Dani Esteban and Eva Peral are gratefully acknowledged for providing the SWOT simulator package. Additional guidance from Tamlin Pavelsky and Ernesto Rodriguez are also gratefully acknowledged. Data on HEC-RAS and SWOT Simulator for Mohananda River are available on request to the corresponding author of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 2016 VL 52 IS 4 BP 2439 EP 2461 DI 10.1002/2015WR017296 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DN9XA UT WOS:000377432800005 ER PT J AU Penn, CA Bearup, LA Maxwell, RM Clow, DW AF Penn, Colin A. Bearup, Lindsay A. Maxwell, Reed M. Clow, David W. TI Numerical experiments to explain multiscale hydrological responses to mountain pine beetle tree mortality in a headwater watershed SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; LAND-COVER CHANGE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; FOREST DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION CHANGES; SNOW ACCUMULATION; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; LARGE-SCALE; MODEL; INFESTATION AB The effects of mountain pine beetle (MPB)-induced tree mortality on a headwater hydrologic system were investigated using an integrated physical modeling framework with a high-resolution computational grid. Simulations of MPB-affected and unaffected conditions, each with identical atmospheric forcing for a normal water year, were compared at multiple scales to evaluate the effects of scale on MPB-affected hydrologic systems. Individual locations within the larger model were shown to maintain hillslope-scale processes affecting snowpack dynamics, total evapotranspiration, and soil moisture that are comparable to several field-based studies and previous modeling work. Hillslope-scale analyses also highlight the influence of compensating changes in evapotranspiration and snow processes. Reduced transpiration in the Grey Phase of MPB-induced tree mortality was offset by increased late-summer evaporation, while overall snowpack dynamics were more dependent on elevation effects than MPB-induced tree mortality. At the watershed scale, unaffected areas obscured the magnitude of MPB effects. Annual water yield from the watershed increased during Grey Phase simulations by 11 percent; a difference that would be difficult to diagnose with long-term gage observations that are complicated by inter-annual climate variability. The effects on hydrology observed and simulated at the hillslope scale can be further damped at the watershed scale, which spans more life zones and a broader range of landscape properties. These scaling effects may change under extreme conditions, e.g., increased total MPB-affected area or a water year with above average snowpack. C1 [Penn, Colin A.; Bearup, Lindsay A.; Maxwell, Reed M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Integrated GroundWater Modeling Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Penn, Colin A.; Bearup, Lindsay A.; Maxwell, Reed M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Penn, Colin A.; Clow, David W.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bearup, LA (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Integrated GroundWater Modeling Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA.; Bearup, LA (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM lbearup@mines.edu RI Bearup, Lindsay/J-1923-2016; OI Bearup, Lindsay/0000-0003-2339-1983; Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 FU National Science Foundation [WSC-1204787]; U.S. Geological Survey Pathways Internship Program FX The data for this paper are available upon request from the Integrated GroundWater Modeling Center (IGWMC, igwmc.mines.edu). This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant WSC-1204787, and the U.S. Geological Survey Pathways Internship Program. Computational support provided by the NCAR Computational & Information Systems Lab [CISL, 2012, www2.cisl.ucar.edu]. The authors wish to thank Suzanne Paschke, John McCray, Jessica Lundquist, Noah Molotch, Brent Ewers, Joel Biederman, and Dominik Schneider for useful comments on this manuscript. David W. Clow did not materially contribute to the model application described in this publication. NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 2016 VL 52 IS 4 BP 3143 EP 3161 DI 10.1002/2015WR018300 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DN9XA UT WOS:000377432800045 ER PT J AU Dodrill, MJ Yard, MD Pine, WE AF Dodrill, Michael J. Yard, Michael D. Pine, William E., III TI Assessing Predation Risks for Small Fish in a Large River Ecosystem between Contrasting Habitats and Turbidity Conditions SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ENDANGERED HUMPBACK CHUB; COLORADO RIVER; GRAND-CANYON; COHO SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY; PREY INTERACTIONS; COASTAL RIVER; GILA-CYPHA AB This study examined predation risk for juvenile native fish between two riverine shoreline habitats, backwater and debris fan, across three discrete turbidity levels (low, intermediate, high) to understand environmental risks associated with habitat use in a section of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, AZ. Inferences are particularly important to juvenile native fish, including the federally endangered humpback chub Gila cypha. This species uses a variety of habitats including backwaters which are often considered important rearing areas. Densities of two likely predators, adult rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and adult humpback chub, were estimated between habitats using binomial mixture models to examine whether higher predator density was associated with patterns of predation risk. Tethering experiments were used to quantify relative predation risk between habitats and turbidity conditions. Under low and intermediate turbidity conditions, debris fan habitat showed higher relative predation risk compared to backwaters. In both habitats the highest predation risk was observed during intermediate turbidity conditions. Density of likely predators did not significantly differ between these habitats. This information can help managers in Grand Canyon weigh flow policy options designed to increase backwater availability or extant turbidity conditions. C1 [Dodrill, Michael J.] Univ Florida, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Yard, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Pine, William E., III] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pine, William E., III] Univ Florida, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Dodrill, MJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.; Dodrill, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM mdodrill@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation; University of Florida; University of Florida College of Agricultural and Life Sciences FX This paper was developed as part of the Nearshore Ecology Project with funding support from the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation to the U.S. Geologic Survey Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center and the University of Florida. We would like to thank the Navajo Nation Department of Fish and Wildlife, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Humphrey Summit Support, and National Park Service for logistical, permitting, and technical assistance in all areas. We thank C. Finch, B. Gerig, D. Gwinn, J. Hall, J. Pierson, M. Allen, J. Mossa, L. Coggins, C. Yackulic, T. Gushue and M. Hartwell for their conceptual input, technical assistance and reviews of early drafts of this work. MJD was supported by a fellowship from the University of Florida College of Agricultural and Life Sciences. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 80 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2016 VL 175 IS 2 BP 206 EP 221 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN0JC UT WOS:000376749200006 ER PT J AU Robertson, SM Bonner, TH Fries, JN AF Robertson, Sarah M. Bonner, Timothy H. Fries, Joe N. TI Effects of Habitat Utilization on the Life Histories of Two Imperiled, Sympatric Dionda (Cyprinidae) in the Rio Grande Basin, Texas SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DEVILS RIVER MINNOW; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FISH LARVAE; ASSOCIATIONS; DIABOLI; REPRODUCTION; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; STREAM; FECUNDITY AB The genus Dionda consists of at least 12 species, of which most inhabit springdominated streams within the western Gulf slope drainages of North America and demonstrate some differences in habitat selection within these systems. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of stenothermal spring or eurythermal stream habitat selection on the life history strategies of the stream-associated Dionda argentosa, a population of Dionda diaboli restricted to the spring influenced portions of Pinto Creek (Kinney County, Texas), and a population of D. diaboli utilizing stream habitats in the Devils River (Val Verde County, Texas). While differences in spawning seasons between the two species were noted, all three populations displayed life histories characteristic of opportunistic strategists including early maturation, long spawning seasons, production of multiple batches of oocytes, and short lifespans (<3 y). Differences in reproductive season between the spring-and stream-associated Dionda were consistent with the hypothesis stenothermal waters of springs lack terminating cues to induce gonadal quiescence in fishes. C1 [Robertson, Sarah M.; Bonner, Timothy H.] SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, Aquat Stn, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Fries, Joe N.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Resources Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Robertson, Sarah M.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, River Studies Program, POB 1685, San Marcos, TX 78667 USA. RP Robertson, SM (reprint author), SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, Aquat Stn, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA.; Robertson, SM (reprint author), Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, River Studies Program, POB 1685, San Marcos, TX 78667 USA. EM sarah.robertson@tpwd.texas.gov FU Nature Conservancy; Christopher Ring; Texas State University IACUC [0932_1019_34]; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department [SPR-0601-159]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service federal fish and wildlife [TE236730-0] FX We thank the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department for funding and cooperation on this project and Scott McWilliams, The Nature Conservancy, and Christopher Ring for granting us study site access. We also thank Kara Jiminez, research assistant, for assistance in collecting and processing samples. This project was conducted under Texas State University IACUC permit number 0932_1019_34, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department scientific permit number SPR-0601-159, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service federal fish and wildlife permit number TE236730-0. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2016 VL 175 IS 2 BP 222 EP 232 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN0JC UT WOS:000376749200007 ER PT J AU Arini, A Cavallin, JE Berninger, JP Marfil-Vega, R Mills, M Villeneuve, DL Basu, N AF Arini, Adeline Cavallin, Jenna E. Berninger, Jason P. Marfil-Vega, Ruth Mills, Marc Villeneuve, Daniel L. Basu, Niladri TI In vivo and In vitro neurochemical-based assessments of wastewater effluents from the Maumee River area of concern SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Wastewater; Neurochemistry; In vitro cell-free assay; Dopamine; GABA ID MONOAMINE-OXIDASE ACTIVITY; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT; NEUROENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA; FISH; RECEPTORS; INDUCTION; MERCURY; STREAM; PHARMACEUTICALS AB Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents contain potentially neuroactive chemicals though few methods are available to screen for the presence of such agents. Here, two parallel approaches (in vivo and in vitro) were used to assess WWTP exposure-related changes to neurochemistry. First, fathead minnows (FHM, Pimephales promelas) were caged for four days along a WWTP discharge zone into the Maumee River (Ohio, USA). Grab water samples were collected and extracts obtained for the detection of alkylphenols, bisphenol A (BPA) and steroid hormones. Second, the extracts were then used as a source of in vitro exposure to brain tissues from FHM and four additional species relevant to the Great Lakes ecosystem (rainbow trout (RT), river otter (RO), bald eagle (BE) and human (HU)). The ability of the wastewater (in vivo) or extracts (in vitro) to interact with enzymes (monoamine oxidase (MAO) and glutamine synthetase (GS)) and receptors (dopamine (D2) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA)) involved in dopamine and glutamate-dependent neurotransmission were examined on brain homogenates. In vivo exposure of FHM led to significant decreases of NMDA receptor binding in females (24 -42%), and increases of MAO activity in males (2.8- to 3.2-fold). In vitro, alkylphenol-targeted extracts significantly inhibited D2 (66% in FHM) and NMDA (24-54% in HU and RT) receptor binding, and induced MAO activity in RT, RO, and BE brains. Steroid hormone-targeted extracts inhibited GS activity in all species except FHM. BPA-targeted extracts caused a MAO inhibition in FHM, RT and BE brains. Using both in vivo and in vitro approaches, this study shows that WWTP effluents contain agents that can interact with neurochemicals important in reproduction and other neurological functions. Additional work is needed to better resolve in vitro to in vivo extrapolations (IVIVE) as well as cross-species differences. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Arini, Adeline; Basu, Niladri] Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Arini, Adeline; Basu, Niladri] McGill Univ, Fac Agr & Environm Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Cavallin, Jenna E.] US EPA, ORISE Res Participat Program, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. [Berninger, Jason P.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Marfil-Vega, Ruth] Amer Water Innovat & Environm Stewardship, Belleville, IL USA. [Mills, Marc] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Villeneuve, Daniel L.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. RP Basu, N (reprint author), 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. EM nialdri.basu@mcgill.ca RI Berninger, Jason/O-2401-2016; Mills, Marc/C-3449-2017; OI Berninger, Jason/0000-0003-3045-7899; Mills, Marc/0000-0002-0169-3086; Basu, Niladri/0000-0002-2695-1037 FU U.S. EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program [R835170] FX This research was partly supported by funding from the U.S. EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program to NB (grant number R835170). Additional support for the caged fish exposures, sample collection, and logistics were provided by Evan P. Eid, Kyle E. Stevens, Megan N. Hughes, Michael D. Kahl, Kathleen M. Jensen, JoAnn Banda. We thank Dr. Johan F. Gottgens, University of Toledo for providing lab space for the fish necropsy. Thanks to Scott Weasel, Christine Harmon, Chris Middlebrough at the Toledo Bay View Wastewater Treatment Plant. The contents of this paper have been reviewed by the US EPA Office of Research and Development. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The contents neither constitute, nor necessarily reflect, official US EPA policy. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD APR PY 2016 VL 211 BP 9 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.028 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM9OY UT WOS:000376696800002 PM 26736051 ER PT J AU Knightes, CD Golden, HE Journey, CA Davis, GM Conrads, PA Marvin-DiPasquale, M Brigham, ME Bradley, PM AF Knightes, Christopher D. Golden, Heather E. Journey, Celeste A. Davis, Gary M. Conrads, Paul A. Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark Brigham, Mark E. Bradley, Paul M. TI Mercury and methylmercury stream concentrations in a Coastal Plain watershed: A multi-scale simulation analysis (vol 187, pg 182, 2014) SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Correction C1 [Knightes, Christopher D.; Davis, Gary M.] US EPA, Athens, GA 30324 USA. [Golden, Heather E.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Journey, Celeste A.; Conrads, Paul A.; Bradley, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. [Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Brigham, Mark E.] US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN USA. RP Knightes, CD (reprint author), US EPA, Athens, GA 30324 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD APR PY 2016 VL 211 BP 443 EP 443 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.022 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM9OY UT WOS:000376696800050 ER PT J AU Rybovich, M La Peyre, MK Hall, SG La Peyre, JF AF Rybovich, Molly La Peyre, Megan K. Hall, Steven G. La Peyre, Jerome F. TI INCREASED TEMPERATURES COMBINED WITH LOWERED SALINITIES DIFFERENTIALLY IMPACT OYSTER SIZE CLASS GROWTH AND MORTALITY SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Crassostrea virginica; eastern oyster; northern Gulf of Mexico; estuary; climate change ID PERKINSUS-MARINUS INFECTION; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA POPULATION; EASTERN OYSTER; CHESAPEAKE BAY; THAIS-HAEMASTOMA; MYTILUS-EDULIS; DELAWARE BAY; TOLERANCE; SURVIVAL; OXYGEN AB Changes in the timing and interaction of seasonal high temperatures and low salinities as predicted by climate change models could dramatically alter oyster population dynamics. Little is known explicitly about how low salinity and high temperature combinations affect spat (<25mm), seed (25-75mm), andmarket (>75mm) oyster growth and mortality. Using field and laboratory studies, this project quantified the combined effects of extremely low salinities (< 5) and high temperatures (>30 degrees C) on growth and survival of spat, seed, andmarket-sized oysters. In 2012 and 2013, hatchery-produced oysters were placed in open and closed cages at three sites in Breton Sound, LA, along a salinity gradient that typically ranged from 5 to 20. Growth and mortality were recorded monthly. Regardless of size class, oysters at the lowest salinity site (annualmean = 4.8) experienced significantly highermortality and lower growth than oysters located in higher salinity sites (annual means = 11.1 and 13.0, respectively); furthermore, all oysters in open cages at the two higher salinity sites experienced higher mortality than in closed cages, likely due to predation. To explicitly examine oyster responses to extreme low salinity and high temperature combinations, a series of laboratory studies were conducted. Oysters were placed in 18 tanks in a fully crossed temperature (25 degrees C, 32 degrees C) by salinity (1, 5, and 15) study with three replicates, and repeated at least twice for each oyster size class. Regardless of temperature, seed and market oysters held in low salinity tanks (salinity 1) experienced 100% mortality within 7 days. In contrast, at salinity 5, temperature significantly affected mortality; oysters in all size classes experienced greater than 50% mortality at 32 degrees C and less than 40% mortality at 25 degrees C. At the highest salinity tested (15), only market-sized oysters held at 32 degrees C experienced significant mortality (>60%). These studies demonstrate that high water temperatures (>30 degrees C) and low salinities (< 5) negatively impact oyster growth and survival differentially and that high temperatures alone may negatively impact market-sized oysters. It is critical to understand the potential impacts of climate and anthropogenic changes on oyster resources to better adapt and manage for long-term sustainability. C1 [Rybovich, Molly] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, 110 LSU Union Sq, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit,Agr C, 110 LSU Union Sq, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hall, Steven G.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 110 LSU Union Sq, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [La Peyre, Jerome F.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Anim Sci, Vet Sci Unit, 110 LSU Union Sq, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP La Peyre, JF (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Anim Sci, Vet Sci Unit, 110 LSU Union Sq, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jlapeyre@agcenter.lsu.edu FU Louisiana Sea Grant College Program FX We thank Justin Leonhardt, Aaron Honig, James Ialeggio, Jake Farlow, Eva Hillman, Lindsay Schwarting, Phillip Westbrook, Gary Decossas, Bran Wagner, Charles Smith, Scott Harlament, Shea Miller, and Dr. Sandra Casas-Liste for help. We also thank Dr. John Supan for providing oysters for the research and Dr. John Scarpa and Dr. Thomas Soniat for comments that significantly improved this manuscript. This research was funded by Louisiana Sea Grant College Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 13 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2016 VL 35 IS 1 BP 101 EP 113 DI 10.2983/035.035.0112 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DN0HA UT WOS:000376743800012 ER PT J AU Deaton, LE Schmidt, W Leblanc, B Carter, J Mueck, K Merino, S AF Deaton, Lewis E. Schmidt, William Leblanc, Brody Carter, Jacoby Mueck, Kristy Merino, Sergio TI PHYSIOLOGY OF THE INVASIVE APPLE SNAIL POMACEA MACULATA: TOLERANCE TO LOW TEMPERATURES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE apple snail; Pomacea; temperature tolerance; COI sequence ID CANALICULATA GASTROPODA; CAENOGASTROPODA AMPULLARIIDAE; COLD-HARDINESS; WATER; AMMONIA; EXCRETION AB Apple snails of the genus Pomacea native to South America have invaded and become established in Europe, Asia, and the United States. Both the channeled apple snail Pomacea canaliculata and the island apple snail Pomacea maculata have been reported in the United States. The two species are difficult to distinguish using morphological characters, leading to uncertainty about the identity of the animals from populations in the United States. Because the snails are subtropical, their tolerance of low temperatures is a critical factor in limiting the spread of the animals from present localities along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico to more northern areas. The tolerance of P. maculata collected in Louisiana to temperatures as low as 0 degrees C was examined. There was no mortality among animals maintained in water at temperatures of 20 degrees C or 15 degrees C for 10 days. Survival of animals during a 10-day exposure to water at temperatures 10 degrees C and 5 degrees C was 50%. The LD50 for a 10-day exposure was 7 degrees C. Snails did not survive more than 5 days in liquid water at 0 degrees C. Ammonia excretion by animals in temperatures of 20 degrees C and 15 degrees C was comparable to values reported for freshwater gastropods; at very low temperatures, excretion of ammonia was decreased. There was no difference in the mean values of the osmolality of the hemolymph of animals exposed to 20 degrees C, 15 degrees C and 10 degrees C for 10 days. Sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 identified the animals in the Louisiana population used in this study as P. maculata. C1 [Deaton, Lewis E.; Schmidt, William; Leblanc, Brody; Mueck, Kristy] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, 410 East St Mary Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Carter, Jacoby; Merino, Sergio] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Deaton, LE (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, 410 East St Mary Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM led9784@louisiana.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Wetland and Aquatic Research Center; Rockefeller State Wildlife Scholarship FX This research was supported by funding from the U.S. Geological Survey Wetland and Aquatic Research Center and a Rockefeller State Wildlife Scholarship. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 13 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2016 VL 35 IS 1 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.2983/035.035.0122 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DN0HA UT WOS:000376743800022 ER PT J AU Ruthrauff, DR Dekinga, A Gill, RE Piersma, T AF Ruthrauff, Daniel R. Dekinga, Anne Gill, Robert E., Jr. Piersma, Theunis TI Identical metabolic rate and thermal conductance in Rock Sandpiper (Calidris ptilocnemis) subspecies with contrasting nonbreeding life histories (vol 130, pg 60, 2013) SO AUK LA English DT Correction DE BMR; Rock Sandpiper; temperature effects; thermal conductance AB Table 3 in Ruthrauff et al. (2013) incorrectly identified the reference levels for the parameters Sex and Subspecies. The correct reference level for sex is female, and for subspecies is Calidris ptilocnemis tschuktschorum. C1 [Ruthrauff, Daniel R.; Gill, Robert E., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Ruthrauff, Daniel R.; Dekinga, Anne; Piersma, Theunis] NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Ecol, Texel, Netherlands. [Ruthrauff, Daniel R.; Piersma, Theunis] Univ Groningen, Anim Ecol Grp, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Groningen, Netherlands. RP Ruthrauff, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA.; Ruthrauff, DR (reprint author), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Ecol, Texel, Netherlands.; Ruthrauff, DR (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Anim Ecol Grp, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Groningen, Netherlands. EM druthrauff@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2016 VL 133 IS 2 BP 316 EP 316 DI 10.1642/AUK-16-20.1 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DN0QY UT WOS:000376770100019 ER PT J AU Soerensen, AL Jacob, DJ Schartup, AT Fisher, JA Lehnherr, I St Louis, VL Heimburger, LE Sonke, JE Krabbenhoft, DP Sunderland, EM AF Soerensen, Anne L. Jacob, Daniel J. Schartup, Amina T. Fisher, Jenny A. Lehnherr, Igor St Louis, Vincent L. Heimbuerger, Lars-Eric Sonke, Jeroen E. Krabbenhoft, David P. Sunderland, Elsie M. TI A mass budget for mercury and methylmercury in the Arctic Ocean SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE Arctic; ocean; budget; methylmercury; model ID MARINE SURFACE WATERS; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; METHYLATED MERCURY; MACKENZIE RIVER; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; INORGANIC MERCURY; ORGANIC-CARBON; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Elevated biological concentrations of methylmercury (MeHg), a bioaccumulative neurotoxin, are observed throughout the Arctic Ocean, but major sources and degradation pathways in seawater are not well understood. We develop a mass budget for mercury species in the Arctic Ocean based on available data since 2004 and discuss implications and uncertainties. Our calculations show that high total mercury (Hg) in Arctic seawater relative to other basins reflect large freshwater inputs and sea ice cover that inhibits losses through evasion. We find that most net MeHg production (20Mga(-1)) occurs in the subsurface ocean (20-200m). There it is converted to dimethylmercury (Me2Hg: 17Mga(-1)), which diffuses to the polar mixed layer and evades to the atmosphere (14Mga(-1)). Me2Hg has a short atmospheric lifetime and rapidly degrades back to MeHg. We postulate that most evaded Me2Hg is redeposited as MeHg and that atmospheric deposition is the largest net MeHg source (8Mga(-1)) to the biologically productive surface ocean. MeHg concentrations in Arctic Ocean seawater are elevated compared to lower latitudes. Riverine MeHg inputs account for approximately 15% of inputs to the surface ocean (2.5Mga(-1)) but greater importance in the future is likely given increasing freshwater discharges and permafrost melt. This may offset potential declines driven by increasing evasion from ice-free surface waters. Geochemical model simulations illustrate that for the most biologically relevant regions of the ocean, regulatory actions that decrease Hg inputs have the capacity to rapidly affect aquatic Hg concentrations. C1 [Soerensen, Anne L.; Schartup, Amina T.; Sunderland, Elsie M.] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Soerensen, Anne L.; Jacob, Daniel J.; Schartup, Amina T.; Sunderland, Elsie M.] Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Soerensen, Anne L.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Fisher, Jenny A.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Lehnherr, Igor; St Louis, Vincent L.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Lehnherr, Igor] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Heimbuerger, Lars-Eric; Sonke, Jeroen E.] CNRS, Geosci Environm Toulouse, Observ Midi Pyrenees, Toulouse, France. [Heimbuerger, Lars-Eric] Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Heimbuerger, Lars-Eric] Univ Toulon & Var, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSU,IRD,Mediterranean Inst Oceanog UM 110, Marseille, France. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. RP Soerensen, AL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.; Soerensen, AL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; Soerensen, AL (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM anne.soerensen@aces.su.se RI St. Louis, Vincent/G-6842-2011; Fisher, Jenny/J-3979-2012; Sunderland, Elsie/D-5511-2014; OI Fisher, Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691; Sunderland, Elsie/0000-0003-0386-9548; Heimburger, Lars-Eric/0000-0003-0632-5183 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE 1130549, PLR 1023213]; Carlsberg Foundation; University of Wollongong; European Research Council [ERC-2010-StG_20091028]; Northern Contaminants Program; ArcticNet FX We acknowledge financial support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (OCE 1130549, PLR 1023213). A.L.S. acknowledges financial support from the Carlsberg Foundation. J.A.F. acknowledges financial support from the University of Wollongong Vice Chancellor's Postdoctoral Fellowship. J.E.S. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC-2010-StG_20091028). I.L. and V.S.L. acknowledge financial support from the Northern Contaminants Program and ArcticNet. Supporting data are included as nine tables, four figures, and two sections of text in a supporting information file. NR 117 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 16 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD APR PY 2016 VL 30 IS 4 BP 560 EP 575 DI 10.1002/2015GB005280 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM3SY UT WOS:000376268000002 ER PT J AU Baron, JS AF Baron, Jill S. TI Managing nutrients, water, and energy for producing more food with low pollution (MoFoLoPo); What would success look like? SO ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Baron, Jill S.] Colorado State Univ, NREL, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Baron, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NREL, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jill.baron@colostato.cdu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-4645 EI 2211-4653 J9 ENVIRON DEV JI Environ. Dev. PD APR PY 2016 VL 18 BP 52 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.envdev.2016.03.002 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM1GZ UT WOS:000376094800006 ER PT J AU Monroe, EM Alexander, KD Britten, HB AF Monroe, E. M. Alexander, K. D. Britten, H. B. TI Still here after all these years: the persistence of the Uncompahgre fritillary butterfly SO JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Microsatellite; Genetic diversity; Conservation genetics ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; CONSERVATION GENETICS; MICROSATELLITES; EXTINCTION; ALLELES; REGIONS; TESTS; RATES AB The US federally endangered Uncompahgre fritillary butterfly (Boloria acrocnema) lives in isolated alpine habitats of the San Juan Mountains of Colorado, USA. Its apparent extirpation from the type locality and its low genetic diversity raised concern in the late 1980s, thus monitoring for this species has continued and genetic samples were collected in 2008 and 2009 from all but one known site, each on a separate peak. Data for five new microsatellite markers were collected from 316 total specimens, including 26 from wings preserved from 1987 and 1988 seasons. Only three main colonies had high enough sample sizes for adequate analyses. We estimated levels of genetic variability and structure, and effective population size. Despite low demographic numbers at these sites, the species has maintained relatively high heterozygosity ranging from 0.41 to 0.46 at three sites. Allelic richness corrected by sample size ranged from 5.3 to 5.9. Genetic structure assessed with non-spatially explicit methods indicated that despite separation on high mountain peaks, colonies were fairly well mixed, which is surprising for these weak fliers with very short growing and adult flight seasons. Estimates of effective population sizes were low, reflecting the life history and limited habitat range for the species. Comparisons at the site with historic and modern specimens revealed a consistent pattern in genetic indices. Our data suggest that the three focal butterfly colonies exist as a metapopulation that persists due to low-level migration between sites and "temporal leakage" via flexibility in development time in this biennial species. C1 [Monroe, E. M.; Britten, H. B.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Alexander, K. D.] Western State Colorado Univ, Dept Nat & Environm Sci, Gunnison, CO 81231 USA. [Monroe, E. M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Whitney Genet Lab, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. RP Monroe, EM (reprint author), Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA.; Monroe, EM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Whitney Genet Lab, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. EM emy_monroe@fws.gov; kalexander@western.edu; hugh.britten@usd.edu FU National Science Foundation [MRI-0923419] FX We thank summer field staff for climbing to the alpine zones to collect wing clips for analyses. We thank the Gunnison National Forest, Rio Grande National Forest, San Juan National Forest, The US Fish and Wildlife, Grand Junction Field Office and the US Bureau of Land Management, Gunnison Field Office for continued field support. We thank L. Riley and E. Mize for help with microsatellite development. Funding for the genetic analyzer was provided by the National Science Foundation grant #MRI-0923419. We thank two an anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. All specimens were obtained under permit TE186566 issued by the US Fish and Wildlife Service as well as all required state and local permits. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1366-638X EI 1572-9753 J9 J INSECT CONSERV JI J. Insect Conserv. PD APR PY 2016 VL 20 IS 2 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s10841-016-9867-9 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA DM0GU UT WOS:000376022300013 ER PT J AU Speyerer, EJ Wagner, RV Robinson, MS Licht, A Thomas, PC Becker, K Anderson, J Brylow, SM Humm, DC Tschimmel, M AF Speyerer, E. J. Wagner, R. V. Robinson, M. S. Licht, A. Thomas, P. C. Becker, K. Anderson, J. Brylow, S. M. Humm, D. C. Tschimmel, M. TI Pre-flight and On-orbit Geometric Calibration of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE LRO; LROC; Instrument; Camera; Moon; Lunar; Reconnaissance Orbiter; Geometric; Calibration; Distortion; Orientation; Mapping ID MISSION; APOLLO; RANGE; MOON AB The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) consists of two imaging systems that provide multispectral and high resolution imaging of the lunar surface. The Wide Angle Camera (WAC) is a seven color push-frame imager with a 90(a similar to) field of view in monochrome mode and 60(a similar to) field of view in color mode. From the nominal 50 km polar orbit, the WAC acquires images with a nadir ground sampling distance of 75 m for each of the five visible bands and 384 m for the two ultraviolet bands. The Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) consists of two identical cameras capable of acquiring images with a ground sampling distance of 0.5 m from an altitude of 50 km. The LROC team geometrically calibrated each camera before launch at Malin Space Science Systems in San Diego, California and the resulting measurements enabled the generation of a detailed camera model for all three cameras. The cameras were mounted and subsequently launched on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) on 18 June 2009. Using a subset of the over 793000 NAC and 207000 WAC images of illuminated terrain collected between 30 June 2009 and 15 December 2013, we improved the interior and exterior orientation parameters for each camera, including the addition of a wavelength dependent radial distortion model for the multispectral WAC. These geometric refinements, along with refined ephemeris, enable seamless projections of NAC image pairs with a geodetic accuracy better than 20 meters and sub-pixel precision and accuracy when orthorectifying WAC images. C1 [Speyerer, E. J.; Wagner, R. V.; Robinson, M. S.; Licht, A.; Tschimmel, M.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Thomas, P. C.] Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Becker, K.; Anderson, J.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Brylow, S. M.] Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA USA. [Humm, D. C.] Space Instrument Calibrat Consulting, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Speyerer, EJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. EM espeyerer@ser.asu.edu RI Humm, David/B-8825-2016; OI Humm, David/0000-0003-1520-261X; Speyerer, Emerson/0000-0001-9354-1858 NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD APR PY 2016 VL 200 IS 1-4 BP 357 EP 392 DI 10.1007/s11214-014-0073-3 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DM1AP UT WOS:000376077700005 ER PT J AU Kenison, EK Litt, AR Pilliod, DS McMahon, TE AF Kenison, Erin K. Litt, Andrea R. Pilliod, David S. McMahon, Tom E. TI Role of habitat complexity in predator-prey dynamics between an introduced fish and larval Long-toed Salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Long-toed Salamander; Ambystoma macrodactylum; experimental enclosures; refuge use; predator cues; submerged vegetation; growth rate ID HIGH-ELEVATION LAKES; SPECIES RICHNESS; LIFE-HISTORY; STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY; NONNATIVE SALMONIDS; ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS; HYLA-SQUIRELLA; TROUT; AMPHIBIANS; TADPOLES AB Predation by nonnative fishes has reduced abundance and increased extinction risk for amphibian populations worldwide. Although rare, fish and palatable amphibians have been observed to coexist where aquatic vegetation and structural complexity provide suitable refugia. We examined whether larval Long-toed Salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum Baird, 1850) increased use of vegetation cover in lakes with trout and whether adding vegetation structure could reduce predation risk and nonconsumptive effects (NCEs), such as reductions in body size and delayed metamorphosis. We compared use of vegetation cover by larval salamanders in lakes with and without trout and conducted a field experiment to investigate the influence of added vegetation structure on salamander body morphology and life history. The probability of catching salamanders in traps in lakes with trout was positively correlated with the proportion of submerged vegetation and surface cover. Growth rates of salamanders in enclosures with trout cues decreased as much as 85% and the probability of metamorphosis decreased by 56%. We did not find evidence that adding vegetation reduced NCEs in experimental enclosures, but salamanders in lakes with trout used more highly vegetated areas, which suggests that adding vegetation structure at the scale of the whole lake may facilitate coexistence between salamanders and introduced trout. C1 [Kenison, Erin K.; Litt, Andrea R.; McMahon, Tom E.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Kenison, Erin K.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Kenison, EK (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.; Kenison, EK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ekenison@purdue.edu FU Montana State University; Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Counter Assault; Montana Institute on Ecosystems FX This work was funded by Montana State University, with additional financial support from Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Counter Assault, and Montana Institute on Ecosystems. We are grateful to M. Forzley for his work as a field technician, B. Tornabene for his statistical assistance, and reviewers for their constructive comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD APR PY 2016 VL 94 IS 4 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1139/cjz-2015-0160 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DL9HL UT WOS:000375952500001 ER PT J AU Nelson, AA Kauffman, MJ Middleton, AD Jimenez, MD McWhirter, DE Gerow, K AF Nelson, Abigail A. Kauffman, M. J. Middleton, A. D. Jimenez, M. D. McWhirter, D. E. Gerow, K. TI Native prey distribution and migration mediates wolf (Canis lupus) predation on domestic livestock in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE large carnivore conservation; livestock conflict; elk; Cervus elaphus; wolves; Canis lupus; Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; partial migration; ungulate migration ID NATIONAL-PARK; ELK HERD; WOLVES; DEPREDATION; PATTERNS; MONTANA; CATTLE; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; MINNESOTA AB Little research has evaluated how the migration and distribution of native prey influence patterns of livestock depredation by large carnivores. Previous research suggests that the presence of native prey can increase depredation rates by attracting predators (prey tracking hypothesis). Alternatively, the absence of native prey may facilitate predation on livestock (prey scarcity hypothesis). In this study, we evaluated support for these competing hypotheses through analysis of 4 years of cattle (Bos taurus L., 1758) depredation data (n = 39 kills), 2 years of summer and fall wolf (Canis lupus L., 1758) predation and tracking data (n = 4 wolves), and 3 years of elk (Cervus elaphus L., 1758) movement data (n = 70 elk). We used logistic regression to compare the relative influence of landscape features and elk distribution on the risk of livestock depredation in areas with migratory and resident elk. Cattle depredations occurred in habitats with increased encounter rates between wolves and livestock. In resident elk areas, depredation sites were associated with elk distribution and open roads. In migratory elk areas, depredation sites were associated with wolf dens, streams, and open habitat. Patterns of carnivore-livestock conflicts are complex, and using ungulate distribution data can predict and minimize such instances. C1 [Nelson, Abigail A.; Kauffman, M. J.; Middleton, A. D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Kauffman, M. J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Middleton, A. D.] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Middleton, A. D.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Jimenez, M. D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [McWhirter, D. E.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Cody, WY 82414 USA. [Gerow, K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Nelson, Abigail A.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Bozeman, MT 59015 USA. RP Nelson, AA (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Bozeman, MT 59015 USA. EM abnelson@mt.gov FU Wyoming Animal Damage Management Board; Wyoming Game and Fish Department (WGFD); Community Forestry and Environmental Research Partnership Fellowship; University of Wyoming Haub School Summer Research Grant; University of Wyoming Plummer Scholarship FX Funding for this research was provided by the Wyoming Animal Damage Management Board, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department (WGFD), the Community Forestry and Environmental Research Partnership Fellowship, the University of Wyoming Haub School Summer Research Grant, and the University of Wyoming Plummer Scholarship. Our fieldwork would not have been possible without the support of livestock producers in the Cody, Sunlight Basin, and Crandall areas-particularly M. McCarty, J. and E. Foos, D. Geving, W. Donald, and the 7D Ranch. We also thank field technicians for assistance with data collection. For assistance with wolf capture, we thank J. Pehringer and M. Nicholson of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and S. Woodruff of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. For logistical support, we thank C. Queen, M. Bruscino, and other staff in the Cody office of WGFD; A. Pils and L. Otto of the U.S. Forest Service; and the staff of the Yellowstone Center for Resources. For safe piloting, we thank Sky Aviation, Gallatin Aviation, Quicksilver Air, and Leading Edge Aviation. For comments on the manuscript, we thank D. Doak and S. Buskirk; for statistical guidance, we thank H. Sawyer, D. Legg, and R. Neilson. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 37 U2 51 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD APR PY 2016 VL 94 IS 4 BP 291 EP 299 DI 10.1139/cjz-2015-0094 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DL9HL UT WOS:000375952500007 ER PT J AU Cobble, KR Califf, KJ Stone, NE Shuey, MM Birdsell, DN Colman, RE Schupp, JM Aziz, M Van Andel, R Rocke, TE Wagner, DM Busch, JD AF Cobble, Kacy R. Califf, Katy J. Stone, Nathan E. Shuey, Megan M. Birdsell, Dawn N. Colman, Rebecca E. Schupp, James M. Aziz, Maliha Van Andel, Roger Rocke, Tonie E. Wagner, David M. Busch, Joseph D. TI Genetic variation at the MHC DRB1 locus is similar across Gunnison's prairie dog (Cynomys gunnisoni) colonies regardless of plague history SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cynomys gunnisoni; MHC-DRB1; Plague; Prairie dog; Yersinia pestis ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; GROUND-SQUIRRELS SPERMOPHILUS; RECENT POPULATION BOTTLENECKS; DETECTING POSITIVE SELECTION; MOUSE ONYCHOMYS-LEUCOGASTER; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; YERSINIA-PESTIS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AB Yersinia pestis was introduced to North America around 1900 and leads to nearly 100% mortality in prairie dog (Cynomys spp.) colonies during epizootic events, which suggests this pathogen may exert a strong selective force. We characterized genetic diversity at an MHC class II locus (DRB1) in Gunnison's prairie dog (C. gunnisoni) and quantified population genetic structure at the DRB1 versus 12 microsatellite loci in three large Arizona colonies. Two colonies, Seligman (SE) and Espee Ranch (ES), have experienced multiple plague-related die-offs in recent years, whereas plague has never been documented at Aubrey Valley (AV). We found fairly low allelic diversity at the DRB1 locus, with one allele (DRB1*01) at high frequency (0.67-0.87) in all colonies. Two other DRB1 alleles appear to be trans-species polymorphisms shared with the black-tailed prairie dog (C. ludovicianus), indicating that these alleles have been maintained across evolutionary time frames. Estimates of genetic differentiation were generally lower at the MHC locus (F-ST = 0.033) than at microsatellite markers (F-ST = 0.098). The reduced differentiation at DRB1 may indicate that selection has been important for shaping variation at MHC loci, regardless of the presence or absence of plague in recent decades. However, genetic drift has probably also influenced the DRB1 locus because its level of differentiation was not different from that of microsatellites in an F-ST outlier analysis. We then compared specific MHC alleles to plague survivorship in 60 C. gunnisoni that had been experimentally infected with Y. pestis. We found that survival was greater in individuals that carried at least one copy of the most common allele (DRB1* 01) compared to those that did not (60% vs. 20%). Although the sample sizes of these two groups were unbalanced, this result suggests the possibility that this MHC class II locus, or a nearby linked gene, could play a role in plague survival. C1 [Cobble, Kacy R.; Califf, Katy J.; Stone, Nathan E.; Shuey, Megan M.; Birdsell, Dawn N.; Wagner, David M.; Busch, Joseph D.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, POB 4073,1395 S Knoles Dr,ARD Bldg 56, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Colman, Rebecca E.; Schupp, James M.; Aziz, Maliha] Translat Genom Res Inst North, 3051 W Shamrell Blvd 106, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Van Andel, Roger] Univ Calif Berkeley, MC 7150, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rocke, Tonie E.] Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, US Geol Survey, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Busch, JD (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, POB 4073,1395 S Knoles Dr,ARD Bldg 56, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM joseph.busch@nau.edu OI Colman, Rebecca/0000-0002-6854-2100; Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 FU Wildlife Conservation Fund [WCF08017] FX Wildlife Conservation Fund (Grant/Award Number: 'WCF08017'). NR 124 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 6 IS 8 BP 2624 EP 2651 DI 10.1002/ece3.2077 PG 28 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DJ9YD UT WOS:000374568300031 PM 27066243 ER PT J AU Grosse, G Goetz, S McGuire, AD Romanovsky, VE Schuur, EAG AF Grosse, Guido Goetz, Scott McGuire, A. Dave Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Schuur, Edward A. G. TI Changing permafrost in a warming world and feedbacks to the Earth system SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID REGION AB The permafrost component of the cryosphere is changing dramatically, but the permafrost region is not well monitored and the consequences of change are not well understood. Changing permafrost interacts with ecosystems and climate on various spatial and temporal scales. The feedbacks resulting from these interactions range from local impacts on topography, hydrology, and biology to complex influences on global scale biogeochemical cycling. This review contributes to this focus issue by synthesizing its 28 multidisciplinary studies which provide field evidence, remote sensing observations, and modeling results on various scales. We synthesize study results from a diverse range of permafrost landscapes and ecosystems by reporting key observations and modeling outcomes for permafrost thaw dynamics, identifying feedbacks between permafrost and ecosystem processes, and highlighting biogeochemical feedbacks from permafrost thaw. We complete our synthesis by discussing the progress made, stressing remaining challenges and knowledge gaps, and providing an outlook on future needs and research opportunities in the study of permafrost-ecosystem-climate interactions. C1 [Grosse, Guido] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany. [Goetz, Scott] Woods Hole Res Ctr, POB 296, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McGuire, A. Dave] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Romanovsky, Vladimir E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Grosse, G (reprint author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany. RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011 OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141 NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 18 U2 29 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD APR PY 2016 VL 11 IS 4 AR 040201 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/040201 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL6JZ UT WOS:000375746800001 ER PT J AU Scanlon, BR Reedy, RC Faunt, CC Pool, D Uhlman, K AF Scanlon, Bridget R. Reedy, Robert C. Faunt, Claudia C. Pool, Donald Uhlman, Kristine TI Enhancing drought resilience with conjunctive use and managed aquifer recharge in California and Arizona (vol 11, 035013, 2016) SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 [Scanlon, Bridget R.; Reedy, Robert C.; Uhlman, Kristine] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Faunt, Claudia C.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Pool, Donald] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Scanlon, BR (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM Bridget.Scanlon@beg.utexas.edu RI Scanlon, Bridget/A-3105-2009 OI Scanlon, Bridget/0000-0002-1234-4199 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD APR PY 2016 VL 11 IS 4 AR 049501 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/049501 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL6JZ UT WOS:000375746800039 ER PT J AU Larson, JH Richardson, WB Evans, MA Schaeffer, J Wynne, T Bartsch, M Bartsch, L Nelson, JC Vallazza, J AF Larson, James H. Richardson, Wiliam B. Evans, Mary Anne Schaeffer, Jeff Wynne, Timothy Bartsch, Michelle Bartsch, Lynn Nelson, John. C. Vallazza, Jon TI Measuring spatial variation in secondary production and food quality using a common consumer approach in Lake Erie SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ecosystem process; fatty acids; Lake Erie; Lampsilis siliquoidea; nearshore; river mouths ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; GREAT-LAKES; CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOM; ZEBRA MUSSELS; FATTY-ACIDS; TRENDS; RIVER; FISH; PROFILES; INVASION AB Lake Erie is a large lake straddling the border of the USA and Canada that has become increasingly eutrophic in recent years. Eutrophication is particularly focused in the shallow western basin. The western basin of Lake Erie is hydrodynamically similar to a large estuary, with riverine inputs from the Detroit and Maumee Rivers mixing together and creating gradients in chemical and physical conditions. This study was driven by two questions: (1) How does secondary production and food quality for consumers vary across this large mixing zone? and (2) Are there correlations between cyanobacterial abundance and secondary production or food quality for consumers? Measuring spatial and temporal variation in secondary production and food quality is difficult for a variety of logistical reasons, so here a common consumer approach was used. In a common consumer approach, individuals of a single species are raised under similar conditions until placed in the field across environmental gradients of interest. After some period of exposure, the response of that common consumer is measured to provide an index of spatial variation in conditions. Here, a freshwater mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) was deployed at 32 locations that spanned habitat types and a gradient in cyanobacterial abundance in the western basin of Lake Erie to measure spatial variation in growth (an index of secondary production) and fatty acid (FA) content (an index of food quality). We found secondary production was highest within the Maumee river mouth and lowest in the open waters of the lake. Mussel tissues in the Maumee river mouth also included more eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic fatty acids (EPA and DPA, respectively), but fewer bacterial FAs, suggesting more algae at the base of the food web in the Maumee river mouth compared to open lake sites. The satellite-derived estimate of cyanobacterial abundance was not correlated to secondary production, but was positively related to EPA and DPA content in the mussels, suggesting more of these important FAs in locations with more cyanobacteria. These results suggest that growth of secondary consumers and the availability of important fatty acids in the western basin are centered on the Maumee river mouth. C1 [Larson, James H.; Richardson, Wiliam B.; Bartsch, Michelle; Bartsch, Lynn; Nelson, John. C.; Vallazza, Jon] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [Evans, Mary Anne; Schaeffer, Jeff] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Wynne, Timothy] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Larson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. EM jhlarson@usgs.gov OI Nelson, John/0000-0002-7105-0107; Bartsch, Michelle/0000-0002-9571-5564 NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2016 VL 26 IS 3 BP 873 EP 885 DI 10.1890/15-0440 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK3TO UT WOS:000374840500018 PM 27411257 ER PT J AU Ennen, JR Godwin, J Lovich, JE Kreiser, BR Folt, B Hazzard, S AF Ennen, Joshua R. Godwin, James Lovich, Jeffrey E. Kreiser, Brian R. Folt, Brian Hazzard, Sarah TI INTERDRAINAGE MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION IN THE ESCAMBIA MAP TURTLE, GRAPTEMYS ERNSTI SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; Emydidae; freshwater turtles; interdrainage variation; morphology; population genetics ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; TESTUDINES EMYDIDAE; CONSERVATION; FLAVIMACULATA; MITOCHONDRIAL; DIVERSITY; OCULIFERA; PROGRAM; RIVERS; PEARL AB Graptemys ernsti, the Escambia Map Turtle, inhabits the Escambia/Conecuh River, the adjacent Yellow River, and the Pea River further to the east, all of which have been distinct drainage systems since the Pleistocene. We used continuous and meristic morphological and genetic data to compare populations of G. ernsti and found evidence of differences among the three drainages. Frequency of occurrence of a nasal trident differed among the three drainages. Yellow River specimens possessed unique mitochondrial haplotypes while the Conecuh and the Pea shared haplotypes. Five microsatellite loci identified the drainages as being distinct, with the strongest differentiation between the Yellow River and the other two drainages. While these differences do not appear great enough to warrant taxonomic recognition, they do suggest that each population has a distinct evolutionary and demographic history and that they should therefore be managed separately. C1 [Ennen, Joshua R.; Hazzard, Sarah] Tennessee Aquarium Conservat Inst, 201 Chestnut St, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Godwin, James] Auburn Univ, Museum Nat Hist, Alabama Nat Heritage Program, 1090 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Lovich, Jeffrey E.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 North Gemini Dr,MS 9394, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Kreiser, Brian R.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Folt, Brian] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Folt, Brian] Auburn Univ, Museum Nat Hist, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Ennen, JR (reprint author), Tennessee Aquarium Conservat Inst, 201 Chestnut St, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. EM jre@tnaqua.org NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 11 IS 1 BP 122 EP 131 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DK9LL UT WOS:000375251800013 ER PT J AU Peralta-Garcia, A Hollingsworth, BD Richmond, JQ Valdez-Villavicencio, JH Ruiz-Campos, G Fisher, RN Cruz-Hernandez, P Galina-Tessaro, P AF Peralta-Garcia, Anny Hollingsworth, Bradford D. Richmond, Jonathan Q. Valdez-Villavicencio, Jorge H. Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio Fisher, Robert N. Cruz-Hernandez, Pedro Galina-Tessaro, Patricia TI STATUS OF THE CALIFORNIA RED-LEGGED FROG (RANA DRAYTONII) IN THE STATE OF BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibians; conservation; exotic species; San Pedro Martir ID AMPHIBIANS; REMOVAL; STREAMS; BASIN AB The California Red-legged Frog (Rana draytonii) is a threatened species in the United States that has undergone population declines, especially in southern California. Due to the lack of information on the status of Mexican populations, we surveyed for the presence of R. draytonii in Baja California and assessed possible threats to population persistence. Our study area extended from the U.S.-Mexican border to the southern end of the distribution of the species in the Sierra San Pedro Martir. We found R. draytonii at six of 15 historical sites, none at five proxy sites (i.e., alternative sites chosen because the historical record lacked precise locality data), and four at 24 additional sites. The 10 occupied sites are within three watersheds in the Sierra San Pedro Martir (two sites at Arroyo San Rafael, two sites at Arroyo San Telmo, and six sites at Arroyo Santo Domingo). We did not detect R. draytonii at 60% of historical sites, including the highest elevation site at La Encantada and multiple low-elevation coastal drainages, suggesting the species has declined in Baja California. The threats we noted most frequently were presence of exotic aquatic animal species, water diversion, and cattle grazing. Management of remaining populations and local education is needed to prevent further declines. C1 [Peralta-Garcia, Anny; Cruz-Hernandez, Pedro; Galina-Tessaro, Patricia] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, La Paz 23096, Baja California, Mexico. [Hollingsworth, Bradford D.] San Diego Nat Hist Museum, Herpetol Dept, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. [Richmond, Jonathan Q.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Valdez-Villavicencio, Jorge H.; Fisher, Robert N.] Conservac Fauna Noroeste, Ensenada 22785, Baja California, Mexico. [Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias, Lab Vertebrados, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. RP Galina-Tessaro, P (reprint author), Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, La Paz 23096, Baja California, Mexico. EM pgalina04@cibnor.mx OI Cruz-Hernandez, Pedro/0000-0003-2503-6643 FU JiJi Foundation; International Community Foundation; Pronatura Noroeste; University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States (UC-Mexus); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) [CVU 221150] FX We thank Adam Backlin, Clark Mahrdt, Daniela Lopez, Gustavo Danemann, Brad Shaffer, Alan Harper, Ramon Navarro, Andrea Navarro, Ivan Peraza, Bob Mailloux, Melissa Stepek, Gonzalo De Leon, staff of the Parque Nacional Sierra San Pedro Martir, Mike and Pamela from Dark's Sky Ranch, Christian Meling from Rancho Meling, Rolando Arce, and Aide Martorell for assistance. We thank all of the ranch owners for their assistance in reaching their ranches. Ira Fogel of Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste provided editing services. Funding was provided by the JiJi Foundation, International Community Foundation, Pronatura Noroeste, and University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States (UC-Mexus). We give special thanks to the Binational Advisory Board at the San Diego Natural History Museum for their interest and encouragement. Anny Peralta is a recipient of a doctoral fellowship from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT CVU 221150). Collecting permits were issued by the Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT) to PGT (SGPA/DGVS/01458/13). This is contribution number 533 of the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). Any use of trade, product, website, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 9 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 11 IS 1 BP 168 EP 180 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DK9LL UT WOS:000375251800019 ER PT J AU Burk, RA Kallberg, J AF Burk, Rosemary A. Kallberg, Jan TI Cyber Defense as a part of Hazard Mitigation: Comparing High Hazard Potential Dam Safety Programs in the United States and Sweden SO JOURNAL OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cyber defense; cyber resiliency; cyber security; dam safety; dam security; environmental security AB Cyber security tends to only address the technical aspects of the information systems. The lack of considerations for environmental long-range implications of failed cyber security planning and measures, especially in the protection of critical infrastructure and industrial control systems, have created ecological risks that are to a high degree unaddressed. This study compares dam safety arrangements in the United States and Sweden. Dam safety in the United States is highly regulated in many states, but inconsistent over the nation. In Sweden dam safety is managed by self-regulation. The study investigates the weaknesses and strengths in these regulatory and institutional arrangements from a cyber security perspective. If ecological and environmental concerns were a part of the risk evaluation and risk mitigation processes for cyber security, the hazard could be limited. Successful environmentally-linked cyber defense mitigates the risk for significant damage to domestic freshwater, aquatic and adjacent terrestrial ecosystems, and protects ecosystem function. C1 [Burk, Rosemary A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, Palm Springs, CA USA. [Kallberg, Jan] Army Cyber Inst, 2101 New South Post Rd,Spellman Hall Room 4-33, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Burk, RA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, Palm Springs, CA USA.; Kallberg, J (reprint author), Army Cyber Inst, 2101 New South Post Rd,Spellman Hall Room 4-33, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM rosemary.burk@gmail.com; jan.kallberg@usma.edu RI Kallberg, Jan/D-4994-2011; OI Kallberg, Jan/0000-0002-0609-6985; Burk, Rosemary/0000-0002-9658-6768 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2194-6361 EI 1547-7355 J9 J HOMEL SECUR EMERG JI J. Homel. Secur. Emerg. Manag. PD APR PY 2016 VL 13 IS 1 BP 77 EP 94 DI 10.1515/jhsem-2015-0047 PG 18 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA DK5KB UT WOS:000374957700005 ER PT J AU Work, TM Verma, SK Su, CL Medeiros, J Kaiakapu, T Kwok, OC Dubey, JP AF Work, Thierry M. Verma, Shiv K. Su, Chunlei Medeiros, John Kaiakapu, Thomas Kwok, Oliver C. Dubey, Jitender P. TI TOXOPLASMA GONDII ANTIBODY PREVALENCE AND TWO NEW GENOTYPES OF THE PARASITE IN ENDANGERED HAWAIIAN GEESE (NENE: BRANTA SANDVICENSIS) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Birds; cats; genotype; island; PCR-RFLP genotyping; strain ID UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; CATS; SEROPREVALENCE; LINEAGES; PATTERNS; WILDLIFE; ECOLOGY; OOCYSTS; BIRDS AB Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite transmitted by domestic cats (Felis catus) that has historically caused mortality in native Hawaiian birds. To estimate how widespread exposure to the parasite is in nene (Hawaiian Geese, Branta sandvicensis), we did a serologic survey for T. gondii antibody and genetically characterized parasite DNA from the tissues of dead birds that had confirmed infections by immunohistochemistry. Of 94 geese sampled, prevalence on the island of Kauai, Maui, and Molokai was 21% (n=42), 23% (n=31), and 48% (n=21), respectively. Two new T. gondii genotypes (ToxoDB #261 and #262) were identified by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism from four geese, and these appeared segregated geographically. Exposure to T. gondii in wild nene is widespread and, while the parasite is not a major cause of death, it could have sublethal or behavioral effects. How to translate such information to implement effective ways to manage feral cats in Hawaii poses challenges. C1 [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50187, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Verma, Shiv K.; Kwok, Oliver C.; Dubey, Jitender P.] ARS, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 1001 BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Su, Chunlei] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Coll Arts & Sci, M409 Walters Life Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Medeiros, John] State Hawaii, Div Forestry & Wildlife Maui, 54 S High St 101, Wailuku, HI 96793 USA. [Kaiakapu, Thomas] State Hawaii, Div Forestry & Wildlife Kauai, 3060 Eiwa St 306, Lihue, HI 96766 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50187, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2016 VL 52 IS 2 BP 253 EP 257 DI 10.7589/2015-09-235 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DK8XP UT WOS:000375213100007 PM 26967138 ER PT J AU Chinn, SM Miller, MA Tinker, MT Staedler, MM Batac, FI Dodd, EM Henkel, LA AF Chinn, Sarah M. Miller, Melissa A. Tinker, M. Tim Staedler, Michelle M. Batac, Francesca I. Dodd, Erin M. Henkel, Laird A. TI THE HIGH COST OF MOTHERHOOD: END-LACTATION SYNDROME IN SOUTHERN SEA OTTERS (ENHYDRA LUTRIS NEREIS) ON THE CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE ELS; emaciation; end-lactation syndrome; Enhydra lutris nereis; lactation; metabolism; maternal care; reproductive cycle; southern sea otter ID FUR SEALS; REPRODUCTION; PATTERNS; THERMOREGULATION; POPULATION; SPECIALIZATION; MORTALITY; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; BUDGETS AB Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) have exceptionally high energetic requirements, which nearly double during lactation and pup care. Thus, females are extremely vulnerable to caloric insufficiency. Despite a number of compensatory strategies, the metabolic challenge of reproduction culminates in numerous maternal deaths annually. Massive depletion of energy reserves results in a case presentation that we define as end-lactation syndrome (ELS), characterized by moderate to severe emaciation not attributable to a concurrent, independent disease process in females dying during late pup care or postweaning. We compiled detailed data for 108 adult female southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) examined postmortem that stranded in California, US, 2005-12, and assessed pathology, reproductive status, and the location and timing of stranding. We introduce simple, grossly apparent, standardized physical criteria to assess reproductive stage for female sea otters. We also describe ELS, examine associated risk factors, and highlight female life history strategies that likely optimize reproduction and survival. Our data suggest that females can reset both the timing and energetic demands of reproduction through fetal loss, pup abandonment, or early weaning as part of specific physiologic checkpoints during each reproductive cycle. Females appear to preload nutritionally during delayed implantation and gestation to increase fitness and reproductive success. We found that ELS was a major cause of death, affecting 56% of enrolled adult females. Peak ELS prevalence occurred in late spring, possibly reflecting the population trend toward fall/winter pupping. Increasing age and number of pregnancies were associated with a higher risk of ELS. Although the proportion of ELS females was highest in areas with dense sea otter populations, cases were recovered throughout the range, suggesting that death from ELS is associated with, but not solely caused by, population resource limitation. C1 [Chinn, Sarah M.; Miller, Melissa A.; Batac, Francesca I.; Dodd, Erin M.; Henkel, Laird A.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Off Spill Prevent & Response, 1451 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Miller, Melissa A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 1089 Vet Med Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tinker, M. Tim] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Hlth Ctr, Long Marine Lab, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Staedler, Michelle M.] Monterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Miller, MA (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Off Spill Prevent & Response, 1451 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.; Miller, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 1089 Vet Med Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM melissa.miller@wildlife.ca.gov FU California Department of Fish and Wildlife Office of Spill Prevention and Response; California tax payers FX We thank the researchers, field technicians, and volunteers of the US Geological Survey-Western Ecological Research Center, The Monterey Bay Aquarium's Sea Otter Program, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, The Marine Mammal Center, and the University of California, Santa Cruz, who helped collect stranded sea otters along the California coast, especially Michael Harris. Special thanks to the veterinarians, staff, interns, and volunteers at the Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center that conducted numerous postmortem examinations with great detail and for managing the resulting data. Funding for this work was provided in part by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife Office of Spill Prevention and Response and by donations by California tax payers to the California Sea Otter Fund. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2016 VL 52 IS 2 BP 307 EP 318 DI 10.7589/2015-06-158 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DK8XP UT WOS:000375213100014 PM 26967137 ER PT J AU Hofmeister, EK Dusek, RJ Fassbinder-Orth, C Owen, B Franson, JC AF Hofmeister, Erik K. Dusek, Robert J. Fassbinder-Orth, Carol Owen, Benjamin Franson, J. Christian TI SUSCEPTIBILITY AND ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF VESPER SPARROWS (POOECETES GRAMINEUS) TO WEST NILE VIRUS: A POTENTIAL AMPLIFICATION HOST IN SAGEBRUSH-GRASSLAND HABITAT SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Pooecetes gramineus; Vesper Sparrow; West Nile virus; zoonotic disease ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; PASSER-DOMESTICUS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; VECTOR COMPETENCE; TRANSMISSION; CULICIDAE; BIRDS; CULEX AB West Nile virus (WNV) spread to the US western plains states in 2003, when a significant mortality event attributed to WNV occurred in Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). The role of avian species inhabiting sagebrush in the amplification of WNV in arid and semiarid regions of the North America is unknown. We conducted an experimental WNV challenge study in Vesper Sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus), a species common to sagebrush and grassland habitats found throughout much of North America. We found Vesper Sparrows to be moderately susceptible to WNV, developing viremia considered sufficient to transmit WNV to feeding mosquitoes, but the majority of birds were capable of surviving infection and developing a humoral immune response to the WNV nonstructural 1 and envelope proteins. Despite clearance of viremia, after 6 mo, WNV was detected molecularly in three birds and cultured from one bird. Surviving Vesper Sparrows were resistant to reinfection 6 mo after the initial challenge. Vesper sparrows could play a role in the amplification of WNV in sagebrush habitat and other areas of their range, but rapid clearance of WNV may limit their importance as competent amplification hosts of WNV. C1 [Hofmeister, Erik K.; Dusek, Robert J.; Franson, J. Christian] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Fassbinder-Orth, Carol] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 226 Russell Labs,1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Fassbinder-Orth, Carol; Owen, Benjamin] Creighton Univ, Dept Biol, 2500 Calif Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. RP Hofmeister, EK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM ehofmeister@usgs.gov OI Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 FU Creighton University Ferlic Summer Research Program FX We thank L. Karwal and M. Lund for technical assistance. This project was supported in part by the Creighton University Ferlic Summer Research Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2016 VL 52 IS 2 BP 345 EP 353 DI 10.7589/2015-06-148 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DK8XP UT WOS:000375213100018 PM 26981692 ER PT J AU Hofmeister, EK Jankowski, MD Goldberg, D Franson, JC AF Hofmeister, Erik K. Jankowski, Mark D. Goldberg, Diana Franson, J. Christian TI SURVEY FOR WEST NILE VIRUS ANTIBODIES IN WILD DUCKS, 2004-06, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE American Wigeon; Duck; Mallard; Northern Pintail; serologic response; West Nile virus; Wood Duck ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; DOMESTIC DUCKS; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; BIRDS; INFECTION; MORTALITY; ANAS AB Detection of West Nile virus (WNV) in ducks has been reported in North America in isolated cases of mortality in wild waterbirds and following outbreaks in farmed ducks. Although the virus has been noted as an apparent incidental finding in several species of ducks, little is known about the prevalence of exposure or the outcome of infection with WNV in wild ducks in North America. From 2004-06, we collected sera from 1,406 wild-caught American Wigeon (Anas americana), Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), and Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) ducks at national wildlife refuges (NWRs) in North Dakota and Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa) at NWRs in South Carolina and Tennessee. We measured the prevalence of previous exposure to WNV in these ducks by measuring WNV antibodies and evaluated variation in exposure among species, age, and year. Additionally, we evaluated the performance of a commercial antibody to wild bird immunoglobulin in duck species that varied in their phylogenetic relatedness to the bird species the antibody was directed against. As determined by a screening immunoassay and a confirmatory plaque reduction neutralization assay, the prevalence of WNV antibody was 10%. In light of experimental studies that show ducks to be relatively resistant to mortality caused by WNV, the antibody prevalence we detected suggests that wild ducks may be less-frequently exposed to WNV than expected for birds inhabiting wetlands where they may acquire infection from mosquitoes. C1 [Hofmeister, Erik K.; Jankowski, Mark D.; Goldberg, Diana; Franson, J. Christian] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Jankowski, Mark D.] US EPA, Off Environm Review & Assessment, Risk Evaluat Unit, 1200 6th Ave,Suite 900,OEA-140, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Hofmeister, EK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM ehofmeister@usgs.gov OI Goldberg, Diana/0000-0001-8540-8512 NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2016 VL 52 IS 2 BP 354 EP 363 DI 10.7589/2015-06-137 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DK8XP UT WOS:000375213100019 PM 26981693 ER PT J AU Manlove, KR Walker, JG Craft, ME Huyvaert, KP Joseph, MB Miller, RS Nol, P Patyk, KA O'Brien, D Walsh, DP Cross, PC AF Manlove, Kezia R. Walker, Josephine G. Craft, Meggan E. Huyvaert, Kathryn P. Joseph, Maxwell B. Miller, Ryan S. Nol, Pauline Patyk, Kelly A. O'Brien, Daniel Walsh, Daniel P. Cross, Paul C. TI "One Health" or Three? Publication Silos Among the One Health Disciplines SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; INTERDISCIPLINARITY; INFERENCE; SCIENCE; MANAGEMENT; INTERFACE; DYNAMICS; COLLAPSE; GROWTH AB The One Health initiative is a global effort fostering interdisciplinary collaborations to address challenges in human, animal, and environmental health. While One Health has received considerable press, its benefits remain unclear because its effects have not been quantitatively described. We systematically surveyed the published literature and used social network analysis to measure interdisciplinarity in One Health studies constructing dynamic pathogen transmission models. The number of publications fulfilling our search criteria increased by 14.6% per year, which is faster than growth rates for life sciences as a whole and for most biology subdisciplines. Surveyed publications clustered into three communities: one used by ecologists, one used by veterinarians, and a third diverse-authorship community used by population biologists, mathematicians, epidemiologists, and experts in human health. Overlap between these communities increased through time in terms of author number, diversity of co-author affiliations, and diversity of citations. However, communities continue to differ in the systems studied, questions asked, and methods employed. While the infectious disease research community has made significant progress toward integrating its participating disciplines, some segregation-especially along the veterinary/ecological research interface-remains. C1 [Manlove, Kezia R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Walker, Josephine G.] Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Craft, Meggan E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Huyvaert, Kathryn P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Joseph, Maxwell B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, Ryan S.; Patyk, Kelly A.] Sci Technol & Anal Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Nol, Pauline] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [O'Brien, Daniel] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Dis Lab, Lansing, MI USA. [Walsh, Daniel P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Manlove, KR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kezia.manlove@gmail.com RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012; OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213; Walker, Josephine/0000-0002-9732-5738; Walsh, Daniel/0000-0002-7772-2445; Manlove, Kezia/0000-0002-7200-5236; Miller, Ryan/0000-0003-3892-0251 FU National Science Foundation through NSF [DBI-1300426]; University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Penn State academic computing fellowship; Morris Animal Foundation [D13ZO-081]; University of Bristol; NSF GRFP; Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act under Michigan Pittman-Robertson Project [W-147-R]; Colorado State University; USDA [13-9208-0346-CA]; NSF [DEB-1413925]; Cooperative State Research Service (USDA) [MINV 62-044, 62-051] FX This work was assisted through author participation in the Interface Disease Models Investigative Workshop at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS), sponsored by the National Science Foundation through NSF Award #DBI-1300426, with additional support from The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. KRM was supported on a Penn State academic computing fellowship and a Morris Animal Foundation grant (D13ZO-081). JGW was supported by a University of Bristol Postgraduate Research Scholarship. MBJ was supported by the NSF GRFP. DO was supported by the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act under Michigan Pittman-Robertson Project W-147-R. KPH was supported by Colorado State University and USDA Cooperative Agreement #13-9208-0346-CA. MEC was supported by NSF (DEB-1413925) and the Cooperative State Research Service (USDA) under Project Numbers MINV 62-044 and 62-051. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1545-7885 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 14 IS 4 AR e1002448 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002448 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA DK7HC UT WOS:000375094800019 PM 27100532 ER PT J AU Sun, YF Chen, CS Beardsley, RC Ullman, D Butman, B Lin, HC AF Sun, Yunfang Chen, Changsheng Beardsley, Robert C. Ullman, Dave Butman, Bradford Lin, Huichan TI Surface circulation in Block Island Sound and adjacent coastal and shelf regions:. A FVCOM-CODAR comparison SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID KINETIC-ENERGY DISSIPATION; NEW-YORK BIGHT; FINITE-VOLUME; UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS; BREAKING WAVES; GEORGES-BANK; LONG-ISLAND; HF RADAR; MODEL; CURRENTS AB CODAR-derived surface currents in Block Island Sound over the period of June 2000 through September 2008 were compared to currents computed using the Northeast Coastal Ocean Forecast System (NECOFS). The measurement uncertainty of CODAR-derived currents, estimated using statistics of a screened nine-year time series of hourly-averaged flow field, ranged from 3 to 7 cm/s in speed and 4 degrees to 14 degrees in direction. The CODAR-derived and model-computed kinetic energy spectrum densities were in good agreement at subtidal frequencies, but the NECOFS-derived currents were larger by about 28% at semi diurnal and diurnal tidal frequencies. The short-term (hourly to daily) current variability was dominated by the semidiurnal tides (predominantly the M-2 tide), which on average accounted for similar to 87% of the total kinetic energy. The diurnal tidal and subtidal variability accounted for similar to 4% and similar to 9% of the total kinetic energy, respectively. The monthly-averaged difference between the CODAR-derived and model computed velocities over the study area was 6 cm/s or less in speed and 28 degrees or less in direction over the study period. An EOF analysis for the low-frequency vertically-averaged model current field showed that the water transport in the Block Island Sound region was dominated by modes 1 and 2, which accounted for 89% and 7% of the total variance, respectively. Mode 1 represented a relatively stationary spatial and temporal flow pattern with a magnitude that varied with season. Mode 2 was characterized mainly by a secondary cross-shelf flow and a relatively strong along-shelf flow. Process-oriented model experiments indicated that the relatively stationary flow pattern found in mode 1 was a result of tidal rectification and its magnitude changed with seasonal stratification. Correlation analysis between the flow and wind stress suggested that the cross-shelf water transport and its temporal variability in mode 2 were highly correlated to the surface wind forcing. The mode 2 derived onshore and offshore water transport, and was consistent with wind-driven Ekman theory. The along-shelf water transport over the outer shelf, where a large portion of the water flowed from upstream Nantucket Shoals, was not highly correlated to the surface wind stress. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Yunfang; Chen, Changsheng; Lin, Huichan] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 706 South Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. [Beardsley, Robert C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ullman, Dave] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, 215 South Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Butman, Bradford] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Sun, Yunfang] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave,Bldg 54-1810, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Sun, YF (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave,Bldg 54-1810, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM yfsun@mit.edu; c1chen@umassd.edu; rbeardsley@whoi.edu; dullman@mail.uri.edu; bbutman@usgs.gov; hlin@umassd.edu OI Sun, Yunfang/0000-0001-6656-2581 FU United States National Science Foundation NSF [OCE-1332207, OCE-1332666]; MIT Sea Grant College Program [2012-R/RC-127]; NOAA NERACOOS program funds; NSF [OCE-1203393]; International Center for Marine Studies at Shanghai Ocean University through the "Shanghai Universities First-class Disciplines Project"; Mid-Atlantic Regional Association Coastal Ocean Observing System FX This work was supported by the United States National Science Foundation NSF grants OCE-1332207 and OCE-1332666, MIT Sea Grant College Program through grant 2012-R/RC-127, and the NOAA NERACOOS program funds for NECOFS. Operational funding for the CODAR systems used in this study was provided by the Mid-Atlantic Regional Association Coastal Ocean Observing System. The development of the Global-FVCOM system has been supported by NSF grants OCE-1203393. C. Chen's contribution was also supported by the International Center for Marine Studies at Shanghai Ocean University through the "Shanghai Universities First-class Disciplines Project". We would like to thank Dan Codiga and James O'Donnell for the ADCP data, Todd Fake for the operation and maintenance of these CODAR systems, Miles Sundermeyer for helpful discussions and Zhigang Lai for providing the Global-FVCOM output for the nesting boundary conditions. James O'Donnell and Bruce Taggart provided helpful reviews and suggestions. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2016 VL 143 BP 26 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2016.02.005 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DK4VS UT WOS:000374919000003 ER PT J AU Simons, G Bastiaanssen, W Ngo, LA Hain, CR Anderson, M Senay, G AF Simons, Gijs Bastiaanssen, Wim Le An Ngo Hain, Christopher R. Anderson, Martha Senay, Gabriel TI Integrating Global Satellite-Derived Data Products as a Pre-Analysis for Hydrological Modelling Studies: A Case Study for the Red River Basin SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE global satellite-derived data; intercomparison; evapotranspiration; Red River Basin; hydrological modeling; water accounting ID REMOTELY-SENSED EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; WATER-BALANCE; SURFACE-WATER; TIME-SERIES; NILE BASIN; RAINFALL; MODIS; CONSUMPTION; EVAPORATION; RESOLUTION AB With changes in weather patterns and intensifying anthropogenic water use, there is an increasing need for spatio-temporal information on water fluxes and stocks in river basins. The assortment of satellite-derived open-access information sources on rainfall (P) and land use/land cover (LULC) is currently being expanded with the application of actual evapotranspiration (ETact) algorithms on the global scale. We demonstrate how global remotely sensed P and ETact datasets can be merged to examine hydrological processes such as storage changes and streamflow prior to applying a numerical simulation model. The study area is the Red River Basin in China in Vietnam, a generally challenging basin for remotely sensed information due to frequent cloud cover. Over this region, several satellite-based P and ETact products are compared, and performance is evaluated using rain gauge records and longer-term averaged streamflow. A method is presented for fusing multiple satellite-derived ETact estimates to generate an ensemble product that may be less susceptible, on a global basis, to errors in individual modeling approaches. Subsequently, monthly satellite-derived rainfall and ETact are combined to assess the water balance for individual subcatchments and types of land use, defined using a global land use classification improved based on auxiliary satellite data. It was found that a combination of TRMM rainfall and the ensemble ETact product is consistent with streamflow records in both space and time. It is concluded that monthly storage changes, multi-annual streamflow and water yield per LULC type in the Red River Basin can be successfully assessed based on currently available global satellite-derived products. C1 [Simons, Gijs; Bastiaanssen, Wim] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Water Management, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Stevinweg 1, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands. [Simons, Gijs] FutureWater, Costerweg 1V, NL-6702 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Bastiaanssen, Wim] UNESCO IHE, Westvest 7, NL-2611 AX Delft, Netherlands. [Le An Ngo] Thuy Loi Univ, Fac Hydrol & Water Resources, 175 Tay Son, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Hain, Christopher R.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Anderson, Martha] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Senay, Gabriel] Colorado State Univ, North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, USGS EROS Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Simons, G (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Dept Water Management, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Stevinweg 1, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands.; Simons, G (reprint author), FutureWater, Costerweg 1V, NL-6702 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. EM g.w.h.simons@tudelft.nl; wim.bastiaanssen@gmail.com; annl@wru.vn; Chris.Hain@noaa.gov; martha.anderson@ars.usda.gov; senay@usgs.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU CGIAR Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE) [MK27]; Delft University of Technology; Government of The Netherlands FX Part of this research was funded by the CGIAR Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE) MK27 program. Funds for publishing in open access were provided by the Open Access Fund of Delft University of Technology. The authors are grateful to the following persons and institutes for making available the global ETact products: Albert van Dijk (University of Australia), Juan Pablo Guerschman (CSIRO) and Jorge Pena Arancibia (CSIRO) for CMRSET, and Xuelong Chen (ITC) for SEBS. Hydrometeorological data were acquired in the framework of the project Demonstration of Remote Sensing Information for Integrated Reservoir Management in the Red River Basin in Northern Vietnam, funded by the Government of The Netherlands. The authors are thankful to Dung Duc Le and Duc Anh Nguyen of VINWATER for their assistance in acquiring, processing and interpreting the hydrometeorological data, and to Lan Thanh Ha of IWRP for his valuable inputs. NR 102 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2016 VL 8 IS 4 AR UNSP 279 DI 10.3390/rs8040279 PG 28 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DK8DD UT WOS:000375156500012 ER PT J AU Castro, JM Beavers, A AF Castro, Janine M. Beavers, Aaron TI Providing Aquatic Organism Passage in Vertically Unstable Streams SO WATER LA English DT Article DE fish passage; barriers; culverts; incision; grade stabilization; stream evolution ID FISH PASSAGE; WASHINGTON; ROADS AB Aquatic organism passage barriers have been identified as one of the key impediments to recovery of salmonids and other migratory aquatic organisms in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. As such, state and federal agencies invest millions of dollars annually to address passage barriers. Because many barriers function as ad hoc grade control structures, their removal and/or replacement can unwittingly set off a cascade of effects that can negatively impact the very habitat and passage that project proponents seek to improve. The resultant vertical instability can result in a suite of effects that range from floodplain disconnection and loss of backwater and side channel habitat, to increased levels of turbidity. Risk assessment, including an evaluation of both the stage of stream evolution and a longitudinal profile analysis, provides a framework for determining if grade control is warranted, and if so, what type of structure is most geomorphically appropriate. Potential structures include placement of large wood and roughness elements, and constructed riffles, step-pools, and cascades. The use of structure types that mimic natural reach scale geomorphic analogues should result in improved aquatic organism passage, increased structural resilience, and reduced maintenance. C1 [Castro, Janine M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2600 SE 98th Ave,Suite 100, Portland, OR 97266 USA. [Beavers, Aaron] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1201 Lloyd Blvd, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Castro, JM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2600 SE 98th Ave,Suite 100, Portland, OR 97266 USA. EM Janine_M_Castro@fws.gov; Aaron.Beavers@noaa.gov OI Castro, Janine/0000-0002-1951-7507 FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Oregon Fish and Wildlife Office; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Portland Oregon Office FX The development of this manuscript was supported solely by the authors' employers, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Oregon Fish and Wildlife Office, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Portland Oregon Office. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD APR PY 2016 VL 8 IS 4 AR 133 DI 10.3390/w8040133 PG 20 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DK8DK UT WOS:000375157200024 ER PT J AU Safak, I AF Safak, Ilgar TI Variability of Bed Drag on Cohesive Beds under Wave Action SO WATER LA English DT Article DE water waves; muddy waters; coastal waters; currents; bed drag; drag coefficient; bottom shear stress; bottom friction; mud; cohesive sediment ID BOTTOM BOUNDARY-LAYER; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT STRATIFICATION; MASSACHUSETTS BAY; LOUISIANA SHELF; INNER SHELF; SAND WAVES; FRICTION; COEFFICIENT; VELOCITY; ESTUARY AB Drag force at the bed acting on water flow is a major control on water circulation and sediment transport. Bed drag has been thoroughly studied in sandy waters, but less so in muddy coastal waters. The variation of bed drag on a muddy shelf is investigated here using field observations of currents, waves, and sediment concentration collected during moderate wind and wave events. To estimate bottom shear stress and the bed drag coefficient, an indirect empirical method of logarithmic fitting to current velocity profiles (log-law), a bottom boundary layer model for combined wave -current flow, and a direct method that uses turbulent fluctuations of velocity are used. The overestimation by the log-law is significantly reduced by taking turbulence suppression due to sediment -induced stratification into account. The best agreement between the model and the direct estimates is obtained by using a hydraulic roughness of 10(-4) m in the model. Direct estimate of bed drag on the muddy bed is found to have a decreasing trend with increasing current speed, and is estimated to be around 0.0025 in conditions where wave -induced flow is relatively weak. Bed drag shows an increase (up to fourfold) with increasing wave energy. These findings can be used to test the bed drag parameterizations in hydrodynamic and sediment transport models and the skills of these models in predicting flows in muddy environments. C1 [Safak, Ilgar] US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Safak, I (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM isafak@usgs.gov OI Safak, Ilgar/0000-0001-7675-0770 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0448, N00014-07-1-0756] FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research funding of contracts N00014-07-1-0448, N00014-07-1-0756. Alex Sheremet generously provided full access to the field observations. Cihan Sahin kindly provided a part of the log-law stress analysis. Dan Nowacki, Laura Brothers, and four anonymous reviewers provided valuable feedback which improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD APR PY 2016 VL 8 IS 4 AR 131 DI 10.3390/w8040131 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DK8DK UT WOS:000375157200022 ER PT J AU Varaljay, VA Satagopan, S North, JA Witte, B Dourado, MN Anantharaman, K Arbing, MA McCann, SH Oremland, RS Banfield, JF Wrighton, KC Tabita, FR AF Varaljay, Vanessa A. Satagopan, Sriram North, Justin A. Witte, Brian Dourado, Manuella N. Anantharaman, Karthik Arbing, Mark A. McCann, Shelley Hoeft Oremland, Ronald S. Banfield, Jillian F. Wrighton, Kelly C. Tabita, F. Robert TI Functional metagenomic selection of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from uncultivated bacteria SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; UNCULTURED MICROORGANISMS; MONO LAKE; RUBISCO; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; METABOLISM; CALIFORNIA; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; HYDROGEN AB Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) is a critical yet severely inefficient enzyme that catalyses the fixation of virtually all of the carbon found on Earth. Here, we report a functional metagenomic selection that recovers physiologically active RubisCO molecules directly from uncultivated and largely unknown members of natural microbial communities. Selection is based on CO2-dependent growth in a host strain capable of expressing environmental deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), precluding the need for pure cultures or screening of recombinant clones for enzymatic activity. Seventeen functional RubisCO-encoded sequences were selected using DNA extracted from soil and river autotrophic enrichments, a photosynthetic biofilm and a subsurface groundwater aquifer. Notably, three related form II RubisCOs were recovered which share high sequence similarity with metagenomic scaffolds from uncultivated members of the Gallionellaceae family. One of the Gallionellaceae RubisCOs was purified and shown to possess CO2/O-2 specificity typical of form II enzymes. X-ray crystallography determined that this enzyme is a hexamer, only the second form II multimer ever solved and the first RubisCO structure obtained from an uncultivated bacterium. Functional metagenomic selection leverages natural biological diversity and billions of years of evolution inherent in environmental communities, providing a new window into the discovery of CO2-fixing enzymes not previously characterized. C1 [Varaljay, Vanessa A.; Satagopan, Sriram; North, Justin A.; Wrighton, Kelly C.; Tabita, F. Robert] Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Witte, Brian] Bot Res Inst Texas, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. [Dourado, Manuella N.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Genet, ESALQ, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Anantharaman, Karthik; Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Arbing, Mark A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Inst, Prot Express Technol Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [McCann, Shelley Hoeft; Oremland, Ronald S.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Tabita, FR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM tabita.1@osu.edu RI Satagopan, Sriram/B-3198-2011 OI Satagopan, Sriram/0000-0002-4867-531X FU National Institutes of Health [GM095742]; National Institutes of Health under the Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences [F32GM109547]; Department of Energy [DE-FC02-02ER63421] FX We wish to thank O. Lenz and B. Friedrich for plasmid 3716; R. Daly for DNA extraction advice; A. Dangel for CbbR binding analysis (see Supplementary section); A. Shin for assistance with protein purification; B. Amer for assistance with SEC-MALS; M. Collazo (UCLA Crystallization Core Facility) for screening crystallization conditions; D. Cascio for expert advice on x-ray crystallography; and D. Eisenberg for his generous support for the project. This work was supported by grant GM095742 to F.R. Tabita from the National Institutes of Health. J. North was supported by the National Institutes of Health under the Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (F32GM109547) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. Structural studies of GWS1B RubisCO were performed at the UCLA-DOE Protein Expression Technology Center and UCLA-DOE X-ray Crystallography Core Facility, both supported by the Department of Energy Grant DE-FC02-02ER63421. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1187 EP 1199 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.13138 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DK1BY UT WOS:000374648500010 PM 26617072 ER PT J AU MacCracken, JG Benter, RB AF MacCracken, James G. Benter, R. Brad TI Trend in Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) tusk asymmetry, 1990-2014 SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; carrying capacity; developmental instability; ecological indicator; fluctuating asymmetry; harvest monitoring; population dynamics ID FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; SEA-ICE; HARBOR SEAL; STRESS; METAANALYSIS; POPULATION; STABILITY; PATTERNS AB We used the basal circumference of Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) tusks (upper canine teeth, n = 21,068 pairs) to estimate fluctuating asymmetry (FA1 index) from 1990 to 2014. The mean difference in circumference between paired tusks was -0.006 (SEM = 0.002) cm and approximately normally distributed. Measurement error was 0.6 (0.02)%, similar between biologists and lay persons (P = 0.83), and 15% of FA1. Tusk FA1 was greatest in 1990 then declined by 56% (P = 0.0001) through 2014. Male and female trends differed (P = 0.0001) and male FA1 was 40% greater (P = 0.0001) and the rate of decline 28% steeper (P = 0.3) than females. A quartic polynomial model (r(2) = 0.66, w(i) = 0.685) fit the trend for female data better than simpler forms, whereas a linear model (r(2) = 0.55, w(i) = 0.693) was a better fit for male data. Walrus tusk FA1 reflected periods when the population was stressed due to food limitations and then recovered, and perhaps when females began to experience the loss of preferred sea ice habitat in summer and FA1 is an easily monitored indicator. More work is needed to confirm the link between FA1, individual fitness, and adaptive potential. C1 [MacCracken, James G.; Benter, R. Brad] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, 1011 East Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP MacCracken, JG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, 1011 East Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM james_maccracken@fws.gov NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 2 BP 588 EP 601 DI 10.1111/mms.12286 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA DJ6UR UT WOS:000374349200010 ER PT J AU Bentall, GB Rosen, BH Kunz, JM Miller, MA Saunders, GW LaRoche, NL AF Bentall, Gena B. Rosen, Barry H. Kunz, Jessica M. Miller, Melissa A. Saunders, Gary W. LaRoche, Nicole L. TI Characterization of the putatively introduced red alga Acrochaetium secundatum (Acrochaetiales, Rhodophyta) growing epizoically on the pelage of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEMALIALES; FLORIDA C1 [Bentall, Gena B.; LaRoche, Nicole L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz Field Stn, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Rosen, Barry H.] US Geol Survey, 12703 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Kunz, Jessica M.; Miller, Melissa A.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, 1451 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Saunders, Gary W.] Univ New Brunswick, POB 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. [Bentall, Gena B.] 6901 Chenango Court, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [LaRoche, Nicole L.] 1961 Main St,199, Watsonville, CA 95076 USA. RP Bentall, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz Field Stn, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.; Bentall, GB (reprint author), 6901 Chenango Court, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. EM gena.b.bentall@gmail.com FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; New Brunswick Innovation Foundation FX We thank Dr. Martin Tim Tinker of the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center at the Santa Cruz field station for contributing data and advice. Thanks to Michelle Staedler and Jessica Fujii of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Sea Otter Research and Conservation department for contributing data and their extensive knowledge about wild sea otters. The University of Santa Cruz Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved the tagging research under permit #Tinkt1309, and tagging and subsequent monitoring was conducted under U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service permit #MA672624 (USGS) and #MA032027 (Monterey Bay Aquarium). Thanks to Ben Shaw, Erin Dodd, Francesca Batac, Michael Harris, and Colleen Young from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and the Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center for assisting with record archives, alerting us to cases, and sample collection and processing. Jack Ames and Brian Hatfield shared their invaluable insight into the history of sea otter research in California. Thanks also to Dr. Robin McClenahan for giving us a tutorial on sea otter pelage. Special thanks to all those who took the time to note the presence of algae on a sea otter. GWS thanks T. Moore for generating the molecular data for this study and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canada, Canada Foundation for Innovation, and New Brunswick Innovation Foundation for funding. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 2 BP 753 EP 764 DI 10.1111/mms.12275 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA DJ6UR UT WOS:000374349200018 ER PT J AU Bansal, S Harrington, CA St Clair, JB AF Bansal, Sheel Harrington, Constance A. St Clair, John Bradley TI Tolerance to multiple climate stressors: a case study of Douglas-fir drought and cold hardiness SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Abiotic stress; climate change; common garden; genetic variation; Pacific Northwest; precipitation gradient; principal components analysis; Pseudotsuga menziesii; temperature gradient ID PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; CUTICULAR TRANSPIRATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ADAPTATION; TRAITS; OREGON; FOREST; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; MORTALITY AB Drought and freeze events are two of the most common forms of climate extremes which result in tree damage or death, and the frequency and intensity of both stressors may increase with climate change. Few studies have examined natural covariation in stress tolerance traits to cope with multiple stressors among wild plant populations. We assessed the capacity of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii), an ecologically and economically important species in the northwestern USA, to tolerate both drought and cold stress on 35 populations grown in common gardens. We used principal components analysis to combine drought and cold hardiness trait data into generalized stress hardiness traits to model geographic variation in hardiness as a function of climate across the Douglas-fir range. Drought and cold hardiness converged among populations along winter temperature gradients and diverged along summer precipitation gradients. Populations originating in regions with cold winters had relatively high tolerance to both drought and cold stress, which is likely due to overlapping adaptations for coping with winter desiccation. Populations from regions with dry summers had increased drought hardiness but reduced cold hardiness, suggesting a trade-off in tolerance mechanisms. Our findings highlight the necessity to look beyond bivariate trait-climate relationships and instead consider multiple traits and climate variables to effectively model and manage for the impacts of climate change on widespread species. C1 [Bansal, Sheel; Harrington, Constance A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [St Clair, John Bradley] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bansal, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND USA. EM sheelbansal9@gmail.com OI Bansal, Sheel/0000-0003-1233-1707 FU BLM FX We thank the BLM for funding support. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 6 IS 7 BP 2074 EP 2083 DI 10.1002/ece3.2007 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DJ2RE UT WOS:000374052000016 PM 27099710 ER PT J AU Schultz, LD Mayfield, MP Sheoships, GT Wyss, LA Clemens, BJ Whitlock, SL Schreck, CB AF Schultz, Luke D. Mayfield, Mariah P. Sheoships, Gabe T. Wyss, Lance A. Clemens, Benjamin J. Whitlock, Steven L. Schreck, Carl B. TI Role of large- and fine-scale variables in predicting catch rates of larval Pacific lamprey in the Willamette Basin, Oregon SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE Pacific lamprey; Willamette River (USA); native species; habitat associations; conservation ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; ENTOSPHENUS-TRIDENTATUS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; OCEAN CONDITIONS; CHINOOK SALMON; UMATILLA RIVER; BROOK LAMPREY; NORTH-AMERICA AB Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus is an anadromous fish native to the Pacific Northwest of the USA. That has declined substantially over the last 40years. Effective conservation of this species will require an understanding of the habitat requirements for each life history stage. Because its life cycle contains extended freshwater rearing (3-8years), the larval stage may be a critical factor limiting abundance of Pacific lamprey. The objective of our study was to estimate the influence of barriers and habitat characteristics on the catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of larval Pacific lamprey in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon, USA. We sampled lampreys at multiple locations in wadeable streams throughout the basin in 2011-13 and used an information theoretic approach to examine the relative influence of fine- and large-scale predictors of CPUE. Pacific lamprey was observed across the basin, but its relative abundance appeared to be limited by the presence of natural and artificial barriers in some sub-basins. Lower velocity habitats such as off-channel areas and pools contained higher densities of larval lamprey; mean Pacific lamprey CPUE in off-channel habitats was 4 and 32 times greater than in pools and riffles respectively. Restoration and conservation strategies that improve fish passage, enhance natural hydrologic and depositional processes and increase habitat heterogeneity will likely benefit larval Pacific lamprey. C1 [Schultz, Luke D.; Mayfield, Mariah P.; Sheoships, Gabe T.; Wyss, Lance A.; Clemens, Benjamin J.; Whitlock, Steven L.; Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mayfield, Mariah P.] Peace Corps, Rural Aquaculture Promot, Lusaka, Zambia. [Wyss, Lance A.] North Santiam Watershed Council, POB 844, Brownsville, OR 97327 USA. [Wyss, Lance A.] South Santiam Watershed Council, POB 844, Brownsville, OR 97327 USA. [Wyss, Lance A.] Calapooia Watershed Council, POB 844, Brownsville, OR 97327 USA. [Clemens, Benjamin J.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis Fish Res, 28655 Highway 34, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Schultz, LD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM luke.schultz@oregonstate.edu FU Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission (CRITFC) through its Bonneville Power Administration; Columbia Basin Fish Accords project [2008-524-00] FX Funding for this study was provided by the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission (CRITFC) through its Bonneville Power Administration, Columbia Basin Fish Accords project (2008-524-00). We would like to thank all of the land owners who permitted us sampling access. Additional fieldwork assistance was generously provided by J. Doyle, B. Gregoire, K. Kuhn, V. Mayfield, R. McCoun, J. Saenz and L. Schwabe. B. McIlraith, B. Heinith, J. Peterson, B. Gerth, J. Jolley, G. Silver and R. Wildman provided sampling and analyses advice as well as lending field equipment to our project. A. Evans, D. Clark, M. Colvin, J. Dunham and K. McDonnell provided assistance with statistical analyses. Critical reviews by B. McIlraith and K. Crispen Coates and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the quality of this report. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD APR PY 2016 VL 25 IS 2 BP 261 EP 271 DI 10.1111/eff.12207 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DH2YH UT WOS:000372652900008 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, LC Handel, CM Van Hemert, C Loiseau, C Sehgal, RNM AF Wilkinson, Laura C. Handel, Colleen M. Van Hemert, Caroline Loiseau, Claire Sehgal, Ravinder N. M. TI Avian malaria in a boreal resident species: long-term temporal variability, and increased prevalence in birds with avian keratin disorder SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Plasmodium; Avian malaria; Avian keratin disorder; Black-capped chickadee ID BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEES; HAWAIIAN FOREST BIRDS; BEAK DEFORMITIES; BLOOD PARASITES; POECILE-ATRICAPILLUS; CYANISTES-CAERULEUS; PLASMODIUM-RELICTUM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WILD BIRDS; BLUE TITS AB The prevalence of vector-borne parasitic diseases is widely influenced by biological and ecological factors. Environmental conditions such as temperature and precipitation can have a marked effect on haemosporidian parasites (Plasmodium spp.) that cause malaria and those that cause other malaria-like diseases in birds. However, there have been few long-term studies monitoring haemosporidian infections in birds in northern latitudes, where weather conditions can be highly variable and the effects of climate change are becoming more pronounced. We used molecular methods to screen more than 2,000 blood samples collected from black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus), a resident passerine bird. Samples were collected over a 10 year period, mostly during the non-breeding season, at seven sites in Alaska, USA. We tested for associations between Plasmodium prevalence and local environmental conditions including temperature, precipitation, site, year and season. We also evaluated the relationship between parasite prevalence and individual host factors of age, sex and presence or absence of avian keratin disorder. This disease, which causes accelerated keratin growth in the beak, provided a natural study system in which to test the interaction between disease state and malaria prevalence. Prevalence of Plasmodium infection varied by year, site, age and individual disease status but there was no support for an effect of sex or seasonal period. Significantly, birds with avian keratin disorder were 2.6 times more likely to be infected by Plasmodium than birds without the disorder. Interannual variation in the prevalence of Plasmodium infection at different sites was positively correlated with summer temperatures at the local but not statewide scale. Sequence analysis of the parasite cytochrome b gene revealed a single Plasmodium spp. lineage, P43. Our results demonstrate associations between prevalence of avian malaria and a variety of biological and ecological factors. These results also provide important baseline data that will be informative for predicting future changes in Plasmodium prevalence in the subarctic. (C) 2016 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wilkinson, Laura C.; Loiseau, Claire; Sehgal, Ravinder N. M.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Handel, Colleen M.; Van Hemert, Caroline] Alaska Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Wilkinson, LC (reprint author), Calif Acad Sci, Dept Vertebrate Zool & Anthropol, 55 Mus Concourse Dr, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. EM lcwilkinson4@gmail.com OI Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Geographic Committee for Research and Exploration, USA [9072-12] FX We thank Lisa Pajot, John Terenzi, Julie Stotts, Steve Matsuoka, Rachel Richardson and many others who helped capture and collect blood samples from chickadees. We thank staff of Mirror Lake Middle School, Eagle River Nature Center, Campbell Creek Science Center, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Mat-Su College, and the Alaska Zoo for hosting winter banding efforts, and several individuals who allowed us to capture birds at their residences, including George Herben, Rosa Meehan, Tom Evans, Donna Dewhurst and the late Bob Hoffman. We thank Lisa Pajot for molecular determination of sex of the birds and for organizing and aliquoting samples for parasite analysis. We are grateful to Timothy Marzec, Edward Evans, Liezl Madrona and Jim Schneidereit for help with molecular analysis of parasites. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and was partially supported by the National Geographic Committee for Research and Exploration, USA grant 9072-12 to RNMS. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. All work was conducted under appropriate federal and state permits and under guidance approved by the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center Institutional Animal Use and Care Committee (Assurance #2011-2). NR 69 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 EI 1879-0135 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD APR PY 2016 VL 46 IS 4 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.12.008 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA DJ3BM UT WOS:000374079800007 PM 26828894 ER PT J AU Starks, TA Miller, ML Long, JM AF Starks, T. A. Miller, M. L. Long, J. M. TI Early life history of three pelagic-spawning minnows Macrhybopsis spp. in the lower Missouri River SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE broadcast spawners; daily age; daily growth; diet; hatch date; otolith ID LOWER YELLOWSTONE RIVERS; SICKLEFIN CHUB; GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS; FEEDING STRATEGY; PALLID STURGEON; BRAIN PATTERNS; FISHES; HABITAT; FRAGMENTATION; OTOLITHS AB Life-history characteristics of age-0 sturgeon chub Macrhybopsis gelida, shoal chub Macrhybopsis hyostoma and sicklefin chub Macrhybopsis meeki were compared using several methods. All Macrhybopsis species consumed mostly midge pupae, but M. meeki had the most general diet (Levins' index, B = 022) compared with M. hyostoma (B = 002) and M. gelida (B = 009). Morisita's diet overlap index among species pairs ranged from 062 to 097 and was highest between M. hyostoma and M. gelida. Daily ages estimated from lapilli otoliths for each species ranged from 15 to 43 days for M. gelida, 19 to 44 for M. hyostoma and from 16 to 64 days for M. meeki. Mean growth rates ranged from 079 mm day(-1) for M. meeki to 139 mm day(-1) for M. gelida. Mortality estimates indicated high daily survivorship rates for M. meeki (0985), but could not be estimated for the other two species. Hatch date histograms were congruent with the belief that M. hyostoma and M. gelida spawn periodically from June to September. Macrhybopsis meeki, however, appeared to respond to a specific spawning cue as hatch dates were unimodal with a peak in July. These results fill a gap in current knowledge of these imperilled species that can be used to guide management decisions. (C) 2016 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Starks, T. A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Ecol & Management, 008 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Miller, M. L.] US Army, Corps Engineers, Habitat & Assessment Monitoring Program, 601 E 12th St, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. [Long, J. M.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Nat Resources Ecol & Management, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 007 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Starks, TA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Ecol & Management, 008 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM tstarks1990@gmail.com FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Geological Survey [G12AC20430]; Oklahoma State University; Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX Financial support for this publication was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Geological Survey through Cooperative Agreement G12AC20430. This study was performed under the auspices of a protocol approved by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. T. Grabowski provided constructive comments that improved the paper. The Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is supported by Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 88 IS 4 BP 1335 EP 1349 DI 10.1111/jfb.12892 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DJ2BO UT WOS:000374008900004 PM 26887788 ER PT J AU Cott, PA Szkokan-Emilson, EJ Savage, PL Hanna, BW Bronte, CR Evans, MS AF Cott, Peter A. Szkokan-Emilson, Erik J. Savage, Pascale-Laure Hanna, Bruce W. Bronte, Charles R. Evans, Marlene S. TI Large lakes of northern Canada: Emerging research in a globally-important fresh water resource SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cott, Peter A.; Savage, Pascale-Laure; Hanna, Bruce W.] Govt Northwest Terr, Environm & Nat Resources, Box 1320, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada. [Szkokan-Emilson, Erik J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Ecosyst & Global Change Grp, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. [Bronte, Charles R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. [Evans, Marlene S.] Environm Canada, Aquat Contaminants Res Div, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. RP Cott, PA (reprint author), Govt Northwest Terr, Environm & Nat Resources, Box 1320, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada.; Szkokan-Emilson, EJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Ecosyst & Global Change Grp, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. EM cott@ualberta.ca; es657@cam.ac.uk NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD APR PY 2016 VL 42 IS 2 BP 163 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.02.003 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DI7AI UT WOS:000373651100001 ER PT J AU Hansen, MJ Nate, NA Muir, AM Bronte, CR Zimmerman, MS Krueger, CC AF Hansen, Michael J. Nate, Nancy A. Muir, Andrew M. Bronte, Charles R. Zimmerman, Mara S. Krueger, Charles C. TI Life history variation among four lake trout morphs at Isle Royale, Lake Superior SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Char; Life history; Survival; Maturity; Demographics ID GREAT-BEAR-LAKE; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH POPULATIONS; FISH COMMUNITY; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; VERTICAL MIGRATION; GENETIC-VARIATION; MICHIGAN WATERS; PREDATION RISK; PREY SELECTION; SHALLOW-WATER AB Life history traits were compared among four morphs of lake trout at Isle Royale, Lake Superior. Of 738 lake trout caught at Isle Royale, 701 were assigned to a morph (119 humpers, 160 leans, 85 redfins, and 337 siscowets) using a combination of statistical analysis of head and body shape and visual assignment. On average, redfins were longer (544 mm), heavier (1481 g), heavier at length, more buoyant, and older (22 years) than siscowets (519 mm; 1221 g; 19 years), leans (479 mm; 854 g; 13 years), and humpers (443 mm; 697 g; 17 years). On average, leans grew from a younger age at length = 0 and shorter length at age = 0, at a faster early growth rate to a longer asymptotic length than the other three morphs, while redfins grew at a slower instantaneous rate and humpers grew to a shorter asymptotic length than other morphs. On average, leans were longer (562 mm) and older (15 years) at 50% maturity than redfins (427 mm, 12 years), siscowets (401 mm, 11 years), or humpers (394 mm, 13 years). Life history parameters did not differ between males and females within each morph. We conclude that differences in life history attributes of lean, humper, redfin, and siscowet morphs of lake trout are consistent with differential habitat use in waters around Isle Royale, Lake Superior. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Hansen, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Nate, Nancy A.; Krueger, Charles C.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, 1405 South Harrison Rd,115 Manly Miles Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Muir, Andrew M.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, 2100 Commonwealth Blvd,Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Bronte, Charles R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 2661 Scott Tower Dr, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. [Zimmerman, Mara S.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 1111 Washington St Southeast, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Hansen, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM michaelhansen@usgs.gov; natenanc@msu.edu; amuir@glfc.org; Charles_Bronte@fws.gov; mara.zimmerman@dfw.wa.gov; kruege62@anr.msu.edu OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 FU Fishery Research Program of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX We thank Stewert Sivertson and Enar and Betty Strom for their knowledge of Isle Royale, Lake Superior, and its fishes, and for their hospitality at Washington and Barnam islands. Jonathan Pyatskowit and Henry R. Quinlan (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), and Jay D. Glase (U.S. National Park Service) provided cheerful and able assistance with field work. Thanks to Scott Miehls (U.S. Geological Survey) and Sarah Seegert and Christina Haska (Great Lakes Fishery Commission) for their assistance collecting morphological data. The Fishery Research Program of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission provided funding. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This article is Contribution 2004 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. NR 93 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD APR PY 2016 VL 42 IS 2 BP 421 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.12.011 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DI7AI UT WOS:000373651100028 ER PT J AU Baldigo, BP Duffy, BT Smith, AJ George, SD AF Baldigo, Barry P. Duffy, Brian T. Smith, Alexander J. George, Scott D. TI Toxicity of waters from the Rochester Embayment Area of Concern to the plankton species Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Ceriodaphnia dubia SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rochester Embayment; Area of Concern; Plankton; Bioassay; Beneficial Use Impairment ID ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; LAKE-ONTARIO AB The lower Genesee River and Rochester Embayment of Lake Ontario are a designated Area of Concern (AOC) under the binational Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. The "degradation of phytoplankton and zooplankton populations" or plankton Beneficial Use Impairment (BUI) was classified as unknown and in need of further assessment in this AOC because water quality data suggested plankton communities could be effected and community data were either unavailable or indicated impacts. The plankton BUI may now be obsolete because local contaminant sources have been largely eliminated. The present study was conducted between July 2013 and August 2014 to assess the BUI-removal criteria: "AOC plankton bioassays confirm that toxicity in ambient waters (Le., no growth inhibition) is not significantly higher than comparable non-AOC controls". Acute and chronic toxicity of waters from 13 sites were quantified seasonally using standardized bioassays with the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and water flea Ceriodaphnia dubia to test the hypothesis that toxicity of waters from AOC sites was not higher than that of waters from comparable non-AOC reference sites. Survival and reproduction of C. dubia did not differ significantly between site types, systems, or months. The growth of P. subcapitata did not differ between site types, but differed among systems and months. All results indicate that waters from AOC sites were no more toxic to both plankton species than waters from reference sites. Assuming test species represent natural plankton assemblages, water quality should not negatively affect survival and growth of resident plankton populations in the Rochester Embayment AOC. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Baldigo, Barry P.; George, Scott D.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Duffy, Brian T.; Smith, Alexander J.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Baldigo, BP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM bbaldigo@usgs.gov FU New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX The authors extend their appreciation to Charles Knauf of Monroe County and to Damianos Skaros and James Lehnen of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation for technical advice and logistics support and to Christopher Nally of American Aquatic Testing for conducting plankton toxicity tests and providing comments and input which improved this manuscript. Sampling locations and methods used in this manuscript were influenced by discussions with technical advisors from Federal and New York State Government, the Rochester Embayment Area of Concern Remedial Action Program Committee, and private consulting firms involved in water quality and biological assessments. This research was supported by funds from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD APR PY 2016 VL 42 IS 2 BP 464 EP 471 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.12.007 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DI7AI UT WOS:000373651100033 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH Chalupnicki, MA Abbett, R Verdoliva, F AF Johnson, James H. Chalupnicki, Marc A. Abbett, Ross Verdoliva, Francis TI Predation on Pacific salmonid eggs and carcass's by subyearling Atlantic salmon in a tributary of lake Ontario SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; Egg predation ID RESIDENT SALMONIDS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; FRESH-WATER; GROWTH; SALAR; RIVER; ECOSYSTEMS; SUBSIDIES; STREAMS; TROUT AB A binational effort to reintroduce Atlantic salmon (Salmo solar) that were extirpated in the Lake Ontario ecosystem for over a century is currently being undertaken by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Reintroduction actions include the release of several life stages including fry, fall fingerlings, and yearling smolts. In this study we describe the diet of recently released fall fingerling Atlantic salmon in a tributary of the Salmon River, New York. A specific objective of the study was to determine if juvenile Atlantic salmon would utilize the high caloric food source provided by introduced Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) that includes eggs and carcass flesh. Salmon eggs and carcass flesh comprised 20.5% of the October to January diet in 2013-14 and 23.9% in 2014-15. The consumption of steelhead (O. mykiss) eggs was a major part of the diet in April in both 2014 (54.1%) and 2015 (33.2%). This study documented that recently released Atlantic salmon will consume the high caloric food material provided by Pacific salmonids and that the consumption of this material extends for several months. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Johnson, James H.; Chalupnicki, Marc A.; Abbett, Ross] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Verdoliva, Francis] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Salmon River Fish Hatchery, Altmar, NY 13302 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov; mchalupnicki@usgs.gov; rabbett@usgs.gov; fran.verdoliva@dec.ny.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD APR PY 2016 VL 42 IS 2 BP 472 EP 475 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.12.004 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DI7AI UT WOS:000373651100034 ER PT J AU Bunnell, DB Davis, BM Chriscinske, MA Keeler, KM Mychek-Londer, JG AF Bunnell, David B. Davis, Bruce M. Chriscinske, Margret A. Keeler, Kevin M. Mychek-Londer, Justin G. TI Diet shifts by planktivorous and benthivorous fishes in northern Lake Michigan in response to ecosystem changes (vol 41, pg 161, 2015) SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 [Bunnell, David B.; Davis, Bruce M.; Chriscinske, Margret A.; Keeler, Kevin M.; Mychek-Londer, Justin G.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Mychek-Londer, Justin G.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. EM dbunnell@usgs.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD APR PY 2016 VL 42 IS 2 BP 482 EP 483 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.02.002 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DI7AI UT WOS:000373651100036 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, KM Thompson, FR Semlitsch, RD AF O'Donnell, K. M. Thompson, F. R. Semlitsch, R. D. TI Prescribed fire alters surface activity and movement behavior of a terrestrial salamander SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian; forest management; minimum convex polygon; radio-frequency identification; Plethodon albagula; plethodontid; prescribed fire; fire management ID BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; PLETHODON-CINEREUS; UNITED-STATES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; MANAGEMENT; INVERTEBRATES; POPULATIONS; DISPERSAL; ABUNDANCE; MISSOURI AB Prescribed fire has become a commonly used forest management tool for reducing the occurrence of severe wildfires, decreasing fuel loads and reestablishing the historic ecological influences of fire. Investigating population-level wildlife responses to prescribed fire is important for evaluating the effects of fire management on animals, but in order to predict and simulate wildlife responses to potential management actions, mechanistic studies that elucidate individual-level responses are also necessary. We used radio-frequency identification to investigate individual-level responses of western slimy salamanders Plethodon albagula to prescribed fire. We compared the salamander home-range sizes [minimum convex polygons (MCP)], movement behaviors, and activity levels before and after prescribed fire using a randomized block experiment. We initiated the study at three plots in 2011, and added two new plots in 2012. We captured, tagged and released 38 salamanders at each plot from May 2011-May 2012 (total N=205). We recorded 918 total recaptures of 142 unique salamanders; 31% of tagged salamanders were never recaptured. Across all years and treatments, only 14% of relocations were surface-active (i.e. visually confirmed) salamanders; the others were underground. Following prescribed fire, the surface-active proportion of recaptures was nearly seven times greater in control versus burned areas, which indicates that P.albagula respond to post-prescribed fire conditions by spending more time belowground. We did not find evidence of direct mortality of salamanders from fires; the proportion of known-alive individuals did not differ between treatments. Maximum daily displacement was 43.3% higher among burn-area than control-area salamanders, and MCP varied in a similar pattern; this may indicate salamanders were attempting to find more hospitable microenvironments or other resources, such as prey. Together, these individual-level observations corroborate our findings from a population-level study of a congeneric terrestrial salamander and contribute to our understanding of the behavioral mechanisms underlying population dynamics. C1 [O'Donnell, K. M.; Semlitsch, R. D.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, F. R.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Columbia, MO USA. RP O'Donnell, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM odonnell.katie.m@gmail.com OI O'Donnell, Katherine/0000-0001-9023-174X FU U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station through Cooperative [10-JV-11242311-061]; University of Missouri FX We thank A. Milo, A. Senters, D. Drake, N. Thompson, A. Hopping, P. Fisher, G. Connette, B. Peterman and M. Osbourn for field assistance; and A. George and S. Pittman for valuable discussions on movement ecology. J. Bakameyer led planning and execution of prescribed burns and provided GIS data. Reviews from S. Pittman, A. Messerman, D.S. Godwin, J. Homyack and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved earlier drafts of this manuscript. K.M.O. was supported by a GAANN fellowship. Sampling and procedures were approved by the Missouri Department of Conservation and the MU Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol 7403. Support for this study was provided by the U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station through Cooperative Agreement 10-JV-11242311-061 and the University of Missouri. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-8369 EI 1469-7998 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD APR PY 2016 VL 298 IS 4 BP 303 EP 309 DI 10.1111/jzo.12316 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DJ4HY UT WOS:000374167200009 ER PT J AU Konrad, K Graham, DW Thornber, CR Duncan, RA Kent, AJR Al-Amri, AM AF Konrad, Kevin Graham, David W. Thornber, Carl R. Duncan, Robert A. Kent, Adam J. R. Al-Amri, Abdullah M. TI Asthenosphere-lithosphere interactions in Western Saudi Arabia: Inferences from He-3/He-4 in xenoliths and lava flows from Harrat Hutaymah SO LITHOS LA English DT Article DE Arabia; Harrat volcanism; Lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary; SCLM; Noble gases; Helium isotopes ID RED-SEA; CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE; MANTLE METASOMATISM; HELIUM ISOTOPE; TRACE-ELEMENT; SUBCONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE; INTRAPLATE VOLCANISM; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NUBIAN SHIELD AB Extensive volcanic fields on the western Arabian Plate have erupted intermittently over the last 30 Ma following emplacement of the Afar flood basalts in Ethiopia. In an effort to better understand the origin of this volcanism in western Saudi Arabia, we analyzed He-3/He-4, and He, CO2 and trace element concentrations in minerals separated from xenoliths and lava flows from Harrat Hutaymah, supplemented with reconnaissance He isotope data from several other volcanic fields (Harrat Al Birk, Harrat Al Kishb and Harrat Ithnayn). Harrat Hutaymah is young (<850 ka) and the northeasternmost of the volcanic fields. There is a remarkable homogeneity of He-3/He-4 trapped within most xenoliths, with a weighted mean of 7.54 +/- 0.03 R-A (2 sigma, n = 20). This homogeneity occurs over at least eight different xenolith types (including spine! lherzolite, amphibole clinopyroxenite, olivine websterite, clinopyroxenite and garnet websterite), and encompasses ten different volcanic centers within an area of similar to 2500 km(2). The homogeneity is caused by volatile equilibration between the xenoliths and fluids derived from their host magma, as fluid inclusions are annealed during the infiltration of vapor-saturated magmas along crystalline grain boundaries. The notable exceptions are the anhydrous spinel lherzolites, which have a lower weighted mean He-3/He-4 of 6.8 +/- 03 R-A (2 sigma, n = 2), contain lower concentrations of trapped He, and have a distinctly depleted light rare earth element signature. He-3/He-4 values of similar to 6.8 R-A are also commonly found in spinel lherzolites from harrats Ithnayn, Al Birk, and from Zabargad Island in the Red Sea. Olivine from non-xenolith bearing lava flows at Hutaymah spans the He isotope range of the xenoliths. The lower He-3/He-4 in the anhydrous spinel lherzolites appears to be tied to remnant Proterozoic lithosphere prior to metasomatic fluid overprinting. Elevated He-3/He-4 in the western harrats has been observed only at Rahat (up to 11.8 R-A; Murcia et al., 2013), a volcanic field situated above thinned lithosphere beneath the Makkah-Medinah-Nafud volcanic lineament. Previous work established that spine! lherzolites at Hutaymah are sourced near the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (IAB), while other xenolith types there are derived from shallower depths within the lithosphere itself (Thornber, 1992). Helium isotopes are consistent with melts originating near the LAB beneath many of the Arabian harrats, and any magma derived from the Afar mantle plume currently appears to be of minor importance. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Konrad, Kevin; Graham, David W.; Duncan, Robert A.; Kent, Adam J. R.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Thornber, Carl R.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Al-Amri, Abdullah M.] King Saud Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RP Konrad, K (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM konradke@geo.oregonstate.edu OI Thornber, Carl/0000-0002-6382-4408 FU National Science Foundation [OCE 12-59964, EAR 15-24675] FX We thank Dr. Saeed Alshaltoni for assistance in the field. Richard Bradshaw provided valuable assistance with the LA-ICP-MS analysis. Jurek Blusztajn kindly provided the xenolith material from Al Kishb, Ithnayn and Al Birk. We thank Peter Barry, Mark Stelten, and an anonymous reviewer for constructive reviews that improved the manuscript. This study was supported by funds from the National Science Foundation through grants OCE 12-59964 and EAR 15-24675. NR 92 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 EI 1872-6143 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD APR PY 2016 VL 248 BP 339 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.lithos.2016.01.031 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA DJ0AN UT WOS:000373863900024 ER PT J AU Woodman, N AF Woodman, Neal TI Pranked by Audubon: Constantine S. Rafinesque's description of John James Audubon's imaginary Kentucky mammals SO ARCHIVES OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE cryptozoology; eccentric naturalist; hoax; mouse; Peromyscus leucopus; Sciurus niger rufiventer ID MOUSE AB The North American naturalist Constantine S. Rafinesque spent much of the year 1818 engaged in a solo journey down the Ohio River Valley to explore parts of what was then the western United States. Along the way, he visited a number of fellow naturalists, and he spent more than a week at the Henderson, Kentucky, home of artist and ornithologist John James Audubon. During the succeeding two years, Rafinesque published descriptions of new species that resulted from his expedition, including eleven species of fishes that eventually proved to have been invented by Audubon as a prank on the credulous naturalist. Less well known are a number of "wild rats" described by Rafinesque that include one recognized species (Musculus leucopus) and ten other, imaginary "species" fabricated by Audubon (Gerbillus leonurus, G. megalops, Spalax trivittata, Cricetus fasciatus, Sorex cerulescens, S. melanotis, Musculus nigricans, Lemmus albovittatus, L. talpoides, Sciurus ruber). Rafinesque's unpublished sketches of these animals provide important insight regarding the supposed nature of the animals invented by Audubon and ultimately published by Rafinesque. C1 [Woodman, Neal] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC-111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC-111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU EDINBURGH UNIV PRESS PI EDINBURGH PA THE TUN-HOLYROOD RD, 12 2F JACKSONS ENTRY, EDINBURGH EH8 8PJ, SCOTLAND SN 0260-9541 EI 1755-6260 J9 ARCH NAT HIST JI Arch. Nat. Hist. PD APR PY 2016 VL 43 IS 1 BP 95 EP 108 DI 10.3366/anh.2016.0349 PG 14 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC History & Philosophy of Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DI3SB UT WOS:000373417700008 ER PT J AU Varner, J Horns, JJ Lambert, MS Westberg, E Ruff, JS Wolfenberger, K Beever, EA Dearing, MD AF Varner, Johanna Horns, Joshua J. Lambert, Mallory S. Westberg, Elizabeth Ruff, James S. Wolfenberger, Katelyn Beever, Erik A. Dearing, M. Denise TI Plastic pikas: Behavioural flexibility in low-elevation pikas (Ochotona princeps) SO BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Behavioural plasticity; Caching; Foraging; Home range; Ochotona; Pika; Talus; Thermoregulation ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; AMERICAN PIKA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; CHANGING CLIMATE; GREAT-BASIN; HOME-RANGE; CONSERVATION; TEMPERATURE; DISPERSAL AB Behaviour is an important mechanism for accommodating rapid environmental changes. Understanding a species' capacity for behavioural plasticity is therefore a key, but understudied, aspect of developing tractable conservation and management plans under climate-change scenarios. Here, we quantified behavioural differences between American pikas (Ochotona princeps) living in an atypical, low-elevation habitat versus those living in a more-typical, alpine habitat. With respect to foraging strategy, low elevation pikas spent more time consuming vegetation and less time caching food for winter, compared to high-elevation pikas. Low-elevation pikas were also far more likely to be detected in forested micro habitats off the talus than their high-elevation counterparts at midday. Finally, pikas living in the atypical habitat had smaller home range sizes compared to those in typical habitat or any previously published home ranges for this species. Our findings indicate that behavioural plasticity likely allows pikas to accommodate atypical conditions in this low-elevation habitat, and that they may rely on critical habitat factors such as suitable microclimate refugia to behaviourally thermoregulate. Together, these results suggest that behavioural adjustments are one important mechanism by which pikas can persist outside of their previously appreciated dietary and thermal niches. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Varner, Johanna; Horns, Joshua J.; Lambert, Mallory S.; Westberg, Elizabeth; Ruff, James S.; Wolfenberger, Katelyn; Dearing, M. Denise] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Beever, Erik A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Beever, Erik A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Varner, Johanna] Colorado Mesa Univ, Dept Biol, 1100 North Ave, Grand Junction, CO 81501 USA. RP Varner, J (reprint author), Colorado Mesa Univ, Dept Biol, 1100 North Ave, Grand Junction, CO 81501 USA. EM jvarner@coloradomesa.edu OI Varner, Johanna/0000-0001-9431-0760 FU National Science Foundation [0750758]; University of Utah Graduate School; REU supplement [1111533]; University of Utah Global Change and Sustainability Center; Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology; Oregon Zoo Future for Wildlife Fund; Wilderness Society Gloria Barron Scholarship; American Society of Mammalogists FX We gratefully acknowledge the following field assistants who contributed to behavioural observations: E. Self, M. Devlaeminck, C. Card, C. Graves, and J. Bevis. M. Chynoweth provided advice on home range analysis and assistance with kernel density estimators. J.V. was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (#0750758) and a Graduate Research Fellowship from the University of Utah Graduate School. J.H., M.L., E.W., and K.W. were supported by a REU supplement to National Science Foundation award #1111533 (PI: T. Schmid). Additional funding for fieldwork was provided by: University of Utah Global Change and Sustainability Center, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, The Oregon Zoo Future for Wildlife Fund, The Wilderness Society Gloria Barron Scholarship and American Society of Mammalogists. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 19 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-6357 EI 1872-8308 J9 BEHAV PROCESS JI Behav. Processes PD APR PY 2016 VL 125 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.beproc.2016.01.009 PG 9 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA DI5MI UT WOS:000373542900009 PM 26851456 ER PT J AU Harrington, RM Cochran, ES Griffiths, EM Zeng, XF Thurber, CH AF Harrington, Rebecca M. Cochran, Elizabeth S. Griffiths, Emily M. Zeng, Xiangfang Thurber, Clifford H. TI Along-Strike Variations in Fault Frictional Properties along the San Andreas Fault near Cholame, California, from Joint Earthquake and Low-Frequency Earthquake Relocations SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SLOW EARTHQUAKES; EPISODIC TREMOR; PARKFIELD; SLIP; ZONE; DEFORMATION; SEISMICITY; REGION; DEPTH; CLAY AB Recent observations of low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) and tectonic tremor along the Parkfield-Cholame segment of the San Andreas fault suggest slow-slip earthquakes occur in a transition zone between the shallow fault, which accommodates slip by a combination of aseismic creep and earthquakes (< 15 km depth), and the deep fault, which accommodates slip by stable sliding (> 35 km depth). However, the spatial relationship between shallow earthquakes and LFEs remains unclear. Here, we present precise relocations of 34 earthquakes and 34 LFEs recorded during a temporary deployment of 13 broadband seismic stations from May 2010 to July 2011. We use the temporary array waveform data, along with data from permanent seismic stations and a new high-resolution 3D velocity model, to illuminate the fine-scale details of the seismicity distribution near Cholame and the relation to the distribution of LFEs. The depth of the boundary between earthquakes and LFE hypocenters changes along strike and roughly follows the 350 degrees C isotherm, suggesting frictional behavior may be, in part, thermally controlled. We observe no overlap in the depth of earthquakes and LFEs, with an similar to 5 km separation between the deepest earthquakes and shallowest LFEs. In addition, clustering in the relocated seismicity near the 2004 M-w 6.0 Parkfield earthquake hypocenter and near the northern boundary of the 1857 M-w 7.8 Fort Tejon rupture may highlight areas of frictional heterogeneities on the fault where earthquakes tend to nucleate. C1 [Harrington, Rebecca M.; Griffiths, Emily M.] McGill Univ, Earth & Planetary Sci Dept, 3450 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada. [Cochran, Elizabeth S.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Zeng, Xiangfang; Thurber, Clifford H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Harrington, RM; Griffiths, EM (reprint author), McGill Univ, Earth & Planetary Sci Dept, 3450 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada.; Cochran, ES (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.; Zeng, XF; Thurber, CH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rebecca.harrington@mcgill.ca; ecochran@usgs.gov; emily.griffiths@mail.mcgill.ca; zengxf@geology.wisc.edu; clifft@geology.wisc.edu FU Concept for the Future of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) within the framework of the national Initiative for Excellence; Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) [10139]; McGill University new faculty startup grant; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior, under USGS Award [G14AP00056] FX Seismic data for this work were collected using funding from the Concept for the Future of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) within the framework of the national Initiative for Excellence. Partial funding for field work was provided by Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) Award Number 10139. Research was supported by a McGill University new faculty startup grant, as well as by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior, under USGS Award Number G14AP00056 to the University of Wisconsin-Madison. We would like to thank David Shelly for use of his LFE catalog during the period of this study. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2016 VL 106 IS 2 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1785/0120150171 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DI6CB UT WOS:000373585700001 ER PT J AU Thompson, EM Wald, DJ AF Thompson, Eric M. Wald, David. J. TI Uncertainty in V-S30-Based Site Response SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MOTION PREDICTION MODELS; GROUND-MOTION; STANDARD-DEVIATION; CALIFORNIA; AMPLIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; EQUATIONS; DATABASE; VALLEY; PROXY AB Methods that account for site response range in complexity from simple linear categorical adjustment factors to sophisticated nonlinear constitutive models. Seismic-hazard analysis usually relies on ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs); within this framework site response is modeled statistically with simplified site parameters that include the time-averaged shear-wave velocity to 30 m (V-S30) and basin depth parameters. Because V-S30 is not known in most locations, it must be interpolated or inferred through secondary information such as geology or topography. In this article, we analyze a subset of stations for which V-S30 has been measured to address effects of V-S30 proxies on the uncertainty in the ground motions as modeled by GMPEs. The stations we analyze also include multiple recordings, which allow us to compute the repeatable site effects (or empirical amplification factors [EAFs]) from the ground motions. Although all methods exhibit similar bias, the proxy methods only reduce the ground-motion standard deviations at long periods when compared to GMPEs without a site term, whereas measured V-S30 values reduce the standard deviations at all periods. The standard deviation of the ground motions are much lower when the EAFs are used, indicating that future refinements of the site term in GMPEs have the potential to substantially reduce the overall uncertainty in the prediction of ground motions by GMPEs. C1 [Thompson, Eric M.; Wald, David. J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,Mail Stop 966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Thompson, EM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,Mail Stop 966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM emthompson@usgs.gov RI Thompson, Eric/E-6895-2010 OI Thompson, Eric/0000-0002-6943-4806 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2016 VL 106 IS 2 BP 453 EP 463 DI 10.1785/0120150214 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DI6CB UT WOS:000373585700012 ER PT J AU Hecker, S Langenheim, VE Williams, RA Hitchcock, CS DeLong, SB AF Hecker, S. Langenheim, V. E. Williams, R. A. Hitchcock, C. S. DeLong, S. B. TI Detailed Mapping and Rupture Implications of the 1 km Releasing Bend in the Rodgers Creek Fault at Santa Rosa, Northern California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE; COAST RANGES; LIDAR SURVEY; STEP-OVERS; SYSTEM; WASHINGTON; TECTONICS; MOUNTAINS; FORECAST AB Airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) topography reveals for the first time the trace of the Rodgers Creek fault (RCF) through the center of Santa Rosa, the largest city in the northern San Francisco Bay area. Vertical deformation of the Santa Rosa Creek floodplain expresses a composite pull-apart basin beneath the urban cover that is part of a broader 1-km-wide right-releasing bend in the fault. High-resolution geophysical data illuminate subsurface conditions that may be responsible for the complex pattern of surface faulting, as well as for the distribution of seismicity and possibly for creep behavior. We identify a dense, magnetic basement body bounded by the RCF beneath Santa Rosa that we interpret as a strong asperity, likely part of a larger locked patch of the fault to the south. A local increase in frictional resistance associated with the basement body appears to explain (1) distributed fault-normal extension above where the RCF intersects the body; (2) earthquake activity around the northern end of the body, notably the 1969 M-L 5.6 and 5.7 events and aftershocks; and (3) creep rates on the RCF that are higher to the north of Santa Rosa than to the south. There is a significant probability of a major earthquake on the RCF in the coming decades, and earthquakes associated with the proposed asperity have the potential to release seismic energy into the Cotati basin beneath Santa Rosa, already known from damaging historical earthquakes to produce amplified ground shaking. C1 [Hecker, S.; DeLong, S. B.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Langenheim, V. E.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 989, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Williams, R. A.] US Geol Survey, POB 25046,Mail Stop 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hitchcock, C. S.] InfraTerra Inc, 220 Fourth St,Suite 102, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. RP Hecker, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM shecker@usgs.gov OI DeLong, Stephen/0000-0002-0945-2172 FU Sonoma County Water Agency (SWCA); City of Santa Rosa; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX We acknowledge Chris Crosby, Luke Blair, Carrie Whitehill, and Johnathan Brown for creating bare-earth lidar digital elevation models for the Rodgers Creek fault, and we thank Nikita Avdievitch for help with the terrestrial lidar survey in Doyle Park. The Sonoma County Water Agency (SWCA) and the City of Santa Rosa provided financial and logistical support for the seismic-reflection and geotechnical profiles. We thank Steve Koldis, Ken Gylfe, and Jay Jasperse at the SWCA for permission to share data collected for the aqueduct seismic vulnerability studies, and Adam Wade for help with logging the borings and cone penetrometer test soundings. The seismic-reflection data were acquired with the help of Jack Odum, Dave Worley, Sean McCullough, Nichole Knepprath, Shannon Leslie, Janet Tilden Watt, Zebulon Maharrey, Jeff Fox, Darcy McPhee, Claire Bouligand, Kathryn Quigley, David Guhin, and George Lincoln. We thank Bill Stevenson for guidance on seismic-reflection data processing. We are grateful for helpful reviews of earlier versions of the manuscript by Brian Sherrod, Jim Lienkaemper, Andy Michael, and an anonymous reviewer and for additional editorial suggestions from Keith Knudsen and Kelvin Berryman. Support for this study was provided by the Earthquake Hazards and National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2016 VL 106 IS 2 BP 575 EP 594 DI 10.1785/0120150152 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DI6CB UT WOS:000373585700021 ER PT J AU Hartzell, S Leeds, AL Ramirez-Guzman, L Allen, JP Schmitt, RG AF Hartzell, Stephen Leeds, Alena L. Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo Allen, James P. Schmitt, Robert G. TI Seismic Site Characterization of an Urban Sedimentary Basin, Livermore Valley, California: Site Response, Basin-Edge-Induced Surface Waves, and 3D Simulations SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; GLOBAL SEARCH ALGORITHM; STRONG GROUND MOTION; DENSE ARRAY ANALYSIS; CLARA VALLEY; LOS-ANGELES; EARTHQUAKE; VELOCITY; AREA; AMPLIFICATION AB Thirty-two accelerometers were deployed in the Livermore Valley, California, for approximately one year to study sedimentary basin effects. Many local and near-regional earthquakes were recorded, including the 24 August 2014 M-w 6.0 Napa, California, earthquake. The resulting ground-motion data set is used to quantify the seismic response of the Livermore basin, a major structural depression in the California Coast Range Province bounded by active faults. Site response is calculated by two methods: the reference-site spectral ratio method and a source-site spectral inversion method. Longer-period (>= 1 s) amplification factors follow the same general pattern as Bouguer gravity anomaly contours. Site response spectra are inverted for shallow shear-wave velocity profiles, which are consistent with independent information. Frequency-wave number analysis is used to analyze plane wave propagation across the Livermore Valley and to identify basin-edge-induced surface waves with back azimuths different from the source back azimuth. Finite element simulations in a 3D velocity model of the region illustrate the generation of basin-edge-induced surface waves and point out strips of elevated ground velocities along the margins of the basin. C1 [Hartzell, Stephen; Leeds, Alena L.; Allen, James P.; Schmitt, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046 Mail Stop 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ingn, Coordinac Ingn Sismol, Ave Univ 3000, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Hartzell, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046 Mail Stop 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM shartzell@usgs.gov OI Schmitt, Robert/0000-0001-8060-1954 NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2016 VL 106 IS 2 BP 609 EP 631 DI 10.1785/0120150289 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DI6CB UT WOS:000373585700023 ER PT J AU Campbell, KW Boore, DM AF Campbell, Kenneth W. Boore, David M. TI Evaluation of Six NEHRP B/C Crustal Amplification Models Proposed for Use in Western North America SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GROUND-MOTION PREDICTION; STOCHASTIC POINT-SOURCE; HYBRID EMPIRICAL-METHOD; WAVE VELOCITY PROFILE; SEISMIC HAZARD MAPS; SITE AMPLIFICATION; RESPONSE SPECTRA; CORNER-FREQUENCY; KAPPA KAPPA; NGA MODELS AB We evaluate six crustal amplification models based on National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) B/C crustal profiles proposed for use in western North America (WNA) and often used in other active crustal regions where crustal properties are unknown. One of the models is based on an interpolation of generic rock velocity profiles previously proposed for WNA and central and eastern North America (CENA), in conjunction with material densities based on an updated velocity-density relationship. A second model is based on the velocity profile used to develop amplification factors for the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA)-West2 project. A third model is based on a near-surface velocity profile developed from the NGA-West2 site database. A fourth model is based on velocity and density profiles originally proposed for use in CENA but recently used to represent crustal properties in California. We propose two alternatives to this latter model that more closely represent WNA crustal properties. We adopt a value of site attenuation (kappa(0)) for each model that is either recommended by the author of the model or proposed by us. Stochastic simulation is used to evaluate the Fourier amplification factors and their impact on response spectra associated with each model. Based on this evaluation, we conclude that among the available models evaluated in this study the NEHRP B/C amplification model of Boore (2016) best represents median crustal amplification in WNA, although the amplification models based on the crustal profiles of Kamai et al. (2013, 2016, unpublished manuscript, see Data and Resources) and Yenier and Atkinson (2015), the latter adjusted to WNA crustal properties, can be used to represent epistemic uncertainty. C1 [Campbell, Kenneth W.] CoreLogic Inc, 555 12th St,Suite 1100, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. RP Campbell, KW (reprint author), CoreLogic Inc, 555 12th St,Suite 1100, Oakland, CA 94607 USA.; Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. EM kcampbell@corelogic.com; boore@usgs.gov FU CoreLogic, Inc. FX Support for the first author was provided by CoreLogic, Inc. We thank Ronnie Kamai and Walt Silva for providing their National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) B/C velocity models in digital form and Ronnie Kamai for providing us with a draft of her manuscript. We thank U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) internal reviewers Chuck Mueller and Eric Thompson and external reviewers Ronnie Kamai and Valerio Poggi for their constructive comments that improved the article. We also thank Brad Aagaard and Suzanne Hecker for their helpful editorial comments. NR 81 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2016 VL 106 IS 2 BP 673 EP 686 DI 10.1785/0120150242 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DI6CB UT WOS:000373585700027 ER PT J AU Graizer, V Kalkan, E AF Graizer, Vladimir Kalkan, Erol TI Summary of the GK15 Ground-Motion Prediction Equation for Horizontal PGA and 5% Damped PSA from Shallow Crustal Continental Earthquakes SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; RESPONSE SPECTRA; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CODA-Q; ATTENUATION; MODEL; ACCELERATION; DEPTH; COMPONENT AB We present a revised ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) for computing medians and standard deviations of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and 5% damped pseudospectral acceleration (PSA) response ordinates of the horizontal component of randomly oriented ground motions to be used for seismic-hazard analyses and engineering applications. This GMPE is derived from the expanded Next Generation Attenuation (NGA)-West 1 database (see Data and Resources; Chiou et al., 2008). The revised model includes an anelastic attenuation term as a function of quality factor (Q(0)) to capture regional differences in far-source (beyond 150 km) attenuation, and a new frequency-dependent sedimentary-basin scaling term as a function of depth to the 1.5 km/s shear-wave velocity isosurface to improve ground-motion predictions at sites located on deep sedimentary basins. The new Graizer-Kalkan 2015 (GK15) model, developed to be simple, is applicable for the western United States and other similar shallow crustal continental regions in active tectonic environments for earthquakes with moment magnitudes (M) 5.0-8.0, distances 0-250 km, average shear-wave velocities in the upper 30 m (V-S30) 200-1300 m= s, and spectral periods (T) 0.01-5 s. Our aleatory variability model captures interevent (between-event) variability, which decreases with magnitude and increases with distance. The mixed-effect residuals analysis reveals that the GK15 has no trend with respect to the independent predictor parameters. Compared to our 2007-2009 GMPE, the PGA values are very similar, whereas spectral ordinates predicted are larger at T < 0.2 s and they are smaller at longer periods. C1 [Graizer, Vladimir] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Mail Stop T-7F3, Washington, DC 20555 USA. [Kalkan, Erol] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Mail Stop 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Graizer, V (reprint author), US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Mail Stop T-7F3, Washington, DC 20555 USA.; Kalkan, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Mail Stop 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM vladimir.graizer@nrc.gov; ekalkan@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2016 VL 106 IS 2 BP 687 EP 707 DI 10.1785/0120150194 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DI6CB UT WOS:000373585700028 ER PT J AU Jibson, RW Harp, EL AF Jibson, Randall W. Harp, Edwin L. TI Ground Motions at the Outermost Limits of Seismically Triggered Landslides SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; 1987 WHITTIER-NARROWS; PACOIMA-CANYON; ROCK FALLS; CALIFORNIA; NORTHRIDGE; SLOPES; AMPLIFICATION; INVENTORIES; SHAKING AB Over the last few decades, we and our colleagues have conducted field investigations in which we mapped the outermost limits of triggered landslides in four earthquakes: 1987 Whittier Narrows, California (M 5.9), 1987 Superstition Hills, California (M 6.5), 1994 Northridge, California (M 6.7), and 2011 Mineral, Virginia (M 5.8). In an additional two earthquakes, 1976 Guatemala (M 7.5) and 1983 Coalinga, California (M 6.5), we determined limits using high-resolution aerial-photographic interpretation in conjunction with more limited ground investigation. Limits in these earthquakes were defined by the locations of the very smallest failures (<1 m(3)) from the most susceptible slopes that can be identified positively as having been triggered by earthquake shaking. Because we and our colleagues conducted all of these investigations, consistent methodology and criteria were used in determining limits. In the six earthquakes examined, we correlated the outermost landslide limits with peak ground accelerations (PGAs) from ShakeMap models of each earthquake. For the four earthquakes studied by field investigation, the minimum PGA values associated with farthest landslide limits ranged from 0.02g to 0.08g. The range for the two earthquakes investigated using aerial-photographic interpretations was 0.05-0.11g. Although PGA values at landslide limits depend on several factors, including material strength, topographic amplification, and hydrologic conditions, these values provide an empirically useful lower limiting range of PGA needed to trigger the smallest failures on very susceptible slopes. In a well-recorded earthquake, this PGA range can be used to identify an outer boundary within which we might expect to find landsliding; in earthquakes that are not well recorded, mapping the outermost landslide limits provides a useful clue about ground-motion levels at the mapped limits. C1 [Jibson, Randall W.; Harp, Edwin L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Jibson, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jibson@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2016 VL 106 IS 2 BP 708 EP 719 DI 10.1785/0120150141 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DI6CB UT WOS:000373585700029 ER PT J AU Haney, MM Nakahara, H AF Haney, Matthew M. Nakahara, Hisashi TI Surface-Wave Green's Tensors in the Near Field (vol 104, pg 1578, 2014) SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Correction C1 [Haney, Matthew M.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Nakahara, Hisashi] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Geophys, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RP Haney, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.; Nakahara, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Geophys, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM mhaney@usgs.gov; naka@zisin.gp.tohoku.ac.jp NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2016 VL 106 IS 2 BP 816 EP 818 DI 10.1785/0120150349 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DI6CB UT WOS:000373585700040 ER PT J AU Hein, JR Conrad, T Mizell, K Banakar, VK Frey, FA Sager, WW AF Hein, James R. Conrad, Tracey Mizell, Kira Banakar, Virupaxa K. Frey, Frederick A. Sager, William W. TI Controls on ferromanganese crust composition and reconnaissance resource potential, Ninetyeast Ridge, Indian Ocean SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Ferromanganese crusts; Indian Ocean; Phosphatization; Metal resources ID AFANASIY-NIKITIN SEAMOUNT; FE-MN CRUSTS; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; COBALT-RICH; DISSOLVED IRON; SPARGING OSO4; PACIFIC; SEAWATER; MANGANESE; ATLANTIC AB A reconnaissance survey of Fe-Mn crusts from the 5000 km long (similar to 31 degrees S to 10 N) Ninetyeast Ridge (NER) in the Indian Ocean shows their widespread occurrence along the ridge as well as with water depth on the ridge flanks. The crusts are hydrogenetic based in growth rates and discrimination plots. Twenty samples from 12 crusts from 9 locations along the ridge were analyzed for chemical and mineralogical compositions, growth rates, and statistical relationships (Q-mode factor analysis, correlation coefficients) were calculated. The crusts collected are relatively thin (maximum 40 mm), and those analyzed varied from 4 mm to 32 mm. However, crusts as thick as 80 mm can be expected to occur based on the age of rocks that comprise the NER and the growth rates calculated here. Growth rates of the crusts increase to the north along the NER and with water depth. The increase to the north resulted from an increased supply of Mn from the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) to depths below the OMZ combined with an increased supply of Fe at depth from the dissolution of biogenic carbonate and from deep-sourced hydrothermal Fe. These increased supplies of Fe increased growth rates of the deeper-water crusts along the entire NER. Because of the huge terrigenous (rivers, eolian, pyroclastic) and hydrothermal (three spreading centers) inputs to the Indian Ocean, and the history of primary productivity, Fe-Mn crust compositions vary from those analyzed from open-ocean locations in the Pacific. The sources of detrital material in the crusts change along the NER and reflect, from north to south, the decreasing influence of the Ganga River system and volcanic arcs located to the east, with increasing influence of sediment derived from Australia to the south. In addition, weathering of NER basalt likely contributed to the aluminosilicate fraction of the crusts. The southernmost sample has a relatively large detrital component compared to other southern NER crust samples, which was probably derived predominantly from weathering of local volcanic outcrops. Fe-Mn crusts from a dredge haul at 3412 m water depth, 2 degrees S latitude, are pervasively phosphatized along with the substrate rocks (site D7). Phosphatization took place through replacement of carbonate, preferential replacement of Fe oxyhydroxide relative to Mn oxide in the crusts, preferential replacement of silica-rich phases relative to Al-rich phases in the crusts, and precipitation of carbonate fluorapatite in pore space. The preferentially replaced silica may have been Si adsorbed on the Fe oxyhydroxide. The enrichment of Ni, Zn, and Cu in the phosphatized crust reflects preferential adsorption into the tunnel structure of todorokite. The rare earth element plus yttrium (REY) patterns indicate a lower oxidation potential during phosphatization of the NER crusts compared to Pacific phosphatized crusts. NER phosphatization occurred in a deeper-water environment than typical for phosphatization of Pacific crusts, occurred post-middle Miocene, a younger age than phosphatization the Pacific crusts, and had in part a different set of chemical changes produced by the phosphatization than did the Pacific crusts. The southern third of NER has Fe-Mn crusts with the highest Co (0.91%), Ni (0.43%), REY (033%), Cu (0.22%), Te (146 ppm), Pt (1.5 ppm), Ru (52 ppb), and Rh (99 ppb) contents. These are among the highest Pt, Ru, and Rh concentrations measured in marine Fe-Mn deposits. Because of these high metal concentrations, exploration is warranted for the southern sector of the NER, especially at shallower-water sites where the platinum group elements (PGE) and Co are likely to be even more enriched. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hein, James R.; Mizell, Kira] US Geol Survey, PCMSC, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Conrad, Tracey] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Earth & Planetary Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Banakar, Virupaxa K.] CSIR, Natl Inst Oceanog, Panaji 403004, Goa, India. [Frey, Frederick A.] MIT, Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sager, William W.] Univ Houston, Earth & Atmospher Sci, 312 Bldg SR-1, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Hein, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, PCMSC, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jhein@usgs.gov; tconrad@ucsc.edu; kmizell@usgs.gov; banakar@nio.org; fafrey@mit.edu; wwsager@uh.edu NR 72 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD APR PY 2016 VL 110 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2015.11.006 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DI5MY UT WOS:000373544500001 ER PT J AU Read, JS Walker, JI Appling, AP Blodgett, DL Read, EK Winslow, LA AF Read, Jordan S. Walker, Jordan I. Appling, Alison P. Blodgett, David L. Read, Emily K. Winslow, Luke A. TI geoknife: reproducible web-processing of large gridded datasets SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MACROSYSTEMS ECOLOGY; GEOPROCESSING WEB; UNITED-STATES; MODEL; MANAGEMENT AB Geoprocessing of large gridded data according to overlap with irregular landscape features is common to many large-scale ecological analyses. The geoknife R package was created to facilitate reproducible analyses of gridded datasets found on the U.S. Geological Survey Geo Data Portal web application or elsewhere, using a web-enabled workflow that eliminates the need to download and store large datasets that are reliably hosted on the Internet. The package provides access to several data subset and summarization algorithms that are available on remote web processing servers. Outputs from geoknife include spatial and temporal data subsets, spatially-averaged time series values filtered by user-specified areas of interest, and categorical coverage fractions for various land-use types. C1 [Read, Jordan S.; Walker, Jordan I.; Appling, Alison P.; Blodgett, David L.; Read, Emily K.; Winslow, Luke A.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI USA. [Appling, Alison P.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Read, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI USA. EM jread@usgs.gov OI Read, Emily/0000-0002-9617-9433 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; Dept of the Interior Northeast Climate Science Center; Center for Integrated Analytics FX The U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center provided funding for the Geo Data Portal and funding from the Dept of the Interior Northeast Climate Science Center and the Center for Integrated Analytics supported geoknife development efforts. We thank co-editors Michael Borregaard and Ted Hart who contributed substantially to the improvement of our original manuscript, in addition to helpful input received from two anonymous reviewers and Jessica Thompson. We also thank the Ecography editorial staff. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD APR PY 2016 VL 39 IS 4 BP 354 EP 360 DI 10.1111/ecog.01880 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DI8FL UT WOS:000373736800002 ER PT J AU Landmeyer, JE Effinger, TN AF Landmeyer, James E. Effinger, Thomas N. TI Effect of phytoremediation on concentrations of benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and dissolved oxygen in groundwater at a former manufactured gas plant site, Charleston, South Carolina, USA, 1998-2014 SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Phytoremediation; Manufactured gas plant; Coal tar; Benzene; Toluene; Naphthalene ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POPLAR TREES; WATER; SOIL AB Concentrations of benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and dissolved oxygen in groundwater at a former manufactured gas plant site near Charleston, South Carolina, USA, have been monitored since the installation of a phytoremediation system of hybrid poplar trees in 1998. Between 2000 and 2014, the concentrations of benzene, toluene, and naphthalene (BT&N) in groundwater in the planted area have decreased. For example, in the monitoring well containing the highest concentrations of BT&N, benzene concentrations decreased from 10,200 mu g/L to less than 4000 mu g/L, toluene concentrations decreased from 2420 mu g/L to less than 20 mu g/L, and naphthalene concentrations decreased from 6840 mu g/L to less than 3000 mu g/L. Concentrations of BT&N in groundwater in all wells were observed to be lower during the summer months relative to the winter months of a particular year during the first few years after installing the phytoremediation system, most likely due to increased transpiration and contaminant uptake by the hybrid poplar trees during the warm summer months; this pathway of uptake by trees was confirmed by the detection of benzene, toluene, and naphthalene in trees during sampling events in 2002, and later in the study in 2012. These data suggest that the phytoremediation system affects the groundwater contaminants on a seasonal basis and, over multiple years, has resulted in a cumulative decrease in dissolved-phase contaminant concentrations in groundwater. The removal of dissolved organic contaminants from the aquifer has resulted in a lower demand on dissolved oxygen supplied by recharge and, as a result, the redox status of the groundwater has changed from anoxic to oxic conditions. This study provides much needed information for water managers and other scientists on the viability of the long-term effectiveness of phytoremediation in decreasing groundwater contaminants and increasing dissolved oxygen at sites contaminated by benzene, toluene, and naphthalene. C1 [Landmeyer, James E.] US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Effinger, Thomas N.] SCANA, 220 Operat Way, Cayce, SC 29033 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 EI 1866-6299 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD APR PY 2016 VL 75 IS 7 AR 605 DI 10.1007/s12665-016-5408-9 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA DI6UJ UT WOS:000373635400064 ER PT J AU Coe, JA Baum, RL Allstadt, KE Kochevar, BF Schmitt, RG Morgan, ML White, JL Stratton, BT Hayashi, TA Kean, JW AF Coe, Jeffrey A. Baum, Rex L. Allstadt, Kate E. Kochevar, Bernard F., Jr. Schmitt, Robert G. Morgan, Matthew L. White, Jonathan L. Stratton, Benjamin T. Hayashi, Timothy A. Kean, Jason W. TI Rock-avalanche dynamics revealed by large-scale field mapping and seismic signals at a highly mobile avalanche in the West Salt Creek valley, western Colorado SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-FORCE REPRESENTATION; FLUIDIZED GRANULAR MASSES; MONTAGUTO EARTH FLOW; 3-DIMENSIONAL TERRAIN; DEBRIS AVALANCHE; CATASTROPHIC LANDSLIDE; MOUNTAIN; MODEL; KINEMATICS; ELEMENTS AB On 25 May 2014, a rain-on-snow-induced rock avalanche occurred in the West Salt Creek valley on the northern flank of Grand Mesa in western Colorado (United States). The avalanche mobilized from a preexisting rock slide in the Green River Formation and traveled 4.6 km down the confined valley, killing three people. The avalanche was rare for the contiguous United States because of its large size (54.5 Mm(3)) and high mobility (height/length = 0.14). To understand the avalanche failure sequence, mechanisms, and mobility, we conducted a forensic analysis using large-scale (1: 1000) structural mapping and seismic data. We used high-resolution, unmanned aircraft system imagery as a base for field mapping, and analyzed seismic data from 22 broadband stations (distances <656 km from the rock-slide source area) and one short-period network. We inverted broadband data to derive a time series of forces that the avalanche exerted on the earth and tracked these forces using curves in the avalanche path. Our results revealed that the rock avalanche was a cascade of landslide events, rather than a single massive failure. The sequence began with an early morning landslide/debris flow that started similar to 10 h before the main avalanche. The main avalanche lasted similar to 3.5 min and traveled at average velocities ranging from 15 to 36 m/s. For at least two hours after the avalanche ceased movement, a central, hummock-rich core continued to move slowly. Since 25 May 2014, numerous shallow landslides, rock slides, and rock falls have created new structures and modified avalanche topography. Mobility of the main avalanche and central core was likely enhanced by valley floor material that liquefied from undrained loading by the overriding avalanche. Although the base was likely at least partially liquefied, our mapping indicates that the overriding avalanche internally deformed predominantly by sliding along discrete shear surfaces in material that was nearly dry and had substantial frictional strength. These results indicate that the West Salt Creek avalanche, and probably other long-traveled avalanches, could be modeled as two layers: a thin, liquefied basal layer, and a thicker and stronger overriding layer. C1 [Coe, Jeffrey A.; Baum, Rex L.; Allstadt, Kate E.; Schmitt, Robert G.; Kean, Jason W.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kochevar, Bernard F., Jr.; Hayashi, Timothy A.] Mesa Cty Dept Publ Works, 200 S Spruce St, Grand Junction, CO 81502 USA. [Morgan, Matthew L.; White, Jonathan L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Colorado Geol Survey, 1801 19th St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Stratton, Benjamin T.] US Forest Serv, Gunnison Dist Off, 216 N Colorado, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. RP Coe, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jcoe@usgs.gov OI Baum, Rex/0000-0001-5337-1970; Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369; Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608 FU National Science Foundation [1349572, EAR-1261681]; USGS, Landslide Hazards Program; Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS); State of Utah FX This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under award number 1349572. The facilities of Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services (Seattle, Washington), and specifically the IRIS Data Management Center, were used for access to waveforms, related metadata, and/or derived products used in this study. IRIS Data Services are funded through the Seismological Facilities for the Advancement of Geoscience and EarthScope (SAGE) Proposal of the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement EAR-1261681. Seismic data accessed through IRIS came from the USArray Transportable Array, the University of Utah Regional/Urban Seismic Network, the Intermountain West Seismic Network, the Arizona Broadband Seismic Network, and the United States National Seismic Network. Additional data from private networks were kindly provided by the North Fork Valley Seismic Network courtesy of Peter Swanson, and the Paradox Valley Seismic Network through the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Project. Data from the Transportable Array network were made freely available as part of the EarthScope USArray facility, operated by IRIS and supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement EAR-1261681. Financial support was provided by the USGS, including the Landslide Hazards Program, and the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) and the State of Utah. Intermountain West network data are freely available from the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 102 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD APR PY 2016 VL 12 IS 2 BP 607 EP 631 DI 10.1130/GES01265.1 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DI0ZV UT WOS:000373226700013 ER PT J AU Borneman, TE Rose, ET Simons, TR AF Borneman, Tracy E. Rose, Eli T. Simons, Theodore R. TI Off-road vehicles affect nesting behaviour and reproductive success of American Oystercatchers Haematopus palliatus SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE aircraft; audio; video recording; birds; human disturbance; nest success; pedestrians ID AFRICAN BLACK OYSTERCATCHERS; ISLAND NATIONAL SEASHORE; WESTERN SNOWY PLOVERS; LEVEL JET AIRCRAFT; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; BREEDING SUCCESS; POPULATION-SIZE; NORTH-CAROLINA; PARENTAL CARE; CONSERVATION AB As human populations and associated development increase, interactions between humans and wildlife are occurring with greater frequency. The effects of these interactions, particularly on species whose populations are declining, are of great interest to ecologists, conservationists, land managers and natural resource policy-makers. The American Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus, a species of conservation concern in the USA, nests on coastal beaches subject to various forms of anthropogenic disturbance, including aircraft overflights, off-road vehicles and pedestrians. This study assessed the effects of these human disturbances on the incubation behaviour and reproductive success of nesting American Oystercatchers at Cape Lookout National Seashore, on the Atlantic coast of the USA. We expanded on-going monitoring of Oystercatchers at Cape Lookout National Seashore by supplementing periodic visual observations with continuous 24-h video and audio recording at nests. Aircraft overflights were not associated with changes in Oystercatcher incubation behaviour, and we found no evidence that aircraft overflights influenced Oystercatcher reproductive success. However, Oystercatchers were on their nests significantly less often during off-road vehicle and pedestrian events than they were during control periods before the events, and an increase in the number of off-road vehicles passing a nest during incubation was consistently associated with significant reductions in daily nest survival (6% decrease in daily nest survival for a one-vehicle increase in the average number of vehicles passing a nest each day; odds ratio=0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90, 0.98) and hatching success (12% decrease in hatching success for a one-vehicle increase in the average number of vehicles passing a nest each day; odds ratio=0.88; 95% CI 0.76, 0.97). Management of vehicles and pedestrians in areas of Oystercatcher breeding is important for the conservation of American Oystercatchers. C1 [Borneman, Tracy E.; Rose, Eli T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Borneman, TE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tracyborneman@gmail.com OI Borneman, Tracy/0000-0002-8196-1369; Rose, Eli/0000-0003-0958-9491 FU United States Marine Corps; U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, NC; NC State University IACUC [12-046-O] FX Funding was provided by the United States Marine Corps, U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, NC; we thank Marine Corps personnel including C. Lombardo, D. Plummer, J. Guilianelli, K. Cobb and many others for providing data and support. Audrey DeRose-Wilson, Matthew Hillman, Sarah Karpanty, James Fraser and Jessica Stocking were extremely helpful collaborators in this research. We also greatly appreciate Sarah Karpanty's suggestions on the manuscript. Many thanks to J. Wettroth, M. Rikard, J. Altman and the staff of Cape Lookout National Seashore for project assistance. D. Mennitt, D. Joyce, K. Fristrup and S. Hussain provided software and technical support. We are indebted to research assistants and volunteers M. Thoemmes, J. Smith, K. Pierson, M. Peterson, A. Nolker, I. Colon, J. Hampton and M. Fisk. We thank M. Krachey, F. Wu, T. Chen, K. Shusterman, P. Bloomfield, K. Pollock and K. Gross for providing statistical analysis support. Thanks to N. Haddad and J. Collazo for project review and advice. Many thanks to R. Nager, M. Frederiksen and two anonymous reviewers for manuscript comments and suggestions. This research was conducted under the auspices of NC State University IACUC protocol #12-046-O. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 EI 1474-919X J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD APR PY 2016 VL 158 IS 2 BP 261 EP 278 DI 10.1111/ibi.12358 PG 18 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DI2ZM UT WOS:000373367900003 ER PT J AU Brussee, BE Coates, PS Hothem, RL Howe, KB Casazza, ML Eadie, JM AF Brussee, Brianne E. Coates, Peter S. Hothem, Roger L. Howe, Kristy B. Casazza, Michael L. Eadie, John M. TI Nest survival is influenced by parental behaviour and heterospecifics in a mixed-species colony SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE Black-crowned Night-Heron; California Gull; incubation behaviour; Larus; Nycticorax; predation; weather; Western Gull ID HERONS NYCTICORAX-NYCTICORAX; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; BREEDING SUCCESS; PREDATION RISK; GULL COLONIES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; INCUBATION BEHAVIOR; SITE SELECTION; BIRDS; CALIFORNIA AB Studies of avian nest success often focus on examining influences of variation in environmental and seasonal factors. However, in-depth evaluations can also incorporate variation in individual incubation behaviour to further advance our understanding of avian reproductive ecology. We examined these relationships in colonially nesting Black-crowned Night-Herons Nycticorax nycticorax using intensive video-monitoring methods to quantify incubation behaviours. We modelled nest survival as a function of both extrinsic factors and incubation behaviours over a 3-year period (2010-12) on Alcatraz Island, USA. Model-averaged parameter estimates indicated that nest survival increased as a function of greater incubation constancy (% of time spent incubating eggs within a 24-h period), and average daily precipitation throughout the nesting stage. Common Ravens Corvus corax are the only known nest predator of Night-Herons on Alcatraz Island, as on many other coastal Pacific islands. We also investigated the effects of heterospecific nesting of California Gulls Larus californicus and Western Gulls Larus occidentalis in a mixed-species colony with Night-Herons, based on nesting proximity data collected over a 2-year period (2011-12). This second analysis indicated that, in addition to incubation behaviours, nesting heterospecifics are an important factor for explaining variation in Night-Heron nest survival. However, contrary to our original expectation, we found that Night-Herons experienced increased nest survival with increasing distance from gull colony boundaries. These results may apply to other areas with multiple colonial nesting species and similar predator communities and climatic patterns. C1 [Brussee, Brianne E.; Coates, Peter S.; Hothem, Roger L.; Howe, Kristy B.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA USA. [Brussee, Brianne E.; Eadie, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Brussee, BE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA USA.; Brussee, BE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bbrussee@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy FX We would particularly like to thank Bill Merkle and Victoria Seher at the National Park Service for their continued support of this research. We would also like to thank Michelle Fearon, Daniel Smith and Eva Dwyer for assistance with field work and video analysis. This research was funded by the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy. Scientific research permits were acquired by the US Geological Survey and issued by the National Park Service to conduct this investigation. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 EI 1474-919X J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD APR PY 2016 VL 158 IS 2 BP 315 EP 326 DI 10.1111/ibi.12351 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DI2ZM UT WOS:000373367900007 ER PT J AU Nisbet, ICT Monticelli, D Spendelow, JA Szczys, P AF Nisbet, Ian C. T. Monticelli, David Spendelow, Jeffrey A. Szczys, Patricia TI Prebreeding survival of Roseate Terns Sterna dougallii varies with sex, hatching order and hatching date SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE capture-mark-recapture; endangered species; metapopulation; program mark; sex ratio skew ID EARLY GROWTH; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; COMMON TERNS; RATIO BIAS; BIRD; CHICKS; POPULATIONS; CONSEQUENCES; RECRUITMENT; DISPERSAL AB Unequal sex ratios can reduce the productivity of animal populations and are especially prevalent among endangered species. A cohort of 333 Roseate Tern Sterna dougallii chicks at a site where the adult sex ratio was skewed towards females was sexed at hatching and followed through fledging and return to the breeding area, and subsequently during adulthood. The entire regional metapopulation was sampled for returning birds. Prebreeding survival (from fledging to age 3years) was lower in males than in females, but only among B-chicks (second in hatching order). Prebreeding survival also declined with hatching date. The proportion of females in this cohort increased from 54.6% at hatching to 56.2% at fledging and to an estimated 58.0% among survivors at age 3years. This was more than sufficient to explain the degree of skew in the sex ratio of the adult population, but changes in this degree of skew during the study period make it difficult to identify the influence of a single cohort of recruits. Many studies of prebreeding survival in other bird species have identified effects of sex, hatching order or hatching date, but no previous study has tested for effects of all three factors simultaneously. C1 [Nisbet, Ian C. T.] ICT Nisbet & Co, N Falmouth, MA 02556 USA. [Monticelli, David] Univ Coimbra, MARE Marine & Environm Sci Ctr, Dept Life Sci, P-3004517 Coimbra, Portugal. [Spendelow, Jeffrey A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Szczys, Patricia] Eastern Connecticut State Univ, Willimantic, CT 06226 USA. RP Nisbet, ICT (reprint author), ICT Nisbet & Co, N Falmouth, MA 02556 USA. EM icnisbet@verizon.net FU Massachusetts Environmental Trust; Massachusetts Audubon Society; Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT - Portugal); European Social Fund (POPH, EU) [SFRH/BDP/66672/2009] FX We thank J. Arnold, P. and R. Davey, M. Friar and M. Watson for assistance in the field, the Massachusetts Environmental Trust and the Massachusetts Audubon Society for financial support, and the Town of Marion for permission to work at Bird Island. We thank the many observers who took part in the region-wide trapping and resighting programme between 1999 and 2009: for full acknowledgments see Spendelow et al. (2008). We also thank J. Nichols for helpful advice, and N. Ratcliffe and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. All activities were carried out under appropriate state and federal permits and with the approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. D.M.'s research was sponsored by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT - Portugal) and the European Social Fund (POPH, EU) through a postdoctoral grant (SFRH/BDP/66672/2009). Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 EI 1474-919X J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD APR PY 2016 VL 158 IS 2 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1111/ibi.12359 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DI2ZM UT WOS:000373367900008 ER PT J AU Farag, AM Hull, RN Clements, WH Glomb, S Larson, DL Stahl, R Stauber, J AF Farag, Aida M. Hull, Ruth N. Clements, Will H. Glomb, Steve Larson, Diane L. Stahl, Ralph Stauber, Jenny TI Restoration of impaired ecosystems: An ounce of prevention or a pound of cure? Introduction, overview, and key messages from a SETAC-SER workshop SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Restoration; Contaminated sites; Workshop overview; Remediation AB A workshop on Restoration of Impaired Ecosystems was held in Jackson, Wyoming, in June 2014. Experts from Australia, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States in ecotoxicology, restoration, and related fields from both the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry and the Society for Ecological Restoration convened to advance the practice of restoring ecosystems that have been contaminated or impaired from industrial activities. The overall goal of this workshop was to provide a forum for ecotoxicologists and restoration ecologists to define the best scientific practices to achieve ecological restoration while addressing contaminant concerns. To meet this goal, participants addressed 5 areas: 1) links between ecological risk assessment and ecological restoration, 2) restoration goals, 3) restoration design, 4) monitoring for restoration effectiveness and 5) recognizing opportunities and challenges. Definitions are provided to establish a common language across the varied disciplines. The current practice for addressing restoration of impaired ecosystems tends to be done sequentially to remediate contaminants, then to restore ecological structure and function. A better approach would anticipate or plan for restoration throughout the process. By bringing goals to the forefront, we may avoid intrusive remediation activities that close off options for the desired restoration. Participants realized that perceived limitations in the site assessment process hinder consideration of restoration goals; contaminant presence will influence restoration goal choices; social, economic, and cultural concerns can factor into goal setting; restoration options and design should be considered early during site assessment and management; restoration of both structure and function is encouraged; creative solutions can overcome limitations; a regional focus is imperative; monitoring must occur throughout the restoration process; and reciprocal transfer of knowledge is needed among theorists, practitioners, and stakeholders and among varied disciplines. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:247-252. (c) 2015 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC C1 [Farag, Aida M.] US Geol Survey, Jackson, WY USA. [Hull, Ruth N.] Intrinsik Environm Sci, Mississauga, ON, Canada. [Clements, Will H.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Glomb, Steve] US Dept Interior, Washington, DC USA. [Larson, Diane L.] US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN USA. [Stahl, Ralph] DuPont Co Inc, Wilmington, DC USA. [Stauber, Jenny] CSIRO Land Water, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Farag, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Jackson, WY USA. EM aida_farag@usgs.gov RI Stauber, Jenny/G-8418-2011; Clements, William/N-2686-2016; OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 FU Anchor QEA LLC; Chevron; CSIRO; DuPont; ExxonMobil; Honeywell; Industrial Economics Inc.; Intrinsik Environmental Sciences Inc.; Integral Consulting Inc.; Matrix New World Engineering Inc.; Newmont Mining Corp.; Rio Tinto; Teck Metals Ltd.; Conservation Fund; URS Corporation; US Department of the Interior; Windward Environmental LLC FX We gratefully acknowledge the SETAC North America staff, in particular Greg Schiefer and Nikki Mayo, who provided support to the steering committee and workshop participants before, during and after the workshop. We appreciate the funding support from the following groups that made the workshop possible: Anchor QEA LLC, Chevron, CSIRO, DuPont, ExxonMobil, Honeywell, Industrial Economics Inc., Intrinsik Environmental Sciences Inc., Integral Consulting Inc., Matrix New World Engineering Inc., Newmont Mining Corp., Rio Tinto, Teck Metals Ltd., The Conservation Fund, URS Corporation, US Department of the Interior, and Windward Environmental LLC. San Francisco Chronicle photo by Kurt Rogers of oil spill used in Figure 1. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD APR PY 2016 VL 12 IS 2 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1002/ieam.1687 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DI3KG UT WOS:000373396900005 PM 26414121 ER PT J AU Kapustka, LA Bowers, K Isanhart, J Martinez-Garza, C Finger, S Stahl, RG Stauber, J AF Kapustka, Lawrence A. Bowers, Keith Isanhart, John Martinez-Garza, Cristina Finger, Susan Stahl, Ralph G., Jr. Stauber, Jenny TI Coordinating ecological restoration options analysis and risk assessment to improve environmental outcomes SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ecological planning framework; Ecosystem services; Landscape perspective; Valued ecological resources ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; RESOURCE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT; CONCEPTUAL MODELS; SOUTH FLORIDA; FRAMEWORK; TOXICOLOGY; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES AB Ecological risk assessment as currently practiced has hindered consideration of ecosystem services endpoints and restoration goals in the environmental management process. Practitioners have created barriers between procedures to clean up contaminated areas and efforts to restore ecosystem functions. In this article, we examine linkages between contaminant risk assessment approaches and restoration efforts with the aim of identifying ways to improve environmental outcomes. We advocate that project managers and other stakeholders use an ecological planning framework, with restoration options included upfront in the risk assessment. We also considered the opportunities to incorporate ecosystem services as potential assessment endpoints in the Problem Formulation stages of a risk assessment. Indeed, diverse perspectives of stakeholders are central to understand the relevance of social, cultural, economic, and regional ecology as influences on future use options for the landscape being restored. The measurement endpoints used to characterize the existing ecological conditions for selected ecosystem services can also be used to evaluate restoration success. A regional, landscape, or seascape focus is needed throughout the risk assessment process, so that restoration efforts play a more prominent role in enhancing ecosystem services. In short, we suggest that practitioners begin with the question of how can the ecological risk assessment inform the decision on how best to restore the ecosystem? Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:253-263. (c) 2015 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC C1 [Kapustka, Lawrence A.] LK Consultancy, Turner Valley, AB, Canada. [Bowers, Keith] Biohabitats, Charleston, SC USA. [Isanhart, John] Dept Interior, Denver, CO USA. [Martinez-Garza, Cristina] Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Finger, Susan] USGS Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Stahl, Ralph G., Jr.] EI Pont Nemours, Wilmington, DC USA. [Stauber, Jenny] CSIRO Land & Water, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Kapustka, LA (reprint author), LK Consultancy, Turner Valley, AB, Canada. EM kapustka@xplornet.com RI Stauber, Jenny/G-8418-2011 FU Anchor QEA LLC; Chevron; CSIRO; DuPont; ExxonMobil; Honeywell; Industrial Economics; Intrinsik Environmental Sciences; Integral Consulting; Matrix New World Engineering; Newmont Mining; Rio Tinto; Teck Metals; Conservation Fund; URS Corporation; US Department of the Interior; Windward Environmental LLC FX We gratefully acknowledge the SETAC North America staff, in particular Greg Schiefer and Nikki Mayo, who provided support to the steering committee and workshop participants before, during and after the workshop. We appreciate the funding support from the following groups that made the workshop possible: Anchor QEA LLC, Chevron, CSIRO, DuPont, ExxonMobil, Honeywell, Industrial Economics, Intrinsik Environmental Sciences, Integral Consulting, Matrix New World Engineering, Newmont Mining, Rio Tinto, Teck Metals, The Conservation Fund, URS Corporation, US Department of the Interior, and Windward Environmental LLC. NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 24 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD APR PY 2016 VL 12 IS 2 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1002/ieam.1673 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DI3KG UT WOS:000373396900006 PM 26077395 ER PT J AU Wagner, AM Larson, DL DalSoglio, JA Harris, JA Labus, P Rosi-Marshall, EJ Skrabis, KE AF Wagner, Anne M. Larson, Diane L. DalSoglio, Julie A. Harris, James A. Labus, Paul Rosi-Marshall, Emma J. Skrabis, Kristin E. TI A framework for establishing restoration goals for contaminated ecosystems SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Decision support; Remediation; Restoration; Restoration Goals ID ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; REMEDIATION; PERSPECTIVE; SPILL; RISK AB As natural resources become increasingly limited, the value of restoring contaminated sites, both terrestrial and aquatic, becomes increasingly apparent. Traditionally, goals for remediation have been set before any consideration of goals for ecological restoration. The goals for remediation have focused on removing or limiting contamination whereas restoration goals have targeted the ultimate end use. Here, we present a framework for developing a comprehensive set of achievable goals for ecological restoration of contaminated sites to be used in concert with determining goals for remediation. This framework was developed during a Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) and Society of Ecological Restoration (SER) cosponsored workshop that brought together experts from multiple countries. Although most members were from North America, this framework is designed for use internationally. We discuss the integration of establishing goals for both contaminant remediation and overall restoration, and the need to include both the restoration of ecological and socio-cultural-economic value in the context of contaminated sites. Although recognizing that in some countries there may be regulatory issues associated with contaminants and clean up, landscape setting and social drivers can inform the restoration goals. We provide a decision tree support tool to guide the establishment of restoration goals for contaminated ecosystems. The overall intent of this decision tree is to provide a framework for goal setting and to identify outcomes achievable given the contamination present at a site. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:264-272. 2015 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC) C1 [Wagner, Anne M.] Chevron Energy Technol, San Ramon, CA USA. [Larson, Diane L.] US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN USA. [DalSoglio, Julie A.] US EPA, Reg 8, Helena, MT USA. [Harris, James A.] Cranfield Univ, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. [Labus, Paul] Nature Conservancy, Merrillville, IN USA. [Rosi-Marshall, Emma J.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. [Skrabis, Kristin E.] US Dept Interior, Washington, DC USA. RP Wagner, AM (reprint author), Chevron Energy Technol, San Ramon, CA USA. EM awagne@chevron.com RI Harris, Jim/B-2816-2011; OI Harris, Jim/0000-0001-9266-4979; Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 FU Anchor QEA LLC; Chevron; CSIRO; DuPont; ExxonMobil; Honeywell; Industrial Economics; Intrinsik Environmental Sciences; Integral Consulting; Matrix New World Engineering; Newmont Mining; Rio Tinto; Teck Metals; Conservation Fund; URS Corporation; US Department of the Interior; US Geological Survey-Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; Windward Environmental LLC FX We gratefully acknowledge the SETAC North America staff, in particular Greg Schiefer and Nikki Mayo, who provided support to the steering committee and workshop participants before, during and after the workshop. We appreciate the funding support from the following groups that made the workshop possible: Anchor QEA LLC, Chevron, CSIRO, DuPont, ExxonMobil, Honeywell, Industrial Economics, Intrinsik Environmental Sciences, Integral Consulting, Matrix New World Engineering, Newmont Mining, Rio Tinto, Teck Metals, The Conservation Fund, URS Corporation, US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey-Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. and Windward Environmental LLC. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD APR PY 2016 VL 12 IS 2 BP 264 EP 272 DI 10.1002/ieam.1709 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DI3KG UT WOS:000373396900007 PM 26339869 ER PT J AU Rohr, JR Farag, AM Cadotte, MW Clements, WH Smith, JR Ulrich, CP Woods, R AF Rohr, Jason R. Farag, Aida M. Cadotte, Marc W. Clements, William H. Smith, James R. Ulrich, Cheryl P. Woods, Richard TI Transforming ecosystems: When, where, and how to restore contaminated sites SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Contaminated sites; Ecology; Economics; Ecosystem functions and services; Restoration ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; INVASION RESISTANCE; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; MULTIPLE STRESSORS; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; PLANT TRAITS; BIODIVERSITY AB Chemical contamination has impaired ecosystems, reducing biodiversity and the provisioning of functions and services. This has spurred a movement to restore contaminated ecosystems and develop and implement national and international regulations that require it. Nevertheless, ecological restoration remains a young and rapidly growing discipline and its intersection with toxicology is even more nascent and underdeveloped. Consequently, we provide guidance to scientists and practitioners on when, where, and how to restore contaminated ecosystems. Although restoration has many benefits, it also can be expensive, and in many cases systems can recover without human intervention. Hence, the first question we address is: When should we restore contaminated ecosystems? Second, we provide suggestions on what to restorebiodiversity, functions, services, all 3, or something elseand where to restore given expected changes to habitats driven by global climate change. Finally, we provide guidance on how to restore contaminated ecosystems. To do this, we analyze critical aspects of the literature dealing with the ecology of restoring contaminated ecosystems. Additionally, we review approaches for translating the science of restoration to on-the-ground actions, which includes discussions of market incentives and the finances of restoration, stakeholder outreach and governance models for ecosystem restoration, and working with contractors to implement restoration plans. By explicitly considering the mechanisms and strategies that maximize the success of the restoration of contaminated sites, we hope that our synthesis serves to increase and improve collaborations between restoration ecologists and ecotoxicologists and set a roadmap for the restoration of contaminated ecosystems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:273-283. (c) 2015 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC C1 [Rohr, Jason R.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL USA. [Farag, Aida M.] US Geol Survey, CERC, Jackson Field Res Stn, Jackson, WY USA. [Cadotte, Marc W.] Univ Toronto, Biol Sci, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Clements, William H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Smith, James R.] Indiana Dept Environm Management, Off Land Qual, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Ulrich, Cheryl P.] Dewberry, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Woods, Richard] ExxonMobil Biomed Sci, Annandale, NJ USA. RP Rohr, JR (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL USA. EM jasonrohr@gmail.com RI Clements, William/N-2686-2016 FU Anchor QEA LLC; Chevron; CSIRO; DuPont; ExxonMobil; Honeywell; Industrial Economics; Intrinsik Environmental Sciences; Integral Consulting; Matrix New World Engineering; Newmont Mining; Rio Tinto; Teck Metals; Conservation Fund; URS Corporation; US Department of the Interior; Windward Environmental LLC; National Science Foundation [EF-1241889]; National Institutes of Health [R01GM109499, R01TW010286-01]; US Department of Agriculture [NRI 2006-01370, 2009-35102-0543]; US Environmental Protection Agency [CAREER 83518801]; Indiana Department of Environmental Management FX We gratefully acknowledge the SETAC North America staff, in particular Greg Schiefer and Nikki Mayo, who provided support to the steering committee and workshop participants before, during and after the workshop. We appreciate the funding support from the following groups that made the workshop possible: Anchor QEA LLC, Chevron, CSIRO, DuPont, ExxonMobil, Honeywell, Industrial Economics, Intrinsik Environmental Sciences, Integral Consulting, Matrix New World Engineering, Newmont Mining, Rio Tinto, Teck Metals, The Conservation Fund, URS Corporation, US Department of the Interior, and Windward Environmental LLC. JRR was supported by funds from the National Science Foundation (EF-1241889), the National Institutes of Health (R01GM109499, R01TW010286-01), the US Department of Agriculture (NRI 2006-01370 and 2009-35102-0543), and the US Environmental Protection Agency grant (CAREER 83518801). MWC wishes to acknowledge the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (#386151) and the endowed TD Professor of Urban Forest Conservation and Biology chair. JRS was supported by funds from Indiana Department of Environmental Management. NR 90 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 16 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD APR PY 2016 VL 12 IS 2 BP 273 EP 283 DI 10.1002/ieam.1668 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DI3KG UT WOS:000373396900008 PM 26033665 ER PT J AU Hooper, MJ Glomb, SJ Harper, DD Hoelzle, TB McIntosh, LM Mulligan, DR AF Hooper, Michael J. Glomb, Stephen J. Harper, David D. Hoelzle, Timothy B. McIntosh, Lisa M. Mulligan, David R. TI Integrated risk and recovery monitoring of ecosystem restorations on contaminated sites SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Contaminated sites; Ecological restoration; Ecosystem service; Monitoring; Remediation ID ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT; SEDIMENT; RIVER; WETLAND; SCALE; MONTANA; SUCCESS AB Ecological restorations of contaminated sites balance the human and ecological risks of residual contamination with the benefits of ecological recovery and the return of lost ecological function and ecosystem services. Risk and recovery are interrelated dynamic conditions, changing as remediation and restoration activities progress through implementation into long-term management and ecosystem maturation. Monitoring restoration progress provides data critical to minimizing residual contaminant risk and uncertainty, while measuring ecological advancement toward recovery goals. Effective monitoring plans are designed concurrently with restoration plan development and implementation and are focused on assessing the effectiveness of activities performed in support of restoration goals for the site. Physical, chemical, and biotic measures characterize progress toward desired structural and functional ecosystem components of the goals. Structural metrics, linked to ecosystem functions and services, inform restoration practitioners of work plan modifications or more substantial adaptive management actions necessary to maintain desired recovery. Monitoring frequency, duration, and scale depend on specific attributes and goals of the restoration project. Often tied to restoration milestones, critical assessment of monitoring metrics ensures attainment of risk minimization and ecosystem recovery. Finally, interpretation and communication of monitoring findings inform and engage regulators, other stakeholders, the scientific community, and the public. Because restoration activities will likely cease before full ecosystem recovery, monitoring endpoints should demonstrate risk reduction and a successional trajectory toward the condition established in the restoration goals. A detailed assessment of the completed project's achievements, as well as unrealized objectives, attained through project monitoring, will determine if contaminant risk has been minimized, if injured resources have recovered, and if ecosystem services have been returned. Such retrospective analysis will allow better planning for future restoration goals and strengthen the evidence base for quantifying injuries and damages at other sites in the future. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:284-295. (c) 2015 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. C1 [Hooper, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Glomb, Stephen J.] US Dept Interior, Off Restorat & Damage Assessment, Washington, DC USA. [Harper, David D.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson Field Res Stn, Jackson, WY USA. [Hoelzle, Timothy B.] Great Ecol, Denver, CO USA. [McIntosh, Lisa M.] Woodard & Curran, Providence, RI USA. [Mulligan, David R.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Mined Land Rehabil, Sustainable Minerals Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Hooper, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. EM mhooper@usgs.gov OI Hooper, Michael/0000-0002-4161-8961 FU Anchor QEA LLC; Chevron; CSIRO; DuPont; ExxonMobil; Honeywell; Industrial Economics; Intrinsik Environmental Sciences; Integral Consulting; Matrix New World Engineering; Newmont Mining; Rio Tinto; Teck Metals, Ltd; Conservation Fund; URS Corporation; US Department of the Interior; Windward Environmental LLC.; Society for Ecological Restoration (SER); Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Society for Ecological Restoration (SER) and Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) for supporting the "Restoration of Impaired Ecosystems" workshop from which this review arose (see Farag et al. this issue). SETAC North America staff, in particular Greg Schiefer and Nikki Mayo, provided support to the workshop steering committee and participants before, during, and after the workshop. Funding support from the following groups made the workshop possible: Anchor QEA LLC, Chevron, CSIRO, DuPont, ExxonMobil, Honeywell, Industrial Economics, Intrinsik Environmental Sciences, Integral Consulting, Matrix New World Engineering, Newmont Mining, Rio Tinto, Teck Metals, Ltd, The Conservation Fund, URS Corporation, US Department of the Interior, and Windward Environmental LLC. This manuscript benefitted from comments by L. Kapustka, A. Farag, D. Larson, and J. Schmerfeld and two anonymous reviewers. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 12 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD APR PY 2016 VL 12 IS 2 BP 284 EP 295 DI 10.1002/ieam.1731 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DI3KG UT WOS:000373396900009 PM 26465231 ER PT J AU Hull, RN Luoma, SN Bayne, BA Iliff, J Larkin, DJ Paschke, MW Victor, SL Ward, SE AF Hull, Ruth N. Luoma, Samuel N. Bayne, Bruce A. Iliff, John Larkin, Daniel J. Paschke, Mark W. Victor, Sasha L. Ward, Sara E. TI Opportunities and challenges of integrating ecological restoration into assessment and management of contaminated ecosystems SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Early integration; Ecosystem services; Monitoring; Restoration ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; REMEDIATION; STREAMS AB Ecosystem restoration planning near the beginning of the site assessment and management process (early integration) involves consideration of restoration goals from the outset in developing solutions for contaminated ecosystems. There are limitations to integration that stem from institutional barriers, few successful precedents, and limited availability of guidance. Challenges occur in integrating expertise from various disciplines and multiple, sometimes divergent interests and goals. The more complex process can result in timing, capacity, communication, and collaboration challenges. On the other hand, integrating the 2 approaches presents new and creative opportunities. For example, integration allows early planning for expanding ecosystem services on or near contaminated lands or waters that might otherwise have been unaddressed by remediation alone. Integrated plans can explicitly pursue ecosystem services that have market value, which can add to funds for long-term monitoring and management. Early integration presents opportunities for improved and productive collaboration and coordination between ecosystem restoration and contaminant assessment and management. Examples exist where early integration facilitates liability resolution and generates positive public relations. Restoration planning and implementation before the completion of the contaminated site assessment, remediation, or management process (early restoration) can facilitate coordination with offsite restoration options and a regional approach to restoration of contaminated environments. Integration of performance monitoring, for both remedial and restoration actions, can save resources and expand the interpretive power of results. Early integration may aid experimentation, which may be more feasible on contaminated lands than in many other situations. The potential application of concepts and tools from adaptive management is discussed as a way of avoiding pitfalls and achieving benefits in early integration. In any case, there will be challenges with early integration of restoration concepts for contaminated ecosystems, but the benefits are likely to outweigh them. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:296-305. (c) 2015 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC) C1 [Hull, Ruth N.] Intrinsik Environm Sci, Mississauga, ON, Canada. [Luoma, Samuel N.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bayne, Bruce A.] AECOM, Conshohocken, PA USA. [Iliff, John] NOAA, NMFS Off Habitat Conservat, Operat Management & Informat Div, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Larkin, Daniel J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Paschke, Mark W.; Victor, Sasha L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ward, Sara E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh Ecol Serv Field Off, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Hull, RN (reprint author), Intrinsik Environm Sci, Mississauga, ON, Canada. EM rhull@intrinsik.com FU Anchor QEA LLC; Chevron; CSIRO; DuPont; ExxonMobil; Honeywell; Industrial Economics; Intrinsik Environmental Sciences; Integral Consulting; Matrix New World Engineering; Newmont Mining; Rio Tinto; Teck Metals; Conservation Fund; URS Corporation; US Department of the Interior; Windward Environmental LLC. FX We gratefully acknowledge the SETAC North America staff, in particular Greg Schiefer and Nikki Mayo, who provided support to us before, during, and after the workshop. We appreciate the funding support from the following groups that made the workshop possible: Anchor QEA LLC, Chevron, CSIRO, DuPont, ExxonMobil, Honeywell, Industrial Economics, Intrinsik Environmental Sciences, Integral Consulting, Matrix New World Engineering, Newmont Mining, Rio Tinto, Teck Metals, The Conservation Fund, URS Corporation, US Department of the Interior, and Windward Environmental LLC. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD APR PY 2016 VL 12 IS 2 BP 296 EP 305 DI 10.1002/ieam.1714 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DI3KG UT WOS:000373396900010 PM 26419951 ER PT J AU Buccola, NL Risley, JC Rounds, SA AF Buccola, Norman L. Risley, John C. Rounds, Stewart A. TI Simulating future water temperatures in the North Santiam River, Oregon SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Water temperature; Climate change; Detroit Lake; Reservoir management; Lake management ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODEL; BASIN AB A previously calibrated two-dimensional hydrodynamic and water-quality model (CE-QUAL-W2) of Detroit Lake in western Oregon was used in conjunction with inflows derived from Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) hydrologic models to examine in-lake and downstream water temperature effects under future climate conditions. Current and hypothetical operations and structures at Detroit Dam were imposed on boundary conditions derived from downscaled General Circulation Models in base (1990-1999) and future (2059-2068) periods. Compared with the base period, future air temperatures were about 2 degrees C warmer year-round. Higher air temperature and lower precipitation under the future period resulted in a 23% reduction in mean annual PRMS-simulated discharge and a 1 degrees C increase in mean annual estimated stream temperatures flowing into the lake compared to the base period. Simulations incorporating current operational rules and minimum release rates at Detroit Dam to support downstream habitat, irrigation, and water supply during key times of year resulted in lower future lake levels. That scenario results in a lake level that is above the dam's spillway crest only about half as many days in the future compared to historical frequencies. Managing temperature downstream of Detroit Dam depends on the ability to blend warmer water from the lake's surface with cooler water from deep in the lake, and the spillway is an important release point near the lake's surface. Annual average in-lake and release temperatures from Detroit Lake warmed 1.1 degrees C and 1.5 degrees C from base to future periods under present-day dam operational rules and fill schedules. Simulated dam operations such as beginning refill of the lake 30 days earlier or reducing minimum release rates (to keep more water in the lake to retain the use of the spillway) mitigated future warming to 0.4 and 0.9 degrees C below existing operational scenarios during the critical autumn spawning period for endangered salmonids. A hypothetical floating surface withdrawal at Detroit Dam improved temperature control in summer and autumn (0.6 degrees C warmer in summer, 0.6 degrees C cooler in autumn compared to existing structures) without altering release rates or lake level management rules. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Buccola, Norman L.; Risley, John C.; Rounds, Stewart A.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Buccola, NL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM nbuccola@usgs.gov; jrisley@usgs.gov; sarounds@usgs.gov OI Rounds, Stewart/0000-0002-8540-2206; Buccola, Norman/0000-0002-9590-2458 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Portland Division FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Portland Division (http://www.nwd.usace.army.mil/). NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 535 BP 318 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.01.062 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DI3TN UT WOS:000373421500027 ER PT J AU Haugland, RA Siefring, S Varma, M Oshima, KH Sivaganesan, M Cao, YP Raith, M Griffith, J Weisberg, SB Noble, RT Blackwood, AD Kinzelman, J Anan'eva, T Bushon, RN Stelzer, EA Harwood, VJ Gordon, KV Sinigalliano, C AF Haugland, Richard A. Siefring, Shawn Varma, Manju Oshima, Kevin H. Sivaganesan, Mano Cao, Yiping Raith, Meredith Griffith, John Weisberg, Stephen B. Noble, Rachel T. Blackwood, A. Denene Kinzelman, Julie Anan'eva, Tamara Bushon, Rebecca N. Stelzer, Erin A. Harwood, Valarie J. Gordon, Katrina V. Sinigalliano, Christopher TI Multi-laboratory survey of qPCR enterococci analysis method performance in US coastal and inland surface waters SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Enterococci; qPCR; Interference; Performance; EPA Method 1609; EPA Method 1611 ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CULTURE-BASED METHODS; QUANTITATIVE PCR; ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS; MARINE BEACHES; ENUMERATION; QUALITY; QUANTIFICATION; INDICATORS; ILLNESS AB Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has become a frequently used technique for quantifying enterococci in recreational surface waters, but there are several methodological options. Here we evaluated how three method permutations, type of mastermix, sample extract dilution and use of controls in results calculation, affect method reliability among multiple laboratories with respect to sample interference. Multiple samples from each of 22 sites representing an array of habitat types were analyzed using EPA Method 1611 and 1609 reagents with full strength and five-fold diluted extracts. The presence of interference was assessed three ways: using sample processing and PCR amplifications controls; consistency of results across extract dilutions; and relative recovery of target genes from spiked enterococci in water sample compared to control matrices with acceptable recovery defined as 50 to 200%. Method 1609, which is based on an environmental mastermix, was found to be superior to Method 1611, which is based on a universal mastermix. Method 1611 had over a 40% control assay failure rate with undiluted extracts and a 6% failure rate with diluted extracts. Method 1609 failed in only 11% and 3% of undiluted and diluted extracts analyses. Use of sample processing control assay results in the delta-delta Ct method for calculating relative target gene recoveries increased the number of acceptable recovery results. Delta-delta tended to bias recoveries from apparent partially inhibitory samples on the high side which could help in avoiding potential underestimates of enterococci - an important consideration in a public health context. Control assay and delta-delta recovery results were largely consistent across the range of habitats sampled, and among laboratories. The methodological option that best balanced acceptable estimated target gene recoveries with method sensitivity and avoidance of underestimated enterococci densities was Method 1609 without extract dilution and using the delta-delta calculation method. The applicability of this method can be extended by the analysis of diluted extracts to sites where interference is indicated but, particularly in these instances, should be confirmed by augmenting the control assays with analyses for target gene recoveries from spiked target organisms. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Haugland, Richard A.; Siefring, Shawn; Varma, Manju; Oshima, Kevin H.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Sivaganesan, Mano] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Cao, Yiping; Raith, Meredith; Griffith, John; Weisberg, Stephen B.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA USA. [Noble, Rachel T.; Blackwood, A. Denene] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC USA. [Kinzelman, Julie; Anan'eva, Tamara] City Racine Hlth Dept, Racine, WI USA. [Bushon, Rebecca N.; Stelzer, Erin A.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH USA. [Harwood, Valarie J.; Gordon, Katrina V.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL USA. [Sinigalliano, Christopher] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Haugland, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM haugland.rich@epa.gov RI Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008; Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014 OI Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425; Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 EI 1872-8359 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD APR PY 2016 VL 123 BP 114 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.01.017 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA DI7BY UT WOS:000373655300017 PM 26844886 ER PT J AU Apps, CD McLellan, BN Proctor, MF Stenhouse, GB Servheen, C AF Apps, Clayton D. McLellan, Bruce N. Proctor, Michael F. Stenhouse, Gordon B. Servheen, Christopher TI Predicting Spatial Variation in Grizzly Bear Abundance to Inform Conservation SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alberta; British Columbia; connectivity; density; distribution; grizzly bear; habitat; human; population; spatial scale ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; HABITAT SELECTION; AGRICULTURAL LANDS; ECOLOGICAL TRAPS; WILDLIFE HABITAT; SWAN MOUNTAINS; POPULATION; MODELS; SCALE; MONTANA AB Understanding the spatial structure of populations is fundamental to effective assessment, planning, and management for species conservation. Because of their sensitivity and public interest, grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) are focused upon in some localized development issues and proactive conservation initiatives. Knowledge regarding the spatial context of regional grizzly bear populations is important, but often a defensible representation of probable population distribution, core areas, and connectivity is lacking. We describe the development and assessment of a regional landscape model of grizzly bear density and distribution. Our study region comprised 180,000 km(2) and 20 management units of southeast British Columbia and southwest Alberta. Our meta-analysis was based on data from 20 independent grizzly bear population surveys across the region. While accounting for differing design parameters among surveys, we contrasted grizzly bear detections against sampling representation relative to scale-dependent landscape factors. Our predictors pertained to the influence of climate, terrain, land cover, vegetation indices, and human activity. Associations within survey areas were consistent with ecological influences on grizzly bear foods and human influences on grizzly bear mortality risk and landscape avoidance. A multiple logistic regression model based on independent components of ecological variation fit well the data pooled across the region and within individual survey areas. Average values of detection probability among survey areas predicted population density (R-2 = 0.64 or 0.79 depending on one outlier). Our results support the application of our model across southeast British Columbia and southwest Alberta for assessment and planning that requires regional and local context of grizzly bear population abundance and distribution, and inference of core areas and population connections among them. For any geographic area, a population estimate can be obtained that is reflective of surveys used in the model. Spatial predictions for any defined population are likely to be more reliable than those extrapolated from tracking data of individual animals given limitations typical of such sampling. Ultimately, model output provides regional population context for environmental assessment, management, and conservation planning, nested within which should be finer-scale data and prediction where available. (C) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Apps, Clayton D.] Aspen Wildlife Res Inc, 2708 Cochrane Rd NW, Calgary, AB T2M 4H9, Canada. [McLellan, Bruce N.] Lands & Nat Resource Operat, Minist Forests, Box 1732, Darcy, BC V0N 1L0, Canada. [Proctor, Michael F.] Birchdale Ecol Ltd, POB 606, Kaslo, BC V0G 1M0, Canada. [Stenhouse, Gordon B.] Foothills Res Inst, Box 630, Hinton, AB T7V 1X6, Canada. [Servheen, Christopher] Univ Montana, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Coll Forestry & Conservat, 309 Univ Hall, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Apps, CD (reprint author), Aspen Wildlife Res Inc, 2708 Cochrane Rd NW, Calgary, AB T2M 4H9, Canada. EM clayton.apps@telus.net FU US National Park Service Intermountain Region; Government of BC; Government of Alberta; Parks Canada FX Several surveys benefited from the work or initiative of J. G. Woods, A. N. Hamilton, G. Mowat, A. G. MacHutchon, and J. L. Weaver. Constructive comments were provided by 2 anonymous reviewers. Funding for our work was through a grant from the US National Park Service Intermountain Region to C.S. The data and population estimates on which our analyses are based were funded by many sources identified in the documents referenced herein for each survey. Major contributions were from the Government of BC, the Government of Alberta, and Parks Canada. NR 101 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 17 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2016 VL 80 IS 3 BP 396 EP 413 DI 10.1002/jwmg.1037 PG 18 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DI4OV UT WOS:000373480100003 ER PT J AU Devore, RM Butler, MJ Wallace, MC Liley, SL Mertz, AA Sesnie, SE Gipson, PS AF Devore, Ryan M. Butler, Matthew J. Wallace, Mark C. Liley, Stewart L. Mertz, Ashley A. Sesnie, Steven E. Gipson, Philip S. TI Elk Resource Selection Patterns in a Semiarid Riparian Corridor SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; Bosque del Apache; Cervus elaphus; corn; crop depredation; daily movement; habitat use; LiDAR; mixed model; New Mexico ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; HABITAT-SELECTION; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; MULE DEER; WASHINGTON; DESERT; SYSTEM; RANGE AB Elk (Cervus elaphus) have depredated corn at Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (BDANWR), New Mexico, USA, which has interfered with the refuge's ability to provide supplemental nutrition to overwintering sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) and other waterbirds. To identify management options for minimizing cropland depredation, we examined elk resource selection patterns using negative binomial generalized linear mixed models. We used 8,244 global positioning system (GPS) locations collected from 9 adult female elk to model fine-scale resource use (sampling units were 100 x 100-m cells; n = 3,646) and corn field use (sampling units were corn fields; n = 18) by a resident herd along the Rio Grande River in central New Mexico, USA. The fine-scale model suggested that elk use in cropland areas increased when alfalfa and corn were present and elk use was greatest 0.14 km from uncultivated areas. Elk use in uncultivated areas increased as canopy cover increased. Elk use exhibited a quadratic relationship with hiding cover, which varied with distance to cropland. We validated the fine-scale model with an independent sample of radiomarked adult female elk (n = 12; 1,106 locations). The fine-scale model was successful in predicting elk use; 84.1% (SE = 1.1) of radio-marked elk locations fell within high or medium-high use cells. Corn field use models indicated that elk use increased as the proportion of the corn field perimeter adjacent to alfalfa increased. Elk use of corn fields declined as distance to uncultivated areas and the proportion of other corn fields at the same growth stage increased. Probability of elk use peaked when corn reached heights of 1.4m to 1.7mand use varied with distance to uncultivated areas. Corn fields at these heights were in the late vegetative or tassel-milk growth stage, which are the stages at which damage to corn plants is most detrimental to yield. The average distance each elk moved per day during the corn growing season was 5,013m (SD = 957) and varied among individuals (3,251-6,317m). This is relatively large in relation to the size of the managed floodplain at BDANWR. Our results, couched in elk daily movements, can help direct crop management, vegetation manipulation, and timing of hazing efforts aimed at reducing elk use of crops. (C) 2016 The Authors. Journal of Wildlife Management Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society. C1 [Devore, Ryan M.; Wallace, Mark C.; Gipson, Philip S.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, POB 4215, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Butler, Matthew J.; Sesnie, Steven E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, POB 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. [Liley, Stewart L.] New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, One Wildlife Way, Santa Fe, NM 87507 USA. [Mertz, Ashley A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bosque Apache Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 280, San Antonio, NM 87832 USA. [Devore, Ryan M.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, 75E US Highway 212, Broadus, MT 59317 USA. [Mertz, Ashley A.] Aims Community Coll, 5401 W 20th St, Greeley, CO 80634 USA. RP Devore, RM (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, POB 4215, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.; Devore, RM (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, 75E US Highway 212, Broadus, MT 59317 USA. EM rdevore@mt.gov FU USFWS; TTU; NMDGF; Friends of BDANWR FX We thank J. Vradenburg and BDANWR staff for guidance and logistical support and many volunteers and technicians who assisted with field work. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent views of their affiliated organizations. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by authors or their affiliated organizations. The USFWS, TTU, NMDGF, and the Friends of BDANWR provided financial support. This is TTU, College of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources technical publication T-9-1273. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2016 VL 80 IS 3 BP 479 EP 489 DI 10.1002/jwmg.1040 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DI4OV UT WOS:000373480100009 ER PT J AU Dugger, BD Coluccy, JM Dugger, KM Fox, TT Kraege, D Petrie, MJ AF Dugger, Bruce D. Coluccy, John M. Dugger, Katie M. Fox, Trevor T. Kraege, Don Petrie, Mark J. TI Population Dynamics of Mallards Breeding in Eastern Washington SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; breeding demographics; mallard; nest success; survival; Washington ID ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; FEMALE MALLARDS; BROOD SURVIVAL; NORTH-DAKOTA; SOUTHWESTERN MANITOBA; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; HABITAT CONDITIONS; DUCKLING SURVIVAL; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; SEASON SURVIVAL AB Variation in regional population trends for mallards breeding in the western United States indicates that additional research into factors that influence demographics could contribute to management and understanding the population demographics of mallards across North America. We estimated breeding incidence and adult female, nest, and brood survival in eastern Washington in 2006 and 2007 by monitoring female mallards with radio telemetry and tested how those parameters were influenced by study year (2006 vs. 2007), landscape type (agricultural vs. natural), and age (second year [SY] vs. after second year [ASY]). We also investigated the effects of female body condition and capture date on breeding incidence, and nest initiation date and hatch date on nest and brood survival, respectively. We included population parameters in a stage-based demographic model and conducted a perturbation analysis to identify which vital rates were most influential on population growth rate (lambda). Adult female survival was best modeled with a constant weekly survival rate (0.994, SE = 0.003). Breeding incidence differed between years and was higher for birds in better body condition. Nest survival was higher for ASY females (0.276, SE = 0.118) than SY females (0.066, SE = 0.052), and higher on publicly managed lands (0.383, SE = 0.212) than agricultural (0.114, SE = 0.058) landscapes. Brood survival was best modeled with a constant rate for the 7-week monitoring period (0.50, SE = 0.155). The single variable having the greatest influence on l was non-breeding season survival, but the combination of parameters from the breeding grounds explained a greater percent of the variance in l. Mallard population growth rate was most sensitive to changes in non-breeding survival, nest success, brood survival, and breeding incidence. Future management decisions should focus on activities that improve these vital rates if managers want to increase the production of mallards in eastern Washington. (C) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Dugger, Bruce D.; Fox, Trevor T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Nash Hall 104, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Coluccy, John M.] Ducks Unlimited Inc, 1220 Eisenhower Pl, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Dugger, Katie M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Nash Hall 104, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kraege, Don] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Petrie, Mark J.] Ducks Unlimited Canada, 1101 SE Tech Dr,Suite 115, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Dugger, BD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Nash Hall 104, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bruce.dugger@oregonstate.edu FU Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Oregon State University; Ducks Unlimited, Inc. FX We thank J. Adams, A. Mini, G. Peters, B. Reishus, J. Ragni, A. Summerville, and C. Tierney for assistance with data collection; T. Pricket, Animal World Vet Clinic in Moses Lake Washington, for access to surgical facilities and help performing surgeries; and S. Oldenburger who provided decoy traps. We thank R. Hill and Columbia National Wildlife Refuge for logistical support and M. Moore and R. Finger for their willingness to share information and help us gain access to private lands. J. Fleskes and 2 anonymous reviewers provided useful reviews that improved earlier versions of this manuscript. Finally, we thank all the landowners who granted us permission to work on their properties. Funding was provided by Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Ducks Unlimited, Inc., and Oregon State University. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2016 VL 80 IS 3 BP 500 EP 509 DI 10.1002/jwmg.1030 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DI4OV UT WOS:000373480100011 ER PT J AU Sullins, DS Conway, WC Haukos, DA Hobson, KA Wassenaar, LI Comer, CE Hung, IK AF Sullins, Daniel S. Conway, Warren C. Haukos, David A. Hobson, Keith A. Wassenaar, Leonard I. Comer, Christopher E. Hung, I-Kuai TI American Woodcock Migratory Connectivity as Indicated by Hydrogen Isotopes SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American woodcock; band recovery; deuterium; dispersal; harvest derivation; migratory connectivity; natal origins; Scolopax minor; stable isotopes ID POPULATION VIABILITY MODELS; STABLE HYDROGEN; FALL MIGRATION; SCOLOPAX RUSTICOLA; HARVESTED WOODCOCK; BAND-RECOVERY; HABITAT USE; FEATHERS; ORIGINS; RATIOS AB To identify factors contributing to the long-term decline of American woodcock, a holistic understanding of range-wide population connectivity throughout the annual cycle is needed. We used band recovery data and isotopic composition of primary (P1) and secondary (S13) feathers to estimate population sources and connectivity among natal, early fall, and winter ranges of hunter-harvested juvenile American woodcock. We used P1 feathers from known-origin pre-fledged woodcock (n = 43) to create a hydrogen delta H-2(f) isoscape by regressing delta H-2(f) against expected growing-season precipitation (d2Hp). Modeled delta H-2(p) values explained 79% of the variance in P1 delta H-2(f) values, indicating good model fit for estimating woodcock natal origins. However, a poor relationship (r(2) = 0.23) between known-origin, S13 delta H-2(f) values, and expected delta H-2(p) values precluded assignment of early fall origins. We applied the delta H-2(f) isoscape to assign natal origins using P1 feathers from 494 hunter-harvested juvenile woodcock in the United States and Canada during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 hunting seasons. Overall, 64% of all woodcock origins were assigned to the northernmost (>44 degrees N) portion of both the Central and Eastern Management Regions. In the Eastern Region, assignments were more uniformly distributed along the Atlantic coast, whereas in the Central Region, most woodcock were assigned to origins within and north of the Great Lakes region. We compared our origin assignments to spatial coverage of the annual American woodcock Singing Ground Survey (SGS) and evaluated whether the survey effectively encompasses the entire breeding range. When we removed the inadequately surveyed Softwood shield Bird Conservation Region (BCR) from the northern portion of the SGS area, only 48% of juvenile woodcock originated in areas currently surveyed by the SGS. Of the individuals assigned to the northernmost portions of the breeding range, several were harvested in the southern extent of the wintering range. Based upon this latitudinal winter stratification, we examined whether woodcock employed a leapfrog migration strategy. Using delta H-2(f) values and band-recovery data, we found some support for this migration strategy hypothesis but not as a singular explanation. The large harvest derivation of individuals from the northernmost portions of the breeding range, and the difference in breeding distributions within each Management Region should be considered in future range-wide conservation and harvest management planning for American woodcock. (C) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Sullins, Daniel S.; Conway, Warren C.; Comer, Christopher E.; Hung, I-Kuai] Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. [Haukos, David A.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Hobson, Keith A.; Wassenaar, Leonard I.] Univ Saskatchewan, Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Sullins, Daniel S.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Conway, Warren C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Wassenaar, Leonard I.] IAEA, Vienna Int Ctr, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Sullins, DS (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA.; Sullins, DS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM sullins@ksu.edu FU USFWS Region 2 Migratory Bird Office; Rumsey Research and Development Fund; National Hydrology Research Centre; Environment Canada; Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture at Stephen F. Austin State University; Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Kansas State University; United States Geological Survey (USGS); United States Forest Service; Campbell Timber Group; United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Webless Migratory Game Bird Research Program FX Financial, logistical, and technical support was provided in part by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Webless Migratory Game Bird Research Program, USFWS Region 2 Migratory Bird Office (J. Haskins), the Rumsey Research and Development Fund, the National Hydrology Research Centre, Environment Canada, the Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture at Stephen F. Austin State University, the Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Kansas State University, the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the United States Forest Service, and the Campbell Timber Group. We specifically thank T. Cooper, D. Collins, and M. Young for logistical support for this work. Also, we thank all of the hunters who voluntarily provided woodcock wings for the Wing Collection Survey. We greatly appreciate comments and suggestions provided by D. Andersen of the USGS Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The numerous individuals and entities that supplied woodcock feather specimens greatly improved the scope of this research and made migratory assignments possible. Thanks are extended to K. Daly (USGS Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit), C. Milensky (American Museum of Natural History), R. Brown (USFWS Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge), and Dr. G. Voelker (Texas A&M Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections) for providing specimens of known natal origin. We thank T. Cooper and M. Gendron for granting access to wing specimens obtained from the USFWS woodcock wing collection survey and CWS specimen composition survey, to all those who attended the wingbees, including I. Gregg, L. Williams, N. Thomas, J. Dunn, J. Stempka, A. Weik, T. Sutter, J. Duguay, E. Johnson, V. Frawley, A. Stewart, E. Harper, D. McAuley, B. Allen, W. Brinninger, T. Edwards, L. Mills, C. Mitchell, K. Parker, R. Rau, K. Sturm, P. Link, D. Locascio, C. Cedotal, L. Fendrick, L. Stevenson, S. Zodrow, G. Hoch, T. Petro, N. North, C. Sharp, R. Hicks, and D. Sweiger. Thanks to R. M. Whiting Jr., M. Olinde, and F. Kimmel for guidance and good conversation as well as all the other Louisiana, Texas, and Wisconsin woodcock hunters who graciously provided wing specimens including J. Reid, S. Pellessier, R. Guilbeaux, G. Saizon, F. Borel, C. Linder, L. Begnaud, P. Jesunas, D. Kaminski, W. Shartle, and T. Thomas. We thank T. Eddings, A. Arfman, and J. Tolliver for preparing all wing and feather specimens for analyses. Thanks to S. L. Van Wilgenburg, D. G. Krementz, and T. V. Riecke for the much-needed analytical assistance and support. NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2016 VL 80 IS 3 BP 510 EP 526 DI 10.1002/jwmg.1035 PG 17 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DI4OV UT WOS:000373480100012 ER PT J AU Fritts, SR Grisham, BA Haukos, DA Boal, CW Patten, MA Wolfe, DH Dixon, CE Cox, RD Heck, WR AF Fritts, Sarah R. Grisham, Blake A. Haukos, David A. Boal, Clint W. Patten, Michael A. Wolfe, Don H. Dixon, Charles E. Cox, Robert D. Heck, Willard R. TI Long-Term Lesser Prairie-Chicken Nest Ecology in Response to Grassland Management SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cattle grazing; lesser prairie-chicken; nest-site selection; nest survival; nest vegetation; New Mexico; sand shinnery oak; tebuthiuron; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus ID SAND SHINNERY OAK; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; HABITAT USE; TYMPANUCHUS-PALLIDICINCTUS; SITE SELECTION; NEW-MEXICO; TEBUTHIURON; VEGETATION; POPULATIONS; SURVIVAL AB Long-term population and range declines from habitat loss and fragmentation caused the lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) to be a species of concern throughout its range. Current lesser prairie-chicken range in New Mexico and Texas is partially restricted to sand shinnery oak (Quercus havardii; hereafter shinnery oak) prairies, on which cattle grazing is the main socioeconomic driver for private landowners. Cattle producers within shinnery oak prairies often focus land management on shrub eradication using the herbicide tebuthiuron to promote grass production for forage; however, herbicide application alone, and in combination with grazing, may affect nest site selection and nest survival of lesser prairie-chickens through the reduction of shinnery oak and native grasses. We used a controlled, paired, completely randomized design study to assess the influence of grazing and tebuthiuron application and their combined use on nest site selection and nest survival from 2001 to 2010 in Roosevelt County, New Mexico, USA at 2 spatial scales (i.e., treatment and microhabitat) in 4 treatments: tebuthiuron with grazing, tebuthiuron without grazing, no tebuthiuron with grazing, and a control of no tebuthiuron and no grazing. Grazing treatment was a short-duration system in which plots were grazed once during the dormant season and once during the growing season. Stocking rate was calculated each season based on measured forage production and applied to remove <= 25% of available herbaceous material per season. At the treatment scale, we compared nest site selection among treatments using 1-way chi(2) tests and nest survival among treatments using a priori candidate nest survival models in Program MARK. At the microhabitat scale, we identified important habitat predictors of nest site selection and nest survival using logistic regression and a priori candidate nest survival models in Program MARK, respectively. Females typically used treatments as expected and we did not detect trends in selection. Nest survival did not differ among treatments. At the microhabitat scale, nest sites had less bare ground (P = 0.001) and greater angles of obstruction (P = 0.001) compared to random sites. There was a high degree of model selection uncertainty among our candidate models at the microhabitat scale and survival estimates were similar among habitat covariates. Results suggest a tebuthiuron application rate of 0.60 kg/ha, short-duration grazing, and a combination of these management techniques were not detrimental to lesser prairie-chicken nest site selection or nest survival. However, intensified management that increases bare ground or reduces overhead cover may negatively affect lesser prairie-chicken nesting habitat and nest survival. (C) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Fritts, Sarah R.; Grisham, Blake A.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, 127 CASNR Annex, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Haukos, David A.] Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patten, Michael A.] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wolfe, Don H.] George Miksch Sutton Avian Res Ctr, Bartlesville, OK 74003 USA. [Dixon, Charles E.] Wildlife Plus Consulting, Alto, NM 88312 USA. [Cox, Robert D.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Goddard Bldg, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Heck, Willard R.] Grasslans Charitable Fdn, Causey, NM 87106 USA. RP Fritts, SR (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, 127 CASNR Annex, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM fritts.sarah@gmail.com FU Grasslans Charitable Trust; Center for Excellence for Hazardous Materials Management; Texas Tech Department of Natural Resources; United States Geological Survey; Nature Conservancy; New Mexico Game and Fish; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX We thank the Weaver Ranch, particularly J. Weaver, and North Bluit Prairie-Chicken Area for facilitation of the study and access to study sites. We thank A. Wood and a plethora of technicians for field data collection. We thank D. M. Davis, M. D. Massey, and G. M. Beauprez for support. The Grasslans Charitable Trust, Center for Excellence for Hazardous Materials Management, Texas Tech Department of Natural Resources, United States Geological Survey, The Nature Conservancy, New Mexico Game and Fish, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, and the Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative provided financial and logistical support. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2016 VL 80 IS 3 BP 527 EP 539 DI 10.1002/jwmg.1042 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DI4OV UT WOS:000373480100013 ER PT J AU Polasik, JS Murphy, MA Abbott, T Vincent, K AF Polasik, Julia S. Murphy, Melanie A. Abbott, Tyler Vincent, Kim TI Factors Limiting Early Life Stage Survival and Growth During Endangered Wyoming Toad Reintroductions SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE amphibian; Anaxyrus baxteri; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; endangered species; head-starting; reintroduction; Wyoming; Wyoming toad ID BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; NATURAL-SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE PCR; CHYTRID FUNGUS; BUFO-CALAMITA; CHEMICAL CUES; CHORUS FROGS; HABITAT LOSS AB Understanding the limiting factors of recovery is essential for guiding sound management of endangered species. The Wyoming toad (Anaxyrus baxteri) is a critically endangered amphibian whose cause of decline and inability to reestablish breeding populations despite early life stage reintroductions remains unknown; habitat degradation and the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) are 2 potential contributing factors. In 2013, we experimentally tested the effects of habitat factors under food supplemented and predator-protected conditions (i.e., mesh field enclosures) on time to metamorphosis, the proportion of tadpoles that metamorphosed, tadpole and toadlet size, the proportion of toadlets remaining in enclosures at release (approx. 1 month post-metamorphosis), and Bd prevalence in early life stages of Wyoming toads at Mortenson Lake National Wildlife Refuge. In 2014, we tested the effects of small-scale application of vegetation height management on toadlet size, the proportion of toadlets that remained, and Bd prevalence until 1 month post-metamorphosis. In 2013, median time to metamorphosis (25.5 days) was shorter in warmer water temperatures and proportion of tadpoles that metamorphosed was 0.70. In 2013, toadlet size was positively related to forb cover up to 35% and although overall treatment effect was not significant, mid-vegetation height treatments (10-30 cm) had fewer small toadlets at release than short (010 cm) and tall (>30 cm) vegetation heights. In 2014, vegetation height treatment (11.49-31.6 cm) had marginal support for estimating larger size at release. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis was not detected in water samples or on post-metamorphic toadlets. Our results suggest that in mesh field enclosures, time to metamorphosis is shorter in warm water. In addition, vegetation heights of 10-30 cm and up to 35% forb cover within terrestrial mesh enclosures could increase Wyoming toad post-metamorphic size, which could increase overwinter survival rates. Using mesh field enclosures for soft-release may improve the effectiveness of early life stage reintroduction efforts, but predator attraction and density-dependent growth need to be considered. Habitat management can also influence growth and survival of early life stages of amphibians and may benefit reintroduction efforts for other species. (C) 2015 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Polasik, Julia S.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Murphy, Melanie A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Program Ecol, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Abbott, Tyler] Ecol Serv Wyoming Field Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 5353 Yellowstone Rd,Suite 308A, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Vincent, Kim] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ramaley N122, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Polasik, Julia S.] Inst Bird Populat, POB 1346, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. RP Polasik, JS (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.; Polasik, JS (reprint author), Inst Bird Populat, POB 1346, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. EM jpolasik@birdpop.org FU USFWS; University of Wyoming Department of Ecosystem Science and Management; Society for Wetland Scientists Student Research Grant FX We thank the following for their contribution to this study: E. C. Allan, L. J. Ball, E. K. Brantner, G. L. Reynolds, J. A. Sellers, and J. M. Vance (who assisted with field work), D. A. Keinath and W. A. Estes-Zumpf of Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, A. Gilboy, C. L. Keeler-Foster, J. McKee, M. Olds, J. Palmer, and A. Timberman of USFWS, Wyoming Toad Recovery Team members, the Wyoming Toad Species Survival Plan, and volunteers that provided additional field support. We also thank F. R. Thompson (Associate Editor) and 2 anonymous reviewers for constructive suggestions that improved the manuscript greatly. Funding for this research was provided by USFWS, the University of Wyoming Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, and a Society for Wetland Scientists Student Research Grant to J. S. Polasik. NR 87 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2016 VL 80 IS 3 BP 540 EP 552 DI 10.1002/jwmg.1031 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DI4OV UT WOS:000373480100014 ER PT J AU Hayes, G AF Hayes, Gavin TI Remote-controlled earthquakes SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RUPTURE; DOUBLET; FAULT; SLIP C1 [Hayes, Gavin] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hayes, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ghayes@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD APR PY 2016 VL 9 IS 4 BP 269 EP 271 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DI3BV UT WOS:000373374100007 ER PT J AU Wostl, E Smith, EN Reed, RN AF Wostl, Elijah Smith, Eric N. Reed, Robert N. TI Origin and Identity of Fejervarya (Anura: Dicroglossidae) on Guam SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; REPRODUCTIVE-ISOLATION; CROSSING EXPERIMENTS; LIMNOCHARIS COMPLEX; ASIAN COUNTRIES; MITOCHONDRIAL; MECHANISMS; SEQUENCES; INDONESIA; AMPHIBIA AB We used morphological and molecular data to infer the identity and origin of frogs in the genus Fejervarya that have been introduced to the island of Guam. Mensural and meristic data were collected from 96 specimens from throughout their range on the island and a principal component analysis was used to investigate the distribution of these data in morphological space. We also amplified a fragment of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid mitochondrial gene from 27 of these specimens and compared it to 63 published sequences of Fejervarya and the morphologically similar Zakerana. All examined Fejervarya from Guam are morphologically indistinguishable and share an identical haplotype. The molecular data identify them as Fejervarya cancrivora with a haplotype identical to F. cancrivora from Taiwan. C1 [Wostl, Elijah; Smith, Eric N.] Univ Texas Arlington, Amphibian & Reptile Divers Res Ctr, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Wostl, Elijah; Smith, Eric N.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Wostl, E (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Amphibian & Reptile Divers Res Ctr, Arlington, TX 76019 USA.; Wostl, E (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM ewostl@uta.edu NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD APR PY 2016 VL 70 IS 2 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.2984/70.2.9 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA DI6YY UT WOS:000373647400009 ER PT J AU Dawson, A Paciorek, CJ McLachlan, JS Goring, S Williams, JW Jackson, ST AF Dawson, Andria Paciorek, Christopher J. McLachlan, Jason S. Goring, Simon Williams, John W. Jackson, Stephen T. TI Quantifying pollen-vegetation relationships to reconstruct ancient forests using 19th-century forest composition and pollen data SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Pollen; Fossil; Sediment; Vegetation; Forest; Bayesian; Modelling; Expert elicitation; Dispersal; Calibration; Prediction ID QUANTITATIVE RECONSTRUCTION; GENETIC-MARKERS; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; LAND-USE; MODELS; LAKES; DISPERSAL; REPRESENTATION; PRESETTLEMENT AB Mitigation of climate change and adaptation to its effects relies partly on how effectively land atmosphere interactions can be quantified. Quantifying composition of past forest ecosystems can help understand processes governing forest dynamics in a changing world. Fossil pollen data provide information about past forest composition, but rigorous interpretation requires development of pollen vegetation models (PVM5) that account for interspecific differences in pollen production and dispersal. Widespread and intensified land-use over the 19th and 20th centuries may have altered pollen vegetation relationships. Here we use STEPPS, a Bayesian hierarchical spatial PVM, to estimate key process parameters and associated uncertainties in the pollen-vegetation relationship. We apply alternate dispersal kernels, and calibrate STEPPS using a newly developed Euro-American settlement-era calibration data set constructed from Public Land Survey data and fossil pollen samples matched to the settlement-era using expert elicitation. Models based on the inverse power-law dispersal kernel outperformed those based on the Gaussian dispersal kernel, indicating that pollen dispersal kernels are fat tailed. Pine and birch have the highest pollen productivities. Pollen productivity and dispersal estimates are generally consistent with previous understanding from modern data sets, although source area estimates are larger. Tests of model predictions demonstrate the ability of STEPPS to predict regional compositional patterns. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dawson, Andria; Paciorek, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dawson, Andria; Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McLachlan, Jason S.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, South Bend, IN 46556 USA. [Goring, Simon; Williams, John W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Dawson, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM andria.dawson@gmail.com OI Goring, Simon/0000-0002-2700-4605 FU National Science Foundation MacroSystems Program [EF-1065702, EF-1065656, DEB-1241874, DEB-1241851, DEB-1241868]; Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative FX We thank Jeannine-Marie St. Jacques for participating in the elicitation exercise and for comments in the intellectual development stages of this work. We also thank paleoecologists who made their data available through the Neotoma Paleoecology Database or otherwise, especially Randy Calcote, Sara Hotchkiss, Beth Lynch, and Edward Cushing. We owe special thanks to Eric Grimm for his role in data and knowledge stewardship. For the PLS data, we thank David Mladenoff and others involved. Comments by Simon Brewer and an anonymous reviewer improved the paper. This work was carried out by the PalEON Project with support from the National Science Foundation MacroSystems Program through grants EF-1065702, EF-1065656, DEB-1241874, DEB-1241851 and DEB-1241868 and from the Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 96 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 137 BP 156 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.01.012 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DI5NY UT WOS:000373547100012 ER PT J AU Stephens, PA Mason, LR Green, RE Gregory, RD Sauer, JR Alison, J Aunins, A Brotons, L Butchart, SHM Campedelli, T Chodkiewicz, T Chylarecki, P Crowe, O Elts, J Escandell, V Foppen, RPB Heldbjerg, H Herrando, S Husby, M Jiguet, F Lehikoinen, A Lindstrom, A Noble, DG Paquet, JY Reif, J Sattler, T Szep, T Teufelbauer, N Trautmann, S van Strien, AJ van Turnhout, CAM Vorisek, P Willis, SG AF Stephens, Philip A. Mason, Lucy R. Green, Rhys E. Gregory, Richard D. Sauer, John R. Alison, Jamie Aunins, Ainars Brotons, Lluis Butchart, Stuart H. M. Campedelli, Tommaso Chodkiewicz, Tomasz Chylarecki, Przemyslaw Crowe, Olivia Elts, Jaanus Escandell, Virginia Foppen, Ruud P. B. Heldbjerg, Henning Herrando, Sergi Husby, Magne Jiguet, Frederic Lehikoinen, Aleksi Lindstrom, Ake Noble, David G. Paquet, Jean-Yves Reif, Jiri Sattler, Thomas Szep, Tibor Teufelbauer, Norbert Trautmann, Sven van Strien, Arco J. van Turnhout, Chris A. M. Vorisek, Petr Willis, Stephen G. TI Consistent response of bird populations to climate change on two continents SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BODY-SIZE; BIODIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; IMPACTS; MODELS; SCALE AB Global climate change is a major threat to biodiversity. Large-scale analyses have generally focused on the impacts of climate change on the geographic ranges of species and on phenology, the timing of ecological phenomena. We used long-term monitoring of the abundance of breeding birds across Europe and the United States to produce, for both regions, composite population indices for two groups of species: those for which climate suitability has been either improving or declining since 1980. The ratio of these composite indices, the climate impact indicator (CII), reflects the divergent fates of species favored or disadvantaged by climate change. The trend in CII is positive and similar in the two regions. On both continents, interspecific and spatial variation in population abundance trends are well predicted by climate suitability trends. C1 [Stephens, Philip A.; Willis, Stephen G.] Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Conservat Ecol Grp, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Mason, Lucy R.; Green, Rhys E.; Gregory, Richard D.] Royal Soc Protect Birds, Ctr Conservat Sci, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, England. [Green, Rhys E.; Butchart, Stuart H. M.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Conservat Sci Grp, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Sauer, John R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Alison, Jamie] Univ Liverpool, Inst Integrat Biol, Crown St, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Aunins, Ainars] Univ Latvia, Fac Biol, Jelgavas Iela 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia. [Brotons, Lluis] InForest JRU, Ctr Tecnol Forestal Catalunya, Ctr Mediterranean Forest Res, Solsona 25280, Spain. [Brotons, Lluis] REAF, Catalonia 08193, Spain. [Brotons, Lluis] CSIC, Catalonia 08193, Spain. [Butchart, Stuart H. M.] BirdLife Int, David Attenborough Bldg,Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Campedelli, Tommaso] MITO2000 Natl Committee, Via Garibaldi 3, I-52015 Arezzo, Italy. [Chodkiewicz, Tomasz] Ogolnopolskie Towarzystwo Ochrony Ptakow, PL-05270 Odrowaza, Markl, Poland. [Chylarecki, Przemyslaw] Polish Acad Sci, Museum & Inst Zool, Wilcza 64, PL-00679 Warsaw, Poland. [Crowe, Olivia] BirdWatch Ireland, Unit 20 Block D Bullford Business Campus, Wicklow, Kilcoole County, Ireland. [Elts, Jaanus] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Vanemuise St 46, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. [Elts, Jaanus] Estonian Ornithol Soc, Veski 4, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia. [Escandell, Virginia] Soc Espanola Ornitol, BirdLife Melquiad Biencinto 34, Madrid 28053, Spain. [Foppen, Ruud P. B.] European Bird Census Council, POB 6521, NL-6503 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Foppen, Ruud P. B.; van Turnhout, Chris A. M.] Sovon Dutch Ctr Field Ornithol, POB 6521, NL-6503 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Foppen, Ruud P. B.; van Turnhout, Chris A. M.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Water & Wetland Res, Dept Anim Ecol & Ecophysiol, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Heldbjerg, Henning] Dansk Ornitologisk Forening BirdLife Denmark, Vesterbrogade 140, DK-1620 Copenhagen V, Denmark. [Heldbjerg, Henning] Univ Aarhus, Vesterbrogade 140, DK-1620 Copenhagen V, Denmark. [Herrando, Sergi] Nat Hist Museum Barcelona, Catalan Ornithol Inst, European Bird Census Council, Pl Leonardo da Vinci 4-5, Barcelona 08019, Catalonia, Spain. [Husby, Magne] Nord Univ, Sect Sci, N-7600 Levanger, Norway. [Jiguet, Frederic] Univ Paris 06, CESCO, CRBPO, UMR7204,Sorbonne Univ MNHN CNRS, CP 135,43 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France. [Lehikoinen, Aleksi] Univ Helsinki, Finnish Museum Nat Hist, Helsinki Lab Ornithol, POB 17, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Lindstrom, Ake] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, Biodivers Unit, Ecol Bldg, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Noble, David G.] British Trust Ornithol, Norfolk IP24 2PU, England. [Paquet, Jean-Yves] Dept Etudes, Rue Nanon 98, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. [Reif, Jiri] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Inst Environm Studies, Prague, Czech Republic. [Reif, Jiri] Palacky Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, 17 Listopadu 50, Olomouc 77143, Czech Republic. [Reif, Jiri; Vorisek, Petr] Palacky Univ, Fac Sci, Ornithol Lab, 17 Listopadu 50, Olomouc 77143, Czech Republic. [Sattler, Thomas] Swiss Ornithol Inst, Seerose 1, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. [Szep, Tibor] Univ Nyiregyhaza, Inst Environm Sci, Sostoi Ut 31-B, H-4400 Nyiregyhaza, Hungary. [Teufelbauer, Norbert] BirdLife Austria, Museumspl 1-10-8, A-1070 Vienna, Austria. [Trautmann, Sven] Dachverband Deutsch Avifaunisten eV, Federat German Avifaunists, Speichern 6, D-48157 Munster, Germany. [van Strien, Arco J.] Stat Netherlands, POB 24500, NL-2490 HA The Hague, Netherlands. [Vorisek, Petr] Czech Soc Ornithol, Pan European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme, Na Belidle 252-34, CZ-15000 Prague 5, Czech Republic. RP Willis, SG (reprint author), Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Conservat Ecol Grp, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM s.g.willis@durham.ac.uk RI Stephens, Philip/B-8397-2008; Brotons, Lluis/D-1570-2009; Aunins, Ainars/H-4927-2011; Lehikoinen, Aleksi/O-5444-2016; Vorisek, Petr/E-3336-2012 OI Stephens, Philip/0000-0001-5849-788X; Brotons, Lluis/0000-0002-4826-4457; Aunins, Ainars/0000-0002-6051-1879; FU Royal Society for the Protection of Birds; European Environment Agency; European Commission; Durham University's Grevillea Trust FX The climate suitability and population trend data for individual species at the country/state level are provided as supplementary material ( table S6) ( 20). Climate data are available from www.worldclim.org/. This work has been part-funded by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, the European Environment Agency, the European Commission, and Durham University's Grevillea Trust. We thank A. Teller and K. Biala for support; M. Flade, J. Schwarz, and C. Gruneberg for data provision; and M. Clement (U.S. Geological Survey) and two anonymous referees for comments on an earlier draft. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 39 U2 95 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 352 IS 6281 BP 84 EP 87 DI 10.1126/science.aac4858 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH8JP UT WOS:000373039600040 PM 27034371 ER PT J AU Kaur, AJ Ross, DS Shanley, JB Yatzor, AR AF Kaur, Amninder J. Ross, Donald S. Shanley, James B. Yatzor, Anna R. TI Enriched Groundwater Seeps in Two Vermont Headwater Catchments are Hotspots of Nitrate Turnover SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen transformations; Nitrification; Denitrification; Slope wetlands ID FORESTED WATERSHEDS; BRUSH-BROOK; SOIL DENITRIFICATION; SPECIES COMPOSITION; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS; RIPARIAN WETLANDS; NET NITRIFICATION; N-MINERALIZATION; HOT MOMENTS; NEW-YORK AB Groundwater seeps in upland catchments are often enriched relative to stream waters, higher in pH, Ca2+ and sometimes NO(3)A-. These seeps could be a NO(3)A- sink because of increased denitrification potential but may also be 'hotspots' for nitrification because of the relative enrichment. We compared seep soils with nearby well-drained soils in two upland forested watersheds in Vermont that are sites of ongoing biogeochemical studies. Gross N transformation rates were measured over three years along with denitrification rates in the third year. Gross ammonification rates were not different between the seep and upland soils but gross nitrification rates were about 3 x higher in the seep soils. Net nitrification rates trended higher in the upland soils and NO(3)A- consumption (gross-net) was 8 times higher in the seep soils. The average denitrification rate for seep soils was about equal to the difference in NO(3)A- consumption between seep and upland soils, suggesting denitrification can make up the difference. Temporal variation in seep water NO(3)A- concentration was correlated with watershed outlet NO(3)A- concentration. However, it is not clear that in-seep processes greatly altered seep water NO(3)A- contribution to the streams. Seep soils appear to be hotspots of both nitrification and denitrification. C1 [Kaur, Amninder J.; Ross, Donald S.] Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, POB 628, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [Yatzor, Anna R.] 131 Lost Nation Rd, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. RP Ross, DS (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM dross@uvm.edu RI Ross, Donald/A-4477-2008 OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-5390-6602 FU Northern States Research Cooperative (United States Department of Agriculture award) [02CA11242343110]; United States Department of Agriculture Hatch funds [VT-PS-00912] FX This work was supported by the Northern States Research Cooperative (United States Department of Agriculture award 02CA11242343110) and United States Department of Agriculture Hatch funds (VT-PS-00912). Stew Clark, Ann Chalmers, and Jon Denner helped with sampling and site logistics at SRRW. Statistical consultation was provided by Alan Howard, IT Specialist, UVM Statistical Software Support and Consulting Services. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD APR PY 2016 VL 36 IS 2 BP 237 EP 249 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0733-z PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DI6XQ UT WOS:000373643900004 ER PT J AU Couvillion, BR Fischer, MR Beck, HJ Sleavin, WJ AF Couvillion, Brady R. Fischer, Michelle R. Beck, Holly J. Sleavin, William J. TI Spatial Configuration Trends in Coastal Louisiana from 1985 to 2010 SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Wetland fragmentation; Wetland configuration; Land change; Wetland loss; Coastal Louisiana; Landscape fragmentation ID LANDSCAPE METRICS; FRAGMENTATION; AGGREGATION; IMAGERY; INDEXES; PATTERN; SCALE; MODEL AB From 1932 to 2010, coastal Louisiana has experienced a net loss of 4877 km(2) of wetlands. As the area of these wetlands has changed, so too has the spatial configuration of the landscape. The resulting landscape is a mosaic of patches of wetlands and open water. This study examined the spatial and temporal variability of trajectories of landscape configuration and the relation of those patterns to the trajectories of land change in wetlands during a 1985-2010 observation period. Spatial configuration was quantified using multi-temporal satellite imagery and an aggregation index (AI). The results of this analysis indicate that coastal Louisiana experienced a reduction in the AI of coastal wetlands of 1.07 %. In general, forested wetland and fresh marsh types displayed the highest aggregation and stability. The remaining marsh types, (intermediate, brackish, and saline) all experienced disaggregation during the time period, with increasing severity of disaggregation along an increasing salinity gradient. Finally, a correlation (r (2) = 0.5562) was found between AI and the land change rate for the subsequent period, indicating that fragmentation can increase the vulnerability of wetlands to further wetland loss. These results can help identify coastal areas which are susceptible to future wetland loss. C1 [Couvillion, Brady R.; Fischer, Michelle R.; Beck, Holly J.] US Geol Survey, Livestock Show Off, Coastal Restorat Assessment Branch, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr,LSU, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sleavin, William J.] Cherokee Nation Technol Inc, Tulsa, OK USA. RP Couvillion, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Livestock Show Off, Coastal Restorat Assessment Branch, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr,LSU, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM couvillionb@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey National Wetlands Research Center; Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS) FX This research was supported by the United States Geological Survey National Wetlands Research Center as well as the Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS). NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD APR PY 2016 VL 36 IS 2 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1007/s13157-016-0744-9 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DI6XQ UT WOS:000373643900013 ER PT J AU Fudickar, AM Greives, TJ Atwell, JW Stricker, CA Ketterson, ED AF Fudickar, Adam M. Greives, Timothy J. Atwell, Jonathan W. Stricker, Craig A. Ketterson, Ellen D. TI Reproductive Allochrony in Seasonally Sympatric Populations Maintained by Differential Response to Photoperiod: Implications for Population Divergence and Response to Climate Change SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE breeding phenology; gonadal development; junco; migration; reproductive allochrony; sympatry ID DARK-EYED JUNCOS; WILD BIRD POPULATION; CORTICOSTERONE SECRETION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; ENVIRONMENTAL CUES; MIGRATION; HYEMALIS; ADAPTATION; DIVERSIFICATION; CONSTRAINTS AB Reproductive allochrony presents a potential barrier to gene flow and is common in seasonally sympatric migratory and sedentary birds. Mechanisms mediating reproductive allochrony can influence population divergence and the capacity of populations to respond to environmental change. We asked whether reproductive allochrony in seasonally sympatric birds results from a difference in response to supplementary or photoperiodic cues and whether the response varies in relation to the distance separating breeding and wintering locations as measured by stable isotopes. We held seasonally sympatric migratory and sedentary male dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis) in a common garden in early spring under simulated natural changes in photoperiod and made measurements of reproductive and migratory physiology. On the same dates and photoperiods, sedentary juncos had higher testosterone (initial and gonadotropin-releasing hormone induced), more developed cloacal protuberances, and larger testes than migrants. In contrast, migratory juncos had larger fat reserves (fuel for migration). We found a negative relationship between testis mass and feather hydrogen isotope ratios, indicating that testis growth was more delayed in migrants making longer migrations. We conclude that reproductive allochrony in seasonally sympatric migratory and sedentary birds can result from a differential response to photoperiodic cues in a common garden, and as a result, gene flow between migrants and residents may be reduced by photoperiodic control of reproductive development. Further, earlier breeding in response to future climate change may currently be constrained by differential response to photoperiodic cues. C1 [Fudickar, Adam M.; Atwell, Jonathan W.; Ketterson, Ellen D.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Greives, Timothy J.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Fudickar, AM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM afudickar@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [IOS-1257474, IOS-1257527] FX We thank J. Jones and T. McNamara for logistical support at Mountain Lake Biological Station. We thank M. Abolins-Abols, J. Graham, R. Hanauer, A. Hughes, A. Kimmitt, K. Rosvall, S. Slowinski, and C. Taylor for help collecting samples. A. Brothers and E. Snadjr helped collect birds in the field. We thank C. Gulbransen for conducting the stable isotope analysis. S. Carleton and J. Kelly provided helpful comments on an early draft of the manuscript. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (IOS-1257474 to E.D.K. and IOS-1257527 to T.J.G.). The use of any trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 23 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 EI 1537-5323 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD APR PY 2016 VL 187 IS 4 BP 436 EP 446 DI 10.1086/685296 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DH9PB UT WOS:000373127000007 PM 27028072 ER PT J AU Hinckley, ELS Anderson, SP Baron, JS Blanken, PD Bonan, GB Bowman, WD Elmendorf, SC Fierer, N Fox, AM Goodman, KJ Jones, KD Lombardozzi, DL Lunch, CK Neff, JC Sanclements, MD Suding, KN Wieder, WR AF Hinckley, Eve-Lyn S. Anderson, Suzanne P. Baron, Jill S. Blanken, Peter D. Bonan, Gordon B. Bowman, William D. Elmendorf, Sarah C. Fierer, Noah Fox, Andrew M. Goodman, Keli J. Jones, Katherine D. Lombardozzi, Danica L. Lunch, Claire K. Neff, Jason C. Sanclements, Michael D. Suding, Katharine N. Wieder, William R. TI Optimizing Available Network Resources to Address Questions in Environmental Biogeochemistry SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecology; environmental science; modeling; monitoring/mapping; nutrient cycling ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; EARTH SYSTEM; GLOBAL DATABASE; SOIL; TEMPERATURE; EFFICIENCY; ECOSYSTEM; CLIMATE; TRAITS; MODELS AB An increasing number of network observatories have been established globally to collect long-term biogeochemical data at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Although many outstanding questions in biogeochemistry would benefit from network science, the ability of the earth-and environmental-sciences community to conduct synthesis studies within and across networks is limited and seldom done satisfactorily. We identify the ideal characteristics of networks, common problems with using data, and key improvements to strengthen intra- and internetwork compatibility. We suggest that targeted improvements to existing networks should include promoting standardization in data collection, developing incentives to promote rapid data release to the public, and increasing the ability of investigators to conduct their own studies across sites. Internetwork efforts should include identifying a standard measurement suite-we propose profiles of plant canopy and soil properties-and an online, searchable data portal that connects network, investigator-led, and citizen-science projects. C1 [Hinckley, Eve-Lyn S.; Anderson, Suzanne P.; Bowman, William D.; Suding, Katharine N.; Wieder, William R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hinckley, Eve-Lyn S.; Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Suzanne P.; Blanken, Peter D.] Univ Colorado, Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Baron, Jill S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Bonan, Gordon B.; Lombardozzi, Danica L.; Wieder, William R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bowman, William D.; Fierer, Noah; Suding, Katharine N.] Univ Colorado, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Elmendorf, Sarah C.; Fox, Andrew M.; Goodman, Keli J.; Jones, Katherine D.; Lunch, Claire K.; Sanclements, Michael D.] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Boulder, CO USA. [Fierer, Noah] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hinckley, ELS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Hinckley, ELS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM eve.hinckley@colorado.edu OI WIEDER, WILLIAM/0000-0001-7116-1985 NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2016 VL 66 IS 4 BP 317 EP 326 DI 10.1093/biosci/biw005 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA DI0WK UT WOS:000373217800008 ER PT J AU Irizarry, JI Collazo, JA Dinsmore, SJ AF Irizarry, Julissa I. Collazo, Jaime A. Dinsmore, Stephen J. TI Occupancy dynamics in human-modified landscapes in a tropical island: implications for conservation design SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE colonization; conservation design; extinction; habitat matrices; occupancy; Puerto Rico; resident birds; tropics ID SHADED COFFEE PLANTATIONS; PUERTO-RICO; LAND-USE; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSLOCATIONS; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; PATCH COLONIZATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; STEPPING-STONES; MULTIPLE STATES AB AimAvian communities in human-modified landscapes exhibit varying patterns of local colonization and extinction rates, determinants of species occurrence. Our objective was to model these processes to identify habitat features that might enable movements and account for occupancy patterns in habitat matrices between the Guanica and Susua forest reserves. This knowledge is central to conservation design, particularly in ever changing insular landscapes. LocationSouth-western Puerto Rico. MethodsWe used a multiseason occupancy modelling approach to quantify seasonal estimates of occupancy, and colonization and extinction rates of seven resident avian species surveyed over five seasons from January 2010 to June 2011. We modelled parameters by matrix type, expressions of survey station isolation, quality, amount of forest cover and context (embedded in forest patch). ResultsSeasonal occupancy remained stable throughout the study for all species, consistent with seasonally constant colonization and extinction probabilities. Occupancy was mediated by matrix type, higher in reserves and forested matrix than in the urban and agricultural matrices. This pattern is in accord with the forest affinities of all but an open-habitat specialist. Puerto Rican Spindalis (Spindalis portoricensis) exhibited high occupancy in the urban matrix, highlighting the adaptability of some insular species to novel environments. Highest colonization rates occurred when perching structures were at 500m. Survey stations with at least three fruiting tree species and 61% forest cover exhibited lowest seasonal extinction rates. Main conclusionsOur work identified habitat features that influenced seasonal probabilities of colonization and extinction in a human-modified landscape. Conservation design decisions are better informed with increased knowledge about interpatch distances to improve matrix permeability, and habitat features that increase persistence or continued use of habitat stepping stones. A focus on dynamic processes is valuable because conservation actions directly influence colonization and extinction rates, and thus, a quantitative means to gauge their benefit. C1 [Irizarry, Julissa I.] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dinsmore, Stephen J.] Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 203 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Collazo, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jcollazo@ncsu.edu FU Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources Federal Aid Program FX This project was supported by Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources Federal Aid Program (W-31-Strategic Habitat Conservation in south-western Puerto Rico). We thank the staff at Guanica State Forest, and field assistants C. Nytch, N. Baez, K. Romano, A. Kniedel, P. Howard, A. Morales, J. Vargas, M. Rivera, M. Diaz, I. Monteverde, L. Sepulveda, A. Irizarry, T. Martinez, M. Rivera, S. Ocasio, E. Badger and K. Freeman. We are grateful to J. Nichols and S. Williams for assistance with statistical analyses and GIS, and K. Pacifici and three anonymous referees for suggestions to improve the presentation of the material. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors report no conflict of interest. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD APR PY 2016 VL 22 IS 4 BP 410 EP 421 DI 10.1111/ddi.12415 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH6EE UT WOS:000372883000004 ER PT J AU Kranabetter, JM McLauchlan, KK Enders, SK Fraterrigo, JM Higuera, PE Morris, JL Rastetter, EB Barnes, R Buma, B Gavin, DG Gerhart, LM Gillson, L Hietz, P Mack, MC McNeil, B Perakis, S AF Kranabetter, J. Marty McLauchlan, Kendra K. Enders, Sara K. Fraterrigo, Jennifer M. Higuera, Philip E. Morris, Jesse L. Rastetter, Edward B. Barnes, Rebecca Buma, Brian Gavin, Daniel G. Gerhart, Laci M. Gillson, Lindsey Hietz, Peter Mack, Michelle C. McNeil, Brenden Perakis, Steven TI A Framework to Assess Biogeochemical Response to Ecosystem Disturbance Using Nutrient Partitioning Ratios SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Disturbance; Fire regime; Succession; Multiple element limitation (MEL) model; Nitrogen stocks; Nutrient ratio ID SOIL-NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; PRODUCTIVITY DECLINE; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; CHANGING WORLD; BOREAL FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; CARBON; SUCCESSION; RETENTION AB Disturbances affect almost all terrestrial ecosystems, but it has been difficult to identify general principles regarding these influences. To improve our understanding of the long-term consequences of disturbance on terrestrial ecosystems, we present a conceptual framework that analyzes disturbances by their biogeochemical impacts. We posit that the ratio of soil and plant nutrient stocks in mature ecosystems represents a characteristic site property. Focusing on nitrogen (N), we hypothesize that this partitioning ratio (soil N: plant N) will undergo a predictable trajectory after disturbance. We investigate the nature of this partitioning ratio with three approaches: (1) nutrient stock data from forested ecosystems in North America, (2) a process-based ecosystem model, and (3) conceptual shifts in site nutrient availability with altered disturbance frequency. Partitioning ratios could be applied to a variety of ecosystems and successional states, allowing for improved temporal scaling of disturbance events. The generally short-term empirical evidence for recovery trajectories of nutrient stocks and partitioning ratios suggests two areas for future research. First, we need to recognize and quantify how disturbance effects can be accreting or depleting, depending on whether their net effect is to increase or decrease ecosystem nutrient stocks. Second, we need to test how altered disturbance frequencies from the present state may be constructive or destructive in their effects on biogeochemical cycling and nutrient availability. Long-term studies, with repeated sampling of soils and vegetation, will be essential in further developing this framework of biogeochemical response to disturbance. C1 [Kranabetter, J. Marty] Minist Forests Lands & Nat Resource Operat, POB 9536, Victoria, BC V8W 9C4, Canada. [McLauchlan, Kendra K.; Gerhart, Laci M.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Geog, 118 Seaton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Enders, Sara K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fraterrigo, Jennifer M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61810 USA. [Higuera, Philip E.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, 875 Perimeter Dr, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Morris, Jesse L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, 875 Perimeter Dr, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Rastetter, Edward B.] Ctr Ecosyst, Marine Biol Lab, 7 MBL St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Barnes, Rebecca] Colorado Coll, Environm Program, 14 E Cache La Poudre, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. [Buma, Brian] Univ Alaska Southeast, 11120 Glacier Hwy, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Gavin, Daniel G.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, 1251 Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Gillson, Lindsey] Univ Cape Town, Dept Biol Sci, Plant Conservat Unit, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Hietz, Peter] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Inst Bot, Gregor Mendel Str 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Mack, Michelle C.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, POB 5620, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [McNeil, Brenden] W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, POB 6300, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Perakis, Steven] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kranabetter, JM (reprint author), Minist Forests Lands & Nat Resource Operat, POB 9536, Victoria, BC V8W 9C4, Canada. EM marty.kranabetter@gov.bc.ca RI Gavin, Daniel/C-9214-2009; Higuera, Philip/B-1330-2010; OI Gavin, Daniel/0000-0001-8743-3949; Higuera, Philip/0000-0001-5396-9956; Barnes, Rebecca/0000-0001-6385-1062 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-1145815, 0949420] FX We thank members of the Novus Research Coordination Network for helpful discussion. We also thank the Long-term Soil Productivity network for contributions of site N data, including Andy Scott, Dave Morris, Paul Hazlett, Rob Fleming, Deb Page-Dumerose, Felix Ponder, Mary-Beth Adams, Richard Kabzems, Bill Chapman, and Graeme Hope. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DEB-1145815 and 0949420. Bill Reiners and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD APR PY 2016 VL 19 IS 3 BP 387 EP 395 DI 10.1007/s10021-015-9934-1 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH8BL UT WOS:000373018200001 ER PT J AU Cooke, SJ Martins, EG Struthers, DP Gutowsky, LFG Power, M Doka, SE Dettmers, JM Crook, DA Lucas, MC Holbrook, CM Krueger, CC AF Cooke, Steven J. Martins, Eduardo G. Struthers, Daniel P. Gutowsky, Lee F. G. Power, Michael Doka, Susan E. Dettmers, John M. Crook, David A. Lucas, Martyn C. Holbrook, Christopher M. Krueger, Charles C. TI A moving target-incorporating knowledge of the spatial ecology of fish into the assessment and management of freshwater fish populations SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Habitat use; Movement ecology; Behavior; Fisheries; Telemetry; Hydroacoustics; Sampling strategy; Trophic ecology ID PIKE ESOX-LUCIUS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; LIFE-HISTORY; LAKE TROUT; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS; VERTICAL MIGRATION; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; LATERAL MIGRATION; FLOODPLAIN RIVER; MOVEMENT ECOLOGY AB Freshwater fish move vertically and horizontally through the aquatic landscape for a variety of reasons, such as to find and exploit patchy resources or to locate essential habitats (e.g., for spawning). Inherent challenges exist with the assessment of fish populations because they are moving targets. We submit that quantifying and describing the spatial ecology of fish and their habitat is an important component of freshwater fishery assessment and management. With a growing number of tools available for studying the spatial ecology of fishes (e.g., telemetry, population genetics, hydroacoustics, otolith microchemistry, stable isotope analysis), new knowledge can now be generated and incorporated into biological assessment and fishery management. For example, knowing when, where, and how to deploy assessment gears is essential to inform, refine, or calibrate assessment protocols. Such information is also useful for quantifying or avoiding bycatch of imperiled species. Knowledge of habitat connectivity and usage can identify critically important migration corridors and habitats and can be used to improve our understanding of variables that influence spatial structuring of fish populations. Similarly, demographic processes are partly driven by the behavior of fish and mediated by environmental drivers. Information on these processes is critical to the development and application of realistic population dynamics models. Collectively, biological assessment, when informed by knowledge of spatial ecology, can provide managers with the ability to understand how and when fish and their habitats may be exposed to different threats. Naturally, this knowledge helps to better evaluate or develop strategies to protect the long-term viability of fishery production. Failure to understand the spatial ecology of fishes and to incorporate spatiotemporal data can bias population assessments and forecasts and potentially lead to ineffective or counterproductive management actions. C1 [Cooke, Steven J.; Martins, Eduardo G.; Struthers, Daniel P.; Gutowsky, Lee F. G.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Cooke, Steven J.; Martins, Eduardo G.; Struthers, Daniel P.; Gutowsky, Lee F. G.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Martins, Eduardo G.; Power, Michael] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Doka, Susan E.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Burlington, ON, Canada. [Dettmers, John M.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Crook, David A.] Charles Darwin Univ, Res Inst Environm & Livelihoods, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [Lucas, Martyn C.] Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham, England. [Holbrook, Christopher M.] US Geol Survey, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI USA. [Krueger, Charles C.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Lansing, MI USA. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.; Cooke, SJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM steven_cooke@carleton.ca OI Crook, David/0000-0003-4035-050X FU Canada Research Chairs program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Great Lakes Fishery Commission and Ocean Tracking Network Canada; Great Lakes Fishery Commission by way of Great Lakes Restoration Initiative appropriations [GL-00E23010]; Australian Government's National Environmental Research Program, Northern Australia Hub FX Cooke is supported by the Canada Research Chairs program, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and Ocean Tracking Network Canada. This work was funded in part by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission by way of Great Lakes Restoration Initiative appropriations (GL-00E23010). This paper is Contribution 18 of the Great Lakes Acoustic Telemetry Observation System (GLATOS). This is contribution 2023 of the Great Lakes Science Center. DAC was supported by the Australian Government's National Environmental Research Program, Northern Australia Hub. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 176 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2016 VL 188 IS 4 AR UNSP 239 DI 10.1007/s10661-016-5228-0 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH4IW UT WOS:000372750100038 PM 27004432 ER PT J AU Norris, JR Betancourt, JL Jackson, ST AF Norris, Jodi R. Betancourt, Julio L. Jackson, Stephen T. TI Late Holocene expansion of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the Central Rocky Mountains, USA SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE bioclimatic modelling; haplotype; Holocene; Juniperus osteosperma; migration; Pinus ponderosa var; scopulorum; plant macrofossils; woodrat middens ID WOODRAT NEOTOMA MIDDENS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; GREAT-PLAINS; HAPLOTYPE DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION-GROWTH; PLANT MIGRATION; PINYON PINE; HISTORY; INVASION; TREE AB AimPonderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) experienced one of the most extensive and rapid post-glacial plant migrations in western North America. We used plant macrofossils from woodrat (Neotoma) middens to reconstruct its spread in the Central Rocky Mountains, identify other vegetation changes coinciding with P. ponderosa expansion at the same sites, and relate P. ponderosa migrational history to both its modern phylogeography and to a parallel expansion by Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma). LocationCentral Rocky Mountains, Wyoming and Montana, and Black Hills, Wyoming and South Dakota, USA. MethodsPlant macrofossils were analysed in 90 middens collected at 14 widely separated sites in the northern part of the range of P. ponderosa var. scopulorum. Middens with and without P. ponderosa were C-14 dated to pinpoint time of appearance at each site. Sensitivity experiments using a bioclimatic model were used to evaluate potential climatic drivers of late Holocene expansion. ResultsPinus ponderosa colonized the Black Hills region by at least 3850yrbp (all ages given in calendar years before present). It expanded into the eastern Bighorn Mountains of northern Wyoming by 2630yrbp, quickly spreading north in the western Bighorns from 1400 to 1000yrbp. Concurrent with the latter expansion, P. ponderosa spread c.350km to the Little Belt and Big Belt Mountains in western Montana, establishing its northern limit and the modern introgression zone between var. scopulorum and var. ponderosa. Expansion in the Central Rockies of P. ponderosa involved two known haplotypes. Main conclusionsPinus ponderosa expanded its range across large parts of northern Wyoming and central Montana during the late Holocene, probably in response to both northward and westward increases in summer temperature and rainfall. The underlying climatic driver may be the same as for the contemporaneous expansion of J. osteosperma, but will remain undetermined without focused development and integration of independent palaeoclimate records in the region. C1 [Norris, Jodi R.] Natl Pk Serv, Southern Colorado Plateau Network, Inventory & Monitoring Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Water Mission Area, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, DOI Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geol Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Betancourt, JL (reprint author), USGS, Natl Res Program Eastern Reg, Water Mission Area, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jlbetanc@usgs.gov FU NSF [9815500]; Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station; Wyoming Native Plant Society FX This work was supported by NSF grant #9815500 (Population and Community Ecology Program) to S.T. Jackson and J.L. Betancourt, the Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station (McIntyre-Stennis funds) and the Wyoming Native Plant Society. For field and laboratory assistance we thank M. Lyford, S. Gray, R. Eddy, J. Mason, R. Gillis, B. Duschatko, C. Gray, R. Gray, J. Hickerson, C. Holmgren, K. Palmer, K. Rylander, J. Temte, C. van Kirk, J. Williams, and T. Wilson. For collecting permission we thank Bighorn National Forest, Black Hills National Forest, Helena National Forest and The Nature Conservancy-Tensleep Preserve. We thank K. Potter and J. Bradford for valuable suggestions. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD APR PY 2016 VL 43 IS 4 BP 778 EP 790 DI 10.1111/jbi.12670 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA DH9ZH UT WOS:000373154000012 ER PT J AU Haley, NJ Siepker, C Walter, WD Thomsen, BV Greenlee, JJ Lehmkuhl, AD Richt, JA AF Haley, Nicholas J. Siepker, Chris Walter, W. David Thomsen, Bruce V. Greenlee, Justin J. Lehmkuhl, Aaron D. Richt, Juergen A. TI Antemortem Detection of Chronic Wasting Disease Prions in Nasal Brush Collections and Rectal Biopsy Specimens from White-Tailed Deer by Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; CAPTIVE MULE DEER; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; CYCLIC AMPLIFICATION; DIAGNOSTIC-ACCURACY; CLASSICAL SCRAPIE; PREVALENCE; PROTEIN AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cervids, was first documented nearly 50 years ago in Colorado and Wyoming and has since spread to cervids in 23 states, two Canadian provinces, and the Republic of Korea. The expansion of this disease makes the development of sensitive diagnostic assays and antemortem sampling techniques crucial for the mitigation of its spread; this is especially true in cases of relocation/reintroduction of farmed or free-ranging deer and elk or surveillance studies of private or protected herds, where depopulation is contraindicated. This study sought to evaluate the sensitivity of the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay by using recto-anal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (RAMALT) biopsy specimens and nasal brush samples collected antemortem from farmed white-tailed deer (n = 409). Antemortem findings were then compared to results from ante-and postmortem samples (RAMALT, brainstem, and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes) evaluated by using the current gold standard in vitro assay, immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. We hypothesized that the sensitivity of RT-QuIC would be comparable to IHC analysis in antemortem tissues and would correlate with both the genotype and the stage of clinical disease. Our results showed that RAMALT testing by RT-QuIC assay had the highest sensitivity (69.8%) compared to that of postmortem testing, with a specificity of > 93.9%. These data suggest that RT-QuIC, like IHC analysis, is an effective assay for detection of PrPCWD in rectal biopsy specimens and other antemortem samples and, with further research to identify more sensitive tissues, bodily fluids, or experimental conditions, has potential for large-scale and rapid automated testing for CWD diagnosis. C1 [Haley, Nicholas J.; Siepker, Chris; Richt, Juergen A.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Walter, W. David] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Thomsen, Bruce V.; Lehmkuhl, Aaron D.] APHIS, USDA, VS, STAS,Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. [Greenlee, Justin J.] ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Haley, Nicholas J.] Midwestern Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Glendale, AZ USA. RP Haley, NJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.; Haley, NJ (reprint author), Midwestern Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Glendale, AZ USA. EM nicholas.j.haley@gmail.com FU North American Deer Farmers Association; Merial; HHS \ NIH \ National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [NIH NCRR K01OD010994] FX North American Deer Farmers Association provided funding to Nicholas J. Haley. Merial provided funding to Chris Siepker. HHS vertical bar NIH vertical bar National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) provided funding to Nicholas J. Haley under grant number NIH NCRR K01OD010994. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1108 EP 1116 DI 10.1128/JCM.02699-15 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DI2OX UT WOS:000373337100036 PM 26865693 ER PT J AU Haley, NJ Siepker, C Hoon-Hanks, LL Mitchell, G Walter, WD Manca, M Monello, RJ Powers, JG Wild, MA Hoover, EA Caughey, B Richt, JA AF Haley, Nicholas J. Siepker, Chris Hoon-Hanks, Laura L. Mitchell, Gordon Walter, W. David Manca, Matteo Monello, Ryan J. Powers, Jenny G. Wild, Margaret A. Hoover, Edward A. Caughey, Byron Richt, Juergen A. TI Seeded Amplification of Chronic Wasting Disease Prions in Nasal Brushings and Recto-anal Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissues from Elk by Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; WHITE-TAILED DEER; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; MULE DEER; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; RECTAL MUCOSA; OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM; CYCLIC AMPLIFICATION AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cervids, was first documented nearly 50 years ago in Colorado and Wyoming and has since been detected across North America and the Republic of Korea. The expansion of this disease makes the development of sensitive diagnostic assays and antemortem sampling techniques crucial for the mitigation of its spread; this is especially true in cases of relocation/reintroduction or prevalence studies of large or protected herds, where depopulation may be contraindicated. This study evaluated the sensitivity of the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay of recto-anal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (RAMALT) biopsy specimens and nasal brushings collected antemortem. These findings were compared to results of immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of ante-and postmortem samples. RAMALT samples were collected from populations of farmed and free-ranging Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni; n = 323), and nasal brush samples were collected from a subpopulation of these animals (n = 205). We hypothesized that the sensitivity of RT-QuIC would be comparable to that of IHC analysis of RAMALT and would correspond to that of IHC analysis of postmortem tissues. We found RAMALT sensitivity (77.3%) to be highly correlative between RT-QuIC and IHC analysis. Sensitivity was lower when testing nasal brushings (34%), though both RAMALT and nasal brush test sensitivities were dependent on both the PRNP genotype and disease progression determined by the obex score. These data suggest that RT-QuIC, like IHC analysis, is a relatively sensitive assay for detection of CWD prions in RAMALT biopsy specimens and, with further investigation, has potential for large-scale and rapid automated testing of antemortem samples for CWD. C1 [Haley, Nicholas J.; Siepker, Chris; Richt, Juergen A.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Hoon-Hanks, Laura L.; Hoover, Edward A.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Mitchell, Gordon] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Natl & OIE Reference Lab Scrapie & CWD, Ottawa Lab Fallowfield, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Walter, W. David] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Manca, Matteo; Caughey, Byron] NIAID, TSE Prion Biochem Sect, Persistent Viral Dis Lab, Rocky Mt Labs, Hamilton, MT USA. [Monello, Ryan J.; Powers, Jenny G.; Wild, Margaret A.] Natl Pk Serv, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Haley, Nicholas J.] Midwestern Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Glendale, AZ USA. RP Haley, NJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.; Haley, NJ (reprint author), Midwestern Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Glendale, AZ USA. EM nicholas.j.haley@gmail.com FU Elk Research Council; Merial; Intramural Research Program of NIAID; HHS \ NIH \ National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [NIH NCRR K01OD010994] FX Elk Research Council provided funding to Nicholas J. Haley. Merial provided funding to Chris Siepker. Intramural Research Program of the NIAID provided funding to Matteo Manca. HHS vertical bar NIH vertical bar National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) provided funding to Nicholas J. Haley under grant number NIH NCRR K01OD010994. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1117 EP 1126 DI 10.1128/JCM.02700-15 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DI2OX UT WOS:000373337100037 PM 26888899 ER PT J AU Ewing, R Hamidi, S Grace, JB Wei, YD AF Ewing, Reid Hamidi, Shima Grace, James B. Wei, Yehua Dennis TI Does urban sprawl hold down upward mobility? SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Upward mobility; Social mobility; Urban sprawl; Compact development ID SPATIAL MISMATCH HYPOTHESIS; INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPORTATION POLICY; LOS-ANGELES; LAND-USE; INCOME; SEGREGATION; OPPORTUNITY; CONTAINMENT AB Contrary to the general perception, the United States has a much more class-bound society than other wealthy countries. The chance of upward mobility for Americans is just half that of the citizens of the Denmark and many other European countries. In addition to other influences, the built environment may contribute to the low rate of upward mobility in the U.S. This study tests the relationship between urban sprawl and upward mobility for commuting zones in the U.S. We examine potential pathways through which sprawl may have an effect on mobility. We use structural equation modeling to account for both direct and indirect effects of sprawl on upward mobility. We find that upward mobility is significantly higher in compact areas than sprawling areas. The direct effect, which we attribute to better job accessibility in more compact commuting zones, is stronger than the indirect effects. Of the indirect effects, only one, through the mediating variable income segregation, is significant. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ewing, Reid] Univ Utah, Coll Architecture Planning, 220 AAC,375 S 1530 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Hamidi, Shima] Univ Texas Arlington, Coll Architecture Planning & Publ Affairs, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA USA. [Wei, Yehua Dennis] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Ewing, R (reprint author), Univ Utah, Coll Architecture Planning, 220 AAC,375 S 1530 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM ewing@arch.utah.edu; shima.hamidi@uta.edu; gracej@usgs.gov; wei@geog.utah.edu FU National Institutes of Health; Ford Foundation [0155-0883] FX Reid Ewing and Shima Hamidi would like to acknowledge the funding of the National Institutes of Health and Ford Foundation. Dennis Wei would like to acknowledge the funding of the Ford Foundation (0155-0883). NR 78 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR PY 2016 VL 148 BP 80 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.012 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA DH3JR UT WOS:000372683800008 ER PT J AU Cucciniello, C Tucker, RD Jourdan, F Melluso, L Morra, V AF Cucciniello, C. Tucker, R. D. Jourdan, F. Melluso, L. Morra, V. TI The age and petrogenesis of alkaline magmatism in the Ampasindava Peninsula and Nosy Be archipelago, northern Madagascar SO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EUDIALYTE-GROUP MINERALS; WESTERN INDIAN-OCEAN; X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; TRACHYPHONOLITIC MAGMAS; VOLCANIC SUITE; IGNEOUS ROCKS; GEOCHEMISTRY; CRYSTALLIZATION; GEOCHRONOLOGY; PETROLOGY AB The Ampasindava alkaline province consists of a series of circular and elliptical intrusions, lava flows, dyke swarms and plugs of Cenozoic age emplaced into the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary rocks of the Antsiranana basin (NW Madagascar) and above the crystalline basement. The magmatism in the Ampasindava region is linked to a NW-SE trending extensional tectonic setting. New Ar-40/Ar-39 age determinations on feldspar separate of alkali granites and basaltic dykes yielded ages of 18.01 +/- 0.36 Ma and 26 +/- 7 Ma, respectively. Alkali basalts and basanites, nepheline syenites and phonolites, and silica saturated-to-oversaturated syenites, trachytes, granites and rhyolites are the main outcropping lithologies. These rocks have sodic affinity. The felsic rocks are dominant, and range from peraluminous to peralkaline. The mantle-normalized incompatible element patterns of the mafic lavas match those of Na-alkaline lavas in within-plate rift settings. The patterns are identical in shape and absolute concentrations to those of the Bobaomby (Cap d'Ambre) and Massif d'Ambre primitive volcanic rocks. These geochemical features are broadly compatible with variable degrees of partial melting of incompatible element-enriched mantle sources. The mineralogical and geochemical variations are consistent with fractional crystallization processes involving removal of olivine, feldspar, clinopyroxene, amphibole, Fe-Ti oxides and apatite. Removal of small amount of titanite explains the concave upward lanthanide pattern in the evolved nepheline syenites and phonolites, which are additionally rich in exotic silicates typical of agpaitic magmas (eudialyte, F-disilicates). C1 [Cucciniello, C.; Melluso, L.; Morra, V.] Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. [Tucker, R. D.] USGS, Reston, VA USA. [Jourdan, F.] Curtin Univ, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. RP Melluso, L (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. EM melluso@unina.it RI Morra, Vincenzo/H-6125-2011 OI Morra, Vincenzo/0000-0002-3310-8603 FU COFIN [20107ESMX9_001] FX Many thanks to Sergio Bravi for the preparation of thin sections and to Roberto de' Gennaro for his assistance in microprobe work. This paper has been granted by COFIN2010-2011 (20107ESMX9_001) to L. Melluso. We acknowledge the influencial work of Rex Prider on ultrapotassic rocks through the years. Comments of two anonymous reviewers, the handling editors and the Editor in Chief Johann Raith were precious for the preparation of the revised version. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0930-0708 EI 1438-1168 J9 MINER PETROL JI Mineral. Petrol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 110 IS 2-3 BP 309 EP 331 DI 10.1007/s00710-015-0387-1 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA DH9WS UT WOS:000373147300009 ER PT J AU Joly, S Rhea, L Volk, P Moreland, JG Dunnwald, M AF Joly, Sophie Rhea, Lindsey Volk, Paige Moreland, Jessica G. Dunnwald, Martine TI Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 Has a Protective Role in the Host Response to Endotoxic Shock SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; KERATINOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; WOUDE-SYNDROME; IRF6; EXPRESSION; MIGRATION; VAN; PHAGOCYTOSIS AB Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) 6, a member of the IRF family, is essential for epidermal and orofacial embryonic development. Irf6 is strongly expressed in keratinocytes, in which it regulates epidermal proliferation, differentiation, and migration. A recent role for Irf6 in Tolllike receptor 2-dependent chemokine gene expression was also reported in an epithelial cell line. However, a function for Irf6 in innate immune cells was not previously reported. In the present study, we investigated the expression and function of Irf6 in bone marrow-derived neutrophils and macrophages. We show here, using a conditional knockout of Irf6 in lysosymeM expressing cells, that Irf6 is required for resistance to LPS-induced endotoxic shock. In addition, Irf6-deficient bone marrow-derived neutrophils exhibited increased chemotactic index and velocity compared with wild-type cells in vitro. TLR4-specific KC and IL6 secretions were upregulated in Irf6-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro. These cells also exhibited an increased level of phosphorylated IkBa. Collectively, our findings suggest a role for Irf6 in the resistance to endotoxic shock due to NFk-B-mediated alteration of cytokine production. C1 [Joly, Sophie] Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Rhea, Lindsey; Volk, Paige; Moreland, Jessica G.; Dunnwald, Martine] Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Rhea, Lindsey] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. RP Dunnwald, M (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM martine-dunnwald@uiowa.edu FU National Institutes of Health [AR0615086, AR067731] FX This work was supported by funds from the National Institutes of Health (AR0615086 and AR067731 to MD). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 4 AR e0152385 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0152385 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DI0QF UT WOS:000373201200015 PM 27035130 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, JM Johnson, NA Randklev, CR Howells, RG Williams, JD AF Pfeiffer, John M., III Johnson, Nathan A. Randklev, Charles R. Howells, Robert G. Williams, James D. TI Generic reclassification and species boundaries in the rediscovered freshwater mussel 'Quadrula' mitchelli (Simpson in Dall, 1896) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Unionidae; Species rediscovery; Species delimitation; Bayesian phylogenetics and phylogeography; Fusconaia ID EXTINCT 1ST ACCOUNT; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; BIVALVIA UNIONIDAE; FALSE SPIKE; CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS; PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; MODEL SELECTION; BAYES FACTORS; CENTRAL TEXAS; SEQUENCE DATA AB The Central Texas endemic freshwater mussel, Quadrula mitchelli (Simpson in Dall, 1896), had been presumed extinct until relict populations were recently rediscovered. To help guide ongoing and future conservation efforts focused on Q. mitchelli we set out to resolve several uncertainties regarding its evolutionary history, specifically its unknown generic position and untested species boundaries. We designed a molecular matrix consisting of two loci (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and internal transcribed spacer I) and 57 terminal taxa to test the generic position of Q. mitchelli using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction. We also employed two Bayesian species validation methods to test five a priori species models (i.e. hypotheses of species delimitation). Our study is the first to test the generic position of Q. mitchelli and we found robust support for its inclusion in the genus Fusconaia. Accordingly, we introduce the binomial, Fusconaia mitchelli comb. nov., to accurately represent the systematic position of the species. We resolved F. mitchelli individuals in two well supported and divergent clades that were generally distinguished as distinct species using Bayesian species validation methods, although alternative hypotheses of species delineation were also supported. Despite strong evidence of genetic isolation within F. mitchelli, we do not advocate for species-level status of the two clades as they are allopatrically distributed and no morphological, behavioral, or ecological characters are known to distinguish them. These results are discussed in the context of the systematics, distribution, and conservation of F. mitchelli. C1 [Pfeiffer, John M., III; Johnson, Nathan A.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Pfeiffer, John M., III; Williams, James D.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Randklev, Charles R.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Renewable Nat Resources, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Howells, Robert G.] Biostudies, 160 Bearskin Trail, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Pfeiffer, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.; Pfeiffer, JM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jpfeiffer@ufl.edu OI Johnson, Nathan/0000-0001-5167-1988 FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service Region 2; United States Geological Survey; Texas Department of Transportation FX Funding from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Region 2, United States Geological Survey, Texas Department of Transportation, and Texas Comptroller helped make this work possible. We thank Peter Scott and Nathan Whelan for various discussions regarding Bayesian species delimitation and reconstruction. Mark Cordova, J. Harris, M. Johnson, S. McMurray, S. Oetker, E. Tsakiris, and K. Roe helped collect specimens. Kevin Skow and T. Snelgrove assisted with mapping and GIS. We gratefully acknowledge M. Bemis, L. Groves, A. Harris, B. Hershler, J. Slapcinsky, T. Lee for their assistance with the acquisition of loan material. Harry Lee provided assistance with addressing various nomenclatural issues. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 105 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD APR PY 2016 VL 17 IS 2 BP 279 EP 292 DI 10.1007/s10592-015-0780-7 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA DG7QI UT WOS:000372278400004 ER PT J AU Klicka, LB Kus, BE Title, PO Burns, KJ AF Klicka, Luke B. Kus, Barbara E. Title, Pascal O. Burns, Kevin J. TI Conservation genomics reveals multiple evolutionary units within Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Conservation; Genomics; Phylogeography; Vireo bellii; Population genetics ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; EYED VIREO; DIFFERENTIATION; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; SPECIATION; DIVERSITY; MODELS; AVES; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB The Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii) is a widespread North American species of bird that has declined since the mid-1960s primarily due to habitat modification. Throughout its range, Bell's Vireo populations are regulated under varying degrees of protection; however, the species has never been characterized genetically. Therefore, the current taxonomy used to guide management decisions may misrepresent the true evolutionary history for the species. We sequenced 86 individuals for ND2 and genotyped 48 individuals for genome-wide SNPs to identify distinct lineages within Bell's Vireo. Phylogenetic analyses uncovered two distinct clades that are separated in the arid southwestern United States, near the border of the Chihuahuan and Sonoran Deserts. These clades diverged from each other approximately 1.11-2.04 mya. The timing of diversification, geographic location, and niche modeling of the east/west divergence suggest vicariance as a mode of diversification for these two lineages. Analyses of the SNP dataset provided additional resolution and indicated the Least Bell's Vireo populations are a distinct evolutionary lineage. Our genetic evidence, together with information from morphology and behavior, suggests that the Bell's Vireo complex involves two species, each containing two separate subspecies. This new information has implications for the federal, state and other listing status of Bell's Vireo throughout its range. C1 [Klicka, Luke B.; Burns, Kevin J.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Klicka, Luke B.] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Inst, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Kus, Barbara E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Title, Pascal O.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Klicka, LB (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.; Klicka, LB (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Biodivers Inst, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM klicks87@gmail.com OI Title, Pascal/0000-0002-6316-0736 FU Frank M. Chapman Memorial Fund of the American Museum of Natural History; American Ornithologists' Union Research Award; Los Angeles Audubon Society's Ralph W. Schreiber Ornithology Research Award; SDSU Ted Cohn Evolutionary Biology Scholarship FX We thank the scientific collectors, collection managers, staff, and curators at the following institutions that made tissue samples and museum skins available for this research: The Academy of Natural Sciences; Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science; San Diego Natural History Museum; SDSU Museum of Biodiversity; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley; University of Washington Burke Museum; University of Kansas Natural History Museum; Field Museum of Natural History; United States Geological Survey; University of California, Los Angeles: Conservation Resource Center; The Institute for Bird Populations; Marjorie Barrick Museum, University of Nevada Las Vegas; Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan; Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico; Carnegie Museum of Natural History; and Cara Joos (University of Missouri). This research was made possible by funding from: Frank M. Chapman Memorial Fund of the American Museum of Natural History, American Ornithologists' Union Research Award, Los Angeles Audubon Society's Ralph W. Schreiber Ornithology Research Award, and SDSU Ted Cohn Evolutionary Biology Scholarship. We also recognize the following individuals for their help with various aspects of the project: Nicholas Mason, Allison Shultz, Shannon Walsh, Mike Harvey, Scott Taylor, Andrew Gottscho, Marshal Hedin, Philip Unitt, Suellen Lynn, Ryan Pottinger, John Klicka, Robert Zink, Paul Maier, Philip Pryde, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD APR PY 2016 VL 17 IS 2 BP 455 EP 471 DI 10.1007/s10592-015-0796-z PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA DG7QI UT WOS:000372278400018 ER PT J AU LaManna, JA Martin, TE AF LaManna, Joseph A. Martin, Thomas E. TI Costs of fear: behavioural and life-history responses to risk and their demographic consequences vary across species SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Anti-predator; behaviour; birds; demographic cost; dependent offspring; development; growth; life history; predation; reproductive success ID NEST PREDATION RISK; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; EMBRYONIC TEMPERATURE; SIZE VARIATION; HABITAT USE; TRADE-OFFS; SONGBIRDS; BIRDS; PREY; FOOD AB Behavioural responses to reduce predation risk might cause demographic costs of fear'. Costs differ among species, but a conceptual framework to understand this variation is lacking. We use a life-history framework to tie together diverse traits and life stages to better understand interspecific variation in responses and costs. We used natural and experimental variation in predation risk to test phenotypic responses and associated demographic costs for 10 songbird species. Responses such as increased parental attentiveness yielded reduced development time and created benefits such as reduced predation probability. Yet, responses to increased risk also created demographic costs by reducing offspring production in the absence of direct predation. This cost of fear varied widely across species, but predictably with the probability of repeat breeding. Use of a life-history framework can aid our understanding of potential demographic costs from predation, both from responses to perceived risk and from direct predation mortality. C1 [LaManna, Joseph A.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP LaManna, JA (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM jlamanna@wustl.edu OI Martin, Thomas E/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU Bair Foundation; Lewis and Clark National Forest; US Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [FP-91747701-0]; University of Montana IACUC protocol [AUP 059-10]; Montana Fish Wildlife Parks [2009-023, 2010-044, 2011-045, 2012-042, 2013-090, 2014-084] FX We thank B. Kotler, J. Maron, R. Callaway, M. Hebblewhite, L. Larios, L. Zanette, two anonymous reviewers, and our lab group for helpful comments on the manuscript. We also thank J. Oteyza for help designing the perceived predation risk experiment. Many people, especially A. and M. Hemenway, J. Schoen, J. Hughes, R. Steiner, and J. Broderick, helped with data collection. We greatly appreciate financial support and land access by the Bair Foundation, Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, the Lewis and Clark National Forest, a private landowner, and the US Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program. This publication was developed under STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement no. FP-91747701-0 awarded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has not been formally reviewed by EPA. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was conducted under the auspices of the University of Montana IACUC protocol AUP 059-10 and permits 2009-023, 2010-044, 2011-045, 2012-042, 2013-090, and 2014-084 from Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 18 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD APR PY 2016 VL 19 IS 4 BP 403 EP 413 DI 10.1111/ele.12573 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH2YZ UT WOS:000372654800006 PM 26900087 ER PT J AU Masoner, JR Kolpin, DW Furlong, ET Cozzarelli, IM Gray, JL AF Masoner, Jason R. Kolpin, Dana W. Furlong, Edward T. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Gray, James L. TI LANDFILL LEACHATE AS A MIRROR OF TODAY'S DISPOSABLE SOCIETY: PHARMACEUTICALS AND OTHER CONTAMINANTS OF EMERGING CONCERN IN FINAL LEACHATE FROM LANDFILLS IN THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Contaminants of emerging concern; Landfill leachate; Landfills; Pharmaceuticals ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; MUNICIPAL LANDFILL; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; WATER; WASTE; FISH; ENVIRONMENT; POLLUTANTS; TOXICITY AB Final leachates (leachate after storage or treatment processes) from 22 landfills in 12 states were analyzed for 190 pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), which were detected in every sample, with the number of CECs ranging from 1 to 58 (median = 22). In total, 101 different CECs were detected in leachate samples, including 43 prescription pharmaceuticals, 22 industrial chemicals, 15 household chemicals, 12 nonprescription pharmaceuticals, 5 steroid hormones, and 4 animal/plant sterols. The most frequently detected CECs were lidocaine (91%, local anesthetic), cotinine (86%, nicotine degradate), carisoprodol (82%, muscle relaxant), bisphenol A (77%, component of plastics and thermal paper), carbamazepine (77%, anticonvulsant), and N,N-diethyltoluamide (68%, insect repellent). Concentrations of CECs spanned 7 orders of magnitude, ranging from 2.0 ng/L (estrone) to 17 200 000 ng/L (bisphenol A). Concentrations of household and industrial chemicals were the greatest (similar to 1000-1 000 000 ng/L), followed by plant/animal sterols (similar to 1000-100 000 ng/L), nonprescription pharmaceuticals (similar to 100-10 000 ng/L), prescription pharmaceuticals (similar to 10-10 000 ng/L), and steroid hormones (similar to 10-100 ng/L). The CEC concentrations in leachate from active landfills were significantly greater than those in leachate from closed, unlined landfills (p = 0.05). The CEC concentrations were significantly greater (p < 0.01) in untreated leachate compared with treated leachate. The CEC concentrations were significantly greater in leachate disposed to wastewater treatment plants from modern lined landfills than in leachate released to groundwater from closed, unlined landfills (p = 0.04). The CEC concentrations were significantly greater (p = 0.06) in the fresh leachate (leachate before storage or treatment) reported in a previous study compared with the final leachate sampled for the present study. Published 2015 SETAC. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the United States. C1 [Masoner, Jason R.] US Geol Survey, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA USA. [Furlong, Edward T.; Gray, James L.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Masoner, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oklahoma City, OK USA. EM jmasoner@usgs.gov OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU US Geological Survey FX Access to landfill sites and sampling was gained through a collaborative effort that included private solid-waste companies, state environmental agencies, and county and municipal governments. The review comments of J. Smith, W. Andrews, and S. Branham greatly improved this manuscript. This project was supported by the US Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Special thanks are given to J. Jaeschke and K. Smith for helping with preparation of sampling equipment, supplies, and analysis of geochemical analytes. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 18 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2016 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1002/etc.3219 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DH0RB UT WOS:000372490300017 PM 26562222 ER PT J AU Schoenfuss, HL Furlong, ET Phillips, PJ Scott, TM Kolpin, DW Cetkovic-Cvrlje, M Lesteberg, KE Rearick, DC AF Schoenfuss, Heiko L. Furlong, Edward T. Phillips, Pat J. Scott, Tia-Marie Kolpin, Dana W. Cetkovic-Cvrlje, Marina Lesteberg, Kelsey E. Rearick, Daniel C. TI COMPLEX MIXTURES, COMPLEX RESPONSES: ASSESSING PHARMACEUTICAL MIXTURES USING FIELD AND LABORATORY APPROACHES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pharmaceuticals; Effluent; Fathead minnows; Behavioral toxicology; Immunology ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; HEALTH-RISK ASSESSMENT; MALE FATHEAD MINNOWS; SURFACE WATERS; SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SELECTIVE UPTAKE; FISH POPULATION; TREATMENT-PLANT AB Pharmaceuticals are present in low concentrations (<100 ng/L) in most municipal wastewater effluents but may be elevated locally because of factors such as input from pharmaceutical formulation facilities. Using existing concentration data, the authors assessed pharmaceuticals in laboratory exposures of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and added environmental complexity through effluent exposures. In the laboratory, larval and mature minnows were exposed to a simple opioid mixture (hydrocodone, methadone, and oxycodone), an opioid agonist (tramadol), a muscle relaxant (methocarbamol), a simple antidepressant mixture (fluoxetine, paroxetine, venlafaxine), a sleep aid (temazepam), or a complex mixture of all compounds. Larval minnow response to effluent exposure was not consistent. The 2010 exposures resulted in shorter exposed minnow larvae, whereas the larvae exposed in 2012 exhibited altered escape behavior. Mature minnows exhibited altered hepatosomatic indices, with the strongest effects in females and in mixture exposures. In addition, laboratory-exposed, mature male minnows exposed to all pharmaceuticals (except the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor mixture) defended nest sites less rigorously than fish in the control group. Tramadol or antidepressant mixture exposure resulted in increased splenic T lymphocytes. Only male minnows exposed to whole effluent responded with increased plasma vitellogenin concentrations. Female minnows exposed to pharmaceuticals (except the opioid mixture) had larger livers, likely as a compensatory result of greater prominence of vacuoles in liver hepatocytes. The observed alteration of apical endpoints central to sustaining fish populations confirms that effluents containing waste streams from pharmaceutical formulation facilities can adversely impact fish populations but that the effects may not be temporally consistent. The present study highlights the importance of including diverse biological endpoints spanning levels of biological organization and life stages when assessing contaminant interactions. (C) 2015 SETAC C1 [Schoenfuss, Heiko L.; Rearick, Daniel C.] St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Phillips, Pat J.; Scott, Tia-Marie] US Geol Survey, New York Sci Ctr, Troy, NY USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, Iowa City, IA USA. [Cetkovic-Cvrlje, Marina; Lesteberg, Kelsey E.] St Cloud State Univ, Immunol Lab, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. RP Schoenfuss, HL (reprint author), St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. EM hschoenfuss@stcloudstate.edu OI Lesteberg, Kelsey/0000-0002-3081-457X FU National Science Foundation [CBET 1336062] FX Funding to H.L. Schoenfuss for the current manuscript was provided by the National Science Foundation (CBET 1336062). E. Bromage (Veterinary Immunology Network) provided antibodies. We thank the personnel of the NY03 wastewater treatment plant, who provided access and aid to our on-site studies. We thank the students in the St. Cloud State University Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory for their assistance. S. Werner and M. Noriega of the National Water Quality Laboratory, US Geological Survey (Denver, CO) provided assistance in formulating dosing solutions and conducting HPLC-MS/MS analyses. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2016 VL 35 IS 4 BP 953 EP 965 DI 10.1002/etc.3147 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DH0RB UT WOS:000372490300022 PM 26561986 ER PT J AU Miller, IR Kappenman, KM Talbott, MJ AF Miller, I. R. Kappenman, K. M. Talbott, M. J. TI Upper lethal temperature of larval pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus (Forbes and Richardson, ) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DETERMINING THERMAL TOLERANCE; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; MISSOURI RIVER; STREAM FISHES; REQUIREMENTS; GROWTH; RECOVERY; SURVIVAL; MAXIMUM; TROUT C1 [Miller, I. R.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Kappenman, K. M.; Talbott, M. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Kappenman, KM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM kevin_kappenman@fws.gov FU USFWS Bozeman Fish Technology Center FX This study was supported by the USFWS Bozeman Fish Technology Center. We thank Matt Toner, Jason Ilgen, and Cal Fraser for their help in fish culture operations at BFTC. We thank Mike Rhodes and staff at the Miles City State Fish Hatchery for spawning broodstock. We thank participating members of the upper basin pallid sturgeon work-group for broodstock collection and agency staff of MTFWP, USGS, USACOE, WAPA, and USFWS for additional support. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 2 BP 272 EP 276 DI 10.1111/jai.12994 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DG7SL UT WOS:000372283900004 ER PT J AU McGrady, MJ Al Fazari, WA Al Jahdhami, MH Hines, JE Oli, MK AF McGrady, M. J. Al Fazari, W. A. Al Jahdhami, M. H. Hines, J. E. Oli, M. K. TI Survival of Sooty Falcons (Falco concolor) breeding in Oman SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE State-specific survival; Age-specific breeding probability; Capture-mark-recapture analysis; Falco concolor; Sooty Falcon demography; Multi-state models; Sultanate of Oman ID ENDANGERED LESSER KESTREL; PEREGRINE FALCON; POPULATION; AGE; MIGRATION; TELEMETRY; GROWTH; EAGLE; BIRDS; MODEL AB Although the Middle East supports a high level of avian biodiversity, the ecology of relatively few species that use the region has been studied in detail. Despite its restricted breeding distribution in the Middle East, and apparent unfavorable conservation status, little is known about the population ecology of the Sooty Falcon (Falco concolor), one of only two falcon species that breeds in the boreal summer. We applied multi-state models to capture-mark-recapture data collected during 2007-2014 in the Sultanate of Oman to estimate, for the first time, the probabilities of capture, age-specific breeding probabilities, and state-specific apparent survival for Sooty Falcon. Capture probability for breeding adults (+/- 1SE) was 0.443 +/- A 0.088. Annual apparent survival probability for pre-breeders and for breeding adults was 0.570 +/- A 0.048 and 0.656 +/- A 0.069, respectively. The probability that 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old falcons returned as breeders was 0.065 +/- A 0.036, 0.159 +/- A 0.069, and 0.339 +/- A 0.211, respectively. In 2013, we radio-tagged five fledgling falcons, and monitored their fates using satellite-based tracking. All initiated their first migration and survived for 48 days following radio-tagging, but four of the five birds died by 70 days post-tagging; only one survived > 100 days. Our results suggest that only about 12 % of fledglings survive to the average age of first breeding (similar to 3.8 years), and that most of first-year mortality occurs during their first migration or soon after they reach their destination. Low apparent survival of pre-breeders could result in low recruitment to the breeding population, and population declines. A comprehensive population-level assessment is urgently needed to accurately determine the status of Sooty Falcons, and to devise flyway-scale conservation plans. C1 [McGrady, M. J.] Int Avian Res, Am Rosenhugel 59, A-3500 Krems, Austria. [Al Fazari, W. A.; Al Jahdhami, M. H.] Off Conservat Environm Diwan Royal Court, POB 246, Muscat 100, Oman. [Hines, J. E.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Oli, M. K.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP McGrady, MJ (reprint author), Int Avian Res, Am Rosenhugel 59, A-3500 Krems, Austria. EM mikejmcgrady@aol.com FU Office for Conservation of the Environment Diwan of Royal Court (OCE); Natural Research, Ltd., UK; Petroleum Development Oman; Environment Society of Oman FX Financial support was provided by the Office for Conservation of the Environment Diwan of Royal Court (OCE), Natural Research, Ltd., UK, Petroleum Development Oman and the Environment Society of Oman. In-kind and logistical support was provided by the Royal Yachts of Royal Court Affairs and the Ministry of Environment and Climate Affairs (MECA). Research permits for the Daymaniyat Islands were kindly provided by MECA, and permission to land on Fahal Island by the Royal Oman Police. We would particularly like to thank the captains and crew of the "Al Noores" and the MECA rangers for their hospitality and logistical support. The Environment Society of Oman provided some PIT tag reading equipment. Many individuals were very helpful including: Y. Al-Salami, A. Spalton, M. Al-Balushi, A. Al-Owisi, N. Al-Sharji, A. Al-Amri, A. Al-Raisi, J. Knapp, A. Al-Kyumi, F. Al-Lamki, K. Am Busaidi, M. Hearst, R. Eaton, M. Nicoll, A. Thorpe, M. Gschweng, L. Arison and G. Razafimanjato. A. Al-Raisi provided GIS support. The help provided by Said Al-Sayabi of the Royal Yachts was vital to the success of the work. The manuscript was greatly improved by the comments of two anonymous referees. Finally, we are immensely grateful to James D. Nichols for much needed guidance in data analysis. The work was performed in accordance with the laws of the Sultanate of Oman. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 EI 1439-0361 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 157 IS 2 BP 427 EP 437 DI 10.1007/s10336-015-1302-6 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DG7KY UT WOS:000372264400005 ER PT J AU Taubmann, J Sharma, K Uulu, KZ Hines, JE Mishra, C AF Taubmann, Julia Sharma, Koustubh Uulu, Kubanychbek Zhumabai Hines, James E. Mishra, Charudutt TI Status assessment of the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia and other large mammals in the Kyrgyz Alay, using community knowledge corrected for imperfect detection SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE Capra sibirica; local knowledge; Lynx lynx; occupancy modelling; Ovis ammon polii; Panthera uncia; Ursus arctos ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; POPULATION; PROBABILITIES; EXTINCTIONS; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY; RESERVE; DESIGN AB The Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia occurs in the Central Asian Mountains, which cover c. 2 million km(2). Little is known about its status in the Kyrgyz Alay Mountains, a relatively narrow stretch of habitat connecting the southern and northern global ranges of the species. In 2010 we gathered information on current and past (1990, the last year of the Soviet Union) distributions of snow leopards and five sympatric large mammals across 14,000 km2 of the Kyrgyz Alay. We interviewed 95 key informants from local communities. Across 49 400-km(2) grid cells we obtained 1,606 and 962 records of species occurrence (site use) in 1990 and 2010, respectively. The data were analysed using the multi-season site occupancy framework to incorporate uncertainty in detection across interviewees and time periods. High probability of use by snow leopards in the past was recorded in >70% of the Kyrgyz Alay. Between the two sampling periods 39% of sites showed a high probability of local extinction of snow leopard. We also recorded high probability of local extinction of brown bear Ursus arctos (84% of sites) and Marco Polo sheep Ovis ammon polii (47% of sites), mainly in regions used intensively by people. Data indicated a high probability of local colonization by lynx Lynx lynx in 41% of the sites. Although wildlife has declined in areas of central and eastern Alay, regions in the north-west, and the northern and southern fringes appear to retain high conservation value. C1 [Taubmann, Julia] Univ Freiburg, Wildlife Ecol & Management, Tennenbacher Str 4, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. [Taubmann, Julia; Sharma, Koustubh; Uulu, Kubanychbek Zhumabai; Mishra, Charudutt] Snow Leopard Trust, 4649 Sunnyside Ave,325 North Suite, Seattle, WA USA. [Hines, James E.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Taubmann, Julia] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Dept Ecol, Mainz, Germany. [Sharma, Koustubh; Mishra, Charudutt] Nat Conservat Fdn, 3076-5,4 Cross,Gokulam Pk, Mysore, Karnataka, India. [Uulu, Kubanychbek Zhumabai] Snow Leopard Fdn, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. RP Sharma, K (reprint author), Snow Leopard Trust, 4649 Sunnyside Ave,325 North Suite, Seattle, WA USA. EM koustubhsharma@gmail.com FU Panthera; Whitley Fund for Nature; BBC Wildlife Fund FX We are grateful to Panthera, the Whitley Fund for Nature and the BBC Wildlife Fund for financial support that made this work possible. We thank James Nichols for reviewing our analytical methods and providing useful suggestions; F. Aitbaeva and G. Krippner for translation of the interviews, photographic documentation and sharing their knowledge; the 95 interviewees for their participation in this study; and the Editor and anonymous reviewers for their critical comments. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 20 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0030-6053 EI 1365-3008 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD APR PY 2016 VL 50 IS 2 BP 220 EP 230 DI 10.1017/S0030605315000502 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH1DZ UT WOS:000372525900013 ER PT J AU Hart, KM Zawada, DG Sartain, AR Fujisaki, I AF Hart, Kristen M. Zawada, David G. Sartain, Autumn R. Fujisaki, Ikuko TI Breeding loggerhead marine turtles Caretta caretta in Dry Tortugas National Park, USA, showhigh fidelity to diverse habitats near nesting beaches SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE ATRIS; Caretta caretta; habitat mapping; kernel density estimation; marine protected area; marine spatial planning; satellite-telemetry; site-fidelity ID HOME-RANGE; POPULATION; ESTIMATORS AB We used satellite telemetry to identify in-water habitat used by individuals in the smallest North-west Atlantic subpopulation of adult nesting loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta during the breeding season. During 2010, 2011 and 2012 breeding periods, a total of.. adult females used habitats proximal to nesting beaches with various levels of protection within Dry Tortugas National Park. We then used a rapid, high-resolution, digital imaging system to map habitat adjacent to nesting beaches, revealing the diversity and distribution of available benthic cover. Turtle behaviour showing measurable site-fidelity to these diverse habitats has implications for managing protected areas and human activities within them. Protecting diverse benthic areas adjacent to loggerhead turtle nesting beaches here and elsewhere could provide benefits for overall biodiversity conservation. C1 [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL USA. [Zawada, David G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Sartain, Autumn R.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, CNMC, Davie, FL USA. [Fujisaki, Ikuko] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL USA. RP Hart, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL USA. EM kristen_hart@usgs.gov FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Priority Ecosystem Studies Program; Ecosystems Program FX We thank National Park Service (NPS) staff at Dry Tortugas National Park, and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) staff, for field and laboratory assistance. The USGS Coastal and Marine Geology, Priority Ecosystem Studies, and Ecosystems Programs provided funding. We acknowledge the use of STAT at www.seaturtle.org. All research on loggerhead turtles was conducted according to institutional and animal-care protocols (USGS/SESC 2011-05), NPS permits DRTO-2008-SCI-0008, DRTO-2009-SCI-0005, DRTO-2011-SCI-0012, DRTO-2012-SCI-0008, and Florida Marine Turtle Permit 176. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0030-6053 EI 1365-3008 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD APR PY 2016 VL 50 IS 2 BP 283 EP 288 DI 10.1017/S0030605314000854 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH1DZ UT WOS:000372525900021 ER PT J AU Ghahari, SF Abazarsa, F Avci, O Celebi, M Taciroglu, E AF Ghahari, S. F. Abazarsa, F. Avci, O. Celebi, M. Taciroglu, E. TI Blind identification of the Millikan Library from earthquake data considering soil-structure interaction SO STRUCTURAL CONTROL & HEALTH MONITORING LA English DT Article DE Millikan Library; soil-structure interaction; blind modal identification; modal properties; finite element modeling; soil-foundation dynamic stiffness ID CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURES; ONLY MODAL IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEM-IDENTIFICATION; TIME-FREQUENCY; SEISMIC INTERFEROMETRY; REASSIGNMENT METHOD; APPARENT CHANGE; BUILDINGS; VIBRATION; MODELS AB The Robert A. Millikan Library is a reinforced concrete building with a basement level and nine stories above the ground. Located on the campus of California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena California, it is among the most densely instrumented buildings in the U.S. From the early dates of its construction, it has been the subject of many investigations, especially regarding soil-structure interaction effects. It is well accepted that the structure is significantly interacting with the surrounding soil, which implies that the true foundation input motions cannot be directly recorded during earthquakes because of inertial effects. Based on this limitation, input-output modal identification methods are not applicable to this soil-structure system. On the other hand, conventional output-only methods are typically based on the unknown input signals to be stationary whitenoise, which is not the case for earthquake excitations. Through the use of recently developed blind identification (i.e. output-only) methods, it has become possible to extract such information from only the response signals because of earthquake excitations. In the present study, we employ such a blind identification method to extract the modal properties of the Millikan Library. We present some modes that have not been identified from force vibration tests in several studies to date. Then, to quantify the contribution of soil-structure interaction effects, we first create a detailed Finite Element (FE) model using available information about the superstructure; and subsequently update the soil-foundation system's dynamic stiffnesses at each mode such that the modal properties of the entire soil-structure system agree well with those obtained via output-only modal identification. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Ghahari, S. F.; Abazarsa, F.; Taciroglu, E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Avci, O.] Qatar Univ, Dept Civil & Architectural Engn, Doha, Qatar. [Celebi, M.] USGS, MS977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Ghahari, SF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM ghahari@gmail.com RI Avci, Onur/L-9803-2015; OI Avci, Onur/0000-0003-0221-7126; Taciroglu, Ertugrul/0000-0001-9618-1210 FU California Geological Survey [1014-963]; California Department of Transportation [65A0450] FX The work presented in this manuscript was funded, in part, by the California Geological Survey (Contract No. 1014-963) and California Department of Transportation (Grant No. 65A0450). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring agencies. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1545-2255 EI 1545-2263 J9 STRUCT CONTROL HLTH JI Struct. Control. Health Monit. PD APR PY 2016 VL 23 IS 4 BP 684 EP 706 DI 10.1002/stc.1803 PG 23 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA DG7UK UT WOS:000372289000006 ER PT J AU Kovach, RP Luikart, G Lowe, WH Boyer, MC Muhlfeld, CC AF Kovach, Ryan P. Luikart, Gordon Lowe, Winsor H. Boyer, Matthew C. Muhlfeld, Clint C. TI Risk and efficacy of human-enabled interspecific hybridization for climate-change adaptation: response to Hamilton and Miller (2016) SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ADAPTIVE INTROGRESSION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; LOCAL ADAPTATION; GENETIC RESCUE; CONSERVATION; EVOLUTION; FITNESS; CONSEQUENCES; MANAGEMENT; GENOMICS C1 [Kovach, Ryan P.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk West Glacier, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Luikart, Gordon; Muhlfeld, Clint C.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Lowe, Winsor H.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Boyer, Matthew C.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. RP Kovach, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk West Glacier, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM rkovach@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 30 IS 2 BP 428 EP 430 DI 10.1111/cobi.12678 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DG8AK UT WOS:000372304600020 PM 26918487 ER PT J AU Dimitrov, KM Ramey, AM Qiu, XT Bahl, J Afonso, CL AF Dimitrov, Kiril M. Ramey, Andrew M. Qiu, Xueting Bahl, Justin Afonso, Claudio L. TI Temporal, geographic, and host distribution of avian paramyxovirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus) SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1); Newcastle disease virus (NDV); Distribution; Host; Virulence; Genotype ID LIVE-BIRD MARKETS; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; FUSION PROTEIN GENE; WILD BIRDS; HEMAGGLUTININ-NEURAMINIDASE; PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Newcastle disease is caused by virulent forms of avian paramyxovirus of serotype 1 (APMV-1) and has global economic importance. The disease reached panzootic proportions within two decades after first being identified in 1926 in the United Kingdom and Indonesia and still remains endemic in many countries across the world. Here we review information on the host, temporal, and geographic distribution of APMV-1 genetic diversity based on the evolutionary systematics of the complete coding region of the fusion gene. Strains of APMV-1 are phylogenetically separated into two classes (class I and class II) and further classified into genotypes based on genetic differences. Class I viruses are genetically less diverse, generally present in wild waterfowl, and are of low virulence. Class II viruses are genetically and phenotypically more diverse, frequently isolated from poultry with occasional spillovers into wild birds, and exhibit a wider range of virulence. Waterfowl, cormorants, and pigeons are natural reservoirs of all APMV-1 pathotypes, except viscerotropic velogenic viruses for which natural reservoirs have not been identified. Genotypes I and II within class II include isolates of high and low virulence, the latter often being used as vaccines. Viruses of genotypes III and IX that emerged decades ago are now isolated rarely, but may be found in domestic and wild birds in China. Containing only virulent viruses and responsible for the majority of recent outbreaks in poultry and wild birds, viruses from genotypes V, VI, and VII, are highly mobile and have been isolated on different continents. Conversely, virulent viruses of genotypes XI (Madagascar), XIII (mainly Southwest Asia), XVI (North America) and XIV, XVII and XVIII (Africa) appear to have a more limited geographic distribution and have been isolated predominantly from poultry. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dimitrov, Kiril M.; Afonso, Claudio L.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Ramey, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Qiu, Xueting; Bahl, Justin] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, 1200 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Dimitrov, KM; Afonso, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Kiril.Dimitrov@ars.usda.gov; Claudio.Afonso@ars.usda.gov OI Bahl, Justin/0000-0001-7572-4300; Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400 FU Department of State Biosecurity Engagement Program (BEP) [NDV 31063]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency Cooperative Biological Engagement Program, USDA/ARS [685/FRCALL 12-6-2-0005]; USDA CRIS [6612-32000-064-00D]; U.S. Geological Survey through Wildlife Program of the Ecosystems Mission area FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Patti Miller for her useful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the Department of State Biosecurity Engagement Program (BEP, NDV 31063), the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Cooperative Biological Engagement Program, USDA/ARS #685/FRCALL 12-6-2-0005, USDA CRIS 6612-32000-064-00D, and by the U.S. Geological Survey through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystems Mission area. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 153 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 39 BP 22 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.01.008 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA DG4DZ UT WOS:000372022700004 PM 26792710 ER PT J AU Hershberger, PK Gregg, JL Hart, LM Moffitt, S Brenner, R Stick, K Coonradt, E Otis, EO Vollenweider, JJ Garver, KA Lovy, J Meyers, TR AF Hershberger, P. K. Gregg, J. L. Hart, L. M. Moffitt, S. Brenner, R. Stick, K. Coonradt, E. Otis, E. O. Vollenweider, J. J. Garver, K. A. Lovy, J. Meyers, T. R. TI The parasite Ichthyophonus sp in Pacific herring from the coastal NE Pacific SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Ichthyophonus; Pacific herring ID SARDINOPS-SAGAX-NEOPILCHARDUS; FLOUNDER LIMANDA-FERRUGINEA; CLUPEA-PALLASI POPULATION; NOVA-SCOTIA SHELF; PUGET-SOUND; EPIZOOTIC MORTALITY; MASS MORTALITY; CHINOOK SALMON; HOFERI PLEHN; PILCHARD AB The protistan parasite Ichthyophonus occurred in populations of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii Valenciennes throughout coastal areas of the NE Pacific, ranging from Puget Sound, WA north to the Gulf of Alaska, AK. Infection prevalence in local Pacific herring stocks varied seasonally and annually, and a general pattern of increasing prevalence with host size and/or age persisted throughout the NE Pacific. An exception to this zoographic pattern occurred among a group of juvenile, age 1+ year Pacific herring from Cordova Harbor, AK in June 2010, which demonstrated an unusually high infection prevalence of 35%. Reasons for this anomaly were hypothesized to involve anthropogenic influences that resulted in locally elevated infection pressures. Interannual declines in infection prevalence from some populations (e.g. Lower Cook Inlet, AK; from 20-32% in 2007 to 0-3% during 2009-13) or from the largest size cohorts of other populations (e.g. Sitka Sound, AK; from 62.5% in 2007 to 19.6% in 2013) were likely a reflection of selective mortality among the infected cohorts. All available information for Ichthyophonus in the NE Pacific, including broad geographic range, low host specificity and presence in archived Pacific herring tissue samples dating to the 1980s, indicate a long-standing host-pathogen relationship. C1 [Hershberger, P. K.; Gregg, J. L.; Hart, L. M.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [Moffitt, S.; Brenner, R.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game ADF&G Commercial Fisherie, Cordova, AK USA. [Stick, K.] Reg 4 LaConner Dist Off, Fish Program, Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Conner, WA USA. [Coonradt, E.] ADF&G Commercial Fisheries, Sitka, AK USA. [Otis, E. O.] ADF&G Commercial Fisheries, Homer, AK USA. [Vollenweider, J. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK USA. [Garver, K. A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Lovy, J.] Off Fish & Wildlife Hlth & Forens, New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Oxford, NJ USA. [Meyers, T. R.] ADF&G Juneau Fish Pathol Lab, Juneau, AK USA. RP Hershberger, PK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM phershberger@usgs.gov FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [10100132-I]; Herring Conservation and Research Society; U.S. Geological Survey - Fisheries Program, Ecosystems Mission Area FX Funding was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Project # 10100132-I, the Herring Conservation and Research Society, and the U.S. Geological Survey - Fisheries Program, Ecosystems Mission Area. Technical support was provided by C. Pacheco, C. Grady, J. Word, R. Wade, S. Roon, S. Luis, C. Luk, N. Lewandowski, B. Tyler and M. Yanney (USGS - Marrowstone Marine Field Station). Sample collection from Canada was facilitated by L. Hammer (Herring Conservation and Research Society). Insights into the overwintering structure of British Columbia herring were provided by Dr. Doug Hay (DFO - Canada). Access to archived Pacific herring at the University of Washington Fish Collection was provided by Drs. T. Pietch and K. Pearson Maslenikov The use of trade, firm or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 EI 1365-2761 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD APR PY 2016 VL 39 IS 4 BP 395 EP 410 DI 10.1111/jfd.12370 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA DG8KZ UT WOS:000372334000001 PM 25828232 ER PT J AU Hart, LM Conway, CM Elliott, DG Hershberger, PK AF Hart, L. M. Conway, C. M. Elliott, D. G. Hershberger, P. K. TI Persistence of external signs in Pacific herring Clupea pallasii Valenciennes with ichthyophoniasis SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Clupea pallasii; external signs; histopathology; Ichthyophonus; Pacific herring ID VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; SWEDISH WEST-COAST; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; HOFERI; FISH; DISEASE; CELLS; SOUND; POPULATION; MORPHOLOGY AB The progression of external signs of Ichthyophonus infection in Pacific herring Clupea pallasii Valenciennes was highly variable and asynchronous after intraperitoneal injection with pure parasite preparations; however, external signs generally persisted through the end of the study (429days post-exposure). Observed signs included papules, erosions and ulcers. The prevalence of external signs plateaued 35days post-exposure and persisted in 73-79% of exposed individuals through the end of the first experiment (147days post-exposure). Among a second group of infected herring, external signs completely resolved in only 10% of the fish after 429days. The onset of mortality preceded the appearance of external signs. Histological examination of infected skin and skeletal muscle tissues indicated an apparent affinity of the parasite for host red muscle. Host responses consisted primarily of granulomatous inflammation, fibrosis and necrosis in the skeletal muscle and other tissues. The persistence and asynchrony of external signs and host response indicated that they were neither a precursor to host mortality nor did they provide reliable metrics for hindcasting on the date of exposure. However, the long-term persistence of clinical signs in Pacific herring may be useful in ascertaining the population-level impacts of ichthyophoniasis in regularly observed populations. C1 [Hart, L. M.; Hershberger, P. K.] US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [Conway, C. M.; Elliott, D. G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hart, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM lhart@usgs.gov FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [10100132-I]; Fisheries Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area of the U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Richard Kocan, University of Washington, for identification of Ichthyophonus morphological stages. Funding was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Project # 10100132-I and the Fisheries Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area of the U.S. Geological Survey. All experiments involving live animals were performed under approval of the U.S. Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center Institutional Animal Use and Care Committee (Protocol # 2008-20). The use of trade, firm or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of the Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 EI 1365-2761 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD APR PY 2016 VL 39 IS 4 BP 429 EP 440 DI 10.1111/jfd.12377 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA DG8KZ UT WOS:000372334000004 PM 25865489 ER PT J AU Jeremiason, JD Reiser, TK Weitz, RA Berndt, ME Aiken, GR AF Jeremiason, J. D. Reiser, T. K. Weitz, R. A. Berndt, M. E. Aiken, G. R. TI Aeshnid dragonfly larvae as bioindicators of methylmercury contamination in aquatic systems impacted by elevated sulfate loading SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Methylmercury; Dragonfly; Bioaccumulation; Dissolved organic carbon; Sulfate; Mining ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; MERCURY BIOACCUMULATION; METHYL MERCURY; HG METHYLATION; FOOD WEBS; BIOAVAILABILITY; MINNESOTA; CARBON; SPECIATION; STREAMS AB Methylmercury (MeHg) levels in dragonfly larvae and water were measured over two years in aquatic systems impacted to varying degrees by sulfate releases related to iron mining activity. This study examined the impact of elevated sulfate loads on MeHg concentrations and tested the use of MeHg in dragonfly larvae as an indicator of MeHg levels in a range of aquatic systems including 16 river/stream sites and two lakes. MeHg concentrations in aeshnid dragonfly larvae were positively correlated (R (2) = 0.46, p < 0.01) to peak MeHg concentrations in the dissolved phase for the combined years of 2012 and 2013. This relation was strong in 2012 (R (2) = 0.85, p < 0.01), but showed no correlation in 2013 (R (2) = 0.02, p > 0.05). MeHg in dragonfly larvae were not elevated at the highest sulfate sites, but rather the reverse was generally observed. Record rainfall events in 2012 and above average rainfall in 2013 likely delivered the majority of Hg and MeHg to these systems via interflow and activated groundwater flow through reduced sediments. As a result, the impacts of elevated sulfate releases due to mining activities were not apparent in these systems where little of the sulfate is reduced. Lower bioaccumulation factors for MeHg in aeshnid dragonfly larvae were observed with increasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. This finding is consistent with previous studies showing that MeHg in high DOC systems is less bioavailable; an equilibrium model shows that more MeHg being associated with DOC rather than algae at the base of the food chain readily explains the lower bioaccumulation factors. C1 [Jeremiason, J. D.; Reiser, T. K.; Weitz, R. A.] Gustavus Adolphus Coll, St Peter, MN 56082 USA. [Berndt, M. E.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, St Paul, MN USA. [Aiken, G. R.] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jeremiason, JD (reprint author), Gustavus Adolphus Coll, St Peter, MN 56082 USA. EM jjeremia@gustavus.edu FU Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Iron Ore Cooperative Research program; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Environmental Cooperative Research program; Clean Water Fund through Minnesota Pollution Control Agency; National Science Foundation [0923430]; Gustavus Adolphus College; U. S. Geological Survey Toxics Substances Hydrology Program FX We thank Joel Carlin, Megan Kelly, Benjamin Van Korff, Will Metcalf, and Derrick Berndt for assistance with larvae collection. Griffin Reed, Nevada Wendlandt, Amy Christiansen, Russell Kruger, Will Metcalf, and Tina Dahlseid processed and assisted with analyzing the larvae. Emily Seelen, Will Metcalf, and Signe Jeremiason assisted with identifying the larvae by family. Alison Agather, Michael Walker, Benjamin Van Korff, Bryan Voigt, Anna Huff, and Nathan Olson processed and analyzed THg and MeHg water samples. Kenna Butler provided analytical assistance. Travis Bavin, Bruce Monson, and Joel Carlin provided valuable technical assistance and suggestions. Funding was provided by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Iron Ore Cooperative Research program, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Environmental Cooperative Research program, the Clean Water Fund through the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, the National Science Foundation (Research award number 0923430), Gustavus Adolphus College, and the U. S. Geological Survey Toxics Substances Hydrology Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD APR PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 456 EP 468 DI 10.1007/s10646-015-1603-9 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DF8WA UT WOS:000371640000003 PM 26738880 ER PT J AU Pfleeger, AZ Eagles-Smith, CA Kowalski, BM Herring, G Willacker, JJ Jackson, AK Pierce, JR AF Pfleeger, Adam Z. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Kowalski, Brandon M. Herring, Garth Willacker, James J., Jr. Jackson, Allyson K. Pierce, John R. TI From tails to toes: developing nonlethal tissue indicators of mercury exposure in five amphibian species SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amphibian; Mercury; Non-lethal; Toe-clip; Tail-clip ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NONDESTRUCTIVE INDEXES; FOOD WEBS; CONTAMINATION; BIOACCUMULATION; ACCUMULATION; ECOSYSTEMS; WORLDWIDE; MUSCLE; LARVAE AB Exposure to environmental contaminants has been implicated as a factor in global amphibian decline. Mercury (Hg) is a particularly widespread contaminant that biomagnifies in amphibians and can cause a suite of deleterious effects. However, monitoring contaminant exposure in amphibian tissues may conflict with conservation goals if lethal take is required. Thus, there is a need to develop non-lethal tissue sampling techniques to quantify contaminant exposure in amphibians. Some minimally invasive sampling techniques, such as toe-clipping, are common in population-genetic research, but it is unclear if these methods can adequately characterize contaminant exposure. We examined the relationships between mercury (Hg) concentrations in non-lethally sampled tissues and paired whole-bodies in five amphibian species. Specifically, we examined the utility of three different tail-clip sections from four salamander species and toe-clips from one anuran species. Both tail and toe-clips accurately predicted whole-body THg concentrations, but the relationships differed among species and the specific tail-clip section or toe that was used. Tail-clips comprised of the distal 0-2 cm segment performed the best across all salamander species, explaining between 82 and 92 % of the variation in paired whole-body THg concentrations. Toe-clips were less effective predictors of frog THg concentrations, but THg concentrations in outer rear toes accounted for up to 79 % of the variability in frog whole-body THg concentrations. These findings suggest non-lethal sampling of tails and toes has potential applications for monitoring contaminant exposure and risk in amphibians, but care must be taken to ensure consistent collection and interpretation of samples. C1 [Pfleeger, Adam Z.; Jackson, Allyson K.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall,2820 SE Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Kowalski, Brandon M.; Herring, Garth; Willacker, James J., Jr.; Pierce, John R.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pfleeger, Adam Z.] Olymp Natl Pk,600 East Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. RP Eagles-Smith, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ceagles-smith@usgs.gov OI Willacker, James/0000-0002-6286-5224 FU U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area and Contaminant Biology Program within the Environmental Health Mission Area; U.S. National Park Service; National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI); Alaska Natural Heritage Program (AKNHP); Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) Wildlife Diversity Program; Oregon State University Fisheries and Wildlife Department FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area and Contaminant Biology Program within the Environmental Health Mission Area, the U.S. National Park Service, National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI), Alaska Natural Heritage Program (AKNHP), Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) Wildlife Diversity Program, and Oregon State University Fisheries and Wildlife Department. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Logistical support was provided by Steven Fradkin, Bill Baccus and the mountain lakes crew from Olympic National Park, Barbara Samora of Mount Rainer National Park, Bob Danehy of NCASI, and B. Logan and T. Cady from Tongass National Forest. We thank Jack Landers, Kiira Siitari, Branden Johnson, Dan Howard, Stephanie James, Erin Kunisch, Mason Wagner, Colleen Emery, Jim Randolph, Kelly Walton, M. Kohan, Tim Nawrocki, and M. Snively for field and lab assistance. This manuscript was improved with the helpful comments of Steve Fradkin, Tiffany Garcia, Martin Fitzpatrick, and two anonymous reviewers. Amphibian care and use collection protocols were conducted under Oregon State University IACUC #4368, University of Alaska Anchorage IACUC #473406-1, National Park Service Scientific Research and Collecting Permit #MORA-2012-SCI-0013, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Scientific Collection permit #086-12, and Alaska State Fish Resource Permit # SF2013-241. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD APR PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 574 EP 583 DI 10.1007/s10646-016-1616-z PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DF8WA UT WOS:000371640000015 PM 26826095 ER PT J AU Iwanowicz, D Black, MC Blazer, VS Zappia, H Bryant, W AF Iwanowicz, D. Black, M. C. Blazer, V. S. Zappia, H. Bryant, W. TI Effects of urban land-use on largescale stonerollers in the Mobile River Basin, Birmingham, AL SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomarkers; Largescale stoneroller; Campostoma; Liver glutathione; Urban land-use gradient (ULUG) ID UNITED-STATES; CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS; DOSE-RESPONSES; FISH; STREAM; GLUTATHIONE; APOPTOSIS; HEALTH; URBANIZATION; ACCUMULATION AB During the spring and fall of 2001 and the spring of 2002 a study was conducted to evaluate the health of the largescale stoneroller (Campostoma oligolepis) populations in streams along an urban land-use gradient. Sites were selected from a pool of naturally similar sub-basins (eco-region, basin size, and geology) of the Mobile River basin (MRB), using an index of urban intensity derived from infrastructure, socioeconomic, and land-use data. This urban land-use gradient (ULUG) is a multimetric indicator of urban intensity, ranging from 0 (background) to 100 (intense urbanization). Campostoma sp. have been used previously as indicators of stream health and are common species found in all sites within the MRB. Endpoints used to determine the effects of urban land-use on the largescale stoneroller included total glutathione, histology, hepatic apoptosis, condition factor and external lesions. Liver glutathione levels were positively associated with increasing urban land-use (r(2) = 0.94). Histopathological examination determined that some abnormalities and lesions were correlated with the ULUG and generally increased in prevalence or severity with increasing urbanization. Liver macrophage aggregates were positively correlated to the ULUG. The occurrence of nucleosomal ladders (indicating apoptotic cell death) did not correspond with urban intensity in a linear fashion. Apoptosis, as well as prevalence and severity of a myxozoan parasite, appeared to have a hormetic dose-response relationship. The majority of the biomarkers suggested fish health was compromised in areas where the ULUG a parts per thousand yen 36. C1 [Iwanowicz, D.; Blazer, V. S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Black, M. C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 150 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Zappia, H.] Ctr Threat Preparedness, 2007 Riffee Ridge, Given, WV 25425 USA. [Bryant, W.] CK Associates Environm Consultants, 17170 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70810 USA. RP Iwanowicz, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM diwanowicz@usgs.gov NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD APR PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 608 EP 621 DI 10.1007/s10646-016-1620-3 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DF8WA UT WOS:000371640000019 PM 26892787 ER PT J AU Andersen, DC Stricker, CA Nelson, SM AF Andersen, Douglas C. Stricker, Craig A. Nelson, S. Mark TI Wood decay in desert riverine environments SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Decomposition; Dryland river; Floodplain forest; Nitrogen; Riparian; Woody debris ID FLOODPLAIN FORESTS; DEAD WOOD; MEDITERRANEAN RIVER; DECOMPOSITION RATES; INCISITERMES-MINOR; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; RIPARIAN FOREST; COLORADO RIVER; ORGANIC-CARBON; CHANNEL CHANGE AB Floodplain forests and the woody debris they produce are major components of riverine ecosystems in many arid and semiarid regions (drylands). We monitored breakdown and nitrogen dynamics in wood and bark from a native riparian tree, Fremont cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. wislizeni), along four North American desert streams. We placed locally-obtained, fresh, coarse material [disks or cylinders (similar to 500-2000 cm(3))] along two cold-desert and two warm-desert rivers in the Colorado River Basin. Material was placed in both floodplain and aquatic environments, and left in situ for up to 12 years. We tested the hypothesis that breakdown would be fastest in relatively warm and moist aerobic environments by comparing the time required for 50% loss of initial ash-free dry matter (T-50) calculated using exponential decay models incorporating a lag term. In cold-desert sites (Green and Yampa rivers, Colorado), disks of wood with bark attached exposed for up to 12 years in locations rarely inundated lost mass at a slower rate (T-50 = 34 yr) than in locations inundated during most spring floods (T-50 = 12 yr). At the latter locations, bark alone loss mass at a rate initially similar to whole disks (T-50 = 13 yr), but which subsequently slowed. In warm-desert sites monitored for 3 years, cylinders of wood with bark removed lost mass very slowly (T-50 = 60 yr) at a location never inundated (Bill Williams River, Arizona), whereas decay rate varied among aquatic locations (T-50 = 20 yr in Bill Williams River; T-50 = 3 yr in Las Vegas Wash, an effluent-dominated stream warmed by treated wastewater inflows). Invertebrates had a minor role in wood breakdown except at in-stream locations in Las Vegas Wash. The presence and form of change in nitrogen content during exposure varied among riverine environments. Our results suggest woody debris breakdown in desert riverine ecosystems is primarily a microbial process with rates determined by landscape position, local weather, and especially the regional climate through its effect on the flow regime. The increased warmth and aridity expected to accompany climate change in the North American southwest will likely retard the already slow wood decay process on naturally functioning desert river floodplains. Our results have implications for designing environmental flows to manage floodplain forest wood budgets, carbon storage, and nutrient cycling along regulated dryland rivers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Andersen, Douglas C.; Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Nelson, S. Mark] Bur Reclamat, 86-68220,POB 25007, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Andersen, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM doug_andersen@usgs.gov RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Bureau of Reclamation FX This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, with additional support from the Bureau of Reclamation. I thank Dave Walters (USGS) for key support, Pat Shafroth, Dick Gilbert, Stan Culling, and Chris Holdren for logistical support, Jason Eckberg for furnishing cottonwood from Las Vegas Wash, Courtney Walz for assistance on Bill. Williams, and Rick Wydoski for assistance on the Green and Yampa. Kevin Bloom and Suzanne Brenimer helped in the lab. Comments by Greg Auble and several anonymous reviewers helped us improve the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 91 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 365 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.01.023 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DF9AJ UT WOS:000371652300008 ER PT J AU Assal, TJ Anderson, PJ Sibold, J AF Assal, Timothy J. Anderson, Patrick J. Sibold, Jason TI Spatial and temporal trends of drought effects in a heterogeneous semi-arid forest ecosystem SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat time-series; Temporal trend analysis; Drought effects; Forest-shrubland ecotone; Rocky Mountain forests ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; INDUCED TREE MORTALITY; LEAF-AREA INDEX; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; TIME-SERIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BARK BEETLE; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS; VEGETATION INDEXES; LANDSAT IMAGERY AB Drought has long been recognized as a driving mechanism in the forests of western North America and drought-induced mortality has been documented across genera in recent years. Given the frequency of these events are expected to increase in the future, understanding patterns of mortality and plant response to severe drought is important to resource managers. Drought can affect the functional, physiological, structural, and demographic properties of forest ecosystems. Remote sensing studies have documented changes in forest properties due to direct and indirect effects of drought; however, few studies have addressed this at local scales needed to characterize highly heterogeneous ecosystems in the forest-shrubland ecotone. We analyzed a 22-year Landsat time series (1985-2012) to determine changes in forest in an area that experienced a relatively dry decade punctuated by two years of extreme drought. We assessed the relationship between several vegetation indices and field measured characteristics (e.g. plant area index and canopy gap fraction) and applied these indices to trend analysis to uncover the location, direction and timing of change. Finally, we assessed the interaction of climate and topography by forest functional type. The Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), a measure of canopy water content, had the strongest correlation with short-term field measures of plant area index (R-2 = 0.64) and canopy gap fraction (R-2 = 0.65). Over the entire time period, 25% of the forested area experienced a significant (p-value < 0.05) negative trend in NDMI, compared to less than 10% in a positive trend. Coniferous forests were more likely to be associated with a negative NDMI trend than deciduous forest. Forests on southern aspects were least likely to exhibit a negative trend while north aspects were most prevalent. Field plots with a negative trend had a lower live density, and higher amounts of standing dead and down trees compared to plots with no trend. Our analysis identifies spatially explicit patterns of long-term trends anchored with ground based evidence to highlight areas of forest that are resistant, persistent or vulnerable to severe drought. The results provide a long-term perspective for the resource management of this area and can be applied to similar ecosystems throughout western North. America. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Assal, Timothy J.; Anderson, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Assal, Timothy J.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, 1401 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sibold, Jason] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anthropol, 1787 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Assal, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM assalt@usgs.gov OI Assal, Timothy/0000-0001-6342-2954 FU USGS Fort Collins Science Center; Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative FX This research was supported by the USGS Fort Collins Science Center and the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative. Logistical support was provided by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department and Bureau of Land Management Rock Springs Field Office. We gratefully acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their comments that helped to improve the manuscript. We thank Zachary Bowen, Geneva Chong, Daniel Manier, Alexandra Urza, and Marie Dematatis for discussion on research direction and/or assistance in collection of field data and Anne and Jim Assal for their contributions to data entry. NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 16 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 365 BP 137 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.01.017 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DF9AJ UT WOS:000371652300013 ER PT J AU Ramey, AM Walther, P Link, P Poulson, RL Wilcox, BR Newsome, G Spackman, E Brown, JD Stallknecht, DE AF Ramey, A. M. Walther, P. Link, P. Poulson, R. L. Wilcox, B. R. Newsome, G. Spackman, E. Brown, J. D. Stallknecht, D. E. TI Optimizing Surveillance for South American Origin Influenza A Viruses Along the United States Gulf Coast Through Genomic Characterization of Isolates from Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors) SO TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Anas discors; avian influenza; blue-winged teal; influenza A; North America; South America; surveillance; waterfowl ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; HEMAGGLUTININ SUBTYPES; NORTH-AMERICA; WILD BIRDS; RT-PCR; WATERFOWL; ALASKA; DUCKS; ARGENTINA; EXCHANGE AB Relative to research focused on inter-continental viral exchange between Eurasia and North America, less attention has been directed towards understanding the redistribution of influenza A viruses (IAVs) by wild birds between North America and South America. In this study, we genomically characterized 45 viruses isolated from blue-winged teal (Anas discors) along the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast during March of 2012 and 2013, coincident with northward migration of this species from Neotropical wintering areas to breeding grounds in the United States and Canada. No evidence of South American lineage genes was detected in IAVs isolated from blue-winged teal supporting restricted viral gene flow between the United States and southern South America. However, it is plausible that blue-winged teal redistribute IAVs between North American breeding grounds and wintering areas throughout the Neotropics, including northern South America, and that viral gene flow is limited by geographical barriers further south (e.g. the Amazon Basin). Surveillance for the introduction of IAVs from Central America and northern South America into the United States may be further optimized through genomic characterization of viruses resulting from coordinated, concurrent sampling efforts targeting blue-winged teal and sympatric species throughout the Neotropics and along the United States Gulf Coast. C1 [Ramey, A. M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ramey, A. M.; Poulson, R. L.; Wilcox, B. R.; Brown, J. D.; Stallknecht, D. E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Walther, P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Texas Chenier Plain Refuge Complex, Anahuac, TX USA. [Link, P.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Newsome, G.] City Beaumont Wastewater Treatment Plant, Beaumont, TX USA. [Spackman, E.] USDA ARS, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Ramey, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM aramey@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH); Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN 266200700007C] FX We are grateful to many biologists and volunteers for their assistance with captures including P. Pauling, P. Oesterle, W. Broussard, A. Fojtik, D. Carter, J. Slagter, N. Davis-Fields, J. Starr, J. LaCour, J. Gray and K. DeMarco. We thank the City of Beaumont, Texas, for access to Cattail Marsh for captures conducted in 2012 and 2013. We appreciate assistance provided by J. Terenzi with the creation of Fig. 2. Reviews provided by K. McCracken, J. Pearce, C. Lebarbenchon and two anonymous reviewers were used to improve the quality of this manuscript. Administrative support was provided by J. Pearce, T. DeGange, P. Bright, K. Briggs and S. Gross. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area and by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Department of Health and Human Services under contract HHSN 266200700007C. The opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the latter two funding agencies. None of the authors have any financial interests or conflict of interest with this article. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1865-1674 EI 1865-1682 J9 TRANSBOUND EMERG DIS JI Transbound. Emerg. Dis. PD APR PY 2016 VL 63 IS 2 BP 194 EP 202 DI 10.1111/tbed.12244 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA DF9ZJ UT WOS:000371720900025 PM 25056712 ER PT J AU Khan, NA Engle, M Dungan, B Holguin, FO Xu, P Carroll, KC AF Khan, Naima A. Engle, Mark Dungan, Barry Holguin, F. Omar Xu, Pei Carroll, Kenneth C. TI Volatile-organic molecular characterization of shale-oil produced water from the Permian Basin SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Produced water; Shale oil; Hydraulic fracturing; Permian Basin; Gas chromatography mass spectrometry; Volatile organic ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE PHOTOIONIZATION; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS APPROACH; FIELD PRODUCED WATERS; EASTERN NEW-MEXICO; GAS PRODUCED WATER; HEAVY CRUDE OILS; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITIONS; PALO-DURO AB Growth in unconventional oil and gas has spurred concerns on environmental impact and interest in beneficial uses of produced water (PW), especially in arid regions such as the Permian Basin, the largest U.S. tight-oil producer. To evaluate environmental impact, treatment, and reuse potential, there is a need to characterize the compositional variability of PW. Although hydraulic fracturing has caused a significant increase in shale-oil production, there are no high-resolution organic composition data for the shale-oil PW from the Permian Basin or other shale-oil plays (Eagle Ford, Bakken, etc.). PW was collected from shale-oil wells in the Midland sub-basin of the Permian Basin. Molecular characterization was conducted using high-resolution solid phase micro extraction gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Approximately 1400 compounds were identified, and 327 compounds had a >70% library match. PW contained alkane, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene), alkyl benzenes, propyl-benzene, and naphthalene. PW also contained heteroatomic compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. 3D van Krevelen and double bond equivalence versus carbon number analyses were used to evaluate molecular variability. Source composition, as well as solubility, controlled the distribution of volatile compounds found in shale-oil PW. The salinity also increased with depth, ranging from 105 to 162 g/L total dissolved solids. These data fill a gap for shale-oil PW composition, the associated petroleomics plots provide a fingerprinting framework, and the results for the Permian shale-oil PW suggest that partial treatment of suspended solids and organics would support some beneficial uses such as onsite reuse and bio-energy production. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Khan, Naima A.; Dungan, Barry; Holguin, F. Omar; Xu, Pei; Carroll, Kenneth C.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Engle, Mark] US Geol Survey, El Paso, TX USA. RP Carroll, KC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM kccarr@nmsu.edu RI Carroll, Kenneth/H-5160-2011; OI Carroll, Kenneth/0000-0003-2097-9589; Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374 FU New Mexico State University Office of the Vice President for Research; U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program; Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America [11122-53] FX This work was supported by the New Mexico State University Office of the Vice President for Research, the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program, and the Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America (Subcontract #11122-53). Anonymous reviewer comments were appreciated and improved the clarity of this work. The authors would like to thank the numerous oil and gas operators that provided access to sample their wells, valuable insight into their operations, and necessary data. We also thank Barbara Hunter, Nilusha Appuhamilage, and Zack Stoll for their assistance. Disclaimer - use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 25 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD APR PY 2016 VL 148 BP 126 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.116 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF1KX UT WOS:000371099700016 PM 26802271 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Schumacher, W Gara, B Viau, N AF Stapanian, Martin A. Schumacher, William Gara, Brian Viau, Nick TI Mosses in Ohio wetlands respond to indices of disturbance and vascular plant integrity SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Mosses; Species richness; Quality assessment index; Wetlands; Probability of species presence; Coefficient of conservatism ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; VEGETATION INDEX; PRODUCTIVITY; DOMINANCE; DIVERSITY; STREAMS; METRICS; FOREST AB We examined the relationships between an index of wetland habitat quality and disturbance (ORAM score) and an index of vascular plant integrity (VIBI-FQ score) with moss species richness and a moss quality assessment index (MQAI) in 45 wetlands in three vegetation types in Ohio, USA. Species richness of mosses and MQAI were positively associated with ORAM and VIBI-FQ scores. VIBI-FQ score was a better predictor of both moss species richness and MQAI than was either ORAM score or vegetation type. This result was consistent with the strict microhabitat requirements for many moss species, which may be better assessed by VIBI-FQ than ORAM. Probability curves as a function of VIBI-FQ score were then generated for presence of groups of moss species having the same degree of fidelity to substrate and plant communities relative to other species in the moss flora (coefficients of conservatism, CCs). Species having an intermediate- or high degree of fidelity to substrate and plant communities (i.e., species with CC >= 5) had a 50% probability of presence (P-50) and 90% probability of presence (P-90) in wetlands with intermediate- and high VIBI-FQ scores, respectively. Although moss species richness, probability of presence of species based on CC, and MQAI may reflect wetland habitat quality, the 95% confidence intervals around P-50 and P-90 values may be too wide for regulatory use. Moss species richness, MQAI, and presence of groups of mosses may be more useful for evaluating moss habitat quality in wetlands than a set of "indicator species." Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Schumacher, William; Gara, Brian; Viau, Nick] Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, 4675 Homer Ohio Lane, Groveport, OH 43125 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD APR PY 2016 VL 63 BP 110 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.11.047 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8SC UT WOS:000370906000012 ER PT J AU Spromberg, JA Baldwin, DH Damm, SE McIntyre, JK Huff, M Sloan, CA Anulacion, BF Davis, JW Scholz, NL AF Spromberg, Julann A. Baldwin, David H. Damm, Steven E. McIntyre, Jenifer K. Huff, Michael Sloan, Catherine A. Anulacion, Bernadita F. Davis, Jay W. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Coho salmon spawner mortality in western US urban watersheds: bioinfiltration prevents lethal storm water impacts SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE habitat restoration; non-point source pollution; Pacific salmon; run-off; storm water; urban ecology; urban streams ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; CRUDE-OIL; LAND-USE; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SOIL BIORETENTION; PUGET-SOUND; RUNOFF; EXPOSURE; GROWTH AB Adult coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch return each autumn to freshwater spawning habitats throughout western North America. The migration coincides with increasing seasonal rainfall, which in turn increases storm water run-off, particularly in urban watersheds with extensive impervious land cover. Previous field assessments in urban stream networks have shown that adult coho are dying prematurely at high rates (>50%). Despite significant management concerns for the long-term conservation of threatened wild coho populations, a causal role for toxic run-off in the mortality syndrome has not been demonstrated. We exposed otherwise healthy coho spawners to: (i) artificial storm water containing mixtures of metals and petroleum hydrocarbons, at or above concentrations previously measured in urban run-off; (ii) undiluted storm water collected from a high traffic volume urban arterial road (i.e. highway run-off); and (iii) highway run-off that was first pre-treated via bioinfiltration through experimental soil columns to remove pollutants. We find that mixtures of metals and petroleum hydrocarbons - conventional toxic constituents in urban storm water - are not sufficient to cause the spawner mortality syndrome. By contrast, untreated highway run-off collected during nine distinct storm events was universally lethal to adult coho relative to unexposed controls. Lastly, the mortality syndrome was prevented when highway run-off was pretreated by soil infiltration, a conventional green storm water infrastructure technology. Our results are the first direct evidence that: (i) toxic run-off is killing adult coho in urban watersheds, and (ii) inexpensive mitigation measures can improve water quality and promote salmon survival.Synthesis and applications. Coho salmon, an iconic species with exceptional economic and cultural significance, are an ecological sentinel for the harmful effects of untreated urban run-off. Wild coho populations cannot withstand the high rates of mortality that are now regularly occurring in urban spawning habitats. Green storm water infrastructure or similar pollution prevention methods should be incorporated to the maximal extent practicable, at the watershed scale, for all future development and redevelopment projects, particularly those involving transportation infrastructure. Coho salmon, an iconic species with exceptional economic and cultural significance, are an ecological sentinel for the harmful effects of untreated urban run-off. Wild coho populations cannot withstand the high rates of mortality that are now regularly occurring in urban spawning habitats. Green storm water infrastructure or similar pollution prevention methods should be incorporated to the maximal extent practicable, at the watershed scale, for all future development and redevelopment projects, particularly those involving transportation infrastructure. Editor's Choice C1 [Spromberg, Julann A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ocean Associates, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Baldwin, David H.; Sloan, Catherine A.; Anulacion, Bernadita F.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Damm, Steven E.; Davis, Jay W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr S-E, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [McIntyre, Jenifer K.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 2606 W Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Huff, Michael] Suquamish Tribe, POB 498,18490 Suquamish Way, Suquamish, WA 98392 USA. RP Scholz, NL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM nathaniel.scholz@noaa.gov RI feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012; OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368; Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU NOAA Coastal Storms Program (National Ocean Service, Coastal Services Center); U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service; Puget Sound's Regional Stormwater Monitoring Programme (RSMP); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 FX We appreciate the technical assistance of Allisan Beck, Richard Edmunds, Tony Gill, Emma Mudrock, Tiffany Linbo, Kate Macneale, Jana Labenia, Mark Tagal, Frank Sommers, Gina Ylitalo, Daryle Boyd, Barb French, Ann England, Karen Peck, MaryJean Willis, Cathy Laetz, Sylvia Charles, William Alexander, Ben Purser, Corey Oster, Luke Williams and the Kitsap Poggie Club. This study received agency funding from the NOAA Coastal Storms Program (National Ocean Service, Coastal Services Center), the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, the Puget Sound's Regional Stormwater Monitoring Programme (RSMP as administered by the WA State Dept. of Ecology), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10. Lastly, we appreciate the helpful suggestions of two anonymous reviewers. Findings and conclusions herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the sponsoring organizations. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 14 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 53 IS 2 BP 398 EP 407 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12534 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE9LN UT WOS:000370959100012 ER PT J AU Huckleberry, G Ferguson, TJ Rittenour, T Banet, C Mahan, S AF Huckleberry, Gary Ferguson, T. J. Rittenour, Tammy Banet, Christopher Mahan, Shannon TI Identification and dating of indigenous water storage reservoirs along the Rio San Jose at Laguna Pueblo, western New Mexico, USA SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Laguna Pueblo; Reservoirs; Luminescence; Stratigraphy ID LUMINESCENCE; IRRIGATION; SINGLE; RADIOCARBON; QUARTZ; SOUTHWEST; AGES AB An investigation into indigenous water storage on the Rio San Jose in western New Mexico was conducted in support of efforts by the Pueblo of Laguna to adjudicate their water rights. Here we focus on stratigraphy and geochronology of two Native American-constructed reservoirs. One reservoir located near the community of Casa Blanca was formed by a similar to 600 m (2000 feet) long stone masonry dam that impounded similar to 1.6 x 10(6) m(3) (similar to 1300 acre-feet) of stored water. Four optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages obtained on reservoir deposits indicate that the dam was constructed prior to AD 1825. The other reservoir is located adjacent to Old Laguna Pueblo and contains only a small remnant of its former earthen dam. The depth and distribution of reservoir deposits and a photogrammetric analyses of relict shorelines indicate a storage capacity of similar to 6.5 x 10(6) m(3) (similar to 5300 ac-ft). OSL ages from above and below the base of the reservoir indicate that the reservoir was constructed sometime after AD 1370 but before AD 1750. The results of our investigation are consistent with Laguna oral history and Spanish accounts demonstrating indigenous construction of significant water-storage reservoirs on the Rio San Jose prior to the late nineteenth century. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Huckleberry, Gary] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, 1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ferguson, T. J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Anthropol, POB 210030, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Rittenour, Tammy] Utah State Univ, Dept Geol, 4505 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Banet, Christopher] Bur Indian Affairs, Southwest Reg Off, 1001 Indian Sch Rd NW, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [Mahan, Shannon] US Geol Survey, Luminescence Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046 MS 974,2nd & Ctr,Bldg 15, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Huckleberry, G (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, 1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ghuck@email.arizona.edu; tjf@email.arizona.edu; tammy.rittenour@usu.edu; christopher.banet@bia.gov; smahan@usgs.gov OI Banet, Christopher/0000-0003-4126-5497; Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 FU Laguna Pueblo Council FX We thank Governors Richard Luarkie and Virgil Siow and the Laguna Pueblo Council for supporting our research. The Jordan Law Firm, United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Indian Affairs, DOWL HKM, Keller-Bliesner Engineering, and Richard Flint provided important assistance. We also thank the members of the Pueblo of Laguna who participated in our field research. Comments of two anonymous reviewers and the editor helped improve an earlier version of this paper. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2016 VL 127 BP 171 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.11.004 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8NW UT WOS:000370893900019 ER PT J AU Komatsu, G Okubo, CH Wray, JJ Ojha, L Cardinale, M Murana, A Orosei, R Chan, MA Ormo, J Gallagher, R AF Komatsu, Goro Okubo, Chris H. Wray, James J. Ojha, Lujendra Cardinale, Marco Murana, Alessio Orosei, Roberto Chan, Marjorie A. Ormoe, Jens Gallagher, Ronnie TI Small edifice features in Chryse Planitia, Mars: Assessment of a mud volcano hypothesis SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, surface; Geological processes; Volcanism; Spectroscopy; Astrobiology ID MASS-TRANSPORT COMPLEXES; NORTHERN PLAINS; ACIDALIA PLANITIA; ANCIENT OCEAN; METHANE; IMPACT; MISSION; BASIN; FLOW; ICE AB Small edifice features that are less than a few kilometers in diameter and up to a few hundred meters in height are widely distributed in Chryse Planitia on Mars. They exhibit a broad range of morphological properties that are here classified as Type 1 (steep-sided cones typically with a summit crater), Type 2 (nearly flat features with single or multiple central/summit craters or cones) and Type 3 (nearly circular features in plan view, characterized by steep sides and a broadly flat summit area). Their origins have not been determined with certainty, but our study utilizing the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images supports the interpretation of mud volcanism, based on the observed morphological characteristics of these small edifices and comparisons with terrestrial analogs. Additionally, hydrated minerals detected on these edifice features in data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM), further support the mud volcano hypothesis. Injection features such as clastic mega-pipes and sand blow features may coexist with the mud volcanoes. Alternative mechanisms such as magmatic volcanism are not excluded, but they have less support from our remote sensing observations. Further confirmation or rejection of the mud volcano hypothesis will require in-situ investigation by landers or rovers. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Komatsu, Goro; Cardinale, Marco; Murana, Alessio] Univ G DAnnunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, Viale Pindaro 42, I-65127 Pescara, Italy. [Okubo, Chris H.] US Geol Survey, 1541 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wray, James J.; Ojha, Lujendra] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Cardinale, Marco] Univ G DAnnunzio, Dipartimento Sci Psicol Umanist & Terr, Via Vestini 31, I-66013 Chieti, Italy. [Orosei, Roberto] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Ist Radioastron, Via Piero Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Chan, Marjorie A.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, 115 S 1460 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Ormoe, Jens] Inst Nacl Tecn Aeroespacial, Ctr Astrobiol INTA CSIC, Ctra Torrejon Ajalvir,Km 4, Madrid 28850, Spain. [Gallagher, Ronnie] C-O 170 Gardner Dr, Aberdeen AB12 5SA, Scotland. RP Komatsu, G (reprint author), Univ G DAnnunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, Viale Pindaro 42, I-65127 Pescara, Italy. EM goro@irsps.unich.it RI Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Komatsu, Goro/I-7822-2012 OI Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Komatsu, Goro/0000-0003-4155-108X FU Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [ESP2014-59789-P] FX We appreciate Prof. Akper Feyzullayev and Jeyhun Pashayev for fruitful discussions on mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan, and Orhan Abbasov for the names of mud volcanoes in the country. We thank Jim Skinner and James Dohm for their constructive review comments, which greatly improved our manuscript. Comments from Colin Dundas, Ryan Anderson, Janet Richie and Jen Blue were also helpful. The work by J. Ormo was supported by grant ESP2014-59789-P from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. NR 110 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD APR PY 2016 VL 268 BP 56 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.12.032 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DD9AN UT WOS:000370218100006 ER PT J AU Wang, YS DeAngelis, DL AF Wang, Yuanshi DeAngelis, Donald L. TI Stability of an intraguild predation system with mutual predation SO COMMUNICATIONS IN NONLINEAR SCIENCE AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE Lattice gas model; Parasitism; Competition; Mutualism; Persistence ID SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LATTICE MODEL; PREY; EVOLUTION AB We examine intraguild predation (IGP), in which species both compete for resources or space and prey on each other. The IGP system is modeled here by a lattice gas model of the mean-field theory. First, we consider the IGP system of one species in which individuals of the same species cannibalize each other. The dynamical behavior of the model demonstrates a mechanism by which the intraspecific predation promotes persistence of the species. Then we consider the IGP system of two species with mutual predation. Global dynamics of the model exhibit basic properties of IGP: (i) When both species' efficiencies in converting the consumptions into fitness are large, the outcome of their interaction is mutualistic in form and the IGP promotes persistence of both species. (ii) When one species' efficiency is large but the other's is small, the interaction outcomes become parasitic in nature, in which an obligate species can survive through the mutual predation with a facultative one. (iii) When both species' efficiencies are small, the interaction outcomes are competitive in nature and the IGP leads to extinction of one of the species. A novel result of this work is that varying one parameter or population density of the species can lead to transition of interaction outcomes between mutualism, parasitism and competition. On the other hand, dynamics of the models demonstrate that over-predation or under-predation will result in extinction of one/both species, while intermediate predation is favorable under certain parameter ranges. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Yuanshi] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Math & Computat Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Wang, YS (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Math & Computat Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM mcswys@mail.sysu.edu.cn FU US Geological Survey Southeastern Ecological Science Center; NSF of Guangdong [S2012010010320]; NSFC of People's Republic of China [11571382] FX We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. D. L. DeAngelis acknowledges the support of the US Geological Survey Southeastern Ecological Science Center. This work was supported by NSF of Guangdong S2012010010320 and NSFC of People's Republic of China (No. 11571382). NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1007-5704 EI 1878-7274 J9 COMMUN NONLINEAR SCI JI Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. PD APR PY 2016 VL 33 BP 141 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.cnsns.2015.09.004 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA CW4UQ UT WOS:000364992500012 ER PT J AU Ramey, AM Pearce, JM Reeves, AB Poulson, RL Dobson, J Lefferts, B Spragens, K Stallknecht, DE AF Ramey, Andrew M. Pearce, John M. Reeves, Andrew B. Poulson, Rebecca L. Dobson, Jennifer Lefferts, Brian Spragens, Kyle Stallknecht, David E. TI Surveillance for Eurasian-origin and intercontinental reassortant highly pathogenic influenza A viruses in Alaska, spring and summer 2015 SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Alaska; H5N1; H5N2; H5N8; Highly pathogenic; Influenza; Migratory bird; Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta ID NORTH-AMERICA; WILD BIRDS; H5N8; WATERFOWL; DUCKS; GENE; USA AB Background: Eurasian-origin and intercontinental reassortant highly pathogenic (HP) influenza A viruses (IAVs) were first detected in North America in wild, captive, and domestic birds during November-December 2014. Detections of HP viruses in wild birds in the contiguous United States and southern Canadian provinces continued into winter and spring of 2015 raising concerns that migratory birds could potentially disperse viruses to more northerly breeding areas where they could be maintained to eventually seed future poultry outbreaks. Results: We sampled 1,129 wild birds on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, one of the largest breeding areas for waterfowl in North America, during spring and summer of 2015 to test for Eurasian lineage and intercontinental reassortant HP H5 IAVs and potential progeny viruses. We did not detect HP IAVs in our sample collection from western Alaska; however, we isolated five low pathogenic (LP) viruses. Four isolates were of the H6N1 (n = 2), H6N2, and H9N2 combined subtypes whereas the fifth isolate was a mixed infection that included H3 and N7 gene segments. Genetic characterization of these five LP IAVs isolated from cackling (Branta hutchinsii; n = 2) and greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons; n = 3), revealed three viral gene segments sharing high nucleotide identity with HP H5 viruses recently detected in North America. Additionally, one of the five isolates was comprised of multiple Eurasian lineage gene segments. Conclusions: Our results did not provide direct evidence for circulation of HP IAVs in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region of Alaska during spring and summer of 2015. Prevalence and genetic characteristics of LP IAVs during the sampling period are concordant with previous findings of relatively low viral prevalence in geese during spring, non-detection of IAVs in geese during summer, and evidence for intercontinental exchange of viruses in western Alaska. C1 [Ramey, Andrew M.; Pearce, John M.; Reeves, Andrew B.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Poulson, Rebecca L.; Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Dept Populat Hlth, 589 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Dobson, Jennifer; Lefferts, Brian] Yukon Kuskokwim Hlth Corp, 900 Chief Eddie Hoffman Highway, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. [Spragens, Kyle] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Spragens, Kyle] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, 807 Chief Eddie Hoffman Highway, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. RP Ramey, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM aramey@usgs.gov OI Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystems Mission area; Contaminant Biology Program of the Environmental Health Mission area; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN272201400006C] FX This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystems Mission area, the Contaminant Biology Program of the Environmental Health Mission area, and by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under contract HHSN272201400006C. The funding agencies were not involved in the design, implementation, or publishing of this study and the research presented herein represents the opinions of the authors, but not necessarily the opinions of the funding agencies, except for the USGS. This report was reviewed and approved by USGS under the Fundamental Science Practices policy (http://www.usgs.gov/fsp/). NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD MAR 31 PY 2016 VL 13 AR 55 DI 10.1186/s12985-016-0511-9 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA DI1OK UT WOS:000373265200002 PM 27036114 ER PT J AU Jachowski, DS Rota, CT Dobony, CA Ford, WM Edwards, JW AF Jachowski, David S. Rota, Christopher T. Dobony, Christopher A. Ford, W. Mark Edwards, John W. TI Seeing the Forest through the Trees: Considering Roost-Site Selection at Multiple Spatial Scales SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ENDANGERED INDIANA BAT; WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; MYOTIS-SODALIS; RESOURCE SELECTION; INSECTIVOROUS BAT; CHAMPLAIN VALLEY; FORAGING HABITAT; NYCTALUS-NOCTULA; NORTH-AMERICA; DWELLING BATS AB Conservation of bat species is one of the most daunting wildlife conservation challenges in North America, requiring detailed knowledge about their ecology to guide conservation efforts. Outside of the hibernating season, bats in temperate forest environments spend their diurnal time in day-roosts. In addition to simple shelter, summer roost availability is as critical as maternity sites and maintaining social group contact. To date, a major focus of bat conservation has concentrated on conserving individual roost sites, with comparatively less focus on the role that broader habitat conditions contribute towards roost-site selection. We evaluated roost-site selection by a northern population of federally-endangered Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) at Fort Drum Military Installation in New York, USA at three different spatial scales: landscape, forest stand, and individual tree level. During 2007-2011, we radiotracked 33 Indiana bats (10 males, 23 females) and located 348 roosting events in 116 unique roost trees. At the landscape scale, bat roost-site selection was positively associated with northern mixed forest, increased slope, and greater distance from human development. At the stand scale, we observed subtle differences in roost site selection based on sex and season, but roost selection was generally positively associated with larger stands with a higher basal area, larger tree diameter, and a greater sugar maple (Acer saccharum) component. We observed no distinct trends of roosts being near high-quality foraging areas of water and forest edges. At the tree scale, roosts were typically in American elm (Ulmus americana) or sugar maple of large diameter (>30 cm) of moderate decay with loose bark. Collectively, our results highlight the importance of considering day roost needs simultaneously across multiple spatial scales. Size and decay class of individual roosts are key ecological attributes for the Indiana bat, however, larger-scale stand structural components that are products of past and current land use interacting with environmental aspects such as landform also are important factors influencing roost-tree selection patterns. C1 [Jachowski, David S.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Conservat, 258 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Jachowski, David S.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Life Sci, Durban, South Africa. [Rota, Christopher T.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Rota, Christopher T.; Edwards, John W.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Box 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Dobony, Christopher A.] Nat Resources Branch, Ft Drum Mil Installat, IMNE DRM PWE, 85 First St West, Ft Drum, NY 13602 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Conservat, 106 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Jachowski, DS (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Conservat, 258 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.; Jachowski, DS (reprint author), Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Life Sci, Durban, South Africa. EM djachowski@gmail.com FU Department of the Army; Fort Drum; U.S. Army Engineer and Research Development Center; West Virginia University Division of Forestry and Natural Resources; U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station FX This work was funded by financial and in-kind contributions of the Department of the Army, Fort Drum, the U.S. Army Engineer and Research Development Center, the West Virginia University Division of Forestry and Natural Resources and the U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 30 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 AR e0150011 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0150011 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH9LB UT WOS:000373116500001 PM 27028116 ER PT J AU McGuire, LA Pelletier, JD AF McGuire, Luke A. Pelletier, Jon D. TI Controls on valley spacing in landscapes subject to rapid base-level fall SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE valley spacing; base level; numerical model; drainage network ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; DRIVEN THEORY; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; HILLSLOPES; STABILITY; INCEPTION; MODEL AB What controls the architecture of drainage networks is a fundamental question in geomorphology. Recent work has elucidated the mechanisms of drainage network development in steadily uplifting landscapes, but the controls on drainage-network morphology in transient landscapes are relatively unknown. In this paper we exploit natural experiments in drainage network development in incised Plio-Quaternary alluvial fan surfaces in order to understand and quantify drainage network development in highly transient landscapes, i.e.initially unincised low-relief surfaces that experience a pulse of rapid base-level drop followed by relative base-level stasis. Parallel drainage networks formed on incised alluvial-fan surfaces tend to have a drainage spacing that is approximately proportional to the magnitude of the base-level drop. Numerical experiments suggest that this observed relationship between the magnitude of base-level drop and mean drainage spacing is the result of feedbacks among the depth of valley incision, mass wasting and nonlinear increases in the rate of colluvial sediment transport with slope gradient on steep valley side slopes that lead to increasingly wide valleys in cases of larger base-level drop. We identify a threshold magnitude of base-level drop above which side slopes lengthen sufficiently to promote increases in contributing area and fluvial incision rates that lead to branching and encourage drainage networks to transition from systems of first-order valleys to systems of higher-order, branching valleys. The headward growth of these branching tributaries prevents the development of adjacent, ephemeral drainages and promotes a higher mean valley spacing relative to cases in which tributaries do not form. Model results offer additional insights into the response of initially unincised landscapes to rapid base-level drop and provide a preliminary basis for understanding how varying amounts of base-level change influence valley network morphology. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [McGuire, Luke A.; Pelletier, Jon D.] US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [McGuire, Luke A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP McGuire, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM lmcguire@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD MAR 30 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 4 BP 460 EP 472 DI 10.1002/esp.3837 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DH9SK UT WOS:000373135900003 ER PT J AU Cudahy, T Caccetta, M Thomas, M Hewson, R Abrams, M Kato, M Kashimura, O Ninomiya, Y Yamaguchi, Y Collings, S Laukamp, C Ong, C Lau, I Rodger, A Chia, J Warren, P Woodcock, R Fraser, R Rankine, T Vote, J de Caritat, P English, P Meyer, D Doescher, C Fu, BH Shi, PL Mitchell, R AF Cudahy, Thomas Caccetta, Mike Thomas, Matilda Hewson, Robert Abrams, Michael Kato, Masatane Kashimura, Osamu Ninomiya, Yoshiki Yamaguchi, Yasushi Collings, Simon Laukamp, Carsten Ong, Cindy Lau, Ian Rodger, Andrew Chia, Joanne Warren, Peter Woodcock, Robert Fraser, Ryan Rankine, Terry Vote, Josh de Caritat, Patrice English, Pauline Meyer, Dave Doescher, Chris Fu, Bihong Shi, Pilong Mitchell, Ross TI Satellite-derived mineral mapping and monitoring of weathering, deposition and erosion SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CLAY-MINERALS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; SOIL PROPERTIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DESERT DUST; OCEAN; TRANSPORT; IMAGERY; ASTER AB The Earth's surface comprises minerals diagnostic of weathering, deposition and erosion. The first continental-scale mineral maps generated from an imaging satellite with spectral bands designed to measure clays, quartz and other minerals were released in 2012 for Australia. Here we show how these satellite mineral maps improve our understanding of weathering, erosional and depositional processes in the context of changing weather, climate and tectonics. The clay composition map shows how kaolinite has developed over tectonically stable continental crust in response to deep weathering during northwardly migrating tropical conditions from 45 to 10 Ma. The same clay composition map, in combination with one sensitive to water content, enables the discrimination of illite from montmorillonite clays that typically develop in large depositional environments over thin (sinking) continental crust such as the Lake Eyre Basin. Cutting across these clay patterns are sandy deserts that developed <10 Ma and are well mapped using another satellite product sensitive to the particle size of silicate minerals. This product can also be used to measure temporal gains/losses of surface clay caused by periodic wind erosion (dust) and rainfall inundation (flood) events. The accuracy and information content of these satellite mineral maps are validated using published data. C1 [Cudahy, Thomas; Caccetta, Mike; Hewson, Robert; Laukamp, Carsten; Ong, Cindy; Lau, Ian; Rodger, Andrew; Fraser, Ryan; Rankine, Terry; Vote, Josh] Australian Resources Res Ctr, CSIRO Mineral Resources, 26 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia. [Thomas, Matilda; de Caritat, Patrice; English, Pauline] Geosci Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Hewson, Robert] Sch Math & Geospatial Sci, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Abrams, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Kato, Masatane; Kashimura, Osamu] Japan Space Syst, Minato Ku, 3-5-8 Shibakoen, Tokyo 1050011, Japan. [Ninomiya, Yoshiki] Geol Survey Japan, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Cent 7,1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. [Yamaguchi, Yasushi] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chikusa Ku, D2-1 510 Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Collings, Simon; Chia, Joanne] CSIRO Data61, Leeuwin Ctr, Brockway Rd, Floreat Pk, WA 6014, Australia. [Warren, Peter] CSIRO Mineral Resources, Life Sci Ctr, Riverside Corp Pk,11 Julius Ave, N Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia. [Woodcock, Robert] CSIRO Mineral Resources, Comp Sci & IT Bldg,108 North Rd, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [de Caritat, Patrice] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Meyer, Dave; Doescher, Chris] USGS EROS, 47914 252nd Ave, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Fu, Bihong; Shi, Pilong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, 9 Dengzhuang South Rd, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Mitchell, Ross] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Forestry House,Banks Rd, Yarralumla, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Cudahy, T (reprint author), Australian Resources Res Ctr, CSIRO Mineral Resources, 26 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia. EM Thomas.Cudahy@csiro.au OI de Caritat, Patrice/0000-0002-4185-9124 FU CSIRO; Geoscience Australia; ASTER Science Team; Japan Space Systems; NASA-JPL; USGS; Chinese Academy of Sciences Remote Sensing and Digital Earth; State and Territory geological surveys across Australia; Auscope Grid; iVEC; NCI; Western Australian government's Centre of Excellence for 3D Mineral Mapping (C3DMM) FX This project was supported by CSIRO, Geoscience Australia, ASTER Science Team, Japan Space Systems, NASA-JPL, USGS, Chinese Academy of Sciences Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, State and Territory geological surveys across Australia, Auscope Grid, iVEC, NCI and the Western Australian government's Centre of Excellence for 3D Mineral Mapping (C3DMM). Work by Mike Abrams was performed at the Jet Propulsion Lab/California Institute of Technology under contract to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Matilda Thomas, Patrice de Caritat and Pauline English publish with permission from the Chief Executive Officer, Geoscience Australia. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 30 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 23702 DI 10.1038/srep23702 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH8MK UT WOS:000373047100001 PM 27025192 ER PT J AU Sommerville, C Endris, R Bell, TA Ogawa, K Buchmann, K Sweeney, D AF Sommerville, C. Endris, R. Bell, T. A. Ogawa, K. Buchmann, K. Sweeney, D. TI World association for the advancement of veterinary parasitology (WAAVP) guideline for testing the efficacy of ectoparasiticides for fish SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aquaculture; Ectoparasites; Finfish; Guideline; Ectoparasiticides; Treatment; Efficacy ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; EMAMECTIN BENZOATE; ATLANTIC SALMON; SEA LICE; ORAL TREATMENT; FIELD TRIALS; INFESTATIONS; RESISTANCE; KROYER; FEED AB This guideline is intended to assist in the planning and execution of studies designed to assess the efficacy of ectoparasiticides for fish. It is the first ectoparasite-specific guideline to deal with studies set in the aquatic environment and therefore provides details for the maintenance of environmental standards for finfish. Information is included on a range of pre-clinical study designs as well as clinical studies in commercial/production sites, set within a regulatory framework. It provides information on the study animals, their welfare, husbandry and environmental requirements during the study. The most commonly pathogenic ectoparasites are presented with relevant points regarding life history, host challenge and numeric evaluation. Preparation and presentation of both topical and oral test treatments is provided, together with guidance on data collection and analysis. The guideline provides a quality standard for efficacy studies on finfish, which will assist researchers and regulatory authorities worldwide and contribute to the wider objective of harmonisation of procedures. C1 [Sommerville, C.] Univ Stirling, Inst Aquaculture, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Endris, R.] Merck Anim Hlth, 556 Morris Ave, Summit, NJ 07901 USA. [Bell, T. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Ogawa, K.] Meguro Parasitol Museum, Meguro Ku, 4-1-1 Shimomeguro, Tokyo 1530064, Japan. [Buchmann, K.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Vet Dis Biol, Lab Aquat Pathobiol, Fac Hlth Sci, Stigbojlen 7, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Sweeney, D.] Emergent BioSolut, 300 Profess Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. [Endris, R.] Endris Consulting Inc, 492 Foothill Rd, Bridgewater, NJ 08807 USA. [Bell, T. A.] 5360 Damon Hill Rd, Sinclairville, NY 14782 USA. RP Sommerville, C (reprint author), Univ Stirling, Inst Aquaculture, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. EM cs3@stir.ac.uk OI Buchmann, Kurt/0000-0002-2747-237X NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAR 30 PY 2016 VL 219 BP 84 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.11.003 PG 16 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA DG3BE UT WOS:000371943700014 PM 27351036 ER PT J AU Guzman-Morales, J Gershunov, A Theiss, J Li, HQ Cayan, D AF Guzman-Morales, Janin Gershunov, Alexander Theiss, Jurgen Li, Haiqin Cayan, Daniel TI Santa Ana Winds of Southern California: Their climatology, extremes, and behavior spanning six and a half decades SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Santa Ana Winds; regional weather; extremes; climate variability ID VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; REANALYSIS; REGIMES AB Santa Ana Winds (SAWs) are an integral feature of the regional climate of Southern California/Northern Baja California region, but their climate-scale behavior is poorly understood. In the present work, we identify SAWs in mesoscale dynamical downscaling of a global reanalysis from 1948 to 2012. Model winds are validated with anemometer observations. SAWs exhibit an organized pattern with strongest easterly winds on westward facing downwind slopes and muted magnitudes at sea and over desert lowlands. We construct hourly local and regional SAW indices and analyze elements of their behavior on daily, annual, and multidecadal timescales. SAWs occurrences peak in winter, but some of the strongest winds have occurred in fall. Finally, we observe that SAW intensity is influenced by prominent large-scale low-frequency modes of climate variability rooted in the tropical and north Pacific ocean-atmosphere system. C1 [Guzman-Morales, Janin; Gershunov, Alexander; Cayan, Daniel] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Theiss, Jurgen] Theiss Res, La Jolla, CA USA. [Li, Haiqin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Haiqin] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Cayan, Daniel] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Guzman-Morales, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jguzmanmorales@ucsd.edu FU CONACYT-UCMEXUS [214550]; Climate Education Partners, a National Science Foundation [DUE-1239797]; NOAA's California and Nevada Applications Program [NA11OAR43101] FX We are grateful to CONACYT-UCMEXUS (http://ucmexus.ucr.edu/) for providing financial support to Janin Guzman-Morales (scholar 214550). We also appreciate support from Climate Education Partners, a National Science Foundation funded project DUE-1239797 (www.sandiego.edu/climate). This study also contributes to DOI's Southwest Climate Science Center activities and NOAA's California and Nevada Applications Program award NA11OAR43101. The derived gridded data of local SAWs as well as the SAWRI can be accessed at http://cnap.ucsd.edu/data/janin/. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2827 EP 2834 DI 10.1002/2016GL067887 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DK1TM UT WOS:000374697200060 ER PT J AU Shen, XL Bourg, NA McShea, WJ Turner, BL AF Shen, Xiaoli Bourg, Norman A. McShea, William J. Turner, Benjamin L. TI Long-Term Effects of White-Tailed Deer Exclusion on the Invasion of Exotic Plants: A Case Study in a Mid-Atlantic Temperate Forest SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DECIDUOUS FORESTS; BIRD POPULATIONS; UNDERSTORY; PENNSYLVANIA; BIODIVERSITY; VEGETATION; USA; INTRODUCTIONS; DIVERSITY; HERBIVORE AB Exotic plant invasions and chronic high levels of herbivory are two of the major biotic stressors impacting temperate forest ecosystems in eastern North America, and the two problems are often linked. We used a 4-ha deer exclosure maintained since 1991 to examine the influence of a generalist herbivore, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), on the abundance of four exotic invasive (Rosa multiflora, Berberis thunbergii, Rubus phoenicolasius and Microstegium vimineum) and one native (Cynoglossum virginianum) plant species, within a 25.6-ha mature temperate forest dynamics plot in Virginia, USA. We identified significant predictors of the abundance of each focal species using generalized linear models incorporating 10 environmental and landscape variables. After controlling for those predictors, we applied our models to a 4-ha deer exclusion site and a 4-ha reference site, both embedded within the larger plot, to test the role of deer on the abundance of the focal species. Slope, edge effects and soil pH were the most frequent predictors of the abundance of the focal species on the larger plot. The abundance of C. virginianum, known to be deer-dispersed, was significantly lower in the exclosure. Similar patterns were detected for B. thunbergii, R. phoenicolasius and M. vimineum, whereas R. multiflora was more abundant within the exclosure. Our results indicate that chronic high deer density facilitates increased abundances of several exotic invasive plant species, with the notable exception of R. multiflora. We infer that the invasion of many exotic plant species that are browse-tolerant to whitetailed deer could be limited by reducing deer populations. C1 [Shen, Xiaoli; Bourg, Norman A.; McShea, William J.] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Conservat Ecol Ctr, Front Royal, VA USA. [Turner, Benjamin L.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Shen, Xiaoli] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Bourg, Norman A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Eastern Branch, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Shen, XL (reprint author), Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Conservat Ecol Ctr, Front Royal, VA USA.; Shen, XL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM xlshen.pku@gmail.com RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; Bourg, Norman/0000-0002-7443-1992 FU Smithsonian Global Earth Observatory initiative; Smithsonian Institution; HSBC; National Zoo; Earthwatch Foundation FX The Smithsonian Global Earth Observatory initiative (http://www.forestgeo.si.edu/), the Smithsonian Institution (http://www.si.edu/), and the HSBC Climate Partnership (http://www.theclimategroup.org/programs/hsbc-climate-partnership/) provided the funding for establishing the SCBI Large Forest Dynamics Plot. The Friends of the National Zoo (https://nationalzoo.si.edu/JoinFONZ/Join/) and Earthwatch Foundation (http://earthwatch.org/) supported the original exclosure fence installation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 18 U2 46 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 28 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 AR e0151825 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0151825 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH5EH UT WOS:000372807800021 PM 27019356 ER PT J AU Tarjan, LM Tinker, MT AF Tarjan, L. Max Tinker, M. Tim TI Permissible Home Range Estimation (PHRE) in Restricted Habitats: A New Algorithm and an Evaluation for Sea Otters SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; SAMPLE-SIZE; SPACE USE; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; DISTRIBUTIONS; CALIFORNIA; DENSITIES; MOVEMENT; ANIMALS AB Parametric and nonparametric kernel methods dominate studies of animal home ranges and space use. Most existing methods are unable to incorporate information about the underlying physical environment, leading to poor performance in excluding areas that are not used. Using radio-telemetry data from sea otters, we developed and evaluated a new algorithm for estimating home ranges (hereafter Permissible Home Range Estimation, or "PHRE") that reflects habitat suitability. We began by transforming sighting locations into relevant landscape features (for sea otters, coastal position and distance from shore). Then, we generated a bivariate kernel probability density function in landscape space and back-transformed this to geographic space in order to define a permissible home range. Compared to two commonly used home range estimation methods, kernel densities and local convex hulls, PHRE better excluded unused areas and required a smaller sample size. Our PHRE method is applicable to species whose ranges are restricted by complex physical boundaries or environmental gradients and will improve understanding of habitat-use requirements and, ultimately, aid in conservation efforts. C1 [Tarjan, L. Max; Tinker, M. Tim] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Tinker, M. Tim] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Tarjan, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM ltarjan@ucsc.edu FU United States Geological Survey; American Association for the Advancement of Science Pacific Division Alan E. Leviton Student Research Award; Rebecca and Steve Sooy Graduate Fellowship in Marine Mammals; Sigma Xi Grants-in-Aid of Research [G20111015158929]; Friends of Long Marine Laboratory Student Research Award; National Geographic Society Young Explorers Grant [9120-12]; Dr. Earl H. and Ethyl M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust; NSF EEID grant "Roles of marine host cycle and particle aggregation in transmission of zoonotic pathogens in coastal ecosystems" [OCE1065990]; GK-12 Santa Cruz-Watsonville Inquiry-Based Learning in Environmental Sciences [NSF DGE-0947923] FX This study would not have been possible without the field and financial support of the United States Geological Survey. Thank you to the following funding sources for supporting field research: the American Association for the Advancement of Science Pacific Division Alan E. Leviton Student Research Award (LMT, http://associations.sou.edu/aaaspd/Students/StudentResearchGrants.html), the Rebecca and Steve Sooy Graduate Fellowship in Marine Mammals (LMT), the Sigma Xi Grants-in-Aid of Research (LMT, G20111015158929, https://www.sigmaxi.org/programs/grants-in-aid), the Friends of Long Marine Laboratory Student Research Award (LMT), the National Geographic Society Young Explorers Grant (LMT, 9120-12, http://www.nationalgeographic.com/explorers/grants-programs/young-explor ers/), and the Dr. Earl H. and Ethyl M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust (LMT). The authors thank the National Science Foundation for contributing funds for data analysis via the NSF EEID grant "Roles of marine host cycle and particle aggregation in transmission of zoonotic pathogens in coastal ecosystems" (MTT, OCE1065990, https://www.nsf.gov/funding). Manuscript preparation was partially supported by GK-12 Santa Cruz-Watsonville Inquiry-Based Learning in Environmental Sciences (LMT, NSF DGE-0947923, http://scwibles.ucsc.edu/, https://www.nsf.gov/div/index.jsp?div=DGE). NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 22 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 AR e0150547 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0150547 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH3OX UT WOS:000372697400016 PM 27003710 ER PT J AU Semmens, BX Semmens, DJ Thogmartin, WE Wiederholt, R Lopez-Hoffman, L Diffendorfer, JE Pleasants, JM Oberhauser, KS Taylor, OR AF Semmens, Brice X. Semmens, Darius J. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Wiederholt, Ruscena Lopez-Hoffman, Laura Diffendorfer, Jay E. Pleasants, John M. Oberhauser, Karen S. Taylor, Orley R. TI Quasi-extinction risk and population targets for the Eastern, migratory population of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MEXICO; GROWTH; MODELS; SEASON; SPACE; TIME AB The Eastern, migratory population of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus), an iconic North American insect, has declined by similar to 80% over the last decade. The monarch's multi-generational migration between overwintering grounds in central Mexico and the summer breeding grounds in the northern U.S. and southern Canada is celebrated in all three countries and creates shared management responsibilities across North America. Here we present a novel Bayesian multivariate auto-regressive state-space model to assess quasi-extinction risk and aid in the establishment of a target population size for monarch conservation planning. We find that, given a range of plausible quasi-extinction thresholds, the population has a substantial probability of quasi-extinction, from 11-57% over 20 years, although uncertainty in these estimates is large. Exceptionally high population stochasticity, declining numbers, and a small current population size act in concert to drive this risk. An approximately 5-fold increase of the monarch population size (relative to the winter of 2014-15) is necessary to halve the current risk of quasi-extinction across all thresholds considered. Conserving the monarch migration thus requires active management to reverse population declines, and the establishment of an ambitious target population size goal to buffer against future environmentally driven variability. C1 [Semmens, Brice X.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Semmens, Darius J.; Diffendorfer, Jay E.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Wiederholt, Ruscena; Lopez-Hoffman, Laura] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wiederholt, Ruscena; Lopez-Hoffman, Laura] Univ Arizona, Udall Ctr Studies Publ Policy, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Pleasants, John M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Oberhauser, Karen S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Taylor, Orley R.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Semmens, BX (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM semmens@ucsd.edu RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008; OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279; Diffendorfer, James/0000-0003-1093-6948 FU U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Research Program FX This work was conducted by the Monarch Conservation Science Partnership via two workshops hosted by the U.S. Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Research Program. We thank Julie Beston and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 15 U2 32 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 21 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 23265 DI 10.1038/srep23265 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DG9YU UT WOS:000372440500001 PM 26997124 ER PT J AU Yin, RS Feng, XB Hurley, JP Krabbenhoft, DP Lepak, RF Kang, SC Yang, HD Li, XD AF Yin, Runsheng Feng, Xinbin Hurley, James P. Krabbenhoft, David P. Lepak, Ryan F. Kang, Shichang Yang, Handong Li, Xiangdong TI Historical Records of Mercury Stable Isotopes in Sediments of Tibetan Lakes SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; NUCLEAR VOLUME; GREAT-LAKES; FRACTIONATION; PLATEAU; HG; PRECIPITATION; CHINA; DEPOSITION; SPECIATION AB The Tibetan Plateau (TP), known as the "Third Pole", is a critical zone for atmospheric mercury (Hg) deposition. Increasing anthropogenic activities in the globe leads to environmental changes, which may affect the loading, transport and deposition of Hg in the environment. However, the deposition history and geochemical cycling of Hg in the TP is still uncertain. Our records of Hg and Hg isotopes in sediment profiles of the two largest lakes in the TP, Lake Qinghai and Nam Co, show increased Hg influx since last century, with the maximum Hg influx enrichment ratios of 5.4 and 3.5 in Lake Qinghai and Nam Co, respectively. Shifts in negative delta Hg-202 in Lake Qinghai (-4.55 to -3.15%) and Nam Co (-5.04 to -2.16%) indicate increased atmospheric Hg deposition through rainfall, vegetation and runoff of soils. Mass independent fractionation of both even-Hg (Delta Hg-200: +0.05 to +0.10%) and odd-Hg (Delta Hg-199: +0.12 to +0.31%) isotopes were observed. Positive Delta Hg-200 suggest high proportion of precipitation-derived Hg in the TP, whereas the positive Delta Hg-199 results from Hg(II) photo-reduction. Both lakes show increasing Delta Hg-199 since the 1900 s, and we conclude that with the decrease of ice duration, Hg(II) photoreduction may have been accelerated in these TP lakes. C1 [Yin, Runsheng; Feng, Xinbin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. [Yin, Runsheng; Hurley, James P.; Lepak, Ryan F.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hurley, James P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hurley, James P.] Univ Wisconsin, Aquat Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Mercury Res Lab, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Kang, Shichang] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, State Key Lab Cryospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Kang, Shichang] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Yang, Handong] UCL, Environm Change Res Ctr, Pearson Bldg,Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Li, Xiangdong] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Feng, XB (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. EM fengxinbin@vip.skleg.cn RI Li, Xiangdong/B-2211-2008; Yang, Handong/G-1104-2015; Feng, Xinbin/F-4512-2011; Yin, Runsheng/C-5972-2014 OI Li, Xiangdong/0000-0002-4044-2888; Feng, Xinbin/0000-0002-7462-8998; FU China Basic Research Program (973 Project) [2013CB430000]; Natural Science Foundation of China [41303014, 41173024]; Leverhulme Trust; [F/07 134BF] FX This study was supported by China Basic Research Program (973 Project 2013CB430000) and the Natural Science Foundation of China (41303014, 41173024). We acknowledge the help of Dr. S. Turner at University College London and Dr. G. J. Wu at Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research in the field work, and acknowledge funding from The Leverhulme Trust for support of the field work and the project (Project F/07 134BF). Three anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for their thoughtful comments. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 25 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 21 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 23332 DI 10.1038/srep23332 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH0KN UT WOS:000372473200001 PM 26996936 ER PT J AU Moore, JM McKinnon, WB Spencer, JR Howard, AD Schenk, PM Beyer, RA Nimmo, F Singer, KN Umurhan, OM White, OL Stern, SA Ennico, K Olkin, CB Weaver, HA Young, LA Binzel, RP Buie, MW Buratti, BJ Cheng, AF Cruikshank, DP Grundy, WM Linscott, IR Reitsema, HJ Reuter, DC Showalter, MR Bray, VJ Chavez, CL Howett, CJA Lauer, TR Lisse, CM Parker, AH Porter, SB Robbins, SJ Runyon, K Stryk, T Throop, HB Tsang, CCC Verbiscer, AJ Zangari, AM Chaikin, AL Wilhelms, DE AF Moore, Jeffrey M. McKinnon, William B. Spencer, John R. Howard, Alan D. Schenk, Paul M. Beyer, Ross A. Nimmo, Francis Singer, Kelsi N. Umurhan, Orkan M. White, Oliver L. Stern, S. Alan Ennico, Kimberly Olkin, Cathy B. Weaver, Harold A. Young, Leslie A. Binzel, Richard P. Buie, Marc W. Buratti, Bonnie J. Cheng, Andrew F. Cruikshank, Dale P. Grundy, Will M. Linscott, Ivan R. Reitsema, Harold J. Reuter, Dennis C. Showalter, Mark R. Bray, Veronica J. Chavez, Carrie L. Howett, Carly J. A. Lauer, Tod R. Lisse, Carey M. Parker, Alex Harrison Porter, S. B. Robbins, Stuart J. Runyon, Kirby Stryk, Ted Throop, Henry B. Tsang, Constantine C. C. Verbiscer, Anne J. Zangari, Amanda M. Chaikin, Andrew L. Wilhelms, Don E. CA New Horizons Sci Team TI The geology of Pluto and Charon through the eyes of New Horizons SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SATELLITES; NITROGEN AB NASA's New Horizons spacecraft has revealed the complex geology of Pluto and Charon. Pluto's encounter hemisphere shows ongoing surface geological activity centered on a vast basin containing a thick layer of volatile ices that appears to be involved in convection and advection, with a crater retention age no greater than similar to 10 million years. Surrounding terrains show active glacial flow, apparent transport and rotation of large buoyant water-ice crustal blocks, and pitting, the latter likely caused by sublimation erosion and/or collapse. More enigmatic features include tall mounds with central depressions that are conceivably cryovolcanic and ridges with complex bladed textures. Pluto also has ancient cratered terrains up to similar to 4 billion years old that are extensionally faulted and extensively mantled and perhaps eroded by glacial or other processes. Charon does not appear to be currently active, but experienced major extensional tectonism and resurfacing (probably cryovolcanic) nearly 4 billion years ago. Impact crater populations on Pluto and Charon are not consistent with the steepest impactor size-frequency distributions proposed for the Kuiper belt. C1 [Moore, Jeffrey M.; Beyer, Ross A.; Umurhan, Orkan M.; White, Oliver L.; Ennico, Kimberly; Cruikshank, Dale P.; Chavez, Carrie L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [McKinnon, William B.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Spencer, John R.; Singer, Kelsi N.; Stern, S. Alan; Olkin, Cathy B.; Young, Leslie A.; Buie, Marc W.; Reitsema, Harold J.; Howett, Carly J. A.; Parker, Alex Harrison; Porter, S. B.; Robbins, Stuart J.; Tsang, Constantine C. C.; Zangari, Amanda M.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Howard, Alan D.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Schenk, Paul M.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3303 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Beyer, Ross A.; Showalter, Mark R.; Chavez, Carrie L.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Nimmo, Francis] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Weaver, Harold A.; Cheng, Andrew F.; Lisse, Carey M.; Runyon, Kirby] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Binzel, Richard P.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Buratti, Bonnie J.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91019 USA. [Grundy, Will M.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Linscott, Ivan R.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Reuter, Dennis C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bray, Veronica J.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lauer, Tod R.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Stryk, Ted] Roane State Community Coll, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Throop, Henry B.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Verbiscer, Anne J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Wilhelms, Don E.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Moore, JM (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jeff.moore@nasa.gov RI Hill, Matthew/H-4312-2016; Lisse, Carey/B-7772-2016; Kollmann, Peter/C-2583-2016; OI Hill, Matthew/0000-0002-5674-4936; Lisse, Carey/0000-0002-9548-1526; Kollmann, Peter/0000-0002-4274-9760; Beyer, Ross/0000-0003-4503-3335 FU NASA's New Horizons project FX We thank the many engineers who have contributed to the success of the New Horizons mission and NASA's Deep Space Network for a decade of excellent support to New Horizons. We thank the reviewers for close and meticulous reading, and P. Engebretson for contribution to figure production. S.A.S. is also affiliated with Florida Space Institute, Uwingu LLC, Golden Spike Co., and World View Enterprises. H.J.R. is also affiliated with B612 Foundation and Cornell Technical Service. Supporting imagery is available in the supplementary materials. As contractually agreed to with NASA, fully calibrated New Horizons Pluto system data will be released via the NASA Planetary Data System at https://pds.nasa.gov/ in a series of stages in 2016 and 2017 as the data set is fully downlinked and calibrated. This work was supported by NASA's New Horizons project. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 26 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 18 PY 2016 VL 351 IS 6279 BP 1284 EP 1293 DI 10.1126/science.aad7055 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DG9JD UT WOS:000372397700035 PM 26989245 ER PT J AU Eganhouse, RP AF Eganhouse, Robert P. TI Determination of polydimethylsiloxane-water partition coefficients for ten 1-chloro-4[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl] benzene-related compounds and twelve polychlorinated biphenyls using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE PDMS-water partition coefficients (K-pw); Solid-phase microextraction; SPME; DDT; PCB; Seawater ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PASSIVE SAMPLING METHODS; FREELY DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS; PERFORMANCE REFERENCE COMPOUNDS; PALOS-VERDES SHELF; PORE-WATER; POREWATER CONCENTRATIONS; DISTRIBUTION CONSTANTS; SEDIMENT POREWATER AB Polymer-water partition coefficients (K-pw) of ten DDT-related compounds were determined in pure water at 25 degrees C using commercial polydimethylsiloxane-coated optical fiber. Analyte concentrations were measured by thermal desorption-gas chromatography/full scan mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MSFs; fibers) and liquid injection-gas chromatography/selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry (LI-GC/MSSIM; water). Equilibrium was approached from two directions (fiber uptake and depletion) as a means of assessing data concordance. Measured compound-specific log K-pw values ranged from 4.8 to 6.1 with an average difference in log K-pw between the two approaches of 0.05 log units (similar to 12% of K-pw). Comparison of the experimentally-determined log K-pw values with previously published data confirmed the consistency of the results and the reliability of the method. A second experiment was conducted with the same ten DDT-related compounds and twelve selected PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) congeners under conditions characteristic of a coastal marine field site (viz., seawater, 11 degrees C) that is currently under investigation for DDT and PCB contamination. Equilibration at lower temperature and higher ionic strength resulted in an increase in log K-pw for the DDT-related compounds of 0.28-0.49 log units (61-101% of K-pw), depending on the analyte. The increase in K-pw would have the effect of reducing by approximately half the calculated freely dissolved pore-water concentrations (C-free). This demonstrates the importance of determining partition coefficients under conditions as they exist in the field. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Eganhouse, Robert P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Eganhouse, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM eganhous@usgs.gov FU USEPA [DW-14-95575301]; USGS [DW-14-95575301] FX This work was supported by an interagency agreement (#DW-14-95575301) between the USEPA and the USGS. C. White and J. Huang (USEPA) provided essential project management as well as moral support and flexibility during the course of this investigation. B. Orem (USGS) measured sediment temperature during two cruises and E. DiFilippo (S.S. Papadopulos & Associates) assisted in the laboratory (Empore (TM) disk experiments-see Supplementary data). J. Pontolillo (USGS) provided literature searches, a review of an early draft, and input during the review process. K. Haase, M. Hladik, and M.J. Baedecker (USGS) and three anonymous reviewers provided comments on early drafts. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 18 PY 2016 VL 1438 BP 226 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.038 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA DG3AI UT WOS:000371941500024 PM 26898149 ER PT J AU Mann, PJ Spencer, RGM Hernes, PJ Six, J Aiken, GR Tank, SE McClelland, JW Butler, KD Dyda, RY Holmes, RM AF Mann, Paul J. Spencer, Robert G. M. Hernes, Peter J. Six, Johan Aiken, George R. Tank, Suzanne E. McClelland, James W. Butler, Kenna D. Dyda, Rachael Y. Holmes, Robert M. TI Pan-Arctic Trends in Terrestrial Dissolved Organic Matter from Optical Measurements SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; Arctic; lignin; colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM); parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC); DOC; climate change; hydrology ID FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; MARINE ENVIRONMENTS; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; PLANT-TISSUES; FRESH-WATER; SEA-ICE; CARBON; RIVERS; LIGNIN AB Climate change is causing extensive warming across Arctic regions resulting in permafrost degradation, alterations to regional hydrology and shifting amounts and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) transported by streams and rivers. Here, we characterize the DOM composition and optical properties of the six largest Arctic rivers draining into the Arctic Ocean to examine the ability of optical measurements to provide meaningful insights into terrigenous carbon export patterns and biogeochemical cycling. The chemical composition of aquatic DOM varied with season, spring months were typified by highest lignin phenol and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations with greater hydrophobic acid content, and lower proportions of hydrophilic compounds, relative to summer and winter months. Chromophoric DOM (CDOM) spectral slope (S275-295) tracked seasonal shifts in DOM composition across river basins. Fluorescence and parallel factor analysis identified seven components across the six Arctic rivers. The ratios of terrestrial humic-like vs. marine humic-like fluorescent components co-varied with lignin monomer ratios over summer and winter months, suggesting fluorescence may provide information on the age and degradation state of riverine DOM. CDOM absorbance (a350) proved a sensitive proxy for lignin phenol concentrations across all six river basins and over the hydrograph, enabling for the first time the development of a single pan-arctic relationship between a350 and terrigenous DOC (R2 = 0.93). Combining this lignin proxy with high-resolution monitoring of a350, pan-arctic estimates of annual lignin flux were calculated to range from 156 to 185 Gg, resulting in shorter and more constrained estimates of terrigenous DOM residence times in the Arctic Ocean (spanning 7 months to 2 years). Furthermore, multiple linear regression models incorporating both absorbance and fluorescence variables proved capable of explaining much of the variability in lignin composition across rivers and seasons. Our findings suggest that synoptic, high-resolution optical measurements can provide improved understanding of northern high-latitude organic matter cycling and flux, and prove an important technique for capturing future climate-driven changes. C1 [Mann, Paul J.] Northumbria Univ, Dept Geog, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. [Spencer, Robert G. M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Hernes, Peter J.; Dyda, Rachael Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Six, Johan] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Aiken, George R.; Butler, Kenna D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [McClelland, James W.] Univ Texas, Marine Sci Inst, Port Aransas, TX USA. [Holmes, Robert M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. RP Mann, PJ (reprint author), Northumbria Univ, Dept Geog, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. EM paul.mann@northumbria.ac.uk OI Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577 FU National Science Foundation for the Global Rivers Project [0851101]; PARTNERS Project [0229302]; Arctic Great Rivers Observatory I II [0732522, 1107774]; Detecting the Signature of Permafrost Thaw in Arctic Rivers [1203885, 1500169]; US Geological Survey's National Research Program; NSF [0938254] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation for the Global Rivers Project (0851101), the PARTNERS Project (0229302), the Arctic Great Rivers Observatory I & II (0732522 and 1107774), Detecting the Signature of Permafrost Thaw in Arctic Rivers (1203885 and 1500169) and the US Geological Survey's National Research Program. This work was aided by an NSF equipment grant to upgrade the analytical facilities at the North-East Science Station (0938254). We thank Alexander Shiklomanov for providing additional river discharge data, and the field staff of the USGS Alaska Science Center for their sample collection efforts. Special thanks to Ekaterina Bulygina and Lydia Russell-Roy for help running laboratory analyses. Also thanks to Greg Fiske for production of Figure 1. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 89 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 2296-6463 J9 FRONT EARTH SCI JI Front. Earth Sci. PD MAR 17 PY 2016 VL 4 AR UNSP 25 DI 10.3389/feart.2016.00025 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EJ2XN UT WOS:000393075000001 ER PT J AU Freeland-Riggert, BT Cairns, SH Poulton, BC Riggert, CM AF Freeland-Riggert, Brandye T. Cairns, Stefan H. Poulton, Barry C. Riggert, Christopher M. TI Differences Found in the Macroinvertebrate Community Composition in the Presence or Absence of the Invasive Alien Crayfish, Orconectes hylas SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RED SWAMP CRAYFISH; PROCAMBARUS-CLARKII; OMNIVOROUS CRAYFISH; PACIFASTACUS-LENIUSCULUS; FEEDING PREFERENCES; QUADRUNCUS CREASER; NONNATIVE CRAYFISH; IMPERILED CRAYFISH; PERUNCUS CREASER; EXOTIC CRAYFISH AB Introductions of alien species into aquatic ecosystems have been well documented, including invasions of crayfish species; however, little is known about the effects of these introductions on macroinvertebrate communities. The woodland crayfish (Orconectes hylas (Faxon)) has been introduced into the St. Francis River watershed in southeast Missouri and has displaced populations of native crayfish. The effects of O. hylas on macroinvertebrate community composition were investigated in a fourth-order Ozark stream at two locations, one with the presence of O. hylas and one without. Significant differences between sites and across four sampling periods and two habitats were found in five categories of benthic macroinvertebrate metrics: species richness, percent/composition, dominance/diversity, functional feeding groups, and biotic indices. In most seasons and habitat combinations, the invaded site had significantly higher relative abundance of riffle beetles (Coleoptera: Elmidae), and significantly lower Missouri biotic index values, total taxa richness, and both richness and relative abundance of midges (Diptera: Chironomidae). Overall study results indicate that some macroinvertebrate community differences due to the O. hylas invasion were not consistent between seasons and habitats, suggesting that further research on spatial and temporal habitat use and feeding ecology of Ozark crayfish species is needed to improve our understanding of the effects of these invasions on aquatic communities. C1 [Freeland-Riggert, Brandye T.; Cairns, Stefan H.] Univ Cent Missouri, Dept Biol & Agr, Warrensburg, MO USA. [Poulton, Barry C.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Riggert, Christopher M.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Jefferson City, MO USA. [Freeland-Riggert, Brandye T.] Missouri Dept Nat Resources, POB 176, Jefferson City, MO USA. RP Freeland-Riggert, BT (reprint author), Univ Cent Missouri, Dept Biol & Agr, Warrensburg, MO USA.; Freeland-Riggert, BT (reprint author), Missouri Dept Nat Resources, POB 176, Jefferson City, MO USA. EM Brandye.Freeland-Riggert@dnr.mo.gov FU University of Central Missouri FX The authors received no specific funding for this work. At the time of the study Brandye T. Freeland-Riggert was currently not employed by USGS as a federal employee nor was the study funded though the University of Central Missouri where Brandye T. Freeland-Riggert was a biology graduate student. NR 103 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 17 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 AR e0150199 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0150199 PG 27 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH1YG UT WOS:000372580300018 PM 26986207 ER PT J AU Shinneman, DJ Means, RE Potter, KM Hipkins, VD AF Shinneman, Douglas J. Means, Robert E. Potter, Kevin M. Hipkins, Valerie D. TI Exploring Climate Niches of Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson) Haplotypes in the Western United States: Implications for Evolutionary History and Conservation SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; NORTH-AMERICA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ICE-AGES; USA; POPULATION; FOREST; CONSEQUENCES; POLLEN AB Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson) occupies montane environments throughout western North America, where it is both an ecologically and economically important tree species. A recent study using mitochondrial DNA analysis demonstrated substantial genetic variation among ponderosa pine populations in the western U.S., identifying 10 haplotypes with unique evolutionary lineages that generally correspond spatially with distributions of the Pacific (P. p. var. ponderosa) and Rocky Mountain (P. p. var. scopulorum) varieties. To elucidate the role of climate in shaping the phylogeographic history of ponderosa pine, we used nonparametric multiplicative regression to develop predictive climate niche models for two varieties and 10 haplotypes and to hindcast potential distribution of the varieties during the last glacial maximum (LGM), similar to 22,000 yr BP. Our climate niche models performed well for the varieties, but haplotype models were constrained in some cases by small datasets and unmeasured microclimate influences. The models suggest strong relationships between genetic lineages and climate. Particularly evident was the role of seasonal precipitation balance in most models, with winter- and summer-dominated precipitation regimes strongly associated with P. p. vars. ponderosa and scopulorum, respectively. Indeed, where present-day climate niches overlap between the varieties, introgression of two haplotypes also occurs along a steep clinal divide in western Montana. Reconstructed climate niches for the LGM suggest potentially suitable climate existed for the Pacific variety in the California Floristic province, the Great Basin, and Arizona highlands, while suitable climate for the Rocky Mountain variety may have existed across the southwestern interior highlands. These findings underscore potentially unique phylogeographic origins of modern ponderosa pine evolutionary lineages, including potential adaptations to Pleistocene climates associated with discrete temporary glacial refugia. Our predictive climate niche models may inform strategies for further genetic research (e.g., sampling design) and conservation that promotes haplotype compatibility with projected changes in future climate. C1 [Shinneman, Douglas J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. [Means, Robert E.] Bur Land Management Wyoming, Cheyenne, WY USA. [Potter, Kevin M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Hipkins, Valerie D.] US Forest Serv, Natl Forest Genet Lab, USDA, Placerville, CA USA. RP Shinneman, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. EM dshinneman@usgs.gov OI Potter, Kevin/0000-0002-7330-5345 FU Southern Research Station of the USDA Forest Service [14-CS-11330110-042, 15-CS-11330110-067]; North Carolina State University [14-CS-11330110-042, 15-CS-11330110-067]; U.S. Bureau of Land Management [L12PG00219]; U.S. Geological Survey [L12PG00219] FX This work was supported in part through Cost Share Agreements 14-CS-11330110-042 and 15-CS-11330110-067 between the Southern Research Station of the USDA Forest Service and North Carolina State University (Kevin Potter). Funding for developing the climate niche models presented in this paper was provided through an Interagency Agreement (L12PG00219) between the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Geological Survey (Douglas Shinneman). Robert Means (BLM) helped to collect and analyze data, prepare the manuscript, and was involved in the decision to publish. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 17 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 AR e0151811 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0151811 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH1YG UT WOS:000372580300134 PM 26985674 ER PT J AU Xu, XW Peters, SG Liang, GH Zhang, BL AF Xu, Xing-Wang Peters, Stephen G. Liang, Guang-He Zhang, Bao-Lin TI Elastic stress transmission and transformation (ESTT) by confined liquid: A new mechanics for fracture in elastic lithosphere of the earth SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Confined-liquid; Elastic stress transmission and transformation; Fracture-forming mechanics; Elastic lithosphere ID PORPHYRY COPPER-DEPOSITS; PORE PRESSURE EXCESS; MAGMA-FILLED CRACKS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PLAGIOCLASE PHENOCRYSTS; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; DEHYDRATING SYSTEM; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; RESIDENCE TIMES; MELT EXTRACTION AB We report on a new mechanical principle, which suggests that a confined liquid in the elastic lithosphere has the potential to transmit a maximum applied compressive stress. This stress can be transmitted to the internal contacts between rock and liquid and would then be transformed into a normal compressive stress with tangential tensile stress components. During this process, both effective compressive normal stress and tensile tangential stresses arise along the liquid-rock contact. The minimum effective tensile tangential stress causes the surrounding rock to rupture. Liquid-driven fracture initiates at the point along the rock-liquid boundary where the maximum compressive stress is applied and propagates along a plane that is perpendicular to the minimum effective tensile tangential stress and also is perpendicular to the minimum principal stress. Liquid-driven fractures and dikes propagate along the axes of cylindrical zones that are perpendicular to the minimum compressive principal stress in rocks in non-tectonic regions. The minimum depth for liquid-driven fracture, which is induced by a spherical confined liquid and an isolated magma chamber in the elastic lithosphere, ranges from 2 to 6 km, whereas dikes with hemi-cylinder-shaped ends propagate upwards closer to the surface under gravity. Transmission of pumping pressure, i.e. the pressure differences on the underside of a dike that is connected with a chamber, from the source magma chamber to intermediate and shallow chambers increases liquid pressure and also the effective tensile tangential stress and therefore leads to new fractures and dike formation and to upwards transport of magmas that have stagnated in the intermediate chamber. Tectonic stress alters local stress fields in the surrounding country rocks and therefore synchronously varies the local effective tensile tangential stress and the nature and geometry of the liquid-driven fractures. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Xu, Xing-Wang; Liang, Guang-He; Zhang, Bao-Lin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Mineral Resources, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Peters, Stephen G.] US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Xu, XW (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Mineral Resources, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM xuxw@mail.igcas.ac.cn; speters@usgs.gov FU NSFC [41390422, 41072060]; CAS Knowledge Innovation Project [kzcx-ew-ly03, kzcx2-yw-107]; National 305 project [2011BAB06B03-3] FX This research is supported by the NSFC (Grants 41390422 and 41072060), the CAS Knowledge Innovation Project (Grant Numbers kzcx-ew-ly03 and kzcx2-yw-107) and the National 305 project (Grant number 2011BAB06B03-3). We would like to express our gratitude to Changchun Yang and Kezhang Qin for valuable discussions, David Sutphin and Peter Cervelli for constructive reviews, and Agust Gudmundsson, Kelin Wang and an anonymous reviewer for incisive review and discussion, which significantly improved the manuscripts. NR 110 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD MAR 16 PY 2016 VL 672 BP 129 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2016.02.004 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK0NB UT WOS:000374608400010 ER PT J AU Crawford, JT Loken, LC Stanley, EH Stets, EG Dornblaser, MM Striegl, RG AF Crawford, John T. Loken, Luke C. Stanley, Emily H. Stets, Edward G. Dornblaser, Mark M. Striegl, Robert G. TI Basin scale controls on CO2 and CH4 emissions from the Upper Mississippi River SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE rivers; carbon dioxide; methane; eutrophication; dams ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; COLUMBIA RIVER; INLAND WATERS; UNITED-STATES; VARIABILITY; CHLOROPHYLL; TRIBUTARIES; METABOLISM; SEDIMENT; QUALITY AB The Upper Mississippi River, engineered for river navigation in the 1930s, includes a series of low-head dams and navigation pools receiving elevated sediment and nutrient loads from the mostly agricultural basin. Using high-resolution, spatially resolved water quality sensor measurements along 1385 river kilometers, we show that primary productivity and organic matter accumulation affect river carbon dioxide and methane emissions to the atmosphere. Phytoplankton drive CO2 to near or below atmospheric equilibrium during the growing season, while anaerobic carbon oxidation supports a large proportion of the CO2 and CH4 production. Reductions of suspended sediment load, absent of dramatic reductions in nutrients, will likely further reduce net CO2 emissions from the river. Large river pools, like Lake Pepin, which removes the majority of upstream sediments, and large agricultural tributaries downstream that deliver significant quantities of sediments and nutrients, are likely to persist as major geographical drivers of greenhouse gas emissions. C1 [Crawford, John T.; Stets, Edward G.; Dornblaser, Mark M.; Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. [Loken, Luke C.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI USA. [Loken, Luke C.; Stanley, Emily H.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Crawford, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. EM jtcrawford@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Land Carbon program; NTL LTER [DEB-1440297] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's Land Carbon program. L.C.L. and E.H.S. were also supported by DEB-1440297, NTL LTER. We thank Stephen Powers, Doug Halm, and Peter Turner for their assistance in the field. The University of Wisconsin Physical Sciences Lab designed and manufactured the FLAMe water intake system. J. Finlay and two anonymous reviewers provided important feedback on the manuscript. Any use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. All data are available by contacting the corresponding author. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1973 EP 1979 DI 10.1002/2015GL067599 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DH9IN UT WOS:000373109800023 ER PT J AU Woodhouse, CA Pederson, GT Morino, K McAfee, SA McCabe, GJ AF Woodhouse, Connie A. Pederson, Gregory T. Morino, Kiyomi McAfee, Stephanie A. McCabe, Gregory J. TI Increasing influence of air temperature on upper Colorado River streamflow SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Colorado River Basin; warming temperatures; water year streamflow; soil moisture ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALIFORNIA DROUGHT; UNITED-STATES; BASIN; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; RUNOFF; SENSITIVITY; HYDROLOGY AB This empirical study examines the influence of precipitation, temperature, and antecedent soil moisture on upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) water year streamflow over the past century. While cool season precipitation explains most of the variability in annual flows, temperature appears to be highly influential under certain conditions, with the role of antecedent fall soil moisture less clear. In both wet and dry years, when flow is substantially different than expected given precipitation, these factors can modulate the dominant precipitation influence on streamflow. Different combinations of temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture can result in flow deficits of similar magnitude, but recent droughts have been amplified by warmer temperatures that exacerbate the effects of relatively modest precipitation deficits. Since 1988, a marked increase in the frequency of warm years with lower flows than expected, given precipitation, suggests continued warming temperatures will be an increasingly important influence in reducing future UCRB water supplies. C1 [Woodhouse, Connie A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ USA. [Woodhouse, Connie A.; Morino, Kiyomi] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Pederson, Gregory T.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [McAfee, Stephanie A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Woodhouse, CA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ USA.; Woodhouse, CA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM conniew1@email.arizona.edu FU DOI Southwest Climate Science Center [G14AP00152] FX This work was supported by the DOI Southwest Climate Science Center, grant G14AP00152. All data used in the analysis and conclusions in this paper are available in the supporting information or can be obtained from the web site http://www.nrmsc.usgs.gov/ ColoradoRiverWater. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We gratefully acknowledge the suggestions from Steve Hostetler and two anonymous reviewers on the earlier drafts of this paper. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 5 BP 2174 EP 2181 DI 10.1002/2015GL067613 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DH9IN UT WOS:000373109800048 ER PT J AU Lavers, DA Waliser, DE Ralph, FM Dettinger, MD AF Lavers, David A. Waliser, Duane E. Ralph, F. Martin Dettinger, Michael D. TI Predictability of horizontal water vapor transport relative to precipitation: Enhancing situational awareness for forecasting western US extreme precipitation and flooding SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hydrological extremes; atmospheric rivers; predictability ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; CALIFORNIA; MOISTURE; IMPACTS; SYSTEM AB The western United States is vulnerable to socioeconomic disruption due to extreme winter precipitation and floods. Traditionally, forecasts of precipitation and river discharge provide the basis for preparations. Herein we show that earlier event awareness may be possible through use of horizontal water vapor transport (integrated vapor transport (IVT)) forecasts. Applying the potential predictability concept to the National Centers for Environmental Prediction global ensemble reforecasts, across 31 winters, IVT is found to be more predictable than precipitation. IVT ensemble forecasts with the smallest spreads (least forecast uncertainty) are associated with initiation states with anomalously high geopotential heights south of Alaska, a setup conducive for anticyclonic conditions and weak IVT into the western United States. IVT ensemble forecasts with the greatest spreads (most forecast uncertainty) have initiation states with anomalously low geopotential heights south of Alaska and correspond to atmospheric rivers. The greater IVT predictability could provide warnings of impending storminess with additional lead times for hydrometeorological applications. C1 [Lavers, David A.; Waliser, Duane E.; Ralph, F. Martin; Dettinger, Michael D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Western Weather & Water Extremes, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Lavers, David A.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Waliser, Duane E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV USA. RP Lavers, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Western Weather & Water Extremes, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.; Lavers, DA (reprint author), European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. EM david.lavers@ecmwf.int FU California Department of Water Resources FX We are grateful for financial support from the California Department of Water Resources. The ERA-Interim data were retrieved from the ECMWF data server. DW's contribution was carried out on behalf of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments that helped clarify aspects of the paper. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 5 BP 2275 EP 2282 DI 10.1002/2016GL067765 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DH9IN UT WOS:000373109800060 ER PT J AU Kasprak, A Hough-Snee, N Beechie, T Bouwes, N Brierley, G Camp, R Fryirs, K Imaki, H Jensen, M O'Brien, G Rosgen, D Wheaton, J AF Kasprak, Alan Hough-Snee, Nate Beechie, Tim Bouwes, Nicolaas Brierley, Gary Camp, Reid Fryirs, Kirstie Imaki, Hiroo Jensen, Martha O'Brien, Gary Rosgen, David Wheaton, Joseph TI The Blurred Line between Form and Process: A Comparison of Stream Channel Classification Frameworks SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RIVER STYLES FRAMEWORK; UPPER HUNTER CATCHMENT; GRAVEL-BEDDED RIVERS; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; NATURAL RIVERS; AUSTRALIA; VARIABILITY; GEOMORPHOLOGY AB Stream classification provides a means to understand the diversity and distribution of channels and floodplains that occur across a landscape while identifying links between geomorphic form and process. Accordingly, stream classification is frequently employed as a watershed planning, management, and restoration tool. At the same time, there has been intense debate and criticism of particular frameworks, on the grounds that these frameworks classify stream reaches based largely on their physical form, rather than direct measurements of their component hydrogeomorphic processes. Despite this debate surrounding stream classifications, and their ongoing use in watershed management, direct comparisons of channel classification frameworks are rare. Here we implement four stream classification frameworks and explore the degree to which each make inferences about hydrogeomorphic process from channel form within the Middle Fork John Day Basin, a watershed of high conservation interest within the Columbia River Basin, U.S.A. We compare the results of the River Styles Framework, Natural Channel Classification, Rosgen Classification System, and a channel form-based statistical classification at 33 field-monitored sites. We found that the four frameworks consistently classified reach types into similar groups based on each reach or segment's dominant hydrogeomorphic elements. Where classified channel types diverged, differences could be attributed to the (a) spatial scale of input data used, (b) the requisite metrics and their order in completing a framework's decision tree and/or, (c) whether the framework attempts to classify current or historic channel form. Divergence in framework agreement was also observed at reaches where channel planform was decoupled from valley setting. Overall, the relative agreement between frameworks indicates that criticism of individual classifications for their use of form in grouping stream channels may be overstated. These form-based criticisms may also ignore the geomorphic tenet that channel form reflects formative hydrogeomorphic processes across a given landscape. C1 [Kasprak, Alan; Hough-Snee, Nate; Camp, Reid; Jensen, Martha; O'Brien, Gary; Wheaton, Joseph] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hough-Snee, Nate; Jensen, Martha; Wheaton, Joseph] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Beechie, Tim] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bouwes, Nicolaas; Camp, Reid] Eco Log Res, Providence, UT USA. [Brierley, Gary] Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Fryirs, Kirstie] Macquarie Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Imaki, Hiroo] Pacific Spatial Solut, Reston, VA USA. [Rosgen, David] Wildland Hydrol, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Kasprak, Alan] US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Kasprak, A; Hough-Snee, N (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA.; Hough-Snee, N (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA.; Kasprak, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM akasprak@usgs.gov; nate@natehough-snee.org RI Wheaton, Joseph/F-1965-2010; OI Wheaton, Joseph/0000-0002-8361-8150; Hough-Snee, Nate/0000-0003-4581-0931 FU Bonneville Power Administration (BPA Project), Inc. [2003-017]; ELR (USU Award) [100652]; STAR Fellowship - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [91768201 - 0] FX Support for this manuscript was provided by grants from the Bonneville Power Administration to Eco Logical Research (BPA Project Number: 2003-017), Inc. and subsequent grants from ELR to Utah State University (USU Award ID: 100652). NH-S was supported in part by STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement no. 91768201 - 0 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This research has not been formally reviewed by the EPA, NOAA or BPA and the views expressed herein are solely those of the authors. The EPA, NOAA, and BPA do not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. The funders had no role in study design, data collection or analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 93 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 16 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 AR e0150293 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0150293 PG 31 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH1WF UT WOS:000372574900033 PM 26982076 ER PT J AU Catlin, DH Zeigler, SL Brown, MB Dinan, LR Fraser, JD Hunt, KL Jorgensen, JG AF Catlin, Daniel H. Zeigler, Sara L. Brown, Mary Bomberger Dinan, Lauren R. Fraser, James D. Hunt, Kelsi L. Jorgensen, Joel G. TI Metapopulation viability of an endangered shorebird depends on dispersal and human-created habitats: piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) and prairie rivers SO MOVEMENT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conservation reliance; Dispersal; Disturbance; Extinction; Population viability analysis; Recolonization; Rescue effect; Successional processes ID CONSPECIFIC REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BREEDING DISPERSAL; SITE FIDELITY; MISSOURI RIVER; DYNAMIC LANDSCAPES; NESTING SUCCESS; MARKED ANIMALS; PLATTE RIVER; SURVIVAL; POPULATION AB Background: Many species are distributed as metapopulations in dynamic landscapes, where habitats change through space and time. Individuals locate habitat through dispersal, and the relationship between a species and landscape characteristics can have profound effects on population persistence. Despite the importance of connectivity in dynamic environments, few empirical studies have examined temporal variability in dispersal or its effect on metapopulation dynamics. In response to this knowledge gap, we studied the dispersal, demography, and viability of a metapopulation of an endangered, disturbance-dependent shorebird. We examined three subpopulations of piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) on the lower Platte and Missouri rivers from 2008-2013. High flow events from an upstream dam on the Missouri River in 2010 and 2011 allowed us to assess the effect of total habitat loss and the subsequent creation of new habitat associated with a large disturbance at one 'natural' study location. The other two sites within the metapopulation, which were maintained by anthropogenic activities (e.g., mining, development, habitat restoration), were largely unaffected by this disturbance, resulting in a controlled natural experiment. Results: High flow events were associated with increased emigration, decreased immigration, and decreased survival in the subpopulation that experienced high flows. Following the high flow event, immigration into that subpopulation increased. Dispersal rates among subpopulations were negatively correlated with distance. The metapopulation had a low probability of extinction over 100 years (0 %) under the current disturbance interval and associated dispersal and survival rates. However, persistence depended on relatively stable, human-created habitats, not the dynamic, natural habitat (47.7 % extinction probability for this subpopulation). Conclusions: We found that functional connectivity, as measured by the rate of dispersal among subpopulations, increased as a result of the high flow event in our study metapopulation. Plovers also increased reproductive output following this event. Although the study metapopulation had a low overall probability of extinction, metapopulation persistence depended on anthropogenically created habitats that provided a small but stable source of nesting habitat and dispersers through time. However, all subpopulations remained small, even if persistent, making them individually vulnerable to extinction through stochastic events. Given the highly dynamic nature of habitat availability in this system, maintaining several subpopulations within the metapopulation and stable sources of habitat will be critical, and this species will likely remain conservation-reliant. C1 [Catlin, Daniel H.; Fraser, James D.; Hunt, Kelsi L.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zeigler, Sara L.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Brown, Mary Bomberger] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Dinan, Lauren R.; Jorgensen, Joel G.] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Nongame Bird Program, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. RP Zeigler, SL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM szeigler@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 19 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 2051-3933 J9 MOV ECOL JI Mov. Ecol. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 4 AR UNSP 6 DI 10.1186/s40462-016-0072-y PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DU0YV UT WOS:000381932100001 PM 26981249 ER PT J AU de Ronde, CEJ Scott, BJ Leonard, GS Calvert, AT AF de Ronde, C. E. J. Scott, B. J. Leonard, G. S. Calvert, A. T. TI Evolution of the sublacustrine geothermal system at Lake Rotomahana, New Zealand: Effects of the 1886 Tarawera Rift eruption-An introduction SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; HISTORY; RHYOLITE; MAGMA; FAULT C1 [de Ronde, C. E. J.; Leonard, G. S.] GNS Sci, 1 Fairway Dr, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand. [Scott, B. J.] GNS Sci, 114 Karetoto Rd,RD4, Taupo 3384, New Zealand. [Calvert, A. T.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP de Ronde, CEJ (reprint author), GNS Sci, 1 Fairway Dr, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand. RI Leonard, Graham/B-5617-2012 OI Leonard, Graham/0000-0002-4859-0180 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 314 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.12.009 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP3AA UT WOS:000378363600001 ER PT J AU Eidam, EF Ogston, AS Nittrouer, CA Warrick, JA AF Eidam, E. F. Ogston, A. S. Nittrouer, C. A. Warrick, J. A. TI Tidally dominated sediment dispersal offshore of a small mountainous river: Elwha River, Washington State SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Elwha River; Sediment dispersal; Tidal system; Dam removal; Flood deposit ID SCALE DAM REMOVAL; CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; DE-FUCA STRAIT; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; INNER SHELF; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; SETTLING VELOCITY; FLOOD SEDIMENT; BED ROUGHNESS AB Sediment supplied by small mountainous rivers (SMRs) represents a major fraction of the global ocean sediment budget. Studies from the past two decades have shown that much of this sediment is dispersed by episodic wind and wave energy along storm-dominated coasts. In tidally dominated environments, however, different transport styles and deposits may result from persistent tidal dispersal. This study investigates episodic sediment releases generated by dam removal from a SMR in Washington State, in order to evaluate the mechanics of tidally dominated sediment dispersal in an energetic marine environment. The results indicate that asymmetric tidal currents with peak magnitudes of similar to 50 to >80 cm/s produce daily sediment export in the direction of the dominant tidal phase (Le., the semi-diurnal phase with faster currents and longer duration), resulting in dispersal of fiuvially derived fine sediment to distal sinks. These effects are observed throughout all seasons in the presence or absence of wave events. During the first two years of dam removal, more than 8 million tonnes of sediment were discharged to the coast. The net result was little to no change in grain size at 10-60 m water depth across >70% of the seabed offshore of the river mouth. Over the remaining similar to 2 to 3 km(2) of the subaqueous delta, several cm of mud and sand accumulated in a sheltered coastal embayment adjacent to the river mouth. These results demonstrate that SMR discharge events may form patchy, isolated deposits-or even no deposits-along coastlines with strong tidal currents, in contrast to the mid-shelf mud belts formed on storm-dominated shelves. Over longer time scales, knowledge of the erosional capacity of local and regional tidal currents may be key to interpreting the terrestrial event record preserved in (or possibly excluded from) marine SMR deposits. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Eidam, E. F.; Ogston, A. S.; Nittrouer, C. A.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Warrick, J. A.] US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Eidam, EF (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM efe@uw.edu; ogston@ocean.washington.edu; nittroue@ocean.washington.edu; jwarrick@usgs.gov FU NSF grant [0960788]; WA Sea Grant [R/ES-65] FX This study was made possible by funding from NSF grant 0960788 and WA Sea Grant project R/ES-65. A host of colleagues and volunteers provided invaluable collaboration, field support, and lab assistance, including: Andy Ritchie from NPS; Steve Rubin from USGS; Ian Miller from WA Sea Grant; the captains and crew of the R/V Barnes; Aaron Fricke, Dan Nowacki, Rip Hale, Katie Boldt, and Kristen Lee Webster from the UW Sediment Dynamics Lab; Brianna Sweeney, Ben Reynolds, Julia Marks, Kevin Simans, and Niall Twomey from the UW School of Oceanography; all of the students from the UW Ocean 492 classes; and all of the volunteers who made the survey cruises successful. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers for their improvements to the manuscript, and the UW School of Oceanography for providing additional ship time for long-term instrument maintenance and student engagement. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 116 BP 136 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2016.01.009 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DH4NJ UT WOS:000372762400011 ER PT J AU Pizzuto, J Skalak, K Pearson, A Benthem, A AF Pizzuto, Jim Skalak, Katherine Pearson, Adam Benthem, Adam TI Active overbank deposition during the last century, South River, Virginia SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Floodplain sedimentation; Dendrochronology; Fallout radionuclides; Floods; Mercury contamination; Alluviation ID SEDIMENT BUDGET; FLOODPLAIN SEDIMENTATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; MERCURY CONTAMINATION; PB-210 GEOCHRONOLOGY; LOWLAND RIVERS; BANK EROSION; MID-ATLANTIC; PIEDMONT USA; RATES AB We quantify rates of overbank deposition over decadal to centennial timescales along the South River in Virginia using four independent methods. Detailed mercury profiles sampled adjacent to the stream channel preserve the peak historic mercury concentration on suspended sediment dating from 1955 to 1961 and suggest sedimentation rates of 8 to 50 cm/100 years. Sediment accumulation over the roots of trees suggest rates of 0 to 100 cm/100 years, with significantly higher values on levees and lower values on floodplains farther from the channel. Profiles of Cs-137 and Pb-210 from two eroding streambanks are fit with an advection diffusion model calibrated at an upland reference site; these methods suggest sedimentation rates of 44 to 73 cm/100 years. Mercury inventories from 107 floodplain cores, combined with a previously published reconstruction of the history of mercury concentration on suspended sediment, provide spatially comprehensive estimates of floodplain sedimentation: median sedimentation rates are 3.8 cm/100 years for the <0.3-year floodplain, 1.37 cm/100 years for the 0.3- to 2-year floodplain, 0.4 cm/100 years for the 2- to 5-year floodplain, and 0.1 cm/100 years for the 5- to 62-year floodplain. While these sedimentation rates are relatively low, the total mass of sediment stored from 1930 to 2007 is 4.9 +/- 1.7 (95% confidence interval) x 10(7) kg, corresponding to an average thickness of 2.5 cm (3.2 cm/100 years). These results demonstrate that floodplains of our 4.5-km-long study reach have stored 8 to 12% of the total suspended sediment supplied to the study reach of the South River. Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) modeling demonstrates that the floodplain of the South River remains hydraulically connected to the channel: 56% of the 100-year floodplain is inundated every two years, and 83% of the floodplain is inundated every five years. These results, combined with previously published data, provide the basis for a regional synthesis of floodplain deposition rates since European settlement. Floodplain sedimentation rates were high following European settlement, with published estimates ranging from 50 to 200 cm/100 years. Sedimentation rates decreased byl to 2 orders of magnitude during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries; but despite these lower sedimentation rates, floodplains continue to store a significant fraction of total suspended sediment load. Many floodplains of the mid-Atlantic region are active landforms fully connected to the rivers that flow within them and should not be considered terraces isolated from contemporary fluvial processes by post-settlement aggradation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pizzuto, Jim; Pearson, Adam] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Skalak, Katherine; Benthem, Adam] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Pearson, Adam] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. RP Pizzuto, J (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM pizzuto@udel.edu; kskalak@usgs.gov; adamjpearson@gmail.com; abenthem@usgs.gov OI Benthem, Adam/0000-0003-2372-0281 FU NSF [EAR-0724971, EAR-1331856]; DuPont Company [SA-01033-13] FX Partial support was provided by NSF grants EAR-0724971 and EAR-1331856 and by the DuPont Company through agreement SA-01033-13. Logistical support and numerous intellectual contributions from members of the South River Science Team (www.southriverscienceteam.org, accessed 7 July 2015) are gratefully acknowledged. Carl Renshaw, Sean Smith, and 3 anonymous reviewers provided many helpful suggestions. Editor-in-chief Richard Marston edited the manuscript. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 257 BP 164 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.01.006 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DG9BR UT WOS:000372378300014 ER PT J AU Visser, A Moran, JE Hillegonds, D Singleton, MJ Kulongoski, JT Belitz, K Esser, BK AF Visser, A. Moran, J. E. Hillegonds, Darren Singleton, M. J. Kulongoski, Justin T. Belitz, Kenneth Esser, B. K. TI Geostatistical analysis of tritium, groundwater age and other noble gas derived parameters in California SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Water age; Geostatistics; Tritium; Noble gas ID THICK UNSATURATED ZONE; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE; EXCESS AIR; ARSENIC CONCENTRATIONS; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Key characteristics of California groundwater systems related to aquifer vulnerability, sustainability, recharge locations and mechanisms, and anthropogenic impact on recharge are revealed in a spatial geostatistical analysis of a unique data set of tritium, noble gases and other isotopic analyses unprecedented in size at nearly 4000 samples. The correlation length of key groundwater residence time parameters varies between tens of kilometers (H-3; age) to the order of a hundred kilometers (He-4(ter); C-14; He-3(trit)). The correlation length of parameters related to climate, topography and atmospheric processes is on the order of several hundred kilometers (recharge temperature; delta O-18). Young groundwater ages that highlight regional recharge areas are located in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, in the southern Santa Clara Valley Basin, in the upper LA basin and along unlined canals carrying Colorado River water, showing that much of the recent recharge in central and southern California is dominated by river recharge and managed aquifer recharge. Modern groundwater is found in wells with the top open intervals below 60 m depth in the southeastern San Joaquin Valley, Santa Clara Valley and Los Angeles basin, as the result of intensive pumping and/or managed aquifer recharge operations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Visser, A.; Singleton, M. J.; Esser, B. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Moran, J. E.] Calif State Univ East Bay, Hayward, CA USA. [Hillegonds, Darren] IAEA, Vienna, Austria. [Kulongoski, Justin T.; Belitz, Kenneth] USGS Calif Water Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA USA. RP Visser, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM visser3@llnl.gov RI Visser, Ate/G-8826-2012; OI Kulongoski, Justin/0000-0002-3498-4154 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program [LLNL-JRNL-674881] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This data were collected in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey, and funded by the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program. LLNL-JRNL-674881. NR 126 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 91 BP 314 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.004 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DF2QO UT WOS:000371189100032 PM 26803267 ER PT J AU Marshall, M Thenkabail, P Biggs, T Post, K AF Marshall, Michael Thenkabail, Prasad Biggs, Trent Post, Kirk TI Hyperspectral narrowband and multispectral broadband indices for remote sensing of crop evapotranspiration and its components (transpiration and soil evaporation) SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spectroscopy; Micrometeorology; Latent heat; Energy balance; HyspIRI ID PHOTOCHEMICAL REFLECTANCE INDEX; LAND-SURFACE EVAPORATION; ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE; GLOBAL WATER CYCLE; VEGETATION INDEX; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; FLUXNET SITES; MODIS; CANOPY; CHLOROPHYLL AB Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of micro- and macro-scale climatic processes. In agriculture, estimates of ET are frequently used to monitor droughts, schedule irrigation, and assess crop water productivity over large areas. Currently, in situ measurements of ET are difficult to scale up for regional applications, so remote sensing technology has been increasingly used to estimate crop ET. Ratio-based vegetation indices retrieved from optical remote sensing, like the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index, and Enhanced Vegetation Index are critical components of these models, particularly for the partitioning of ET into transpiration and soil evaporation. These indices have their limitations, however, and can induce large model bias and error. In this study, micrometeorological and spectroradiometric data collected over two growing seasons in cotton, maize, and rice fields in the Central Valley of California were used to identify spectral wavelengths from 428 to 2295 nm that produced the highest correlation to and lowest error with ET, transpiration, and soil evaporation. The analysis was performed with hyperspectral narrowbands (HNBs) at 10 nm intervals and multispectral broadbands (MSBBs) commonly retrieved by Earth observation platforms. The study revealed that (1) HNB indices consistently explained more variability in ET (Delta R-2 = 0.12), transpiration (Delta R-2 = 0.17), and soil evaporation (Delta R-2 = 0.14) than MSBB indices; (2) the relationship between transpiration using the ratio-based index most commonly used for ET modeling, NDVI, was strong (R-2 = 0.51), but the hyperspectral equivalent was superior (R-2 = 0.68); and (3) soil evaporation was not estimated well using ratio-based indices from the literature (highest R-2 = 0.37), but could be after further evaluation, using ratio-based indices centered on 743 and 953 nm (R-2 = 0.72) or 428 and 1518 nm (R-2 = 0.69). (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Marshall, Michael] World Agroforestry Ctr, Climate Res Unit, United Nations Ave,POB 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. [Marshall, Michael; Thenkabail, Prasad] US Geol Survey, Southwestern Geog Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Biggs, Trent] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, Storm Hall 308C, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Post, Kirk] CSU Monterey Bay, 100 Campus Ctr, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. [Post, Kirk] NASA ARC Cooperat, Chapman Sci Ctr, 100 Campus Ctr, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. RP Marshall, M (reprint author), World Agroforestry Ctr, Climate Res Unit, United Nations Ave,POB 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. EM m.marshall@cgiar.org; pthenkabail@usgs.gov; tbiggs@mail.sdsu.edu; kpost@csumb.edu FU United States Geological Survey (USGS) Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program; USGS; National Association of Geoscience Teachers cooperative agreement; California Energy Commission; USGS Federal Matching Funds program; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science Ameriflux program; California Department of Water Resources (CADWR); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); University of California (UC) at Berkeley and Davis FX The project was funded primarily through support from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program under the direction of the Geographic Analysis and Monitoring and Land Remote Sensing programs. Field assistants (Tony Chang, Jeff Peters, and Bobbijean Freeman) who worked long and strenuous hours to collect spectroradiometric and ancillary biophysical data were funded with support from a USGS and National Association of Geoscience Teachers cooperative agreement. The micrometeorological stations were maintained through support from the California Energy Commission, USGS Federal Matching Funds program, U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science Ameriflux program, California Department of Water Resources (CADWR), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the University of California (UC) at Berkeley and Davis. The authors are especially grateful to the following individuals, and their respective organizations, for outstanding contributions to the project: Diganta Adhikari, Christopher Lund, Forrest Melton, Dennis Baldocchi, Laura Koteen, Sara Knox, Cayle Little, and Richard Snyder for their assistance with deployment of field instrumentation, micrometeorological station ET data analysis and partial funding. We would also like to thank The Nature Conservancy for site access and logistical support for two of the micrometeorological stations. Finally, we would like to thank Deborah Soltesz, Miguel Velasco, Larry Gaffney, and Lois Hales who managed day-to-day logistics while personnel were in the field. NR 86 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 21 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 218 BP 122 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.12.025 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE8RT UT WOS:000370905100012 ER PT J AU Otkin, JA Anderson, MC Hain, C Svoboda, M Johnson, D Mueller, R Tadesse, T Wardlow, B Brown, J AF Otkin, Jason A. Anderson, Martha C. Hain, Christopher Svoboda, Mark Johnson, David Mueller, Richard Tadesse, Tsegaye Wardlow, Brian Brown, Jesslyn TI Assessing the evolution of soil moisture and vegetation conditions during the 2012 United States flash drought SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flash drought; Drought monitoring; Soil moisture; Evapotranspiration; Crop impacts; Agriculture; Satellite data ID EVAPORATIVE STRESS INDEX; MAIZE YIELD; US DROUGHT; MODEL; HEAT; INFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; INDICATORS; NLDAS-2; MONITOR AB This study examines the evolution of several model-based and satellite-derived drought metrics sensitive to soil moisture and vegetation conditions during the extreme flash drought event that impacted major agricultural areas across the central U.S. during 2012. Standardized anomalies from the remote sensing based Evaporative Stress Index (ESI) and Vegetation Drought Response Index (VegDRI) and soil moisture anomalies from. the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) are compared to the United States Drought Monitor (USDM), surface meteorological conditions, and crop and soil moisture data compiled by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). Overall, the results show that rapid decreases in the ESI and NLDAS anomalies often preceded drought intensification in the USDM by up to 6 wk depending on the region. Decreases in the ESI tended to occur up to several weeks before deteriorations were observed in the crop condition datasets. The NLDAS soil moisture anomalies were similar to those depicted in the NASS soil moisture datasets; however, some differences were noted in how each model responded to the changing drought conditions. The VegDRI anomalies tracked the evolution of the USDM drought depiction in regions with slow drought development, but lagged the USDM and other drought indicators when conditions were changing rapidly. Comparison to the crop condition datasets revealed that soybean conditions were most similar to ESI anomalies computed over short time periods (2-4wk), whereas corn conditions were more closely related to longer-range (8-12 wk) ESI anomalies. Crop yield departures were consistent with the drought severity depicted by the ESI and to a lesser extent by the NLDAS and VegDRI datasets. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Otkin, Jason A.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Anderson, Martha C.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hain, Christopher] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Svoboda, Mark; Tadesse, Tsegaye; Wardlow, Brian] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, 819 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St,POB 830988, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Johnson, David; Mueller, Richard] Natl Agr Stat Serv, USDA, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Wardlow, Brian] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Adv Land Management Informat Technol, 3310 Holdredge St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Brown, Jesslyn] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Otkin, JA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jason.otkin@ssec.wisc.edu RI Tadesse, Tsegaye/O-7792-2015; Otkin, Jason/D-1737-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; OI Tadesse, Tsegaye/0000-0002-4102-1137; Otkin, Jason/0000-0003-4034-7845; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; Brown, Jesslyn/0000-0002-9976-1998 FU NOAA Climate Program Office's Sectoral Applications Research Program (SARP); Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) [NA130AR4310122, NA140AR4310226]; USGS Climate and Land Use Change program FX This work was supported by funds provided by the NOAA Climate Program Office's Sectoral Applications Research Program (SARP) and the Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) program under grants NA130AR4310122 and NA140AR4310226. J. Brown was supported by the USGS Climate and Land Use Change program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Comments from three anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 23 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 218 BP 230 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.12.065 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE8RT UT WOS:000370905100022 ER PT J AU Brothers, DS Haeussler, PJ Liberty, L Finlayson, D Geist, E Labay, K Byerly, M AF Brothers, Daniel S. Haeussler, Peter J. Liberty, Lee Finlayson, David Geist, Eric Labay, Keith Byerly, Mike TI A submarine landslide source for the devastating 1964 Chenega tsunami, southern Alaska SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE glacimarine fjord; megathrust; mass transport; paleoseismology; debris flow; inverse travel time ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SAGUENAY FJORD; EARTHQUAKE; SEDIMENTS; CLASSIFICATION; LITHOFACIES; SLIDE AB During the 1964 Great Alaska earthquake (M-w 9.2), several fjords, straits, and bays throughout southern Alaska experienced significant tsunami runup of localized, but unexplained origin. Dangerous Passage is a glacimarine fjord in western Prince William Sound, which experienced a tsunami that devastated the village of Chenega where 23 of 75 inhabitants were lost - the highest relative loss of any community during the earthquake. Previous studies suggested the source of the devastating tsunami was either from a local submarine landslide of unknown origin or from coseismic tectonic displacement. Here we present new observations from high-resolution multibeam bathymetry and seismic reflection surveys conducted in the waters adjacent to the village of Chenega. The seabed morphology and substrate architecture reveal a large submarine landslide complex in water depths of 120-360 m. Analysis of bathymetric change between 1957 and 2014 indicates the upper 20-50 m (similar to 0.7 km(3)) of glacimarine sediment was destabilized and evacuated from the steep face of a submerged moraine and an adjacent similar to 21 km(2) perched sedimentary basin. Once mobilized, landslide debris poured over the steep, 130 m-high face of a deeper moraine and then blanketed the terminal basin (similar to 465 m water depth) in 11 +/- 5 m of sediment. These results, combined with inverse tsunami travel-time modeling, suggest that earthquake triggered submarine landslides generated the tsunami that struck the village of Chenega roughly 4 min after shaking began. Unlike other tsunamigenic landslides observed in and around Prince William Sound in 1964, the failures in Dangerous Passage are not linked to an active submarine delta. The requisite environmental conditions needed to generate large submarine landslides in glacimarine fjords around the world may be more common than previously thought. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brothers, Daniel S.; Finlayson, David] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Haeussler, Peter J.; Labay, Keith] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Liberty, Lee] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, 1910 Univ Dr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Geist, Eric] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 95039 USA. [Byerly, Mike] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 3298 Douglas Pl, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Finlayson, David] Chesapeake Technol, 1605 El Camino Real, Mountain View, CA 94040 USA. RP Brothers, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM dbrothers@usgs.gov OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Alaska Department of Fish and Game FX The USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game provided support for this project. We would like to thank the captain and crew of the R/V Solstice, as well as Gerry Hatcher, Alicia Balster-Gee, Jared Kluesner and Roland Von Huene. Amy East, David Tappin and Jason Patton provided helpful reviews. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 438 BP 112 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.01.008 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DE8UV UT WOS:000370913100012 ER PT J AU Pavlovic, NB Leicht-Young, SA Grundel, R AF Pavlovic, Noel B. Leicht-Young, Stacey A. Grundel, Ralph TI Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus): Spreading by fire SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cutting; Burning; Root-suckers; Resprouts; Stem density; Invasive liana; Total nonstructural carbohydrates ID VINE CRYPTOSTEGIA-GRANDIFLORA; LIANA ABUNDANCE; TROPICAL FOREST; CARBOHYDRATE ALLOCATION; STUMP HEIGHT; TREE; NITROGEN; STORAGE; GROWTH; PERSISTENCE AB In many forest ecosystems, fire is critical in maintaining indigenous plant communities, but can either promote or arrest the spread of invasive species depending on their regeneration niche and resprouting ability. We examined the effects of cutting and burning treatments on the vegetative response (cover, stem density) and root resources of Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), a liana invasive to North America that was introduced from East Asia. Treatments were control, spring cut, spring burn, spring cut & burn, summer cut, fall cut, fall burn, fall cut & burn, and fall herbicide. Cover was reduced the greatest by herbicide and summer cutting treatments, but increased more in the second year on moraine soils than on sandy soils. Burning and cutting & burning combined resulted in a resprout density four times greater than stem density prior to treatment for stems <2.5 mm diameter than cutting alone. For stems, across all diameter classes, there was a more than 100% increase in stem density with burning and almost a 300% increase in stem density with cutting & burning in the spring. Density of resprouts and root-suckers, and survival increased with increasing stem size. While cutting of C orbiculatus during the growing season (summer) reduced total nonstructural carbohydrates by 50% below early growing season levels and 75% below dormant season levels, burning did not significantly reduce total nonstructural carbohydrates. Thus, Oriental bittersweet is quite responsive to burning as a disturbance and resprouting and root-suckering creates additional opportunities for growth and attainment of the forest canopy. The positive response of Oriental bittersweet to burning has important implications for management of invasive lianas in fire-dependent forest landscapes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pavlovic, Noel B.; Leicht-Young, Stacey A.; Grundel, Ralph] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1574 N 300 E, Chesterton, IN 46304 USA. [Leicht-Young, Stacey A.] Rummel Klepper & Kahl, 81 Mosher St, Baltimore, MD 21217 USA. RP Pavlovic, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1574 N 300 E, Chesterton, IN 46304 USA. EM npavlovic@usgs.gov FU Joint Fire Science Program [08-1-2-10] FX This research was funded by a Joint Fire Science Program grant (#08-1-2-10: To burn or not to burn Oriental bittersweet: A fire manager's conundrum). We gratefully thank the following individuals who assisted in the field work for this research: Katherine Kangas, Mark Fortelka, Caleigh Hoiland, Krystal Frohnapple, Danny Ferry, Sarah Strobl, Cathy Martin, Seth Bastian, and Brian Van Asdall. The fire staff at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, National Park Service, including Neal Mulconry and Dan Morford, were instrumental in conducting the research burns. Thanks to Jean Adams from writing an R script to analyze the thermocouple data. This article is contribution No. 2009 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 364 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.12.036 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DE8LI UT WOS:000370887100021 ER PT J AU Daubar, IJ Dundas, CM Byrne, S Geissler, P Bart, GD McEwen, AS Russell, PS Chojnacki, M Golombek, MP AF Daubar, I. J. Dundas, C. M. Byrne, S. Geissler, P. Bart, G. D. McEwen, A. S. Russell, P. S. Chojnacki, M. Golombek, M. P. TI Changes in blast zone albedo patterns around new martian impact craters SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Impact processes; Aeolian processes; Cratering; Mars; Mars, surface ID SCIENCE EXPERIMENT HIRISE; MARS ORBITER CAMERA; SLOPE STREAKS; LUNAR-SURFACE; STRUCTURAL DISTURBANCES; DUST; EXPLORATION; SPACECRAFT AB "Blast zones" (BZs) around new martian craters comprise various albedo features caused by the initial impact, including diffuse halos, extended linear and arcuate rays, secondary craters, ejecta patterns, and dust avalanches. We examined these features for changes in repeat images separated by up to four Mars years. Here we present the first comprehensive survey of the qualitative and quantitative changes observed in impact blast zones over time. Such changes are most likely due to airfall of high-albedo dust restoring darkened areas to their original albedo, the albedo of adjacent non-impacted surfaces. Although some sites show drastic changes over short timescales, nearly half of the sites show no obvious changes over several Mars years. Albedo changes are more likely to occur at higher-latitude sites, lower-elevation sites, and at sites with smaller central craters. No correlation was seen between amount of change and Dust Cover Index, relative halo size, or historical regional albedo changes. Quantitative albedo measurements of the diffuse dark halos relative to their surroundings yielded estimates of fading lifetimes for these features. The average lifetime among sites with measurable fading is similar to 15 Mars years; the median is similar to 8 Mars years for a linear brightening. However, at approximately half of sites with three or more repeat images, a nonlinear function with rapid initial fading followed by a slow increase in albedo provides a better fit to the fading behavior; this would predict even longer lifetimes. The predicted lifetimes of BZs are comparable to those of slope streaks, and considered representative of fading by global atmospheric dust deposition; they last significantly longer than dust devil or rover tracks, albedo features that are erased by different processes. These relatively long lifetimes indicate that the measurement of the current impact rate by Daubar et al. (Daubar, I.J. et al. [2013]. Icarus 225, 506-516. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.009) does not suffer significantly from overall under-sampling due to blast zones fading before new impact sites can be initially discovered. However, the prevalence of changes seen around smaller craters may explain in part their shallower size frequency distribution. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Daubar, I. J.; Golombek, M. P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Daubar, I. J.; Byrne, S.; McEwen, A. S.; Chojnacki, M.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dundas, C. M.; Geissler, P.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Bart, G. D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, 875 Perimeter Dr,MS 0903, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Russell, P. S.] Natl Air & Space Museum, Smithsonian Inst, MRC 315,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Daubar, IJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ingrid.daubar@jpl.nasa.gov RI Chojnacki, Matthew/A-4245-2013; OI Chojnacki, Matthew/0000-0001-8497-8994; Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We are grateful for the HiRISE operations staff for acquiring and processing the excellent data used in this study, and the CTX operations team for discovering candidate new impact sites. Our thanks go to Rod Heyd for answering questions about the detailed processing of HiRISE RDRs and Guy McArthur for help with the HiView software. Patricio Becerra also provided useful discussion. We appreciate the helpful comments from Moses Milazzo and two anonymous reviewers, especially one reviewer whose thoughtful and detailed comments greatly improved this work. This work was partially supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 267 BP 86 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.032 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DC3NJ UT WOS:000369125700008 ER PT J AU Hove, MC Sietman, BE Berg, MS Frost, EC Wolf, K Brady, TR Boyer, SL Hornbach, DJ AF Hove, Mark C. Sietman, Bernard E. Berg, Matthew S. Frost, Erika C. Wolf, Kiru Brady, Tony R. Boyer, Sarah L. Hornbach, Daniel J. TI Early life history of the sheepnose (Plethobasus cyphyus) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida) SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE Unionoida; brooding behaviour; glochidia; hosts; morphology ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; CONSERVATION STATUS; HOST FISHES; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; UNIONIDAE MOLLUSCA; SPECIES BIVALVIA; UNITED-STATES; MOBILE BASIN; GLOCHIDIA; RIVER AB Managing a rare species can be improved with knowledge of its natural history. The sheepnose (Plethobasus cyphyus) is a freshwater mussel recently listed by the US as federally endangered. We used standard methods to study P. cyphyus brooding behaviour, host fishes in the laboratory and under natural conditions, and glochidial morphology. We monitored a population of P. cyphyus in the Chippewa River, WI during spring and summer 2007-2009 and 2011 and found brooding animals between mid-May and early August. Gravid individuals ranged between 5 and 27 yr (mean age +/- 1s.d.=13 +/- 4 yr). Plethobasus cyphyus brooded glochidia in outer gills, which varied in colour from red, orange, pink, cream, or white. We observed mature glochidia more commonly in individuals with cream or white gills and these glochidia were released in a clear, adhesive, mucus matrix. In laboratory trials we found several minnow and topminnow species (29 spp.) served as productive suitable native hosts. The mean number of juvenile mussels released per cyprinid per day was significantly higher for trials conducted at 22-25 degrees C compared with those at 18-20 degrees C, and 83% of trials conducted at 18-20 degrees C using suitable host species produced no juveniles. Glochidia had a unique outline and shell morphometrics that distinguished P. cyphyus from seven other Chippewa River mussel species that produce similar sized glochidia. Using morphometrics we determined that mimic shiners (Notropis volucellus) were natural hosts for P. cyphyus, round pigtoe (Pleurobema sintoxia), and Wabash pigtoe (Fusconaia flava). Releasing mucus-bound glochidia has evolved in a variety of mussel species and may be more common than is currently realized. Our data show that P. cyphyus is a cyprinid host specialist, and propagation efforts for this species can be strengthened through improved access to mature glochidia by using females with cream-coloured gills and increased juvenile production through warmer fish holding temperatures. C1 [Hove, Mark C.; Frost, Erika C.; Wolf, Kiru] Univ Minnesota UMN, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55455 USA. [Hove, Mark C.; Boyer, Sarah L.; Hornbach, Daniel J.] Macalester Coll, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Sietman, Bernard E.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources MN DNR, Div Ecol & Water Resources, St Paul, MN USA. [Berg, Matthew S.] Grantsburg High Sch, Dept Biol, Grantsburg, WI USA. [Brady, Tony R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natchitoches Natl Fish Hatchery, Natchitoches, LA USA. RP Hove, MC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota UMN, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55455 USA. EM mark_hove@umn.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources FX We thank the US Fish and Wildlife Service and Minnesota Department of Natural Resources who provided funds through Section 6 of the Endangered Species Act and Minnesota's State Wildlife Grants Program; and University of Minnesota's Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program. NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 EI 1464-5262 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PD MAR 11 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 9-10 BP 523 EP 542 DI 10.1080/00222933.2015.1083059 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA6FO UT WOS:000367898200001 ER PT J AU Robinson, OJ McGowan, CP Devers, PK AF Robinson, Orin J. McGowan, Conor P. Devers, Patrick K. TI Updating movement estimates for American black ducks (Anas rubripes) SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE American black duck; Banding data; Bayesian analysis; Migratory connectivity; Movement estimation ID MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY; RECOVERY RATES; BIRDS; CONSERVATION; GEOLOCATORS; POPULATIONS; FIDELITY; SURVIVAL; MODELS; WINTER AB Understanding migratory connectivity for species a concern is of great importance if we are to implement management aimed at conserving them. New methods are improving lour understanding of migration; however, banding (ringing) data is by far the most widely available and accessible movement data for researchers. Here, we use band recovery data for American black ducks (Arias rubripes) from 1951-2011 and analyze their movement among seven management regions using a hierarchical Bayesian framework. We showed that black ducks generally exhibit flyway fidelity, and that many black ducks, regardless of breeding region, stopover or overwinter on the Atlantic coast of the United States. We also show that a non-trivial portion of the continental black duck population either does not move at all or moves to the north during the fall migration (they typically move to the south). The results of this analysis will be used in a projection modeling context to evaluate how habitat or harvest management actions in one region would propagate throughout the continental population of black ducks. This' analysis may provide a guide for future research and help inform management efforts for black ducks as well as other migratory species. C1 [Robinson, Orin J.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [McGowan, Conor P.] US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL USA. [Devers, Patrick K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laurel, MD USA. RP Robinson, OJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM orinjrobinsonjr1@gmail.com FU USFWS Black Duck Joint Venture FX This work was supported by a grant from the USFWS Black Duck Joint Venture. The manuscript was, in part, prepared by the Black Duck Joint Venture. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD MAR 10 PY 2016 VL 4 AR e1787 DI 10.7717/peerj.1787 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DG5TR UT WOS:000372142200008 PM 26989624 ER PT J AU Beston, JA Diffendorfer, JE Loss, SR Johnson, DH AF Beston, Julie A. Diffendorfer, Jay E. Loss, Scott R. Johnson, Douglas H. TI Prioritizing Avian Species for Their Risk of Population-Level Consequences from Wind Energy Development SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HABITAT LOSS; RANGE BOUNDARIES; EXTINCTION RISK; BIRD FATALITIES; UNITED-STATES; NICHE BREADTH; GROWTH RATE; FARMS; MORTALITY; CONSERVATION AB Recent growth in the wind energy industry has increased concerns about its impacts on wildlife populations. Direct impacts of wind energy include bird and bat collisions with turbines whereas indirect impacts include changes in wildlife habitat and behavior. Although many species may withstand these effects, species that are long-lived with low rates of reproduction, have specialized habitat preferences, or are attracted to turbines may be more prone to declines in population abundance. We developed a prioritization system to identify the avian species most likely to experience population declines from wind facilities based on their current conservation status and their expected risk from turbines. We developed 3 metrics of turbine risk that incorporate data on collision fatalities at wind facilities, population size, life history, species' distributions relative to turbine locations, number of suitable habitat types, and species' conservation status. We calculated at least 1 measure of turbine risk for 428 avian species that breed in the United States. We then simulated 100,000 random sets of cutoff criteria (i.e., the metric values used to assign species to different priority categories) for each turbine risk metric and for conservation status. For each set of criteria, we assigned each species a priority score and calculated the average priority score across all sets of criteria. Our prioritization system highlights both species that could potentially experience population decline caused by wind energy and species at low risk of population decline. For instance, several birds of prey, such as the long-eared owl, ferruginous hawk, Swainson's hawk, and golden eagle, were at relatively high risk of population decline across a wide variety of cutoff values, whereas many passerines were at relatively low risk of decline. This prioritization system is a first step that will help researchers, conservationists, managers, and industry target future study and management activity. C1 [Beston, Julie A.; Diffendorfer, Jay E.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Loss, Scott R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN USA. [Beston, Julie A.] Univ Wisconsin Stout, Dept Biol, Menomonie, WI USA. RP Diffendorfer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jediffendorfer@usgs.gov OI Diffendorfer, James/0000-0003-1093-6948 FU Energy Resources Program at the United States Geological Survey FX This research was fully funded through the Energy Resources Program at the United States Geological Survey. No funds, external to USGS, were used. The methodology was reviewed and modified as part of the USGS Fundamental Science Practices http://www.usgs.gov/fsp/ as implemented by the Energy Resources Program. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 16 U2 59 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 10 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 AR e0150813 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0150813 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DG3TL UT WOS:000371993000066 PM 26963254 ER PT J AU Amaral, KE Palace, M O'Brien, KM Fenderson, LE Kovach, AI AF Amaral, Katrina E. Palace, Michael O'Brien, Kathleen M. Fenderson, Lindsey E. Kovach, Adrienne I. TI Anthropogenic Habitats Facilitate Dispersal of an Early Successional Obligate: Implications for Restoration of an Endangered Ecosystem SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NEW-ENGLAND COTTONTAIL; GENETIC POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; LEAST-COST PATH; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE; RESISTANCE SURFACES; CIRCUIT-THEORY; MANTEL TESTS; CONNECTIVITY AB Landscape modification and habitat fragmentation disrupt the connectivity of natural landscapes, with major consequences for biodiversity. Species that require patchily distributed habitats, such as those that specialize on early successional ecosystems, must disperse through a landscape matrix with unsuitable habitat types. We evaluated landscape effects on dispersal of an early successional obligate, the New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis). Using a landscape genetics approach, we identified barriers and facilitators of gene flow and connectivity corridors for a population of cottontails in the northeastern United States. We modeled dispersal in relation to landscape structure and composition and tested hypotheses about the influence of habitat fragmentation on gene flow. Anthropogenic and natural shrubland habitats facilitated gene flow, while the remainder of the matrix, particularly development and forest, impeded gene flow. The relative influence of matrix habitats differed between study areas in relation to a fragmentation gradient. Barrier features had higher explanatory power in the more fragmented site, while facilitating features were important in the less fragmented site. Landscape models that included a simultaneous barrier and facilitating effect of roads had higher explanatory power than models that considered either effect separately, supporting the hypothesis that roads act as both barriers and facilitators at all spatial scales. The inclusion of LiDAR-identified shrubland habitat improved the fit of our facilitator models. Corridor analyses using circuit and least cost path approaches revealed the importance of anthropogenic, linear features for restoring connectivity between the study areas. In fragmented landscapes, human-modified habitats may enhance functional connectivity by providing suitable dispersal conduits for early successional specialists. C1 [Amaral, Katrina E.; Palace, Michael; Kovach, Adrienne I.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Palace, Michael] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [O'Brien, Kathleen M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rachel Carson Natl Wildlife Refuge, Wells, ME USA. [Fenderson, Lindsey E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, Lamar, PA USA. RP Kovach, AI (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM akovach@unh.edu OI Fenderson, Lindsey/0000-0002-2921-6636 FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 5, Division of Natural Resources, National Wildlife Refuge System; Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund; National Science Foundation (GSS Grant) [1263601]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture through its McIntire-Stennis Project [225575]; New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station FX Funding for this research was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 5, Division of Natural Resources, National Wildlife Refuge System; Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund; the National Science Foundation (GSS Grant #1263601); the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture through its McIntire-Stennis Project Number 225575; and the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or peparation of the manuscript.; Funding for this research was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 5, Division of Natural Resources, National Wildlife Refuge System; Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund; the National Science Foundation (GSS Grant # 1263601); the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture-through its McIntire-Stennis Project Number 225575; and the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. Thanks to J. Walsh and S. Coster for their help with ArcGIS troubleshooting and M. Routhier for providing computational space for Circuits-cape models. Thanks also to D. Hocking and W. Peterman for statistical consultation. K. Boland and W. Jakubas provided input on landscape variables and cottontail occupancy. J. Walsh, T. Kristensen, B. Benvenuti, and C. Mills provided helpful suggestions on an earlier version of this manuscript. This is Scientific Contribution Number 2651 of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. The findings and conclusions of this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 32 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 8 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 AR e0148842 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0148842 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DG3SW UT WOS:000371991300004 PM 26954014 ER PT J AU Anisfeld, SC Hill, TD Cahoon, DR AF Anisfeld, Shimon C. Hill, Troy D. Cahoon, Donald R. TI Elevation dynamics in a restored versus a submerging salt marsh in Long Island Sound SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Restoration; Submergence; Sea-level rise; Tidal marsh; Long Island Sound ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; TIDAL MARSH; CONNECTICUT; PB-210; FERTILIZATION; DEPOSITION; RESPONSES; COLLAPSE; WETLANDS; SOILS AB Accelerated sea-level rise (SLR) poses the threat of salt marsh submergence, especially in marshes that are relatively low-lying. At the same time, restoration efforts are producing new low-lying marshes, many of which are thriving and avoiding submergence. To understand the causes of these different fates, we studied two Long Island Sound marshes: one that is experiencing submergence and mudflat expansion, and one that is undergoing successful restoration. We examined sedimentation using a variety of methods, each of which captures different time periods and different aspects of marsh elevation change: surface-elevation tables, marker horizons, sediment cores, and sediment traps. We also studied marsh hydrology, productivity, respiration, nutrient content, and suspended sediment. We found that, despite the expansion of mudflat in the submerging marsh, the areas that remain vegetated have been gaining elevation at roughly the rate of SLR over the last 10 years. However, this elevation gain was only possible thanks to an increase in belowground volume, which may be a temporary response to water-logging. In addition, accretion rates in the first half of the twentieth century were much lower than current rates, so century-scale accretion in the submerging marsh was lower than SLR. In contrast, at the restored marsh, accretion rates are now averaging about 10 mm yr(-1) (several times the rate of SLR), much higher than before restoration. The main cause of the different trajectories at the two marshes appeared to be the availability of suspended sediment, which was much higher in the restored marsh. We considered and rejected alternative hypotheses, including differences in tidal flooding, plant productivity, and nutrient loading. In the submerging marsh, suspended and deposited sediment had relatively high organic content, which may be a useful indicator of sediment starvation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Anisfeld, Shimon C.; Hill, Troy D.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Cahoon, Donald R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 308, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Anisfeld, SC (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM shimon.anisfeld@yale.edu OI Hill, Troy/0000-0003-2980-4099 FU Connecticut Sea Grant program; Carpenter-Sperry Environmental Research Grant; Sounds Conservancy Grant from the Quebec-Labrador Foundation; EPA Long Island Sound Study [LI-97100801] FX The EPA Long Island Sound Study provided major funding to support this study (Grant LI-97100801). Additional financial support was provided by the Connecticut Sea Grant program, a Carpenter-Sperry Environmental Research Grant, and a Sounds Conservancy Grant from the Quebec-Labrador Foundation. Field assistance was provided by James Lynch (USGS) and Yale students Joanna Carey, Jessica Darling, and Azalea Mitch. Ivan Valiela, Patrick Megonigal, Rebecca Schultz, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments. Lab assistance was provided by Helmut Ernstberger. We are grateful to the Branford Land Trust for access to Jarvis, and to the staff at Sherwood Island State Park, especially James Beschle, for access to Sherwood. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAR 5 PY 2016 VL 170 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2016.01.017 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DG9CH UT WOS:000372379900014 ER PT J AU Ben-Horin, T Lafferty, KD Bidegain, G Lenihan, HS AF Ben-Horin, Tal Lafferty, Kevin D. Bidegain, Gorka Lenihan, Hunter S. TI Fishing diseased abalone to promote yield and conservation SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE abalone; fisheries management; host-parasite models; presumptive diagnosis; withering syndrome ID CANDIDATUS XENOHALIOTIS CALIFORNIENSIS; HALIOTIS-CRACHERODII LEACH; EPIZOOTIC SHELL DISEASE; WITHERING SYNDROME; HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; WILDLIFE DISEASE; RED ABALONE; PARASITE COMMUNITIES; SPECIES RICHNESS; BLACK ABALONE AB Past theoretical models suggest fishing disease-impacted stocks can reduce parasite transmission, but this is a good management strategy only when the exploitation required to reduce transmission does not overfish the stock. We applied this concept to a red abalone fishery so impacted by an infectious disease (withering syndrome) that stock densities plummeted and managers closed the fishery. In addition to the non-selective fishing strategy considered by past disease-fishing models, we modelled targeting (culling) infected individuals, which is plausible in red abalone because modern diagnostic tools can determine infection without harming landed abalone and the diagnostic cost is minor relative to the catch value. The non-selective abalone fishing required to eradicate parasites exceeded thresholds for abalone sustainability, but targeting infected abalone allowed the fishery to generate yield and reduce parasite prevalence while maintaining stock densities at or above the densities attainable if the population was closed to fishing. The effect was strong enough that stock and yield increased even when the catch was one-third uninfected abalone. These results could apply to other fisheries as the diagnostic costs decline relative to catch value. C1 [Ben-Horin, Tal] Univ Rhode Isl, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Ben-Horin, Tal] Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lenihan, Hunter S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Bidegain, Gorka] Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. RP Ben-Horin, T (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.; Ben-Horin, T (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA. EM tal@hsrl.rutgers.edu RI Bidegain, Gorka/N-8811-2016 OI Bidegain, Gorka/0000-0002-2173-5140 FU National Science Foundation program in Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases [OCE-1216220]; US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service [58-1915-1-156]; University of Rhode Island [58-1915-1-156] FX T.B.H. was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation program in Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases (OCE-1216220) and a standard cooperative agreement (SCA no. 58-1915-1-156) between the US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service and the University of Rhode Island. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAR 5 PY 2016 VL 371 IS 1689 AR 20150211 DI 10.1098/rstb.2015.0211 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA DF2CU UT WOS:000371148300009 ER PT J AU Burge, CA Friedman, CS Getchell, R House, M Lafferty, KD Mydlarz, LD Prager, KC Sutherland, KP Renault, T Kiryu, I Vega-Thurber, R AF Burge, Colleen A. Friedman, Carolyn S. Getchell, Rodman House, Marcia Lafferty, Kevin D. Mydlarz, Laura D. Prager, Katherine C. Sutherland, Kathryn P. Renault, Tristan Kiryu, Ikunari Vega-Thurber, Rebecca TI Complementary approaches to diagnosing marine diseases: a union of the modern and the classic SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE marine disease; aetiology; diagnostics; marine epizootics ID CANDIDATUS XENOHALIOTIS CALIFORNIENSIS; WHITE POX DISEASE; RICKETTSIALES-LIKE PROKARYOTE; HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; ABALONE HALIOTIS-CRACHERODII; OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; CARIBBEAN ELKHORN CORAL; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND AB Linking marine epizootics to a specific aetiology is notoriously difficult. Recent diagnostic successes show that marine disease diagnosis requires both modern, cutting-edge technology (e.g. metagenomics, quantitative real-time PCR) and more classic methods (e.g. transect surveys, histopathology and cell culture). Here, we discuss how this combination of traditional and modern approaches is necessary for rapid and accurate identification of marine diseases, and emphasize how sole reliance on any one technology or technique may lead disease investigations astray. We present diagnostic approaches at different scales, from the macro (environment, community, population and organismal scales) to the micro (tissue, organ, cell and genomic scales). We use disease case studies from a broad range of taxa to illustrate diagnostic successes from combining traditional and modern diagnostic methods. Finally, we recognize the need for increased capacity of centralized databases, networks, data repositories and contingency plans for diagnosis and management of marine disease. C1 [Burge, Colleen A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, 701 E Pratt St, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Friedman, Carolyn S.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Getchell, Rodman] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Vet Med Ctr C4 177, 930 Campus Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [House, Marcia] Northwest Indian Fisheries Commiss, 6730 Martin Way East, Olympia, WA 98516 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Mydlarz, Laura D.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, 501 South Nedderman, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Prager, Katherine C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Prager, Katherine C.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sutherland, Kathryn P.] Rollins Coll, Dept Biol, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [Renault, Tristan] IFREMER, Dept Ressources Biol & Environm, Rue Ile Yeu, F-44311 Nantes 03, France. [Kiryu, Ikunari] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Aquaculture, Tsu, Mie 5160193, Japan. [Vega-Thurber, Rebecca] Oregon State Univ, 454 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Burge, CA (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, 701 E Pratt St, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM colleenb@umbc.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases [OCE-1215977]; NSF-NIH Ecology of Infectious Disease program [EF1015032]; NSF [OCE-1335657]; NSF grant IOS [1017458]; California Sea Grant [NA10OAR4170060] FX This work was conducted as part of the Ecology of Infectious Marine Disease Research Coordination Network (EIMD-RCN) (http://www.eeb.cornell.edu/ecologymarinedisease/Home/Home.html) funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases grant OCE-1215977. K.P.S. acknowledges funding provided by NSF-NIH Ecology of Infectious Disease program grant EF1015032. K.C.P. was supported by the NSF (OCE-1335657). NSF grant IOS no. 1017458 to L.D.M. C.A.B. and C.S.F. acknowledge support from California Sea Grant (NA10OAR4170060). NR 118 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 32 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAR 5 PY 2016 VL 371 IS 1689 AR 20150207 DI 10.1098/rstb.2015.0207 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA DF2CU UT WOS:000371148300005 ER PT J AU Joppa, LN Boyd, JW Duke, CS Hampton, S Jackson, ST Jacobs, KL Kassam, KAS Mooney, HA Ogden, LA Ruckelshaus, M Shogren, JF AF Joppa, Lucas N. Boyd, James W. Duke, Clifford S. Hampton, Stephanie Jackson, Stephen T. Jacobs, Katharine L. Kassam, Karim-Aly S. Mooney, Harold A. Ogden, Laura A. Ruckelshaus, Mary Shogren, Jason F. TI Government: Plan for ecosystem services SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Joppa, Lucas N.] Microsoft Res, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Boyd, James W.] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Duke, Clifford S.] Ecol Soc Amer, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Hampton, Stephanie] Washington State Univ, Ctr Environm Res Educ & Outreach, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Climate Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jacobs, Katharine L.] Univ Arizona, Ctr Climate Adaptat Sci & Solut, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kassam, Karim-Aly S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Mooney, Harold A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ogden, Laura A.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Anthropol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Ruckelshaus, Mary] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Shogren, Jason F.] Univ Wyoming, Coll Business, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Joppa, LN (reprint author), Microsoft Res, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. EM lujoppa@microsoft.com RI Shogren, Jason/B-9771-2017 OI Shogren, Jason/0000-0003-3757-959X NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 18 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 4 PY 2016 VL 351 IS 6277 BP 1037 EP 1037 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DF8HE UT WOS:000371597500029 PM 26941310 ER PT J AU Baise, LG Kaklamanos, J Berry, BM Thompson, EM AF Baise, Laurie G. Kaklamanos, James Berry, Bradford M. Thompson, Eric M. TI Soil amplification with a strong impedance contrast: Boston, Massachusetts SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Impedance contrast; Site response; Site amplification; Velocity model; Bedrock model; Boston ID SITE-RESPONSE; DOWNHOLE ARRAY; CALIFORNIA AB In this study, we evaluate the effect of strong sediment/bedrock impedance contrasts on soil amplification in Boston, Massachusetts, for typical sites along the Charles and Mystic Rivers. These sites can be characterized by artificial fill overlying marine sediments overlying glacial till and bedrock, where the depth to bedrock ranges from 20 to 80 m. The marine sediments generally consist of organic silts, sand, and Boston Blue Clay. We chose these sites because they represent typical foundation conditions in the City of Boston, and the soil conditions are similar to other high impedance contrast environments. The sediment/bedrock interface in this region results in an impedance ratio on the order of ten, which in turn results in a significant amplification of the ground motion. Using stratigraphic information derived from numerous boreholes across the region paired with geologic and geomorphologic constraints, we develop a depth-to-bedrock model for the greater Boston region. Using shear-wave velocity profiles from 30 locations, we develop average velocity profiles for sites mapped as artificial fill, glaciofluvial deposits, and bedrock. By pairing the depth-to-bedrock model with the surficial geology and the average shear-wave velocity profiles, we can predict soil amplification in Boston. We compare linear and equivalent-linear site response predictions for a soil layer of varying thickness over bedrock, and assess the effects of varying the bedrock shear-wave velocity (V-sb) and quality factor (Q). In a moderate seismicity region like Boston, many earthquakes will result in ground motions that can be modeled with linear site response methods. We also assess the effect of bedrock depth on soil amplification for a generic soil profile in artificial fill, using both linear and equivalent-linear site response models. Finally, we assess the accuracy of the model results by comparing the predicted (linear site response) and observed site response at the Northeastern University (NEU) vertical seismometer array during the 2011 M 5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake. Site response at the NEU vertical array results in amplification on the order of 10 times at a period between 0.7-0.8 s. The results from this study provide evidence that the mean short-period and mean intermediate-period amplification used in design codes (i.e., from the F-a and F-v site coefficients) may underpredict soil amplification in strong impedance contrast environments such as Boston. (c) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Baise, Laurie G.; Berry, Bradford M.] Tufts Univ, 113 Anderson Hall, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Kaklamanos, James] Merrimack Coll, 315 Turnpike St, N Andover, MA 01845 USA. [Thompson, Eric M.] US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Baise, LG (reprint author), Tufts Univ, 113 Anderson Hall, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM laurie.baise@tufts.edu RI Baise, Laurie/D-1648-2010; Thompson, Eric/E-6895-2010 OI Thompson, Eric/0000-0002-6943-4806 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [AFRL-FA8718-09-C-0051]; U.S. Geological Survey [G14AP0006] FX We thank Jing Zhu for her help in generating the maps. We thank Erkan Yilar for his reviews. We also thank John Ebel of Boston College and Ehsan Kianirad of Haley & Aldrich for their reviews and the discussions that followed. Helpful feedback from two anonymous reviewers, William Stephenson and Charles Mueller from the USGS is gratefully acknowledged. This work draws on many smaller projects completed at Tufts University by undergraduate and graduate students under the supervision of Prof. Laurie Baise that had not previously been published, specifically Eric Johnson, who developed the stratigraphic database, and Alex Grant and Alex Testa, who initially developed the design ground motions for Boston. This work was in part funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under contract AFRL-FA8718-09-C-0051 and the U.S. Geological Survey through Award No. G14AP0006. We thank Dr. Philip Cole and Mr. James Lewkowicz for their support. We also thank Mishac Yegian at Northeastern University for his foresight in installing the NEU vertical array. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 EI 1872-6917 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD MAR 4 PY 2016 VL 202 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.12.016 PG 13 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA DE8LY UT WOS:000370888700001 ER PT J AU Waldman, J Wilson, KA Mather, M Snyder, NP AF Waldman, John Wilson, Karen A. Mather, Martha Snyder, Noah P. TI A Resilience Approach Can Improve Anadromous Fish Restoration SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; RIVER STRIPED BASS; ATLANTIC COAST; THINKING; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; SYSTEMS AB Most anadromous fish populations remain at low levels or are in decline despite substantial investments in restoration. We explore whether a resilience perspective (i.e., a different paradigm for understanding populations, communities, and ecosystems) is a viable alternative framework for anadromous fish restoration. Many life history traits have allowed anadromous fish to thrive in unimpacted ecosystems but have become contemporary curses as anthropogenic effects increase. This contradiction creates a significant conservation challenge but also makes these fish excellent candidates for a resilience approach. A resilience approach recognizes the need to maintain life history, population, and habitat characteristics that increase the ability of a population to withstand and recover from multiple disturbances. To evaluate whether a resilience approach represents a viable strategy for anadromous fish restoration, we review four issues: (1) how resilience theory can inform anadromous fish restoration, (2) how a resilience-based approach is fundamentally different than extant anadromous fish restoration strategies, (3) ecological characteristics that historically benefited anadromous fish persistence, and (4) examples of how human impacts harm anadromous fish and how a resilience approach might produce more successful outcomes. We close by suggesting new research and restoration directions for implementation of a resilience-based approach. C1 [Waldman, John] Queens Coll, Dept Biol, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Waldman, John] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Biol PhD Program, New York, NY USA. [Waldman, John] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Earth & Environm Sci PhD Program, New York, NY USA. [Wilson, Karen A.] Univ So Maine, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Gorham, ME USA. [Mather, Martha] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Snyder, Noah P.] Boston Coll, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Waldman, J (reprint author), Queens Coll, Dept Biol, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367 USA.; Waldman, J (reprint author), CUNY, Grad Ctr, Biol PhD Program, New York, NY USA.; Waldman, J (reprint author), CUNY, Grad Ctr, Earth & Environm Sci PhD Program, New York, NY USA. EM john.waldman@qc.cuny.edu FU Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Kansas State University); Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (U.S. Geological Survey); Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism); Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Wildlife Management Institute) FX We are grateful to the other participants in the workshop entitled "Resilience of North Atlantic Diadromous Fish Assemblages: A Restoration Perspective" organized by the Diadromous Species Restoration Research Network (DSRRN), a National Science Foundation Research Coordination Network (NSF# 0742196), whose mission is to advance the science of diadromous fish restoration and promote state-of-the-art scientific approaches to multiple-species restoration. We dedicate this article to the late Barbara Arter, whose dedication and assistance with DSRRN helped make this collaboration possible. For review of an early version of the article, we thank Ted Castro-Santos, Karin Limburg, and Eric Palkovacs. The Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Kansas State University, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism, and the Wildlife Management Institute) provided support during article preparation. Use of brand names does not confer endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAR 3 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 3 BP 116 EP 126 DI 10.1080/03632415.2015.1134501 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF7GD UT WOS:000371525000005 ER PT J AU Jager, HI Parsley, MJ Cech, JJ McLaughlin, RL Forsythe, PS Elliott, RF Pracheil, BM AF Jager, Henriette I. Parsley, Michael J. Cech, Joseph J., Jr. McLaughlin, Robert L. Forsythe, Patrick S. Elliott, Robert F. Pracheil, Brenda M. TI Reconnecting Fragmented Sturgeon Populations in North American Rivers SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ADULT WHITE STURGEON; SHORTNOSE STURGEON; LAKE STURGEON; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; UPSTREAM PASSAGE; COLUMBIA RIVER; STREAM FISHES; DAM; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT AB The majority of large North American rivers are fragmented by dams that interrupt migrations of wide-ranging fishes like sturgeons. Reconnecting habitat is viewed as an important means of protecting sturgeon species in U.S. rivers because these species have lost between 5% and 60% of their historical ranges. Unfortunately, facilities designed to pass other fishes have rarely worked well for sturgeons. The most successful passage facilities were sized appropriately for sturgeons and accommodated bottom-oriented species. For upstream passage, facilities with large entrances, full-depth guidance systems, large lifts, or wide fishways without obstructions or tight turns worked well. However, facilitating upstream migration is only half the battle. Broader recovery for linked sturgeon populations requires safe "round-trip" passage involving multiple dams. The most successful downstream passage facilities included nature-like fishways, large canal bypasses, and bottom-draw sluice gates. We outline an adaptive approach to implementing passage that begins with temporary programs and structures and monitors success both at the scale of individual fish at individual dams and the scale of metapopulations in a river basin. The challenge will be to learn from past efforts and reconnect North American sturgeon populations in a way that promotes range expansion and facilitates population recovery. C1 [Jager, Henriette I.; Pracheil, Brenda M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Mail Stop 6036,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Parsley, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA USA. [Cech, Joseph J., Jr.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McLaughlin, Robert L.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Forsythe, Patrick S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nat & Appl Sci, Green Bay, WI 54302 USA. [Elliott, Robert F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, New Franken, WI USA. RP Jager, HI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Mail Stop 6036,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jagerhi@ornl.gov OI Jager, Henriette/0000-0003-4253-533X FU University of California, Davis; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; University of Wisconsin, Green Bay; DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office, Wind and Water Power Technologies Program FX J.C. was supported by the University of California, Davis. M.P. was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey. R.E. was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. R.M. was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. P.F. was supported by University of Wisconsin, Green Bay. H.J. and B.P. were partially funded by the DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office, Wind and Water Power Technologies Program. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAR 3 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 3 BP 140 EP 148 DI 10.1080/03632415.2015.1132705 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF7GL UT WOS:000371525900001 ER PT J AU Jennings, S Varsani, A Dugger, KM Ballard, G Ainley, DG AF Jennings, Scott Varsani, Arvind Dugger, Katie M. Ballard, Grant Ainley, David G. TI Sex-Based Differences in Adelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) Chick Growth Rates and Diet SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SIZE DIMORPHISM; WANDERING ALBATROSSES; ALTRICIAL BIRDS; ROSS SEA; COMPETITION; ANTARCTICA; JUVENILE; BEHAVIOR; STRATEGIES; EVOLUTION AB Sexually size-dimorphic species must show some difference between the sexes in growth rate and/or length of growing period. Such differences in growth parameters can cause the sexes to be impacted by environmental variability in different ways, and understanding these differences allows a better understanding of patterns in productivity between individuals and populations. We investigated differences in growth rate and diet between male and female Adelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) chicks during two breeding seasons at Cape Crozier, Ross Island, Antarctica. Adelie Penguins are a slightly dimorphic species, with adult males averaging larger than adult females in mass (similar to 11%) as well as bill (similar to 8%) and flipper length (similar to 3%). We measured mass and length of flipper, bill, tibiotarsus, and foot at 5-day intervals for 45 male and 40 female individually-marked chicks. Chick sex was molecularly determined from feathers. We used linear mixed effects models to estimate daily growth rate as a function of chick sex, while controlling for hatching order, brood size, year, and potential variation in breeding quality between pairs of parents. Accounting for season and hatching order, male chicks gained mass an average of 15.6 g d(-1) faster than females. Similarly, growth in bill length was faster for males, and the calculated bill size difference at fledging was similar to that observed in adults. There was no evidence for sex-based differences in growth of other morphological features. Adelie diet at Ross Island is composed almost entirely of two species-one krill (Euphausia crystallorophias) and one fish (Pleura-gramma antarctica), with fish having a higher caloric value. Using isotopic analyses of feather samples, we also determined that male chicks were fed a higher proportion of fish than female chicks. The related differences in provisioning and growth rates of male and female offspring provides a greater understanding of the ways in which ecological factors may impact the two sexes differently. C1 [Jennings, Scott] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Varsani, Arvind] Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Varsani, Arvind] Univ Canterbury, Biomol Interact Ctr, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Varsani, Arvind] Univ Cape Town, Dept Clin Lab Sci, Div Med Biochem, Electron Microscope Unit, ZA-7700 Observatory, South Africa. [Varsani, Arvind] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Varsani, Arvind] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Dugger, Katie M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ballard, Grant] Point Blue Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA USA. [Ainley, David G.] HT Harvey & Associates, Los Gatos, CA USA. RP Jennings, S (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM scott.f.jennings@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [ANT-0944411]; Oregon State University, Fisheries and Wildlife Department; NSF FX Logistic support was supplied by Oregon State University, Point Blue Conservation Science, and the U.S. Antarctic Program, with field work and support for DGA funded by National Science Foundation grant ANT-0944411. SJ received additional support from Oregon State University, Fisheries and Wildlife Department (M. A. Ali Graduate Chair Award in Fisheries Biology). DGA is employed by a commercial company, H.T. Harvey and Associates. This funder provided support in the form of salaries for authors [DGA], using the funds from NSF, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 2 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 AR e0149090 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0149090 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DG0AN UT WOS:000371724200017 PM 26934698 ER PT J AU Nell, LA Frederick, PC Mazzotti, FJ Vliet, KA Brandt, LA AF Nell, Lucas A. Frederick, Peter C. Mazzotti, Frank J. Vliet, Kent A. Brandt, Laura A. TI Presence of Breeding Birds Improves Body Condition for a Crocodilian Nest Protector SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ALLIGATOR ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; AMERICAN ALLIGATORS; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CONDITION INDEXES; WADING BIRDS; TREE ISLANDS; FACILITATION AB Ecological associations where one species enhances habitat for another nearby species (facilitations) shape fundamental community dynamics and can promote niche expansion, thereby influencing how and where species persist and coexist. For the many breeding birds facing high nest-predation pressure, enemy-free space can be gained by nesting near more formidable animals for physical protection. While the benefits to protected species seem well documented, very few studies have explored whether and how protector species are affected by nest protection associations. Long-legged wading birds (Pelecaniformes and Ciconiiformes) actively choose nesting sites above resident American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), apparently to take advantage of the protection from mammalian nest predators that alligator presence offers. Previous research has shown that wading bird nesting colonies could provide substantial food for alligators in the form of dropped chicks. We compared alligator body condition in similar habitat with and without wading bird nesting colonies present. Alligator morphometric body condition indices were significantly higher in colony than in non-colony locations, an effect that was statistically independent of a range of environmental variables. Since colonially nesting birds and crocodilians co-occur in many tropical and subtropical wetlands, our results highlight a potentially widespread keystone process between two ecologically important species-groups. These findings suggest the interaction is highly beneficial for both groups of actors, and illustrate how selective pressures may have acted to form and reinforce a strongly positive ecological interaction. C1 [Nell, Lucas A.; Frederick, Peter C.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. [Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Davie, FL USA. [Vliet, Kent A.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Brandt, Laura A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Davie, FL USA. [Nell, Lucas A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Nell, LA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA.; Nell, LA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM lucasnell@uga.edu RI Nell, Lucas/C-5321-2013 OI Nell, Lucas/0000-0003-3209-0517 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [W912HZ-10-2-0013] FX This work was supported by a grant to PCF from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (http://www.usace.army.mil/), grant number W912HZ-10-2-0013. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 105 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 2 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 AR e0149572 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0149572 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DG0AN UT WOS:000371724200040 PM 26934602 ER PT J AU Sahoo, GB Forrest, AL Schladow, SG Reuter, JE Coats, R Dettinger, M AF Sahoo, G. B. Forrest, A. L. Schladow, S. G. Reuter, J. E. Coats, R. Dettinger, M. TI Climate change impacts on lake thermal dynamics and ecosystem vulnerabilities SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; HYDROLOGIC BUDGET; CALIFORNIA-NEVADA; NATURAL-WATERS; TAHOE; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; PROJECTIONS; RESERVOIRS; FUTURE AB Using water column temperature records collected since 1968, we analyzed the impacts of climate change on thermal properties, stability intensity, length of stratification, and deep mixing dynamics of Lake Tahoe using a modified stability index (SI). This new SI is easier to produce and is a more informative measure of deep lake stability than commonly used stability indices. The annual average SI increased at 16.62 kg/m(2)/decade although the summer (May-October) average SI increased at a higher rate (25.42 kg/m(2)/decade) during the period 1968-2014. This resulted in the lengthening of the stratification season by approximately 24 d. We simulated the lake thermal structure over a future 100 yr period using a lake hydrodynamic model driven by statistically downscaled outputs of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Model (GFDL) for two different green house gas emission scenarios (the A2 in which greenhouse-gas emissions increase rapidly throughout the 21st Century, and the B1 in which emissions slow and then level off by the late 21st Century). The results suggest a continuation and intensification of the already observed trends. The length of stratification duration and the annual average lake stability are projected to increase by 38 d and 12 d and 30.25 kg/m(2)/decade and 8.66 kg/m(2)/decade, respectively for GFDLA2 and GFDLB1, respectively during 2014-2098. The consequences of this change bear the hallmarks of climate change induced lake warming and possible exacerbation of existing water quality, quantity and ecosystem changes. The developed methodology could be extended and applied to other lakes as a tool to predict changes in stratification and mixing dynamics. C1 [Sahoo, G. B.; Forrest, A. L.; Schladow, S. G.; Reuter, J. E.; Coats, R.] Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sahoo, G. B.; Schladow, S. G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Forrest, A. L.] Univ Tasmania, Australian Maritime Coll, Launceston, Tas, Australia. [Dettinger, M.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Dettinger, M.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Sahoo, GB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA.; Sahoo, GB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gbsahoo@ucdavis.edu FU USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station [08-DG-11272170-101]; UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center FX We acknowledge the foresight of Professor C. R. Goldman for the value he placed on the importance of a continuous long-term dataset and all his colleagues who have maintained this extensive record. In particular we thank Bob Richards and Brant Allen for directing the lake sampling program for the past 1.5 yr. We also thank Patty Arneson in her role as data archivist and QA/QC specialist. This work was partially supported by grant #08-DG-11272170-101 from the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station and the UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 61 IS 2 BP 496 EP 507 DI 10.1002/lno.10228 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EG0FM UT WOS:000390706800005 ER PT J AU Flint, PL Reed, JA Lacroix, DL Lanctot, RB AF Flint, Paul L. Reed, John A. Lacroix, Deborah L. Lanctot, Richard B. TI Habitat Use and Foraging Patterns of Molting Male Long-tailed Ducks in Lagoons of the Central Beaufort Sea, Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Clangula hyemalis; disturbance; diurnal; home range; radio telemetry ID SURF SCOTERS; MARINE BIRDS; MOVEMENTS; REGIME; SIZE AB From mid-July through September, 10 000 to 30 000 Long-tailed Ducks (Clangula hyemalis) use the lagoon systems of the central Beaufort Sea for remigial molt. Little is known about their foraging behavior and patterns of habitat use during this flightless period. We used radio transmitters to track male Long-tailed Ducks through the molt period from 2000 to 2002 in three lagoons: one adjacent to industrial oil field development and activity and two in areas without industrial activity. We found that an index to time spent foraging generally increased through the molt period. Foraging, habitat use, and home range size showed similar patterns, but those patterns were highly variable among lagoons and across years. Even with continuous daylight during the study period, birds tended to use offshore areas during the day for feeding and roosted in protected nearshore waters at night. We suspect that variability in behaviors associated with foraging, habitat use, and home range size are likely influenced by availability of invertebrate prey. Proximity to oil field activity did not appear to affect foraging behaviors of molting Long-tailed Ducks. C1 [Flint, Paul L.; Reed, John A.; Lacroix, Deborah L.; Lanctot, Richard B.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Lacroix, Deborah L.] Ecofish Res, Suite 906-595 Howe St, Vancouver, BC V6C 2T5, Canada. [Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, 1011 East Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Flint, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM pflint@usgs.gov OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 FU U.S. Geological Survey - Outer Continental Shelf Program FX The U.S. Geological Survey - Outer Continental Shelf Program provided funding for this research. We received extensive logistical support from BP Exploration Alaska Inc., ExxonMobil Production Co., Oasis Environmental Inc., LGL Alaska Research Associates, Cape Smythe Air, Air Logistics of Alaska, ERA Aviation, and Alaska Clean Seas. For additional logistical help, we thank M. Barker, W. Cullor, D. Derksen, L. Harms, F. Hand, L. Noel, J. Pearce, M. Petersen, B. Reynolds, C. Rock, G. Spencer, W. Streever, and L. Thorsteinson. Pilots J. Sarvis, K. Karns, E. Akola, G. Dobson, and B. Stone were particularly helpful. This project would not have been possible without the efforts of numerous field assistants. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 EI 1923-1245 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD MAR PY 2016 VL 69 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.14430/arctic4544 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA DY3LE UT WOS:000384993100002 ER PT J AU Wilson, RE Gust, JR Petersen, MR Talbot, SL AF Wilson, Robert E. Gust, Judy R. Petersen, Margaret R. Talbot, Sandra L. TI Spatial Genetic Structure of Long-tailed Ducks (Clangula hyemalis) among Alaskan, Canadian, and Russian Breeding Populations SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Clangula hyemalis; Long-tailed Duck; philopatry; population genetic structure ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; TERM PAIR BONDS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; SPECTACLED EIDERS; BIASED DISPERSAL; KING-EIDERS; MULTILOCUS PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; DIFFERENTIATION MEASURE AB Arctic ecosystems are changing at an unprecedented rate. How Arctic species are able to respond to such environmental change is partially dependent on the connections between local and broadly distributed populations. For species like the Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis), we have limited telemetry and band-recovery information from which to infer population structure and migratory connectivity; however, genetic analyses can offer additional insights. To examine population structure in the Long-tailed Duck, we characterized variation at mtDNA control region and microsatellite loci among four breeding areas in Alaska, Canada, and Russia. We observed significant differences in the variance of mtDNA haplotype frequencies between the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) and the three Arctic locations (Arctic Coastal Plain in Alaska, eastern Siberia, and central Canadian Arctic). However, like most sea duck genetic assessments, our study found no evidence of population structure based on autosomal microsatellite loci. Long-tailed Ducks use multiple wintering areas where pair formation occurs with some populations using both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. This situation provides a greater opportunity for admixture across breeding locales, which would likely homogenize the nuclear genome even in the presence of female philopatry. The observed mtDNA differentiation was largely due to the presence of two divergent clades: (A) a clade showing signs of admixture among all breeding locales and (B) a clade primarily composed of YKD samples. We hypothesize that the pattern of mtDNA differentiation reflects some degree of philopatry to the YKD and isolation of two refugial populations with subsequent expansion and admixture. We recommend additional genetic assessments throughout the circumpolar range of Long-tailed Ducks to further quantify aspects of genetic diversity and migratory connectivity in this species. C1 [Wilson, Robert E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wilson, Robert E.; Gust, Judy R.; Petersen, Margaret R.; Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Wilson, RE (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Wilson, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rewilson@usgs.gov NR 109 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 EI 1923-1245 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD MAR PY 2016 VL 69 IS 1 BP 65 EP 78 DI 10.14430/arctic4548 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA DY3LE UT WOS:000384993100006 ER PT J AU Dzul, MC Yackulic, CB Stone, DM Van Haverbeke, DR AF Dzul, M. C. Yackulic, C. B. Stone, D. M. Van Haverbeke, D. R. TI Survival, Growth, and Movement of Subadult Humpback Chub, Gila Cypha, in the Little Colorado River, Arizona SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE vital rates; multistate; mark recapture; flood; density dependence; discharge ID TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; GRAND-CANYON; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATION; FISHES; MANAGEMENT; FLOODS; TEMPERATURE; ABUNDANCE AB Ecologists estimate vital rates, such as growth and survival, to better understand population dynamics and identify sensitive life history parameters for species or populations of concern. Here, we assess spatiotemporal variation in growth, movement, density, and survival of subadult humpback chub living in the Little Colorado River, Grand Canyon, AZ from 2001-2002 and 2009-2013. We divided the Little Colorado River into three reaches and used a multistate mark-recapture model to determine rates of movement and differences in survival and density between sites for different cohorts. Additionally, site-specific and year-specific effects on growth were evaluated using a linear model. Results indicate that summer growth was higher for upstream sites compared with downstream sites. In contrast, there was not a consistent spatial pattern across years in winter growth; however, river-wide winter growth was negatively related to the duration of floods from 1 October to 15 May. Apparent survival was estimated to be lower at the most downstream site compared with the upstream sites; however, this could be because in part of increased emigration into the Colorado River at downstream sites. Furthermore, the 2010 cohort (i.e. fish that are age 1 in 2010) exhibited high apparent survival relative to other years. Movement between reaches varied with year, and some years exhibited preferential upstream displacement. Improving understanding of spatiotemporal effects on age 1 humpback chub survival can help inform current management efforts to translocate humpback chub into new locations and give us a better understanding of the factors that may limit this tributary's carrying capacity for humpback chub. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Dzul, M. C.; Yackulic, C. B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Stone, D. M.; Van Haverbeke, D. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Dzul, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM mdzul@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 3 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.1002/rra.2864 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DG8SU UT WOS:000372354700013 ER PT J AU Divino, JN Monette, MY McCormick, SD Yancey, PH Flannery, KG Bell, MA Rollins, JL von Hippel, FA Schultz, ET AF Divino, Jeffrey N. Monette, Michelle Y. McCormick, Stephen D. Yancey, Paul H. Flannery, Kyle G. Bell, Michael A. Rollins, Jennifer L. von Hippel, Frank A. Schultz, Eric T. TI Osmoregulatory physiology and rapid evolution of salinity tolerance in threespine stickleback recently introduced to fresh water SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Stickleback Bahaviour and Evolution CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Stony Brook Univ, Stony Brook, NY HO Stony Brook Univ DE comparative physiology; directional selection; free amino acid; ion balance; osmoregulatory divergence; plasticity; threespine stickleback ID KILLIFISH FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; ENVIRONMENTAL SALINITY; 3-SPINED STICKLEBACK; GENE-EXPRESSION; ADAPTIVE DIVERGENCE; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; RELAXED SELECTION AB Background: Post-Pleistocene diversification of threespine stickleback in fresh water offers a valuable opportunity to study how changes in environmental salinity shape physiological evolution in fish. In Alaska, the presence of both ancestral oceanic populations and derived landlocked populations, including recent lake introductions, allows us to examine rates and direction of evolution of osmoregulation following halohabitat transition. Hypotheses: Strong selection for enhanced freshwater tolerance will improve survival of recently lake-introduced stickleback in ion-poor conditions compared with their oceanic ancestors. Trade-offs between osmoregulation in fresh water and seawater will allow members of the ancestral population to survive better in response to seawater challenge, as mediated by upregulating salt-secreting transporters in the gill. Poorer hypo-osmoregulatory performance of derived fish will be marked by higher levels of taurine and other organic osmolytes. Methods: We reared clutches at a common salinity from an anadromous and a descendant population, Scout Lake, which has been landlocked for only two generations. We challenged 6-week-old juveniles with extreme low and high salinity treatments and sampled fish over 10 days to investigate putative molecular mechanisms underlying differences in halotolerance. We measured whole-body organic osmolyte content as well as gill Na+-/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and Na+/K+/2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC) protein abundance. Other juveniles from these populations and also from Cheney Lake, a fourth-generation landlocked descendant, were gradually salt-acclimated to determine maximum halotolerance limits. Results: Scout Lake stickleback exhibited 67% higher survival in fresh water than the ancestral anadromous population, but individuals from both groups exhibited similar seawater tolerance. Likewise, the gradual salinity threshold for each population was equivalent (71 ppt). Gill NKA activity and NKCC abundance were both higher in seawater-challenged fish, but did not differ between populations. Sticklebacks from both populations responded to acute salinity stress by transiently increasing osmolyte levels in seawater and decreasing them in fresh water. Conclusion: Enhanced freshwater tolerance has evolved rapidly in recently landlocked stickleback compared with their anadromous ancestors (0.569 haldanes), but the former have retained ancestral seawater-osmoregulatory function. C1 [Divino, Jeffrey N.; Schultz, Eric T.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Monette, Michelle Y.] Western Connecticut State Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Danbury, CT USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. [Yancey, Paul H.; Flannery, Kyle G.] Whitman Coll, Biol Dept, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. [Bell, Michael A.; Rollins, Jennifer L.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [von Hippel, Frank A.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Divino, JN (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM jeffrey.divino@uconn.edu FU Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering-Multidisciplinary Environmental Research Award; John Rankin Scholarship Fund; Sigma Xi Grants-in-Aid of Research Award; Connecticut State University-American Association of University Professors (CSU-AAUP) Research Grant; MVAO; National Science Foundation [DEB090919184]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program Award [2010100659] FX This study was part of J.N.D.'s doctoral dissertation research and was funded by the following sources: Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering-Multidisciplinary Environmental Research Award for Graduate Students (J.N.D.), John Rankin Scholarship Fund to the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Connecticut State Museum of Natural History (J.N.D.), Sigma Xi Grants-in-Aid of Research Award (J.N.D.), Connecticut State University-American Association of University Professors (CSU-AAUP) Research Grant (M.Y.M.), and MVAO. Stickleback sampling and crosses were supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB090919184 (M.A.B.) and a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program Award, ID#: 2010100659 (J.L.R.). We thank A. Hendry, K. Peichel, J. Velotta, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful critiques of this manuscript. Further advice was provided by John Baker, Elizabeth Jockusch, Makoto Kusakabe; and Miranda Lynch. We thank the following for assistance with field collection, fish care, dissection, or data analysis: S. Beynor, S. Ehrlich, D. Eidam, A. Ford, A. Hernandez, S. Lim, B. Lohman, S. Luongo, N. Murphy, M. O'Dea (1962-2014), C. Roberge, Z. Skelton, L. Stein, R. Toth, and J. Velotta. All experimentation on animals was approved by the University of Connecticut's IACUC (Protocols A10-013 and A13-019). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 16 U2 16 PU EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1522-0613 EI 1937-3791 J9 EVOL ECOL RES JI Evol. Ecol. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 17 IS 2 BP 179 EP 201 PG 23 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DV7II UT WOS:000383109200003 ER PT J AU Hintz, L Eshleman, MM Foxx, A Wood, TE Kramer, A AF Hintz, Lisa Eshleman, Magdalena M. Foxx, Alicia Wood, Troy E. Kramer, Andrea TI POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION IN EARLY LIFE HISTORY TRAITS OF CLEOME LUTEA VAR. LUTEA IN THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SEED TRANSFER ZONES; LOCAL ADAPTATION; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-BASIN; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; COLORADO PLATEAU; GENE FLOW; CONCEPTUAL ISSUES; NATURAL-SELECTION; FLOWERING TIME AB Large-scale restoration is occurring in many areas of the western United States and the use of genetically appropriate native plant seed is expected to increase the success of restoration efforts. Thus, determining intraspecific variation among populations and its driving forces are the first steps in successful seed sourcing. Here, we examine intraspecific variation of characters expressed in early life history stages of Cleome lutea var. lutea, an annual forb native to the western United States that has attracted increasing attention as a restoration species because it provisions diverse pollinators. We conducted a common garden experiment comprised of 9 populations sourced from across the Intermountain West in a climate-controlled growth chamber. We measured 10 life history and morphological traits and found significant among-population differences for 9 of them, including seed germination requirements and flowering status. With the exception of seed germination, this variation was not effectively captured by broad ecoregion delineations, nor was it significantly explained by source site climatic differences or geographic distance between sites. However, flowering status was significantly explained by latitude of the source population (P = 0.033), suggesting that among-population variation reflects divergent adaptation to photoperiod. The variation in life history traits that differentiates our study populations indicates that informed seed sourcing will be necessary when using C. lutea var. lutea for restoration. More comprehensive spatial sampling that stratifies both environmental and geographic variates is needed to determine the drivers of population differentiation and the scale of local adaptation in this species. Such sampling can be used to better inform appropriate seed sourcing decisions. Until then, a cautious approach to sourcing this species for use in restoration is indicated. C1 [Hintz, Lisa] Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. [Eshleman, Magdalena M.; Foxx, Alicia] Northwestern Univ, Program Plant Biol & Conservat, Evanston, IL USA. [Wood, Troy E.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Kramer, Andrea] Chicago Bot Garden, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA. RP Kramer, A (reprint author), Chicago Bot Garden, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA. EM akranier@chicagobotanic.org FU Bureau of Land Management's Plant Conservation Program; National Science Foundation REU Grant [0648972] FX We are grateful to Shannon Still for valuable statistics help and to Grace Guarraia and Jada Washington for project assistance and data acquisition. Thanks also to seed providers, including the USDA Germplasm Resource Information Network, Patty West and other collectors for the BLM Seeds of Success Program, and Steve Parr at the Upper Colorado Environmental Plant Center. The Kramer-Havens lab group and Dr. Dylan Fischer provided valuable feedback on previous versions of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the Bureau of Land Management's Plant Conservation Program and National Science Foundation REU Grant 0648972. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD MAR PY 2016 VL 76 IS 1 BP 6 EP 17 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DS6GB UT WOS:000380879000002 ER PT J AU Roberts, AJ Conover, MR Vest, JL AF Roberts, Anthony J. Conover, Michael R. Vest, Josh L. TI ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON WINTERING DUCK ABUNDANCE AT GREAT SALT LAKE, UTAH SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FEMALE NORTHERN PINTAILS; COMMON GOLDENEYES; DABBLING DUCKS; BODY-MASS; WATERFOWL; MISSISSIPPI; MOVEMENTS; SELECTION; ECOLOGY; VALLEY AB North American waterfowl winter throughout a large geographic area, and the choice of wintering site has a direct impact on survival and fitness. Climatic and food variables are the most commonly cited factors influencing abundance and distribution of wintering migratory birds, including waterfowl. We conducted stratified aerial surveys at a northern latitude wintering site, Great Salt Lake (GSL), Utah, to describe the importance of this wintering area and to examine the influence of weather and food on the abundance of total ducks, Northern Shovelers (Anas clypeata), and goldeneye species (Bucephala spp.). Surveys indicated that up to 270,000 ducks use the GSL during winter, making it an important wintering area in the Pacific Flyway. Peak abundance of total ducks was positively correlated with overwinter temperatures. Northern Shoveler abundance was positively correlated with elevation of the GSL; higher lake elevation indicated more open water and hence more overwintering habitat. Goldeneye abundance was correlated with the continental population of the species and food abundance. All models had moderate fit (r(2) > 0.40). The GSL is unique in the United States as it is a large body of water where consistent ice cover does not occur and foraging habitat is available to ducks throughout winter. Our results suggest that ambient temperature and habitat availability are primary factors in the abundance of total wintering waterfowl, though food abundance seemed to influence wintering population size of individual duck species. We hypothesize that ducks endure the cold, hypersaline conditions on the GSL to exploit the abundant food supply and remain close to primary breeding regions. C1 [Roberts, Anthony J.; Conover, Michael R.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Vest, Josh L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Intermt West Joint Venture, Missoula, MT USA. RP Roberts, AJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tony.roberts@aggiemail.usu.edu FU Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR); Great Salt Lake Ecosystem Program; Utah Agricultural Station; Utah State University FX This research was supported by Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR), Great Salt Lake Ecosystem Program, Utah Agricultural Station, and Utah State University. The manuscript was approved as journal paper number 8566. We thank J. Luft, T. Aldrich, J. Dolling, R. Hansen, J. Neill, C. Persehon, and J. Van Leeuwen for their assistance as observers in aerial surveys. We especially thank UDWR pilots C. Schaffer and C. Hunt for their expert pilot services, cooperation, and patience in conducting and scheduling aerial surveys. We thank J. Bissonette and J. Neill for comments on previous drafts. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD MAR PY 2016 VL 76 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DS6GB UT WOS:000380879000003 ER PT J AU Gosselin, EN Holbrook, JD Huggler, K Brown, E Vierling, KT Arkle, RS Pilliod, DS AF Gosselin, Elyce N. Holbrook, Joseph D. Huggler, Katey Brown, Emily Vierling, Kerri T. Arkle, Robert S. Pilliod, David S. TI ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING OF HARVESTER ANTS: EFFECTS ON VEGETATION IN A SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID POGONOMYRMEX-RUGOSUS NESTS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SEED RESOURCES; BIG SAGEBRUSH; DESERT; OCCIDENTALIS; CONSERVATION; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; ORGANISMS AB Harvester ants are influential in many ecosystems because they distribute and consume seeds, remove vegetation, and redistribute soil particles and nutrients. Understanding the interaction between harvester ants and plant communities is important for management and restoration efforts, particularly in systems altered by fire and invasive species such as the sagebrush-steppe. Our objective was to evaluate how vegetation cover changed as a function of distance from Owyhee harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex salinus) nests within a sagebrush-steppe ecosystem. We sampled 105 harvester ant nests within southern Idaho, USA, that occurred in different habitats: annual grassland, perennial grassland, and native shrubland. The influence of Owyhee harvester ants on vegetation was larger at the edge of ant nests, but the relationship was inconsistent among plant species. Percent cover was positively associated with distance from harvester ant nests for plant species that were considered undesirable food sources and were densely distributed. However, percent cover was negatively associated with distance-from-nests for patchily distributed and desirable plant species. For some plant species, there was no change in cover associated with distance-from-nests. Total vegetation cover was associated with distance-from-nests in the shrubland habitat but not in the 2 grasslands. The dominant plant species in the shrubland habitat was a densely distributed shrub (winterfat, Krascheninnikocia lanata) that was defoliated by harvester ants. Our results suggest that Owyhee harvester ants increase spatial heterogeneity in plant communities through plant clearing, but the direction and magnitude of effect will likely be contingent on the dominant vegetation groups. This information may inform future management and plant restoration efforts in sagebrush-steppe by directly considering the islands of influence associated with harvester ant engineering. C1 [Gosselin, Elyce N.; Holbrook, Joseph D.; Huggler, Katey; Brown, Emily; Vierling, Kerri T.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Arkle, Robert S.; Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Holbrook, JD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jholhrook03@gmail.com RI Vierling, Kerri/N-6653-2016 FU Doris Duke Conservation Scholars Program Collaborative; U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Research Unit FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Doris Duke Conservation Scholars Program Collaborative and the U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Research Unit. We sincerely thank M. Modlin for assisting with fieldwork. We thank J. MeIver, J. Rachlow, and C. Conway for providing comments that improved this manuscript. This is contribution 1088 of the University of Idaho Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 12 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD MAR PY 2016 VL 76 IS 1 BP 82 EP 89 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DS6GB UT WOS:000380879000008 ER PT J AU Collins, GH AF Collins, Gail H. TI SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION AND ROUTES OF PRONGHORN IN THE NORTHERN GREAT BASIN SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID YELLOWSTONE PRONGHORN; MIGRATION CORRIDOR; SAGEBRUSH HABITATS; CONSERVATION; MOVEMENTS; COMMUNITIES; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; SCIENCE; DAKOTA AB Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) exhibit complex spatial and temporal variation in seasonal movements and range use across their distribution. However, knowledge of seasonal movements, routes, and distribution of pronghorn within the sagebrush-steppe of the northern Great Basin is lacking. From October 2011 to October 2013, I monitored movements of adult female pronghorn across an area of over 1.5 million hectares along the northwestern Nevada and southeastern Oregon border using GPS/VHF-equipped collars. I used 68,834 GPS locations from 32 female pronghorn to determine migration timing, seasonal distributions, individual fidelity to winter and summer ranges, and population-level routes used during the migration period. Collared pronghorn were conditionally migratory, with 65% migrating an average of 30.0 km the first year and 100% migrating an average of 39.1 km the second; one individual migrated over 160 km between summer and winter ranges. Seasonal ranges averaged 143.3 km(2) during the summer, and from 252.9 to 459.9 km(2) during the winter (2010/2011 and 2011/2012, respectively). Individual pronghorn demonstrated wide variation in directional movement between summer and winter ranges, and there was high overlap of common areas across seasons and time periods. Pronghorn showed stronger fidelity to summer ranges than to winter ranges, and occupied higher elevations during the summer months, descending to lower elevations during the winter. Deeper snow and colder temperatures in 2012/2013 compared to 2011/2012 corresponded to longer average migration distances, fewer exploratory movements, larger winter ranges, lower elevational use, and a shift in winter range location. Habitat conversion, degradation, and fragmentation have accumulated across the sagebrush-steppe biome and are negatively affecting the long-term persistence of dependent wildlife. Applying knowledge of important seasonal use areas and routes used during migration in future conservation planning can mitigate impacts to pronghorn habitat and provide for long-term conservation. C1 [Collins, Gail H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Box 111, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. RP Collins, GH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Box 111, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. EM gail_collins@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This work was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and conducted under permits #S34640 (Nevada) and #138-11 (Oregon). M. Cox, C. Foster, C. Hampson, and P. Wolff provided input and review of capture protocols. Leading Edge Aviation (Lewiston, ID) provided helicopter capture services. J. Romero and J. Greenhalgh provided aerial telemetry and monitoring (Owyhee Air Research, Inc., Nampa, ID). I thank S. Kovach for invaluable guidance with ArcGIS, GME, and Python and R programming. J. Kasbohm, D. Miller, P. Steblein, and R. West were instrumental in ongoing project support. P Emerson (JL Aviation, Boring, OR), B. Day, A. Collins, C. Foster, E Healy, J. Kasbohm, K. Lopez, and S. Ludwig assisted with collar retrievals. Comments from A. Collins, J. Kasbohm, S. Kovach, and S. Ludwig improved early drafts of the manuscript. I appreciate the critical insights of the editors and anonymous reviewers. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 7 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD MAR PY 2016 VL 76 IS 1 BP 101 EP 112 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DS6GB UT WOS:000380879000010 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM Journey, CA Clark, J AF Bradley, Paul M. Journey, Celeste A. Clark, Jimmy TI Effect of Wastewater Treatment Facility Closure on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in a Coastal Plain Stream SO REMEDIATION-THE JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CLEANUP COSTS TECHNOLOGIES & TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; IN-VIVO; ESTROGENIC CHEMICALS; FLAME RETARDANTS; TRIS(1,3-DICHLORO-2-PROPYL) PHOSPHATE; ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOS/LARVAE; STEROIDAL ESTROGENS; SURFACE WATERS AB Wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) closures are rare environmental remediation events; offering unique insight into contaminant persistence, long-term wastewater impacts, and ecosystem recovery processes. The U.S. Geological Survey assessed the fate of select endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) in surface water and streambed sediment one year before and one year after closure of a long-term WWTF located within the Spirit Creek watershed at Fort Gordon, Georgia. Sample sites included a WWTF-effluent control located upstream from the outfall, three downstream effluent-impacted sites located between the outfall and Spirit Lake, and one downstream from the lake's outfall. Prior to closure, the 2.2-km stream segment downstream from the WWTF outfall was characterized by EDC concentrations significantly higher (alpha = 0.05) than at the control site; indicating substantial downstream transport and limited in-stream attenuation of EDC, including pharmaceuticals, estrogens, alkylphenol ethoxylate (APE) metabolites, and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFR). Wastewater-derived pharmaceutical, APE metabolites, and OPFR compounds were also detected in the outflow of Spirit Lake, indicating the potential for EDC transport to aquatic ecosystems downstream of Fort Gordon under effluent discharge conditions. After the WWTF closure, no significant differences in concentrations or numbers of detected EDC compounds were observed between control and downstream locations. The results indicated EDC pseudo-persistence under preclosure, continuous supply conditions, with rapid attenuation following WWTF closure. Low concentrations of EDC at the control site throughout the study and comparable concentrations in downstream locations after WWTF closure indicated additional, continuing, upstream contaminant sources within the Spirit Creek watershed. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Bradley, Paul M.; Clark, Jimmy] US Geol Survey, South Atlantic Water Sci Ctr Columbia, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Journey, Celeste A.] South Atlantic Water Sci Ctr Columbia, Columbia, SC USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, South Atlantic Water Sci Ctr Columbia, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. OI Journey, Celeste/0000-0002-2284-5851 NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-5658 EI 1520-6831 J9 REMEDIATION JI Remediation PD SPR PY 2016 VL 26 IS 2 BP 9 EP 24 DI 10.1002/rem.21455 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA DQ8XZ UT WOS:000379496300002 ER PT J AU Drielsma, JA Allington, R Brady, T Guinee, J Hammarstrom, J Hummen, T Russell-Vaccari, A Schneider, L Sonnemann, G Weihed, P AF Drielsma, Johannes A. Allington, Ruth Brady, Thomas Guinee, Jeroen Hammarstrom, Jane Hummen, Torsten Russell-Vaccari, Andrea Schneider, Laura Sonnemann, Guido Weihed, Par TI Abiotic Raw-Materials in Life Cycle Impact Assessments: An Emerging Consensus across Disciplines SO RESOURCES-BASEL LA English DT Article DE abiotic natural resources; Life Cycle Assessment; minerals; mining; ore grades; reserves; resource availability; resource scarcity; safeguard subject; raw-materials AB This paper captures some of the emerging consensus points that came out of the workshop "Mineral Resources in Life Cycle Impact Assessment: Mapping the path forward", held at the Natural History Museum London on 14 October 2015: that current practices rely in many instances on obsolete data, often confuse resource depletion with impacts on resource availability, which can therefore provide inconsistent decision support and lead to misguided claims about environmental performance. Participants agreed it would be helpful to clarify which models estimate depletion and which estimate availability, so that results can be correctly reported in the most appropriate framework. Most participants suggested that resource availability will be more meaningfully addressed within a comprehensive Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment framework rather than limited to an environmental Life Cycle Assessment or Footprint. Presentations from each of the authors are available for download [1]. C1 [Drielsma, Johannes A.] European Assoc Min Ind Met Ores & Ind Minerals Eu, Ave Broqueville Broquevillelaan 12, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium. [Allington, Ruth] Comm Mineral Reserves Int Reporting Stand CRIRSCO, Pan European Reserves & Resources Reporting Comm, EFG Off, Serv Geol Belgique, Rue Jenner 13, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Brady, Thomas] Newmt Min, 6363 South Fiddlers Green Circle Suite 800, Greenwood Village, CO 80111 USA. [Guinee, Jeroen] Leiden Univ, Inst Environm Sci CML, Einsteinweg 2, NL-2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands. [Hammarstrom, Jane] USGS, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hummen, Torsten] Fraunhofer Inst Syst & Innovat Res ISI, Competence Ctr Sustainabil & Infrastruct Syst, Breslauer Str 48, D-76139 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Russell-Vaccari, Andrea] Align Consulting, 1134 Cross Creek Ct, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. [Schneider, Laura] Econsense Forum Sustainable Dev German Business, Oberwallstr 24, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [Sonnemann, Guido] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, Life Cycle Grp CyVi, ISM,UMR 5255, 351 Cours Liberat Bat A12, F-33405 Talence, France. [Weihed, Par] Lulea Tech Univ, S-97187 Lulea, Sweden. RP Drielsma, JA (reprint author), European Assoc Min Ind Met Ores & Ind Minerals Eu, Ave Broqueville Broquevillelaan 12, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium. EM drielsma@euromines.be; RuthA@gwp.uk.com; Thomas.Brady@Newmont.com; guinee@cml.leidenuniv.nl; jhammars@usgs.gov; torsten.hummen@isi.fraunhofer.de; andrea@alignconsultants.com; l.schneider@econsense.de; guido.sonnemann@u-bordeaux.fr; Par.Weihed@ltu.se NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2079-9276 J9 RESOURCES-BASEL JI Resources-Basel PD MAR PY 2016 VL 5 IS 1 AR 12 DI 10.3390/resources5010012 PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DP5IR UT WOS:000378530000011 ER PT J AU Meinert, LD Robinson, GR Nassar, NT AF Meinert, Lawrence D. Robinson, Gilpin R., Jr. Nassar, Nedal T. TI Mineral Resources: Reserves, Peak Production and the Future SO RESOURCES-BASEL LA English DT Article DE mineral resources; peak copper; sustainability; limits to growth; reserves; production; depletion; life cycle assessment; material flow; ecosystem services ID LONG-RUN AVAILABILITY; DETAILED ASSESSMENT; COPPER RESOURCES; SUSTAINABILITY; DEPLETION; SOCIETY; METALS; STOCKS AB The adequacy of mineral resources in light of population growth and rising standards of living has been a concern since the time of Malthus (1798), but many studies erroneously forecast impending peak production or exhaustion because they confuse reserves with "all there is". Reserves are formally defined as a subset of resources, and even current and potential resources are only a small subset of "all there is". Peak production or exhaustion cannot be modeled accurately from reserves. Using copper as an example, identified resources are twice as large as the amount projected to be needed through 2050. Estimates of yet-to-be discovered copper resources are up to 40-times more than currently-identified resources, amounts that could last for many centuries. Thus, forecasts of imminent peak production due to resource exhaustion in the next 20-30 years are not valid. Short-term supply problems may arise, however, and supply-chain disruptions are possible at any time due to natural disasters (earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes) or political complications. Needed to resolve these problems are education and exploration technology development, access to prospective terrain, better recycling and better accounting of externalities associated with production (pollution, loss of ecosystem services and water and energy use). C1 [Meinert, Lawrence D.; Robinson, Gilpin R., Jr.; Nassar, Nedal T.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 913, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Meinert, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 913, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM Lmeinert@usgs.gov; grobinso@usgs.gov; nnassar@usgs.gov OI Nassar, Nedal/0000-0001-8758-9732 NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 9 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2079-9276 J9 RESOURCES-BASEL JI Resources-Basel PD MAR PY 2016 VL 5 IS 1 AR 14 DI 10.3390/resources5010014 PG 14 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DP5IR UT WOS:000378530000013 ER PT J AU Smith, NR Hess, TJ Afton, AD AF Smith, Nickolas R. Hess, Thomas J., Jr. Afton, Alan D. TI History and Nesting Population of Bald Eagles in Louisiana SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; RECOVERY; SURVIVAL; RATES; TEXAS; HABITAT; FLORIDA; MODELS AB The population of nesting Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Bald Eagle) in Louisiana reached precariously low numbers in the early 1970s after experiencing marked declines similar to the rest of the continental population. From 1975 to 2008, aerial surveys of all known nests have been conducted within the state to monitor the population. We used data collected over the 34-year nest-monitoring program to quantify the recovery of the nesting population in Louisiana. Active nests increased exponentially from 7 to 387, exhibiting a mean annual rate of increase of 11.1 +/- 0.3% per year with no indications of slowing. Accounting for increases in nests over the monitoring period, we found relatively slight changes in reproduction, with productivity and brood size peaking in 2000 and 1999. By 1990, the nesting population in Louisiana had exceeded each goal of the Southeastern States Bald Eagle Recovery Plan, and the species was removed from the federal list of endangered and threatened wildlife in 2007. However, the continued stability and growth of the nesting population may depend on the ability of Bald Eagles to cope with increasing levels of human activity, as well as the protection and availability of current and future nesting habitats. C1 [Smith, Nickolas R.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Smith, Nickolas R.] Ducks Unltd Inc, One Waterfowl Way, Memphis, TN 38120 USA. [Hess, Thomas J., Jr.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, 5476 Grand Chenier Hwy, Grand Chenier, LA 70743 USA. [Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Smith, NR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.; Smith, NR (reprint author), Ducks Unltd Inc, One Waterfowl Way, Memphis, TN 38120 USA. EM nrsmith@ducks.org FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; US Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Federal Aid, through Louisiana State Wildlife Grant [T-98]; US Geological Survey-Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; School of Renewable Natural Resources at Louisiana State University; Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge Trust FX We dedicate this manuscript to the memory of Thomas Hess Jr., our co-author who devoted much of his career to the Bald Eagles of Louisiana. Financial support for this study and its publication were provided by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries and the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Federal Aid, through Louisiana State Wildlife Grant T-98, the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge Trust, the US Geological Survey-Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the School of Renewable Natural Resources at Louisiana State University. We acknowledge the work of W. Dubuc, R. Aycock, G. Melancon, J. Linscombe, and all the individuals from US Fish and Wildlife Service and Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries who assisted with Louisiana's nest-monitoring program since 1975. We also thank the landowners who contributed information on nesting eagles. We appreciate W. Selman, D. Blouin, L. Wang, and 3 anonymous reviewers for providing critical comments on this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 15 IS 1 BP 12 EP 25 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO8WI UT WOS:000378065700005 ER PT J AU Hitt, NP Floyd, M Compton, M McDonald, K AF Hitt, Nathaniel P. Floyd, Michael Compton, Michael McDonald, Kenneth TI Threshold Responses of Blackside Dace (Chrosomus cumberlandensis) and Kentucky Arrow Darter (Etheostoma spilotum) to Stream Conductivity SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID BOOSTED REGRESSION TREES; PHOXINUS-CUMBERLANDENSIS; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; CONSERVATION STATUS; HEADWATER STREAMS; FISH CONDITION; VALLEY FILLS; FRESH-WATER; MOUNTAINTOP; USA AB Chrosomus cumberlandensis (Blackside Dace [BSD]) and Etheostoma spilotum (Kentucky Arrow Darter [KAD]) are fish species of conservation concern due to their fragmented distributions, their low population sizes, and threats from anthropogenic stressors in the southeastern United States. We evaluated the relationship between fish abundance and stream conductivity, an index of environmental quality and potential physiological stressor. We modeled occurrence and abundance of KAD in the upper Kentucky River basin (208 samples) and BSD in the upper Cumberland River basin (294 samples) for sites sampled between 2003 and 2013. Segmented regression indicated a conductivity change-point for BSD abundance at 343 mu S/cm (95% CI: 123-563 mu S/cm) and for KAD abundance at 261 mu S/cm (95% CI: 151-370 mu S/cm). In both cases, abundances were negligible above estimated conductivity change-points. Post-hoc randomizations accounted for variance in estimated change points due to unequal sample sizes across the conductivity gradients. Boosted regression-tree analysis indicated stronger effects of conductivity than other natural and anthropogenic factors known to influence stream fishes. Boosted regression trees further indicated threshold responses of BSD and KAD occurrence to conductivity gradients in support of segmented regression results. We suggest that the observed conductivity relationship may indicate energetic limitations for insectivorous fishes due to changes in benthic macroinvertebrate community composition. C1 [Hitt, Nathaniel P.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Floyd, Michael] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kentucky Ecol Serv Field Off, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Compton, Michael] Kentucky State Nat Preserves Commiss, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [McDonald, Kenneth] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Tennessee Ecol Serv Field Off, Cookeville, TN 38501 USA. RP Hitt, NP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM nhitt@usgs.gov FU USFWS Science FX We thank H. Mattingly (TTU), T. Black (TTU), J. Detar (PFBC), M. Thomas (KDFWR), and S. Brandt (KDFWR) for providing critical data for this study. We also thank R. Ford (USFWS), D. Smith (USGS), E. Snook (USGS), J. Young (USGS), S. Faulkner (USGS), C. Ingersoll (USGS), A. Velasco (USFWS), and E. Brett (KSNPC) for administrative and analytical support. Funding for US Geological Survey research (N. Hitt) was provided by the USFWS Science Support Partnership. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 15 IS 1 BP 41 EP 60 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO8WI UT WOS:000378065700007 ER PT J AU Ruble, CL Rakes, PL Shute, JR Welsh, SA AF Ruble, Crystal L. Rakes, Patrick L. Shute, John R. Welsh, Stuart A. TI Captive Propagation, Reproductive Biology, and Early Life History of Etheostoma wapiti (Boulder Darter), E-vulneratum (Wounded Darter), and E-maculatum (Spotted Darter) SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GENE FLOW; EGG SIZE; PERCIDAE; FISHES; RIVER AB Reproductive biology and early life-history data are important for understanding the ecology of fishes. In 2008, we conducted captive propagation studies on 3 species of darters of the subgenus Nothonotus: Etheostoma wapiti (Boulder Darter), E. vulneratum (Wounded Darter), and E. maculatum (Spotted Darter). The length of spawning period and associated range of water temperatures for the Wounded Darter exceeded that of the Spotted Darter and Boulder Darter. The mean number of eggs produced per female was lowest for Boulder Darter and highest in the Wounded Darter. The Boulder Darter had the highest percent of eggs hatched, the lowest percent larval to juvenile stage survivorship, and the lowest mean number of juveniles produced per female. Egg diameters at deposition and prior to hatch were smallest for the Spotted Darter. If reproductive biology and early life-history information from captive fishes represent that of wild populations, then the data obtained during this study are relevant to development and implementation of conservation and management plans for these closely related darter species. C1 [Ruble, Crystal L.; Rakes, Patrick L.; Shute, John R.] Conservat Fisheries Inc, 3424 Div St, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. [Welsh, Stuart A.] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Welsh, SA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM swelsh@wvu.edu FU North Carolina Division of Water Resources (Cheoah Fund); Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank North Carolina Division of Water Resources (Cheoah Fund), Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, and US Fish and Wildlife Service for financial support of this project. Many people assisted with field collections or captive propagation of Boulder Darters, Spotted Darters, and Wounded Darters, including J. Hendricks, M.A. Petty, S. Ramsey, D.M. Smith, and R.A. Xiques. This study was performed under an IACUC protocol approved by West Virginia University. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 15 IS 1 BP 115 EP 126 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO8WI UT WOS:000378065700012 ER PT J AU Powers, KE Reynolds, RJ Orndorff, W Hyzy, BA Hobson, CS Ford, WM AF Powers, Karen E. Reynolds, Richard J. Orndorff, Wil Hyzy, Brenna A. Hobson, Christopher S. Ford, W. Mark TI Monitoring the Status of Gray Bats (Myotis grisescens) in Virginia, 2009-2014, and Potential Impacts of White-nose Syndrome SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CAUSATIVE AGENT; LUCIFUGUS; MODELS AB Myotis grisescens (Gray Bat) is a federally endangered species distributed over the mid-South with a summer range that extends across the upper Tennessee River Basin, including southwest Virginia. Given the onset of White-nose Syndrome (WNS) in the Commonwealth in the winter of 2009, we initiated yearly surveys in late summer 2009 to monitor the status of known summer populations. Our objectives were to examine the relative health of these bats using body mass index (BMI), and determine any changes in juvenile recruitment across sites and years. We did not find any marked changes in BMI across years after WNS for Gray Bats. This finding suggests that surviving bats are either not negatively impacted by WNS or have recovered sufficiently by late summer as to not document obvious differences across years. After limiting our analyses of juvenile recruitment to only the individuals that we had definitively aged via backlit photos (2010-2014), we found a non-significant declining trend in juvenile recruitment; a trend that merits continued monitoring in the years to come. As Gray Bats have only recently shown to be susceptible to WNS infection, it is possible that observable population declines are forthcoming. C1 [Powers, Karen E.; Hyzy, Brenna A.] Radford Univ, Dept Biol, Radford, VA 24142 USA. [Reynolds, Richard J.] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Verona, VA 24482 USA. [Orndorff, Wil] Virginia Dept Conservat & Recreat, Nat Heritage Program, Christiansburg, VA 24073 USA. [Hyzy, Brenna A.] Univ Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Hobson, Christopher S.] Virginia Dept Conservat & Recreat, Nat Heritage Program, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Powers, KE (reprint author), Radford Univ, Dept Biol, Radford, VA 24142 USA. EM kpowers4@radford.edu FU Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries through a White-nose Syndrome Program; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX This study was completed with funds provided by the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries through a White-nose Syndrome Program Grant and Wildlife Restoration Program Grant from the US Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank M. Krager and Natural Tunnel State Park for providing housing for the authors and volunteers. We thank numerous volunteers for assistance in the field: T. (Canniff) Adler, B. Balfour, J. Bentley, R.C. Bland, J. Bower, J. Castle, D. Crowder, E. Crowder, A. Futrell, K. Hamed and his students from Virginia Highlands Community College, J. Huth, A. Kniowski, D. Landgren, T. Malabad, T. McLaughlin, J.A. Pearce, A. Silvis, R. Stewart, J. Vaughn, P. Weldon, J. Wills, C. Zokaites, and J. Zokaites. We are grateful to multiple landowners for allowing access to privately owned sites. The use of any trade, product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 17 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 15 IS 1 BP 127 EP 137 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO8WI UT WOS:000378065700013 ER PT J AU Glorioso, BM Waddle, JH Green, DE Lorch, JM AF Glorioso, Brad M. Waddle, J. Hardin Green, D. Earl Lorch, Jeffrey M. TI First Documented Case of Snake Fungal Disease in a Free-ranging Wild Snake in Louisiana SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID OPHIDIOMYCES-OPHIODIICOLA AB Snake fungal disease (SFD) is a recently documented mycotic disease characterized by scabs or crusty scales, subcutaneous nodules, abnormal molting, cloudiness of the eyes (not associated with molting), and localized thickening or crusting of the skin. SFD has been documented in many species in the Eastern and Midwestern United States within the last decade. SFD has proven lethal in many snakes, and the disease is recognized as an emerging threat to wild snake populations. Herein we describe the first documented case of SFD in Louisiana in a free-ranging wild snake. C1 [Glorioso, Brad M.; Waddle, J. Hardin] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Green, D. Earl; Lorch, Jeffrey M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Glorioso, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM gloriosob@usgs.gov RI Waddle, Hardin/D-3845-2009 OI Waddle, Hardin/0000-0003-1940-2133 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 13 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 15 IS 1 BP N4 EP N6 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO8WI UT WOS:000378065700002 ER PT J AU Andersen, DC AF Andersen, Douglas C. TI FLOW REGIME EFFECTS ON MATURE POPULUS FREMONTII (FREMONT COTTONWOOD) PRODUCTIVITY ON TWO CONTRASTING DRYLAND RIVER FLOODPLAINS SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID EASTERN SIERRA-NEVADA; RIPARIAN COTTONWOODS; TIME-SERIES; TREE GROWTH; FOREST CONSERVATION; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; INSTREAM FLOW; GREEN RIVER; USA; ECOSYSTEMS AB I compared riparian cottonwood (Populus fremontii) productivity-discharge relationships in a relictual stand along the highly regulated Green River and in a naturally functioning stand along the unregulated Yampa River in semiarid northwest Colorado. I used multiple regression to model flow effects on annual basal area increment (BAI) from 1982 to 2011, after removing any autocorrelation present. Each BAI series was developed from 20 trees whose mean size (67 cm diameter at breast height [DBH]) was equivalent in the two stands. BAI was larger in the Yampa River stand except in 2 y when defoliating leaf beetles were present there. I found no evidence for a Yampa flood-magnitude threshold above which BAI declined. Flow variables explained similar to 45% of residual BAI variability, with most explained by current-year maximum 90-d discharge (Q(M90)) in the Yampa River stand and by a measure of the year-to-year change in Q(M90) in the Green River stand. The latter reflects a management-imposed ceiling on flood magnitude-Flaming Gorge Dam power plant capacity-infrequently exceeded during the study period. BAI in the relictual stand began to trend upward in 1992 when flows started to mimic a natural flow regime. Mature Fremont cottonwoods appear to be ecologically resilient. Their productivity along regulated rivers might be optimized using multiyear environmental flow designs. C1 [Andersen, Douglas C.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Andersen, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM doug_andersen@usgs.gov RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013 FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation FX I thank S. M. Nelson and R. Wydoski for help in the field and the staffs of Dinosaur National Monument and Browns Park National Wildlife Refuge for permission to conduct this research. I also thank D. Schook for providing data on predam growth patterns. Comments by J. M. Friedman and anonymous reviewers helped me improve the analysis as well as the manuscript. Partial financial support was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 61 IS 1 BP 8 EP 17 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9DL UT WOS:000378084400002 ER PT J AU Durst, SL Francis, TA AF Durst, Scott L. Francis, Travis A. TI RAZORBACK SUCKER TRANSBASIN MOVEMENT THROUGH LAKE POWELL, UTAH SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SAN-JUAN RIVER; GREEN RIVER; COLORADO RIVER; HABITAT USE; XYRAUCHEN-TEXANUS; ARIZONA; NEVADA; FISH AB We documented four razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) individuals originally stocked in the San Juan River, New Mexico, subsequently recaptured in the Colorado and Green rivers, Utah. Each fish moved >550 km between stocking and recapture locations. The time between detections was 171-1,519 days. These movements included >= 210 km through Lake Powell. Lake Powell was previously thought to be a barrier between razorback sucker populations in the San Juan River and the Colorado and Green rivers. C1 [Durst, Scott L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Ecol Serv Field Off, San Juan River Basin Recovery Implementat Program, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. [Francis, Travis A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, Grand Junction, CO 81501 USA. RP Durst, SL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Ecol Serv Field Off, San Juan River Basin Recovery Implementat Program, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. EM scott_durst@fws.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 61 IS 1 BP 60 EP 63 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9DL UT WOS:000378084400011 ER PT J AU Nolen, MS Taylor, CA Archdeacon, TP Austring, TJ Diver, TA AF Nolen, Matthew S. Taylor, Christopher A. Archdeacon, Thomas P. Austring, Tristan J. Diver, Tracy A. TI CONCHAS CRAYFISH (ORCONECTES DEANAE) RECOGNIZED AS AN ALIEN SPECIES IN THE MIDDLE RIO GRANDE BASIN, NEW MEXICO SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FISH COMMUNITIES; RIVER AB We document the conchas crayfish (Orconectes deanae) as another introduced crayfish in the middle Rio Grande. We collected O. deanae in the Rio Grande and its associated ditches between Belen and La Joya, New Mexico. We did not collect O. deanae from the adjacent Pecos River; further sampling is necessary to determine the full range and impact of this alien species in the Rio Grande drainage. C1 [Nolen, Matthew S.; Archdeacon, Thomas P.; Austring, Tristan J.; Diver, Tracy A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 3800 Commons Ave Northeast, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Taylor, Christopher A.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, 1816 South Oak St,MC-652, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Nolen, MS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 3800 Commons Ave Northeast, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. EM msnolen18@gmail.com FU Middle Rio Grande Endangered Species Collaborative Program FX Funding was provided through the Middle Rio Grande Endangered Species Collaborative Program and administered by the Bureau of Reclamation, Albuquerque, New Mexico. The views expressed in this paper are ours and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 61 IS 1 BP 68 EP 71 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9DL UT WOS:000378084400013 ER PT J AU Engel, P Kwong, WK McFrederick, Q Anderson, KE Barribeau, SM Chandler, JA Cornman, RS Dainat, J de Miranda, JR Doublet, V Emery, O Evans, JD Farinelli, L Flenniken, ML Granberg, F Grasis, JA Gauthier, L Hayer, J Koch, H Kocher, S Martinson, VG Moran, N Munoz-Torres, M Newton, I Paxton, RJ Powell, E Sadd, BM Schmid-Hempel, P Schmid-Hempel, R Song, SJ Schwarz, RS Vanengelsdorp, D Dainat, B AF Engel, Philipp Kwong, Waldan K. McFrederick, Quinn Anderson, Kirk E. Barribeau, Seth Michael Chandler, James Angus Cornman, R. Scott Dainat, Jacques de Miranda, Joachim R. Doublet, Vincent Emery, Olivier Evans, Jay D. Farinelli, Laurent Flenniken, Michelle L. Granberg, Fredrik Grasis, Juris A. Gauthier, Laurent Hayer, Juliette Koch, Hauke Kocher, Sarah Martinson, Vincent G. Moran, Nancy Munoz-Torres, Monica Newton, Irene Paxton, Robert J. Powell, Eli Sadd, Ben M. Schmid-Hempel, Paul Schmid-Hempel, Regula Song, Se Jin Schwarz, Ryan S. vanengelsdorp, Dennis Dainat, Benjamin TI The Bee Microbiome: Impact on Bee Health and Model for Evolution and Ecology of Host-Microbe Interactions SO MBIO LA English DT Review ID HONEYBEE APIS-MELLIFERA; DEFORMED-WING-VIRUS; PATHOGENS NOSEMA-CERANAE; COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER; GUT MICROBIOTA; BUMBLE BEES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; DEFENSE-MECHANISMS; DIVERSITY; INFECTION AB As pollinators, bees are cornerstones for terrestrial ecosystem stability and key components in agricultural productivity. All animals, including bees, are associated with a diverse community of microbes, commonly referred to as the micro biome. The bee micro biome is likely to be a crucial factor affecting host health. However, with the exception of a few pathogens, the impacts of most members of the bee microbiome on host health are poorly understood. Further, the evolutionary and ecological forces that shape and change the microbiome are unclear. Here, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of the bee microbiome, and we present challenges associated with its investigation. We conclude that global coordination of research efforts is needed to fully understand the complex and highly dynamic nature of the interplay between the bee micro biome, its host, and the environment. High-throughput sequencing technologies are ideal for exploring complex biological systems, including host-microbe interactions. To maximize their value and to improve assessment of the factors affecting bee health, sequence data should be archived, curated, and analyzed in ways that promote the synthesis of different studies. To this end, the BeeBiome consortium aims to develop an online database which would provide reference sequences, archive metadata, and host analytical resources. The goal would be to support applied and fundamental research on bees and their associated microbes and to provide a collaborative framework for sharing primary data from different research programs, thus furthering our understanding of the bee microbiome and its impact on pollinator health. C1 [Engel, Philipp; Emery, Olivier; Gauthier, Laurent; Dainat, Benjamin] Univ Lausanne, Dept Fundamental Microbiol, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Kwong, Waldan K.; Gauthier, Laurent] Yale Univ, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT USA. [Kwong, Waldan K.; Koch, Hauke; Moran, Nancy; Powell, Eli] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [McFrederick, Quinn] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Anderson, Kirk E.] USDA, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Barribeau, Seth Michael] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC USA. [Chandler, James Angus] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Microbiol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Cornman, R. Scott] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Dainat, Jacques] Linkopings Univ Victoria Westling, BILS, Linkoping, Sweden. [Dainat, Jacques] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Biochem & Microbiol, Uppsala, Sweden. [de Miranda, Joachim R.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, Uppsala, Sweden. [Doublet, Vincent; Paxton, Robert J.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, D-06108 Halle, Germany. [Doublet, Vincent; Paxton, Robert J.] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany. [Evans, Jay D.; Schwarz, Ryan S.] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Farinelli, Laurent] Fasteris SA, Plan Les Ouates, Switzerland. [Flenniken, Michelle L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Granberg, Fredrik] BVF, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden. [Grasis, Juris A.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, North Life Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Hayer, Juliette] SLU, Inst Husdjursgenet, Uppsala, Sweden. [Koch, Hauke] Royal Bot Gardens, Richmond, Surrey, England. [Kocher, Sarah] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Martinson, Vincent G.] Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Munoz-Torres, Monica] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Genom & Syst Biol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Newton, Irene] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN USA. [Sadd, Ben M.] Illinois State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Normal, IL 61761 USA. [Schmid-Hempel, Paul; Schmid-Hempel, Regula] ETHZ Inst Integrat Biol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Song, Se Jin] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [vanengelsdorp, Dennis] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dainat, Benjamin] Swiss Bee Resegman Ctr, Bern, Switzerland. [Dainat, Benjamin] Apiservice, Bee Hlth Extens Serv, Bern, Switzerland. [Chandler, James Angus; Dainat, Benjamin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Engel, P (reprint author), Univ Lausanne, Dept Fundamental Microbiol, Lausanne, Switzerland.; Dainat, B (reprint author), Apiservice, Bee Hlth Extens Serv, Bern, Switzerland.; Dainat, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM philipp.engel@unil.ch; benjamin.dainat@agroscope.admin.ch RI Paxton, Robert/D-7082-2015; Doublet, Vincent/D-8050-2015; Granberg, Fredrik/F-2325-2014; OI Paxton, Robert/0000-0003-2517-1351; Doublet, Vincent/0000-0002-6313-1222; Granberg, Fredrik/0000-0001-5497-9611; Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Grasis, Juris/0000-0002-3945-0135; Rodrigues de Miranda, Joachim/0000-0002-0335-0386; Sadd, Ben/0000-0003-3136-5144 FU National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent), NSF [EF-0905606] FX This manuscript arose from the discussions by the Bee Microbiome consortium at the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) workshop "BeeBiome:Omic approaches for understanding bee microbe relationships" held in Durham, NC, USA from 20 to 24th October 2014. The workshop was supported by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent), grant NSF #EF-0905606 to B.D., P.E., J.R.M., J.D.E., and L.G. NR 100 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 32 U2 56 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2150-7511 J9 MBIO JI mBio PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 7 IS 2 AR e02164 DI 10.1128/mBio.02164-15 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DO4QT UT WOS:000377768700029 PM 27118586 ER PT J AU Leach, CB Webb, CT Cross, PC AF Leach, Clinton B. Webb, Colleen T. Cross, Paul C. TI When environmentally persistent pathogens transform good habitat into ecological traps SO ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE disease; metapopulation; habitat quality; environmental transmission; ecological trap ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; MULE DEER; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; PRION DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIC; PLAGUE; POPULATIONS; NETWORKS; WILDLIFE AB Habitat quality plays an important role in the dynamics and stability of wildlife metapopulations. However, the benefits of high-quality habitat may be modulated by the presence of an environmentally persistent pathogen. In some cases, the presence of environmental pathogen reservoirs on high-quality habitat may lead to the creation of ecological traps, wherein host individuals preferentially colonize high-quality habitat, but are then exposed to increased infection risk and disease-induced mortality. We explored this possibility through the development of a stochastic patch occupancy model, where we varied the pathogen's virulence, transmission rate and environmental persistence as well as the distribution of habitat quality in the host metapopulation. This model suggests that for pathogens with intermediate levels of spread, high-quality habitat can serve as an ecological trap, and can be detrimental to host persistence relative to low-quality habitat. This inversion of the relative roles of high-and low-quality habitat highlights the importance of considering the interaction between spatial structure and pathogen transmission when managing wildlife populations exposed to an environmentally persistent pathogen. C1 [Leach, Clinton B.; Webb, Colleen T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northen Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Leach, CB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM clint.leach@colostate.edu RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012; OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213; Leach, Clinton/0000-0003-4280-0375 FU USGS [101485]; NSF [DGE-1321845] FX This work was supported by USGS Cooperative Agreement 101485, and NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, no. DGE-1321845. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 2054-5703 J9 ROY SOC OPEN SCI JI R. Soc. Open Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 3 IS 3 AR 160051 DI 10.1098/rsos.160051 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DO7NL UT WOS:000377969200034 PM 27069672 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Ebener, MP Krabbenhoft, DP AF Madenjian, Charles P. Ebener, Mark P. Krabbenhoft, David P. TI Mercury Accumulation, and the Mercury-PCB-Sex Interaction, in Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) SO ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE atmospheric deposition; bioenergetics modeling; consumption advisories; gross growth efficiency; Hg-elimination rates; tracers of food consumption ID FISH CONSUMPTION ADVISORIES; TROPHIC TRANSFER EFFICIENCY; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; BIOENERGETICS MODELS; METHYL MERCURY; METHYLMERCURY; MICHIGAN; MICE; REGION AB We determined whole-fish Hg concentrations of 26 female and 34 male adult lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from northern Lake Huron captured during November 2010. Subsampling from these 60 fish, Hg concentration was also determined in both somatic tissue and ovaries (n = 5), while methylmercury (MeHg) concentration was determined in whole fish (n = 18). Bioenergetics modeling was used to assess the growth dilution effect on the difference in Hg concentrations between the sexes. Mean whole-fish Hg concentration in females (59.9 ng/g) was not significantly different from mean whole-fish Hg concentration in males (54.4 ng/g). MeHg accounted for 91% of the mercury found in the lake whitefish. Bioenergetics modeling results indicated that the growth dilution effect did not contribute to the difference in Hg concentrations between the sexes. We estimated that females increased in Hg concentration by 17.9%, on average, immediately after spawning due to release of eggs. Using polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) data for the same 60 lake whitefish from a previous study, we detected a significant interaction between sex and contaminant type (Hg or PCBs), which was attributable to males being significantly higher in PCB concentration than females. Males may be eliminating Hg at a faster rate than females. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Ebener, Mark P.] Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Intertribal Fisheries & Assessment Program, 179 West Three Mile Rd, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov; mebener@lighthouse.com; dpkrabbe@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 9 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2076-3298 J9 ENVIRONMENTS JI Environments PD MAR PY 2016 VL 3 IS 1 AR 7 DI 10.3390/environments3010007 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA DO3ZM UT WOS:000377721300006 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Eagles-Smith, CA Herzog, MP Hartman, CA AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Herzog, Mark P. Hartman, C. Alex TI Maternal transfer of contaminants in birds: Mercury and selenium concentrations in parents and their eggs SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Birds; Eggs; Mercury; Selenium; Maternal transfer ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; TERNS STERNA-FORSTERI; ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; LAYING SEQUENCE; BODY CONDITION; NORTH-AMERICA; COMMON LOONS; SPACE USE; METHYLMERCURY; FEATHERS AB We conducted a detailed assessment of the maternal transfer of mercury and selenium to eggs in three bird species (n = 107 parents and n = 339 eggs), and developed predictive equations linking contaminant concentrations in eggs to those in six tissues of the mother (blood, muscle, liver, kidney, breast feathers, and head feathers). Mercury concentrations in eggs were positively correlated with mercury concentrations in each of the mother's internal tissues (R-2 >= 0.95), but generally not with feathers. For each species, the proportion of mercury transferred to eggs decreased as mercury concentrations in the mother increased. At the same maternal mercury concentration, the proportion of mercury transferred to eggs differed among species, such that Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) and black-necked stilt (Himantopus mexicanus) females transferred more methylmercury to their eggs than American avocet (Recurvirostra americana) females. Selenium concentrations in eggs also were correlated with selenium concentrations in the mother's liver (R-2 = 0.87). Furthermore, mercury and selenium concentrations in tern eggs were positively correlated with those in the father (R-2 = 0.84). Incubating male terns had 21% higher mercury concentrations in blood compared to incubating females at the same egg mercury concentration. We provide equations to predict contaminant concentrations in eggs from each of the commonly sampled bird tissues. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Herzog, Mark P.; Hartman, C. Alex] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov OI Herzog, Mark/0000-0002-5203-2835 FU CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program; U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area and Contaminant Biology Program FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program with additional support from the U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems Mission Area and Contaminant Biology Program. We thank Sarah Stoner-Duncan, Terry Adelsbach, John Henderson, Cathy Johnson, Jill Bluso-Demers, Scott Demers, Joe Northrup, Angela Rex, Brooke Hill, Kristen Dybala, Stacy Moskal, Ross Wilming, Lindsay Dembosz, Emily Eppinger, Mychal Truwe, River Gates, Lani Stinson, Eli French, and Maliheh Nakhai for field assistance; Robin Keister and Brenda Lasorsa for lab analyses; and Julie Yee for statistical advice. We also thank Clyde Morris, Joy Albertson, Mendel Stewart, Joelle Buffa, Eric Mruz, Cheryl Strong, and the staff at the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service); John Krause and the staff of the Eden Landing Ecological Reserve (California Department of Fish and Wildlife); Tom Huffman, Larry Wyckoff, Carl Wilcox, Karen Taylor, and the staff of the Napa-Sonoma Marsh Wildlife Area (California Department of Fish and Wildlife); Lew Allen and the Can Duck Club; and Steve Schwarzbach, Tom Suchanek, John Takekawa, Keith Miles, and Tom Maurer for logistical support. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 210 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.016 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM9RO UT WOS:000376703600018 PM 26708769 ER PT J AU Centofanti, T McConnell, LL Chaney, RL Beyer, WN Andrade, NA Hapeman, CJ Torrents, A Nguyen, A Anderson, MO Novak, JM Jackson, D AF Centofanti, Tiziana McConnell, Laura L. Chaney, Rufus L. Beyer, W. Nelson Andrade, Natasha A. Hapeman, Cathleen J. Torrents, Alba Anh Nguyen Anderson, Marya O. Novak, Jeffrey M. Jackson, Dana TI Organic amendments for risk mitigation of organochlorine pesticide residues in old orchard soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bioavailability; DDT; Dieldrin; Soil; Earthworms ID AGRICULTURAL SOIL; EISENIA-FOETIDA; FOOD-CHAIN; BIOAVAILABILITY; POLLUTANTS; ACCUMULATION; EARTHWORM; BIOCHAR; IMPACT; CARBON AB Performance of compost and biochar amendments for in situ risk mitigation of aged DDT, DDE and dieldrin residues in an old orchard soil was examined. The change in bioavailability of pesticide residues to Lumbricus terrestris L. relative to the unamended control soil was assessed using 4-L soil microcosms with and without plant cover in a 48-day experiment. The use of aged dairy manure compost and biosolids compost was found to be effective, especially in the planted treatments, at lowering the bioavailability factor (BAF) by 18-39%; however, BAF results for DDT in the unplanted soil treatments were unaffected or increased. The pine chip biochar utilized in this experiment was ineffective at lower the BAF of pesticides in the soil. The US EPA Soil Screening Level approach was used with our measured values. Addition of 10% of the aged dairy manure compost reduced the average hazard quotient values to below 1.0 for DDT + DDE and dieldrin. Results indicate this sustainable approach is appropriate to minimize risks to wildlife in areas of marginal organochlorine pesticide contamination. Application of this remediation approach has potential for use internationally in areas where historical pesticide contamination of soils remains a threat to wildlife populations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Centofanti, Tiziana; Andrade, Natasha A.; Torrents, Alba; Anderson, Marya O.] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1173 Glenn L Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McConnell, Laura L.; Chaney, Rufus L.; Hapeman, Cathleen J.; Anh Nguyen; Jackson, Dana] ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Beyer, W. Nelson] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 308,BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Novak, Jeffrey M.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 West Lucas St, Florence, SC USA. [Centofanti, Tiziana] Calif State Univ Fresno, Ctr Irrigat Technol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. RP McConnell, LL (reprint author), Bayer CropSci, 2 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM tiziana.centofanti@gmail.com; laura.mcconnell@bayer.com OI Centofanti, Tiziana/0000-0002-5545-4064 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region III Green Remediation Program FX We acknowledge contributions from Mr. Christopher Jennings, and Dr. Carrie Green of USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA and Dr. Ken Cantrell, formerly of USDA-ARS, Florence, South Carolina, USA for creation of the biochar material used in this study. Funding for this study was received from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region III Green Remediation Program. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 210 BP 182 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.039 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM9RO UT WOS:000376703600022 PM 26716732 ER PT J AU Dusel-Bacon, C Bacon, CR O'Sullivan, PB Day, WC AF Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia Bacon, Charles R. O'Sullivan, Paul B. Day, Warren C. TI Apatite fission-track evidence for regional exhumation in the subtropical Eocene, block faulting, and localized fluid flow in east-central Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID YUKON-TANANA TERRANE; CRUSTAL TRANSECT TACT; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; ANNEALING KINETICS; ARCTIC-OCEAN; EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; AR-40/AR-39 DATA; MINING DISTRICT; THERMAL HISTORY AB The origin and antiquity of the subdued topography of the Yukon-Tanana Upland (YTU), the physiographic province between the Denali and Tintina faults, are unresolved questions in the geologic history of interior Alaska and adjacent Yukon. We present apatite fission-track (AFT) results for 33 samples from the 2300 km(2) western Fortymile district in the YTU in Alaska and propose an exhumation model that is consistent with preservation of volcanic rocks in valleys that requires base level stability of several drainages since latest Cretaceous-Paleocene time. AFT thermochronology indicates widespread cooling below similar to 110 degrees C at similar to 56-47 Ma (early Eocene) and similar to 44-36 Ma (middle Eocene). Samples with similar to 33-27, similar to 19, and similar to 10 Ma AFT ages, obtained near a major northeast-trending fault zone, apparently reflect hydrothermal fluid flow. Uplift and erosion following similar to 107 Ma magmatism exposed plutonic rocks to different extents in various crustal blocks by latest Cretaceous time. We interpret the Eocene AFT ages to suggest that higher elevations were eroded during the Paleogene subtropical climate of the subarctic, while base level remained essentially stable. Tertiary basins outboard of the YTU contain sediment that may account for the required >2 km of removed overburden that was not carried to the sea by the ancestral Yukon River system. We consider a climate driven explanation for the Eocene AFT ages to be most consistent with geologic constraints in concert with block faulting related to translation on the Denali and Tintina faults resulting from oblique subduction along the southern margin of Alaska. C1 [Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia; Bacon, Charles R.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 901, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [O'Sullivan, Paul B.] GeoSep Serv, 1521 Pine Cone Rd, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Day, Warren C.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Dusel-Bacon, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 901, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cdusel@usgs.gov NR 99 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 BP 260 EP 280 DI 10.1139/cjes-2015-0138 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DL9DH UT WOS:000375941200003 ER PT J AU Uher-Koch, BD Esler, D Iverson, SA Ward, DH Boyd, WS Kirk, M Lewis, TL VanStratt, CS Brodhead, KM Hupp, JW Schmutz, JA AF Uher-Koch, Brian D. Esler, Daniel Iverson, Samuel A. Ward, David H. Boyd, W. Sean Kirk, Molly Lewis, Tyler L. VanStratt, Corey S. Brodhead, Katherine M. Hupp, Jerry W. Schmutz, Joel A. TI Interacting effects of latitude, mass, age, and sex on winter survival of Surf Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata): implications for differential migration SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE demography; distribution; Melanitta perspicillata; sea duck; Surf Scoter ID WHITE-WINGED SCOTERS; AMERICAN BLACK DUCKS; VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; FOOD AVAILABILITY; REMIGIAL MOLT; NORTH-AMERICA; BODY-MASS; RATES; PREDATION AB We quantified variation in winter survival of Surf Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata (L., 1758)) across nearly 30 degrees of latitude on the Pacific coast of North America to evaluate potential effects on winter distributions, including observed differential distributions of age and sex classes. We monitored fates of 297 radio-marked Surf Scoters at three study sites: (1) near the northern periphery of their wintering range in southeast Alaska, USA, (2) the range core in British Columbia, Canada, and (3) the southern periphery in Baja California, Mexico. We detected 34 mortalities and determined that survival averaged lower at the range peripheries than in the range core, was lower during mid-winter than during late winter at all sites, and was positively correlated with body mass within locations. Although neither age nor sex class had direct effects, mass effects led to differential survival patterns among classes. When simultaneously incorporating these interacting influences, adult males of mean mass for their location had highest survival at the northern range periphery in Alaska, whereas adult females and juveniles had higher survival at the range core and the southern periphery. Our observations help to explain patterns of differential migration and distribution reported for this species and highlight seasonal periods (mid-winter) and locations (range peripheries) of elevated levels of mortality for demographically important age-sex classes (adult females). C1 [Uher-Koch, Brian D.; Iverson, Samuel A.; Kirk, Molly; Lewis, Tyler L.; VanStratt, Corey S.; Brodhead, Katherine M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Esler, Daniel] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, 5421 Robertson Rd, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. [Uher-Koch, Brian D.; Ward, David H.; Lewis, Tyler L.; Hupp, Jerry W.; Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Boyd, W. Sean] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, 5421 Robertson Rd, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. [Esler, Daniel] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Brodhead, Katherine M.] Nez Perce Clearwater Natl Forest, 903 3rd St, Kamiah, ID 83536 USA. RP Uher-Koch, BD (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.; Uher-Koch, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM buher-koch@usgs.gov FU Sea Duck Joint Venture; U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; Simon Fraser University; Environment Canada; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S.D.A. Forest Service FX This work was supported financially and logistically by the Sea Duck Joint Venture, the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, Simon Fraser University, Environment Canada, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S.D.A. Forest Service. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Auke Bay Laboratories provided additional logistical support in Juneau. We thank the numerous individuals who provided assistance in the field. We also thank T. Bowman, D. Green, J. Pearce, B. Sandercock, B. Smith, R. Ydenberg, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 94 IS 3 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.1139/cjz-2015-0107 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DL9HI UT WOS:000375952100010 ER PT J AU Niemiller, ML Glorioso, BM Fenolio, DB Reynolds, RG Taylor, SJ Miller, BT AF Niemiller, Matthew L. Glorioso, Brad M. Fenolio, Dante B. Reynolds, R. Graham Taylor, Steven J. Miller, Brian T. TI Growth, Survival, Longevity, and Population Size of the Big Mouth Cave Salamander (Gyrinophilus palleucus necturoides) from the Type Locality in Grundy County, Tennessee, USA SO COPEIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Biology of Plethodontid Salamanders CY MAY 18-20, 2014 CL Univ Tulsa, Tulsa, OK HO Univ Tulsa ID IMPLANT ALPHANUMERIC TAGS; LIFE-HISTORY; PLETHODONTIDAE; AMPHIBIANS; CRAYFISH; STREAM AB Salamander species that live entirely in subterranean habitats have evolved adaptations that allow them to cope with perpetual darkness and limited energy resources. We conducted a 26-month mark-recapture study to better understand the individual growth and demography of a population of the Big Mouth Cave Salamander (Gyrinophilus palleucus necturoides). We employed a growth model to estimate growth rates, age at sexual maturity, and longevity, and an open population model to estimate population size, density, detectability, and survival rates. Furthermore, we examined cover use and evidence of potential predation. Individuals probably reach sexual maturity in 3-5 years and live at least nine years. Survival rates were generally high (>75%) but declined during the study. More than 30% of captured salamanders had regenerating tails or tail damage, which presumably represent predation attempts by conspecifics or crayfishes. Most salamanders (>90%) were found under cover (e.g., rocks, trash, decaying plant material). Based on 11 surveys during the study, population size estimates ranged from 21 to 104 individuals in the ca. 710 m(2) study area. Previous surveys indicated that this population experienced a significant decline from the early 1970s through the 1990s, perhaps related to silvicultural and agricultural practices. However, our data suggest that this population has either recovered or stabilized during the past 20 years. Differences in relative abundance between early surveys and our survey could be associated with differences in survey methods or sampling conditions rather than an increase in population size. Regardless, our study demonstrates that this population is larger than previously thought and is in no immediate risk of extirpation, though it does appear to exhibit higher rates of predation than expected for a species believed to be an apex predator of subterranean food webs. C1 [Niemiller, Matthew L.; Taylor, Steven J.] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Glorioso, Brad M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Fenolio, Dante B.] San Antonio Zoo, Dept Conservat & Res, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. [Reynolds, R. Graham] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Reynolds, R. Graham] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Miller, Brian T.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. RP Niemiller, ML (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM mniemill@illinois.edu; gloriosob@usgs.gov; dantefenolio@sazoo.org; robertreynolds@fas.harvard.edu; sjtaylor@illinois.edu; brian.miller@mtsu.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAR PY 2016 VL 104 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1643/OT-14-197 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DM2OK UT WOS:000376185900005 ER PT J AU Pierson, TW McKee, AM Spear, SF Maerz, JC Camp, CD Glenn, TC AF Pierson, Todd W. McKee, Anna M. Spear, Stephen F. Maerz, John C. Camp, Carlos D. Glenn, Travis C. TI Detection of an Enigmatic Plethodontid Salamander Using Environmental DNA SO COPEIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Biology of Plethodontid Salamanders CY MAY 18-20, 2014 CL Univ Tulsa, Tulsa, OK HO Univ Tulsa ID WATER SAMPLES; OCCUPANCY; EDNA AB The isolation and identification of environmental DNA (eDNA) offers a non-invasive and efficient method for the detection of rare and secretive aquatic wildlife, and it is being widely integrated into inventory and monitoring efforts. The Patch-Nosed Salamander (Urspelerpes brucei) is a tiny, recently discovered species of plethodontid salamander known only from headwater streams in a small region of Georgia and South Carolina. Here, we present results of a quantitative PCR-based eDNA assay capable of detecting Urspelerpes in more than 75% of 33 samples from five confirmed streams. We deployed the method at 31 additional streams and located three previously undocumented populations of Urspelerpes. We compare the results of our eDNA assay with our attempt to use aquatic leaf litterbags for the rapid detection of Urspelerpes and demonstrate the relative efficacy of the eDNA assay. We suggest that eDNA offers great potential for use in detecting other aquatic and semi-aquatic plethodontid salamanders. C1 [Pierson, Todd W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 569 Dabney Hall,1416 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pierson, Todd W.; Glenn, Travis C.] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 152 Environm Hlth Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [McKee, Anna M.] US Geol Survey, Georgia WSC, 1770 Corp Dr,Suite 500, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Spear, Stephen F.] Orianne Soc, 100 Phoenix Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Maerz, John C.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Camp, Carlos D.] Piedmont Coll, 1021 Cent Ave, Demorest, GA 30535 USA. RP Pierson, TW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 569 Dabney Hall,1416 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.; Pierson, TW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 152 Environm Hlth Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM tpierso1@tennessee.edu; amckee@usgs.gov; sspear@oriannesociety.org; jcmaerz@uga.edu; ccamp@piedmont.edu; travisg@uga.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 15 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAR PY 2016 VL 104 IS 1 BP 78 EP 82 DI 10.1643/CH-14-202 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DM2OK UT WOS:000376185900010 ER PT J AU Peterman, WE Crawford, JA Hocking, DJ AF Peterman, William E. Crawford, John A. Hocking, Daniel J. TI Effects of Elevation on Plethodontid Salamander Body Size SO COPEIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Biology of Plethodontid Salamanders CY MAY 18-20, 2014 CL Univ Tulsa, Tulsa, OK HO Univ Tulsa ID BERGMANNS RULE; DESMOGNATHUS-OCHROPHAEUS; REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LIFE-HISTORIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-LOSS; PATTERNS; FECUNDITY; CINEREUS AB The size of an organism is perhaps its most overt physical characteristic, and variation in body size has long been of interest to biologists. Bergmann's rule has been actively studied and debated for more than 150 years. Despite this long history, the generality and applicability of Bergmann's rule to ectothermic organisms generally, and to plethodontid salamanders specifically, has resulted in an extensive and conflicting literature. Regardless of mechanism, clinal variation in body size has been widely observed in plethodontid salamanders and other ectothermic vertebrates. In this study, we assessed the change in adult body size of four plethodontid salamanders (Desmognathus imitator, D. ocoee, D. wrighti, and Plethodon jordani) across a 1,350 m elevational gradient in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Using 1,293 observations of salamanders at 25 sites, we found clear and significant patterns of increasing adult body size with elevation in all four species. Average rates of increase ranged from 1.09% to 3.98% per 100 m elevation gain. We found that elevation significantly covaried with maximum and mean temperature, as well as average annual precipitation. Our study reinforces previous research describing increases in plethodontid salamander body size with elevation, but also extends these findings to fully terrestrial, direct-developing species. However, the mechanisms underlying the observed pattern are still unclear and highlight an important area for future research. As a critical life history characteristic, an understanding of geographic variation in body size is important for assessing current population dynamics, as well as the potential effects of future climate changes. C1 [Peterman, William E.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd,210 Kottman Hall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Crawford, John A.] Natl Great Rivers Res & Educ Ctr, One Confluence Way, East Alton, IL 62024 USA. [Hocking, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, SOConte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796,1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Peterman, WE (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd,210 Kottman Hall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Peterman.73@osu.edu; joacrawford@lc.edu; dhocking@usgs.gov RI Peterman, William/H-7809-2013; OI Peterman, William/0000-0001-5229-9268; Hocking, Daniel/0000-0003-1889-9184 NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAR PY 2016 VL 104 IS 1 BP 202 EP 208 DI 10.1643/OT-14-188 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DM2OK UT WOS:000376185900025 ER PT J AU Chalupnicki, MA Dittman, DE AF Chalupnicki, Marc A. Dittman, Dawn E. TI North American Sturgeon Otolith Morphology SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID LAKE STURGEON; LIFE-HISTORY; ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; FISH; GULF; AGE; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PADDLEFISH; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES AB Accurate expedient species identification of deceased sturgeon (Acipenseridae) when external physical characteristic analysis is inconclusive has become a high priority due to the endangered or threatened status of sturgeon species around the world. Examination of otoliths has provided useful information to aid in population management, age and size-class analysis, understanding predator-prey interactions, and archeological research in other fish species. The relationship between otolith characteristics and sturgeon species has remained unknown. Therefore, we analyzed the shape of otoliths from the eight species of sturgeon found in North America to test the utility of otolith characteristic morphology in species identification. There were distinct differences in the size and shape of the otoliths between species of sturgeon with little shape variation among individuals of the same species. The relationship between otolith length axes was linear, and most of the variability was explained by a Log (axis+1) transformation of the x and y axes (r(2) = 0.8983) using the equation y = 0.73x + 0.0612. Images of otoliths from all eight North American species are presented to assist in the identification process. C1 [Chalupnicki, Marc A.; Dittman, Dawn E.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Chalupnicki, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM mchalupnicki@usgs.gov; ddittman@usgs.gov OI Dittman, Dawn/0000-0002-0711-3732 NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAR PY 2016 VL 104 IS 1 BP 260 EP 266 DI 10.1643/CI-14-076 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DM2OK UT WOS:000376185900031 ER PT J AU Benson, AJ AF Benson, Amy J. TI Walter Rowe Courtenay, Jr. (1933-2014) SO COPEIA LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Benson, Amy J.] US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Benson, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM abenson@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAR PY 2016 VL 104 IS 1 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.1643/OT-15-358 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DM2OK UT WOS:000376185900036 ER PT J AU Johnson, DH Loss, SR Smallwood, KS Erickson, WP AF Johnson, Douglas H. Loss, Scott R. Smallwood, K. Shawn Erickson, Wallace P. TI Avian fatalities at wind energy facilities in North America: a comparison of recent approaches SO HUMAN-WILDLIFE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE birds; fatalities; human-wildlife conflicts; turbines; wind energy facilities; wind farm ID SCAVENGER REMOVAL TRIALS; TURBINE ROTORS; BIRD MORTALITY; BAT FATALITY; COLLISIONS; MODEL AB Three recent publications have estimated the number of birds killed each year by wind energy facilities at 2012 build-out levels in the United States. The 3 publications differ in scope, methodology, and resulting estimates. We compare and contrast characteristics of the approaches used in the publications. In addition, we describe decisions made in obtaining the estimates that were produced. Despite variation in the 3 approaches, resulting estimates were reasonably similar; about a quarter-to a half-million birds are killed per year by colliding with wind turbines. C1 [Johnson, Douglas H.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 2003 Upper Buford Circle,Suite 135, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Loss, Scott R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 008C Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Smallwood, K. Shawn] 3108 Finch St, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Erickson, Wallace P.] WEST Inc, 415 West 17th St,Suite 200, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Johnson, DH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 2003 Upper Buford Circle,Suite 135, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 16 U2 24 PU JACK H BERRYMAN INST PI LOGAN PA UTAH STATE UNIV, DEPT WILDLAND RESOURCES, LOGAN, UTAH 84322-5230 USA SN 1934-4392 EI 1936-8046 J9 HUM-WILDL INTERACT JI Hum.-Wildl. Interact. PD SPR PY 2016 VL 10 IS 1 BP 7 EP 18 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM1GE UT WOS:000376092600003 ER PT J AU Katzner, T Bennett, V Miller, T Duerr, A Braham, M Hale, A AF Katzner, Todd Bennett, Victoria Miller, Tricia Duerr, Adam Braham, Melissa Hale, Amanda TI Wind energy development: methods for assessing risks to birds and bats pre-construction SO HUMAN-WILDLIFE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE bats; before-after-control-impact (BACI); birds; human-wildlife conflicts; pre-construction risk assessment; wind energy ID GREATER PRAIRIE-CHICKENS; COLLISION MORTALITY; MIGRATORY BATS; FATALITIES; FACILITIES; TURBINES; DISPLACEMENT; CONSERVATION; OCCUPANCY; PATTERNS AB Wind power generation is rapidly expanding. Although wind power is a low-carbon source of energy, it can impact negatively birds and bats, either directly through fatality or indirectly by displacement or habitat loss. Pre-construction risk assessment at wind facilities within the United States is usually required only on public lands. When conducted, it generally involves a 3-tier process, with each step leading to more detailed and rigorous surveys. Preliminary site assessment (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Tier 1) is usually conducted remotely and involves evaluation of existing databases and published materials. If potentially at-risk wildlife are present and the developer wishes to continue the development process, then on-site surveys are conducted (Tier 2) to verify the presence of those species and to assess site-speci c features (e.g., topography, land cover) that may influence risk from turbines. The next step in the process (Tier 3) involves quantitative or scientific studies to assess the potential risk of the proposed project to wildlife. Typical Tier-3 research may involve acoustic, aural, observational, radar, capture, tracking, or modeling studies, all designed to understand details of risk to specific species or groups of species at the given site. Our review highlights several features lacking from many risk assessments, particularly the paucity of before-and-after-control-impact (BACI) studies involving modeling and a lack of understanding of cumulative effects of wind facilities on wildlife. Both are essential to understand effective designs for pre-construction monitoring and both would help expand risk assessment beyond eagles. C1 [Katzner, Todd] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Bennett, Victoria] Texas Christian Univ, Sch Geol Energy & Environm, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Miller, Tricia; Duerr, Adam; Braham, Melissa] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Hale, Amanda] Texas Christian Univ, Dept Biol, 2955 South Univ Dr, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. RP Katzner, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM tkatzner@usgs.gov OI Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 24 U2 39 PU JACK H BERRYMAN INST PI LOGAN PA UTAH STATE UNIV, DEPT WILDLAND RESOURCES, LOGAN, UTAH 84322-5230 USA SN 1934-4392 EI 1936-8046 J9 HUM-WILDL INTERACT JI Hum.-Wildl. Interact. PD SPR PY 2016 VL 10 IS 1 BP 42 EP 52 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM1GE UT WOS:000376092600006 ER PT J AU Huso, M Dalthorp, D Miller, TJ Bruns, D AF Huso, Manuela Dalthorp, Dan Miller, T. J. Bruns, Dawn TI Wind energy development: methods to assess bird and bat fatality rates post-construction SO HUMAN-WILDLIFE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Bayes' theorem; credible intervals; detection probability; fatality estimator ID CARCASS SEARCHES; MORTALITY; FACILITIES; FARMS; WILDLIFE; MODELS AB Monitoring fatalities at wind energy facilities after they have been constructed can provide valuable information regarding impacts of wind power development on wildlife. The objective of this monitoring is to estimate abundance of a super-population of carcasses that entered the area within a designated period of time. By definition, the population is not closed and carcasses can enter as they are killed through collision with turbines, and leave as they are removed by scavengers or decompose to a point where they are not recognizable. In addition, the population is not inherently mobile, but can only change location through some external force. A focus on number of animal carcasses comprising the super-population, combined with peculiar traits that resist classic assumptions, distinguish fatality estimation at wind-power facilities from more classic abundance estimates that can be addressed through mark-recapture techniques or other well-known abundance estimators. We review the available methods to estimate the super-population of carcasses at wind power facilities. We discuss the role of these estimates in determining appropriate levels of minimization and mitigation of impacts to individual species of concern. We discuss the potential to extrapolate these measurements to reflect the cumulative effect of the industry on individual species. Finally, we suggest avenues of research needed to strengthen our understanding of the effect wind power development has, and might have in the future, on wildlife on this continent and worldwide. C1 [Huso, Manuela; Dalthorp, Dan] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Miller, T. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 268 Quant Ave N, Lakeland, MN 55043 USA. [Bruns, Dawn] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Fish & Wildlife Off, 300 Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Huso, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mhuso@usgs.gov FU Ecosystems Mission Area Wildlife Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); USFWS FX Funding for this research was provided by the Ecosystems Mission Area Wildlife Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the USFWS. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 18 PU JACK H BERRYMAN INST PI LOGAN PA UTAH STATE UNIV, DEPT WILDLAND RESOURCES, LOGAN, UTAH 84322-5230 USA SN 1934-4392 EI 1936-8046 J9 HUM-WILDL INTERACT JI Hum.-Wildl. Interact. PD SPR PY 2016 VL 10 IS 1 BP 62 EP 70 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DM1GE UT WOS:000376092600008 ER PT J AU du Bray, EA John, DA Cousens, BL Hayden, LA Vikre, PG AF du Bray, Edward A. John, David A. Cousens, Brian L. Hayden, Leslie A. Vikre, Peter G. TI Geochemistry, petrologic evolution, and ore deposits of the Miocene Bodie Hills Volcanic Field, California and Nevada SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Arc magmatism; geochemistry; petrogenesis; mineral deposits; tectonic setting ID ANCESTRAL CASCADES ARC; SIERRA-NEVADA; TRACE-ELEMENT; LONG VALLEY; WALKER LANE; LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE; POTASSIC VOLCANISM; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; SOUTHERN SEGMENT; GRANITIC-ROCKS AB The southern segment of the ancestral Cascades magmatic arc includes numerous volcanic fields; among these, the Bodie Hills volcanic field (BHVF), astride the California-Nevada border north of Mono Lake, is one of the largest (>700 km(2)) and most well studied. Episodic magmatism in the BHVF spanned about 9 million years between about 15 and 6 Ma; magmatic output was greatest between ca. 15.0 to 12.6 Ma and ca. 9.9 to 8.0 Ma. About two dozen contiguous and coalescing eruptive centers above middle- to shallow-crustal-level reservoirs generated several trachyandesite stratovolcanoes and numerous silicic trachyandesite to rhyolite flow dome complexes whose compositional variations are consistent with fractionation of observed phenocryst phases. BHVF rocks have high-potassium calc-alkaline compositions consistent with generation of subduction-related continental margin arc magmas beneath thick continental crust. Radiogenic isotope ratios in BHVF rocks vary considerably but suggest somewhat enriched, crustal sources; isotopic ratios for some of the more primitive units are consistent with more depleted, mantle sources. Neither age nor whole-rock compositions of BHVF rocks are well correlated with isotopic variations. Textures and compositions of phenocrysts in BHVF rocks are in accord with the associated magma reservoirs evolving via open-system behavior. Reservoir recharge and subsequent incomplete homogenization are evidenced by the broad compositional diversity characteristic of many BHVF eruptive units. Significant compositional diversity among the products of coeval eruptive centers further suggests that centers responsible for BHVF magmatism were underlain by small, discrete, compositionally distinct, and closely spaced reservoirs. Volcanic rocks of the BHVF host quartz-adularia and quartz-alunite epithermal gold-silver deposits, from which about 3.4 Moz. of gold and 28 Moz. of silver have been produced. The volcanic rocks and contained deposits are broadly coeval, which suggests that the associated magmas are the sources of heat, fluids, and metals involved in deposit genesis. Characteristics of the quartz-adularia deposits are consistent with derivation from near-neutral pH fluids at <= 250 degrees C, whereas those of the quartz-alunite systems require more acidic, oxidized, and sulfur-rich fluids at temperatures <250 degrees C. Economically viable precious metal accumulations are in fault-hosted vein deposits in the Bodie and Aurora districts. Circulation of hydrothermal fluids through permeable pyroclastic deposits but lacking prominent structural conduits resulted in large areas of altered but unmineralized rock. C1 [du Bray, Edward A.] US Geol Survey, DFC, MS 973,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [John, David A.] US Geol Survey, MS 901,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cousens, Brian L.] Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Hayden, Leslie A.] US Geol Survey, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Vikre, Peter G.] Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Reno Off, Mackay Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP du Bray, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DFC, MS 973,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM edubray@usgs.gov OI John, David/0000-0001-7977-9106 FU USGS Mineral Resources Program FX This work was funded by the USGS Mineral Resources Program. We gratefully acknowledge the insights and reviews by C.S. Holm-Denoma, W.C. Day, E.H. Christiansen, and C.J. Busby that helped improve this study. We thank Dan Stepner, Lizzy Ann Spencer, and Shuangquan Zhang for assistance in the IGGRC radiogenic isotope lab at Carleton. This is IGGRC contribution number 59. Finally, we thank C.N. Mercer, Associate Editor at American Mineralogist, for handling the review and editorial aspects of this submission so effectively. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 96 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 101 IS 3-4 BP 644 EP 677 DI 10.2138/am-2016-5440 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA DK0TW UT WOS:000374626100013 ER PT J AU Tucker, CL Reed, SC AF Tucker, Colin L. Reed, Sasha C. TI Low soil moisture during hot periods drives apparent negative temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in a dryland ecosystem: a multi-model comparison SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Soil respiration; Bayesian model comparison; Islands of fertility; Biological soil crust; Semiarid shrublands; Plant litter decomposition ID DESERT-SHRUB ECOSYSTEM; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; ARID ECOSYSTEMS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DECOMPOSITION; MODEL; BACTERIAL; AVAILABILITY AB Arid and semiarid ecosystems (drylands) may dominate the trajectory of biosphere-to-atmosphere carbon (C) exchange, and understanding dryland CO2 efflux is important for C cycling at the global-scale. However, unknowns remain regarding how temperature and moisture interact to regulate dryland soil respiration (R (s) ), while 'islands of fertility' in drylands create spatially heterogeneous R (s) . At a site in southeastern Utah, USA we added or removed litter (0-650 % of control) in plots associated with either shrubs or biological soil crust-dominated interspaces between vascular plants. We measured R (s) , soil temperature (T-s), and water content (theta) repeatedly from October 2013 to November 2014. R (s) was highest following rain in late summer at T-s similar to 30 A degrees C, and lowest mid-summer at T-s > 40 A degrees C, resulting in apparent negative temperature sensitivity of R (s) at high temperatures, and positive temperature sensitivity at low-moderate temperatures. We used Bayesian statistical methods to compare models capturing a range of hypothesized relationships between T-s, theta, and R (s) . The best model indicates that apparent negative temperature sensitivity of R (s) at high T-s reflects the control of water content, not high temperatures. Modeled Q(10) ranged from 2.7 to 1.4 between 5 and 45 A degrees C. Litter addition had no effect on Q(10) or reference respiration (R (ref) = R (s) at 20 A degrees C and optimum theta) beneath shrubs, and little effect on R (ref) in interspaces, yet R (ref) was 1.5 times higher beneath shrubs than in interspaces. Altogether, these results suggest reduced R (s) often observed at high T-s in drylands is dominated by the control of theta, and, on shorter-timescales, variable litter inputs exert minimal control over R (s) . C1 [Tucker, Colin L.; Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Tucker, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM ctucker@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences Program [DE-SC-0008168]; U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences Program, under Award Number DE-SC-0008168 and by the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area. We thank Pete Chuckran for his excellent work with plot installation and measurements, and we are appreciative of all of the technicians who worked on this project. We are grateful to our D-DIRT collaborators Heather Throop and Marie-Anne de Graaff for their ideas and collaboration. We also thank Jessie Young for her valuable feedback on an earlier version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAR PY 2016 VL 128 IS 1-2 BP 155 EP 169 DI 10.1007/s10533-016-0200-1 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DJ9UB UT WOS:000374557300010 ER PT J AU Sato, K Kawabata, H Scholl, DW Hyodo, H Takahashi, K Suzuki, K Kumagai, H AF Sato, Keiko Kawabata, Hiroshi Scholl, David W. Hyodo, Hironobu Takahashi, Kozo Suzuki, Katsuhiko Kumagai, Hidenori TI Ar-40-Ar-39 dating and tectonic implications of volcanic rocks recovered at IODP Hole U1342A and D on Bowers Ridge, Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bowers Ridge; U1342; Laser fusion Ar-40-Ar-39 dating; Single grain age; Aleutian arc ID ALEUTIAN ISLAND-ARC; PERSPECTIVE; REGION; ALASKA; GEODYNAMICS; ACCRETION; ORIGIN; GROWTH AB During the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), a total of 41.54 m of basement rock, consolidated volcaniclastic sediment, was recovered beneath a thin sediment cover. The drilled site is at the eastern end of the crestal area of Bowers Ridge, a north and westward sweeping offshoot of the Aleutian Arc into the Bering Sea. The volcanic sequence recovered from Holes U1342A and U1342D was divided into six major lithologic units. We used the single grain Ar-40-Ar-39 dating method performed by step-wise heated laser fusion technique to date andesites of Unit 1. Thereby two ages of Oligocene volcanism (34-32 Ma, 28-26 Ma) were distinguished each other according to our Ar-40-Ar-39 data. These ages refute a hypothesized Cretaceous origin in the North Pacific as an exotic arc massif or sector of the Hawaiian Emperor chain and indicate that the Bowers Ridge is a Bering-Sea formed arc or remnant arc that ceased forming in the latest Oligocene to the earliest Miocene time. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sato, Keiko; Kawabata, Hiroshi; Suzuki, Katsuhiko; Kumagai, Hidenori] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Inst Res Earth Evolut IFREE, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Sato, Keiko; Hyodo, Hironobu] Okayama Univ Sci, Res Inst Nat Sci, Ridai Cho, Okayama 7000005, Japan. [Scholl, David W.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Scholl, David W.] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Takahashi, Kozo] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Higashi Ku, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Takahashi, Kozo] Hokusei Gakuen Univ, Atsubetsu Ku, Oyachi 2-3-1, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0048631, Japan. [Sato, Keiko; Suzuki, Katsuhiko; Kumagai, Hidenori] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, R&D Ctr Submarine Resources, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Kawabata, Hiroshi] Kochi Univ, Res & Educ Fac, Kochi 7858520, Japan. RP Sato, K (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, R&D Ctr Submarine Resources, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. EM keisato@jamstec.go.jp FU University of Tokyo at the Tokai Research and Development Center, Nuclear Science Research Institute, Japan Atomic Energy Agency; JSPS [24651203] FX We thank the IODP Expedition's 323 scientists, curatorial staff at IODP Core Repository of Kochi Core Center, Kochi University, Kochi Institute Core Sample Research and IFREE, JAMSTEC staff for their support. The neutron irradiation experiment was partially supported by the cooperative program for Inter-University Laboratory of The University of Tokyo at the Tokai Research and Development Center, Nuclear Science Research Institute, Japan Atomic Energy Agency. We also appreciate reviewers of Dr. R. Stern and Ms. M. Wanke for their constructive comments related to an earlier version of this paper. This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on the JSPS Research Fellowships for Kakenhi (No. 24651203) to K.S. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 125 BP 214 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.03.008 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DL6HH UT WOS:000375739800020 ER PT J AU Proctor, B Hirth, G AF Proctor, Brooks Hirth, Greg TI "Ductile to brittle" transition in thermally stable antigorite gouge at mantle pressures SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE antigorite; brittle-ductile transition; friction; velocity dependence; high pressure ID PORE FLUID PRESSURE; DEFORMATION MECHANISMS; SERPENTINE DEHYDRATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SUBDUCTION; EARTHQUAKES; RHEOLOGY; STRENGTH; DIFFRACTION; LIZARDITE AB General shear experiments on antigorite-rich serpentinite show a transition from ductile (distributed) to brittle (localized) deformation with increasing temperature from 300 degrees C to 500 degrees C at confining pressures from 1 to 2GPa. The coefficient of friction associated with slip along fractures decreases from 0.23 to 0.07 with an increase in temperature from 300 degrees C to 500 degrees C. Velocity stepping experiments exhibit a positive rate dependence, as parameterized by a-b values, that decrease modestly with increasing temperature from similar to 0.015 at 300 degrees C to similar to 0.01 at 500 degrees C. Fractures contain fine-grained foliated antigorite, and there is no evidence of dehydration. All samples have a moderate foliation and show microstructural evidence for both plastic and brittle deformation mechanisms. Under certain conditions the transition to brittle deformation, at high pressures and temperatures in antigorite, might generate earthquakes, which could explain the occurrence of some intermediate-depth seismicity within subduction zones in serpentinized regions that are too cold to induce dehydration. C1 [Proctor, Brooks; Hirth, Greg] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Proctor, Brooks] USGS, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Proctor, B (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.; Proctor, B (reprint author), USGS, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM bproctor@usgs.gov OI Proctor, Brooks/0000-0002-4878-8728 FU NSF [EAR-1049582] FX We thank Ikuo Katayama for sending us a sample of the starting material. This manuscript was improved by comments from two anonymous reviewers and discussions with Taka Kanaya, Keishi Okazaki, and Paul Raterron. This project was funded by NSF EAR-1049582. All collected experimental data are included in the supporting information. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1652 EP 1663 DI 10.1002/2015JB012710 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK1ST UT WOS:000374695200022 ER PT J AU Shelly, DR Ellsworth, WL Hill, DP AF Shelly, David R. Ellsworth, William L. Hill, David P. TI Fluid-faulting evolution in high definition: Connecting fault structure and frequency-magnitude variations during the 2014 Long Valley Caldera, California, earthquake swarm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE earthquake swarm; fluids; Long Valley; volcano; b value ID BENEATH MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; DURATION MAGNITUDES; CROSS-CORRELATION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; PORE-PRESSURE; CENTRAL JAPAN; WEST BOHEMIA; B-VALUES; SEISMICITY AB An extended earthquake swarm occurred beneath southeastern Long Valley Caldera between May and November 2014, culminating in three magnitude 3.5 earthquakes and 1145 cataloged events on 26 September alone. The swarm produced the most prolific seismicity in the caldera since a major unrest episode in 1997-1998. To gain insight into the physics controlling swarm evolution, we used large-scale cross correlation between waveforms of cataloged earthquakes and continuous data, producing precise locations for 8494 events, more than 2.5 times the routine catalog. We also estimated magnitudes for 18,634 events (similar to 5.5 times the routine catalog), using a principal component fit to measure waveform amplitudes relative to cataloged events. This expanded and relocated catalog reveals multiple episodes of pronounced hypocenter expansion and migration on a collection of neighboring faults. Given the rapid migration and alignment of hypocenters on narrow faults, we infer that activity was initiated and sustained by an evolving fluid pressure transient with a low-viscosity fluid, likely composed primarily of water and CO2 exsolved from underlying magma. Although both updip and downdip migration were observed within the swarm, downdip activity ceased shortly after activation, while updip activity persisted for weeks at moderate levels. Strongly migrating, single-fault episodes within the larger swarm exhibited a higher proportion of larger earthquakes (lower Gutenberg-Richter b value), which may have been facilitated by fluid pressure confined in two dimensions within the fault zone. In contrast, the later swarm activity occurred on an increasingly diffuse collection of smaller faults, with a much higher b value. C1 [Shelly, David R.; Ellsworth, William L.; Hill, David P.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ellsworth, William L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Shelly, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dshelly@usgs.gov NR 102 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1776 EP 1795 DI 10.1002/2015JB012719 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK1ST UT WOS:000374695200029 ER PT J AU Thompson, GA Parsons, T AF Thompson, George A. Parsons, Tom TI Vertical deformation associated with normal fault systems evolved over coseismic, postseismic, and multiseismic periods SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE deformation; isostasy; uplift; extension; finite element models; fault models ID NORTH-AMERICAN CORDILLERA; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CENOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION; VALLEY EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE; NEVADA SEISMIC BELT; PEAK-DIXIE VALLEY; DIP-SLIP FAULTS; RANGE PROVINCE; SIERRA-NEVADA; LOWER CRUST AB Vertical deformation of extensional provinces varies significantly and in seemingly contradictory ways. Sparse but robust geodetic, seismic, and geologic observations in the Basin and Range province of the western United States indicate that immediately after an earthquake, vertical change primarily occurs as subsidence of the normal fault hanging wall. A few decades later, a 100km wide zone is symmetrically uplifted. The preserved topography of long-term rifting shows bent and tilted footwall flanks rising high above deep basins. We develop finite element models subjected to extensional and gravitational forces to study time-varying deformation associated with normal faulting. We replicate observations with a model that has a weak upper mantle overlain by a stronger lower crust and a breakable elastic upper crust. A 60 degrees dipping normal fault cuts through the upper crust and extends through the lower crust to simulate an underlying shear zone. Stretching the model under gravity demonstrates that asymmetric slip via collapse of the hanging wall is a natural consequence of coseismic deformation. Focused flow in the upper mantle imposed by deformation of the lower crust localizes uplift under the footwall; the breakable upper crust is a necessary model feature to replicate footwall bending over the observed width (<10km), which is predicted to take place within 1-2 decades after each large earthquake. Thus the best-preserved topographic signature of rifting is expected to occur early in the postseismic period. The relatively stronger lower crust in our models is necessary to replicate broader postseismic uplift that is observed geodetically in subsequent decades. C1 [Thompson, George A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Parsons, Tom] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov NR 97 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 2153 EP 2173 DI 10.1002/2015JB012240 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK1ST UT WOS:000374695200049 ER PT J AU Thigpen, JR Hatcher, RD Kah, LC Repetski, JE AF Thigpen, J. Ryan Hatcher, Robert D., Jr. Kah, Linda C. Repetski, John E. TI REEVALUATING THE AGE OF THE WALDEN CREEK GROUP AND THE KINEMATIC EVOLUTION OF THE WESTERN BLUE RIDGE, SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Walden Creek; Blue Ridge; Taconic; Maggies Mill; Ocoee Supergroup metamorphism; Great Smoky fault; Miller Cove fault ID GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS; WATER-ROCK INTERACTION; OCOEE SUPERGROUP; TRACE-ELEMENT; PALEOZOIC AGE; NORTH-AMERICA; CARBON-CYCLE; THRUST BELT; TENNESSEE; SEAWATER AB An integrated synthesis of existing datasets (detailed geologic mapping, geochronologic, paleontologic, geophysical) with new paleontologic and geochemical investigations of rocks previously interpreted as part of the Neoproterozoic Walden Creek Group in southeastern Tennessee suggest a necessary reevaluation of the kinematics and structural architecture of the Blue Ridge Foothills. The western Blue Ridge of Tennessee, North Carolina, and Georgia is composed of numerous northwest-directed early and late Paleozoic thrust sheets, which record pronounced variation in stratigraphic/structural architecture and timing of metamorphism. The detailed spatial, temporal, and kinematic relationships of these rocks have remained controversial. Two fault blocks that are structurally isolated between the Great Smoky and Miller Cove-Greenbrier thrust sheets, here designated the Maggies Mill and Citico thrust sheets, contain Late Ordovician-Devonian conodonts and stable isotope chemostratigraphic signatures consistent with a mid-Paleozoic age. Geochemical and paleontological analyses of Walden Creek Group rocks northwest and southeast of these two thrust sheets, however, are more consistent with a Late Neoproterozoic (550-545 Ma) depositional age. Consequently, the structural juxtaposition of mid-Paleozoic rocks within a demonstrably Neoproterozoic-Cambrian succession between the Great Smoky and Miller Cove-Greenbrier thrust sheets suggests that a simple foreland-propagating thrust sequence model is not applicable in the Blue Ridge Foothills. We propose that these younger rocks were deposited landward of the Ocoee Supergroup, and were subsequently plucked from the Great Smoky fault footwall as a horse, and breached through the Great Smoky thrust sheet during Alleghanian emplacement of that structure. C1 [Thigpen, J. Ryan] Univ Kentucky, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Thigpen, J. Ryan; Hatcher, Robert D., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Thigpen, J. Ryan; Hatcher, Robert D., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Sci Alliance Ctr Excellence, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kah, Linda C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Repetski, John E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Thigpen, JR (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.; Thigpen, JR (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.; Thigpen, JR (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Sci Alliance Ctr Excellence, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ryan.thigpen@uky.edu FU National Geologic Mapping Cooperative-EDMAP Component Grant [USGS 04HQAG0026]; University of Tennessee Science Alliance Center of Excellence Stipend FX Portions of this work were supported by the National Geologic Mapping Cooperative-EDMAP Component Grant USGS 04HQAG0026 to RDH and JRT and the University of Tennessee Science Alliance Center of Excellence Stipend to RDH. We would like to thank Scott Southworth, Leonard Wiener, Carl Merschat, Bart Cattanach, and Dave Moecher for numerous enlightening discussions about various aspects of western Blue Ridge geology. We thank Harvey Belkin (USGS) for his help with the SEM imaging and mineralogical analysis of the conodonts. Critical reviews by internal USGS reviewers Avery Drake and Arthur Schultz and AJS reviewers Jim Tull, Mark Steltenpohl, and Editor Page Chamberlain greatly improved the quality and clarity of this manuscript. Use of trade or brand names herein does not constitute or imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey or the U.S. Government. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 EI 1945-452X J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 316 IS 3 BP 279 EP 308 DI 10.2475/03.2016.03 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DK9KH UT WOS:000375248800003 ER PT J AU Brodnik, RM Fraker, ME Anderson, EJ Carreon-Martinez, L DeVanna, KM Heath, DD Reichert, JM Roseman, EF Ludsin, SA AF Brodnik, Reed M. Fraker, Michael E. Anderson, Eric J. Carreon-Martinez, Lucia DeVanna, Kristen M. Heath, Daniel D. Reichert, Julie M. Roseman, Edward F. Ludsin, Stuart A. TI Larval dispersal underlies demographically important intersystem connectivity in a Great Lakes yellow perch (Perca flavescens) population SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF FISH; WALLEYE SANDER-VITREUS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; ASSIGNMENT METHODS; MARINE FISH; ERIE; RECRUITMENT; MODELS; MECHANISMS; SALMON AB Ability to quantify connectivity among spawning subpopulations and their relative contribution of recruits to the broader population is a critical fisheries management need. By combining microsatellite and age information from larval yellow perch (Perca flavescens) collected in the Lake St. Clair - Detroit River system (SC-DRS) and western Lake Erie with a hydrodynamic backtracking approach, we quantified subpopulation structure, connectivity, and contributions of recruits to the juvenile stage in western Lake Erie during 2006-2007. After finding weak (yet stable) genetic structure between the SC-DRS and two western Lake Erie subpopulations, microsatellites also revealed measurable recruitment of SC-DRS larvae to the juvenile stage in western Lake Erie (17%-21% during 2006-2007). Consideration of precollection larval dispersal trajectories, using hydrodynamic backtracking, increased estimated contributions to 65% in 2006 and 57% in 2007. Our findings highlight the value of complementing subpopulation discrimination methods with hydrodynamic predictions of larval dispersal by revealing the SC-DRS as a source of recruits to western Lake Erie and also showing that connectivity through larval dispersal can affect the structure and dynamics of large lake fish populations. C1 [Brodnik, Reed M.; Fraker, Michael E.; DeVanna, Kristen M.; Ludsin, Stuart A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Anderson, Eric J.] NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Carreon-Martinez, Lucia] Univ Texas Brownsville, Dept Biol, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Heath, Daniel D.; Reichert, Julie M.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Roseman, Edward F.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Ludsin, SA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM ludsin.1@osu.edu RI Carreon Martinez, Lucia/B-9214-2017 FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program (Fish Management in Ohio) [F-69-P]; Ohio State University's Chapter of Sigma Xi; Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology; College of Arts and Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Great Lakes Fishery Commission Fisheries Research Program FX This work was funded by multiple sources and supported by multiple partners, including the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program (F-69-P, Fish Management in Ohio), administered jointly by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Ohio Department of Natural Resources - Division of Wildlife (ODNR-DOW). Monetary support for genetic analyses and processing of Detroit River fish was provided by The Ohio State University's Chapter of Sigma Xi (to RMB), Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology (to SAL), and College of Arts and Sciences (to RMB), as well as the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (to DDH). Monetary support for collections of yellow perch larvae and juveniles was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission Fisheries Research Program (to SAL and DDH), with in-kind support provided by the ODNR-DOW, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, and the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. We also thank W. Stott and the anonymous reviewers for comments that improved this manuscript. This is GLERL contribution 1776 and contribution No. 1964 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 73 IS 3 BP 416 EP 426 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0161 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DL1WM UT WOS:000375423600009 ER PT J AU Robertson, DM Rose, WJ Reneau, PC AF Robertson, Dale M. Rose, William J. Reneau, Paul C. TI Interannual and long-term changes in the trophic state of a multibasin lake: effects of morphology, climate, winter aeration, and beaver activity SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW LAKES; WATER-QUALITY; GREAT-LAKES; PHOSPHORUS; PONDS; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; FLUXES; REGION; STREAM AB Little St. Germain Lake (LSG), a relatively pristine multibasin lake in Wisconsin, USA, was examined to determine how morphologic (internal), climatic (external), anthropogenic (winter aeration), and natural (beaver activity) factors affect the trophic state (phosphorus, P; chlorophyll, CHL; and Secchi depth, SD) of each of its basins. Basins intercepting the main flow and external P sources had highest P and CHL and shallowest SD. Internal loading in shallow, polymictic basins caused P and CHL to increase and SD to decrease as summer progressed. Winter aeration used to eliminate winterkill increased summer internal P loading and decreased water quality, while reductions in upstream beaver impoundments had little effect on water quality. Variations in air temperature and precipitation affected each basin differently. Warmer air temperatures increased productivity throughout the lake and decreased clarity in less eutrophic basins. Increased precipitation increased P in the basins intercepting the main flow but had little effect on the isolated deep West Bay. These relations are used to project effects of future climatic changes on LSG and other temperate lakes. C1 [Robertson, Dale M.; Rose, William J.; Reneau, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Robertson, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM dzrobert@usgs.gov OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596 FU Little St. Germain Lake Protection and Rehabilitation District (Lake District); USGS Cooperative Water Program FX Financial support for this study was provided by the Little St. Germain Lake Protection and Rehabilitation District (Lake District) and the USGS Cooperative Water Program. Assistance with data collection was provided by Eric Dantoin, Brent Olson, and Jeff Hanig of the USGS and several volunteers from the Lake District. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 14 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 73 IS 3 BP 445 EP 460 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0249 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DL1WM UT WOS:000375423600012 ER PT J AU Maldonado, J Bennett, TMB Chief, K Cochran, P Cozzetto, K Gough, B Redsteer, MH Lynn, K Maynard, N Voggesser, G AF Maldonado, Julie Bennett, T. M. Bull Chief, Karletta Cochran, Patricia Cozzetto, Karen Gough, Bob Redsteer, Margaret Hiza Lynn, Kathy Maynard, Nancy Voggesser, Garrit TI Engagement with indigenous peoples and honoring traditional knowledge systems SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE AB The organizers of the 2014 US National Climate Assessment (NCA) made a concerted effort to reach out to and collaborate with Indigenous peoples, resulting in the most comprehensive information to date on climate change impacts to Indigenous peoples in a US national assessment. Yet, there is still much room for improvement in assessment processes to ensure adequate recognition of Indigenous perspectives and Indigenous knowledge systems. This article discusses the process used in creating the Indigenous Peoples, Land, and Resources NCA chapter by a team comprised of tribal members, agencies, academics, and non-governmental organizations, who worked together to solicit, collect, and synthesize traditional knowledges and data from a diverse array of Indigenous communities across the US. It also discusses the synergy and discord between traditional knowledge systems and science and the emergence of cross-cutting issues and vulnerabilities for Indigenous peoples. The challenges of coalescing information about climate change and its impacts on Indigenous communities are outlined along with recommendations on the types of information to include in future assessment outputs. We recommend that future assessments - not only NCA, but other relevant local, regional, national, and international efforts aimed at the translation of climate information and assessments into meaningful actions - should support integration of Indigenous perspectives in a sustained way that builds respectful relationships and effectively engages Indigenous communities. Given the large number of tribes in the US and the current challenges and unique vulnerabilities of Indigenous communities, a special report focusing solely on climate change and Indigenous peoples is warranted. "Climate change. remind[s] us that, as my Lakota relatives say, 'We are all related.' That might be the wisdom we need most whether scientist or non-scientist - Indigenous or non-Indigenous." - Dr. Daniel Wildcat, Haskell Indian Nations University(1) C1 [Maldonado, Julie] Livelihoods Knowledge Network, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Bennett, T. M. Bull] Kiksapa Consulting LLC, Mandan, ND USA. [Chief, Karletta] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Cochran, Patricia] Alaska Nat Sci Commiss, Anchorage, AK USA. [Cozzetto, Karen] Inst Tribal Environm Profess, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Gough, Bob] Intertribal Council Util Policy, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Redsteer, Margaret Hiza] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lynn, Kathy] Pacific Northwest Tribal Climate Change Network, Eugene, OR USA. [Maynard, Nancy] NOAA, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Voggesser, Garrit] Natl Wildlife Federat, Denver, CO USA. RP Maldonado, J (reprint author), Livelihoods Knowledge Network, Santa Barbara, CA USA. EM jkmaldo@gmail.com NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2016 VL 135 IS 1 BP 111 EP 126 DI 10.1007/s10584-015-1535-7 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL2LG UT WOS:000375465700009 ER PT J AU Beever, EA O'Leary, J Mengelt, C West, JM Julius, S Green, N Magness, D Petes, L Stein, B Nicotra, AB Hellmann, JJ Robertson, AL Staudinger, MD Rosenberg, AA Babij, E Brennan, J Schuurman, GW Hofmann, GE AF Beever, Erik A. O'Leary, John Mengelt, Claudia West, Jordan M. Julius, Susan Green, Nancy Magness, Dawn Petes, Laura Stein, Bruce Nicotra, Adrienne B. Hellmann, Jessica J. Robertson, Amanda L. Staudinger, Michelle D. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Babij, Eleanora Brennan, Jean Schuurman, Gregor W. Hofmann, Gretchen E. TI Improving Conservation Outcomes with a New Paradigm for Understanding Species' Fundamental and Realized Adaptive Capacity SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Climate adaptation; climate change; conservation management; fundamental adaptive capacity; policy-relevant research questions; realized adaptive capacity; vulnerability assessment ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; CHANGING CLIMATE; EVOLUTIONARY; ADAPTATION; RESPONSES; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATION; MODELS; FUTURE AB Worldwide, many species are responding to ongoing climate change with shifts in distribution, abundance, phenology, or behavior. Consequently, natural-resource managers face increasingly urgent conservation questions related to biodiversity loss, expansion of invasive species, and deteriorating ecosystem services. We argue that our ability to address these questions is hampered by the lack of explicit consideration of species' adaptive capacity (AC). AC is the ability of a species or population to cope with climatic changes and is characterized by three fundamental components: phenotypic plasticity, dispersal ability, and genetic diversity. However, few studies simultaneously address all elements; often, AC is confused with sensitivity or omitted altogether from climate-change vulnerability assessments. Improved understanding, consistent definition, and comprehensive evaluations of AC are needed. Using classic ecological-niche theory as an analogy, we propose a new paradigm that considers fundamental and realized AC: the former reflects aspects inherent to species, whereas the latter denotes how extrinsic factors constrain AC to what is actually expressed or observed. Through this conceptualization, we identify ecological attributes contributing to AC, outline areas of research necessary to advance understanding of AC, and provide examples demonstrating how the inclusion of AC can better inform conservation and natural-resource management. C1 [Beever, Erik A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Beever, Erik A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [O'Leary, John] Massachusetts Div Fisheries & Wildlife, 100 Hartwell St, West Boylston, MA 01583 USA. [Mengelt, Claudia] CNR, 500 Fifth St NW, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [West, Jordan M.; Julius, Susan] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave 8601P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Green, Nancy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Program, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [Magness, Dawn] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Petes, Laura] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Stein, Bruce] Natl Wildlife Federat, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Nicotra, Adrienne B.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Hellmann, Jessica J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Robertson, Amanda L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sci Applicat, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Robertson, Amanda L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Staudinger, Michelle D.] Northeast Climate Sci Ctr, Dept Interior, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Staudinger, Michelle D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Ctr Sci & Democracy, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Babij, Eleanora] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Program, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [Brennan, Jean] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Appalachian Landscape Conservat Cooperat, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. [Schuurman, Gregor W.] Natl Pk Serv, Nat Resource Stewardship & Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Schuurman, Gregor W.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. [Hofmann, Gretchen E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Beever, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM EBeever@usgs.gov RI Nicotra, Adrienne/C-1361-2009; OI Staudinger, Michelle/0000-0002-4535-2005 FU Great Basin LCC; U.S. Geological Survey; National Wildlife Federation FX We are grateful for critical comments on earlier drafts by F.S. Chapin III, H. Coleman, M.W. Schwartz, and N.L. Stephenson. Research in Box 1 on pikas was supported by the Great Basin LCC, U.S. Geological Survey, and National Wildlife Federation. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of any of the authors' institutions or agencies. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 9 IS 2 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1111/conl.12190 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DK2XV UT WOS:000374778600007 ER PT J AU Corral, I Cardellach, E Corbella, M Canals, A Gomez-Gras, D Griera, A Cosca, MA AF Corral, Isaac Cardellach, Esteve Corbella, Merce Canals, Angels Gomez-Gras, David Griera, Albert Cosca, Michael A. TI Cerro Quema (Azuero Peninsula, Panama): Geology, Alteration, Mineralization, and Geochronology of a Volcanic Dome-Hosted High-Sulfidation Au-Cu Deposit SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN SOUTH-AMERICA; HYDROTHERMAL ORE-DEPOSITS; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; COPPER MINERALIZATION; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; CONVERGENT MARGIN; FARALLON PLATE; LAND-BRIDGE; COSTA-RICA; EVOLUTION AB Cerro Quema (Azuero Peninsula, southwest Panama) is a high-sulfidation epithermal Au-Cu deposit hosted by a dacite dome complex of the Rio Quema Formation (late Campanian to Maastrichtian), a fore-arc basin sequence. Mineral resource estimates (indicated + inferred) are 30.86 Mt at 0.73 g/t Au, containing 728,000 oz Au (including 76.900 oz Au equiv of Cu ore). Hydrothermal alteration and mineralization are controlled by an E-trending regional fault system. Hydrothermal alteration consists of an inner zone of vuggy quartz with locally developed advanced argillic alteration, enclosed by a well-developed zone of argillic alteration, grading to an external halo of propylitic alteration. Mineralization produced disseminations and microveinlets of pyrite and minor chalcopyrite, enargite, and tennantite, with traces of sphalerite, crosscut by late-stage base metal veins. New Ar-40/Ar-39 data of igneous rocks combined with biostratigraphic ages of the volcanic sequence indicate a maximum age of lower Eocene (similar to 55-49 Ma) for the Cerro Quema deposit. It was probably triggered by the emplacement of an underlying porphyry-like intrusion associated with the Valle Rico batholith. The geologic model suggests that in the Azuero Peninsula high-sullidation epithermal mineralization occurs in the Cretaceous-Paleogene fore arc. This consideration should he taken into account when exploring for this deposit type in similar geologic terrines. C1 [Corral, Isaac; Cardellach, Esteve; Corbella, Merce; Gomez-Gras, David; Griera, Albert] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Geol, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Corral, Isaac] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Econ Geol Res Ctr EGRU, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Canals, Angels] Univ Barcelona, Fac Geol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Cosca, Michael A.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Corral, I (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Geol, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.; Corral, I (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Econ Geol Res Ctr EGRU, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM i.corral.geo@gmail.com RI Griera, Albert/G-8443-2013 OI Griera, Albert/0000-0003-4598-8385 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Education [CGL2007-62690/BTE]; Departament d'Universitats, Recerca i Societat de la Informacio (Generalitat de Catalunya); SEG Foundation; SEG Canada Foundation FX This study is part of the first author's Ph.D., performed within the framework of the Ph.D. program in geology of the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. The research was supported through the research project CGL2007-62690/BTE (Spanish Ministry of Science and Education), and a by a predoctoral grant from the Departament d'Universitats, Recerca i Societat de la Informacio (Generalitat de Catalunya). The corresponding author would like to express his gratitude to the SEG Foundation and the SEG Canada Foundation for the 2009, 2010, and 2011 Hugh E. McKinstry student research grants, which paid for part of the field and related laboratory research expenses. We thank Bellhaven Copper and Gold Inc. for access to mine samples and drill cores used in this study. Discussions and fieldwork comments on the Cerro Quema deposit geology from Carl E. Nelson and Stewart D. Redwood were very fruitful and are greatly appreciated. We want to thank Jose Berrenenchea and Juan D. Martin-Martin for the supervision of the clay separation work and XRD interpretation, respectively. Help from and discussions with Xavier Llovet and Flora Boekhout about EMPA analyses and Ar/Ar data interpretation, respectively, are specially appreciated. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to Dr. David R. Cooke, DE Peter Hollings, and Dr. Huayong Chen for their comments and critical revision of the manuscript, which contributed to a substantial improvement. NR 103 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 111 IS 2 BP 287 EP 310 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DL0WQ UT WOS:000375353700001 ER PT J AU Collins, SF Baxter, CV Marcarelli, AM Wipfli, MS AF Collins, Scott F. Baxter, Colden V. Marcarelli, Amy M. Wipfli, Mark S. TI Effects of experimentally added salmon subsidies on resident fishes via direct and indirect pathways SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Idaho; indirect effects; Pacific salmon; resource subsidies; salmon carcass analog; trophic control ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; CARCASS ANALOG; PACIFIC SALMON; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; FOOD WEBS; FRESH-WATER; STREAM PRODUCTIVITY; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; IDAHO STREAMS AB Artificial additions of nutrients of differing forms such as salmon carcasses and analog pellets (i.e. pasteurized fishmeal) have been proposed as a means of stimulating aquatic productivity and enhancing populations of anadromous and resident fishes. Nutrient mitigation to enhance fish production in stream ecosystems assumes that the central pathway by which effects occur is bottom-up, through aquatic primary and secondary production, with little consideration of reciprocal aquatic-terrestrial pathways. The net outcome (i.e. bottom-up vs. top-down) of adding salmon-derived materials to streams depend on whether or not these subsidies indirectly intensify predation on in situ prey via increases in a shared predator or alleviate such predation pressure. We conducted a 3-year experiment across nine tributaries of the N. Fork Boise River, Idaho, USA, consisting of 500-m stream reaches treated with salmon carcasses (n=3), salmon carcass analog (n=3), and untreated control reaches (n=3). We observed 2-8 fold increases in streambed biofilms in the 2-6weeks following additions of both salmon subsidy treatments in years 1 and 2 and a 1.5-fold increase in standing crop biomass of aquatic invertebrates to carcass additions in the second year of our experiment. The consumption of benthic invertebrates by stream fishes increased 110-140% and 44-66% in carcass and analog streams in the same time frame, which may have masked invertebrate standing crop responses in years 3 and 4. Resident trout directly consumed 10.0-24.0gm(-2)yr(-1) of salmon carcass and <1-11.0gm(-2)yr(-1) of analog material, which resulted in 1.2-2.9gm(-2)yr(-1) and 0.03-1.4gm(-2)yr(-1) of tissue produced. In addition, a feedback flux of terrestrial maggots to streams contributed 0.0-2.0gm(-2)yr(-1) to trout production. Overall, treatments increased annual trout production by 2-3 fold, though density and biomass were unaffected. Our results indicate the strength of bottom-up and top-down responses to subsidy additions was asymmetrical, with top-down forces masking bottom-up effects that required multiple years to manifest. The findings also highlight the need for nutrient mitigation programs to consider multiple pathways of energy and nutrient flow to account for the complex effects of salmon subsidies in stream-riparian ecosystems. C1 [Collins, Scott F.; Baxter, Colden V.; Marcarelli, Amy M.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stream Ecol Ctr, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Marcarelli, Amy M.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Collins, Scott F.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Kaskaskia Biol Stn, Sullivan, IL 61951 USA. RP Collins, SF (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stream Ecol Ctr, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA.; Collins, SF (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Kaskaskia Biol Stn, Sullivan, IL 61951 USA. EM collscot@illinois.edu OI Marcarelli, Amy/0000-0002-4175-9211 FU Bonneville Power Administration [2007-332-00]; Idaho Power; Idaho Department of Fish and Game FX This experiment was conducted in collaboration with K. Kavanagh, J. Chandler, L. Hebdon, L. Felicetti, G. Servheen, T. Wheeler, and A. Noble-Stuen. We are grateful to past and present members of the Stream Ecology Center at Idaho State University for their field, lab, and intellectual support, particularly R. Martin, A. Bell, H. Bechtold, J. Benjamin, J. R. Bellmore, C. Morris, J. Leuders-Dumont, J. Haddix, N. Tillotson, M. Pacioretty, and H. Harris. We thank A. Kohler and E. Keeley for providing comments that improved the manuscript. We additionally thank the volunteers who assisted in deploying carcass and analog treatments each year. This project was funded by Bonneville Power Administration (2007-332-00), Idaho Power, and the Idaho Department of Fish and Game. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 IS 3 AR e01248 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1248 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK4OB UT WOS:000374896800016 ER PT J AU Dharmarajan, G Beasley, JC Beatty, WS Olson, ZH Fike, JA Rhodes, OE AF Dharmarajan, Guha Beasley, James C. Beatty, William S. Olson, Zachary H. Fike, Jennifer A. Rhodes, Olin E., Jr. TI Genetic co-structuring in host-parasite systems: Empirical data from raccoons and raccoon ticks SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE animal movement; disease ecology; ectoparasite; kin structure; mesocarnivore; microsatellite; parasite; spatial structure; Upper Wabash River Basin ID COMPARATIVE POPULATION-GENETICS; PROCYON-LOTOR; DIFFERENTIATION MEASURE; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE; SPATIAL-ORGANIZATION; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ACARI IXODIDAE AB Many aspects of parasite biology critically depend on their hosts, and understanding how host-parasite populations are co-structured can help improve our understanding of the ecology of parasites, their hosts, and host-parasite interactions. This study utilized genetic data collected from raccoons (Procyon lotor), and a specialist parasite, the raccoon tick (Ixodes texanus), to test for genetic co-structuring of host-parasite populations at both landscape and host scales. At the landscape scale, our analyses revealed a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distance matrices (i.e., isolation by distance) in ticks, but not their hosts. While there are several mechanisms that could lead to a stronger pattern of isolation by distance in tick vs. raccoon datasets, our analyses suggest that at least one reason for the above pattern is the substantial increase in statistical power (due to the approximate to 8-fold increase in sample size) afforded by sampling parasites. Host-scale analyses indicated higher relatedness between ticks sampled from related vs. unrelated raccoons trapped within the same habitat patch, a pattern likely driven by increased contact rates between related hosts. By utilizing fine-scale genetic data from both parasites and hosts, our analyses help improve our understanding of epidemiology and host ecology. C1 [Dharmarajan, Guha; Beasley, James C.; Beatty, William S.; Olson, Zachary H.; Fike, Jennifer A.; Rhodes, Olin E., Jr.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dharmarajan, Guha] Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res Kolkata, Dept Biol Sci, Mohanpur 741246, W Bengal, India. [Beasley, James C.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Beatty, William S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Olson, Zachary H.] Univ New England, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Fike, Jennifer A.] Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Rhodes, Olin E., Jr.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Odum Sch Ecol, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Rhodes, OE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.; Rhodes, OE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Odum Sch Ecol, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM rhodes@srel.uga.edu OI Beatty, William/0000-0003-0013-3113 FU Purdue University; Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management [DE-FC09-07SR22506]; Department of Science and Technology, Government of India FX We thank the numerous landowners, who permitted us access to their land, for their cooperation. We also thank colleagues in the genetics laboratory at the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources and the numerous field assistants. Funding for this research was provided by Purdue University. This material is based on work supported by the Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management under award number DE-FC09-07SR22506. GD is supported through a Ramanujan Fellowship Grant from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent endorsement by the U.S. federal government. NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 IS 3 AR e01269 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1269 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK4OB UT WOS:000374896800028 ER PT J AU Latzka, AW Hansen, GJA Kornis, M Vander Zanden, MJ AF Latzka, Alexander W. Hansen, Gretchen J. A. Kornis, Matthew Vander Zanden, M. Jake TI Spatial heterogeneity in invasive species impacts at the landscape scale SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE abundance; density; Dreissena polymorpha; Eurasian watermilfoil; heterogeneity; impact; invasive species; landscape; Myriophyllum spicatum; Wisconsin; zebra mussel ID CONSERVATION PRIORITIES; PLANT INVASION; ALIEN FISHES; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITY; INVADERS; BIODIVERSITY; CONSEQUENCES; ABUNDANCE; HISTORY AB Invasive species have substantial impacts across the globe. While management efforts should aim to minimize undesirable impacts, we have a poor understanding of how impacts of a given invasive species vary spatially. Here, we develop a framework for considering heterogeneity of invasive species impacts that allows us to explore the range of possible spatial patterns of impact. This framework incorporates two factorshow invasive species abundance varies among sites (i.e., abundance distributions) and how invasive species impact varies as a function of abundance (i.e., abundance-impact curves). Combining these two factors allows for the creation of probability distributions that represent how invasive species impacts may vary spatially among sites. We used published abundance distributions and inferred abundance-impact curves to generate impact distributions for two problematic invasive specieszebra mussel and Eurasian watermilfoilacross lakes in Wisconsin, USA. Impact distributions of these species tended to be right-skewed (i.e., the majority of sites had low impacts), although the tail thickness varied. We also simulated how a broader range of combinations of invasive species abundance distributions and abundance-impact curves produce different patterns of invasive species impact. These simulations illustrate a remarkable diversity of invasive species spatial impact patternsprobability distributions of impact were left-skewed, right-skewed, bimodal, and normal. Total landscape-level impacts, estimated by summing site-level impacts, were similarly variable depending on the distribution of site-level impacts. Our results indicate that invasive species abundance and abundance-impact curves ultimately affect how invasive species impacts are distributed across the landscape, which has important implications for invasive species management. C1 [Latzka, Alexander W.; Hansen, Gretchen J. A.; Kornis, Matthew; Vander Zanden, M. Jake] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Latzka, Alexander W.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, MacDonald Campus, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. [Hansen, Gretchen J. A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Sci Serv, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Kornis, Matthew] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. RP Latzka, AW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Latzka, AW (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, MacDonald Campus, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. EM alatzka@gmail.com OI Latzka, Alexander/0000-0002-3969-5714 FU Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; National Science Foundation [CNH-0909281, DEB-1440297]; NTL LTER; NSF-IGERT award [DGE-1144752] FX We thank the many people who provided thoughts on this manuscript, including Steve Carpenter, Zach Lawson, Evan Childress, and Sam Christel. We also thank Jennifer Filbert and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources for providing occurrence records. This material is based upon work supported by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreements #CNH-0909281 and # DEB-1440297, NTL LTER, and a traineeship provided to A. Latzka from NSF-IGERT award DGE-1144752: Novel ecosystems, rapid change, and no-analog conditions: the future of biodiversity conservation in human-dominated landscapes. All authors contributed to conceptualization and revising of this manuscript, AL conducted analyses and wrote the manuscript, GH provided previously published data sets. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 IS 3 AR e01311 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1311 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK4OB UT WOS:000374896800039 ER PT J AU Pepin, KM Davis, AJ Beasley, J Boughton, R Campbell, T Cooper, SM Gaston, W Hartley, S Kilgo, JC Wisely, SM Wyckoff, C VerCauteren, KC AF Pepin, Kim M. Davis, Amy J. Beasley, James Boughton, Raoul Campbell, Tyler Cooper, Susan M. Gaston, Wes Hartley, Steve Kilgo, John C. Wisely, Samantha M. Wyckoff, Christy VerCauteren, Kurt C. TI Contact heterogeneities in feral swine: implications for disease management and future research SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE contact; disease transmission; feral swine; GPS; meta-analysis; network; social structure; Sus scrofa ID WILD BOARS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; NETWORKS; PATTERNS; CATTLE; MODELS; VIRUS; TEXAS; PIGS AB Contact rates vary widely among individuals in socially structured wildlife populations. Understanding the interplay of factors responsible for this variation is essential for planning effective disease management. Feral swine (Sus scrofa) are a socially structured species which pose an increasing threat to livestock and human health, and little is known about contact structure. We analyzed 11 GPS data sets from across the United States to understand the interplay of ecological and demographic factors on variation in co-location rates, a proxy for contact rates. Between-sounder contact rates strongly depended on the distance among home ranges (less contact among sounders separated by >2 km; negligible between sounders separated by >6 km), but other factors causing high clustering between groups of sounders also seemed apparent. Our results provide spatial parameters for targeted management actions, identify data gaps that could lead to improved management and provide insight on experimental design for quantitating contact rates and structure. C1 [Pepin, Kim M.; Davis, Amy J.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Beasley, James] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Boughton, Raoul] Univ Florida, Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, 3401 Expt Stn, Ona, FL 33865 USA. [Campbell, Tyler] East Fdn, 200 Concord Plaza Dr,Suite 410, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. [Cooper, Susan M.] Texas A&M AgriLife Res, 1619 Garner Field Rd, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. [Gaston, Wes] USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Hartley, Steve] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Kilgo, John C.] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, USDA, POB 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. [Wisely, Samantha M.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wyckoff, Christy] Santa Lucia Conservancy, 26700 Rancho San Carlos Rd, Carmel, CA 93923 USA. [Wyckoff, Christy] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, 955 Univ Blvd, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Pepin, KM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM kim.m.pepin@aphis.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture National Wildlife Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC09-07SR22506, DE-AI09-00SR22188]; U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Savannah River; USDA NWRC [1274120896CA] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their careful, insightful reviews of an earlier version of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Wildlife Research Center and the U.S. Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FC09-07SR22506 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation and under Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI09-00SR22188 with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Savannah River. USDA NWRC provided funding to University of Florida under USDA APHIS Cooperative Agreement 1274120896CA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 IS 3 AR e01230 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1230 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK4OB UT WOS:000374896800009 ER PT J AU Read, EK O'Rourke, M Hong, GS Hanson, PC Winslow, LA Crowley, S Brewer, CA Weathers, KC AF Read, E. K. O'Rourke, M. Hong, G. S. Hanson, P. C. Winslow, L. A. Crowley, S. Brewer, C. A. Weathers, K. C. TI Building the team for team science SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE ecological observatory network; graduate student training; interdisciplinarity; network science; team science ID INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH; SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE; MACROSYSTEMS ECOLOGY; KNOWLEDGE; DIALOGUE; SKILLS AB The ability to effectively exchange information and develop trusting, collaborative relationships across disciplinary boundaries is essential for 21st century scientists charged with solving complex and large-scale societal and environmental challenges, yet these communication skills are rarely taught. Here, we describe an adaptable training program designed to increase the capacity of scientists to engage in information exchange and relationship development in team science settings. A pilot of the program, developed by a leader in ecological network science, the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON), indicates that the training program resulted in improvement in early career scientists' confidence in team-based network science collaborations within and outside of the program. Fellows in the program navigated human-network challenges, expanded communication skills, and improved their ability to build professional relationships, all in the context of producing collaborative scientific outcomes. Here, we describe the rationale for key communication training elements and provide evidence that such training is effective in building essential team science skills. C1 [Read, E. K.; Weathers, K. C.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 13545 USA. [Read, E. K.; Winslow, L. A.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [O'Rourke, M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Philosophy & AgBioRes, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hong, G. S.; Hanson, P. C.; Winslow, L. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Crowley, S.] Boise State Univ, Dept Philosophy, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Brewer, C. A.] Univ Montana, Dept Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Read, EK (reprint author), Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 13545 USA.; Read, EK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM eread@usgs.gov OI Read, Emily/0000-0002-9617-9433 FU National Science Foundation Macrosystems Biology Awards [1137353, 1137327] FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation Macrosystems Biology Awards #1137353 and 1137327. We are very grateful to the first cohort fellows for their curiosity and willingness to experiment with us in the program; and to the fellows' graduate advisors, for supporting the fellows in this endeavor. The manuscript was improved as a result of comments from N. Burkardt and A.P. Appling. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 IS 3 AR e01291 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1291 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK4OB UT WOS:000374896800036 ER PT J AU Ricca, MA Miles, AK Van Vuren, DH Eviner, VT AF Ricca, Mark A. Miles, A. Keith Van Vuren, Dirk H. Eviner, Valerie T. TI Impacts of introduced Rangifer on ecosystem processes of maritime tundra on subarctic islands SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Aleutian; alternative state; caribou; irruption; isotope; mineralization; nitrogen; plant; Rangifer tarandus; reindeer; soil ID ST-MATTHEW-ISLAND; VERTEBRATE HERBIVORES; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; REINDEER; VEGETATION; CARIBOU; ALASKA; RESPONSES AB Introductions of mammalian herbivores to remote islands without predators provide a natural experiment to ask how temporal and spatial variation in herbivory intensity alter feedbacks between plant and soil processes. We investigated ecosystem effects resulting from introductions of Rangifer tarandus (hereafter "Rangifer") to native mammalian predator- and herbivore-free islands in the Aleutian archipelago of Alaska. We hypothesized that the maritime tundra of these islands would experience either: (1) accelerated ecosystem processes mediated by positive feedbacks between increased graminoid production and rapid nitrogen cycling; or (2) decelerated processes mediated by herbivory that stimulated shrub domination and lowered soil fertility. We measured summer plant and soil properties across three islands representing a chronosequence of elapsed time post-Rangifer introduction (Atka: -100yr; Adak: -50; Kagalaska: -0), with distinct stages of irruptive population dynamics of Rangifer nested within each island (Atka: irruption, K-overshoot, decline, K-re-equilibration; Adak: irruption, K-overshoot; Kagalaska: initial introduction). We also measured Rangifer spatial use within islands (indexed by pellet group counts) to determine how ecosystem processes responded to spatial variation in herbivory. Vegetation community response to herbivory varied with temporal and spatial scale. When comparing temporal effects using the island chronosequence, increased time since herbivore introduction led to more graminoids and fewer dwarf-shrubs, lichens, and mosses. Slow-growing Cladonia lichens that are highly preferred winter forage were decimated on both long-term Rangifer-occupied islands. In addition, linear relations between more concentrated Rangifer spatial use and reductions in graminoid and forb biomass within islands added spatial heterogeneity to long-term patterns identified by the chronosequence. These results support, in part, the hypothesis that Rangifer population persistence on islands is facilitated by successful exploitation of graminoid biomass as winter forage after palatable lichens are decimated. However, the shift from shrubs to graminoids was expected to enhance rates of nitrogen cycling, yet rates of net N-mineralization, NH4+ pools, and soil delta N-15 declined markedly along the chronosequence and were weakly associated with spatial use within islands. Overall plant and soil patterns were disrupted but responded differently to intermediate (50 yr) and long-term (100 yr) herbivory, and were correlated with distinct stages of irruptive population dynamics. C1 [Ricca, Mark A.; Miles, A. Keith] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ricca, Mark A.; Miles, A. Keith; Van Vuren, Dirk H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Eviner, Valerie T.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ricca, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Ricca, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.; Ricca, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM mark_ricca@usgs.gov FU USFWS Region 7 Invasives with Volunteers Program; USGS Western Ecological Research Center; UC Davis Graduate Group in Ecology; USFWS-AMNWR; Friends of Alaska National Wildlife Refuges FX Our study was supported by the USFWS Region 7 Invasives with Volunteers Program (D. Jerry), USGS Western Ecological Research Center, UC Davis Graduate Group in Ecology, USFWS-AMNWR, and Friends of Alaska National Wildlife Refuges. We thank volunteer field assistants K. Ramey, F. Weckerly, and A. Duarte for their endurance and dedication. USFWS-AMNWR biologists J. Williams, L. Spitler, and G. V. Byrd provided critical support throughout the study, and W. Pepper and the crew of the R/V Tiglax provided deft passage to Atka. Plant identification was aided by advice and field guides from M. Garoutte, I. Jones, R. Kaler, L. Kenney, and S. Talbot. We thank J. Mellinger-Ross, S. Waters, S. Stevens, L. VanCleave, and E. Caceres-Ricca for processing plant and soil samples. R. Devereux and J. Hearty provided indispensable help with nitrogen spectrophotometry, and M. Cadenasso and D. Hermann kindly provided use of additional laboratory equipment. M. Herzog, J. Yee, A. Brand, and F. Weckerly provided statistical advice. We thank K. McEachern and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on prior manuscript drafts. J. Estes and T. Tinker graciously allowed use of their skiff to access remote areas on Adak and Kagalaska. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 IS 3 AR e01219 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1219 PG 23 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK4OB UT WOS:000374896800003 ER PT J AU Sesnie, SE Mueller, JM Lehnen, SE Rowin, SM Reidy, JL Thompson, FR AF Sesnie, Steven E. Mueller, James M. Lehnen, Sarah E. Rowin, Scott M. Reidy, Jennifer L. Thompson, Frank R., III TI Airborne laser altimetry and multispectral imagery for modeling Golden-cheeked Warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia) density SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE density models; distance sampling; endangered species; LiDAR; NAIP imagery; point-count surveys; remote sensing ID POINT-COUNT SURVEYS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; DENDROICA-CHRYSOPARIA; REDUCTION TREATMENTS; RURAL LANDSCAPES; CENTRAL TEXAS; LIDAR DATA; FOREST; OCCUPANCY; HETEROGENEITY AB Robust models of wildlife population size, spatial distribution, and habitat relationships are needed to more effectively monitor endangered species and prioritize habitat conservation efforts. Remotely sensed data such as airborne laser altimetry (LiDAR) and digital color infrared (CIR) aerial photography combined with well-designed field studies can help fill these information voids. We used point count-based distance sampling survey data and LiDAR-fused CIR aerial photography to model density of the Golden-cheeked Warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia), an endangered songbird, on the 10000-ha Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge (BCNWR). We developed a novel set of candidate models to explain Golden-cheeked Warbler detection probability and density using habitat covariates characterizing vegetation structure, composition, and complexity as well as habitat fragmentation, topography, and human infrastructure. We had the most model support for covariates calculated using focal means representing a 3.2ha territory size (100 m radius) vs. 1.8 and 7.0 ha territory sizes. Detection probability decreased with canopy cover and increased with topographic roughness. Golden-cheeked Warbler density increased with canopy cover, was highest at a 7:3 ratio of Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei) to broadleaf tree canopy cover, and decreased with global solar radiation. Predicted warbler densities using 3 min point counts were similar to six estimates from independently collected warbler territory mapping on BCNWR with a mean difference of 6% and a Root Mean Squared Error of 1.88 males/40 ha. The total population size for BCNWR was estimated at 884 Golden-cheeked Warbler males (95% CI 662, 1206) and predicted densities across the refuge ranged from 0.0 to 0.50 male warblers per ha. On the basis of observed habitat relationships, we defined high quality habitat as having at least 60% canopy cover with Ashe juniper comprising 50-90% of the canopy. We estimated 48% of the area at BCNWR managed for Golden-cheeked Warblers was in high quality habitat conditions and identified patches within the lower habitat quality areas (14% of warbler management areas) that had the greatest potential to become high quality habitat with management. Our approach combined robust wildlife surveys with highly scalable remotely sensed data to examine habitat relationships, estimate population size, and identify existing areas of high quality habitat. This method can be applied to other species of conservation interest and can be used with multiple years of remotely sensed data to assess changes in habitat at local to regional scales. C1 [Sesnie, Steven E.; Lehnen, Sarah E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv Southwest Reg, Div Biol Sci, POB 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. [Mueller, James M.; Rowin, Scott M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Balcones Canyonlands Natl Wildlife Refuge, 24518 E FM 1431, Marble Falls, TX 78654 USA. [Reidy, Jennifer L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 202 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Sesnie, SE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv Southwest Reg, Div Biol Sci, POB 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. EM Steven_Sesnie@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southwest Region Inventory and Monitoring Initiative FX This study was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southwest Region Inventory and Monitoring Initiative. We thank Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge manager D. Holle and staff for their support with all phases of this project. We thank technicians R. Davis, E. Haeuser, D. Morgan, and S. Shipper for their dedication to supporting field data collection and their attention to detail during point-count surveys. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for providing comments that contributed to developing an improved version of this article. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 IS 3 AR e01220 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1220 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK4OB UT WOS:000374896800004 ER PT J AU von Huene, R Miller, JJ Dartnell, P AF von Huene, Roland Miller, John J. Dartnell, Peter TI A possible transoceanic tsunami directed toward the US west coast from the Semidi segment, Alaska convergent margin SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Alaska subduction zone; Semidi earthquake segment; splay fault zone; subducted hot spot ridge; tsunami hazards; subduction erosion ID TOHOKU-OKI EARTHQUAKE; SHUMAGIN SEISMIC GAP; ALEUTIAN ISLAND-ARC; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; SPLAY FAULT; SUBDUCTION ZONE; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; RUPTURE; DEFORMATION; TRENCH AB The Semidi segment of the Alaska convergent margin appears capable of generating a giant tsunami like the one produced along the nearby Unimak segment in 1946. Reprocessed legacy seismic reflection data and a compilation of multibeam bathymetric surveys reveal structures that could generate such a tsunami. A 200 km long ridge or escarpment with crests >1 km high is the surface expression of an active out-of-sequence fault zone, recently referred to as a splay fault. Such faults are potentially tsunamigenic. This type of fault zone separates the relatively rigid rock of the margin framework from the anelastic accreted sediment prism. Seafloor relief of the ridge exceeds that of similar age accretionary prism ridges indicating preferential slip along the splay fault zone. The greater slip may derive from Quaternary subduction of the Patton Murray hot spot ridge that extends 200 km toward the east across the north Pacific. Estimates of tsunami repeat times from paleotsunami studies indicate that the Semidi segment could be near the end of its current inter-seismic cycle. GPS records from Chirikof Island at the shelf edge indicate 90% locking of plate interface faults. An earthquake in the shallow Semidi subduction zone could generate a tsunami that will inundate the US west coast more than the 1946 and 1964 earthquakes because the Semidi continental slope azimuth directs a tsunami southeastward. C1 [von Huene, Roland] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Miller, John J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Dartnell, Peter] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP von Huene, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rhuene@mindspring.com NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 17 IS 3 BP 645 EP 659 DI 10.1002/2015GC006147 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK7ZA UT WOS:000375144700001 ER PT J AU Salvatore, MR Kraft, MD Edwards, CS Christensen, PR AF Salvatore, M. R. Kraft, M. D. Edwards, C. S. Christensen, P. R. TI The geologic history of Margaritifer basin, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Mars; geology; water; channel; spectroscopy ID THERMAL-INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; NORTHERN PLAINS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; ARES VALLIS; DEPOSITS; SURFACE; GEOMORPHOLOGY; DIVERSITY; HYDROLOGY; EVOLUTION AB In this study, we investigate the fluvial, sedimentary, and volcanic history of Margaritifer basin and the Uzboi-Ladon-Morava outflow channel system. This network of valleys and basins spans more than 8000km in length, linking the fluvially dissected southern highlands and Argyre basin with the northern lowlands via Ares Vallis. Compositionally, thermophysically, and morphologically distinct geologic units are identified and are used to place critical relative stratigraphic constraints on the timing of geologic processes in Margaritifer basin. Our analyses show that fluvial activity was separated in time by significant episodes of geologic activity, including the widespread volcanic resurfacing of Margaritifer basin and the formation of chaos terrain. The most recent fluvial activity within Margaritifer basin appears to terminate at a region of chaos terrain, suggesting possible communication between surface and subsurface water reservoirs. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these observations on our current knowledge of Martian hydrologic evolution in this important region. C1 [Salvatore, M. R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nat Sci, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. [Kraft, M. D.; Christensen, P. R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Kraft, M. D.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Edwards, C. S.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Salvatore, MR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nat Sci, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. EM msalva@umich.edu FU Mars Data Analysis Program (MDAP) [NNX14AN69G] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the JMARS development team, in addition to the science teams associated with the Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Odyssey, and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter projects. We would like to thank Lillian Ostrach for her input and guidance with our crater counting efforts. The authors would also like to thank Tim Glotch, Ross Irwin, and the JGR-Planets editorial staff for their insightful reviews and assistance with this manuscript. This work was funded by the Mars Data Analysis Program (MDAP) award NNX14AN69G to MDK. All data presented in this manuscript are freely available via the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planetary Data System. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 119 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 273 EP 295 DI 10.1002/2015JE004938 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DJ6VY UT WOS:000374352500002 ER PT J AU Mangold, N Thompson, LM Forni, O Williams, AJ Fabre, C Le Deit, L Wiens, RC Williams, R Anderson, RB Blaney, DL Calef, F Cousin, A Clegg, SM Dromart, G Dietrich, WE Edgett, KS Fisk, MR Gasnault, O Gellert, R Grotzinger, JP Kah, L Le Mouelic, S McLennan, SM Maurice, S Meslin, PY Newsom, HE Palucis, MC Rapin, W Sautter, V Siebach, KL Stack, K Sumner, D Yingst, A AF Mangold, N. Thompson, L. M. Forni, O. Williams, A. J. Fabre, C. Le Deit, L. Wiens, R. C. Williams, R. Anderson, R. B. Blaney, D. L. Calef, F. Cousin, A. Clegg, S. M. Dromart, G. Dietrich, W. E. Edgett, K. S. Fisk, M. R. Gasnault, O. Gellert, R. Grotzinger, J. P. Kah, L. Le Mouelic, S. McLennan, S. M. Maurice, S. Meslin, P-Y. Newsom, H. E. Palucis, M. C. Rapin, W. Sautter, V. Siebach, K. L. Stack, K. Sumner, D. Yingst, A. TI Composition of conglomerates analyzed by the Curiosity rover: Implications for Gale Crater crust and sediment sources SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Mars; fluvial; sedimentary rocks; Gale Crater ID CHEMCAM INSTRUMENT SUITE; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; YELLOWKNIFE BAY; MARTIAN CRUST; GRAIN-SIZE; MARS; EVOLUTION; DIVERSITY; METEORITE; OLIVINE AB The Curiosity rover has analyzed various detrital sedimentary rocks at Gale Crater, among which fluvial and lacustrine rocks are predominant. Conglomerates correspond both to the coarsest sediments analyzed and the least modified by chemical alteration, enabling us to link their chemistry to that of source rocks on the Gale Crater rims. In this study, we report the results of six conglomerate targets analyzed by Alpha-Particle X-ray Spectrometer and 40 analyzed by ChemCam. The bulk chemistry derived by both instruments suggests two distinct end-members for the conglomerate compositions. The first group (Darwin type) is typical of conglomerates analyzed before sol 540; it has a felsic alkali-rich composition, with a Na2O/K2O>5. The second group (Kimberley type) is typical of conglomerates analyzed between sols 540 and 670 in the vicinity of the Kimberley waypoint; it has an alkali-rich potassic composition with Na2O/K2O<2. The variety of chemistry and igneous textures (when identifiable) of individual clasts suggest that each conglomerate type is a mixture of multiple source rocks. Conglomerate compositions are in agreement with most of the felsic alkali-rich float rock compositions analyzed in the hummocky plains. The average composition of conglomerates can be taken as a proxy of the average igneous crust composition at Gale Crater. Differences between the composition of conglomerates and that of finer-grained detrital sediments analyzed by the rover suggest modifications by diagenetic processes (especially for Mg enrichments in fine-grained rocks), physical sorting, and mixing with finer-grained material of different composition. C1 [Mangold, N.; Le Deit, L.; Le Mouelic, S.] Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, UMR 6112, Nantes, France. [Thompson, L. M.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Earth Sci, Planetary & Space Sci Ctr, Fredericton, NB, Canada. [Forni, O.; Cousin, A.; Gasnault, O.; Maurice, S.; Meslin, P-Y.; Rapin, W.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, CNRS, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, Toulouse, France. [Williams, A. J.] Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD USA. [Fabre, C.] Univ Lorraine, GeoRessources, Nancy, France. [Wiens, R. C.; Clegg, S. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Williams, R.; Yingst, A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Anderson, R. B.] USGS, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Blaney, D. L.; Calef, F.; Stack, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Dromart, G.] Univ Lyon, Lab Geol Lyon, Lyon, France. [Dietrich, W. E.; Palucis, M. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Edgett, K. S.] Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA USA. [Fisk, M. R.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR USA. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Grotzinger, J. P.; Siebach, K. L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kah, L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. [McLennan, S. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Newsom, H. E.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Sautter, V.] Museum Natl Hist Nat, IMPMC, F-75231 Paris, France. [Sumner, D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Mangold, N (reprint author), Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, UMR 6112, Nantes, France. EM nicolas.mangold@univ-nantes.fr RI Gasnault, Olivier/F-4327-2010; OI Gasnault, Olivier/0000-0002-6979-9012; Siebach, Kirsten/0000-0002-6628-6297; Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948 FU French space agency, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); Canadian Space Agency (CSA) FX We are grateful to Marjorie Chan and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. Development and operation of the ChemCam instrument was supported in France by funds from the French space agency, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). Support for development and operation in the U.S. was provided by NASA to the Mars Exploration Program and specifically to the MSL team. The APXS is managed and financed by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). Imaging and chemical data presented here are available in the NASA Planetary Data System (PDS) http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/missions/msl. We are grateful to the MSL engineering and management teams (and especially the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA) for making the mission and this scientific investigation possible and to science team members who contributed to mission operations. NR 96 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 353 EP 387 DI 10.1002/2015JE004977 PG 35 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DJ6VY UT WOS:000374352500006 ER PT J AU Fegyveresi, JM Alley, RB Fitzpatrick, JJ Cuffey, KM McConnell, JR Voigt, DE Spencer, MK Stevens, NT AF Fegyveresi, John M. Alley, Richard B. Fitzpatrick, Joan J. Cuffey, Kurt M. McConnell, Joseph R. Voigt, Donald E. Spencer, Matthew K. Stevens, Nathan T. TI Five millennia of surface temperatures and ice core bubble characteristics from the WAIS Divide deep core, West Antarctica SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE ice cores; bubble number density; ice core bubbles; holocene climate; paleoclimate reconstruction; bubble characteristics ID LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; AIR BUBBLES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SHEET SURFACE; MELT LAYERS; SIPLE DOME; POLAR ICE; FIRN; NUMBER; DENSIFICATION AB Bubble number densities from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide deep core in West Antarctica record relatively stable temperatures during the middle Holocene followed by late Holocene cooling. We measured bubble number density, shape, size, and arrangement on new samples of the main WAIS Divide deep core WDC06A from similar to 580m to similar to 1600 depth. The bubble size, shape, and arrangement data confirm that the samples satisfy the requirements for temperature reconstructions. A small correction for cracks formed after core recovery allows extension of earlier work through the brittle ice zone, and a site-specific calibration reduces uncertainties. Using an independently constructed accumulation rate history and a steady state bubble number density model, we determined a temperature reconstruction that agrees closely with other independent estimates, showing a stable middle Holocene, followed by a cooling of similar to 1.25 degrees C in the late Holocene. Over the last similar to 5 millennia, accumulation has been higher during warmer times by similar to 12%degrees C-1, somewhat stronger than for thermodynamic control alone, suggesting dynamic processes. C1 [Fegyveresi, John M.; Alley, Richard B.; Voigt, Donald E.; Stevens, Nathan T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fegyveresi, John M.; Alley, Richard B.; Voigt, Donald E.; Stevens, Nathan T.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fegyveresi, John M.] Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Terr & Cryospher Sci Branch, Hanover, NH USA. [Fitzpatrick, Joan J.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cuffey, Kurt M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McConnell, Joseph R.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Spencer, Matthew K.] Lake Super State Univ, Sch Phys Sci, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada. RP Fegyveresi, JM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Fegyveresi, JM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Fegyveresi, JM (reprint author), Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Terr & Cryospher Sci Branch, Hanover, NH USA. EM john.m.fegyveresi@usace.army.mil FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program; U.S. National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs [0539578, 1043528, 1043313, 0539232, 0537661, 0839093, 1142166] FX We acknowledge the following funding sources for support of this work: U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program, and the U.S. National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs grants 0539578, 1043528, 1043313, 0539232, 0537661, 0839093, and 1142166. We also acknowledge the staff of the U.S. National Ice Core Laboratory in Denver, Colorado, E. Cravens, the WAIS Divide Science Coordination Office at the University of New Hampshire, and the Ice Drilling Design and Operations group at the University of Wisconsin, whose phenomenal success in designing and operating the new Deep Ice Sheet Coring (DISC) drill has reinvigorated U.S. deep ice coring efforts. We thank numerous colleagues in the WAIS Divide project, especially C. Buizert, G. Clow, and E. Steig. We also acknowledge L. Layman, O. Maselli, D. Pasteris, and M. Sigl at the Desert Research Institute of Reno, Nevada, for their assistance with chemical analyses of ice samples. Lastly, we thank our three reviewers, whose thoughtful suggestions and questions served to clarify and improve this manuscript. Data policy: All data presented here are available via download from NSIDC (http://nsidc.org) or from the WAIS Divide data portal (http://waisdivide.unh.edu). NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 31 IS 3 BP 416 EP 433 DI 10.1002/2015PA002851 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA DJ6SU UT WOS:000374344000005 ER PT J AU West, ME Haeussler, PJ Ruppert, NA Freymueller, JT AF West, Michael E. Haeussler, Peter J. Ruppert, Natalia A. Freymueller, Jeffrey T. TI Why the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake Matters 50 Years Later SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [West, Michael E.; Ruppert, Natalia A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Earthquake Ctr, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Haeussler, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Freymueller, Jeffrey T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Freymueller, Jeffrey T.] Alaska Dept Nat Resources, Alaska Seism Hazards Safety Commiss, Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, 3354 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP West, ME; Ruppert, NA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Earthquake Ctr, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Haeussler, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.; Freymueller, JT (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Freymueller, JT (reprint author), Alaska Dept Nat Resources, Alaska Seism Hazards Safety Commiss, Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, 3354 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM mewest@alaska.edu; pheuslr@usgs.gov; natasha@giseis.alaska.edu; jeff.freymueller@gi.alaska.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 87 IS 2 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1785/0220140020 PN A PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK6PK UT WOS:000375046300001 ER PT J AU Field, EH Jordan, TH Jones, LM Michael, AJ Blanpied, ML AF Field, Edward H. Jordan, Thomas H. Jones, Lucile M. Michael, Andrew J. Blanpied, Michael L. CA Workshop Participants TI The Potential Uses of Operational Earthquake Forecasting SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RUPTURE FORECAST; DECISION-MAKING; CALIFORNIA; PROBABILITIES; PREPAREDNESS; NUMERACY; WARNINGS; HAZARD; UCERF3 AB This article reports on a workshop held to explore the potential uses of operational earthquake forecasting (OEF). We discuss the current status of OEF in the United States and elsewhere, the types of products that could be generated, the various potential users and uses of OEF, and the need for carefully crafted communication protocols. Although operationalization challenges remain, there was clear consensus among the stakeholders at the workshop that OEF could be useful. C1 [Field, Edward H.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Jordan, Thomas H.] Univ So Calif, Southern Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Jones, Lucile M.] US Geol Survey, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Michael, Andrew J.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Blanpied, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 905, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Field, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA.; Jordan, TH (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Southern Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.; Jones, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Michael, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.; Blanpied, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 905, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM field@usgs.gov; tjordan@usc.edu; jones@usgs.gov; michael@usgs.gov; mblanpied@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); USGS Science Application for Risk Reduction program (SAFRR) FX The meeting to address potential uses of OEF was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis (https://powellcenter.usgs.gov; last accessed April 2015), the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC; http://www.scec.org; last accessed April 2015), and the USGS Science Application for Risk Reduction program (SAFRR; http://www.usgs.gov/natural_hazards/safrr; last accessed April 2015). Useful comments were also provided by Kate Long of the California Emergency Management Agency, who was unable to attend the conference. Finally, we thank Sue Perry, John Vidale, and an anonymous Seismological Review Letters reviewer for their extensive and influential comments. This is SCEC Contribution Number 6029. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 87 IS 2 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1785/0220150174 PN A PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK6PK UT WOS:000375046300008 ER PT J AU Gilmore, TE Genereux, DP Solomon, DK Solder, JE Kimball, BA Mitasova, H Birgand, F AF Gilmore, Troy E. Genereux, David P. Solomon, D. Kip Solder, John E. Kimball, Briant A. Mitasova, Helena Birgand, Francois TI Quantifying the fate of agricultural nitrogen in an unconfined aquifer: Stream-based observations at three measurement scales SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE unconfined aquifer; nonpoint source nitrogen; groundwater contamination; coastal plain; denitrification; hyphoreic zone ID GROUND-WATER; SURFACE-WATER; HYPORHEIC ZONE; COASTAL-PLAIN; MASS-BALANCE; 1ST-ORDER STREAM; RESIDENCE TIMES; SEEPAGE METERS; NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES AB We compared three stream-based sampling methods to study the fate of nitrate in groundwater in a coastal plain watershed: point measurements beneath the streambed, seepage blankets (novel seepage-meter design), and reach mass-balance. The methods gave similar mean groundwater seepage rates into the stream (0.3-0.6 m/d) during two 3-4 day field campaigns despite an order of magnitude difference in stream discharge between the campaigns. At low flow, estimates of flow-weighted mean nitrate concentrations in groundwater discharge ([NO3-](FWM)) and nitrate flux from groundwater to the stream decreased with increasing degree of channel influence and measurement scale, i.e., [NO3-](FWM) was 654, 561, and 451 mu M for point, blanket, and reach mass-balance sampling, respectively. At high flow the trend was reversed, likely because reach mass-balance captured inputs from shallow transient high-nitrate flow paths while point and blanket measurements did not. Point sampling may be better suited to estimating aquifer discharge of nitrate, while reach mass-balance reflects full nitrate inputs into the channel (which at high flow may be more than aquifer discharge due to transient flow paths, and at low flow may be less than aquifer discharge due to channel-based nitrate removal). Modeling dissolved N-2 from streambed samples suggested (1) about half of groundwater nitrate was denitrified prior to discharge from the aquifer, and (2) both extent of denitrification and initial nitrate concentration in groundwater (700-1300 mu M) were related to land use, suggesting these forms of streambed sampling for groundwater can reveal watershed spatial relations relevant to nitrate contamination and fate in the aquifer. C1 [Gilmore, Troy E.; Birgand, Francois] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gilmore, Troy E.; Genereux, David P.; Mitasova, Helena] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gilmore, Troy E.] Univ Nebraska, Conservat & Survey Div, Lincoln, NE USA. [Gilmore, Troy E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. [Solomon, D. Kip; Solder, John E.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Solder, John E.; Kimball, Briant A.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Gilmore, TE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.; Gilmore, TE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.; Gilmore, TE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Conservat & Survey Div, Lincoln, NE USA.; Gilmore, TE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. EM gilmore@unl.edu RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016; OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124; Solder, John/0000-0002-0660-3326; Mitasova, Helena/0000-0002-6906-3398 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1045162, EAR-1045134] FX Data used for tables and figures are available from the corresponding author upon request. This project was funded by National Science Foundation under Awards EAR-1045162 to North Carolina State University and EAR-1045134 to the University of Utah. The authors gratefully acknowledge assistance with field work: Matt Burnette and Scott Becker (both NC State) in July 2012 and March 2013, and Kyle Aveni-Deforge (NC State), Casey Kennedy (USDA-ARS), Matt Webb (Arcadis U.S.), and Vic Heilweil and James Marlowe (USGS) in March 2013. NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1961 EP 1983 DI 10.1002/2015WR017599 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DK1WR UT WOS:000374706300023 ER PT J AU Gilmore, TE Genereux, DP Solomon, DK Solder, JE AF Gilmore, Troy E. Genereux, David P. Solomon, D. Kip Solder, John E. TI Groundwater transit time distribution and mean from streambed sampling in an agricultural coastal plain watershed, North Carolina, USA SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE groundwater transit time distribution; gamma distribution; groundwater mean transit time; seepage meter; unconfined aquifer; groundwater age ID SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; UNCONFINED AQUIFER; HYDROLOGIC TRACERS; YOUNG GROUNDWATER; RESIDENCE TIMES; UNITED-STATES; TRITIUM AB We measured groundwater apparent age () and seepage rate (v) in a sandy streambed using point-scale sampling and seepage blankets (a novel seepage meter). We found very similar MTT estimates from streambed point sampling in a 58 m reach (29 years) and a 2.5 km reach (31 years). The TTD for groundwater discharging to the stream was best fit by a gamma distribution model and was very similar for streambed point sampling in both reaches. Between adjacent point-scale and seepage blanket samples, water from the seepage blankets was generally younger, largely because blanket samples contained a fraction of young stream water. Correcting blanket data for the stream water fraction brought estimates for most blanket samples closer to those for adjacent point samples. The MTT estimates from corrected blanket data were in good agreement with those from sampling streambed points adjacent to the blankets. Collectively, agreement among age-dating tracers, general accord between tracer data and piston-flow model curves, and large groundwater age gradients in the streambed, suggested that the piston flow apparent ages were reasonable estimates of the groundwater transit times for most samples. Overall, our results from two field campaigns suggest that groundwater collected in the streambed can provide reasonable estimates of apparent age of groundwater discharge, and that MTT can be determined from different age-dating tracers and by sampling with different groundwater collection devices. Coupled streambed point measurements of groundwater age and groundwater seepage rate represent a novel, reproducible, and effective approach to estimating aquifer TTD and MTT. C1 [Gilmore, Troy E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gilmore, Troy E.] Univ Nebraska, Conservat & Survey Div, Lincoln, NE USA. [Gilmore, Troy E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. [Gilmore, Troy E.; Genereux, David P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Solomon, D. Kip; Solder, John E.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Solder, John E.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Gilmore, TE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.; Gilmore, TE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Conservat & Survey Div, Lincoln, NE USA.; Gilmore, TE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. EM gilmore@unl.edu RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016; OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124; Solder, John/0000-0002-0660-3326 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1045162, EAR-1045134] FX Data used for tables and figures are available from the corresponding author upon request. This project was funded by National Science Foundation under awards EAR-1045162 to North Carolina State University and EAR-1045134 to the University of Utah. The authors gratefully acknowledge assistance with field work: Matt Burnette and Scott Becker (both NC State) and Briant Kimball (USGS, retired) in July 2012 and March 2013 and Casey Kennedy (USDA-ARS) and Matt Webb (Arcadis U.S.) in March 2013. We also gratefully acknowledge the anonymous reviewers who contributed significantly to the quality of the manuscript NR 75 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 52 IS 3 BP 2025 EP 2044 DI 10.1002/2015WR017600 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DK1WR UT WOS:000374706300026 ER PT J AU Constantz, J Naranjo, R Niswonger, R Allander, K Neilson, B Rosenberry, D Smith, D Rosecrans, C Stonestrom, D AF Constantz, J. Naranjo, R. Niswonger, R. Allander, K. Neilson, B. Rosenberry, D. Smith, D. Rosecrans, C. Stonestrom, D. TI Groundwater exchanges near a channelized versus unmodified stream mouth discharging to a subalpine lake SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stream mouth; shoreline; wave action; thermal tracing ID RIFFLE-POOL SEQUENCE; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; WATER DISCHARGE; IN-STREAM; TEMPERATURE; SEEPAGE; BEACH; INFILTRATION; VARIABILITY; SYSTEM AB The terminus of a stream flowing into a larger river, pond, lake, or reservoir is referred to as the stream-mouth reach or simply the stream mouth. The terminus is often characterized by rapidly changing thermal and hydraulic conditions that result in abrupt shifts in surface water/groundwater (sw/gw) exchange patterns, creating the potential for unique biogeochemical processes and ecosystems. Worldwide shoreline development is changing stream-lake interfaces through channelization of stream mouths, i.e., channel straightening and bank stabilization to prevent natural meandering at the shoreline. In the central Sierra Nevada (USA), Lake Tahoe's shoreline has an abundance of both unmodified (i.e., not engineered though potentially impacted by broader watershed engineering) and channelized stream mouths. Two representative stream mouths along the lake's north shore, one channelized and one unmodified, were selected to compare and contrast water and heat exchanges. Hydraulic and thermal properties were monitored during separate campaigns in September 2012 and 2013 and sw/gw exchanges were estimated within the stream mouth-shoreline continuum. Heat-flow and water-flow patterns indicated clear differences in the channelized versus the unmodified stream mouth. For the channelized stream mouth, relatively modulated, cool-temperature, low-velocity longitudinal streambed flows discharged offshore beneath warmer buoyant lakeshore water. In contrast, a seasonal barrier bar formed across the unmodified stream mouth, creating higher-velocity subsurface flow paths and higher diurnal temperature variations relative to shoreline water. As a consequence, channelization altered sw/gw exchanges potentially altering biogeochemical processing and ecological systems in and near the stream mouth. C1 [Constantz, J.; Stonestrom, D.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Naranjo, R.; Niswonger, R.; Allander, K.; Smith, D.] US Geol Survey, Ramon Naranjo, Carson, NE USA. [Neilson, B.] Utah State Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Rosenberry, D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA. [Rosecrans, C.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Constantz, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jconstan@usgs.gov OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 FU USGS Nevada and California Water Science Centers; USGS National Research Program; USGS Office of Groundwater; Utah State University; Utah Water Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank both WRR Editors and three anonymous reviewers. USGS Nevada and California Water Science Centers, USGS National Research Program, USGS Office of Groundwater, Utah State University, and Utah Water Research Laboratory all provided financial and administrative support during FY12 and FY13. Referenced data and visualizations are available via e-mail from jconstan@usgs.gov. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 52 IS 3 BP 2157 EP 2177 DI 10.1002/2015WR017013 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DK1WR UT WOS:000374706300033 ER PT J AU Crimmins, SM McKann, PC Robb, JR Lewis, JP Vanosdol, T Walker, BA Williams, PJ Thogmartin, WE AF Crimmins, Shawn M. McKann, Patrick C. Robb, Joseph R. Lewis, Jason P. Vanosdol, Teresa Walker, Benjamin A. Williams, Perry J. Thogmartin, Wayne E. TI FACTORS AFFECTING NEST SURVIVAL OF HENSLOW'S SPARROWS (AMMODRAMUS HENSLOWII) IN SOUTHERN INDIANA SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amnzodramus henslowii; fire; grassland habitat; Henslow's Sparrow; logistic exposure; nest survival; shared frailty ID HABITAT SELECTION; GRASSLAND BIRDS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SUCCESS; ILLINOIS; FIRE; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; INFORMATION; VEGETATION AB Populations of Henslow's Sparrows have declined dramatically in recent decades, coinciding with widespread loss of native grassland habitat. Prescribed burning is a primary tool for maintaining grassland patches, but its effects on nest survival of Henslow's Sparrows remains largely unknown, especially in conjunction with other factors. We monitored 135 nests of Henslow's Sparrows at Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge in southern Indiana from 1998-2001 in an effort to understand factors influencing nest survival, including prescribed burning of habitat. We used a mixed-effects implementation of the logistic exposure model to predict daily nest survival in an information theoretic framework. We found that daily survival declined near the onset of hatching and increased with the height of standing dead vegetation, although this relationship was weak. We found only nominal support to suggest that time since burn influenced nest survival. Overall, nest age was the most important factor in-estimating daily nest survival rates. Our daily survival estimate from our marginal model (0.937) was similar to that derived from the Mayfield method (0.944) suggesting that our results are comparable to previous studies using the Mayfield approach. Our results indicate that frequent burning to limit woody encroachment into grassland habitats might benefit Henslow's Sparrow, but that a variety of factors ultimately influence daily nest survival. However, we note that burning too frequently can also limit occupancy by Henslow's Sparrows. We suggest that additional research is needed to determine the population-level consequences of habitat alteration and if other extrinsic factors influence demographics of Henslow's Sparrows. C1 [Crimmins, Shawn M.; McKann, Patrick C.; Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Robb, Joseph R.; Lewis, Jason P.; Vanosdol, Teresa; Walker, Benjamin A.; Williams, Perry J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Big Oaks Natl Wildlife Refuge, Madison, IN 47250 USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 FU U.S. Army and Indiana Department of Natural Resources Division of Fish and Wildlife; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank S. A. Miller and B. Winters for help in the study logistics and field work. We also are thankful for the fieldwork of L. Lake, K. Roth, P. Roby, A. Finfera, S. Sauerland, M. Albright, N. Candelora, T. Gross, E. Suttles, T. Hinkleman, A. Duff, and M. Chaveas. We appreciate the additional assistance and support of A. Fields, K. Knouf, Y. Hayes, L. Gordan, M. Sweeney, K. Brinson. K. Smith, T. Will, and S. Lewis. This manuscript was improved substantially with comments from B. R. Gray, J. Waide, M. Gaikowski, E. Brouwers, and two anonymous reviewers. This project received funding support from the U.S. Army and Indiana Department of Natural Resources Division of Fish and Wildlife, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 3), and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names are for descriptive purposes only and do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The views expressed in this article are the authors' own and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 128 IS 1 BP 108 EP 119 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DK9HR UT WOS:000375242000010 ER PT J AU Olsen, JB Lewis, CJ Massengill, RL Dunker, KJ Wenburg, JK AF Olsen, Jeffrey B. Lewis, Cara J. Massengill, Robert L. Dunker, Kristine J. Wenburg, John K. TI An evaluation of target specificity and sensitivity of three qPCR assay for detecting environmental DNA from Northern Pike (Esox lucius) (vol 7, pg 615, 2015) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Correction C1 [Olsen, Jeffrey B.; Lewis, Cara J.; Wenburg, John K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, 1011 East Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Massengill, Robert L.; Dunker, Kristine J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Sport Fish, 43961 Kalifornsky Beach Rd,Suite B, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. RP Olsen, JB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, 1011 East Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jeffrey_olsen@fws.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 89 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s12686-016-0526-y PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA DJ6IR UT WOS:000374315600012 ER PT J AU Allen, ST Krauss, KW Cochran, JW King, SL Keim, RF AF Allen, Scott T. Krauss, Ken W. Cochran, J. Wesley King, Sammy L. Keim, Richard F. TI Wetland tree transpiration modified by river-floodplain connectivity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE sap flow; phenology; wetland; subsidy-stress; bottomland Hardwood Forest; plant-water relations ID BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FOREST; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SAP FLUX-DENSITY; COASTAL-PLAIN; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ALLUVIAL VALLEY; SOUTH-CAROLINA; WATER STATUS; GROWTH; FLOW AB Hydrologic connectivity provisions water and nutrient subsidies to floodplain wetlands and may be particularly important in floodplains with seasonal water deficits through its effects on soil moisture. In this study, we measured sapflow in 26 trees of two dominant floodplain forest species (Celtis laevigata and Quercus lyrata) at two hydrologically distinct sites in the lower White River floodplain in Arkansas, USA. Our objective was to investigate how connectivity-driven water table variations affected water use, an indicator of tree function. Meteorological variables (photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit) were the dominant controls over water use at both sites; however, water table variations explained some site differences. At the wetter site, highest sapflow rates were during a late-season overbank flooding event, and no flood stress was apparent. At the drier site, sapflow decreased as the water table receded. The late-season flood pulse that resulted in flooding at the wetter site did not affect the water table at the drier site; accordingly, higher water use was not observed at the drier site. The species generally associated with wetter conditions (Q. lyrata) was more positively responsive to the flood pulse. Flood water subsidy lengthened the effective growing season, demonstrating ecological implications of hydrologic connectivity for alleviating water deficits that otherwise reduce function in this humid floodplain wetland. C1 [Allen, Scott T.; Cochran, J. Wesley; Keim, Richard F.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Allen, Scott T.; Cochran, J. Wesley; Keim, Richard F.] A&M Coll, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Krauss, Ken W.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. [King, Sammy L.] US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Allen, ST (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.; Allen, ST (reprint author), A&M Coll, Baton Rouge, LA USA. EM scottallen1@gmail.com FU Lucius W. Gilbert Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey Environments Program; National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture [LAB94181] FX Funding was provided by the Lucius W. Gilbert Foundation fellowship, the U.S. Geological Survey Environments Program, and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award LAB94181. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of funding agencies. We thank A. Christoper Oishi and two anonymous reviewers for reviews. We also thank Arkansas Natural Heritage and the Dale Bumpers White River National Wildlife Refuge staff for support of this project and Brandon L. Edwards, Erin L. Johnson, Whitney A. Kroschel, Mary Grace T. Lemon, Michael Baker, and Nicole Cormier for field assistance. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Data are available upon request by contacting the corresponding author (Scott T. Allen, salle48@lsu.edu). NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 753 EP 766 DI 10.1002/2015JG003208 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DJ6TD UT WOS:000374345000009 ER PT J AU Anderson, FE Bergamaschi, B Sturtevant, C Knox, S Hastings, L Windham-Myers, L Detto, M Hestir, EL Drexler, J Miller, RL Matthes, JH Verfaillie, J Baldocchi, D Snyder, RL Fujii, R AF Anderson, Frank E. Bergamaschi, Brian Sturtevant, Cove Knox, Sara Hastings, Lauren Windham-Myers, Lisamarie Detto, Matteo Hestir, Erin L. Drexler, Judith Miller, Robin L. Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala Verfaillie, Joseph Baldocchi, Dennis Snyder, Richard L. Fujii, Roger TI Variation of energy and carbon fluxes from a restored temperate freshwater wetland and implications for carbon market verification protocols SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE wetlands; eddy covariance; carbon dioxide; methane; carbon market; global warming potential ID SAN-JOAQUIN DELTA; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; PATH GAS ANALYZERS; METHANE EMISSION; EDDY COVARIANCE; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; CO2 FLUX; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; PEATLAND RESTORATION; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AB Temperate freshwater wetlands are among the most productive terrestrial ecosystems, stimulating interest in using restored wetlands as biological carbon sequestration projects for greenhouse gas reduction programs. In this study, we used the eddy covariance technique to measure surface energy carbon fluxes from a constructed, impounded freshwater wetland during two annual periods that were 8years apart: 2002-2003 and 2010-2011. During 2010-2011, we measured methane (CH4) fluxes to quantify the annual atmospheric carbon mass balance and its concomitant influence on global warming potential (GWP). Peak growing season fluxes of latent heat and carbon dioxide (CO2) were greater in 2002-2003 compared to 2010-2011. In 2002, the daily net ecosystem exchange reached as low as -10.6gCm(-2)d(-1), which was greater than 3 times the magnitude observed in 2010 (-2.9gCm(-2)d(-1)). CH4 fluxes during 2010-2011 were positive throughout the year and followed a strong seasonal pattern, ranging from 38.1mgCm(-2)d(-1) in the winter to 375.9mgCm(-2)d(-1) during the summer. The results of this study suggest that the wetland had reduced gross ecosystem productivity in 2010-2011, likely due to the increase in dead plant biomass (standing litter) that inhibited the generation of new vegetation growth. In 2010-2011, there was a net positive GWP (675.3gCm(-2)yr(-1)), and when these values are evaluated as a sustained flux, the wetland will not reach radiative balance even after 500years. C1 [Anderson, Frank E.; Bergamaschi, Brian; Drexler, Judith; Miller, Robin L.; Fujii, Roger] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Sturtevant, Cove; Knox, Sara; Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala; Verfaillie, Joseph; Baldocchi, Dennis] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hastings, Lauren] Delta Stewardship Council, Sacramento, CA USA. [Windham-Myers, Lisamarie] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Detto, Matteo] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Hestir, Erin L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Snyder, Richard L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Anderson, FE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. EM fanders@usgs.gov RI Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; OI Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Matthes, Jaclyn/0000-0001-8999-8062; Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Sturtevant, Cove/0000-0002-0341-3228 FU United States Geological Survey (USGS) Land Carbon Program; California's Department of Water Resources (DWR) Levee Program; USGS Cooperative Water Program FX Flux data from the restored wetland on Twitchell Island can be made available upon request. In the near future, we plan to make the data accessible through Ameriflux program (http://ameriflux.ornl.gov). This research was supported by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Land Carbon Program, California's Department of Water Resources (DWR) Levee Program, and the USGS Cooperative Water Program. We specifically thank Curt Schmutte who helped conceive this wetland experiment. We are grateful for the independent USGS peer reviewers (Barclay Shoemaker) and anonymous journal reviewers for their valuable comments and edits. We would also like to recognize and thank John Franco Saraceno for his insightful discussions about uncertainty analysis and Matlab programing, as well as the many other scientists who have supported and advanced the science of this restored freshwater wetland over the past two decades. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 18 U2 43 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 777 EP 795 DI 10.1002/2015JG003083 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DJ6TD UT WOS:000374345000011 ER PT J AU Fegel, TS Baron, JS Fountain, AG Johnson, GF Hall, EK AF Fegel, Timothy S. Baron, Jill S. Fountain, Andrew G. Johnson, Gunnar F. Hall, Ed K. TI The differing biogeochemical and microbial signatures of glaciers and rock glaciers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE glacier; biogeochemistry; glacier microbiome; eems; global change ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; ALPINE GLACIERS; 20-1ST CENTURY; SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; FED STREAMS; NITROGEN; DEPOSITION AB Glaciers and rock glaciers supply water and bioavailable nutrients to headwater mountain lakes and streams across all regions of the American West. Here we present a comparative study of the metal, nutrient, and microbial characteristics of glacial and rock glacial influence on headwater ecosystems in three mountain ranges of the contiguous U.S.: the Cascade Mountains, Rocky Mountains, and Sierra Nevada. Several meltwater characteristics (water temperature, conductivity, pH, metals, nutrients, complexity of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and bacterial richness and diversity) differed significantly between glacier and rock glacier meltwaters, while other characteristics (Ca2+, Fe3+, SiO2 concentrations, reactive nitrogen, and microbial processing of DOM) showed distinct trends between mountain ranges regardless of meltwater source. Some characteristics were affected both by glacier type and mountain range (e.g., temperature, ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) concentrations, and bacterial diversity). Due to the ubiquity of rock glaciers and the accelerating loss of the low-latitude glaciers, our results point to the important and changing influence that these frozen features place on headwater ecosystems. C1 [Fegel, Timothy S.; Baron, Jill S.; Hall, Ed K.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Baron, Jill S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Fountain, Andrew G.; Johnson, Gunnar F.] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Fegel, TS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Tim.Fegel@colostate.edu FU United States Geological Survey FX The authors would like to thank Daniel Bowker, Hassan Basagic, Will Creed, Bella Oleksy, Shelly Spear, and Jessica Stanley for all of their help in the field, as well as Guy Beresford for his help with the microbial analyses. This project is a product of the Western Mountain Initiative (WMI) and is funded by the United States Geological Survey. The Johnson and Fountain Rock Glacier Inventory is available upon request (gfj@pdx.edu). All data are available to the public and reside with Loch Vale Watershed long-term ecological research and monitoring program database at http://www.nrel.colostate.edu/projects/lvws/data.html. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 919 EP 932 DI 10.1002/2015JG003236 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DJ6TD UT WOS:000374345000021 ER PT J AU Rengers, FK Tucker, GE Moody, JA Ebel, BA AF Rengers, F. K. Tucker, G. E. Moody, J. A. Ebel, B. A. TI Illuminating wildfire erosion and deposition patterns with repeat terrestrial lidar SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE wildfire; erosion; lidar ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; WATER REPELLENCY; GEOMORPHIC RESPONSE; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE; SOIL-EROSION; DEBRIS FLOWS; WESTERN USA; GRAVEL-BED; FOREST AB Erosion following a wildfire is much greater than background erosion in forests because of wildfire-induced changes to soil erodibility and water infiltration. While many previous studies have documented post-wildfire erosion with point and small plot-scale measurements, the spatial distribution of post-fire erosion patterns at the watershed scale remains largely unexplored. In this study lidar surveys were collected periodically in a small, first-order drainage basin over a period of 2years following a wildfire. The study site was relatively steep with slopes ranging from 17 degrees to > 30 degrees. During the study period, several different types of rain storms occurred on the site including low-intensity frontal storms (2.4mmh(-1)) and high-intensity convective thunderstorms (79mmh(-1)). These storms were the dominant drivers of erosion. Erosion resulting from dry ravel and debris flows was notably absent at the site. Successive lidar surveys were subtracted from one another to obtain digital maps of topographic change between surveys. The results show an evolution in geomorphic response, such that the erosional response after rain storms was strongly influenced by the previous erosional events and pre-fire site morphology. Hillslope and channel roughness increased over time, and the watershed armored as coarse cobbles and boulders were exposed. The erosional response was spatially nonuniform; shallow erosion from hillslopes (87% of the study area) contributed 3 times more sediment volume than erosion from convergent areas (13% of the study area). However, the total normalized erosion depth (volume/area) was highest in convergent areas. From a detailed understanding of the spatial locations of erosion, we made inferences regarding the processes driving erosion. It appears that hillslope erosion is controlled by rain splash (for detachment) and overland flow (for transport and quasi-channelized erosion), with the sites of highest erosion corresponding to locations with the lowest roughness. By contrast, in convergent areas we found erosion caused by overland flow. Soil erosion was locally interrupted by immobile objects such as boulders, bedrock, or tree trunks, resulting in a patchy erosion network with increasing roughness over time. C1 [Rengers, F. K.; Tucker, G. E.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rengers, F. K.; Tucker, G. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rengers, F. K.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Moody, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. [Ebel, B. A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO USA. RP Rengers, FK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Rengers, FK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Rengers, FK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. EM frengers@usgs.gov OI Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0952247, EAR-1323137] FX This study was supported by the National Science Foundation (grants EAR-0952247 and EAR-1323137 to G.T.). We are grateful for lidar equipment and support from David Phillips and UNAVCO staff, lidar processing advice and software from Steve DeLong and Joe Wheaton. The lidar data can be accessed at www.unavco.org. We would like to thank Dimitri Lague, Steve DeLong, Dennis Staley, Jon Pelletier, John Buffington, and an anonymous reviewer whose comments greatly improved this paper. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 588 EP 608 DI 10.1002/2015JF003600 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DJ6TL UT WOS:000374345900004 ER PT J AU Brodaric, B Booth, N Boisvert, E Lucido, J AF Brodaric, Boyan Booth, Nate Boisvert, Eric Lucido, Jessica TI Groundwater data network interoperability SO JOURNAL OF HYDROINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE data network; groundwater; groundwater level; interoperability; time series; water well ID SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURES; MARKUP LANGUAGE AB Water data networks are increasingly being integrated to answer complex scientific questions that often span large geographical areas and cross political borders. Data heterogeneity is a major obstacle that impedes interoperability within and between such networks. It is resolved here for groundwater data at five levels of interoperability, within a Spatial Data Infrastructure architecture. The result is a pair of distinct national groundwater data networks for the United States and Canada, and a combined data network in which they are interoperable. This combined data network enables, for the first time, transparent public access to harmonized groundwater data from both sides of the shared international border. C1 [Brodaric, Boyan] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Booth, Nate] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Boisvert, Eric] Geol Survey Canada, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Lucido, Jessica] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. RP Brodaric, B (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. EM brodaric@nrcan.gc.ca NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1464-7141 EI 1465-1734 J9 J HYDROINFORM JI J. Hydroinform. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 18 IS 2 BP 210 EP 225 DI 10.2166/hydro.2015.242 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DJ6JJ UT WOS:000374317600006 ER PT J AU Carver, S Bevins, SN Lappin, MR Boydston, EE Lyren, LM Alldredge, M Logan, KA Sweanor, LL Riley, SPD Serieys, LEK Fisher, RN Vickers, TW Boyce, W McBride, R Cunningham, MC Jennings, M Lewis, J Lunn, T Crooks, KR VandeWoude, S AF Carver, Scott Bevins, Sarah N. Lappin, Michael R. Boydston, Erin E. Lyren, Lisa M. Alldredge, Mathew Logan, Kenneth A. Sweanor, Linda L. Riley, Seth P. D. Serieys, Laurel E. K. Fisher, Robert N. Vickers, T. Winston Boyce, Walter McBride, Roy Cunningham, Mark C. Jennings, Megan Lewis, Jesse Lunn, Tamika Crooks, Kevin R. VandeWoude, Sue TI Pathogen exposure varies widely among sympatric populations of wild and domestic felids across the United States SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bartonella sp.; bobcat (Lynx rufus); cross-species transmission; disease exposure; domestic cat (Felis catus); feline calicivirus; feline herpesvirus-1; feline immunodeficiency virus; feline panleukopenea virus; puma (Puma concolor); Toxoplasma gondii; urbanization ID BOBCATS LYNX-RUFUS; PARASITE SPECIES RICHNESS; LIONS PUMA-CONCOLOR; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; LENTIVIRAL INFECTION; DISEASE PREVALENCE; HOST-SPECIFICITY; NATIONAL-PARK AB Understanding how landscape, host, and pathogen traits contribute to disease exposure requires systematic evaluations of pathogens within and among host species and geographic regions. The relative importance of these attributes is critical for management of wildlife and mitigating domestic animal and human disease, particularly given rapid ecological changes, such as urbanization. We screened >1000 samples from sympatric populations of puma (Puma concolor), bobcat (Lynx rufus), and domestic cat (Felis catus) across urban gradients in six sites, representing three regions, in North America for exposure to a representative suite of bacterial, protozoal, and viral pathogens (Bartonella sp., Toxoplasma gondii, feline herpesvirus-1, feline panleukopenea virus, feline calicivirus, and feline immunodeficiency virus). We evaluated prevalence within each species, and examined host trait and land cover determinants of exposure; providing an unprecedented analysis of factors relating to potential for infections in domesticated and wild felids. Prevalence differed among host species (highest for puma and lowest for domestic cat) and was greater for indirectly transmitted pathogens. Sex was inconsistently predictive of exposure to directly transmitted pathogens only, and age infrequently predictive of both direct and indirectly transmitted pathogens. Determinants of pathogen exposure were widely divergent between the wild felid species. For puma, suburban land use predicted increased exposure to Bartonella sp. in southern California, and FHV-1 exposure increased near urban edges in Florida. This may suggest interspecific transmission with domestic cats via flea vectors (California) and direct contact (Florida) around urban boundaries. Bobcats captured near urban areas had increased exposure to T. gondii in Florida, suggesting an urban source of prey. Bobcats captured near urban areas in Colorado and Florida had higher FIV exposure, possibly suggesting increased intraspecific interactions through pile-up of home ranges. Beyond these regional and pathogen specific relationships, proximity to the wildland-urban interface did not generally increase the probability of disease exposure in wild or domestic felids, emphasizing the importance of local ecological determinants. Indeed, pathogen exposure was often negatively associated with the wildland-urban interface for all felids. Our analyses suggest cross-species pathogen transmission events around this interface may be infrequent, but followed by self-sustaining propagation within the new host species. C1 [Carver, Scott; VandeWoude, Sue] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Carver, Scott; Lunn, Tamika] Univ Tasmania, Sch Biol Sci, Hobart, Tas 7005, Australia. [Bevins, Sarah N.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Lappin, Michael R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Boydston, Erin E.; Lyren, Lisa M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. [Alldredge, Mathew] Colorado Pk & Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Logan, Kenneth A.; Sweanor, Linda L.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife Serv, Montrose, CO 81410 USA. [Riley, Seth P. D.] Natl Pk Serv, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. [Serieys, Laurel E. K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Vickers, T. Winston; Boyce, Walter] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McBride, Roy] Ranchers Supply, Ochopee, FL 34141 USA. [Cunningham, Mark C.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Jennings, Megan] San Diego State Univ, Inst Ecol Monitoring & Management, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Lewis, Jesse; Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Carver, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Carver, S (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Sch Biol Sci, Hobart, Tas 7005, Australia. EM scott.carver@utas.edu.au FU National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease Research Program (NSF) [EF-0723676, 1413925]; University of Tasmania; Colorado Parks and Wildlife; U.S. Geological Survey; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; National Park Service; California Department of Fish and Wildlife; California State Parks; Nature Conservancy; Anza Borrego Foundation FX This study was supported by the National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease Research Program (NSF EF-0723676 and 1413925), and writing of the manuscript was facilitated by a University of Tasmania Visiting Scholarship to Sue VandeWoude. We thank K. Lafferty and two anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions that helped improve this paper. Multiple humane societies and animal care centers helped with domestic cat samples, including the Montrose Animal Shelter, Ventura County Animal Shelter, Corona Animal Shelter, Escondido Animal Shelter, Pinegate Veterinary Center, Feral Cat Coalition, Boulder Humane Society, and Second Chance Humane Society. We acknowledge A. Griffith, M. Brewer, J. Hawley, A. Morris, V. Scorza, J. Bauer, E. York, M. Ehlbroch, M. Puzzo, G. Lee, and B. Millsap for assistance with sample collection and processing. We also thank Colorado Parks and Wildlife, U.S. Geological Survey, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, National Park Service, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, California State Parks, The Nature Conservancy, and The Anza Borrego Foundation for their collaboration and/or financial support for puma and bobcat capture and sampling. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply an endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 89 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 18 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 26 IS 2 BP 367 EP 381 DI 10.1890/15-0445.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DJ3PU UT WOS:000374118700004 PM 27209780 ER PT J AU Meinertz, JR Schreier, TM Porcher, ST Smerud, JR AF Meinertz, Jeffery R. Schreier, Theresa M. Porcher, Scott T. Smerud, Justin R. TI Evaluation of a Method for Quantifying Eugenol Concentrations in the Fillet Tissue from Freshwater Fish Species SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB AQUI-S 20E (R) (active ingredient, eugenol; AQUI-S New Zealand Ltd, Lower Hutt, New Zealand) is being pursued for approval as an immediate-release sedative in the United States. A validated method to quantify the primary residue (the marker residue) in fillet tissue from AQUI-S 20E-exposed fish was needed. A method was evaluated for determining concentrations of the AQUI-S 20E marker residue, eugenol, in freshwater fish fillet tissue. Method accuracies from fillet tissue fortified at nominal concentrations of 0.15, 1, and 60 mu g/g from six fish species ranged from 88-102%. Within-day and between-day method precisions (% CV) from the fortified tissue were <= 8.4% CV. There were no coextracted compounds from the control fillet tissue of seven fish species that interfered with eugenol analyses. Six compounds used as aquaculture drugs did not interfere with eugenol analyses. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 0.012 mu g/g. The method was robust, i.e., in most cases, minor changes to the method did not impact method performance. Eugenol was stable in acetonitrile water (3 + 7, v/v) for at least 14 days, in fillet tissue extracts for 4 days, and in fillet tissue stored at similar to-80 degrees C for at least 84 days. C1 [Meinertz, Jeffery R.; Schreier, Theresa M.; Porcher, Scott T.; Smerud, Justin R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Meinertz, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jmeinertz@usgs.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Geological Survey [W66QKZ12217964] FX The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers funded the work through an interagency agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey (Military Interdepartmental Purchase Request number W66QKZ12217964). NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 99 IS 2 BP 558 EP 564 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.15-0161 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA DJ4UN UT WOS:000374203700030 PM 27010409 ER PT J AU Lyons, JE Kendall, WL Royle, JA Converse, SJ Andres, BA Buchanan, JB AF Lyons, James E. Kendall, William L. Royle, J. Andrew Converse, Sarah J. Andres, Brad A. Buchanan, Joseph B. TI Population Size and Stopover Duration Estimation Using Mark-Resight Data and Bayesian Analysis of a Superpopulation Model SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Capture-recapture; Data augmentation; Jolly-Seber; Mark-resight; Migration; State-space model ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; ROBUST DESIGN; NUMBER; BIRDS AB We present a novel formulation of a mark-recapture-resight model that allows estimation of population size, stopover duration, and arrival and departure schedules at migration areas. Estimation is based on encounter histories of uniquely marked individuals and relative counts of marked and unmarked animals. We use a Bayesian analysis of a state-space formulation of the Jolly-Seber mark-recapture model, integrated with a binomial model for counts of unmarked animals, to derive estimates of population size and arrival and departure probabilities. We also provide a novel estimator for stopover duration that is derived from the latent state variable representing the interim between arrival and departure in the state-space model. We conduct a simulation study of field sampling protocols to understand the impact of superpopulation size, proportion marked, and number of animals sampled on bias and precision of estimates. Simulation results indicate that relative bias of estimates of the proportion of the population with marks was low for all sampling scenarios and never exceeded 2%. Our approach does not require enumeration of all unmarked animals detected or direct knowledge of the number of marked animals in the population at the time of the study. This provides flexibility and potential application in a variety of sampling situations (e.g., migratory birds, breeding seabirds, sea turtles, fish, pinnipeds, etc.). Application of the methods is demonstrated with data from a study of migratory sandpipers. C1 [Lyons, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Kendall, William L.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew; Converse, Sarah J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Andres, Brad A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Buchanan, Joseph B.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Lyons, JE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM james_lyons@fws.gov OI Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife FX The authors thank field crews for capture, marking, and resighting observations used in the example. Funding for field study was provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; and an anonymous donor. J. E. L. is grateful to J. Nichols for discussions about analysis of capture-recapture data. The manuscript was improved by comments of J. Nichols. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-341X EI 1541-0420 J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD MAR PY 2016 VL 72 IS 1 BP 262 EP 271 DI 10.1111/biom.12393 PG 10 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA DJ0SM UT WOS:000373914700027 PM 26348116 ER PT J AU Duncan, RA Kent, AJR Thornber, CR Schlieder, TD Al-Amri, AM AF Duncan, Robert A. Kent, Adam J. R. Thornber, Carl R. Schlieder, Tyler D. Al-Amri, Abdullah M. TI Timing and composition of continental volcanism at Harrat Hutaymah, western Saudi Arabia SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Harrats; Age determinations; Continental volcanism; Afar hotspot; Lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary ID RED-SEA; GEOCHEMICAL CONSTRAINTS; FLOOD BASALTS; ASTHENOSPHERE; SYSTEMS; BENEATH; CRUSTAL; MANTLE; PLUME; CONTAMINATION AB Harrat Hutaymah is an alkali basalt volcanic field in north-central Saudi Arabia, at the eastern margin of a large Neogene continental, intraplate magmatic province. Lava flow, tephra and spatter cone compositions in the field include alkali olivine basalts and basanites. These compositions contrast with the predominantly tholeiitic, fissure-fed basalts found along the eastern margin of the Red Sea. The Hutaymah lava flows were erupted through Proterozoic arc-associated plutonic and meta-sedimentary rocks of the Arabian shield, and commonly contain a range of sub-continental lithospheric xenoliths, although the lavas themselves show little indication of crustal contamination. Previous radiometric dating of this volcanic field (a single published K-Ar age; 1.8 Ma) is suspiciously old given the field measurement of normal magnetic polarity only (i.e. Brunhes interval <= 780 1(a). We report new age determinations on 14 lava flows by the Ar-40-Ar-39 laser step heating method, all younger than similar to 850 Ka, to better constrain the time frame of volcanism, and major, trace and rare earth element compositions to describe the chemical variation of volcanic activity at Harrat Hutaymah. Crystal fractionation was dominated by olivine +/- clinopyroxene at a range of upper mantle and crustal pressures. Rapid ascent and eruption of magma is indicated by the array of lower crustal and lithospheric xenoliths observed in lava flows and tephra. Modeling suggests 1-7% melting of an enriched asthenospheric mantle source occurred beneath Harrat Hutaymah under a relatively thick lithospheric cap (60-80 km). (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Duncan, Robert A.; Kent, Adam J. R.; Schlieder, Tyler D.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Duncan, Robert A.; Al-Amri, Abdullah M.] King Saud Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Thornber, Carl R.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Duncan, RA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM rduncan@coas.oregonstate.edu OI Thornber, Carl/0000-0002-6382-4408 FU Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program at King Saud University; King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST); National Science Foundation [1524675] FX Kyle Krawl provided assistance with instruction in using the geochemical modeling software. ICP-MS and additional XRF analyses were provided by the Washington State University GeoAnalytical Laboratory. Dr. Dan Miggins assisted with 40Ar-39Ar incremental heating analyses. We thank Dr. Saeed Alshaltoni for assistance with sample collection and thin section preparation. R.A.D. acknowledges support from the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program at King Saud University. Chip Lesher provided access to the REEBOX package. Parts of this research were supported by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) and the National Science Foundation (award 1524675). NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2016 VL 313 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.01.010 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DJ2ZT UT WOS:000374074900001 ER PT J AU Cordes, EE Auscavitch, S Baums, IB Fisher, CR Girard, F Gomez, C McClain-Counts, J Mendlovitz, HP Miles Smith, S Vohsen, S Weinheimer, A AF Cordes, Erik E. Auscavitch, Steven Baums, Iliana B. Fisher, Charles R. Girard, Fanny Gomez, Carlos McClain-Counts, Jennifer Mendlovitz, Howard P. Miles Smith, Styles Vohsen, Samuel Weinheimer, Alaina TI ECOGIG: Oil Spill Effects on Deep-Sea Corals Through the Lenses of Natural Hydrocarbon Seeps and Long Time Series SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cordes, Erik E.; Auscavitch, Steven; Gomez, Carlos] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Baums, Iliana B.; Fisher, Charles R.] Penn State Univ, Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fisher, Charles R.] Penn State Univ, Grad Educ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Girard, Fanny; Smith, Styles; Vohsen, Samuel; Weinheimer, Alaina] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [McClain-Counts, Jennifer] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL USA. [Mendlovitz, Howard P.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Cordes, EE (reprint author), Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RI Baums, Iliana/G-6435-2010 OI Baums, Iliana/0000-0001-6463-7308 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 SU S BP 28 EP 29 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DJ3IM UT WOS:000374098100006 ER PT J AU Kennedy, BRC Quattrini, AM Cheadle, MJ Garcia-Moliner, G Chaytor, J Ford, M Lobecker, M Sowers, D McKenna, L Cantwell, K Schmidt, W Jimenez, M Demopoulos, AWJ Shank, TM Scharer-Umpierre, M Mah, CL AF Kennedy, Brian R. C. Quattrini, Andrea M. Cheadle, Michael J. Garcia-Moliner, Graciela Chaytor, Jason Ford, Michael Lobecker, Meme Sowers, Derek McKenna, Lindsay Cantwell, Kasey Schmidt, Wilford Jimenez, Manuel Demopoulos, Amanda W. J. Shank, Timothy M. Scharer-Umpierre, Michelle Mah, Christopher L. CA Okeanos Explorer Onshore Sci Team TI Oceano Profundo 2015: Exploring Puerto Rico's Seamounts, Trenches, and Troughs SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kennedy, Brian R. C.] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Narragansett, RI USA. [Quattrini, Andrea M.] Harvey Mudd Coll, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Cheadle, Michael J.] Univ Wyoming, Geol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Garcia-Moliner, Graciela] Caribbean Fishery Management Council, San Juan, PR USA. [Chaytor, Jason] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ford, Michael; Cantwell, Kasey] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Lobecker, Meme; Sowers, Derek; McKenna, Lindsay] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Durham, NH USA. [Schmidt, Wilford] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Jimenez, Manuel] Univ Puerto Rico, Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Jimenez, Manuel] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Engn, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL USA. [Shank, Timothy M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Scharer-Umpierre, Michelle] Univ Puerto Rico, Interdisciplinary Ctr Coastal Studies, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Mah, Christopher L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kennedy, BRC (reprint author), NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Narragansett, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 SU S BP 64 EP 67 PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DJ3IM UT WOS:000374098100019 ER PT J AU Akob, DM Sumy, D Hermes, J Horsfall, F AF Akob, Denise M. Sumy, Danielle Hermes, Juliet Horsfall, Fiona TI CAREER PROFILES Options and Insights SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Akob, Denise M.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. [Sumy, Danielle] Inc Res Inst Seismol, Washington, DC USA. [Hermes, Juliet] SAEON, Egagasini Node Marine Offshore Syst, Cape Town, South Africa. [Horsfall, Fiona] NOAA, Climate Serv Branch, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Akob, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA.; Sumy, D (reprint author), Inc Res Inst Seismol, Washington, DC USA.; Hermes, J (reprint author), SAEON, Egagasini Node Marine Offshore Syst, Cape Town, South Africa.; Horsfall, F (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Serv Branch, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM dakob@usgs.gov; danielle.sumy@iris.edu; juliet@saeon.ac.za; fiona.horsfall@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 SI SI BP 106 EP 110 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DJ3IJ UT WOS:000374097800024 ER PT J AU Dickinson, SE Janda, J Criswell, J Blohm-Mangone, K Olson, ER Liu, ZL Barber, C Petricoin, EF Calvert, VS Einspahr, J Dickinson, JE Stratton, SP Curiel-Lewandrowski, C Saboda, K Hu, CC Bode, AM Dong, ZG Alberts, DS Bowden, GT AF Dickinson, Sally E. Janda, Jaroslav Criswell, Jane Blohm-Mangone, Karen Olson, Erik R. Liu, Zhonglin Barber, Christy Petricoin, Emanuel F., III Calvert, Valerie S. Einspahr, Janine Dickinson, Jesse E. Stratton, Steven P. Curiel-Lewandrowski, Clara Saboda, Kathylynn Hu, Chengcheng Bode, Ann M. Dong, Zigang Alberts, David S. Bowden, G. Timothy TI Inhibition of Akt Enhances the Chemopreventive Effects of Topical Rapamycin in Mouse Skin SO CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAIN; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; PROTEIN-KINASE; IN-VITRO; CANCER; ACTIVATION; SIROLIMUS; DURAMYCIN; CARCINOGENESIS; TUMORS AB The PI3Kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway has important roles in cancer development for multiple tumor types, including UV-induced nonmelanoma skin cancer. Immunosuppressed populations are at increased risk of aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Individuals who are treated with rapamycin (sirolimus, a classical mTOR inhibitor) have significantly decreased rates of developing new cutaneous SCCs compared with those that receive traditional immunosuppression. However, systemic rapamycin use can lead to significant adverse events. Here, we explored the use of topical rapamycin as a chemopreventive agent in the context of solar-simulated light (SSL)-induced skin carcinogenesis. In SKH-1 mice, topical rapamycin treatment decreased tumor yields when applied after completion of 15 weeks of SSL exposure compared with controls. However, applying rapamycin during SSL exposure for 15 weeks, and continuing for 10 weeks after UV treatment, increased tumor yields. We also examined whether a combinatorial approach might result in more significant tumor suppression by rapamycin. We validated that rapamycin causes increased Akt (S473) phosphorylation in the epidermis after SSL, and show for the first time that this dysregulation can be inhibited in vivo by a selective PDK1/Akt inhibitor, PHT-427. Combining rapamycin with PHT-427 on tumor prone skin additively caused a significant reduction of tumor multiplicity compared with vehicle controls. Our findings indicate that patients taking rapamycin should avoid sun exposure, and that combining topical mTOR inhibitors and Akt inhibitors may be a viable chemoprevention option for individuals at high risk for cutaneous SCC. (C) 2016 AACR. C1 [Dickinson, Sally E.; Janda, Jaroslav; Criswell, Jane; Blohm-Mangone, Karen; Olson, Erik R.; Einspahr, Janine; Stratton, Steven P.; Curiel-Lewandrowski, Clara; Saboda, Kathylynn; Hu, Chengcheng; Alberts, David S.; Bowden, G. Timothy] Univ Arizona, Ctr Canc, Tucson, AZ USA. [Dickinson, Sally E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Pharmacol, Tucson, AZ USA. [Liu, Zhonglin; Barber, Christy] Univ Arizona, Dept Med Imaging, Tucson, AZ USA. [Petricoin, Emanuel F., III; Calvert, Valerie S.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Appl Prote & Mol Med, Manassas, VA USA. [Einspahr, Janine; Stratton, Steven P.; Curiel-Lewandrowski, Clara; Alberts, David S.; Bowden, G. Timothy] Univ Arizona, Dept Med, Tucson, AZ USA. [Dickinson, Jesse E.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Bode, Ann M.; Dong, Zigang] Univ Minnesota, Hormel Inst, Dept Mol Med & Biopharmaceut Sci, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN 55912 USA. [Bowden, G. Timothy] Univ Arizona, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Dickinson, SE (reprint author), 1515 North Campbell Ave,AZCC Room 3977, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. EM sdickinson@uacc.arizona.edu RI Dickinson, Jesse/I-7177-2016; Hu, Chengcheng/A-8391-2017 OI Dickinson, Jesse/0000-0002-0048-0839; FU NIH [NCI P01 CA023074, P30 CA027502, NIBIB P41-EB002035] FX This work was supported by the following NIH grants: NCI P01 CA023074 (S.E. Dickinson, J. Janda, J. Criswell, K. Blohm-Mangone, E.R. Olson, J. J. Rusche, J. Einspahr, S.P. Stratton, C. Curiel-Lewandrowski, K. Saboda, C. Hu, A.M. Bode, Z. Dong, D. Alberts, G.T. Bowden), P30 CA027502 (all University of Arizona Cancer Center members) and NIBIB P41-EB002035 (C. Barber, Z. Liu). NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1940-6207 EI 1940-6215 J9 CANCER PREV RES JI Cancer Prev. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 9 IS 3 BP 215 EP 224 DI 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-15-0419 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA DI4BS UT WOS:000373445800002 PM 26801880 ER PT J AU Abbott, BW Jones, JB Schuur, EAG Chapin, FS Bowden, WB Bret-Harte, MS Epstein, HE Flannigan, MD Harms, TK Hollingsworth, TN Mack, MC McGuire, AD Natali, SM Rocha, AV Tank, SE Turetsky, MR Vonk, JE Wickland, KP Aiken, GR Alexander, HD Amon, RMW Benscoter, BW Bergeron, Y Bishop, K Blarquez, O Bond-Lamberty, B Breen, AL Buffam, I Cai, YH Carcaillet, C Carey, SK Chen, JM Chen, HYH Christensen, TR Cooper, LW Cornelissen, JHC de Groot, WJ DeLuca, TH Dorrepaal, E Fetcher, N Finlay, JC Forbes, BC French, NHF Gauthier, S Girardin, MP Goetz, SJ Goldammer, JG Gough, L Grogan, P Guo, LD Higuera, PE Hinzman, L Hu, FS Hugelius, G Jafarov, EE Jandt, R Johnstone, JF Karlsson, J Kasischke, ES Kattner, G Kelly, R Keuper, F Kling, GW Kortelainen, P Kouki, J Kuhry, P Laudon, H Laurion, I Macdonald, RW Mann, PJ Martikainen, PJ McClelland, JW Molau, U Oberbauer, SF Olefeldt, D Pare, D Parisien, MA Payette, S Peng, CH Pokrovsky, OS Rastetter, EB Raymond, PA Raynolds, MK Rein, G Reynolds, JF Robards, M Rogers, BM Schadel, C Schaefer, K Schmidt, IK Shvidenko, A Sky, J Spencer, RGM Starr, G Striegl, RG Teisserenc, R Tranvik, LJ Virtanen, T Welker, JM Zimov, S AF Abbott, Benjamin W. Jones, Jeremy B. Schuur, Edward A. G. Chapin, F. Stuart, III Bowden, William B. Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia Epstein, Howard E. Flannigan, Michael D. Harms, Tamara K. Hollingsworth, Teresa N. Mack, Michelle C. McGuire, A. David Natali, Susan M. Rocha, Adrian V. Tank, Suzanne E. Turetsky, Merritt R. Vonk, Jorien E. Wickland, Kimberly P. Aiken, George R. Alexander, Heather D. Amon, Rainer M. W. Benscoter, Brian W. Bergeron, Yves Bishop, Kevin Blarquez, Olivier Bond-Lamberty, Ben Breen, Amy L. Buffam, Ishi Cai, Yihua Carcaillet, Christopher Carey, Sean K. Chen, Jing M. Chen, Han Y. H. Christensen, Torben R. Cooper, Lee W. Cornelissen, J. Hans C. de Groot, William J. DeLuca, Thomas H. Dorrepaal, Ellen Fetcher, Ned Finlay, Jacques C. Forbes, Bruce C. French, Nancy H. F. Gauthier, Sylvie Girardin, Martin P. Goetz, Scott J. Goldammer, Johann G. Gough, Laura Grogan, Paul Guo, Laodong Higuera, Philip E. Hinzman, Larry Hu, Feng Sheng Hugelius, Gustaf Jafarov, Elchin E. Jandt, Randi Johnstone, Jill F. Karlsson, Jan Kasischke, Eric S. Kattner, Gerhard Kelly, Ryan Keuper, Frida Kling, George W. Kortelainen, Pirkko Kouki, Jari Kuhry, Peter Laudon, Hjalmar Laurion, Isabelle Macdonald, Robie W. Mann, Paul J. Martikainen, Pertti J. McClelland, James W. Molau, Ulf Oberbauer, Steven F. Olefeldt, David Pare, David Parisien, Marc-Andre Payette, Serge Peng, Changhui Pokrovsky, Oleg S. Rastetter, Edward B. Raymond, Peter A. Raynolds, Martha K. Rein, Guillermo Reynolds, James F. Robards, Martin Rogers, Brendan M. Schaedel, Christina Schaefer, Kevin Schmidt, Inger K. Shvidenko, Anatoly Sky, Jasper Spencer, Robert G. M. Starr, Gregory Striegl, Robert G. Teisserenc, Roman Tranvik, Lars J. Virtanen, Tarmo Welker, Jeffrey M. Zimov, Sergei TI Biomass offsets little or none of permafrost carbon release from soils, streams, and wildfire: an expert assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE permafrost carbon; Arctic; boreal; wildfire; dissolved organic carbon; particulate organic carbon; coastal erosion ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOREAL FOREST; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; INTERIOR ALASKA; ARCTIC TUNDRA; FIRE; SEQUESTRATION; VULNERABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; STORAGE AB As the permafrost region warms, its large organic carbon pool will be increasingly vulnerable to decomposition, combustion, and hydrologic export. Models predict that some portion of this release will be offset by increased production of Arctic and boreal biomass; however, the lack of robust estimates of net carbon balance increases the risk of further overshooting international emissions targets. Precise empirical or model-based assessments of the critical factors driving carbon balance are unlikely in the near future, so to address this gap, we present estimates from 98 permafrost-region experts of the response of biomass, wildfire, and hydrologic carbon flux to climate change. Results suggest that contrary to model projections, total permafrost-region biomass could decrease due to water stress and disturbance, factors that are not adequately incorporated in current models. Assessments indicate that end-of-the-century organic carbon release from Arctic rivers and collapsing coastlines could increase by 75% while carbon loss via burning could increase four-fold. Experts identified water balance, shifts in vegetation community, and permafrost degradation as the key sources of uncertainty in predicting future system response. In combination with previous findings, results suggest the permafrost region will become a carbon source to the atmosphere by 2100 regardless of warming scenario but that 65%-85% of permafrost carbon release can still be avoided if human emissions are actively reduced. C1 [Abbott, Benjamin W.] Univ Rennes 1, OSUR, CNRS, UMR ECOBIO 6553, F-35014 Rennes, France. [Abbott, Benjamin W.; Jones, Jeremy B.; Chapin, F. Stuart, III; Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia; Harms, Tamara K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Abbott, Benjamin W.; Jones, Jeremy B.; Chapin, F. Stuart, III; Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia; Harms, Tamara K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biology& Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Schuur, Edward A. G.; Mack, Michelle C.; Schaedel, Christina] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Bowden, William B.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Epstein, Howard E.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Flannigan, Michael D.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. [Hollingsworth, Teresa N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, PNW Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. [Natali, Susan M.; Goetz, Scott J.; Rogers, Brendan M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Rocha, Adrian V.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Rocha, Adrian V.] Univ Notre Dame, Environm Change Initiat, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Vonk, Jorien E.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Wickland, Kimberly P.; Aiken, George R.; Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. [Alexander, Heather D.] Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Amon, Rainer M. W.] Texas A&M Univ, Galveston, TX USA. [Benscoter, Brian W.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Bergeron, Yves] Univ Quebec Abitibi Temiscamingue, Forest Res Inst, Rouyn Noranda, PQ, Canada. [Bishop, Kevin] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. [Bishop, Kevin] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Blarquez, Olivier] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Bond-Lamberty, Ben] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Breen, Amy L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Scenarios Network Alaska & Arctic Planning, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Buffam, Ishi] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Cai, Yihua] Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen, Peoples R China. [Carcaillet, Christopher] Ecole Prat Hautes Etud, UMR5023, CNRS Lyon 1, Lyon, France. [Carey, Sean K.] McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. [Chen, Jing M.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Chen, Han Y. H.] Lakehead Univ, Fac Nat Resources Management, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [Christensen, Torben R.] Lund Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Christensen, Torben R.] Aarhus Univ, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Cooper, Lee W.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. [Cornelissen, J. Hans C.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Syst Ecol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [de Groot, William J.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Toronto, ON, Canada. [DeLuca, Thomas H.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dorrepaal, Ellen; Karlsson, Jan; Keuper, Frida] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Climate Impacts Res Ctr, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Fetcher, Ned] Wilkes Univ, Inst Environm Sci & Sustainabil, Wilkes Barre, PA 18766 USA. [Finlay, Jacques C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Forbes, Bruce C.] Univ Lapland, Arctic Ctr, Rovaniemi, Finland. [French, Nancy H. F.] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Gauthier, Sylvie; Girardin, Martin P.; Pare, David] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Goldammer, Johann G.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Global Fire Monitoring Ctr, Berlin, Germany. [Gough, Laura] Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD USA. [Grogan, Paul] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Guo, Laodong] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Higuera, Philip E.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hinzman, Larry] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Hu, Feng Sheng] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Hu, Feng Sheng] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Hugelius, Gustaf] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, Stockholm, Sweden. [Jafarov, Elchin E.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Jandt, Randi] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Fire Sci Consortium, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Kasischke, Eric S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. [Kattner, Gerhard] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Berlin, Germany. [Kelly, Ryan] Neptune & Co Inc, North Wales, PA USA. [Keuper, Frida] INRA, AgroImpact UPR1158, New York, NY USA. [Kling, George W.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kortelainen, Pirkko] Finnish Environm Inst, Helsinki, Finland. [Kouki, Jari] Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Forest Sci, Joensuu, Finland. [Kuhry, Peter] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, Stockholm, Sweden. [Laudon, Hjalmar] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Laurion, Isabelle] Inst Natl Rech Sci, Ctr Eau Terre Environm, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Macdonald, Robie W.] Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Mann, Paul J.] Northumbria Univ, Dept Geog, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. [Martikainen, Pertti J.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Joensuu, Finland. [McClelland, James W.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Molau, Ulf] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Oberbauer, Steven F.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Olefeldt, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Revewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. [Parisien, Marc-Andre] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Payette, Serge] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. [Peng, Changhui] Univ Quebec, Ctr CEF, ESCER, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Peng, Changhui] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Xian, Peoples R China. [Pokrovsky, Oleg S.] CNRS, Georesources & Environm, Toulouse, France. [Pokrovsky, Oleg S.] Tomsk State Univ, BIO GEO CLIM Lab, Tomsk, Russia. [Rastetter, Edward B.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Raymond, Peter A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Raynolds, Martha K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Rein, Guillermo] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Reynolds, James F.] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Life Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Reynolds, James F.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Robards, Martin] Arctic Beringia Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, New York, NY USA. [Schaefer, Kevin] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Schmidt, Inger K.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Shvidenko, Anatoly] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Shvidenko, Anatoly] Sukachev Inst Forest, Moscow, Russia. [Sky, Jasper] Cambridge Ctr Climate Change Res, Cambridge, England. [Spencer, Robert G. M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Starr, Gregory] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Teisserenc, Roman] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, ECOLAB,UPS, Toulouse, France. [Tranvik, Lars J.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet, Limnol, Uppsala, Sweden. [Virtanen, Tarmo] Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Welker, Jeffrey M.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK USA. [Zimov, Sergei] Russian Acad Sci, Northeast Sci Stn, Moscow 117901, Russia. RP Abbott, BW (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, OSUR, CNRS, UMR ECOBIO 6553, F-35014 Rennes, France.; Abbott, BW (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA.; Abbott, BW (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biology& Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK USA. EM benabbo@gmail.com RI Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012; Carcaillet, Christopher/G-1218-2011; Cooper, Lee/E-5251-2012; Shvidenko, Anatoly/I-1505-2016; Finlay, Jacques/B-6081-2011; Benscoter, Brian/K-8105-2016; Bond-Lamberty, Ben/C-6058-2008; Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009; Forbes, Bruce/L-4431-2013; McClelland, James/C-5396-2008; Macdonald, Robie/A-7896-2012; Higuera, Philip/B-1330-2010; Olefeldt, David/E-8835-2013; Chen, Han/A-1359-2008; Vonk, Jorien/H-5422-2011; OI Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577; Carcaillet, Christopher/0000-0002-6632-1507; Cooper, Lee/0000-0001-7734-8388; Shvidenko, Anatoly/0000-0001-7640-2151; Finlay, Jacques/0000-0002-7968-7030; Benscoter, Brian/0000-0002-2706-4667; Bond-Lamberty, Ben/0000-0001-9525-4633; Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860; Forbes, Bruce/0000-0002-4593-5083; McClelland, James/0000-0001-9619-8194; Macdonald, Robie/0000-0002-1141-8520; Higuera, Philip/0000-0001-5396-9956; Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475; Chen, Han/0000-0001-9477-5541; Buffam, Ishi/0000-0002-2625-6640; JAFAROV, ELCHIN/0000-0002-8310-3261; Rein, Guillermo/0000-0001-7207-2685; Abbott, Benjamin/0000-0001-5861-3481; Johnstone, Jill/0000-0001-6131-9339; Pare, David/0000-0003-0177-6428; Rastetter, Edward/0000-0002-8620-5431; Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590 FU National Science Foundation ARCSS program and Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon Research Coordination Network [OPP-0806465, OPP-0806394, 955713]; SITES (Swedish Science Foundation); Future Forest (Mistra); Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. [277059] FX Peter J Fix provided valuable input on the methods and manuscript. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation ARCSS program and Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon Research Coordination Network (grants OPP-0806465, OPP-0806394, and 955713) with additional funding from SITES (Swedish Science Foundation), Future Forest (Mistra), and a Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant (TOMCAR-Permafrost #277059) within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. This work complies with the US HHS Policy for Protection of Human Research Subjects. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 86 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 46 U2 100 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 AR 034014 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/034014 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI3LY UT WOS:000373401400017 ER PT J AU Scanlon, BR Reedy, RC Faunt, CC Pool, D Uhlman, K AF Scanlon, Bridget R. Reedy, Robert C. Faunt, Claudia C. Pool, Donald Uhlman, Kristine TI Enhancing drought resilience with conjunctive use and managed aquifer recharge in California and Arizona SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE managed aquifer recharge; conjunctive use; drought; groundwater storage ID ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; SURFACE-WATER; WEST-COAST; GROUNDWATER; OPPORTUNITIES; BANKING; BASIN; CHINA AB Projected longer-term droughts and intense floods underscore the need to store more water to manage climate extremes. Here we show how depleted aquifers have been used to store water by substituting surface water use for groundwater pumpage (conjunctive use, CU) or recharging groundwater with surface water (managed aquifer recharge, MAR). Unique multi-decadal monitoring from thousands of wells and regional modeling datasets for the California Central Valley and central Arizona were used to assess CU and MAR. In addition to natural reservoir capacity related to deep water tables, historical groundwater depletion further expanded aquifer storage by similar to 44 km(3) in the Central Valley and by similar to 100 km 3 in Arizona, similar to or exceeding current surface reservoir capacity by up to three times. Local river water and imported surface water, transported through 100s of km of canals, is substituted for groundwater (<= 15 km(3) yr(-1), CU) or is used to recharge groundwater (MAR, <= 1.5 km(3) yr(-1)) during wet years shifting to mostly groundwater pumpage during droughts. In the Central Valley, CU and MAR locally reversed historically declining water-level trends, which contrasts with simulated net regional groundwater depletion. In Arizona, CU and MAR also reversed historically declining groundwater level trends in active management areas. These rising trends contrast with current declining trends in irrigated areas that lack access to surface water to support CU or MAR. Use of depleted aquifers as reservoirs could expand with winter flood irrigation or capturing flood discharges to the Pacific (0-1.6 km(3) yr(-1), 2000-2014) with additional infrastructure in California. Because flexibility and expanded portfolio options translate to resilience, CU and MAR enhance drought resilience through multi-year storage, complementing shorter term surface reservoir storage, and facilitating water markets. C1 [Scanlon, Bridget R.; Reedy, Robert C.; Uhlman, Kristine] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Faunt, Claudia C.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Pool, Donald] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Scanlon, BR (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM Bridget.Scanlon@beg.utexas.edu RI Scanlon, Bridget/A-3105-2009 OI Scanlon, Bridget/0000-0002-1234-4199 FU State of Texas Advanced Resource Recovery Program; Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin FX We would like to acknowledge financial support for this study from the State of Texas Advanced Resource Recovery Program and from the Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin. We are very grateful to the following individuals for providing data: Ken Seasholes, Central Arizona Project; Sandra Bond, US Geological Survey; Jeevan Muhar, Arvin-Edison Water Storage District; Maury Roos, California Dept. of Water Resources; Brett Wycoff, California Dept. of Water Resources; Michelle Anderson, Kern County Water Agency; Jon Parker, Kern Water Bank; and Tom Whitmer, Director of Natural Resources for the City of Cottonwood, Arizona. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 17 U2 33 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 AR 035013 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/035013 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI3LY UT WOS:000373401400041 ER PT J AU Osborne, BB Baron, JS Wallenstein, MD AF Osborne, Brooke B. Baron, Jill S. Wallenstein, Matthew D. TI Moisture and temperature controls on nitrification differ among ammonia oxidizer communities from three alpine soil habitats SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA); ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB); global change; Loch Vale watershed; nitrification; thermal adaptation ID ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES; FRONT RANGE; ARCHAEA; DYNAMICS; BACTERIA; DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; HYDROLOGY; OXIDATION AB Climate change is altering the timing and magnitude of biogeochemical fluxes in many high-elevation ecosystems. The consequent changes in alpine nitrification rates have the potential to influence ecosystem scale responses. In order to better understand how changing temperature and moisture conditions may influence ammonia oxidizers and nitrification activity, we conducted laboratory incubations on soils collected in a Colorado watershed from three alpine habitats (glacial outwash, talus, and meadow). We found that bacteria, not archaea, dominated all ammonia oxidizer communities. Nitrification increased with moisture in all soils and under all temperature treatments. However, temperature was not correlated with nitrification rates in all soils. Site-specific temperature trends suggest the development of generalist ammonia oxidzer communities in soils with greater in situ temperature fluctuations and specialists in soils with more steady temperature regimes. Rapidly increasing temperatures and changing soil moisture conditions could explain recent observations of increased nitrate production in some alpine soils. C1 [Osborne, Brooke B.; Baron, Jill S.; Wallenstein, Matthew D.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Osborne, Brooke B.] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Baron, Jill S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Wallenstein, Matthew D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Osborne, BB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Osborne, BB (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM brookebosborne@gmail.com FU USGS Western Mountain Initiative; Francis Clark Soil Biology Scholarship FX We thank Francesca Cotrufo, Joe von Fischer, Ed Hall, and Eric Richer for their valuable input and help designing this project and Guy Beresford and Aki Koyama for assistance with laboratory methods. Financial support was provided by the USGS Western Mountain Initiative and the Francis Clark Soil Biology Scholarship. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 2095-0195 EI 2095-0209 J9 FRONT EARTH SCI-PRC JI Front. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1007/s11707-015-0556-x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DI6WW UT WOS:000373641900001 ER PT J AU Guillaumet, A Woodworth, BL Camp, RJ Paxton, EH AF Guillaumet, Alban Woodworth, Bethany L. Camp, Richard J. Paxton, Eben H. TI Comparative demographics of a Hawaiian forest bird community SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GOODNESS-OF-FIT; AVIAN MALARIA; LIFE-HISTORY; ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MARKED ANIMALS; TRADE-OFF; POPULATION; SURVIVAL AB Estimates of demographic parameters such as survival and reproductive success are critical for guiding management efforts focused on species of conservation concern. Unfortunately, reliable demographic parameters are difficult to obtain for any species, but especially for rare or endangered species. Here we derived estimates of adult survival and recruitment in a community of Hawaiian forest birds, including eight native species (of which three are endangered) and two introduced species at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Hawai?i. Integrated population models (IPM) were used to link mark-recapture data (1994-1999) with long-term population surveys (1987-2008). To our knowledge, this is the first time that IPM have been used to characterize demographic parameters of a whole avian community, and provides important insights into the life history strategies of the community. The demographic data were used to test two hypotheses: 1) arthropod specialists, such as the Akiaplau Hemignathus munroi, are slower' species characterized by a greater relative contribution of adult survival to population growth, i.e. lower fecundity and increased adult survival; and 2) a species' susceptibility to environmental change, as reflected by its conservation status, can be predicted by its life history traits. We found that all species were characterized by a similar population growth rate around one, independently of conservation status, origin (native vs non-native), feeding guild, or life history strategy (as measured by slowness'), which suggested that the community had reached an equilibrium. However, such stable dynamics were achieved differently across feeding guilds, as demonstrated by a significant increase of adult survival and a significant decrease of recruitment along a gradient of increased insectivory, in support of hypothesis 1. Supporting our second hypothesis, we found that slower species were more vulnerable species at the global scale than faster ones. The possible causes and conservation implications of these patterns are discussed. C1 [Guillaumet, Alban; Camp, Richard J.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. [Woodworth, Bethany L.] Univ New England, Dept Environm Studies, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Paxton, Eben H.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. RP Guillaumet, A (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. EM albang@hawaii.edu OI Camp, Richard/0000-0001-7008-923X; Paxton, Eben/0000-0001-5578-7689 FU U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division and Inventory and Monitoring Program FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Program and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division and Inventory and Monitoring Program. Steven Fancy (USGS, now NPS) initiated and led the mid-1990s Hakalau Forest Birds Project, and D. Wass, J. Jeffrey, and other staff of Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge gave permission to work on the refuge, provided logistical support, and donated their time and expertise throughout the field projects. This research would not have been possible without the field contributions of Jay T. Nelson, Erik J. Tweed, Michael P. Moore, and dozens of biologists and field assistants over the years. We appreciate comments from Michael Samuel, Wayne J. Arendt and Steffen Oppel that greatly improved earlier drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 EI 1600-048X J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 47 IS 2 BP 185 EP 196 DI 10.1111/jav.00756 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DH8AF UT WOS:000373014800007 ER PT J AU Ward, DH Helmericks, J Hupp, JW McManus, L Budde, M Douglas, DC Tape, KD AF Ward, D. H. Helmericks, J. Hupp, J. W. McManus, L. Budde, M. Douglas, D. C. Tape, K. D. TI Multi-decadal trends in spring arrival of avian migrants to the central Arctic coast of Alaska: effects of environmental and ecological factors SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-DISTANCE MIGRANTS; YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIRD MIGRATION; NORTH-AMERICA; CLUTCH SIZE; TERM TRENDS; PHENOLOGY; ABUNDANCE; TUNDRA AB Warming in the Arctic has caused the transition from winter to summer to occur weeks earlier over the last half century, yet little is known about whether avian migrants have altered their timing of arrival on breeding areas to match this earlier seasonal transition. Over a 50-yr period, we examined trends in the timing of the first arrival for 16 avian migrant species at the terminus of their northward migration along the central Arctic coast of Alaska and compared these trends to factors potentially influencing migration phenology. Date of first arrival occurred an average of 0.12 d yr(-1) or 6 d (range = 3-10 d) earlier across all species and did not differ significantly among species between 1964 and 2013. Local climatic variables, particularly temperature, had a greater effect on a species first arrival date than did large-scale climatic predictors. First arrival date was 1.03 d earlier for every 1 degrees C annual change in temperature, but there was nearly a 2-fold difference in the range of responses across species (0.69-1.33 d degrees C-1), implying that some species did better than others at timing their arrival with changing temperature. There was weak support for an influence of foraging strategy, migration distance, and flight path on timing of first arrival. Our findings, like others from temperate latitudes, indicate that avian migrants are responsive to changing environmental conditions, though some species appear to be more adaptive than others. C1 [Ward, D. H.; Hupp, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Helmericks, J.] POB 340109, Prudhoe Bay, AK 99734 USA. [McManus, L.] Western Ecosyst Technol, 415 W 17th St Suite 200, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [Budde, M.] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Douglas, D. C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 250 Egan Dr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Tape, K. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Inst Arctic Biol, 216 Irving 1 Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Ward, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM dward@usgs.gov FU Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area; National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center FX This work was part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative and was supported by the Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area and the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. We thank T. Helmericks for her support during the many years of migrant observations. We are also grateful to K. Hogrefe for preparation of the study area figure. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 20 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 EI 1600-048X J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 47 IS 2 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1111/jav.00774 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DH8AF UT WOS:000373014800008 ER PT J AU Dyer, JJ Mouser, J Brewer, SK AF Dyer, Joseph J. Mouser, Joshua Brewer, Shannon K. TI HABITAT USE AND GROWTH OF THE WESTERN PAINTED CRAYFISH ORCONECTES PALMERI LONGIMANUS (FAXON, 1898) (DECAPODA: CAMBARIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE first-year growth; length distribution; ontogenetic habitat use; resources use; substrate size ID SIZE-FREQUENCY DATA; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; DWELLING CRAYFISH; STREAM POOLS; BODY-SIZE; CONSERVATION; FISH; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; ESTUARINE AB Identifying ontogenetic shifts in habitat use by aquatic organisms is necessary for improving conservation strategies; however, our ability to designate life stages based on surrogate metrics (i.e., length) is questionable without validation. This study identified growth patterns of age-0 western painted crayfish Orconectes palmeri longimanus (Faxon, 1898) reared in the laboratory, provided suppott for field-based designations of age-0 lengths, and identified microhabitat factors important to adult and juvenile presence from field collections. Two growth periods of a laboratory crayfish population were described using a broken line model: a rapid, early-growth period (weeks 2-20, slope = 0.81 +/- 0.03SE), and a slower, late-growth period (weeks 22-50, slope = 0.13 +/- 0.03SE). A smoothed curve was generated to represent the size distribution of juveniles from our laboratory population to determine the probability that an age-0 crayfish from our laboratory population had a carapace length (CL) similar to that found in previous field studies using onset of maturity (22.4 mm CL). We determined that the probability of the age-0 crayfish in our summer laboratory population exceeding 22.4 mm CL was 0.06. The threshold between the lower 0.95 and upper 0.05 probabilities was 22.9 mm CL, confirming previous field observations of onset at maturity. We used this threshold to identify juveniles and adults from our field collections, and found that both life stages were positively associated with coarse substrate and negatively associated with water depth. Adults, however, were negatively related to gravel, whereas juveniles showed a positive relationship. This result is reflective of the relationship between crayfish body size and refuge use within the interstitial spaces of substrates, whereby adult crayfish are unable to seek refuge in the small interstitial spaces of gravel. C1 [Dyer, Joseph J.; Mouser, Joshua] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Brewer, Shannon K.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Brewer, SK (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM shannon.brewer@okstate.edu FU Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation [F11AF00031] FX This research is a contribution of the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). Funding was provided by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (F11AF00031). We thank Julia Mueller, Jarrod Powers, Justin Rowland and Kortney Kowal for technical assistance. We thank Andy Dzialowsky, Bob DiStefano, and an anonymous reviewer for comments to an earlier draft of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 EI 1937-240X J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 36 IS 2 BP 172 EP 179 DI 10.1163/1937240X-00002417 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DH8HK UT WOS:000373033900007 ER PT J AU Vandergast, AG Wood, DA Thompson, AR Fisher, M Barrows, CW Grant, TJ AF Vandergast, Amy G. Wood, Dustin A. Thompson, Andrew R. Fisher, Mark Barrows, Cameron W. Grant, Tyler J. TI Drifting to oblivion? Rapid genetic differentiation in an endangered lizard following habitat fragmentation and drought SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation; disturbance; gene flow; genetic diversity ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; COACHELLA VALLEY; UMA-INORNATA; METAPOPULATION STRUCTURE; SUBDIVIDED POPULATIONS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CONSERVATION GENETICS; NATURAL DISTURBANCE AB Aim The frequency and severity of habitat alterations and disturbance are predicted to increase in upcoming decades, and understanding how disturbance affects population integrity is paramount for adaptive management. Although rarely is population genetic sampling conducted at multiple time points, pre- and post-disturbance comparisons may provide one of the clearest methods to measure these impacts. We examined how genetic properties of the federally threatened Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard (Uma inornata) responded to severe drought and habitat fragmentation across its range. Location Coachella Valley, California, USA. Methods We used 11 microsatellites to examine population genetic structure and diversity in 1996 and 2008, before and after a historic drought. We used Bayesian assignment methods and F-statistics to estimate genetic structure. We compared allelic richness across years to measure loss of genetic diversity and employed approximate Bayesian computing methods and heterozygote excess tests to explore the recent demographic history of populations. Finally, we compared effective population size across years and to abundance estimates to determine whether diversity remained low despite post-drought recovery. Results Genetic structure increased between sampling periods, likely as a result of population declines during the historic drought of the late 1990s-early 2000s, and habitat loss and fragmentation that precluded post-drought genetic rescue. Simulations supported recent demographic declines in 3 of 4 main preserves, and in one preserve, we detected significant loss of allelic richness. Effective population sizes were generally low across the range, with estimates <= 100 in most sites. Main conclusions Fragmentation and drought appear to have acted synergistically to induce genetic change over a short time frame. Progressive deterioration of connectivity, low Ne and measurable loss of genetic diversity suggest that conservation efforts have not maintained the genetic integrity of this species. Genetic sampling over time can help evaluate population trends to guide management. C1 [Vandergast, Amy G.; Wood, Dustin A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Station, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Thompson, Andrew R.] NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Fisher, Mark] Univ Calif, PL Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Res Ctr, Nat Reserve Syst, 54900 Desert Res Tr, Indian Wells, CA 92210 USA. [Barrows, Cameron W.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92251 USA. [Grant, Tyler J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Vandergast, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Station, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM avandergast@usgs.gov OI Vandergast, Amy/0000-0002-7835-6571; Wood, Dustin/0000-0002-7668-9911 FU Western Ecological Research Center; Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Coachella Valley Habitat Conservation Plan FX Kelly Zamudio and Christopher Phillips provided 1996 samples and localities. Jonathan Richmond and Jeffrey Markert assisted with marker development, and genotyping was performed at the SDSU Microchemical Core Facility. William Watson, Sam McClatchie, Liz Bowen, Shannon Hedtke and two anonymous referees provided comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Ginny Short and Darrel Hutchinson assisted with 2008 surveys. 2008 samples were collected under USFWS permit FWSCFWO-31. Whitewater samples were collected under USFWS permit TE-837521 of Al Muth. Work was supported by the Western Ecological Research Center, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Coachella Valley Habitat Conservation Plan. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 86 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 14 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 22 IS 3 BP 344 EP 357 DI 10.1111/ddi.12398 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH6EB UT WOS:000372882700009 ER PT J AU Wahl, D Hansen, RD Byrne, R Anderson, L Schreiner, T AF Wahl, David Hansen, Richard D. Byrne, Roger Anderson, Lysanna Schreiner, Thomas TI Holocene climate variability and anthropogenic impacts from Lago Paixban, a perennial wetland in Peten, Guatemala SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Holocene climate; Pollen; Prehistoric agriculture; Human impacts; Maya lowlands; Guatemala ID HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; PREHISTORIC FOREST CLEARANCE; LOWLAND CENTRAL-AMERICA; SOUTHERN MAYA LOWLANDS; YUCATAN PENINSULA; ORGANIC-MATTER; COSTA-RICA; COLD EVENT; MEXICO; RECORD AB Analyses of an similar to 6 m sediment core from Lago Paixban in Peten, Guatemala, document the complex evolution of a perennial wetland over the last 10,300 years.The basal sediment is comprised of alluvial/colluvial fill deposited in the early Holocene. The absence of pollen and gastropods in the basal sediments suggests intermittently dry conditions until similar to 9000 cal yr. BP (henceforth BP) when the basin began to hold water perennially. Lowland tropical forest taxa dominated the local vegetation at this time. A distinct band of carbonate dating to similar to 8200 BP suggests regionally dry conditions, possibly associated with the 8.21 a event. Wetter conditions during the Holocene Thermal Maximum are indicated by evidence of a raised water level and an open water lake. The timing of this interval coincides with strengthening of the Central American Monsoon. An abrupt change at 5500 BP involved the development of a sawgrass marsh and onset of peat deposition. The lowest recorded water levels date to 5500-4500 BP. Pollen, isotope, geochemical, and sedimentological data indicate that the coring site was near the edge of the marsh during this period. A rise in the water table after 4500 BP persisted until around 3500 BP. Clay marl deposition from 3500 to 210 BP corresponds to the period of Maya settlement. An increase in delta C-13, the presence of Zea pollen, and a reduction in the percentage of forest taxa pollen indicate agricultural activity at this time. In contrast to several nearby paleoenvironmental studies, proxy evidence from Lago Paixban indicates human presence through the Classic/Postclassic period transition (similar to 1000 BP) and persisting until the arrival of Europeans. Cessation of human activity around 210 BP resulted in local afforestation and the re-establishment of the current sawgrass marsh at Lago Paixban. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wahl, David; Anderson, Lysanna] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94608 USA. [Hansen, Richard D.] Univ Utah, Dept Anthropol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Wahl, David; Byrne, Roger] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. [Schreiner, Thomas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Archaeol Res Facil, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. RP Wahl, D (reprint author), 345 Middlefield Rd MS-975, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dwahl@usgs.gov OI Wahl, David/0000-0002-0451-3554 FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research & Development program; Mirador Project; Foundation for Anthropological Research and Environmental Studies (FARES) FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research & Development program. Fieldwork was supported with funding from the Mirador Project and the Foundation for Anthropological Research and Environmental Studies (FARES). We thank the Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes de Guatemala for cooperative support. We are grateful to Mariaelena Conserva, Jose Rosario, John Barron, Jason Curtis, and Robert Dull for thoughtful feedback that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 102 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 EI 1872-6364 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD MAR PY 2016 VL 138 SI SI BP 70 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.09.011 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DH3ML UT WOS:000372691000006 ER PT J AU Anderson, L Wahl, D AF Anderson, Lysanna Wahl, David TI Two Holocene paleofire records from Peten, Guatemala: Implications for natural fire regime and prehispanic Maya land use SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Biomass burning; Charcoal; Prehistoric Maya land use; Human impacts; Maya lowlands ID SEDIMENT-CHARCOAL RECORDS; CLASSIC MAYA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANCIENT MAYA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; YUCATAN PENINSULA; TROPICAL LOWLANDS; VEGETATION CHANGE; FOREST CLEARANCE AB Although fire was arguably the primary tool used by the Maya to alter the landscape and extract resources, little attention has been paid to biomass burning in paleoenvironmental reconstructions from the Maya lowlands. Here we report two new well-dated, high-resolution records of biomass burning based on analysis of macroscopic fossil charcoal recovered from lacustrine sediment cores. The records extend from the early Holocene, through the full arc of Maya prehistory, the Colonial, and post-Colonial periods (similar to 9000 cal yr BP to the present). (Hereafter BP) The study sites, Lago Paixban and Lago Puerto Arturo, are located in northern Peten, Guatemala. Results provide the first quantitative analysis from the region demonstrating that frequent fires have occurred in the closed canopy forests since at least the early Holocene (similar to 9000 BP), prior to occupation by sedentary agriculturalists. Following the arrival of agriculture around 4600 BP, the system transitioned from climate controlled to anthropogenic control. During the Maya period, changes in fire regime are muted and do not appear to be driven by changes in climate conditions. Low charcoal influx and fire frequency in the Earliest Preclassic period suggest that land use strategies may have included intensive agriculture much earlier than previously thought. Preliminary results showing concentrations of soot/black-carbon during the middle and late Preclassic periods are lower than modern background values, providing intriguing implications regarding the efficiency of Maya fuel consumption. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Anderson, Lysanna; Wahl, David] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Anderson, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM landerson@usgs.gov OI Wahl, David/0000-0002-0451-3554 FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program; Mirador Project; Foundation for Anthropological Research and Environmental Studies (FARES) FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. Fieldwork was supported with funding from the Mirador Project and the Foundation for Anthropological Research and Environmental Studies (FARES). We are grateful to Richard Hansen for facilitating field logistics and providing thoughtful discussion, Tom Schreiner for assisting ably with fieldwork, and the Institute de Antropologia e Historia for cooperative support. We would like to thank Li-Jung Kuo and Patrick Louchouarn for their time and expertise in the execution and interpretation of the Graphite Black Carbon analysis. We would also like to thank Roger Byrne, John Barron and two anonymous reviewers for valuable and constructive comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 114 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 EI 1872-6364 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD MAR PY 2016 VL 138 SI SI BP 82 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.09.012 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DH3ML UT WOS:000372691000007 ER PT J AU Hill, MC Kavetski, D Clark, M Ye, M Arabi, M Lu, D Foglia, L Mehl, S AF Hill, Mary C. Kavetski, Dmitri Clark, Martyn Ye, Ming Arabi, Mazdak Lu, Dan Foglia, Laura Mehl, Steffen TI Practical Use of Computationally Frugal Model Analysis Methods SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID EVALUATING PARAMETER IDENTIFIABILITY; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; ERROR REDUCTION; 2 STATISTICS; UNCERTAINTY; SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; VALIDATION; TRANSPORT; POLICY AB Three challenges compromise the utility of mathematical models of groundwater and other environmental systems: (1) a dizzying array of model analysis methods and metrics make it difficult to compare evaluations of model adequacy, sensitivity, and uncertainty; (2) the high computational demands of many popular model analysis methods (requiring 1000's, 10,000s, or more model runs) make them difficult to apply to complex models; and (3) many models are plagued by unrealistic nonlinearities arising from the numerical model formulation and implementation. This study proposes a strategy to address these challenges through a careful combination of model analysis and implementation methods. In this strategy, computationally frugal model analysis methods (often requiring a few dozen parallelizable model runs) play a major role, and computationally demanding methods are used for problems where (relatively) inexpensive diagnostics suggest the frugal methods are unreliable. We also argue in favor of detecting and, where possible, eliminating unrealistic model nonlinearitiesthis increases the realism of the model itself and facilitates the application of frugal methods. Literature examples are used to demonstrate the use of frugal methods and associated diagnostics. We suggest that the strategy proposed in this paper would allow the environmental sciences community to achieve greater transparency and falsifiability of environmental models, and obtain greater scientific insight from ongoing and future modeling efforts. C1 [Hill, Mary C.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, 1475 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Hill, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Kavetski, Dmitri] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Clark, Martyn] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ye, Ming] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Arabi, Mazdak] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lu, Dan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Foglia, Laura] Univ Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany. [Mehl, Steffen] Calif State Univ Chico, Chico, CA 95929 USA. RP Hill, MC (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, 1475 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA.; Hill, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. EM mchill@ku.edu; dmitri.kavetski@adelaide.edu.au; mclark@ucar.edu; mye@fsu.edu; marabi@engr.colostate.edu; lud1@ornl.gov; foglia@geo.tu-darmstadt.de; smehl@csuchico.edu RI Ye, Ming/A-5964-2008 FU U.S. Geological Survey programs National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA); Groundwater Resources Program (GWRP); National Research Program (NRP); NSF-EAR [0911074]; DOE [DE-SC0008272]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [21-66885] FX Mary Hill and Steffen Mehl were funded by the U.S. Geological Survey programs National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA), Groundwater Resources Program (GWRP), and National Research Program (NRP). Ming Ye and Dan Lu were funded by NSF-EAR grant 0911074 and the DOE Early Career Award DE-SC0008272. Laura Foglia was funded by Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) grant number 21-66885. We thank George Kuczera (University of Newcastle) and Sujay Kumar (NASA) for comments on early versions of the manuscript. We are also grateful to the editors of Ground Water and three anonymous reviewers. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 54 IS 2 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1111/gwat.12330 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DI0TW UT WOS:000373211200006 PM 25810333 ER PT J AU Robinson, J Slater, L Johnson, T Shapiro, A Tiedeman, C Ntarlagiannis, D Johnson, C Day-Lewis, F Lacombe, P Imbrigiotta, T Lane, J AF Robinson, Judith Slater, Lee Johnson, Timothy Shapiro, Allen Tiedeman, Claire Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios Johnson, Carole Day-Lewis, Frederick Lacombe, Pierre Imbrigiotta, Thomas Lane, John TI Imaging Pathways in Fractured Rock Using Three-Dimensional Electrical Resistivity Tomography SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; DC RESISTIVITY; MASS-TRANSFER; RIVER-WATER; INVERSION; TRANSPORT; SURFACE; GROUNDWATER; AQUIFER; ERT AB Major challenges exist in delineating bedrock fracture zones because these cause abrupt changes in geological and hydrogeological properties over small distances. Borehole observations cannot sufficiently capture heterogeneity in these systems. Geophysical techniques offer the potential to image properties and processes in between boreholes. We used three-dimensional cross borehole electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in a 9m (diameter)x15m well field to capture high-resolution flow and transport processes in a fractured mudstone contaminated by chlorinated solvents, primarily trichloroethylene. Conductive (sodium bromide) and resistive (deionized water) injections were monitored in seven boreholes. Electrode arrays with isolation packers and fluid sampling ports were designed to enable acquisition of ERT measurements during pulsed tracer injections. Fracture zone locations and hydraulic pathways inferred from hydraulic head drawdown data were compared with electrical conductivity distributions from ERT measurements. Static ERT imaging has limited resolution to decipher individual fractures; however, these images showed alternating conductive and resistive zones, consistent with alternating laminated and massive mudstone units at the site. Tracer evolution and migration was clearly revealed in time-lapse ERT images and supported by in situ borehole vertical apparent conductivity profiles collected during the pulsed tracer test. While water samples provided important local information at the extraction borehole, ERT delineated tracer migration over spatial scales capturing the primary hydrogeological heterogeneity controlling flow and transport. The fate of these tracer injections at this scale could not have been quantified using borehole logging and/or borehole sampling methods alone. C1 [Robinson, Judith; Slater, Lee; Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 101 Warren St,Smith Hall Rm 135, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Johnson, Timothy] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Shapiro, Allen] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Tiedeman, Claire] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Johnson, Carole; Day-Lewis, Frederick; Lane, John] US Geol Survey, Storrs, CT USA. [Lacombe, Pierre; Imbrigiotta, Thomas] US Geol Survey, Lawrenceville, NJ USA. RP Robinson, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 101 Warren St,Smith Hall Rm 135, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM judy.robinson@rutgers.edu; lslater@andromeda.rutgers.edu; TJ@pnnl.gov; ashapiro@usgs.gov; tiedeman@usgs.gov; cjohnson@usgs.gov; placombe@usgs.gov OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X FU U. S. Department of Defense (DOD) under the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program [ER 201118] FX Funding for this project was provided by the U. S. Department of Defense (DOD) under the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program ER 201118 (L. Slater, PI). Inverse computations were performed on the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Institutional Computing System (http://pic.pnnl.gov). We thank Daniel Goode for his contributions to this project. We are grateful for the field and laboratory support provided by Sundeep Sharma, Jeff Heenan, Jay Nolan, and USGS summer interns Alex Fiore, Carla Valdes, and Chris Leach. Additional support for this work came from the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. We thank three anonymous reviewers and Ryan Swanson for improving this manuscript. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 54 IS 2 BP 186 EP 201 DI 10.1111/gwat.12356 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DI0TW UT WOS:000373211200008 PM 26172032 ER PT J AU Sukop, MC Cunningham, KJ AF Sukop, Michael C. Cunningham, Kevin J. TI Geostatistical Borehole Image-Based Mapping of Karst-Carbonate Aquifer Pores SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHODS; BISCAYNE AQUIFER; SOUTHEASTERN FLORIDA; CLASSIFICATION; LIMESTONE; POROSITY AB Quantification of the character and spatial distribution of porosity in carbonate aquifers is important as input into computer models used in the calculation of intrinsic permeability and for next-generation, high-resolution groundwater flow simulations. Digital, optical, borehole-wall image data from three closely spaced boreholes in the karst-carbonate Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida are used in geostatistical experiments to assess the capabilities of various methods to create realistic two-dimensional models of vuggy megaporosity and matrix-porosity distribution in the limestone that composes the aquifer. When the borehole image data alone were used as the model training image, multiple-point geostatistics failed to detect the known spatial autocorrelation of vuggy megaporosity and matrix porosity among the three boreholes, which were only 10m apart. Variogram analysis and subsequent Gaussian simulation produced results that showed a realistic conceptualization of horizontal continuity of strata dominated by vuggy megaporosity and matrix porosity among the three boreholes. C1 [Sukop, Michael C.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Univ Pk AHC5 360, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Cunningham, Kevin J.] US Geol Survey, Carbonate Aquifer Characterizat Lab, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Sukop, MC (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Univ Pk AHC5 360, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM sukopm@fiu.edu OI Sukop, Michael/0000-0002-2142-6292; Cunningham, Kevin/0000-0002-2179-8686 FU U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Science and Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative (Everglades National Park) programs FX The U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Science and Critical Ecosystems Studies Initiative (Everglades National Park) programs provided major project funding. Daniel Thorne (Georgetown College), Alexsandra Guerra (Columbia University McNair Fellow), and Alisa Tao (Princeton University) participated in data preparation and analysis. Alejandro Garcia (Florida International University) assisted with graphics. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 54 IS 2 BP 202 EP 213 DI 10.1111/gwat.12354 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DI0TW UT WOS:000373211200009 PM 26174850 ER PT J AU Boyce, AJ Wolf, BO Martin, TE AF Boyce, A. J. Wolf, B. O. Martin, T. E. TI Resting metabolic rate explains variation in adult survival probality within but not across latitudes SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USGS, Reston, VI USA. MT Coop Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT USA. EM andrew1.boyce@umontana.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA 123-5 BP E22 EP E22 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457600088 ER PT J AU Dolan, BP Fisher, KM Colvin, ME Peterson, JT Kent, ML Schreck, CB AF Dolan, B. P. Fisher, K. M. Colvin, M. E. Peterson, J. T. Kent, M. L. Schreck, C. B. TI Innate and adaptive immune responses in migrating spring-run adult Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. EM brian.dolan@oregonstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA 27-1 BP E55 EP E55 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457600219 ER PT J AU Hill, NJ Ma, EJ Meixell, BW Lindberg, M Boyce, WM Runstadler, JA AF Hill, Nichola J. Ma, Eric J. Meixell, Brandt W. Lindberg, Mark Boyce, Walter M. Runstadler, Jonathan A. TI Evidence of seasonality in a host-pathogen system: Influenza across the annual cycle of wild birds SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR USA. Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM nhill@mit.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA S7-10 BP E91 EP E91 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457600364 ER PT J AU Klostermeyer, KM Hahn, DC Igl, LD Fassbinder-Orth, CA AF Klostermeyer, K. M. Hahn, D. C. Igl, L. D. Fassbinder-Orth, C. A. TI Passive Immunity Components in the Albumen and Yolk of New World Blackbirds SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. EM kmk68071@creighton.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA P2.64 BP E316 EP E316 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457601621 ER PT J AU Lamb, JS O'Reilly, KM Jodice, PGR AF Lamb, J. S. O'Reilly, K. M. Jodice, P. G. R. TI Long-term physiological responses of nestling seabirds to variation in prey availability and nest conditions SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. Univ Portland, Portland, OR 97203 USA. US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Reston, VA USA. EM jslamb@clemson.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA 26-1 BP E121 EP E121 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457600482 ER PT J AU Mccormick, SD Regish, AM Bernier, NJ AF Mccormick, S. D. Regish, A. M. Bernier, N. J. TI Relaxed selection, hormones and life history traits: Differential stimulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Interrenal axis in anadromous and landlocked salmon. SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, USGS, Turners Falls, MA USA. Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA 83-3 BP E143 EP E143 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457600572 ER PT J AU Merkle, JM Cross, PC Scurlock, BM Kauffman, MJ AF Merkle, J. M. Cross, P. C. Scurlock, B. M. Kauffman, M. J. TI Linking plant phenology and elk migratory behavior to predict brucellosis risk in the Yellowstone ecosystem SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VI USA. Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Cheyenne, WY USA. Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Cheyenne, WY USA. EM jmerkle@uwyo.edu RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA S7-6 BP E147 EP E147 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457600589 ER PT J AU Mouton, JC Duckworth, RA Martin, TE AF Mouton, J. C. Duckworth, R. A. Martin, T. E. TI Age-specific mortality and avian life history evolution: a role for hormone-mediated maternal effects? SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Montana, MTCWRU, USGS, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM james.mouton@umontana.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA 72-6 BP E156 EP E156 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457600624 ER PT J AU Pagano, AM Rode, KD Cutting, A Owen, MA Jensen, S Ware, JV Robbins, CT Durner, GM Williams, TM AF Pagano, A. M. Rode, K. D. Cutting, A. Owen, M. A. Jensen, S. Ware, J., V Robbins, C. T. Durner, G. M. Williams, T. M. TI Using tri-axial accelerometers to remotely identify ursid behavior SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 USGS, Richmond, VA USA. Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. Oregon Zoo, Portland, OR USA. Inst Cons Res, San Diego, CA USA. San Diego Zoo Global, San Diego, CA USA. Alaska Zoo, Anchorage, AK USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM apagano@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA P1.179 BP E346 EP E346 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457601741 ER PT J AU Vajda, AM Barber, LB Norris, DO Schwindt, AR AF Vajda, A. M. Barber, L. B. Norris, D. O. Schwindt, A. R. TI Fish endocrine disruption responses along complex land-use gradients: opportunities and limitations for mitigation by regulation and treatment technology SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Colorado Denver, Denver, CO USA. US Geol Survey, Statenville, GA USA. Univ Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM alan.vajda@ucdenver.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA P2.99 BP E384 EP E384 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457601892 ER PT J AU Washburn, EH Crowley, ME Carvalho, PG Egelston, JN Mccormick, SD Lema, SC AF Washburn, E. H. Crowley, M. E. Carvalho, P. G. Egelston, J. N. Mccormick, S. D. Lema, S. C. TI Nonapeptide hormones and ionoregulation in the fish gill: Inhibition of hypersalinity-induced CFTR expression by an AVT V1-type receptor antagonist SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. USGS, Orlando, FL USA. Conte Anadromous Fish Res Cen, Turners Falls, MA USA. EM slema@calpoly.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA P3.165 BP E390 EP E390 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457601916 ER PT J AU Swarzenski, PW Johnson, CD Lorenson, TD Conaway, CH Gibbs, AE Erikson, LH Richmond, BM Waldrop, MP AF Swarzenski, Peter W. Johnson, Cordell D. Lorenson, Tom D. Conaway, Christopher H. Gibbs, Ann E. Erikson, Li H. Richmond, Bruce M. Waldrop, Mark P. TI Seasonal Electrical Resistivity Surveys of a Coastal Bluff, Barter Island, North Slope Alaska SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BEAUFORT SEA COAST; PERMAFROST; ICE; TOMOGRAPHY; DISCHARGE; EROSION AB Select coastal regions of the North Slope of Alaska are experiencing high erosion rates that can be attributed in part to recent warming trends and associated increased storm intensity and frequency. The upper sediment column of the coastal North Slope of Alaska can be described as continuous permafrost underlying a thin (typically less than 1-2 m) active layer that responds variably to seasonal thaw cycles. Assessing the temporal and spatial variability of the active layer and underlying permafrost is essential to better constrain how heightened erosion may impact material fluxes to the atmosphere and the coastal ocean, and how enhanced thaw cycles may impact the stability of the coastal bluffs. In this study, multi-channel electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was used to image shallow subsurface features of a coastal bluff west of Kaktovik, on Barter Island, northeast Alaska. A comparison of a suite of paired resistivity surveys conducted in early and late summer 2014 provided detailed information on how the active layer and permafrost are impacted during the short Arctic summer. Such results are useful in the development of coastal resilience models that tie together fluvial, terrestrial, climatic, geologic, and oceanographic forcings on shoreline stability. C1 [Swarzenski, Peter W.; Johnson, Cordell D.; Lorenson, Tom D.; Gibbs, Ann E.; Erikson, Li H.; Richmond, Bruce M.] US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges, Dr Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Johnson, Cordell D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Conaway, Christopher H.; Waldrop, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Swarzenski, PW; Johnson, CD; Lorenson, TD; Gibbs, AE; Erikson, LH; Richmond, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges, Dr Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.; Johnson, CD; Conaway, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.; Conaway, CH; Richmond, BM; Waldrop, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pswarzen@usgs.gov; codejohn@ucsc.edu; tlorenson@usgs.gov; cconaway@usgs.gov; agibbs@usgs.gov; lerikson@usgs.gov; brichmond@usgs.gov; mwaldrop@usgs.gov OI Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 21 IS 1 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.2113/JEEG21.1.37 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA DH7BG UT WOS:000372945600004 ER PT J AU Gratto-Trevor, C Haig, SM Miller, MP Mullins, TD Maddock, S Roche, E Moore, P AF Gratto-Trevor, Cheri Haig, Susan M. Miller, Mark P. Mullins, Thomas D. Maddock, Sidney Roche, Erin Moore, Predensa TI Breeding sites and winter site fidelity of Piping Plovers wintering in The Bahamas, a previously unknown major wintering area SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Charadriidae; endangered species; shorebirds; site fidelity; survival ID CHARADRIUS-MELODUS; GREAT-LAKES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MARKED ANIMALS; ANNUAL-CYCLE; SURVIVAL; CENSUS; CONSERVATION; SHOREBIRD; ABUNDANCE AB Most of the known wintering areas of Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) are along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States and into Mexico, and in the Caribbean. However, 1066 threatened/endangered Piping Plovers were recently found wintering in The Bahamas, an area not previously known to be important for the species. Although representing about 27% of the birds counted during the 2011 International Piping Plover Winter Census, the location of their breeding site(s) was unknown. Thus, our objectives were to determine the location(s) of their breeding site(s) using molecular markers and by tracking banded individuals, identify spring and fall staging sites, and examine site fidelity and survival. We captured and color-banded 57 birds in January and February 2010 in The Bahamas. Blood samples were also collected for genetic evaluation of the likely subspecies wintering in The Bahamas. Band re-sightings and DNA analysis revealed that at least 95% of the Piping Plovers wintering in The Bahamas originated on the Atlantic coast of the United States and Canada. Re-sightings of birds banded in The Bahamas spanned the breeding distribution of the species along the Atlantic coast from Newfoundland to North Carolina. Site fidelity to breeding and wintering sites was high (88-100%). Spring and fall staging sites were located along the Atlantic coast of the United States, with marked birds concentrating in the Carolinas. Our estimate of true survival for the marked birds was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.61-0.80). Our results indicate that more than one third of the Piping Plover population that breeds along the Atlantic coast winters in The Bahamas. By determining the importance of The Bahamas to the Atlantic subspecies of Piping Plovers, future conservation efforts for these populations can be better focused on where they are most needed. RESUMEN Los sitios de cria y la fidelidad al sitio de invernada de Charadrius melodus en las Bahamas, anteriormente desconocido como un sitio importante para la invernada La mayor parte de las areas de invernada conocidas del chorlito, Charadrius melodus, estan a lo largo de las costas de los Estados Unidos Atlantico y del Golfo en Mexico, y en el Caribe. Sin embargo, 1066 chorlitos, que estan amenazadas o en peligro de extincion, se encontraron recientemente invernada en las Bahamas, un area que anteriormente no se ha conocido a ser importante para la especie. Aunque se representa alrededor del 27% de las aves contadas durante el Invierno Internacional de Chorlitos 2011, la ubicacion(es) de reproduccion era desconocido. Por lo tanto, nuestros objetivos fueron a determinar la ubicacion(es) de su sitio(s) de cria utilizando marcadores moleculares y el monitoreo de individuos anillados, tambien a identificar los sitios de parada en la primavera y el otono, y examinar la fidelidad al sitio y la supervivencia. Capturamos y anillamos con colores 57 aves en las Bahamas en enero y febrero de 2010. Las muestras de sangre tambien se recogieron para la evaluacion genetica de los posibles subespecies pasando el invierno en las Bahamas. Re-avistamientos y analisis de ADN revelo que al menos el 95% de los chorlitos de invernada en las Bahamas se origino en la costa atlantica de los Estados Unidos y Canada. Re-avistamientos de aves anilladas en las Bahamas abarcaron la distribucion de cria de la especie a lo largo de la costa atlantica de Terranova, Canada a Carolina del Norte. Fidelidad al los sitios de reproduccion e invernada fue alta (88-100%). Sitios de parada en la primavera y en el otono se encuentran a lo largo de la costa atlantica de los Estados Unidos, con las aves marcadas concentrandose en las Carolinas. Nuestra estimacion de la supervivencia real de las aves marcadas era 0.71 (IC del 95%: 0.61 hasta 0.80). Nuestros resultados indican que mas de un tercio de la poblacion Charadrius melodus que se reproduce a lo largo de la costa atlantica pasan los inviernos en las Bahamas. Al determinar la importancia de las Bahamas a la subespecie atlantica de Charadrius melodus, esfuerzos de conservacion para estas poblaciones en el futuro pueden ser centrado mejor en donde mas se necesitan. C1 [Gratto-Trevor, Cheri] Environm Canada, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife & Landscape Sci Directorate, Sci & Technol Branch, 115 Perimeter Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Haig, Susan M.; Miller, Mark P.; Mullins, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Maddock, Sidney] POB 1359, Buxton, NC 27920 USA. [Roche, Erin] US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Moore, Predensa] Bahamas Natl Trust, POB N-4105,Village Rd, The Retreat, New Providence, Bahamas. RP Gratto-Trevor, C (reprint author), Environm Canada, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife & Landscape Sci Directorate, Sci & Technol Branch, 115 Perimeter Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. EM cheri.gratto-trevor@canada.ca FU Environment Canada (Species at Risk); U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center FX We thank E. Elliott-Smith for early drafts of 2011 Piping Plover census data and comments on the manuscript, and M. Bomberger Brown, A. Boyne, D. Catlin, J.B. Cohen, F. Cuthbert, L. R. Dinan, C. Dovichin, M. Friedrich, B. Hill, J. G. Jorgensen, J. McKnight, K. Potter, J. Rock, F. Shaffer, M. L. Stantial, and A. VanZoeren for use of unpublished data. We are grateful to P. Doherty for his banding efforts in The Bahamas, as well as members of The Bahamas National Trust and everyone who helped with banding and/or re-sightings, including E. Jedry, S. Abbott, L. Addison, J. Altman, D. Anderson, P. Auger, L. Bachur, M. Bailey, E. Baldwin, E. Banks, G. Beaulieu, M. Bimbi, A. Bloomfield, R. Boettcher, J. Bogart, T. Borsack, J. Carlson, B. Carroll, E. Carson, M. Corroll, L. Coy, A. Daisey, N. Davis, P. Denman, K. Dikun, R. Farrell, L. Franceski, G. Gareau, S. Gallagher, L. Gardrel, A. Given, A. Griffith, M. Gula, S. Hecker, E. Heiser, E. Herdman, P. Hicklin, M. Hillman, E. Hogan, S. Ingalls, F. Ingelfinger, J. Jannsen, R. Jett, L. Johnson, D. Jones, S. Karpanty, C. Kiesel, E. King, K. Knapp, E. Kornegay, V. Laux, P. Leary, A. Lewis, H. Lopes, J. McArthur-Heuser, A. McCurdy, M. McCollough, N. McDonald, A. McIntyre, J. McKnight, S. Melvin, M. Miller, L. Miller-Donnally, S. Mitra, J. Montvilo, G. Murdock, T. Olson, T. Pomper, T. Power, B. Purdy, E. Ray, L. Richison, J. and L. Riehl, J. Rock, K. Rogers, E. Savage, A. Shiffner, M. Simko, B. Simpson, V. Speidel, M. Stanial, J. Stocker, N. Taygan, C. and R. Thompson, F. Toledo, J. Victoria, R. Veit, D. Ver Hague, B. Walsh, B. Wasserman, A. Wilson, E. Wittman, and L. Zitske. Funding for this project was provided by Environment Canada (Species at Risk) and the U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 EI 1557-9263 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 87 IS 1 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.1111/jofo.12131 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DH5EB UT WOS:000372807100003 ER PT J AU Verant, ML Bohuski, EA Lorch, JM Blehert, DS AF Verant, Michelle L. Bohuski, Elizabeth A. Lorch, Jeffery M. Blehert, David S. TI Optimized methods for total nucleic acid extraction and quantification of the bat white-nose syndrome fungus, Pseudogymnoascus destructans, from swab and environmental samples SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Bats; DNA extraction; Pseudogymnoascus destructans; quantification; white-nose syndrome ID REAL-TIME PCR; GEOMYCES-DESTRUCTANS; QUANTITATIVE PCR; DNA EXTRACTION; RIBOSOMAL-DNA; UNITED-STATES; DIFFERENTIATION; TAQMAN; ASSAY; BIAS AB The continued spread of white-nose syndrome and its impacts on hibernating bat populations across North America has prompted nationwide surveillance efforts and the need for high-throughput, noninvasive diagnostic tools. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis has been increasingly used for detection of the causative fungus, Pseudogymnoascus destructans, in both bat- and environment-associated samples and provides a tool for quantification of fungal DNA useful for research and monitoring purposes. However, precise quantification of nucleic acid from P. destructans is dependent on effective and standardized methods for extracting nucleic acid from various relevant sample types. We describe optimized methodologies for extracting fungal nucleic acids from sediment, guano, and swab-based samples using commercial kits together with a combination of chemical, enzymatic, and mechanical modifications. Additionally, we define modifications to a previously published intergenic spacer-based qPCR test for P. destructans to refine quantification capabilities of this assay. C1 [Verant, Michelle L.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bohuski, Elizabeth A.; Lorch, Jeffery M.; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Blehert, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM dblehert@usgs.gov OI Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [4500036150]; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Wisconsin-Madison FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (agreement 4500036150) and the U.S. Geological Survey through a research work order with the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 28 IS 2 BP 110 EP 118 DI 10.1177/1040638715626963 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DH5HH UT WOS:000372816600005 PM 26965231 ER PT J AU Harris, HS Benson, SR James, MC Martin, KJ Stacy, BA Daoust, PY Rist, PM Work, TM Balazs, GH Seminoff, JA AF Harris, Heather S. Benson, Scott R. James, Michael C. Martin, Kelly J. Stacy, Brian A. Daoust, Pierre-Yves Rist, Paul M. Work, Thierry M. Balazs, George H. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. TI VALIDATION OF ULTRASOUND AS A NONINVASIVE TOOL TO MEASURE SUBCUTANEOUS FAT DEPTH IN LEATHERBACK SEA TURTLES (DERMOCHELYS CORIACEA) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Body condition; Dermochelys coriacea; fat; health; leatherback sea turtle; ultrasound ID THICKNESS; LIPIDS AB Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) undergo substantial cyclical changes in body condition between foraging and nesting. Ultrasonography has been used to measure subcutaneous fat as an indicator of body condition in many species but has not been applied in sea turtles. To validate this technique in leatherback turtles, ultrasound images were obtained from 36 live-captured and dead-stranded immature and adult turtles from foraging and nesting areas in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Ultrasound measurements were compared with direct measurements from surgical biopsy or necropsy. Tissue architecture was confirmed histologically in a subset of turtles. The dorsal shoulder region provided the best site for differentiation of tissues. Maximum fat depth values with the front flipper in a neutral (45-908) position demonstrated good correlation with direct measurements. Ultrasound-derived fat measurements may be used in the future for quantitative assessment of body condition as an index of health in this critically endangered species. C1 [Harris, Heather S.; Benson, Scott R.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [James, Michael C.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Martin, Kelly J.] Loggerhead Marinelife Ctr, 14200 US Highway 1, Juno Beach, FL 33408 USA. [Stacy, Brian A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, POB 110885, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Daoust, Pierre-Yves; Rist, Paul M.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, 550 Univ Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Room 5231, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Balazs, George H.] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Martin, Kelly J.] Project Leatherback Inc, 3330 Fairchild Gardens Ave 31061, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410 USA. RP Harris, HS (reprint author), Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM heathersharris@gmail.com FU California Department of Fish and Wildlife's Oil Spill Response Trust Fund through the Oiled Wildlife Care Network at the Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis FX This project was supported in part by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife's Oil Spill Response Trust Fund through the Oiled Wildlife Care Network at the Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis. Field work was conducted under permits from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (1596-01, 1596-03, and 15634), the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Marine Turtle Permit (157), and Fisheries and Oceans Canada License 332697. All live animal procedures were approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) through Moss Landing Marine Laboratories/San Jose State University Research Foundation (974). The authors thank C. Harms, M. Boor, J. Mellish, and C. Harvey-Clark for valuable scientific input; C. Fahy from the NOAA West Coast Regional Office; J. Douglas from the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories; the in-water capture and aerial teams from NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center and Canadian Sea Turtle Network; the necropsy teams from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife's Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, Atlantic Veterinary College, and NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, especially T. Jones; C. Innis, J. Cavin, and the New England Aquarium Departments of Animal Health and Rescue and Rehabilitation; C. Johnson and the leatherback field research team from the Loggerhead Marinelife Center; marine wildlife stranding networks in the United States and Canada; and the NOAA Pacific Islands longline fisheries observer program. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 EI 1937-2825 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 47 IS 1 BP 275 EP 279 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DI0TU UT WOS:000373211000031 PM 27010287 ER PT J AU Buderman, FE Hooten, MB Ivan, JS Shenk, TM AF Buderman, Frances E. Hooten, Mevin B. Ivan, Jacob S. Shenk, Tanya M. TI A functional model for characterizing long-distance movement behaviour SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Argos; Bayesian model; Canada lynx; functional data analysis; movement modelling; splines; telemetry ID STATE-SPACE METHODS; COLLAR FIX RATES; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; REGRESSION SPLINES; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; MEASUREMENT ERROR; RANDOM-WALKS; FASTLOC-GPS; TELEMETRY; DISPERSAL AB Advancements in wildlife telemetry techniques have made it possible to collect large data sets of highly accurate animal locations at a fine temporal resolution. These data sets have prompted the development of a number of statistical methodologies for modelling animal movement. Telemetry data sets are often collected for purposes other than fine-scale movement analysis. These data sets may differ substantially from those that are collected with technologies suitable for fine-scale movement modelling and may consist of locations that are irregular in time, are temporally coarse or have large measurement error. These data sets are time-consuming and costly to collect but may still provide valuable information about movement behaviour. We developed a Bayesian movement model that accounts for error from multiple data sources as well as movement behaviour at different temporal scales. The Bayesian framework allows us to calculate derived quantities that describe temporally varying movement behaviour, such as residence time, speed and persistence in direction. The model is flexible, easy to implement and computationally efficient. We apply this model to data from Colorado Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) and use derived quantities to identify changes in movement behaviour. C1 [Buderman, Frances E.; Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ivan, Jacob S.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Shenk, Tanya M.] Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Buderman, FE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM franny.buderman@colostate.edu FU Colorado Parks and Wildlife [1304]; National Park Service [P12AC11099] FX Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Funding was provided by Colorado Parks and Wildlife (1304) and the National Park Service (P12AC11099). Data were provided by Colorado Parks and Wildlife. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive commentary that helped improve the manuscript. NR 100 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 IS 3 BP 264 EP 273 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12465 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH6UY UT WOS:000372928800001 ER PT J AU Pacifici, K Reich, BJ Dorazio, RM Conroy, MJ AF Pacifici, Krishna Reich, Brian J. Dorazio, Robert M. Conroy, Michael J. TI Occupancy estimation for rare species using a spatially-adaptive sampling design SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE adaptive cluster sampling; informative sampling; probit regression; rare species; spatial regression; Tamarix ramosissima ID COUNT DATA; ABUNDANCE; MODELS; POPULATIONS; INFERENCE; RICHNESS; 2-PHASE; RATES; BIAS AB Spatially clustered populations create unique challenges for conservation monitoring programmes. Advances in methodology typically are focused on either the design or the modelling stage of the study but do not involve integration of both. We integrate adaptive cluster sampling and spatial occupancy modelling by developing two models to handle the dependence induced by cluster sampling. We compare these models to scenarios using simple random sampling and traditional occupancy models via simulation and data collected on a rare plant species, Tamarix ramosissima, found in China. Our simulations show a marked improvement in confidence interval coverage for the new models combined with cluster sampling compared to simple random sampling and traditional occupancy models, with greatest improvement in the presence of low detection probability and spatial correlation in occupancy. Accounting for the design using the simple cluster random-effects model reduces bias considerably, and full spatial modelling reduces bias further, especially for large n when the spatial covariance parameters can be estimated reliably. Both new models build on the strength of occupancy modelling and adaptive sampling and perform at least as well, and often better, than occupancy modelling alone. We believe our approach is unique and potentially useful for a variety of studies directed at patchily distributed, clustered or rare species exhibiting spatial variation. C1 [Pacifici, Krishna] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Reich, Brian J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Conroy, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Pacifici, K (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jkpacifi@ncsu.edu FU National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [2005DIB5JI42, 31170588, 30510103195]; Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX The authors would like to express a special thanks to the Yuancai Lei for providing the data. Additional thanks to the Ministry of Science and Technology and National Natural Sciences Foundation of China for fiscal support for the field work (Project Research Grants 2005DIB5JI42, 31170588 and 30510103195). The comments of the associate editor and two anonymous reviewers substantially improved the manuscript. We would also like to acknowledge the Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for financial assistance. Use of trade, product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 IS 3 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12499 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH6UY UT WOS:000372928800003 ER PT J AU Organ, JF Decker, TA Lama, TM AF Organ, John F. Decker, Thomas A. Lama, Tanya M. TI The North American model and captive cervid facilitiesWhat is the threat? SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE captive cervids; markets; North American model; public trust; threats ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE AB The North American Model of Wildlife Conservation represents the key principles that in combination resulted in a distinct form of wildlife conservation in the United States and Canada. How and to what extent captive cervid facilities comport with or conflict with these principles has implications for wildlife conservation. Greatest threats appear to be toward principles of public ownership of wildlife, allocation of wildlife by law, and in policy decisions based on science. Captive cervid facilities have potential to contribute to erosion of the underlying principles of the Model and could undermine public support for conservation initiatives. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Organ, John F.] US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish Unit, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Organ, John F.] US Geol Survey, Wildlife Res Unit, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Decker, Thomas A.; Lama, Tanya M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. RP Organ, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish Unit, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.; Organ, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wildlife Res Unit, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jorgan@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 40 IS 1 BP 10 EP 13 DI 10.1002/wsb.637 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DH9ON UT WOS:000373125600003 ER PT J AU Dayer, AA Stedman, RC Allred, SB Rosenberg, KV Fuller, AK AF Dayer, Ashley A. Stedman, Richard C. Allred, Shorna B. Rosenberg, Kenneth V. Fuller, Angela K. TI Understanding landowner intentions to create early successional forest habitat in the northeastern United States SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE attitudes; beliefs; early successional habitat; landowners; New York State; reasoned action approach ID PLANNED BEHAVIOR; SHRUBLAND BIRDS; REASONED ACTION; SELF-IDENTITY; MANAGEMENT; METAANALYSIS; MOTIVATIONS; CONSERVATION; PARTICIPATE; CLEARCUTS AB Early successional forest habitat (ESH) and associated wildlife species in the northeastern United States are in decline. One way to help create early successional forest conditions is engaging private forest landowners in even-aged forest management because their limited participation may have contributed to declines in ESH for wildlife species of high conservation concern. We applied the reasoned action approach from social psychology to predict intentions of landowners in the 13-county Southern Tier of New York State, USA, to conduct patch-cuts, which is a type of even-aged forest management. We tested the predictive ability of the model using data from a mail survey of landowners conducted from November 2010 to January 2011. Landowner intention to conduct patch-cuts was high (55% of respondents), with attitude being the strongest direct predictor of behavioral intention. Our results suggest that patch-cutting intentions are most likely expressed by landowners who think the behavior is good for their land and wildlife, believe in positive outcomes of land and wildlife management, belong to a game wildlife organization, and have conducted patch-cuts in the past. Strategies to engage more landowners in ESH management will have the highest likelihood of success if outreach efforts focus on influencing behavioral beliefs and subsequently attitudes, possibly working with game wildlife organizations to communicate a unified message for habitat conservation, including the importance of maintaining and creating ESH. Our results demonstrate the importance of social science research to increase the likelihood that conservation targets for declining wildlife species are met. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Dayer, Ashley A.; Rosenberg, Kenneth V.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Dayer, Ashley A.; Stedman, Richard C.; Allred, Shorna B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Human Dimens Res Unit, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Fuller, Angela K.] Cornell Univ, US Geol Survey, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Dayer, AA (reprint author), Cornell Lab Ornithol, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.; Dayer, AA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Human Dimens Res Unit, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM aad86@cornell.edu FU New York Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Grant [WE-173-G-19] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of M. Wasilco, M. Kandel, P. Novak, T. Bell, and M. Swayze from New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; as well as D. Decker, J. Enck, and M. Kurth from Cornell University. We also thank the anonymous reviewers and Associate Editor S. Grado. Funding for this study was provided by the New York Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Grant WE-173-G-19. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 40 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1002/wsb.613 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DH9ON UT WOS:000373125600010 ER PT J AU Beston, JA Williams, CK Nichols, TC Castelli, PM AF Beston, Julie A. Williams, Christopher K. Nichols, Theodore C. Castelli, Paul M. TI A population model for management of Atlantic flyway resident population Canada geese SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Flyway; Branta canadensis; Canada geese; cull; egg addling; harvest; New Jersey; population dynamics ID NEW-JERSEY; SURVIVAL; HARVEST; STATES AB Highly abundant resident Canada geese (Branta canadensis) cause property damage throughout their range. Effective reduction and management of these populations requires knowledge of their population dynamics and responses to management actions. We used data from New Jersey, USA, and other resident Canada goose populations to produce stage-structured matrix models for resident Canada geese from both urban and rural landscapes. We ran stochastic simulations to assess 3 management activities for Atlantic Flyway Resident Population Canada geese: harvest, nest treatment, and cull. Unrealistic harvest rates, in excess of 10% for urban geese, would be needed to reduce the urban population to target levels within 10 years in the absence of other management activities. Nest treatment to prevent hatching is less controversial than culling adults, but as many as 62% of eggs in urban areas would need to be treated annually to sufficiently reduce the mean stochastic population growth rate. Cull would be the most effective way to achieve the population goal, but current cull rates are insufficient to reduce the urban population. Although reduction of urban geese was a challenge, current management activities in rural populations appeared to be sufficient to reduce populations. We also provide a simple spreadsheet tool for managers who want to explore management options for other resident Canada goose populations by inserting relevant vital rate estimates for their populations and manipulating management activities. (c) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Beston, Julie A.; Williams, Christopher K.] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, 250 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Nichols, Theodore C.] New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, 2201 Cty Route 631, Woodbine, NJ 08270 USA. [Castelli, Paul M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Edwin B Forsythe Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 72,800 Great Creek Rd, Oceanville, NJ 08231 USA. RP Williams, CK (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, 250 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM ckwillia@udel.edu FU New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife; Hunter and Anglers Fund; Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration P-R Grant [W-68-R]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region; Atlantic Flyway Council; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Wildlife Services FX The authors have no conflicts of interest associated with this research. Funding for this research was provided by New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, Hunter and Anglers Fund, Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration P-R Grant W-68-R, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 5, Atlantic Flyway Council, and U.S. Department of Agriculture-Wildlife Services. W. Anderson and N. Rein at the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Wildlife Services, and S. Slonka at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided cull data. Thanks also to K. Guerena for sharing her data on Canada goose recruitment in New Jersey. Last, we thank the Associate Editors and reviewers who provided valuable editorial suggestions. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 40 IS 1 BP 106 EP 111 DI 10.1002/wsb.618 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DH9ON UT WOS:000373125600015 ER PT J AU Cragg, JL Burger, AE Piatt, JF AF Cragg, Jenna L. Burger, Alan E. Piatt, John F. TI Techniques for monitoring Brachyramphus murrelets: A comparison of radar, autonomous acoustic recording and audio-visual surveys SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Alaska; audio-visual; automated acoustic recording; Brachyramphus murrelets; Kittlitz's murrelet; marbled murrelet; population monitoring; radar ID MARBLED MURRELETS; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; POPULATION STATUS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VOCAL ACTIVITY; BREVIROSTRIS; TRENDS; ABUNDANCE; SEABIRD AB Conditions in Alaska, USA, pose a challenge for monitoring populations of Brachyramphus murrelets using standard survey methods, because of strong winds, 2 sympatric species, short nights, and variable nesting habitat. We tested 3 methods for monitoring Brachyramphus murrelets breeding in the Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska, in 2010-2012. In addition to standard audio-visual and radar methods, we testedfor the first time with murrelets in Alaskathe application of autonomous acoustic recorders for monitoring vocal activity. We completed 74 radar, 124 audio-visual, and 134 autonomous acoustic surveys, focused on presunrise activity peaks; this yielded 26,375 murrelet detections. Marbled (B. marmoratus) and Kittlitz's murrelets (B. brevirostris) could not be distinguished using combinations of radar and acoustic recordings; therefore, at-sea surveys will be required to determine localized species proportions. Of the 3 methods, radar sampled the largest area and detected silently flying murrelets, providing the most reliable data on local populations; however, radar identification of murrelets was unreliable in winds exceeding 18km/hr. Audio-visual surveys were useful for species identification and to document behaviors associated with local nesting, whereas autonomous acoustic recorders allowed season-long monitoring of murrelet vocal activity. Within potential forest-nesting habitat of marbled murrelets, all 3 methods gave similar measures of presunrise murrelet activity, but only radar reliably sampled murrelets commuting between nest and ocean. Because of their low cost and flexible programming, automated sound recorders offer an affordable way to sample vocal activity prior to more intensive or expensive radar and audio-visual surveys. We recommend that population monitoring and habitat studies of Brachyramphus murrelets in Alaska include combinations of all 3 methods. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Cragg, Jenna L.; Burger, Alan E.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, POB 3020 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. [Piatt, John F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Cragg, JL (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, POB 3020 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. EM jenna.cragg@gmail.com FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB); U.S. Geological Survey; Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Victoria; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX The study was supported by a grant from the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB); this is NPRB publication number 569. Additional financial, logistical, and equipment support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the University of Victoria. JLC was supported by grants from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the University of Victoria graduate fellowships and awards. For major contributions to this study we thank A. Borker, R. Buxton, R. M. Corcoran, S. Hrushowy, M. J. Lawonn, J. Lewis, E. Madison, M. M. Osmond, W. Pyle, A. Roberts, and S. Snyder. We thank J. Leafloor, K. Nelson, C. Ribic, and 2 anonymous reviewers for suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Federal Government. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 40 IS 1 BP 130 EP 139 DI 10.1002/wsb.623 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DH9ON UT WOS:000373125600018 ER PT J AU Brauer, CL Donovan, TM Mickey, RM Katz, J Mitchell, BR AF Brauer, Corinne L. Donovan, Therese M. Mickey, Ruth M. Katz, Jonathan Mitchell, Brian R. TI A comparison of acoustic monitoring methods for common anurans of the northeastern United States SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE acoustic monitoring; anuran; autonomous recording unit; computer-mediated species identification ID SITE OCCUPANCY; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; RANA-CLAMITANS; CALL SURVEYS; RECOGNITION; FROGS; BIAS; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; VOCALIZATION AB Many anuran monitoring programs now include autonomous recording units (ARUs). These devices collect audio data for extended periods of time with little maintenance and at sites where traditional call surveys might be difficult. Additionally, computer software programs have grown increasingly accurate at automatically identifying the calls of species. However, increased automation may cause increased error. We collected 435min of audio data with 2 types of ARUs at 10 wetland sites in Vermont and New York, USA, from 1 May to 1 July 2010. For each minute, we determined presence or absence of 4 anuran species (Hyla versicolor, Pseudacris crucifer, Anaxyrus americanus, and Lithobates clamitans) using 1) traditional human identification versus 2) computer-mediated identification with software package, Song Scope (R) (Wildlife Acoustics, Concord, MA). Detections were compared with a data set consisting of verified calls in order to quantify false positive, false negative, true positive, and true negative rates. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed a strong (P<0.001) 3-way interaction between the ARU recorder type, identification method, and focal species, as well as a trend in the main effect of rain (P=0.059). Overall, human surveyors had the lowest total error rate (<2%) compared with 18-31% total errors with automated methods. Total error rates varied by species, ranging from 4% for A. americanus to 26% for L. clamitans. The presence of rain may reduce false negative rates. For survey minutes where anurans were known to be calling, the odds of a false negative were increased when fewer individuals of the same species were calling. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Brauer, Corinne L.; Katz, Jonathan] Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Donovan, Therese M.] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Mickey, Ruth M.] Univ Vermont, Dept Math & Stat, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Mitchell, Brian R.] Natl Pk Serv, Northeast Temperate Network, 54 Elm St, Woodstock, VT 05091 USA. [Donovan, Therese M.] 302 Aiken Ctr Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Donovan, TM (reprint author), Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.; Donovan, TM (reprint author), 302 Aiken Ctr Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM tdonovan@uvm.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department; University of Vermont; Wildlife Management Institute FX We would like to thank J. Frolik for his help in designing the Olympus ARUs, members of the National Park Service (NPS) Southeastern Coastal Network for their help in developing the Song Scope recognizers, and the NPS staff at Saratoga National Historical Park (NHP), Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller NHP, and Gifford Woods State Park. We also fully acknowledge P. Roe (Queensland University of Technology) for demonstrating his use of Olympus recorders for large-scale monitoring in Australia. J. Murdoch, C. Ribic, T. Gorman, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided excellent feedback on this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by U.S. Geological Survey, the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, the University of Vermont, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 40 IS 1 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1002/wsb.619 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DH9ON UT WOS:000373125600019 ER PT J AU Henry, PFP Haramis, GM Day, DD AF Henry, Paula F. P. Haramis, G. Michael Day, Daniel D. TI Evaluating a portable cylindrical bait trap to capture diamondback terrapins in salt marsh SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE diamondback terrapin; Malaclemys terrapin; Maryland; salt marshes; trapping methods ID MALACLEMYS-TERRAPIN; NEW-JERSEY; CRAB POTS; POPULATION; MORTALITY; TURTLES; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; PREDATION; BEHAVIOR AB Diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) are currently in decline across much of their historical range, and demographic data on a regional scale are needed to identify where their populations are at greatest risk. Because terrapins residing in salt marshes are difficult to capture, we designed a cylindrical bait trap (CBT) that could be deployed in shallow tidal waters. From 2003 to 2006, trials were conducted with CBTs in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland (USA) to determine terrapin sex, size, and age distribution within 3 salt marsh interior habitatsopen bays, tidal guts, and broken marshesusing 15 traps/habitat. Analyses based on 791 total captures with CBTs indicate that smaller terrapins, (i.e., adult male and subadult) were more prevalent within the transecting tidal guts and broken marshes, whereas the adult females were more evenly distributed among habitats, including open bays. Subadult females made up the largest percent of catch in the CBTs deployed within the 3 marsh interior habitats. During a 12-day trial in which we compared capture performance of CBTs and modified fyke nets along open shorelines during the nesting season, fyke nets outperformed CBTs by accounting for 95.2% of the 604 terrapin captures. Although the long drift leads of the fyke nets proved more effective for intercepting along-shore travel of adult female terrapins during the nesting season, CBTs provided a more effective means of live-trapping terrapins within the shallow interior marshes. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Henry, Paula F. P.; Haramis, G. Michael; Day, Daniel D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Henry, PFP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM phenry@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors wish to thank the U.S. Fish & Wildlife staff of Glenn Martin National Wildlife Refuge and Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge for providing housing and logistical support over the course of this study. We thank M. Harrison and W. Roosenburg for sharing their expertise during our planning and implementing the field work, K. Boone for the drawings, and J. Hoolahan and J. Hatfield for statistical assistance. We also thank the numerous U.S. Geological Survey interns and Maryland DNR Fisheries staff for their many hours of field assistance. The manuscript was improved from suggestions from J. Hull, N. Karouna-Renier, W.L. Straube, N. Vyas, and the comments from C. Ribic, T. Gorman, and 2 anonymous reviewers. This work was primarily supported by the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 40 IS 1 BP 160 EP 168 DI 10.1002/wsb.610 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DH9ON UT WOS:000373125600021 ER PT J AU Hennin, HL Wells-Berlin, AM Love, OP AF Hennin, Holly L. Wells-Berlin, Alicia M. Love, Oliver P. TI Baseline glucocorticoids are drivers of body mass gain in a diving seabird SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Baseline corticosterone; body mass; captive study; manipulation; white-winged scoter ID BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; CONDITION-DEPENDENT MODEL; CLUTCH SIZE; PLASMA METABOLITES; FOOD AVAILABILITY; LIFE-HISTORY; INDIVIDUAL OPTIMIZATION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; STRESS HORMONES; PASSERINE BIRDS AB Life-history trade-offs are influenced by variation in individual state, with individuals in better condition often completing life-history stages with greater success. Although resource accrual significantly impacts key life-history decisions such as the timing of reproduction, little is known about the underlying mechanisms driving resource accumulation. Baseline corticosterone (CORT, the primary avian glucocorticoid) mediates daily and seasonal energetics, responds to changes in food availability, and has been linked to foraging behavior, making it a strong potential driver of individual variation in resource accrual and deposition. Working with a captive colony of white-winged scoters (Melanitta fusca deglandi), we aimed to causally determine whether variation in baseline CORT drives individual body mass gains mediated through fattening rate (plasma triglycerides corrected for body mass). We implanted individuals with each of three treatment pellets to elevate CORT within a baseline range in a randomized order: control, low dose of CORT, high dose of CORT, then blood sampled and recorded body mass over a two-week period to track changes in baseline CORT, body mass, and fattening rates. The high CORT treatment significantly elevated levels of plasma hormone for a short period of time within the biologically relevant, baseline range for this species, but importantly did not inhibit the function of the HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis. Furthermore, an elevation in baseline CORT resulted in a consistent increase in body mass throughout the trial period compared to controls. This is some of the first empirical evidence demonstrating that elevations of baseline CORT within a biologically relevant range have a causal, direct, and positive influence on changes in body mass. C1 [Hennin, Holly L.; Love, Oliver P.] Univ Windsor, Dept Biol Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Hennin, Holly L.; Love, Oliver P.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Wells-Berlin, Alicia M.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Hennin, HL (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Dept Biol Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.; Hennin, HL (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. EM hennin@uwindsor.ca FU Natural Sciences Engineering and Research Council of Canada [478021-2015]; Canada Research Chairs Program FX This research was supported by the Natural Sciences Engineering and Research Council of Canada [Grant # 478021-2015] and the Canada Research Chairs Program. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 6 IS 6 BP 1702 EP 1711 DI 10.1002/ece3.1999 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DH0QI UT WOS:000372488300012 PM 26925215 ER PT J AU Cox, CA Quinn, JW Lewis, LC Adams, SR Adams, GL AF Cox, C. A. Quinn, J. W. Lewis, L. C. Adams, S. R. Adams, G. L. TI Population demographics of American eels Anguilla rostrata in two Arkansas, USA, catchments that drain into the Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anguillicoloides crassus; gonado-somatic index; growth; life history ID POTOMAC RIVER DRAINAGE; ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; FLOODPLAIN LAKES; FISH COMMUNITIES; LIFE-HISTORY; SEX-RATIO; GROWTH; AGE; MORTALITY; CAROLINA AB The goal of this study was to compare American eel Anguilla rostrata life history in two inland river systems in Arkansas, U.S.A., that ultimately discharge into the Gulf of Mexico via the Mississippi River and the Red-Atchafalaya catchments. From 21 June 2011 to 24 April 2014, 238 yellow-phase A. rostrata were captured in the middle Ouachita River and tributaries using boat electrofishing and 39 in the lower White River using multiple sampling gears. Most of them were caught downstream of dams in both basins (61%). Medium-sized A. rostrata ranging from 225 to 350 mm total length (L-T) were the most abundant size group in the Ouachita River basin, but they were absent from the White River. Mean L-T at age 4 years (i.e. youngest shared age) was 150 mm greater for the White River than the Ouachita River basin. Anguilla rostrata appeared to have a greater initial L-T (i.e. minimum size upon arrival) in the White River that allowed them to reach a gonado-somatic index (I-G) of 15 up to 4 years earlier, and downstream migration appeared to occur 5 years earlier at 100 mm greater L-T; these differences may be related to increased river fragmentation by dams in the Ouachita River basin. Growth and maturation of A. rostrata in this study were more similar to southern populations along the Atlantic coast than other inland populations. Adult swimbladder nematodes Anguillicoloides crassus were not present in any of the 214 swimbladders inspected. Gulf of Mexico catchments may be valuable production areas for A. rostrata and data from these systems should be considered as range-wide protection and management plans are being developed. C1 [Cox, C. A.; Adams, S. R.; Adams, G. L.] Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Biol, 201 S Donaghey Ave, Conway, AR 72035 USA. [Cox, C. A.; Quinn, J. W.] Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, 2 Nat Resources Dr, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Lewis, L. C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Off, 110 S Amity,Suite 300, Conway, AR 72032 USA. RP Adams, GL (reprint author), Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Biol, 201 S Donaghey Ave, Conway, AR 72035 USA. EM gadams@uca.edu FU Arkansas Game and Fish Commission; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Central Arkansas Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics and the Graduate School FX Thanks to C. Naus, L. Pearson, G. Grimes, J. Green, C. Sherwood, T. Bridges, K. Cash, P. Seiwert, M. Loudermilk, G. Spooner, S. Filipek, D. Andrews, E. Brinkman, J. Wisenhunt, B. Posey and J. Olive for assistance with data collection and processing. We also wish to thank J. Casselman, C. Holden, K. Oliveira, A. Barse, J. Dean and J. Besley for technical assistance with various aspects of the project. Funding and equipment were provided by Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and University of Central Arkansas Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics and the Graduate School. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 88 IS 3 BP 1088 EP 1103 DI 10.1111/jfb.12888 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DG8CT UT WOS:000372310700005 PM 26817520 ER PT J AU Appleton, AJ O'Brien, RC Trail, PW AF Appleton, Avery J. O'Brien, R. Christopher Trail, Pepper W. TI SPECIES IDENTIFICATION OF GOLDEN AND BALD EAGLE TALONS USING MORPHOMETRICS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Golden Eagle; Aquila chrysaetos; Bald Eagle; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; Accipitridae; archaeology; illegal trade; wildlife forensics ID BIRD CLAWS; PREY; RAPTORS; TRENDS; SEX AB The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) and Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) are the largest avian predators in North America, and are thus species of great ecological importance and cultural significance. There is a long history of human use of eagle body parts, and this use continues today: Bald and Golden eagles are among the North American birds most affected by the illegal wildlife trade. Detached eagle talons are often recovered in both law enforcement and archaeological contexts, but data to allow morphological identification of these talons have been lacking. This study documents measureable differences in the morphology of Bald Eagle and North American Golden Eagle talons, which can be used to identify the detached talons of these two species. We measured talon samples of both species from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory and other collections and categorized them according to species, sex, age, and digit number (Digits I-IV). We then conducted ANOVA and principal components analysis to test for statistical differences in the talon measurements of these two species. Although species identification was not always possible, due to overlap in the morphology of the talons of the two eagles, our results demonstrated that measurements allow identification of many talons, especially the large talons of Digits I and II, which are most commonly recovered in law enforcement cases. These results will be valuable for researchers studying North American eagle remains in the contexts of law enforcement, archaeology, and anthropology. C1 [Appleton, Avery J.; O'Brien, R. Christopher] Univ New Haven, Dept Forens Sci, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. [Appleton, Avery J.; O'Brien, R. Christopher] Univ New Haven, Ctr Wildlife Forens Res, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. [Trail, Pepper W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish & Wildlife Forens Lab, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP O'Brien, RC (reprint author), Univ New Haven, Dept Forens Sci, West Haven, CT 06516 USA.; O'Brien, RC (reprint author), Univ New Haven, Ctr Wildlife Forens Res, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. EM rcobrien@newhaven.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 50 IS 1 BP 76 EP 83 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DH0LZ UT WOS:000372477000009 ER PT J AU Fields, LE Pagel, JE AF Fields, Lisa E. Pagel, Joel E. TI OSPREY OCCUPANCY OF MONO LAKE-UNIQUE HABITAT IN EASTERN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Osprey; Pandion haliaetus; reproduction; hypersaline; California; nesting success ID PRODUCTIVITY; POPULATION C1 [Fields, Lisa E.] Calif State Pk, Tahoma, CA 96142 USA. [Pagel, Joel E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA. [Fields, Lisa E.] Southern Serv Ctr, Calif State Pk, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Fields, LE (reprint author), Calif State Pk, Tahoma, CA 96142 USA.; Fields, LE (reprint author), Southern Serv Ctr, Calif State Pk, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM lisa.fields@parks.ca.gov FU California Department of Parks and Recreation FX Findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the California State Parks and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Funding provided by California Department of Parks and Recreation. We thank staff and volunteers for help with data collection, including Silver Hartman, Ashli Lewis, Dave Marquart, Janet Carle, the Mono Basin Scenic Area Inyo National Forest staff, and the Mono Lake Committee staff. Thanks to Pete Bloom and Allen Fish for feedback and support with project design. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 50 IS 1 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DH0LZ UT WOS:000372477000012 ER PT J AU Eisaguirre, JM Booms, TL Schempf, PF Lewis, SB AF Eisaguirre, Joseph M. Booms, Travis L. Schempf, Philip F. Lewis, Stephen B. TI GYRFALCON HOME RANGES AND MOVEMENTS ON THE YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA, ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gyrfalcon; Falco rusticolus; Alaska; home range; satellite telemetry C1 [Eisaguirre, Joseph M.] Colorado Coll, Dept Biol, 14 East Cache La Poudre St, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. [Eisaguirre, Joseph M.; Booms, Travis L.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Divers Program, 1300 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Schempf, Philip F.; Lewis, Stephen B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management Raptors, 3000 Vintage Blvd,Suite 240, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Eisaguirre, JM (reprint author), Colorado Coll, Dept Biol, 14 East Cache La Poudre St, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA.; Eisaguirre, JM (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Divers Program, 1300 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM joseph.eisaguirre@coloradocollege.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Bureau of Land Management; Alaska Department of Fish and Game Wildlife Diversity Program FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game Wildlife Diversity Program. We thank the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge for logistical support, Matt Gottfried for support in GIS and GME, and Brian McCaffery, Dave Yokel, David Douglas, and Brian Linkhart for assistance with various aspects of this study. Permits: U.S. Federal Bird Banding and Marking Permit #21678, University of Alaska Fairbanks Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol #08-04. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 50 IS 1 BP 109 EP 114 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DH0LZ UT WOS:000372477000014 ER PT J AU Hartman, CA Ackerman, JT Eagles-Smith, CA Herzog, MP AF Hartman, C. Alex Ackerman, Joshua T. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Herzog, Mark P. TI Differentiating Sex and Species of Western Grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark's Grebes (Aechmophorus clarkii) and Their Eggs Using External Morphometrics and Discriminant Function Analysis SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Aechmophorus clarkii; Aechmophorus occidentalis; California; Clark's Grebe; discriminant function analysis; morphometrics; niche partitioning; sexual size dimorphism; Western Grebe ID NIGHT-LIGHTING TECHNIQUE; PODICEPS-NIGRICOLLIS; COLOR MORPHS; BIRDS; MORPHOLOGY; DIMORPHISM; GULLS; DNA AB In birds where males and females are similar in size and plumage, sex determination by alternative means is necessary. Discriminant function analysis based on external morphometrics was used to distinguish males from females in two closely related species: Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark's Grebe (A. clarkii). Additionally, discriminant function analysis was used to evaluate morphometric divergence between Western and Clark's grebe adults and eggs. Aechmophorus grebe adults (n = 576) and eggs (n = 130) were sampled across 29 lakes and reservoirs throughout California, USA, and adult sex was determined using molecular analysis. Both Western and Clark's grebes exhibited considerable sexual size dimorphism. Males averaged 6-26% larger than females among seven morphological measurements, with the greatest sexual size dimorphism occurring for bill morphometrics. Discriminant functions based on bill length, bill depth, and short tarsus length correctly assigned sex to 98% of Western Grebes, and a function based on bill length and bill depth correctly assigned sex to 99% of Clark's Grebes. Further, a simplified discriminant function based only on bill depth correctly assigned sex to 96% of Western Grebes and 98% of Clark's Grebes. In contrast, external morphometrics were not suitable for differentiating between Western and Clark's grebe adults or their eggs, with correct classification rates of discriminant functions of only 60%, 63%, and 61% for adult males, adult females, and eggs, respectively. Our results indicate little divergence in external morphology between species of Aechmophorus grebes, and instead separation is much greater between males and females. C1 [Hartman, C. Alex; Ackerman, Joshua T.; Herzog, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hartman, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM chartman@usgs.gov OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285; Herzog, Mark/0000-0002-5203-2835 FU California State Water Resources Control Board; Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program; Bioaccumulation Oversight Group; U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystem Mission Area FX This research was funded by the California State Water Resources Control Board, Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program, Bioaccumulation Oversight Group, and U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystem Mission Area. Adult grebes were captured and sampled under Federal Bird Banding Permit 23564, and grebe eggs were collected under Federal Fish and Wildlife Permit MB173904 and California Scientific Collecting Permit SC-007786. We thank Ryan Martin of the California Department of Water Resources, Dave Mauser of the Tule Take National Wildlife Refuge, and the Plumas Audubon Society for logistical support; Seth Wile, Ian Isler, Trevor Watts, Ashley Casey, Michelle Boyles, Garth Herring, John Pierce, Joe Schultz, Tully Rohrer, and Brandon Kowalski for field and laboratory assistance; and Julie Yee for statistical advice. Cory Overton and one anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on previous drafts of the manuscript. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2016 VL 39 IS 1 BP 13 EP 26 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA DG9BE UT WOS:000372377000002 ER PT J AU Williams, BK Brown, ED AF Williams, Byron K. Brown, Eleanor D. TI Technical challenges in the application of adaptive management SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; Learning; Nonstationarity; Resilience; Uncertainty; Value of information ID GAP DECISION-THEORY; UNCERTAINTY; INFORMATION; CONSERVATION; OPTIMIZATION; EXPERIENCE; FRAMEWORK; PLANT; RIVER; PEST AB Adaptive management is an approach for simultaneously managing and learning about natural resources, by acknowledging uncertainty and seeking to reduce it through the process of management itself. Adaptive decision making can be applied to pressing issues in conservation biology such as species reintroduction, disease and invasive species control, and habitat restoration, as well as to management of natural resources in general. After briefly outlining a framework and process for adaptive management, we focus on an overview of the key technical issues related to problem framing and the ability of resource managers to learn from their experience. These technical issues include the treatment of uncertainty and its propagation over time; nonstationarity in long-term environmental trends; the applicability of adaptive management across scales; requirements for models and management alternatives that promote learning; the value of the information produced with adaptive management; the challenge to management of uncertainty and surprise; and institutional (social) learning. To accommodate these and other challenges that are now coming into focus, the learning-based approach of adaptive management will need to be adjusted and expanded in the future. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Williams, Byron K.] Wildlife Soc, 5410 Grosvenor Lane,Suite 200, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Brown, Eleanor D.] US Geol Survey, Sci & Decis Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Brown, ED (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sci & Decis Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ebrown@usgs.gov FU USGS Science and Decisions Center FX We thank the USGS Science and Decisions Center for support for BIM during, preparation of the manuscript. We are grateful to Fred Johnson for a thoughtful review. NR 78 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 195 BP 255 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.biocon2016.01.012 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DG3AQ UT WOS:000371942300029 ER PT J AU Shaver, DJ Hart, KM Fujisaki, I Rubio, C Sartain-Iverson, AR Pena, J Gamez, DG Miron, RDGD Burchfield, PM Martinez, HJ Ortiz, J AF Shaver, Donna J. Hart, Kristen M. Fujisaki, Ikuko Rubio, Cynthia Sartain-Iverson, Autumn R. Pena, Jaime Gamez, Daniel Gomez Diaz Miron, Raul de Jesus Gonzales Burchfield, Patrick M. Martinez, Hector J. Ortiz, Jaime TI Migratory corridors of adult female Kemp's ridley turtles in the Gulf of Mexico (vol 194, pg 158, 2016) SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Correction C1 [Shaver, Donna J.; Rubio, Cynthia] Natl Pk Serv, Padre Isl Natl Seashore, POB 181300, Corpus Christi, TX 78480 USA. [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Fujisaki, Ikuko] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Sartain-Iverson, Autumn R.] US Geol Survey, Cherokee Nation Technol, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Pena, Jaime; Gamez, Daniel Gomez; Burchfield, Patrick M.; Martinez, Hector J.; Ortiz, Jaime] Gladys Porter Zoo, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Diaz Miron, Raul de Jesus Gonzales] Acuario Veracruz AC, Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Shaver, DJ (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Padre Isl Natl Seashore, POB 181300, Corpus Christi, TX 78480 USA. EM donna_shaver@nps.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 195 BP 297 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.01.017 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DG3AQ UT WOS:000371942300035 ER PT J AU Meixner, T Manning, AH Stonestrom, DA Allen, DM Ajami, H Blasch, KW Brookfield, AE Castro, CL Clark, JF Gochis, DJ Flints, AL Neff, KL Niraula, R Rodell, M Scanlon, BR Singha, K Walvoord, MA AF Meixner, Thomas Manning, Andrew H. Stonestrom, David A. Allen, Diana M. Ajami, Hoori Blasch, Kyle W. Brookfield, Andrea E. Castro, Christopher L. Clark, Jordan F. Gochis, David J. Flints, Alan L. Neff, Kirstin L. Niraula, Rewati Rodell, Matthew Scanlon, Bridget R. Singha, Kamini Walvoord, Michelle A. TI Implications of projected climate change for groundwater recharge in the western United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Review DE Groundwater recharge; Recharge mechanisms; Climate change; Western United States ID HIGH-PLAINS AQUIFER; CHANGE IMPACTS; INTENSE PRECIPITATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; FUTURE CLIMATE; SOIL-MOISTURE; WATER; SYSTEM; HYDROLOGY; TRENDS AB Existing studies on the impacts of climate change on groundwater recharge are either global or basin/location-specific. The global studies lack the specificity to inform decision making, while the local studies do little to clarify potential changes over large regions (major river basins, states, or groups of states), a scale often important in the development of water policy. An analysis of the potential impact of climate change on groundwater recharge across the western United States (west of 100 longitude) is presented synthesizing existing studies and applying current knowledge of recharge processes and amounts. Eight representative aquifers located across the region were evaluated. For each aquifer published recharge budget components were converted into four standard recharge mechanisms: diffuse, focused, irrigation, and mountain-systems recharge. Future changes in individual recharge mechanisms and total recharge were then estimated for each aquifer. Model-based studies of projected climate-change effects on recharge were available and utilized for half of the aquifers. For the remainder, forecasted changes in temperature and precipitation were logically propagated through each recharge mechanism producing qualitative estimates of direction of changes in recharge only (not magnitude). Several key patterns emerge from the analysis. First, the available estimates indicate average declines of 10-20% in total recharge across the southern aquifers, but with a wide range of uncertainty that includes no change. Second, the northern set of aquifers will likely incur little change to slight increases in total recharge. Third, mountain system recharge is expected to decline across much of the region due to decreased snow pack, with that impact lessening with higher elevation and latitude. Factors contributing the greatest uncertainty in the estimates include: (1) limited studies quantitatively coupling climate projections to recharge estimation methods using detailed, process-based numerical models; (2) a generally poor understanding of hydrologic flowpaths and processes in mountain systems; (3) difficulty predicting the response of focused recharge to potential changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events; and (4) unconstrained feedbacks between climate, irrigation practices, and recharge in highly developed aquifer systems. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Meixner, Thomas; Castro, Christopher L.; Neff, Kirstin L.; Niraula, Rewati] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Manning, Andrew H.; Walvoord, Michelle A.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stonestrom, David A.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Allen, Diana M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Ajami, Hoori] Univ New S Wales, WRC, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Blasch, Kyle W.] US Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Brookfield, Andrea E.] Univ Kansas, Kansas Geol Survey, 1930 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. [Clark, Jordan F.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Gochis, David J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Flints, Alan L.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Rodell, Matthew] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Scanlon, Bridget R.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78713 USA. [Singha, Kamini] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Meixner, T (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM tmeixner@email.arizona.edu RI Rodell, Matthew/E-4946-2012; Scanlon, Bridget/A-3105-2009; OI Rodell, Matthew/0000-0003-0106-7437; Scanlon, Bridget/0000-0002-1234-4199; Meixner, Thomas/0000-0002-8567-9635; Manning, Andrew/0000-0002-6404-1237 FU USGS; NSF [EAR-1328505]; USGS National Research Program; USGS Office of Groundwater FX The synthesis work reported in this paper is the result of a John Wesley Powell Center group "Potential Impacts of Prospective Climate Change on Groundwater Recharge in the Western United States". The work received support from the USGS and also from the NSF through a concurrent award (EAR-1328505). Additional support to several authors was provided by the USGS National Research Program and the USGS Office of Groundwater. We also wish to thank Jill Baron and the staff of the Powell Center for their assistance in meeting arrangements and their professional attitude and pleasant demeanor. NR 86 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 18 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 534 BP 124 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.12.027 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DG3AC UT WOS:000371940900012 ER PT J AU Zwart, JA Craig, N Kelly, PT Sebestyen, SD Solomon, CT Weidel, BC Jones, SE AF Zwart, Jacob A. Craig, Nicola Kelly, Patrick T. Sebestyen, Stephen D. Solomon, Christopher T. Weidel, Brian C. Jones, Stuart E. TI Metabolic and physiochemical responses to a whole-lake experimental increase in dissolved organic carbon in a north-temperate lake SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; WATER COLUMN; TERRESTRIAL; PHOSPHORUS; MATTER; DEPOSITION; EXPORT; MINERALIZATION; ZOOPLANKTON AB Over the last several decades, many lakes globally have increased in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), calling into question how lake functions may respond to increasing DOC. Unfortunately, our basis for making predictions is limited to spatial surveys, modeling, and laboratory experiments, which may not accurately capture important whole-ecosystem processes. In this article, we present data on metabolic and physio-chemical responses of a multiyear experimental whole-lake increase in DOC concentration. Unexpectedly, we observed an increase in pelagic gross primary production, likely due to a small increase in phosphorus as well as a surprising lack of change in epilimnetic light climate. We also speculate on the importance of lake size modifying the relationship between light climate and elevated DOC. A larger increase in ecosystem respiration resulted in an increased heterotrophy for the treatment basin. The magnitude of the increase in heterotrophy was extremely close to the excess DOC load to the treatment basin, indicating that changes in heterotrophy may be predictable if allochthonous carbon loads are well-constrained. Elevated DOC concentration also reduced thermocline and mixed layer depth and reduced whole-lake temperature. Results from this experiment were quantitatively different, and sometimes even in the opposite direction, from expectations based on cross-system surveys and bottle experiments, emphasizing the importance of whole-ecosystem experiments in understanding ecosystem response to environmental change. C1 [Zwart, Jacob A.; Kelly, Patrick T.; Jones, Stuart E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Craig, Nicola; Solomon, Christopher T.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Sebestyen, Stephen D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN USA. [Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY USA. RP Zwart, JA (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM jzwart@nd.edu RI Sebestyen, Stephen/D-1238-2013; Solomon, Chris/E-6284-2014 OI Sebestyen, Stephen/0000-0002-6315-0108; Solomon, Chris/0000-0002-2850-4257 FU National Science Foundation [NSF DGE-1313583]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [402530-2011]; Canada Foundation for Innovation [28196] FX We thank the University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center (UNDERC) for hosting our experiment. The chemical analyses were conducted at the Center for Environmental Science and Technology (CEST) at University of Notre Dame. Technical assistance was provided by J.J. Coloso, K. Baglini, R. Pilla, A. Sumner, S. Godwin, K. Creamer, A. Searle, K. Roberts, L. Raaf, E. Golebie, B. Conner, S. McCarthy, E. Mather, S. Elser, C.J. Humes, J. Lerner, and M.F. Ebenezer. We are extremely grateful to C. Buelo, S.R. Carpenter, J.J. Cole, J.T. Kurtzweil, and M.L. Pace for contributing Paul Lake high-frequency data for metabolism estimates in exchange for the small price of bourbon. J. R. Corman, A. L. Hetherington, and two anonymous reviewers' comments significantly improved the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under NSF DGE-1313583 to JAZ and grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada 402530-2011 and the Canada Foundation for Innovation 28196 to CTS. Mention of specific product or trade names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 1999 to the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 61 IS 2 BP 723 EP 734 DI 10.1002/lno.10248 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DG6BF UT WOS:000372166500017 ER PT J AU Noren, SR Udevitz, MS Jay, CV AF Noren, Shawn R. Udevitz, Mark S. Jay, Chadwick V. TI Sex-Specific Energetics of Pacific Walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) during the Nursing Interval SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE maternal investment; pinniped; odobenid; growth; caloric intake; caloric requirement ID DIFFERENTIAL MATERNAL INVESTMENT; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA PUPS; LIONS EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; SEAL HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; FOOD-REQUIREMENTS; GROWTH EFFICIENCY; MILK CONSUMPTION; PREY CONSUMPTION AB Habitat use and activity patterns of Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) have changed with climate-induced reductions in sea ice. Increases in the time active in water could result in negative energy balance, precluding females from sustaininglactation, which could impact population demographics. Little is known about lactation costs in walruses. We examined the energetics of 0-2-yr-old walrus calves by using Bayesian hierarchical models based on longitudinal husbandry records of growth (n = 6 females and 7 males) and caloric intake (n = 5 females and 6 males) as a proxy for maternal lactation costs. Males and females had similar growth patterns; mean mass increased from 68 kg at birth to 301 kg by 2 yr. Females had a 2,000 kcal kg(-1) higher mass storage (growth) cost than males; females typically synthesize and deposit greater amounts of adipose, which is more energy dense than lean tissue. In contrast, males had higher metabolic (basal and activity) costs, ranging from 600 to 1,800 kcal d(-1) greater than similarly sized females; males are typically leaner, and muscle is more metabolically active than adipose. Yet total daily energy requirements (storage plus metabolic components) were similar across sexes, summing to approximately 190,000 kcal over the first month postpartum. Based on these estimates and assuming that 8,103 kcal is recovered from 1 kg of mass loss in adult female walruses, suckling calves could deplete 23 kg of their mother's body mass over the first month after parturition if none of the lactation costs is met through ingested prey. C1 [Noren, Shawn R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Udevitz, Mark S.; Jay, Chadwick V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Noren, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM snoren@biology.ucsc.edu OI Udevitz, Mark/0000-0003-4659-138X NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1522-2152 EI 1537-5293 J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool. PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 89 IS 2 BP 93 EP 109 DI 10.1086/685454 PG 17 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA DG2SM UT WOS:000371918100002 PM 27082720 ER PT J AU Meija, J Coplen, TB Berglund, M Brand, WA De Bievre, P Groning, M Holden, NE Irrgeher, J Loss, RD Walczyk, T Prohaska, T AF Meija, Juris Coplen, Tyler B. Berglund, Michael Brand, Willi A. De Bievre, Paul Groening, Manfred Holden, Norman E. Irrgeher, Johanna Loss, Robert D. Walczyk, Thomas Prohaska, Thomas TI Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report) SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE atomic weights; atomic-weight intervals; cadmium; ciaaw.org; conventional atomic-weight values; half-life; IUPAC Technical Report; molybdenum; selenium; standard atomic weight; standardization; thorium; uranium ID ABSOLUTE ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RATIO; TH-230; SEA; CHLORINE; VALUES; OCEAN; SMOW; GAS AB The biennial review of atomic-weight determinations and other cognate data has resulted in changes for the standard atomic weights of 19 elements. The standard atomic weights of four elements have been revised based on recent determinations of isotopic abundances in natural terrestrial materials: cadmium to 112.414(4) from 112.411(8), molybdenum to 95.95(1) from 95.96(2), selenium to 78.971(8) from 78.96(3), and thorium to 232.0377(4) from 232.038 06(2). The Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (claaw.org) also revised the standard atomic weights of fifteen elements based on the 2012 Atomic Mass Evaluation: aluminium (aluminum) to 26.981 5385(7) from 26.981 5386(8), arsenic to 74.921 595(6) from 74.921 60(2), beryllium to 9.012 1831(5) from 9.012 182(3), caesium (cesium) to 132.905 451 96(6) from 132.905 4519(2), cobalt to 58.933 194(4) from 58.933 195(5), fluorine to 18.998 403 163(6) from 18.998 4032(5), gold to 196.966 569(5) from 196.966 569(4), holmium to 164.930 33(2) from 164.930 32(2), manganese to 54.938 044(3) from 54.938 045(5), niobium to 92.906 37(2) from 92.906 38(2), phosphorus to 30.973 761 998(5) from 30.973 762(2), praseodymium to 140.907 66(2) from 140.907 65(2), scandium to 44.955 908(5) from 44.955 912(6), thulium to 168.934 22(2) from 168.934 21(2), and yttrium to 88.905 84(2) from 88.905 85(2). The Commission also recommends the standard value for the natural terrestrial uranium isotope ratio, N(U-238)/N(U-235) = 137.8(1). C1 [Meija, Juris] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Coplen, Tyler B.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Berglund, Michael] Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Geel, Belgium. [Brand, Willi A.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Groening, Manfred] IAEA, Seibersdorf, Austria. [Holden, Norman E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Irrgeher, Johanna] Helmholtz Ctr Mat & Coastal Res Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany. [Loss, Robert D.] Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Perth, WA, Australia. [Walczyk, Thomas] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem Sci, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Walczyk, Thomas] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biochem Med, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Prohaska, Thomas] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Dept Chem, Vienna, Austria. RP Meija, J (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. EM juris.meija@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca FU IUPAC [2007-038-3-200, 2009-027-1-200, 2011-027-1-200, 2013-032-1-200] FX The following IUPAC projects contributed to this Technical Report: 2007-038-3-200, 2009-027-1-200, 2011-027-1-200, and 2013-032-1-200. NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 14 U2 24 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-4545 EI 1365-3075 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 88 IS 3 BP 265 EP 291 DI 10.1515/pac-2015-0305 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DG4TS UT WOS:000372066300009 ER PT J AU Meija, J Coplen, TB Berglund, M Brand, WA De Bievre, P Groning, M Holden, NE Irrgeher, J Loss, RD Walczyk, T Prohaska, T AF Meija, Juris Coplen, Tyler B. Berglund, Michael Brand, Willi A. De Bievre, Paul Groening, Manfred Holden, Norman E. Irrgeher, Johanna Loss, Robert D. Walczyk, Thomas Prohaska, Thomas TI Isotopic compositions of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report) SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE atomic weight; ciaaw.org; critical evaluation; elements; isotopes; isotopic abundance; IUPAC Technical Report; periodic table ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ATOMIC-WEIGHT; REFERENCE SAMPLE; ABUNDANCE RATIOS; ABSOLUTE ABUNDANCE; MOLAR-MASS; MC-ICPMS; GAS; METEORITES; DYSPROSIUM AB The Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (ciaaw.org) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (iupac.org) has revised the Table of Isotopic Compositions of the Elements (TICE). The update involved a critical evaluation of the recent published literature. The new TICE 2013 includes evaluated data from the "best measurement" of the isotopic abundances in a single sample, along with a set of representative isotopic abundances and uncertainties that accommodate known variations in normal terrestrial materials. C1 [Meija, Juris] Natl Res Council Canada, Measurement Sci & Stand, 1200 Montreal Rd,M-12, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Coplen, Tyler B.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Berglund, Michael] European Commiss, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Joint Res Ctr, Brussels, Belgium. [Brand, Willi A.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Groening, Manfred] IAEA, Seibersdorf, Austria. [Holden, Norman E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Irrgeher, Johanna] Helmholtz Ctr Mat & Coastal Res Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany. [Loss, Robert D.] Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Perth, WA, Australia. [Walczyk, Thomas] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem Sci, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Walczyk, Thomas] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biochem Med, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Prohaska, Thomas] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Dept Chem, Vienna, Austria. RP Meija, J (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Measurement Sci & Stand, 1200 Montreal Rd,M-12, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM juris.meija@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca FU IUPAC [2009-025-1-200, 2009-029-1-200, 2011-027-1-200] FX We thank Prof. J. Stohner (Zurich University of Applied Sciences) and several anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that improved the original manuscript. The financial support given by all coauthor institutions made this report possible. We also wish to gratefully acknowledge the intellectual contributions of past members of SIAM who provided us the predecessor TICE reports. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the Government of Canada, U.S. Government or the International Atomic Energy Agency. The following IUPAC Projects contributed to this Technical Report: 2009-025-1-200, 2009-029-1-200, and 2011-027-1-200. NR 88 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 14 U2 22 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-4545 EI 1365-3075 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 88 IS 3 BP 293 EP 306 DI 10.1515/pac-2015-0503 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DG4TS UT WOS:000372066300010 ER PT J AU Gillan, JK Karl, JW Barger, NN Elaksher, A Duniway, MC AF Gillan, Jeffrey K. Karl, Jason W. Barger, Nichole N. Elaksher, Ahmed Duniway, Michael C. TI Spatially Explicit Rangeland Erosion Monitoring Using High-Resolution Digital Aerial Imagery SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE change detection; digital elevation model; photogrammetry; rangeland monitoring; remote sensing; soil erosion ID MEASURING SOIL-EROSION; ELEVATION MODELS; GULLY-EROSION; LIDAR DATA; PHOTOGRAMMETRIC TECHNIQUE; FOREST CANOPY; NE-SPAIN; DEPOSITION; RATES; QUANTIFICATION AB Nearly all of the ecosystem services supported by rangelands, including production of livestock forage, carbon sequestration, and provisioning of clean water, are negatively impacted by soil erosion. Accordingly, monitoring the severity, spatial extent, and rate of soil erosion is essential for long-term sustainable management. Traditional field-based methods of monitoring erosion (sediment traps, erosion pins, and bridges) can be labor intensive and therefore are generally limited in spatial intensity and/or extent. There is a growing effort to monitor natural resources at broad scales, which is driving the need for new soil erosion monitoring tools. One remote-sensing technique that can be used to monitor soil movement is a time series of digital elevation models (DEMs) created using aerial photogrammetry methods. By geographically coregistering the DEMs and subtracting one surface from the other, an estimate of soil elevation change can be created. Such analysis enables spatially explicit quantification and visualization of net soil movement including erosion, deposition, and redistribution. We constructed DEMs (12-cm ground sampling distance) on the basis of aerial photography immediately before and 1 year after a vegetation removal treatment on a 31-ha Pinon-Juniper woodland in southeastern Utah to evaluate the use of aerial photography in detecting soil surface change. On average, we were able to detect surface elevation change of +/- 8-9cm and greater, which was sufficient for the large amount of soil movement exhibited on the study area. Detecting more subtle soil erosion could be achieved using the same technique with higher resolution imagery from lower-flying aircraft such as unmanned aerial vehicles. DEM differencing and process focused field methods provided complementary information and a more complete assessment of soil loss and movement than any single technique alone. Photogrammetric DEM differencing could be used as a technique to quantitatively monitor surface change over time relative to management activities. (C) 2016 The Society for Range Management. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gillan, Jeffrey K.; Karl, Jason W.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Barger, Nichole N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Elaksher, Ahmed] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Engn Technol & Surveying Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Duniway, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Gillan, JK (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jgillan@nmsu.edu OI Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 FU US Dept of Agriculture National Research Initiative-Managed Ecosystems grant [2008-00776] FX This research was supported by a US Dept of Agriculture National Research Initiative-Managed Ecosystems grant to N. N. Barger (Proposal 2008-00776). NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 19 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 69 IS 2 BP 95 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2015.10.012 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DG3EN UT WOS:000371952400001 ER PT J AU Kenow, KP Benjamin, GL Schlagenhaft, TW Nissen, RA Stefanski, M Wege, GJ Jutila, SA Newton, TJ AF Kenow, K. P. Benjamin, G. L. Schlagenhaft, T. W. Nissen, R. A. Stefanski, M. Wege, G. J. Jutila, S. A. Newton, T. J. TI Process, Policy, and Implementation of Pool-Wide Drawdowns on the Upper Mississippi River: A Promising Approach for Ecological Restoration of Large Impounded Rivers SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE drawdown; navigation pool; restoration; upper Mississippi River; water level management ID WATER-LEVEL MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; EXPOSURE AB The Upper Mississippi River (UMR) has been developed and subsequently managed for commercial navigation by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The navigation pools created by a series of lock and dams initially provided a complex of aquatic habitats that supported a variety of fish and wildlife. However, biological productivity declined as the pools aged. The River Resources Forum, an advisory body to the St. Paul District of the USACE, established a multiagency Water Level Management Task Force (WLMTF) to evaluate the potential of water level management to improve ecological function and restore the distribution and abundance of fish and wildlife habitat. The WLMTF identified several water level management options and concluded that summer growing season drawdowns at the pool scale offered the greatest potential to provide habitat benefits over a large area. Here we summarize the process followed to plan and implement pool-wide drawdowns on the UMR, including involvement of stakeholders in decision making, addressing requirements to modify reservoir operating plans, development and evaluation of drawdown alternatives, pool selection, establishment of a monitoring plan, interagency coordination, and a public information campaign. Three pool-wide drawdowns were implemented within the St. Paul District and deemed successful in providing ecological benefits without adversely affecting commercial navigation and recreational use of the pools. Insights are provided based on more than 17years of experience in planning and implementing drawdowns on the UMR. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kenow, K. P.; Newton, T. J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Benjamin, G. L.; Nissen, R. A.] Nature Conservancy, Great Rivers Partnership, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Schlagenhaft, T. W.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Lake City, MN 55041 USA. [Jutila, S. A.] US Army Corps Engineers, St Paul, MN 55101 USA. [Stefanski, M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Mississippi River Natl Wildlife & Fish Refu, Winona, MN 55987 USA. [Wege, G. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Field Off, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. [Benjamin, G. L.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Schlagenhaft, T. W.] Audubon, Red Wing, MN 55066 USA. RP Kenow, KP (reprint author), USGS, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM kkenow@usgs.gov OI Kenow, Kevin/0000-0002-3062-5197; Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 3 BP 295 EP 308 DI 10.1002/rra.2857 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DG8SU UT WOS:000372354700007 ER PT J AU Franssen, NR Durst, SL Gido, KB Ryden, DW Lamarra, V Propst, DL AF Franssen, N. R. Durst, S. L. Gido, K. B. Ryden, D. W. Lamarra, V. Propst, D. L. TI Long-term Dynamics of Large-bodied Fishes Assessed from Spatially Intensive Monitoring of a Managed Desert River SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE non-native fishes; longitudinal zonation; long-term data; fish-habitat associations; large-bodied fishes; regulated river ID REGULATED CALIFORNIA STREAM; SAN-JUAN RIVER; COLORADO RIVER; FLOW REGIME; NONNATIVE FISHES; FRESH-WATER; CHANNEL CATFISH; GRAND-CANYON; RAZORBACK SUCKERS; ASSEMBLAGES AB Imperilment of native fishes worldwide, and particularly in the American Southwest, has prompted management actions to protect and recover threatened populations. Implementation of management activities, however, often proceeds without clear understandings of ecological interactions between native fishes and other biotic and physical components of the environment. Using data obtained in a 19-year, intensive monitoring effort across 288km of the San Juan River in NM and UT, USA, we quantified relationships among large-bodied fishes and longitudinal environmental gradients, tested for faunal breaks of fishes and habitat structure along the river's course, and assessed the response of fishes to mechanical removal of non-native fishes and stocking of endangered fishes. Mesohabitat variation was not strongly linked to densities of large-bodied fishes, but we found strong and temporally consistent longitudinal patterns of native and non-native fishes: Native fish densities were highest upstream while non-native fish densities where highest downstream, potentially driven by differential responses to temperature regimes. Two breaks in the longitudinal structure of large-bodied fishes were identified and were associated with a man-made barrier and changes in the width of the river's floodplain. While densities of common native fishes were relatively constant during the study, non-native fish removal apparently reduced densities of one of two targeted species and densities of two endangered fishes increased as a result of stocking hatchery-reared fish. Results of this study suggest that large-bodied fishes of the San Juan River are responding to large-scale longitudinal gradients rather than small-scale habitat variation and management activities have altered densities of target species with limited responses by other fishes in the system. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Franssen, N. R.; Propst, D. L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Franssen, N. R.; Propst, D. L.] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Durst, S. L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Ecol Serv Field Off, San Juan River Basin Recovery Implementat Program, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Gido, K. B.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Ryden, D. W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grand Junction, CO USA. [Lamarra, V.] Ecosyst Res Inst, Logan, UT USA. RP Franssen, NR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.; Franssen, NR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM nrfranssen@gmail.com FU San Juan River Basin Recovery and Implementation Program FX We would like to thank the staff from the US Fish and Wildlife Service, New Mexico Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office particularly Benjamin Schleicher and Ernest Teller Sr. This project was only possible with the assistance and dedication of numerous individuals from US Fish and Wildlife Service, Colorado River Project office and New Mexico Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office; New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Conservation Services Division; Utah Department of Wildlife Resources, Moab office; Navajo Nation Department of Fish and Wildlife; American Southwest Ichthyological Researchers, LLC; and the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Navajo Agricultural Products Industry and Shiprock offices. Funding for this work was provided through authorizing legislation for the San Juan River Basin Recovery and Implementation Program and administered by US Bureau of Reclamation, Salt Lake City, Utah. This article reflects the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Fish and Wildlife Service or cooperating agencies. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 3 BP 348 EP 361 DI 10.1002/rra.2855 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DG8SU UT WOS:000372354700011 ER PT J AU Caputo, J Beier, CM Groffman, PM Burns, DA Beall, FD Hazlett, PW Yorks, TE AF Caputo, Jesse Beier, Colin M. Groffman, Peter M. Burns, Douglas A. Beall, Frederick D. Hazlett, Paul W. Yorks, Thad E. TI Effects of Harvesting Forest Biomass on Water and Climate Regulation Services: A Synthesis of Long-Term Ecosystem Experiments in Eastern North America SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE forest biomass; ecosystem services; water regulation; climate regulation; tradeoff analysis; forest recovery ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; CARBON MITIGATION; TIMBER PRODUCTION; WOOD ENERGY; TRADE-OFFS; IMPACTS; BIOENERGY; BIOFUELS AB Demand for woody biomass fuels is increasing amidst concerns about global energy security and climate change, but there may be negative implications of increased harvesting for forest ecosystem functions and their benefits to society (ecosystem services). Using new methods for assessing ecosystem services based on long-term experimental research, post-harvest changes in ten potential benefits were assessed for ten first-order northern hardwood forest watersheds at three long-term experimental research sites in northeastern North America. As expected, we observed near-term tradeoffs between biomass provision and greenhouse gas regulation, as well as tradeoffs between intensive harvest and the capacity of the forest to remediate nutrient pollution. In both cases, service provision began to recover along with the regeneration of forest vegetation; in the case of pollution remediation, the service recovered to pre-harvest levels within 10 years. By contrast to these two services, biomass harvesting had relatively nominal and transient impacts on other ecosystem services. Our results are sensitive to empirical definitions of societal demand, including methods for scaling societal demand to ecosystem units, which are often poorly resolved. Reducing uncertainty around these parameters can improve confidence in our results and increase their relevance for decision-making. Our synthesis of long-term experimental studies provides insights on the social-ecological resilience of managed forest ecosystems to multiple drivers of change. C1 [Caputo, Jesse; Beier, Colin M.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY USA. [Burns, Douglas A.] US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Beall, Frederick D.; Hazlett, Paul W.] Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, 1219 Queen St East, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Yorks, Thad E.] Cazenovia Coll, Environm Biol Program, 22 Sullivan St, Cazenovia, NY 13035 USA. RP Caputo, J (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM jcaputo@esf.edu FU U.S. Forest Service Northeastern States Research Cooperative FX This research was supported by funding from the U.S. Forest Service Northeastern States Research Cooperative (www.nsrc.org). We extend thanks to our collaborators for their expertise and logistical support, including the Hubbard Brook Research Foundation, Natural Resources Canada, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, and the Gund Institute for Ecological Economics. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 15 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2016 VL 19 IS 2 BP 271 EP 283 DI 10.1007/s10021-015-9928-z PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DG1AM UT WOS:000371797400004 ER PT J AU Cavallin, JE Jensen, KM Kahl, MD Villeneuve, DL Lee, KE Schroeder, AL Mayasich, J Eid, EP Nelson, KR Milsk, RY Blackwell, BR Berninger, JP LaLone, CA Blanksma, C Jicha, T Elonen, C Johnson, R Ankley, GT AF Cavallin, Jenna E. Jensen, Kathleen M. Kahl, Michael D. Villeneuve, Daniel L. Lee, Kathy E. Schroeder, Anthony L. Mayasich, Joe Eid, Evan P. Nelson, Krysta R. Milsk, Rebecca Y. Blackwell, Brett R. Berninger, Jason P. LaLone, Carlie A. Blanksma, Chad Jicha, Terri Elonen, Colleen Johnson, Rodney Ankley, Gerald T. TI PATHWAY-BASED APPROACHES FOR ASSESSMENT OF REAL-TIME EXPOSURE TO AN ESTROGENIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENT ON FATHEAD MINNOW REPRODUCTION SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Wastewater treatment plant; Fish; Reproduction; Estrogens ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; ACTIVATION ASSAY T47D-KBLUC; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; IN-VITRO; METABOLIZING ENZYMES; PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE; STEROID ESTROGENS; STABLY EXPRESSES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are known contributors of chemical mixtures into the environment. Of particular concern are endocrine-disrupting compounds, such as estrogens, which can affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function in exposed organisms. The present study examined reproductive effects in fathead minnows exposed for 21 d to a historically estrogenic WWTP effluent. Fathead minnow breeding pairs were held in control water or 1 of 3 effluent concentrations (5%, 20%, and 100%) in a novel onsite, flow-through system providing real-time exposure. The authors examined molecular and biochemical endpoints representing key events along adverse outcome pathways linking estrogen receptor activation and other molecular initiating events to reproductive impairment. In addition, the authors used chemical analysis of the effluent to construct a chemical-gene interaction network to aid in targeted gene expression analyses and identifying potentially impacted biological pathways. Cumulative fecundity was significantly reduced in fish exposed to 100% effluent but increased in those exposed to 20% effluent, the approximate dilution factor in the receiving waters. Plasma vitellogenin concentrations in males increased in a dose-dependent manner with effluent concentration; however, male fertility was not impacted. Although in vitro analyses, analytical chemistry, and biomarker responses confirmed the effluent was estrogenic, estrogen receptor agonists were unlikely the primary driver of impaired reproduction. The results provide insights into the significance of pathway-based effects with regard to predicting adverse reproductive outcomes. Published 2015 by Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work, and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Cavallin, Jenna E.; Milsk, Rebecca Y.; Blackwell, Brett R.] US EPA, ORISE Res Participat Program, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Midcontinent, Duluth, MN USA. [Cavallin, Jenna E.] Univ Minnesota, Integrated Biosci Grad Program, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Jensen, Kathleen M.; Kahl, Michael D.; Villeneuve, Daniel L.; Eid, Evan P.; Nelson, Krysta R.; Berninger, Jason P.; LaLone, Carlie A.; Jicha, Terri; Elonen, Colleen; Johnson, Rodney; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. [Lee, Kathy E.] US Geol Survey, Tox Subst Hydrol Program, Grand Rapids, MI USA. [Schroeder, Anthony L.] Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Ctr, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Midcontinent, US Environm Protect Agcy,Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Mayasich, Joe] Western Lake Super Sanit Dist, Duluth, MN USA. [Blanksma, Chad] US EPA, Badger Tech Serv, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Mid Continen, Duluth, MN USA. RP Cavallin, JE (reprint author), US EPA, ORISE Res Participat Program, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Midcontinent, Duluth, MN USA.; Cavallin, JE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Integrated Biosci Grad Program, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM cavallin.jenna@epa.gov RI Berninger, Jason/O-2401-2016 OI Berninger, Jason/0000-0003-3045-7899 FU University of Minnesota-US Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative Training Partnership FX We thank the staff and management at the Western Lake Superior Sanitary District. Additional technical support was provided by A. Parrella (Western Lake Superior Sanitary District), K. Lott (Badger Technical Services), F. Whiteman, M. Lee, M. Hughes, E. Randolph, T. Saari (USEPA), and S. Robinson (USEPA GRO intern). We also thank members of the US Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory, who conducted the analytical measurements of the water samples and S. Langer for assistance with water sample coordination. We thank D. Mount for reviewing an earlier draft of the present study. J. Cavallin was supported in part by the University of Minnesota-US Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative Training Partnership. NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 35 IS 3 BP 702 EP 716 DI 10.1002/etc.3228 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DF6YY UT WOS:000371505800019 PM 26332155 ER PT J AU Raimondo, S Lilavois, CR Lee, L Augspurger, T Wang, N Ingersoll, CG Bauer, C Hammer, E Barron, MG AF Raimondo, Sandy Lilavois, Crystal R. Lee, Larisa Augspurger, Tom Wang, Ning Ingersoll, Chris G. Bauer, Candice Hammer, Edward Barron, Mace G. TI Assessing variability in chemical acute toxicity of unionid mussels: Influence of intra- and interlaboratory testing, life stage, and species SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Mussels; Freshwater toxicity; Life stages; Species extrapolation; Variability ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; LAMPSILIS-SILIQUOIDEA; ESTIMATION MODELS; GLOCHIDIA; JUVENILES; SENSITIVITY; AMMONIA; COPPER; MOLLUSKS AB The authors developed a toxicity database for unionid mussels to examine the extent of intra- and interlaboratory variability in acute toxicity tests with mussel larvae (glochidia) and juveniles; the extent of differential sensitivity of the 2 life stages; and the variation in sensitivity among commonly tested mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea, Utterbackia imbecillis, and Villosa iris), commonly tested cladocerans (Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia), and fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Pimephales promelas, and Lepomis macrochirus). The results of these analyses indicate that intralaboratory variability for median effect concentrations (EC50) averaged about 2-fold for both life stages, whereas interlaboratory variability averaged 3.6-fold for juvenile mussels and 6.3-fold for glochidia. The EC50s for juveniles and glochidia were within a factor of 2 of each other for 50% of paired records across chemicals, with juveniles more sensitive than glochidia by more than 2-fold for 33% of the comparisons made between life stages. There was a high concurrence of sensitivity of commonly tested L. siliquoidea, U. imbecillis, and V. iris to that of other mussels. However, this concurrence decreased as the taxonomic distance of the commonly tested cladocerans and fish to mussels increased. The compiled mussel database and determination of data variability will advance risk assessments by including more robust species sensitivity distributions, interspecies correlation estimates, and availability of taxon-specific empirically derived application factors for risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:750-758. Published 2015 Wiley Periodicals Inc on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Raimondo, Sandy; Lilavois, Crystal R.; Lee, Larisa; Barron, Mace G.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Augspurger, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. [Wang, Ning; Ingersoll, Chris G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO USA. [Bauer, Candice; Hammer, Edward] US EPA, Chicago, IL USA. RP Raimondo, S (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. EM Raimondo.sandy@epa.gov NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 35 IS 3 BP 750 EP 758 DI 10.1002/etc.3245 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DF6YY UT WOS:000371505800024 PM 26369904 ER PT J AU Hubbard, KA Chalfoun, AD Gerow, KG AF Hubbard, Kaylan A. Chalfoun, Anna D. Gerow, Kenneth G. TI The Relative Influence of Road Characteristics and Habitat on Adjacent Lizard Populations in Arid Shrublands SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEXAS HORNED LIZARDS; HOME-RANGE SIZE; SCELOPORUS-OCCIDENTALIS; TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR; PHRYNOSOMA-CORNUTUM; BROMUS-TECTORUM; SCINCID LIZARD; MORTALITY; EDGE; FRAGMENTATION AB As road networks continue to expand globally, indirect impacts to adjacent wildlife populations remain largely unknown. Simultaneously, reptile populations are declining worldwide and anthropogenic habitat loss and fragmentation are frequently cited causes. We evaluated the relative influence of three different road characteristics (surface treatment, width, and traffic volume) and habitat features on adjacent populations of Northern Sagebrush Lizards (Sceloporus graciosus graciosus), Plateau Fence Lizards (S. tristichus), and Greater Short-Horned Lizards (Phrynosoma hernandesi) in mixed arid shrubland habitats in southwest Wyoming. Neither odds of lizard presence nor relative abundance was significantly related to any of the assessed road characteristics, although there was a trend for higher Sceloporus spp. abundance adjacent to paved roads. Sceloporus spp. relative abundance did not vary systematically with distance to the nearest road. Rather, both Sceloporus spp. and Greater Short-Horned Lizards were associated strongly with particular habitat characteristics adjacent to roads. Sceloporus spp. presence and relative abundance increased with rock cover, relative abundance was associated positively with shrub cover, and presence was associated negatively with grass cover. Greater Short-Horned Lizard presence increased with bare ground and decreased marginally with shrub cover. Our results suggest that habitat attributes are stronger correlates of lizard presence and relative abundance than individual characteristics of adjacent roads, at least in our system. Therefore, an effective conservation approach for these species may be to consider the landscape through which new roads and their associated development would occur, and the impact that placement could have on fragment size and key habitat elements. C1 [Hubbard, Kaylan A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Chalfoun, Anna D.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Gerow, Kenneth G.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Dept 3332,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Chalfoun, AD (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM achalfou@uwyo.edu FU University of Wyoming's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocols; Wyoming Game and Fish Department; Wyoming Game and Fish Department Chapter 33 Permit [713] FX The Wyoming Game and Fish Department generously provided funding for this project. We thank J. Beck, K. Gelwicks, W. Hubert, R. Keith, C. Matthews, Z. Walker, D. Zafft, and M. Zornes for their interest and involvement in this project. We sincerely thank M. Larson and A. Shaver of the Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for their invaluable logistical support, and numerous technicians for all of their hard work and enthusiasm in the field. M. O'Donnell at the U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center provided assistance with initial site selection and GIS. The Wyoming Technology Transfer Center at the University of Wyoming generously provided the traffic counters used in this study, and B. Evans provided technological support. We thank two anonymous reviewers for facilitating improvements to an earlier draft of the manuscript. This study was performed under the auspices of the University of Wyoming's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocols, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department Chapter 33 Permit #713. Any use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 23 U2 39 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 50 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1670/13-182 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DF8OO UT WOS:000371617900006 ER PT J AU Jarchow, CJ Hossack, BR Sigafus, BH Schwalbe, CR Muths, E AF Jarchow, Christopher J. Hossack, Blake R. Sigafus, Brent H. Schwalbe, Cecil R. Muths, Erin TI Modeling Habitat Connectivity to Inform Reintroductions: A Case Study with the Chiricahua Leopard Frog SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CERVUS-ELAPHUS; CIRCUIT-THEORY; GENE FLOW; CONSERVATION; AMPHIBIANS; DISPERSAL; MOVEMENT; TRANSLOCATION; POPULATION; SCIENCE AB Managing species with intensive tools such as reintroduction may focus on single sites or entire landscapes. For vagile species, long-term persistence will require colonization and establishment in neighboring habitats. Therefore, both suitable colonization sites and suitable dispersal corridors between sites are required. Assessment of landscapes for both requirements can contribute to ranking and selection of reintroduction areas, thereby improving management success. Following eradication of invasive American Bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) from most of Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge (BANWR; Arizona, United States), larval Chiricahua Leopard Frogs (Lithobates chiricahuensis) from a private pond were reintroduced into three stock ponds. Populations became established at all three reintroduction sites followed by colonization of neighboring ponds in subsequent years. Our aim was to better understand colonization patterns by the federally threatened L. chiricahuensis which could help inform other reintroduction efforts. We assessed the influence of four landscape features on colonization. Using surveys from 2007 and information about the landscape, we developed a habitat connectivity model, based on electrical circuit theory, that identified potential dispersal corridors after explicitly accounting for imperfect detection of frogs. Landscape features provided little insight into why some sites were colonized and others were not, results that are likely because of the uniformity of the BANWR landscape. While corridor modeling may be effective in more-complex landscapes, our results suggest focusing on local habitat will be more useful at BANWR. We also illustrate that existing data, even when limited in spatial or temporal resolution, can provide information useful in formulating management actions. C1 [Jarchow, Christopher J.; Sigafus, Brent H.; Schwalbe, Cecil R.] US Geol Survey, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, 1110 E South Campus Dr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Muths, Erin] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM blake_hossack@usgs.gov FU USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) FX We thank P. Rosen, D. Turner, and D. Suhre for their role in planning and executing the bullfrog removals, R. Gimblett for geographic information systems (GIS) guidance, and W. Shifflett for his role in conserving L. chiricahuensis in the Altar Valley. We appreciate the additional staff that helped collect data and braved the rough conditions and long nights. We also thank the staff at BANWR and Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). Research was conducted under AGFD Scientific Collecting Permits SP695065, SP740593, and SP561283; BANWR Special Use Permits 2003-6 and 2007-12; and USFWS Permit TE081509. Comments by W. Lowe, K. Honeycutt, T. Wilcox, C. Bayer, R. Chandler, M. Sredl, P. Bartelt, M. Mazerolle, and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Funding for this work was provided by the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). This manuscript is ARMI product no. 507. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 13 U2 29 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 50 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1670/14-172 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DF8OO UT WOS:000371617900011 ER PT J AU Sampath, PV Liao, HS Curtis, ZK Li, SG Deloria, C AF Sampath, Prasanna V. Liao, Hua-Sheng Curtis, Zachary K. Li, Shu-Guang Deloria, Christie TI Modeling Fen Hydrology to Inform Recovery of the Endangered Hine's Emerald Dragonfly SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; RIVER-BASIN; EAST-ANGLIA; WATER; USA; WETLANDS; RESTORATION; MEADOWS; SYSTEM AB It is generally recognized that fens and the rare species they support can only be effectively managed and protected by treating them as part of a larger, connected groundwater system. However, this underlying groundwater system is often not well understood. In this research, a geographic information system (GIS)-enabled, hierarchical modeling approach was applied to simulate the multiscale groundwater flow systems for several critical habitat units of the endangered Hine's emerald dragonfly (HED) in Michigan. In particular, models for six habitat units were developed and calibrated to static water level measurements. Reverse particle tracking was used to trace source water and delineate the groundwater contribution areas for the habitat units. The results reveal that the units obtain water from regional groundwater mounds through direct or cascading connections. The travel time for groundwater from the mounds to reach the habitat units varied between 25days and almost 11years. These findings suggest that the current approach to fen conservation must be reassessed, from the protection of individual fens to conservation of the broad recharge areas and the multiple fens they support. C1 [Sampath, Prasanna V.; Liao, Hua-Sheng; Curtis, Zachary K.; Li, Shu-Guang] Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 428 S Shaw Ln,Room 3546, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Deloria, Christie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 3090 Wright St, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Li, SG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 428 S Shaw Ln,Room 3546, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM sampath3@msu.edu; liao@egr.msu.edu; curtisza@msu.edu; lishug@egr.msu.edu; christie_deloria@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Great Lakes Coastal Program; Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX The authors would like to acknowledge the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Great Lakes Coastal Program and the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative for funding this research. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 21 IS 3 AR 05015029 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001314 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA DF9PM UT WOS:000371693500007 ER EF